高一定语从句讲解

高一定语从句unit1&2

that: 可指人或物；可作主语，宾语。

指人时，相当于who或whom；

指物时，相当于which

只能用that 不能用which的情况

1.先行词为不定代词时：all, much, everything, anything, nothing, something, none, the one.

You should hand in all that you have.

We haven’t got much that we can of fer you.

2.先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等修饰时；

The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.

There are no children that don’t love their parents.

3.先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时；

It’s the first film that I saw this year.

4.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时；

The film is the most interesting that I have ever seen.

5.先行词既有人又有物时；

They are talking about the students and the school that they visited yesterday.

6.先行词是数词时；(two, ten, a hundred)

7.如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个关系代词宜用that，以避免重复；

They secretly built up a small factory which produced things that could cause pollution.

8.疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that，以避免重复；

Which is the bike that you lost?

9.当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在定语从句中用作表语时，通常用that：

China is not the country that it was.

只能用which不能用that 的情况：

1. 介词后面只能用which；

Is this the room in which Mr. White lives?

2. 非限定性定语从句中。

More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country.

3.当关系代词后面带有插入语时；

Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.

4.先行词是that/those 或者是those+复数名词.

What’s that which is under the desk?

A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.

只能用who 不能用that 的情况

1. 先行词为anyone, anybody, those, all（指人）, one, ones, they, he, people时；

Anyone who failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason .

He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything is indeed a good-for –nothing.

2. 在非限定性定语从句中；

His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.

3．在there be开头的句子中大多用who。

There is a boy who wants to see you.

介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

This is the room (that/which) we lived in last year.

=This is the room in which we lived last year.

The man(whom/who/that) you were talking about has come to school.

=The man about whom you were talking has come to school.

介词的确定：

1.与前面名词的搭配关系：I’ll never forget the day on which I met him. (on the day)

2.看从句后面动词与介词的搭配关系：The two things of which she felt proud were her gold watch and long hair. （be proud of）

关系副词when, where, why 引导的定语从句

When指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词（如：time, day, week, year, month等) :Do you remember the day when (=on which) you were taken to the kindergarten? Where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词。（如：place, school, factory, room等: This is the house where(=in which) I was born.

Why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。先行词为reason 时，可用for which指代: The reason why (=for which) he failed the exams was not that he didn’t study hard, but that he was too careless.

辨析：Do you still remember the days______we spent in Qingdao?

Do you still remember the days______we spent the summer holidays in Qingdao?

as 的用法

①如为限制性的，多用于the same …as ; the same as；such …as …; as many/much as；so …as 等结构中。

I have the same book as you (have).

Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been.

比较：This is the same instrument as I used yesterday.

This is the same instrument that I used yesterday.

②如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首、句中或句尾，译为“正如”,而which引导的只能放在主句之后。（动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.）As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health .

Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health.

as anybody can see ,as is known to all, as we had expected, as often happens,

as has been said before, as is mentioned above

关系词的省略

在下列情况下，关系词在非正式文体中可以省略:

1. 关系代词that, which, who, whom在定语从句中做宾语时，常可省略。

Are these keys (that which) you were looking for？

The man (who/that) I was sitting next to on the plane talked all the time.

2．以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。

I don't like the way (that/ in which) she walks.

The way (that /in which) he answered the questions was surprising.

3．在the time when, the place where, the reason why结构中，when, where, why可省略。

I shall never forget the day (when) we first met.

That's the place (where) he stayed when he was in the country