七年级下册英语语法总结概要(20200919210430)

七年级下册英语语法点总结
Unit 1 Where ' s your pen pal from?
一．短语：
1、be from = come from 来自于 ....
2. wite to sb = write a letter to sb 二．重点句式：
1 、 Where 's your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from ？
2. Can you write to me soon? （ 一般用在邮件中 ）
3、 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports.
．本单元的国家，人民、语言对应。

1、 Canada-- - Canadian- -- English / French
2
、 France -------------- -- French --- --French 3、 Japan -------------- -Japanese-- -Japanese
4、
Australia- ---Australian-
--- English
Unit 2 Where 's the post office? 4. You 'd better take a bus. 你最好坐公交车去。

（ You 'd better+ 动词原形）
三．词组
1. across from …… 在……的对面 across from the bank 在银行的对面
2. next to …… 紧靠…… next to the supermarket 紧靠超市
3. between ..... and ...... 在 .... 和 .. 之间
between the park and the zoo 在公园和动物园之间 among 表示位于三者或三者以上之间
4. in front of …… 在……前面
There is a tree in front of the classroom. 课室前面有棵树。

in the front of ............ 在 .... （内）的前部
There is a desk in the front of the classroom. 课室内的前部有张桌子。

5. turn left/ right 向左/ 右拐
on the left/right of …… 在某物的左 / 右边
on one 's left/right 在某人的左 /右边
on my left 在我左边
7. go straight 一直走
8. down /along ....... 沿着 .... （街道）
down/along Center Street 沿着中央街
给某人写信；写信给某人
． Asking ways: （ 问
路 ） Where is （the nearest ） 1． 2． Can you tell me the way to 3． ?（最近的） ..... 在哪里？
……?你能告诉我去……的路吗？
How can I get to .......... ？ 我怎样到达 ... 呢？
． Showing the ways: （指路）
1. Go straight down / along this street.
2. Turn left at the second turning.
3. You will find it on your right. 沿着这条街一直走。

在第二个路口向左转。

你会在你右手边发现它。

9. in the neighborhood=near here 在附近
10. welcome to ....... 欢迎来到....
11. take /have a walk 散步
12. the beginning of .................... 的开始，前端
at the beg inning of ............ 在... 的开始,前端
in the beginning 起初，一开始
13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得开心，过得愉快
I had fun yesterday.
I had a good time yesterday. 我昨天玩得很开心。

I enjoyed myself yesterday.
14. have a good trip 旅途愉快
15. 到达：
get to + 地方get here/ there/ home 到这/那/家
arrive in + 大地方I arrive in Beijing.
arrive at + 小地方I arrive at the bank. reach + 地方
16. on + 街道的名称。

Eg: on Center Street
at + 具体门牌号+街道的名称
Eg: at 6 Center Street
三．重难点解析
1．enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的乐趣，喜爱做某事
如:I enjoy reading. 我喜爱读书。

到目前为止，我们学了两个特殊的动词finish 和enjoy ，都是要带doing. I finish cleaning the room. 我扫完了这间屋子。

2．hope to do sth 希望做某事
女口：I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通过这次考试。

hope +从句I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天将会晴朗。

（从句即是一个小句子，这个小句子又放在大句子中，从属于大句子，所以叫从句。

如tomorrow will be fine 是一个从句，它又放在I hope 的后面，形成句中有句。

）
3. if 引导一个表示假设的句子。

女口：If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有许多钱，我就会去月球。

Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears?
三. 重点难点释义
1、kind of 有点，稍微
女口：Koala bears are kind of shy.
考拉有点害羞。

kind 还有“种类”的意思女口：all
kinds of 各种各样的
如: We have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school.
2. with prep. 跟，同，和…在一起
I usually play chess with my father.
注意区别与and的用法，and通常用于连接主语或宾语,连接主语时，如果有I, I 通常放在and 之后，
如：My father and I usually play chess together.
Play with “和…一起玩耍”“玩…”
女口：I often play with my pet dog.
Don't play with water!
2.leaf n. 叶子复数形式为：leaves ,
类似的变化还有：wife —wives, wolf —wolves, knife —knives 等。

3. hour . 小时；点钟
hour前边通常加上冠词an表示“一个小时”，即：an hour。

女口：There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour.
4、m eat n.（食用的）肉，为不可数名词，表示“许多”时，使用much来修饰, 即：
much meat
女口：He eats much meat every day.
5、g rass n.草，为不可数名词，表示“许多”时，使用much来修饰，即：
much grass。

女口：There is much grass on the playground.
四. 语法知识
特殊疑问句通常以“ what”、“who”、“which”、“when”、“where”、“ hoW'、“ how old ”、“ how many‘等开头，对某一具体问题进行提问。

特殊疑问句的基本构成有两种情况：
1. 疑问句+一般疑问句结构。

这是最常见的情况。

例如：What's your grandfather 's telephone number?
你爷爷的电话号码是多少？
2. 疑问句+陈述句结构。

这时疑问词作主语或修饰主语。

例如：Which man is your teacher? 哪位男士是你的老师？
我们学过的What/How about+名词/代词+其他？也是特殊疑问句，它是一种省略结构。

例如：I like English. What/How about you? 我喜欢英语。

你呢？
What about playing basketball? 打篮球怎么样？
Unit 4 I want to be an actor.
一．短语：
1、want to do sth 想要作某事
2、give sb sth = give sth to sb 给某人某物/ 把某物给某人
3、help sb do sth 帮助某人作某事
Eg: I want to help my mother do some housework at home.
4、help sb with sth 帮助某人谋事
Eg: I want to help my mother with some housework at home
5、in the day 在白天
6、at night 在晚上
7、talk with/ to sb 和谈话
8、be busy doing sth 忙于做某事Eg: He is busy listening to the teacher. 二．重点句
式及注意事项：
1、询问职业的特殊疑问词是what ；有三种主要句式
①What + is / are + sb?
②What + does/ do + sb + do?
③What + is/ are + 名词所有格/ 形容词性物主代词+ job? 2Sometimes I work in the day and sometimes at night.
三．本单元中的名词复数。

1 policeman--- policemen
2 woman doctor women doctors
Unit 5 I ' m watching TV 一．现在进行时
I、现在进行时的用法
表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作
U现在进行时时间状语及标志性词
①now 现在② at this time 在这时③ at the moment 现在
④look 看（后面有明显的“！” ［⑤
listen 听（后面有明显的“！”）川现在分词的构成
①一般在动词结尾处加ing Eg: go —going look--looking
②以不发音字母 e 结尾的动词，去 e 加ing 。

Eg: write —writing close--closing
③以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这个字母，
再加ing.
Eg: get —getting run —running （ swim, run, put,get,sit,begin）
IV现在进行时的构成
肯定句:
主语+ am/is/are+ doing + 其他+时状.
Eg: He is doing his homework now. 否定句：
主语 +am/is/are + not + doing+ 其他 + 时状. Eg: He is not doing his homework now.
般疑问句：
Am/Is/Are + 主语+ doing +其他+时状？ Eg: Is he doing his homework now? ．短语：
6．wait for sb/sth 等待某人 /某物
7. some of .................. 中的一些
8．in the first photo 在第一张照片里（介词用 in, 序数词前面有 the ）
in the last photo 在最后一张照片里
a photo of one 's family 某人的家庭照片
9．at the mall 在购物街
at/in the library 在图书室
at/in the pool 在游泳池
10. read a book = read books = do some reading 看书\阅读
11 ．thanks for = thank you for 为某事而感谢（ 后接动词要用 v －ing ）
Unit 6 It 's raining!
一．短语：
1 、take photos/ pictures 照像
2、 take photos/ pictures of sb/ sth 给某人或某物照相
3、 have a good time \ have fun 'have a great tame 玩得愉快
4、 work for sb / sth 为某人工作
Eg: Yuan Yuan works for CCTV 's Around The World show
5、 on vacation 度假
Eg: There are many people here on vacation.
1、
2、 3、 4、 5、
6、 78、
9重点句式及注意事项：
What is he doing? He is eating dinner. When do you want to go?
Let 's go at six o 'clock.
What is he waiting for? He is
waiting for a bus. Who are they
talking with? They are talking
with Miss Wu.
他正在干什么？ 他正在吃饭。

你想什么时候去？ 让我们六点钟去吧。

他正在等什么？ 他正在等公交车。

他们正在和谁说话？ 他们正在和 Miss Wu 说话。

你们正在谈论什么？ 我们正在谈论天气 他们都正在去上学。

这儿是一些我的照片。

些肉。

（some of meat 不可数，故用 is ） 谢谢你帮我买这本书 family 家；家庭。

强调“整体”，是单数；强调“成员”时，是复数。

他们家有一个淋浴 他全家在看电视。

What are you talking about ? We are talking about the weather. They
are all going to school. Here are
some of my photos. Here is some
of meat. 这儿是
Thank you for helping me buy this book.
His family has a shower.
His family are watching TV.
6、some others--- 一些．．．．．另外一些．．．．．
one ..... the others ......... . 一个....另一个....（两者之间（可用于写作文中） Eg: There are many students in the classroom. Some are writing, others
are reading.
7、 put on 穿上（动作） wear 穿着（状态）
Eg: Tom is putting on his coat now.
8、 on the beach 在沙滩上
Eg: Tom and his family are playing on the beach at this moment.
9、 this group of people 这一群人 二．重点句型
1．How is the weather? 天气怎么样？
It 's rainy.
三．重难点解析
1、询问天气情况的句式： （ 横线内容可替换 ）
① How is the weather in Beijing? （How is the weather today?）
② What 's the weather like in Beijing? （ What 's the weather like today?） 2、回答上面问题的句式：
①It ' s + adj.（ 形容词） Eg: It ' s windy.
3、 How ' s it going （with you ）?
① Not bad. ② Great! ③ Terrible! ④ Pretty good.
4、 Thank you for join ing CCTV ' s Around The Word show.
5、 I am surprised they can play in this heat.
Unit7 What does he look like?
．短语
1、look like 看起来像
2、 curly /short/straight/long hair 卷／短／直发
3、 medium height/build 中等高度／身体
4、 a little bit 一点儿…
5、 a pop singer 一位流行歌手
6、 h ave a new look 呈现新面貌
8、 t he captain of the basketball team 篮球队队长
9、 be popular with sb 为……所喜爱
二．本单元的重点句：
1、Is that your friend?
No, it isn ' t.
2、What does she look like?
3、I think I know her. （ I don ' t think I know her.）
4、Wang Lin is the captain of the basketball team. 三．重难点解析
1、What does/ do + 主语 + look like? 询问某人的外貌特征，看上去什么样？ Eg: 10、 s top to do sth 11、 s top doing sth 1
2、 t ell jokes/ stories 1
3、 have fun do ing sth 停下来去做某事
停止正在做的事情 讲
笑话 / 讲故事 愉
快地做某事 14、 remember （ forget ） to do sth
15、 remember （forget ） doing sth
16、 o ne of …… ……中的一个 记得（忘记）做某事（没有做的） 记得（忘记）做过某事（已做）
What does your friend look like?
2、形容头发时，可按照先长短，后曲直，最后说颜色的顺序说。

Eg: She has long curly black hair.
3、one of + 名词复数，谓语动词要用“单三”形式。

Eg: One of his friends is a worker.
4、不定代词做主语时，谓语动词要用“ 单三”形式。

修饰不定代词词，应该放在
它的后面．
Eg: I can go shopping and nobody know s me.
5、He is…（通常为形容词，包括身高、体形等）
He has—（通常为形容词修饰的名词，包括头发、五官）
He wears…（穿、戴、留。

可以是衣服、帽子、鞋子等，也可以是眼镜、手表、胡须）
6、I don 't think …（think 的否定回答）的用法表达否定的看法
Unit 8 I ＇d like some noodles
一．短语
1. beef and tomato noodles \noodles with beef and tomato 牛肉西红柿面chicken
and cabbage noodles mutton and potato noodles
tomato and egg noodles beef and carrot noodles
2. would like to do sth \want to do sth 想要作某事
3. what kind of noodles 什么种类的面条
4. what size bowl of noodles 什么大小碗型的面
5. a large \medium'small bowl of noodles 大\中\小碗的面
二.重点句型
1. What kind of vegetables\meat\ drink food would you like?
I'd like ……
I 'd like chicken and cabbage noodles.
2. What kind of noodles would you like?
I'd like beef noodles.
3. What kind of noodles would you like?
I 'd like chicken and cabbage noodles.
4. What size bowl \plate of noodles would you like?
I 'd like a large \ medium\ small bowl noodles .
5. What size cake would you like?
I would like a small birthday-cake.
三．重难点解析
1．would like 想要(表示一种委婉的语气)其用法相当于want.
would like + 名词would like an apple (want an apple) would like to do sth
He would like to play soccer.
---- W ould you like to see the dolphins?
---- Yes, I 'd like to.
( 1)would 是情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，可与人称代词缩写为' d, 与其它情态动词一样可帮助完成疑问句和否定句。

(你能举出例子吗？) 我想要些牛肉。

I 'd like some beef.
她想去打乒乓球。

She would like to play ping-pong. (你能变否定句和疑问句吗？)
(2) Would you like sth.? 是提建议的一种句型，如需用一些，用some而不
用any.
肯定回答是：Yes, please./ All right./ Yes./OK.
其否定回答是：No, thanks.
2．What kind of noodles would you like?
kind 在此句中作“种类”讲，a kind of 一种，all kinds of 各种各样的。

kind of 有几分
如: A cat is a kind of animal.
There are all kinds of animals in the zoo
The cat is kind of smart.
Unit 9 How was your weekend?
一．短语
1. play + 运动如：play soccer play tennis play sports
play the + 乐器如：play the guitar play with…和某人\物玩耍
2．have +三餐have breakfast \lunch \ supper
3．go shopping\do some shopping \go to the shop 买东西
4. last weekend \over the weekend 上周末on weekends 每周末
5．on +某日＋morning\afternoon\evening in + morning\afternoon\evening in+年\月\季节at + 时刻last (n ext) month、year'week
6. what about ＋pren=how about ……呢
7. spend the weekend last week 度过上周的周末
8. it ' s time to do sth = it ' s time for sth 该做么的时候了
9. look for 寻找...
二，重点句型和语法
1. 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态, 通常与过去的时间状语连用: yesterday ,last week(month,year)
(1) 系动词be 的过去时：am(is) —was, are —were
陈述句：He was at home yesterday.
否定句：He wasn' t at home yesterday.
Unit 10 Where did you go on vacation?
二．重点句子和注意事项
1．Where did you go on vacation?
I went to summer camp.
2． have fun doing something 干某事有乐趣
= enjoy on eself doing someth ing
如： We have fun learning and speaking English . We enjoy ourselves learning and speaking English . 我们学英语有很多乐趣 ．
5． find sb. doing sth. 发现某人 在干 某事 find sb. do sth. 发现某人 干过 某事 如： I find him reading the novel （ 小说） .
I found him go into the room .
6． corner 角落，角，拐角处
in the corner 在角落里（指在建筑物里面）
疑问句： Was he at home yesterday?
Yes ,he was./No ,he wasn t.
（ 2）行为动词的一般过去时 : 陈述句：主语 +动词过去式 +其
它
I go to the movie. f I went to the movie.
否定句：主语+助动词didn ' t+动词原形+其它
I don ' t go to school today. f I didn ' t go to school. 一般疑问
句： Did + 主语+动词原形 +其它
Do you have breakfast? f Did you have breakfast?
Yes,I do./No,I don ' t. Yes,I did./No,I didn ' t.
3）规则动词的过去式变化规则
变化规则 例词
① 一般在词尾加— ed. 如：
play f played
② 以不发音的 e 结尾的，只加 --d.
如： like f liked love f loved
③ 以辅音字母 +y 结尾的，变 y 为 i , 再加— ed.
如： study f studied carry f carried
④ 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加 -ed 如： stop f stopped 动词不规则变化：
plan f planned
do f did see f saw give f gave write f wrote have f had read f read sleep f slept find_---found
go f went
get f got eat
f ate
at the corner 在拐角处（指在建筑物外面或道路的拐角）
如: My bike is at the corn er .
7. be lost 迷路了= get lost , lost （adj.）如：The girl was lost in the big city .
8. help sb. （to） do sth. = help sb for sth 帮助某人干某事
如：He always helps us learn English
9. make sb. do sth. 让／使某人干某事
let / have sb. do sth. do 前不带to
如：The movie makes me relaxing.
Let the boy do his homework alone.
10. feel+ adj. 感到...
如：I feel hungry / tired /happy / excited
11. decide to do sth. 决定干某事
如：They decided to go to Hainan on vacation.
Uint 11 What do you think of game shows?
二.重点句型
1. What do you think of soap operas?
I can't stand them.
2. What do you think of sports shows?
I don't mind them.
3. What does she think of "Hilltop High"?
She doesn't like it.
三.重难点解析
1. wear （v. 动词） " 穿，戴，佩" 。

根据不同宾语，翻译不同的汉语意思。

wear earrings 戴耳环wear a dress 穿连衣裙wear a watch 戴手表wear a beard 蓄胡子wear long hair 留长发
2. think " 想，考虑，思索" （v. 动词）可以和许多介词搭配，组成新的意思。

A：think of " 考虑"；"有... 的看法" ，有时等于think about.
如：What does he think of Beijing Opera? 他对京剧有什么看法？
think highly of sb. /sth. 对某人或某物评价甚高
如：Mr Black thinks highly of his son. 布莱克先生对他儿子评价甚高。

B：think about " 考虑" （指计划，观念，看它是否相宜、可行）
如：He is thinking about going to China. 他正在考虑去中国。

3. too 与either 的区别
too" 也" ，表示肯定意义，与肯定的表达方法连用；而either" 也不" ，表示
否定意义，与否定的表达方法连用。

（1）—My brother likes to play soccer. 我哥哥喜欢踢足球。

—I do, too. 我也是（喜欢）。

（2）—My brother doesn't like to play soccer. 我哥哥不喜欢踢足球。

—I don't, either. 我也不喜欢。

also 也可以表示" 也" ，但一般情况下，too 和either 放在句子之后，also 放在动词之前。

如：We also love talk shows. 我们也喜欢访谈节目。

4. a thirteen - year - old boy 一个十三岁的男孩此结构中，year 用单数形式，且用
连字符，这种结构用作定语。

女口： a five - mo nth old baby 一个五个月大的婴儿
5. enjoy （v. 喜爱，享受）
enjoy 后面接名词、代词或动名词，注意与like/ love 用法的区别。

like/ love 还可以接动词不定式（to do ）。

如：I enjoy the soap operas. 我喜爱肥皂剧。

I enjoy watching the soap operas. 我喜爱看肥皂剧。

但我们不能说：I enjoy to watch the soap operas. 只能说：I like / love to watch the soap operas.
6. mind 表示"介意，反对"的意思时，通常用在疑问句、否定句中。

如：Would you mind opening the window? 请你打开窗子好不好？
He doesn't mind the cold weather at all. 他一点都不在乎寒冷的天气。

多用于以下句型：（表示请求或征求意见）后接动名词/ 名词/ 代词。

Would you mind （doing） ...? Do you mind （doing） ...?
7. stand 表示忍受（多用于否定句、疑问句）
如：He can't stand the hot weather. 他忍受不了炎热的天气。

Can you stand the pain? 你忍受得了疼吗？
9. What do you think of ...? 你认为... 怎么样？（谈论对某事物的喜好程度）可选择的回答有：
（1）I like it. （2）I don't mind it. （3）I don't like it.
Unit 12 Don't eat in class. 二．重点句型
1. Don' t arrive late for school = Don t be late for school
2. Don' t run in the hallways .
3. Don' t smoke. It ' s bad for your health.
4. Make the bed.
5. Can we ..... ? Yes ,we can. No, we can ' t.
Eg:Can we arrive late for class ?
No, we can ' t. We can ' t arrive late for class. 三．重难点解析：
1. 情态动词have to 的用法，意思是" 必须、不得不"，它侧重于客观上的必要和外
界的权威。

（1）结构：主语＋have to ＋动词原形＋其他
（一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数时，用has to ；句子是过去时，用had to. ）如：We have to wear sneakers for gym class.
在体育课上，我们必须穿运动鞋。

Tom has to practice the guitar every day. 汤姆每天必须练习弹吉它。

I had to get up at 5:00 am last Monday. 上周一，我不得不早上5 点起床。

（2）否定形式：主语＋don't have to ＋动词原形＋其他（一般现在时，主语是第
三人称单数时，用doesn't have to. 句子是过去时，用didn't have to ）
如：Nick doesn't have to wear a uniform. 尼克不必穿制服。

We didn't have to do our homework at once. 我们不必马上完成作业。

（3）疑问句：Do （Does或Did）+主语+ have to +动词原形+其他
如：Do you have to stay at home on weekends? 周末你必须呆在家里吗？
Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 是的，我必须。

不，我不必。

Did he have to go to bed by 11:00 last night?
昨晚，他不得不11 点前上床睡觉吗？
2. 情态动词can 的用法
（1）表示能力，" 会"" 能" （在第一册中已经学习这种用法）
如：Can you play the guitar? 你会弹吉它吗？
（2）表示允许、许可，" 可以" 、"能"（在这一课中新学的词义）
如：Canthe students run in the hallways? 学生们可以在走廊上跑吗？注意：同样是情态动词，can 和have to 的用法是有区别的，和大部分情态动词一样，can 在否定句中，直接在can后加上not,在疑问句中，把can 放到主语前面，并且没有人称和数的变化。

4 . be in bed " 在床上、卧床"in和bed之间不能用冠词,bed也不用复数。

如：He is in bed for 10 years. 他卧床10 年了。

Dave has to be in bed early every night. 大卫每晚必须很早睡觉。

5 No talking ! " 禁止交谈！"no 后面加上名词或动名词（doing ）也表示不要
做某事。

与don't +do 的用法相似。

如：No wet umbrellas! / Don't put wet umbrellas here! 禁止放湿雨伞！
No food! Don't eat food here! 禁止吃食物！
6 语法（祈使句）
祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、号召或者劝告等的句子，这类句子的主语常是第二人称you,也就是听话者，因而you常省去了。

祈使句的开头是动词原形。

女口：Look out! 小心！Wait here for me! 在这等我！
Be sure to come here on time! 务必准时来到这里！祈使句的否定形式多以do not （常缩写成don't ）开头，再加上动词原形。

如：Don't arrive late for school. 上学别迟到。