chapter4.ppt [自动保存的]
Chapter 4.International Business Cooperation ppt
Word study
oscillate (para.1)v. to swing back and forth with a steady, uninterrupted rhythm.持续周期 性地摆动:以稳定的、不间断的节奏来回摇摆 ambivalence (para.1)n. the coexistence of opposing attitudes or feelings, such as love and hate, toward a person, an object, or an idea.矛盾情绪,双重人格:对人、对物或对观点的 相对立态度或感情的共存,如爱和恨 affiliate(para.2)n. a person, an organization, or an establishment associated with another as a subordinate, subsidiary, or member.成员, 分支机构:作为部属、副手或成员与其他人、其它组 织或其它机构发生联系的人、组织或机构
Japan‟s lack of enthusiasm for outsourcing to China is due to the concern over anti-Japanese sentiment and the desire to protect their intellectual property and to a belief that manufacturing remains a core Japanese competency. It‟s not because Japan is short of capital. It is because the government recognizes that inviting in foreign firms is an indirect means of promoting reform, by exposing sleepy Japanese firms, particularly in the service sector, to a dose of competition. Foreign firms need to understand the local market but must also carefully craft a strategy for the Japanese market. Foreign firms are essentially targets of learning for Japanese firms. They can bring in new ideas which are then assimilated to the Japanese firms.
胡壮麟语言学课件Chapter_4_gram
The internal syntax of a construction is really a description of the construction‟s “make-up”, with the terms such as “subject, predicate, object, determiner, noun”.
8
It also refers to groups of more than one word which may be jointly substitutable grammatically for a single word of a particular set.
9
This is what Saussure called ASSOCIATIVE relations, or in Hjemslev's term, PARADIGMATIC relations. To make it more understandable, they are called VERTICAL relations or CHOICE relations.
3
1.1 Positional Relation
For language to fulfill its communicative function, it must have a way to mark the grammatical roles of the various phrases that can occur in a clause. The boy kicked the ball NP1 NP2 Subject Object
In the context of discourse/text analysis, construction refers to a token of a constructional type. The sentence The girl is giggling is recognised as “Subject + Predicate” type, but it is realized in a string The + girl + is +
Chapter4.ppt
4th Ed Chapter 4 - 9
Data Member Declaration
<modifiers>
<data type> <name> ;
Modifiers
Data Type
Name
private
String
ownerName ;
Note: There’s only one modifier in this example.
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
4th Ed Chapter 4 - 13
The Account Class
class Account { private String ownerName; private double balance; balance = bal; public Account( ) { ownerName = "Unassigned"; balance = 0.0; } public void add(double amt) { balance = balance + amt; } public void deduct(double amt) { balance = balance - amt; } public double getCurrentBalance( ) { return balance; } public String getOwnerName( ) { return ownerName; } } public void setOwnerName (String name) { ownerName = name; } } public void setInitialBalance (double bal) {
语言学第四章 ppt课件
性关系
语言学第四章
• EX:
• The _______ smiles.
•
man
•
boy
•
girl
语言学第四章
4.1.2 Relation of Substitutability
• 替代关系 • The Relation of Substitutability
• , and Paradigmatic Relations (聚合关系) by Hjemslev(丹麦语言学家,哥本哈根学派的 创始人和主要理论家 ).To make it more understandable, they are called Vertical Relations(垂直关系) or Choice Relations.
语言学第四章
On the level of syntax, we distinguish for any construction in a language its external and internal properties.
The external syntax of a construction refers to the properties of the construction as a whole, that is to say, anything speakers know about the construction that is relevant to the larger syntactic contexts in which it is welcome.
语言学第四章
Any syntactic string of words ranging from sentences over phrasal structures to certain complex lexemes.(词的单位)
商务英语阅读 Chapter 4.International Business Cooperation ppt
Part of the reason is regulatory hangover from the post-war period. The Japanese firms have been so busy with the domestic crisis that they have forgotten to remain connected with the rest of the world.
There are several options for Japanese firms: to achieve global scale through domestic and foreign acquisitions, to move into high-value specialist products, to adopt a regional strategy focusing on Asian market, to form a global alliance with a foreign firm.
The links between policies are even significant in terms
of the world’s financial and capital markets, as witnessed everyday when the reverberations on any one stock market are felt across the globe. At the
Chapter 4 International Business
信号与系统张晔版第四章ppt
L[u(t)] est dt est 1
0
s
s
0
u(t) 1 s
(2) 单边指数信号 f (t) eatu(t)
延时信号
→ 对比傅里叶变换? 双边
L[eat ] eat est dt e(as)t 1
0
as
as
0
eat u(t) 1 sa
( a)
哈尔滨工业大学图象与信息技术研究所
L f (t t0 )u(t t0 ) F (s)est0
→
L
f
(at
t0 )u(at
t0 )
1 a
F
s a
e
s a
t0
(2) 先尺度、后平移
L
f
(at)u(at)
1 a
F
s a
→
L
f
(at
t0 )u(at
t0 )
1 a
F
s a
e
s a
t0
哈尔滨工业大学图象与信息技术研究所
4.2.6 时域微分特性
推而广之:
L
d n f (t)
dt n
sn F (s)
n 1 r 0
snr 1
f
(r) (0)
式中
f
(r)
(0)是r阶导数
d
r f (t) dt r
在0-时刻的取值。特别是,如果它们都为0,则
L
df (t dt
)
sF
(s)
L
d
2f dt
(t
2
)
s2F(s)
i 1
i 1
在应用中,可实现复杂信号的分解。
4.2.2 时域平移特性
Chapter 4 .ppt
Budgeted Manufacturing Overhead Rate
6.
Compute the indirect costs allocated to the job:
Budgeted Allocation Rate x Actual Base Activity For the Job
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 4-11
7. Compute total job costs by adding all direct and indirect costs together.
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 4-6
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 4-7
Actual
costing—allocates: Costing—allocates:
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 4-13
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 4-14
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 4-15
英语写作基础教程Chapter 4 PPT
Exercise
A. in addition B. for example C. in fact D. also E. furthermore Teachers of foreign languages should be extremely well-qualified in order to carry out their duties properly. ___(1)__, a teacher should possess a minimum of a graduate degree from a certified education school or institute if he is to teach high school or below. Besides the academic degree, teachers should not consider teaching only as an occupation for earning money; they should __(2)__ be interested in teaching. ___(3)___, it was necessary that teachers be knowledgeable in their major fields. They should be skillful as well. _(4)__, the language teacher must know the target language well enough to be imitated by his students. Proficiency in the target language includes fours skills: understanding, speaking, reading, and writing. A teacher should know the linguistic facts of the language of the students in order to understand the problems they will have in learning the target language. __(5)__, the teacher must be familiar with audio-lingual techniques. Knowing all this will help the students to learn correctly and quickly.
外教社中国概况(英文版)PPT课件CHAPTER 4
of Daoism, practiced Dao in Huming Mountain,
Sichuan Province.
The Book of Dao
He composed The Book of Dao, with 24 chapters in it, and regarded Lao Zi as the original master.
They have created different forms of exercises for physical and breathing training to enhance health preservation.
Dao
the direct root for some of China’s traditional medicine, Qigong and martial arts, and are still very popular today.
of all things in the world.
“Dao” initially produced P• rthime PeurQe Mi icrocosmic Heaven; the Yu’s Surplus
Heaven; the Great Vermilion Heaven
“One Prime Qi Transforms into Three P• uDroicttireinse”s of Taoism kept evolving and the celestial
II
Daoism
Daoism
a religion originated in China
It was established in the Eastern Han Dynasty, but its origin was from much earlier.
PPT chapter4
第四章 需求管理、订单管理和顾客服务
This chapter discusses two key issues:
(1) How an organization determines what the customer wants, which refers to Demand management
需求管理是沿着供应链和市场的一条协调的需求流的 创造。它的一个主要元素是需求(销售)预测。
南昌工程学院 《现代物流管理基础》
第一节 需求管理
Demand Management
In what situation, demand (sales) forecasting is more helpful?
(1) The situation at hand For instance: Apple Corporation’s initial sales estimates for the iPod in 2001. iPod: a portable digital audio player. Do you know this product?
Simple moving averages
Weighted moving averages cause and effect Simple regression
Multiple regression 南昌工程学院 《现代物流管理基础》
第一节 需求管理
1 Demand forecasting models
主观判断预测适用于数据有限或无历史数据的情,包括 调研和类比预测技术。 时间序列预测的基本假设是未来需求仅由过去需求决定。 简单移动平均和加权移动平均都是时间序列预测方法。 南昌工程学院 《现代物流管理基础》
chapter 4.ppt.Convertor
CHAPTER 4Ball Games(Ⅱ)球类运动(2)Unit 1-31Unit 1 Tennis 网球Part 1 Words and Expressions 词汇注释ace 得分的发球baseline 底线common 共同的flat-shot 平击球net-ball 落网球prestigious 享有声望的,声望很高的rotation 转动serve 发球smash 抽球/旋转球/削球torso 躯体,躯干Wimbledon 温布尔登backhand return 反手回球2close match 势均力敌的比赛forehand ground stroke 正手击触地球forehand storke 正手击球Grand Slam tournament 大满贯锦标赛racquet sport 球拍运动spectator sport 吸引许多工作的体育比赛tennis racquet/racket 球拍titanic battle 耗时长,激烈的比赛volley/low volley 截击空中球/低截球3补充词汇service box 发球区double-fault 双误,两次罚球失误line/high/low ball 触线球/高球/低球long/short shot 长球/短球low/flat drive 抽低球/平抽球let 触网重发ground stroke 击触地球love game 一方得零分的一句service line/server 发球线/发球员fore/back court 前/后场ad in (server’s advantage,break point)发球优势,破发点ad out(receive’s advantage,game point)接球优势4Part 2 Model Sentences 常用句型1.Tennis is considered to be the most popular racque sport in the West.在西方,网球被认为是最受欢迎的球拍运动。
chapter 4 Managing in a global environmentPPT课件
Doing Business Globally
• Describe the three stages organizations go through as they go global.
• Define exporting, importing, licensing, and franchising.
• Describe global strategic alliances, joint ventures, and foreign subsidiaries.
பைடு நூலகம்
Managing in a Global Environment
• Explain how the global legal-political environment affects managers.
• Discuss the challenges of doing business globally in today’s world.
Copyright © 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. *
4–5
Managing in a Global Environment
Copyright © 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. *
4–2
L E A R N I N G O U T L I N E (cont’d)
Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter.
• Describe the effect of the global economic environment on managers.
七年级英语上册 CHAPTER FOUR The world of numbers课件 深圳牛津版
4 a fraction (分数)
A fraction is the exact division of a number. eg. ½ : one half
2/3: two thirds ¼ a quarter 1/10 one tenth Read the following: 3/5, 6/11, 1/8
5 plus , add (加) 2+5=7 Two plus five is seven. Two and five is seven. Two added to five is seven. 3+ 12 =? What is 3 plus twelve?
Read the following: 25 + 24 = 49 30 + 12 = ?
failed many times. 9. If you _s_u_b_t_r_a_c_t_8 from 16, you get 8. 10. Our country is more _p_o_w__e_r_f_u_l_than before. 11.If you _d_i_v_i_d_e___ 28 by 7, the answer is 4. 12. The committee c_o__n_s_is_t_s__of ten members.
2× 3 =6 Two times three is six. Two and three multiply makes six. Two multiplied by three makes 6.
Read the following: 16 × 4 = 64 5 × 3 = 15
南京理工大学机械原理chapter4Planarlinkagemechanismppt课件
C
2
B
3
1 4
A
D
Unbalanced throw screen mechanism 惯性筛机构
平行四边形机构:Parallel-crank Mechanism
正平行四边形机构如天平称、机车联动机构、摄影 平台升降机构和播种料斗机构等。两曲柄等速转动
Antiparallel-crank Mechanism 反平行四边形机构:两对杆长度相等,但不平行。 当以长边为机架时,两曲柄等速反向转动。用于 车门开闭机构,如图所示。
(1)Replacing a revolute pair with a sliding pair
Slider-crank mechanism 曲柄滑块机构 (偏距e)
e≠0, Offset slider-crank mechanism 偏置曲柄滑块机构
e=0, Centric slider-crank mechanism 对心曲柄滑块机构
(a) Crank-rocker mechanism Foot operated sewing machine
雷达天线俯仰机构
(b) Double-crank mechanism
If one crank rotates at a constant speed, the other crank will rotate in the same direction at a varying(变化的) speed. 当主动曲柄匀速转动时,从动曲柄作变速转动。
c)crank and oscillating block mechanism摇块机构 Self-tipping vehicle自卸车辆
d)translating sliding-rod mechanism 移动导杆机构或定块机构
英美概况 英国部分 第四章ppt Chapter 4
New words
prosperity: n. the state of being successful, especially financially 兴旺; 繁荣;成功;昌盛 — The new government ushered in a period of prosperity. 新政府的成立带来了 一个繁荣的时期。
New words
optical: adj. connected with the sense of sight or the relationship between light and sight 视力的;视觉的;光学的 — I thought I saw a ghost but it was just an optical illusion. 我以为我看见鬼了, 其实只是一种幻觉。
outlet: n. a shop/store or an organization that sells goods made by a particular company or of a particular type 专营店;经销店 — This cosmetics firm has 34 outlets in Britain. 这家化妆品公司在英国有34个经销店。
New words
delinquency: n. nonpayment of a debt when due逾期债款 — Delinquency is failure to pay a debt or tax. 逾期债款是指未按时偿还债务或税款。
default: n. failure to do something that must be done by law, especially paying a debt 违约(尤指未偿付债务) — I default on the installment payment. 我没有付分期应付的款。
城市生态学——chapter4城市人口PPT共76页
41、学问是异常珍贵的东西,从任何源泉吸 收都不可耻。——阿卜·日·法拉兹
城市生态学——chapter4城 市人口
41、实际上,我们想要的不是针对犯 罪的法 律,而 是针对 疯狂的 法律。 ——马 克·吐温 42、法律的力量应当跟随着公民,就 像影子 跟随着 身体一 样。— —贝卡 利亚 43、法律和制度必须跟上人类思想进 步。— —杰弗 逊 44、人类受制于法律,法律受制于情 理。— —托·富 勒
42、只有在人群中间,才能认识自 己。——德国人所说的话,则需要头脑。—— 玛丽·佩蒂博恩·普尔
44、卓越的人一大优点是:在不利与艰 难的遭遇里百折不饶。——贝多芬
45、自己的饭量自己知道。——苏联
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U G U U
如果无功功率平衡:
UG
U
PD j QD
UG
QG QD QL
且 U UN
jX
U
Xd
PD j QD
YD
Eq
图 4-1 电力系统接线图
第二节 电力系统的无功功率平衡与电压的关系
Q
2
2
'
1
C
'
1
Eq
A
'
jI X
1
T 1
T 2 2
26 j130(归算到高压侧 )
S max 20 j15MVA S min 10 j 7.5MVA
图 4-10 输电线路系统
第三节 电力系统电压控制的措施
解
由于发电机首端电压已知,因此可按末端功率来计算输电线路的
假定变压器在最大负荷和最小负荷运行时低压侧的电压分别为
U 2 max 6kV 和 U 2 min 6.6kV ,则
6.3 109.4kV U 1 max 110 5.7 6 .0 6 .3 113 2 . 34 105.6kV U 1 min 6.6
IC 0
U
U
I
U
Q
Q
C
D
1
U
N
2
I LC
Q
L
I
L
U
N
C
L
工作段
I
C
容性 o
(a)
I
感性
(b )
容性 o 感性
(c )
I
图4-5 静止无功功率补偿器工作原理
第二节 电力系统的无功功率平衡与电压的关系
(5)高压输电线路的充电功率 高压输电线的充电功率可以由下式求出:
QL U 2 B L
+10%~-15%;
第二节 电力系统的无功功率平衡与电压的关系
无功功率平衡,即 QG QD QL 电源无功功率:
QG QGi QC1 QC 2 QC 3
Q Gi :发电机供应的无功功率
Q C1 :调相机供应的无功功率
QC 2 : 并联电容器供应的无功功率
由于 较小,可以近似认为 cos 1 ,这样电力系统送 至负荷的无功功率的无功电压特性也近似为二次曲线, 如图 4-2 曲线 2 所示。如果增加 E q ,则将使曲线向上移 动(曲线 2 ' ) 。 曲线 1 与 2 交点 A 就确定了负荷节点的电压值 U U A , 电力系统在此电压水平下可以达到无功功率的平衡。
第一节 电力系统电压控制的意义
电压偏移
实际运行电压偏离额定电压,即称为电压偏移。 表示方式: U U N
U (%) UN 100
我国对电压偏移的规定: 10kV及以下电压供电负荷:±7%; 35kV及以上电压供电负荷:±5%; 低压照明负荷:+5%~-10%;
农村电网:(正常)
(事故)
+7.5%~-10%;
第四章 电力系统电压调整和无功功率控制技术
有功功率与无功功率
电源 有功功率 发电机 分布 发电厂
无功功率
发电机、调相机、电容器、静止无功补偿器 变电所
频率调整与电压调整
调整手段 频率调整 电压调整 有功功率控制 无功功率控制 调整方式 集中 分散 调整目标 全网额定值 各点额定值
第一节 电力系统电压控制的意义
(4-9)
式中 B —输电线路的对地总的电纳;
L
U
—输电线路的实际运行电压。
第三节 电力系统电压控制的措施
UG
1 : K1
K2 :1 U B P jQ
R jX
图 4-6 电力系统电压控制原理图
用户端的电压为:
U B U G K1 U K 2 U G K 1
PR QX K2 UN
式中, K 1 和 K 2 分别为升压和降压变压器的变比;R 和 X 分别 为变压器和输电线路的总电阻和总电抗。
第三节 电力系统电压控制的措施
要想控制和调整负荷点的电压,可以采取以下的控制方式: ①控制和调节发电机励磁电流,以改变发电机端电压 U G ; ②控制变压器变比 K 1 及 K 2 调压; ③改变输送功率的分布 P jQ (主要是 Q ) ,以使电压损耗 减小; ④改变电力系统网络中的参数 R jX (主要是 X) ,以减小 输电线路电压的损耗。
第三节 电力系统电压控制的措施
例 输电系统如图 4-10 所示,降压变压器变比为110 2 2.5% / 11kV ,变压器 励磁支路和输电线路对地电容均被忽略,节点 1 归算到高压侧的电压为 118kV,且维持不变,负荷端低压母线电压要求保持为 10.5KV,试确定受端 装设如下的无功功率补偿设备容量:①电容器;②同步调相机。
U
A
o
U A U A
U
I
U
图4-3 电力系统向量图
图4-2 电力系统和无功功率电压的静态特性
第二节 电力系统的无功功率平衡与电压的关系
由电力系统送至负荷无功功率的无功电压特性曲线可以由如下方法获得。 由 图 4-l 画出其相应的向量图,如图 4-3 所示。由图可知
P UI cos U
S1min S min S min 10 j 7.5 0.34 j1.68 10.3 j9.18MVA
第三节 电力系统电压控制的措施
利用首端功率求出最大负荷时降压变压器归算到高压侧的低压母线电压:
U
' 2 max
U1
21.34 26 9.18 130 P1 max R Q1 max X 118 89.37kV 118 U1
C
U U 2 C QC XC
2
(4-6)
式中 X C —电容器的容抗;
—交流电的角频率;
C—电容器的电容量。
第二节 电力系统的无功功率平衡与电压的关系
(4)静止无功功率补偿器(Static VAR Compensator,简称 SVC) 在正常额定电压 U N 情况下 I L
Q
i
QC 3 : 静止补偿器供应的无功功率
第二节 电力系统的无功功率平衡与电压的关系
无功功率损耗:
QL
QT Q X QB
QT :变压器中的无功功率损耗(属感性) Q X :线路电抗中的无功功率损耗(属感性)
Q B :线路电纳中的无功功率损耗(属容性)
第二节 电力系统的无功功率平衡与电压的关系
第三节 电力系统电压控制的措施
例 图 4-8 所示为降压变压器,变压器参数及负荷、分抽头已标明,高 压侧最大负荷时的电压为 110V,最小负荷时的电压为 113V,相应的负 荷低压母线允许电压上下限为 6 ~6.6kV,试选择变压器分接抽头。
31.5MVA 110 ~ 113KV 110 2 2.5% / 6.3KV
电压和频率一样,都是电能质量的重要指标。 电压降低的不良影响:
1.
2. 3. 4. 5.
减少发电机所发有功功率。 异步电动机的转差率将增大,电流也将增大,温升将增加。 当转差增大、转速下降时,其输出功率将迅速减少。 电动机的启动过程将大为增加,启动过程温度过高。 电炉等电热设备的发热量降低。 危及电力系统运行的稳定性。
110 10 规格化后,取 110+0%分接抽头,即 K 11
第三节 电力系统电压控制的措施
按最大负荷求电容器补偿容量 Q C :
' U 2C max U 2C max 2 QC U 2C max K X X
②由公式(4-28)可得到
K 10.5 89.37 2 10.5 105.61 9.54 2 2 2 10.5 10.5
S max 28 j14MVA S min 10 j6MVA
2.44 j 40(归算到高压侧)
RT j X T
图 4-8 降压变压器及其等值电路
第三节 电力系统电压控制的措施
解 首先计算最大负荷和最小负荷时变压器的电压损耗:
28 2.44 14 40 U T max 5.7 kV 110 10 2.44 6 40 U T min 2.34kV 113
第三节 电力系统电压控制的措施
一、 发电机控制调压
控制同步发电机的励磁电流,可以改变发电机的端电压
二、 控制变压器变比调压
调整分接抽头的位置可以控制变压器的变比 三绕组变压器分接抽头的选择可以按如下方法来考虑:三绕组 变压器一般在高压、中压绕组有分接抽头可供选择,而低压侧是没 有分接抽头的。一般可先按高压、低压侧的电压要求来确定高压侧 的分接抽头;再由所选定的高压侧分接抽头,来考虑中压侧的电压 要求,最后选择中压侧的分接抽头。
所以
IX cos E q sin U X X
U Eq P sin X q Q UI sin U U X X
第二节 电力系统的无功功率平衡与电压的关系
即
Q U ( E q cos U ) X
(4-5)
(1)同步发电机 同步发电机目前是电力系统中惟一的有功功率电源,它 又是基本的无功功率电源。 (2)同步调相机及同步电动机 同步调相机是特殊运行状态下的同步电动机,可视为不带 有功负荷的同步发电机或是不带机械负荷的同步电动机。
第二节 电力系统的无功功率平衡与电压的关系