过去将来时专项练习(1)

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英语过去将来时专题练习(及答案)

英语过去将来时专题练习(及答案)一、单项选择过去将来时1．The local government announced that only when the fire was under control ________ to return to their homes.A．the residents would be allowed B．had the residents been allowedC．would the residents be allowed D．the residents had been allowed【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查Only引导的部分倒装句。

Only引导的倒装句要满足两个条件，only放在句首，且强调的是状语。

本题only放在了后面句子的句首，强调是是时间状语从句when the fire was under control。

故使用部分倒装的形式。

句意：当地政府宣布，只有当大火被控制住以后，据居民们才可以返回家中。

故C正确。

考点：考查部分倒装句点评：部分倒装中考查较多的有：(1) 含有否定意义的词never，seldom，little. hardly，not，scarcely，nowhere，by no means(决不)等置于句首时。

(2)以only修饰作为状语的副词、介词短语或从句，且放在句首时。

注意：only 修饰状语从句放在句首时，状语从句不需要倒装，只能倒装主句部分。

(3)当so置于句首意为“也如此”，neither，nor置于句首意为“也不”时。

当so表示对前句内容的肯定和附和，译作“确实，正是”时，用自然语序。

(4)当not only…but also, so／such…that, not… until, no sooner… than, hardly… when等连词置于句首时。

(5)在as引导的让步状语从句中(名词／形容词/副词／动词+as+主谓结构)。

过去将来时练习题及答案

过去将来时练习题及答案在学习英语的过程中，时态是一个非常重要的部分。

除了现在时和过去时，我们还需要学习将来时。

而在将来时中，还有一个特殊的时态叫做过去将来时。

过去将来时用于表示在过去某个时间点所做过的计划、安排或者预测。

下面是一些关于过去将来时的练习题及答案，帮助大家更好地理解和掌握这个时态。

练习题一：根据句子的意思，用适当的动词的过去将来时填空。

1. I thought he ___________ (arrive) at 6 PM yesterday, but he arrived at 7 PM.2. She promised she ___________ (buy) me a gift last week, but she forgot.3. We expected it ___________ (rain) yesterday, but it didn't.4. He told me he ___________ (call) me last night, but he didn't.5. They said they ___________ (visit) their grandparents today, but they changed their plans.答案：1. would arrive2. would buy3. would rain4. would call5. would visit练习题二：改写下列句子，使用适当的动词的过去将来时。

1. I think he will finish the project by tomorrow.2. She hopes she can attend the party next week.3. We believe they will win the game.4. He says he will come back in two days.5. They expect it will snow tonight.答案：1. I thought he would finish the project by tomorrow.2. She hoped she could attend the party next week.3. We believed they would win the game.4. He said he would come back in two days.5. They expected it would snow tonight.练习题三：根据句子提供的信息，完成下列对话，使用适当的动词的过去将来时。

英语过去将来时专题练习(及答案)含解析

8．I had a discussion with Mr. Baker and hoped he _________ us an early reply.
A．would giveB．giveC．gaveD．had given
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：本句中横线前面使用的是过去式hoped，说明表示的是过去的希望，所以使用过去将来时。句义：我和贝克先生进行了一次讨论，希望他能给我们较早的答复。故A正确。
14．He said that his bike _____ stolen and he _____ telephone the police.
A．was; would have toB．has; will have to
C．has been; will have got toD．had been; would have to
【答案】C
【解析】
考查时态。宾语从句的主句谓语动词是过去式，从句应用过去的某种时态，故B、D排除；又因为汽车被偷，应发生在said之前，故应用过去完成时。
6．When Harry was at college, he ________ go to the reading room after supper every day.
A．will goB．would goC．have goneD．had gone
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：考查宾语从句的时态：主句的时态是过去时said，宾语从句的时态用相应的过去时，时间是the next week，用过去将来时。
考点：考查宾语从句的时态
点评：宾语从句的时态和一般和主句一致，当主句是一般现在时时，宾语从句的时态按具体情况做，但如果主句的时态是过去时的时候，宾语从句的时态用相应的过去时，但是要注意特殊情况，这题就是。

英语过去将来时练习题含解析

英语过去将来时练习题含解析一、单项选择过去将来时1．----Why didn’t you apply for the job?----I ________, but my old friend offered me a better one.A．was going to B．would C．will D．am going to【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查情景交际和时态。

句意：--你为什么没有申请那份工作？--我本打算（申请），但是我的老朋友给我提供了一个更好的。

am/is/are going to表示按照计划、打算、安排要发生的事情，will只是表示纯粹的将来，表示临时的决定。

was/were going to可表示原本打算做某事，其实没有实现。

故选A。

考点：考查情景交际和时态2．—The plane is leaving right now，but Jim hasn’t arrived yet.—Well，he said he________here on time.A．came B．would comeC．can be D．will be【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查时态。

句意：——飞机马上要起飞了，但是吉姆还没有到.——他说过他会准时到这儿。

由答语可知应用过去将来时,故选B。

3．The students were told that they _____ at the school gate at 2:00 the following afternoon. A．met B．will meetC．were to meet D．were met【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查时态的语境运用。

本题意为：学生们被告知将在第二天下午两点在学校大门集合。

从told可以看出这是发生在过去的将来时，排除B选项和A选项，be to do表示将要发生的事情，符合题意。

本题意为：学生们被告知将在第二天下午两点在学校大门集合。

【英语】初中英语过去将来时练习题

【英语】初中英语过去将来时练习题一、初中英语过去将来时1．—What did your son say in the letter?—He told me that he the Disney World the next day.A. will visitB. has visitedC. is going to visitD. would visit【答案】 D【解析】【分析】句意：——你儿子在信中说了什么？——他告诉我他第二天要参观迪斯尼乐园。

A.将参观，一般将来时；B.已经参观，现在完成时；C.将去参观，一般将来时；D.将去参观，过去将来时。

the next day表明是将来时，told表明是过去时，所以用过去将来时，结构是would+动词原形，故选D。

【点评】考查过去将来时，注意平时识记would+动词原形。

2．Tim told us that his company ______ robots to do some of the work.A. usesB. will useC. has usedD. would use【答案】 D【解析】【分析】句意:蒂姆告诉过我，他的公司会使用机器人做工作的一部分。

宾语从句的结构:主语一谓语-连接词一从句。

从句在句中作宾语，从句要用陈述句的语序。

如果主句是一般现在时，从句根据需要选择时态，如果主句是过去时态，从句要用相应的过去时态。

但是从句是客观真理，一般用一般现在时态。

该句主句是过去时态，根据句意可知从句动作还没有发生，所以用过去将来时，故选D。

3．—Would you like to go boating with me?—Sure.________A. I'd likeB. I'd loveC. I'll be gladD. I'd love to【答案】 D【解析】【分析】—你想与我一起去划船吗？—当然，我乐意去。

过去将来时专项练习题

过去将来时专项练习题一、初中英语过去将来时1．—Do you worry about the final exam?—Yes, but Mr. Wang promised that he everything in his power to help us.A. doesB. didC. is doingD. would do【答案】 D【解析】【分析】句意：——你担心期末考试吗？——是的，但是王先生承诺他会尽全力帮助我们。

A.does做，B.did做，C.is doing正在做，D.would do将会做。

根据句子结构可知，此处用了过去将来时，故填入would do，故选D。

【点评】考查了过去将来时，注意would do的用法。

2．—What did your son say in the letter?—He told me that he __________ the Great Wall the next day.A. will visitB. has visitedC. is going to visitD. would visit【答案】 D【解析】【分析】句意:你的儿子在信中说什么?他告诉我他第二天要去参观长城.结合语境可知从句描述的是站在过去角度看将来发生的动作,故用过去将来时态,故选D.【点评】英语中的时态主要是借助于时间状语与上下文语境来进行判断。

解答此类题型，首先要注意句子中的时间状语，如果没有则要通过分析上下文，结合语境来判断句子的时态。

英语疑问句中一般具有时态上的对应关系，注意结合这一特点进行区分。

3．Mr. Wu said he ______ us to the zoo the next week.A. would takeB. will takeC. takeD. takes【答案】 A【解析】【分析】通过分析本句可知，本句是一个宾语从句。

根据next week可知，从句应该将来时，故排除CD；在宾语从句中，主句用过去时，则从句也应该用过去时的某种形式，故用would take。

一般过去将来时练习题及答案

一般过去将来时练习题及答案过去将来时是英语中的一种时态，用来表示过去某个时间点之前已经计划或安排好的未来事件。

下面是一些练习题及答案，帮助你理解和掌握一般过去将来时的用法。

练习题一：将下面的句子改写成一般过去将来时的句子：1. I will go to the supermarket tomorrow.2. She will have a party next week.3. They will watch a movie in the evening.4. He will visit his grandparents next month.5. We will start the project next Monday.答案一：1. I was going to go to the supermarket the next day.2. She was going to have a party the following week.3. They were going to watch a movie in the evening.4. He was going to visit his grandparents the next month.5. We were going to start the project the following Monday.练习题二：根据括号中的动词提示，完成下面的句子：1. We planned to (visit) the museum tomorrow, but it rained.2. She was going to (buy) a new car, but she changed her mind.3. They were going to (have) dinner at the restaurant, but it was too crowded.4. He had already decided to (start) a new business, but he got a better job offer.5. I was going to (meet) him at the airport, but his flight was delayed.答案二：1. We planned to visit the museum the next day, but it rained.2. She was going to buy a new car, but she changed her mind.3. They were going to have dinner at the restaurant, but it was too crowded.4. He had already decided to start a new business, but he got a better job offer.5. I was going to meet him at the airport, but his flight was delayed.练习题三：根据上下文，用合适的动词形式填空：1. Last year, I (plan) to go on a trip to Europe, but I couldn't because of the pandemic.2. They (intend) to start their own business, but they couldn't secure enough funding.3. We (expect) to see you at the party last night, but you didn't show up.4. He (hope) to get a promotion at work, but his performance wasn't up to the mark.5. She (dream) of becoming a famous actress, but she realized it would be a difficult career path.答案三：1. Last year, I had planned to go on a trip to Europe, but I couldn't because of the pandemic.2. They had intended to start their own business, but they couldn't secure enough funding.3. We had expected to see you at the party last night, but you didn't show up.4. He had hoped to get a promotion at work, but his performance wasn't up to the mark.5. She had dreamed of becoming a famous actress, but she realized it would be a difficult career path.以上是一般过去将来时的练习题及答案，希望能够帮助你更好地理解和掌握这个时态的用法。

(英语) 英语过去将来时专题练习(及答案)及解析

3．— Bob, did you go to the film at the weekend?
— I ____, but I remembered I had a lot of homework to do.
A．hadB．wouldC．was going toD．did
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意：--鲍勃，你在周末去看电影了吗？--我本打算去，但是我记得我有很多作业要做。这里表示过去本打算做而没有做，用was/were going to do是一种虚拟语气。所以选C。
考点：考查动词的时态语态。
11．He said that his car________stolen and he________have to telephone the police.
A．was; wouldB．has been; will
C．had been; wouldD．had been; will
考点：考察时态
9．John was given the same suitcase his father and grandfather _______with them to school.
A．tookB．had takenC．were takingD．would take
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考点：考查时态
5．When Harry was at college, he ________ go to the reading room after supper every day.
A．shouldB．might
C．wouldD．could
【答案】C
【解析】
C考察情态动词。句义：Harry上大学的时候，每天晚饭后都要去阅览室。Would表示过去常常，愿意。根据句义可知本句表示的是过去习惯性的动作。故C正确。

过去将来时练习题

过去将来时练习题一、选择题1. 如果他昨晚没有加班，他今天就会去图书馆。

A. If he didn't work overtime last night, he will go tothe library today.B. If he hadn't worked overtime last night, he would go to the library today.C. If he hadn't worked overtime last night, he would have gone to the library today.D. If he didn't work overtime last night, he would have gone to the library today.2. 我本打算去看电影，但后来决定呆在家里。

A. I was going to watch a movie, but I decided to stay at home.B. I was going to watch a movie, but I decided to stay at home in the end.C. I was going to watch a movie, but I decided to stay at home instead.D. I was going to watch a movie, but I decided to stay at home later.3. 如果我没有错过那趟火车，我就能赶上会议。

A. If I didn't miss the train, I would catch the meeting.B. If I hadn't missed the train, I would catch the meeting.C. If I hadn't missed the train, I would have caught the meeting.D. If I didn't miss the train, I would have caught themeeting.二、填空题4. 如果你早点起床，你就_________(赶上)了早班车。

过去将来时专项练习题及答案

过去将来时专项练习题及答案1.She said that she would go to the zoo the next Sunday。

(改写并修正格式)解析：根据时间状语"the next Sunday"可知，动物园还没去，所以要用将来时态，但是因为是间接引语，所以要用过去将来时态，即would go。

2.Mr。

Wu said he would take us to the zoo the next week。

(改写并修正格式)解析：从句表示的是将来的情况，所以要用将来时态，但是因为是间接引语，所以要用过去将来时态，即would XXX。

3.She said she would call me at eight o'XXX。

(改写并修正格式)解析：根据语境可知，下文从句中描述的是站在过去角度看将来发生的动作，所以要用过去将来时态，即would call。

When I was a baby。

my mom used to sing for me afterXXX't understand what she was singing。

but her voice was XXX started singing。

I knew it was time to relax and fall asleep。

Itbecame a habit for both of us。

and even now。

when I hear certain songs。

XXX.解析】【分析】句意：她给了我一个坚定的眼神，那种眼神表明她不会改变主意。

根据语境可知，她的眼神表明她不会改变主意，是一种将来的可能性，故应该用wouldn'XXX表示“不会改变”。

故选C。

点评】考查情态动词would表示将来的可能性。

15．XXX asked the students ______ in class.A。

过去将来时练习题

过去将来时练习题过去将来时是英语中的一种特殊时态，用来表示过去某一时间点或者过去某个过去时间的将来。

虽然这个时态在实际应用中并不常见，但了解和掌握它对于理解英语的时态系统以及进行复合句的写作是非常有帮助的。

下面将给出一些过去将来时的练习题，希望能够帮助大家更好地掌握这一语法知识。

练习题1：1. By the time you arrived, I _______ finished all the work.2. Yesterday, she told me that she _______ leave the company next month.3. They promised that they _______ visit me when they came to town.4. When I saw him, he said he _______ call me later that evening.5. The teacher said that we _______ have a test next week.练习题2：1. I knew that by the end of the day, he _______ complete the project.2. Last week, he said he _______ submit the report by Friday.3. The manager told us that he _______ assign the tasks later in the day.4. She mentioned that she _______ come to see the performance the following week.5. They assured me that they _______ arrive at the hotel before midnight.练习题3：1. Yesterday, I found a note on my desk. It said that by tomorrow, he_______ finish all the translations.2. When I met her at the party, she said she _______ write a book in the coming months.3. In his letter, he wrote that he _______ come to visit us on the weekend.4. The boss informed us that by the end of the year, we _______ open a new branch.5. When I saw him, he mentioned that he _______ attend the conference next week.练习题4：1. Last year, she told me that she _______ get married in the next few years.2. They assured me that by the time we arrived, they _______ prepare everything.3. Yesterday, my friend said that he _______ move to a new city next month.4. The company's CEO mentioned that she _______ retire in five years.5. He promised me that he _______ finish the book by the end of the month.以上是四组关于过去将来时的练习题。

过去将来时练习题及答案

过去将来时练习题及答案过去将来时练习题及答案过去将来时是英语中一个相对较少使用的时态，但它在某些情况下仍然非常有用。

本文将通过一些练习题来帮助读者更好地理解和掌握过去将来时。

练习题一：选择正确的动词形式填空1. By the time you arrived, I _______ already _______ the cake.a) had, bakedb) have, bakedc) will, baked) would, bake2. She said that she _______ the report before the meeting started.a) will finishb) would finishc) finishedd) finishes3. They _______ the project by the end of last month.a) will have completedb) would have completedc) completedd) have completed4. He promised that he _______ the money back by next week.a) will payb) would payc) paidd) pays5. We _______ to the beach for vacation last summer.a) will gob) would goc) wentd) go答案：1. a) had, baked2. b) would finish3. d) have completed4. b) would pay5. c) went练习题二：改写句子，使用过去将来时1. I will call you as soon as I arrive.改写为：I said that I would call you as soon as I arrived.2. She will have finished her homework by the time her parents come home. 改写为：She said that she would have finished her homework by the time her parents came home.3. They will visit their grandparents next month.改写为：They said that they would visit their grandparents next month.4. He will pay the bill before he leaves.改写为：He said that he would pay the bill before he left.5. We will leave for the airport at 8 am tomorrow.改写为：We said that we would leave for the airport at 8 am the next day.练习题三：根据上下文填入适当的动词形式Yesterday, John told me that he _______ (buy) a new car the following week. He _______ (save) money for months and finally _______ (decide) to treat himself. He _______ (do) a lot of research on different car models and _______ (choose) the one that suited his needs best. He _______ (plan) to test drive it before making the final decision. John _______ (be) very excited about his new car and couldn't wait to show it to his friends.答案：1. would buy2. had saved3. decided4. had done5. chose6. planned7. was通过以上练习题，我们可以更好地理解和运用过去将来时。

【初中英语】过去将来时专项练习题及答案详解(1)

必备英语【初中英语】过去将来时专项练习题及答案详解一、初中英语过去将来时1．—Do you worry about the final exam?—Yes, but Mr. Wang promised that he everything in his power to help us.A. doesB. didC. is doingD. would do【答案】 D【解析】【分析】句意：——你担心期末考试吗？——是的，但是王先生承诺他会尽全力帮助我们。

A.does做，B.did做，C.is doing正在做，D.would do将会做。

根据句子结构可知，此处用了过去将来时，故填入would do，故选D。

【点评】考查了过去将来时，注意would do的用法。

解答此类题型，首先要注意句子中的时间状语，如果没有则要通过分析上下文，结合语境来判断句子的时态。

英语疑问句中一般具有时态上的对应关系，注意结合这一特点进行区分。

3．I didn't know when he _____ back. He said he would call me when he _____ home.A. would come, gotB. came, gotC. will come, getsD. came, would get【答案】 B【解析】【分析】句意为：我不知道他什么时候回来。

过去将来时专项练习题及答案

过去将来时专项练习题及答案一、初中英语过去将来时1．She said that she ______to the Zoo the next Sunday.A. will goB. is goingC. would goD. has gone【答案】 C【解析】【分析】句意：她说她下周星期天去动物园。

A.一般将来时；B.一般将来时；C.过去将来时；D.现在完成时。

去动物园还没发生，用将来时，根据时间状语the next Sunday 可知，用过去将来时，would go，故选C。

【点评】考查动词的时态。

注意过去将来时的用法。

2．Mr. Wu said he ______ us to the zoo the next week.A. would takeB. will takeC. takeD. takes【答案】 A【解析】【分析】通过分析本句可知，本句是一个宾语从句。

根据next week可知，从句应该将来时，故排除CD；在宾语从句中，主句用过去时，则从句也应该用过去时的某种形式，故用would take。

所以本题选A。

【点评】对于宾语从句应该注意四点：1、语序：用陈述句语序；2、引导词：A.that B.特殊疑问词 C.if/whether 3、时态：•当主句是一般现在时，从句的时态根据从句的时间变化当主句的时态是过去时时，从句应该用过去的某种时态ƒ当从句表示客观事实或客观真理等时，从句要用一般现在时。

4、人称：根据实际情况变换人称。

而本题只考查了时态。

3．—What did Alice say?—She said she me at eight o'clock tomorrow morning.A. is callingB. was callingC. will callD. would call【答案】 D【解析】【分析】句意：爱丽丝说了什么？——她说她明天上午八点钟给我打电话。

过去将来时练习题及答案

过去将来时练习题及答案过去将来时练习题及答案过去将来时是英语中的一种时态，用来表示在过去某个时间点之前将要发生的动作或事件。

它常常用于叙述过去的计划、打算、预测等。

下面是一些过去将来时的练习题及答案，帮助大家更好地理解和掌握这个时态。

练习题一：1. 昨天下午我告诉你，明天我会去看电影。

2. 他说他会在晚上给你打电话。

3. 昨天他告诉我他会帮我修电脑。

4. 昨天我决定，今天晚上我会去参加聚会。

5. 昨天她对我说，下个月她会去旅行。

答案一：1. Yesterday afternoon I told you that I would go to see a movie tomorrow.2. He said he would call you in the evening.3. Yesterday he told me he would help me fix the computer.4. Yesterday I decided that I would go to the party tonight.5. Yesterday she told me that she would travel next month.练习题二：1. 上周我告诉你，明天我会送你一份礼物。

2. 昨天她说她会在今天给我寄信。

3. 他告诉我，下个月他会搬到新的城市。

4. 昨天我决定，今天我会去买新的手机。

5. 我告诉他，明天我会请他吃晚饭。

答案二：1. Last week I told you that I would give you a gift tomorrow.2. Yesterday she said she would send me a letter today.3. He told me that he would move to a new city next month.4. Yesterday I decided that I would buy a new phone today.5. I told him that I would treat him to dinner tomorrow.练习题三：1. 昨天我告诉你，下个星期我会去旅行。

【英语】高一英语过去将来时(一)解题方法和技巧及练习题含解析

【英语】高一英语过去将来时(一)解题方法和技巧及练习题含解析一、单项选择过去将来时1．She hurried to the entrance at which the car _____, and looked forward to seeing her husband.A．would arrive B．has arrives C．arrived D．will arrive【答案】A【解析】试题分析:考查动词时态。

根据looked forward to seeing her husband.可知汽车还没有到达，因此用过去将来时态，句意：她匆忙跑到汽车将会到达的入口处，盼望着能看到她的丈夫。

考点：考查动词时态。

2．—Have you been to Mexico?—No, I ______ last year, but Dad wouldn’t let me.A．was to have gone B．was to goC．was gone D．went【答案】A【解析】【详解】试题分析：考查时态。

句意：——你去过墨西哥吗？——没有，去年我打算去的，但爸爸不让我去。

be + to do通常表示“计划、安排”将要做的事情，还表示“有义务”要做的事。

但在此，was to have done表示“过去原打算要做而没有做的事”。

故选A。

3．My father told me that he ________ me some gifts when he returned from America the next week.A．will buy B．buy C．would buy D．buy【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查动词的时态。

句意：我的父亲告诉我，下周他会从美国返回，会给我带礼物。

根据时间状语 the next week可知用将来时，再根据told可知用过去将来时，故选C 项。

考点 : 考查动词的时态4．The students were told that they _____ at the school gate at 2:00 the following afternoon. A．met B．will meetC．were to meet D．were met【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查时态的语境运用。

过去将来时专项练习

过去将来时专项练习I. 选择填空( )1. —What did your son say in the letter?—He told me that he ______ the Disney World the next day.A. will visitB. has visitedC. is going to visitD. would visit( )2. I hoped Tina ______ to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday.A. to comeB. is comingC. will comeD. was coming( )3. Father said that he ______ me to Beijing the next year.A. tookB. would takeC. takesD. will take( )4. We were not sure whether they ______ more vegetables.A. are going to growB. were going to growC. will growD. have grown( )5. She ______ to work when the telephone rang.A. is goingB. will goC. was about to goD. is to goII. 用所给动词的适当形式填空1. Miss Zhang said she ________(visit) the Great Wall next summer.2. She told him that she ________(not stay) here for long.3. I wasn’t sure whether Lucy_______(come) the next year.4. T he scientists said the world’s population _______ (slow) down in future.Key: I. 1-5 DDBBCII. 1. would visit 2. would not stay 3. would come 4. would slow 一、单选1- The plane is leaving right now, but Jim hasn't arrived yet.- Well, he said he _____here on time.A cameB would comeC can beD will be2 As soon as the baby saw her mother, she _____.A was going to cryB cryedC began to cryD was crying3 Li Ming said he _____happy if Brian_____to China next month.A as; comeB was; would comeC would be; cameD will be; come4Jenny said she _____her holiday in China.A spentB would spentC was going to spentD would spend二、填空1 She said the bus _______(leave) at five the next morning.2 I wasn't sure whether he _______(lend) me his book the next morning.3 He was fifty-six. In two years he _______(be) fifty-eight.4 Whenever she has time, she ______(help) them in their work.答案:1 B 2 A 3C 4 D1 was leaving2 would lend3 would be4 would help。

中考英语过去将来时练习题40题

中考英语过去将来时练习题40题1.She said she ____ visit her grandparents the next day.A.wouldB.willC.shallD.can答案：A。

解析：主句用了一般过去时said，从句要用过去将来时，would 是过去将来时的标志词。