How to Write Argumentation in English Persuasively
高中英语议论文写作技巧讲解
The main reasons are as follows. There are three reasons for it. Firstly, / Secondly, / …….. / Lastly, First, / Second , /Third, /Fourth ,…etc For one thing,…For another, … (Besides, … What’s more, … In addition, … Fe reasons
观点陈述1：
Some of us think that … The reason is that…
…of them hold the opinion/view/belief that …. Some people believe that…. …of them are in favor of（支持，赞同）… Some people advocate （提倡）… , saying…is/are good for them to do…
I firmly support the view that…
范例1：假如你事实李华，你班同学最近开长了一场讨论，主题是：高三学 生要不要参加体育锻炼，请根据下面所提供的信息，写一篇短文，介绍讨论 的情况，并发表自己的观点．
比例 观点
５５％ 支持
４５％ 反对
你的观 点
主要理由
１．应该每天进 １锻炼浪费时 行体育锻炼２． 间２．锻炼使 做早操，打乒乓 人疲劳３．锻 球，打篮球，但 炼以后很兴奋 时间不要过长； ，较长时间不 ３．锻炼能增强 能学习４．锻 质减少疾病４． 炼中可能受伤 锻炼能使大脑休 息，使学习效果 更好．
英语学位论文写作PPTCHAPTER2
2.2 Basic writing
How to write a dissertation in English
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7
writing. In addition this covers topics such as précis writing, which is concerned with abstracting the main points of an essay, a report or a book. Similar to précis writing is the writing of summaries, which is also concerned with the condensation of information. In a basic writing book or course, students are also presented with topics such as personal letters and notes, memos and reports, business letters, certificates, public notices, and curriculum vitae, which are needed in everyday life.
2.7 Exercises
Chapter 2
Basic Writing and Academic Writing
2.1 Introduction
How to write a dissertation in English
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7
In this chapter we will distinguish between two types of writing that you may encounter in your studies at university or college. The first type is called basic writing or practical writing, and the other type is academic writing. These two types of writing belong to different genre types and reflect the level of difficulties. Basic writing is everyday writing and all of us do it, while academic writing is only required in an academic environment.
How to write an argumentation(正反
_T_h_e_m__in_o_r_i_ty__o_f_t_h_e_s_t_u_d_e_n_t_s_h_o_l_d_t_h_e__o_p_in_i_o_n__ _t_h_a_t ___punishing the passengers helps to reduce traffic accidents and increase traffic safety.
2. __S_o_m_e__p_e_o_p_l_e_h_o_l_d__th_e__o_p_in__io_n__th_a_t_…__…_ 3.__M__o_s_t _o_f_t_h_e_p_e_o_p_l_e_b__e_li_e_v_e_t_h_a_t_…__…___
__S_o_m__e_o_f__m_y__c_la_s_s_m__a_te_s__a_r_e_i_n_f_a_v_o_r_o_f___the move ,_th_i_n_k_in__g_t_h_a_t_large crowds of tourists to the zoo will result in traffic jams.
我班最近就大学生是否应该经济独立进行了讨论。
practice
最近，我们班就“中学生是否应该网上交友” 这一话题进行了讨论。
_R_e_c_e_n_tl_y,_o_u_r_c_la_s_s_h_a_d_a_d_is_c_u_s_si_o_n_a_b_o_u_t t_h_e__ _t_op_i_c_“S__ho_u_l_d_s_tu_d_e_n_ts_m__ak_e__fr_ie_n_ds__o_n_li_ne_?_”___
the conclusion
In conclusion, I think that cars are very useful because travel is so easy with a car. But the environmental problem is serious and we need to find a cleaner fuel.
英语作文速成-How to Write an Argument Essay
• Part 3 Ideas • you don't need too many ideas for an essay in an English exam. Three is enough. • Three ideas means • three ideas for and three ideas against (3773 layout) • three ideas for (35553 layout) • three ideas against (35553)
计划后，就撰写论文。按照下列步骤来写，即介 绍、正文和结论
பைடு நூலகம்
•
• Part 2 Vocabulary
• Step 1: Read and Underline Key Words • Should governments spend money on space exploration, or should they spend the money on problems here first? • Step 2: Write Down Other Words with the Same Meaning • Should governments spend money on space exploration, or should they spend the money on problems here first?
• Zoos = nature reserves, wildlife parks, animal sanctuaries, circuses, tasteless exhibitions, stuffy, crowded, exciting, interesting, fascinating • Cruel = psychologically damaging, insulting, frightening, stressful, brutal, restricting, noisy, dirty, hot, overcrowded, unnatural, not normal, • (Opposite) conservation, kind, well-treated, saved from extinction, well looked after • Wild = nature, natural, proud, free, endangered, not pets for man, should be free, in danger, habitat, ecosystem, environment, natural home • Animals = animals, plants, natural environment, birds, big cats, predators, extinct, in trouble, not
How to write short essays (argumentation)如何写英语短文(议论文)
How to write short essays (exposition/argumentation)I. Two types of argumentII. How to write exposition: one-sided argumentative essaysAn exposition or argumentative essay is an essay in which the writer agrees or disagrees with an issue, using reasons to support his or her opinion. The goal is to convince the readers that his or her opinion is right. Exposition/Argumentation writers to take a stand on an issue, support their stand with solid reasons, and support their reasons with solid evidence.III. Structure of an exposition (or: an argumentative essay)Introduction Opening remarks to catch reader’s interestThesis statementPlan of development/Preview of main ideas (optional)Topic sentence 1 (supported by supporting points)Specific evidenceBody Topic sentence 2 (supported by supporting points)Specific evidenceTopic sentence 3(supported by supporting points)Specific evidenceConclusion Summary (optional)General closing remarks (e.g. Recommendation/prediction, etc.)IV. How to Write an Introduction1) Four objectives of an introduction:●Capture the attention of readers and make them read on.●Provide background or necessary information to help readers understand the essay’sthesis.●Reveal the essay’s central idea as expressed in the thesis statement.●Guide the reader to important ideas in the body of the essay.2) How to write good opening remarks:●Asking questions or present a problem●Stating the importance of the topic●Giving historical background●Using startling facts, remarks or statistics●Starting with an opposite opinion●Starting with an idea or situation that is the opposite of the one you will develop●Telling a story, an anecdote, or an incident; or describe a scene●Citing quotations●Defining an important term or concept●Using comparison, contrast or an analogy●Starting with general, moving to specific like a funnelExercise 1: Reorder the following group of sentence to make the introduction start with being general to being specific.a.If done properly, a handshake gives the impression of strength and honesty, and ifdone improperly, it conveys weakness and dishonesty.b.In some cultures, people bow, and in others, they shake hands.c.In English-speaking countries, shaking hands is the custom.d. A proper handshake has four ingredients: pressure, pumps, eye contact, and verbalmessage.e.The way people greet each other when they meet for the first time varies fromculture to culture.f.How one shakes hands sends an important message about one’s character. Exercise 2: What kind of opening remarks is used in the following introductions? A.When students complete a first draft, they consider the job of writing done – andtheir teachers too often agree. When professional writers complete a first draft, they usually feel that they are at the start of the writing process. When a draft iscompleted, the job of writing can begin.B.―The most alarming of all man’s assaults upon the environment is the contaminationof air, earth, rivers, and sea with dangerous and even lethal materials,‖ Ra chel Carson wrote a quarter of a century ago in her celebrated book Silent Spring.Today there is little disagreement with her warnings in regard to such broad-spectrum pesticides as DDT, then widely used, now banned. But there is still hot debate over how to apply modem pesticides—which are designed to kill specific types of weeds or insects—in ways that do not harm people and their environment.C.Divorce and out-of-wedlock childbirth are transforming the lives of Americanchildren. In the postwar generation more than 80% of children grew up in a family with two biological parents who are married to each other. By 1980 only 50% could expect to spend their entire childhood in an intact family. If current trends continue, less than half of all children born today will live continuously with their own mother and father throughout childhood. Most American children will spend several years ina single-mother family.D.Alcoholism is a disease whose horrible consequences go beyond the patient.Families of alcoholics often become dysfunctional; spouses and children areabandoned or endure physical and emotional abuse. Co-workers suffer too.Alcoholics have high rates of absenteeism (旷工，旷课), and their work is often unreliable, thereby decreasing office or factory productivity. Indeed, alcoholicsendanger the whole community. One in every two automobile fatalities isalcohol-related, and alcoholism is a major cause of violent crime.E. The Pilgrims (1620年移居美洲的英国清教徒) who arrived in Massachusetts in1620 came to find religious freedom. In the 17th and 18th centuries, large numbers of African men and women were brought as slaves to work on large plantations in the South. Immigrants from northern and southern Europe came in the early 19th century to escape poor economic conditions at home. Later in the 19th century, the firstimmigrants from China came as contract laborers to build the railroads connecting East and West. In the 20th century, political and economic refugees arrived from Asia, Eastern Europe, and Latin America. Indeed, the United States has seenimmigrants come from many different parts of the world, and they have come for many different reasons. Their ability to adjust to life in their adopted land hasdepended on several factors.3) How to write the thesis statement (文章的论点句/中心句)The thesis statement is the most important sentence in the introduction.A. The thesis statement states the specific topic of the essay.∙Young people in this country have less freedom than young people in mycountry.∙The large movement of people from rural to urban areas has major effects oncities.∙My older sister helped me overcome shyness.B. Sometimes a thesis statement lists subtopics that will be discussed in the Body. In this case, it includes the preview of main points.∙Young people in this country have less freedom than young people in my country in their choice of where they live, whom they marry, and what kindof job they choose.∙The large movement of people from rural to urban areas has major effects on a city’s ability to provide housing, employment, and adequate sanitationservice.∙My older sister helped me overcome shyness by encouraging me to meet people, speak in front of people and take part in social activities.C. Sometimes a thesis statement also indicates the pattern of organization of the essay, such as chronological order, spatial order, order of importance (or emphatic order), comparison/contrast, topical order, etc.∙When shopping online, use these four strategies to buy satisfactory goods.∙When buying a used car, use these four steps to get the best price.∙French and English share some similarities in vocabulary and pronunciation. D. The thesis statement is normally the last sentence in the introductory paragraph.V. How to Write the BodyNotebut for a short essay THREE body paragraphs are the best.2. How to Write a Good Body ParagraphA paragraph is a series of sentences that are organized in a coherent way, and are related to a single topic. A good paragraph should have a topic sentence and several supporting sentences. Sometimes a paragraph also has a concluding sentence, which summarizes the paragraph or leaves the reader with something to think about.A topic sentence presents the topic or the main idea of the paragraph, and it often appears at the beginning of the paragraph. The topic sentence should have a topic and a controlling idea.A body paragraph has several supporting sentences; they are organized by certain patterns. Common patterns of organization include listing/enumeration(列举), exemplification (举例), narration, description, cause/effect, comparison/contrast, classification and division, process analysis, and definition.Exercise 3: Read the paragraph and answer the questions:Gold, a precious metal, is prized for two important characteristics. First of all, gold has a lustrous beauty that is resistant to corrosion. Therefore, it is suitable for jewelry, coins, and ornamental purposes. Gold never needs to be polished and will remain beautiful forever. For example, a Macedonian (马其顿的)coin remains as untarnished today as the day it was made 25 centuries ago. Another important characteristic of gold is its usefulness to industry and science. For many years, it has been used in hundreds of industrial applications, such as photography and dentistry. The most recent use of gold is in astronauts’ suits. Astronauts wear gold-plated (镀) heat shields for protection when they go outside spaceships in space. In conclusion, gold is treasured not only for its beauty but also for its utility.Questions:1.Underline the topic sentence. What’s the main point/idea? What are the sub-points?2.Does the paragraph have enough support? What is used as support?3.Do it have a concluding sentence?Exercise 4: Which is the topic sentence? Which sentence does not belong in this paragraph?1. (A) The campus in summer seems a more relaxed place than in the fall. (B) Fewerpeople are about, and the gardener works slowly in the heat. (C) Over by theclassrooms, several workmen hammer and saw without much energy. (D) Next to the library, even the fountains seem smaller and quieter. (E) Two hundred marathon runners came jogging rapidly past at that moment. (F) It feels as if vacation time is here already.2. (A) People usually travel for their pleasure. (B)However, visitors to Japan inevitablymeet with many problems during their stay. (C)Tourists find that social customs are different. (D)For example, on meeting someone, the Japanese usually bow slightly, even if they shake hands too. (E)Traffic rules may also be confusing, for cars drive on the left, while in many countries right-side drive is the custom. (F)England, as well, has this kind of problem. (G)The biggest problem, of course, is the difference in language: You can't translate word for word. (H)So, if you want to enjoy Japan, you should be prepared in advance to meet these difficulties.3. (A) There's nothing like a commercial to ruin an evening's TV entertainment.(B)Before a show even starts, two or three commercials begin the viewing. (C)Thenas the action builds and tension mounts, another two or three minutes of ads break the mood. (D)And some TV shows are still very good at setting the mood. (E)At the end of the show, the announcer says, "We'll be right back," but it's just a trick to get you to stay tuned for still more advertisements. (F)The program is really already over.4. (A) A paragraph without a topic sentence is like a ship without a captain. (B) Shipsneed direction, and so do paragraphs. (C) The captain of a ship chooses the direction, and then uses the crew, wind, and rudder as support. (D) In bad weather, the ship rolls back and forth. (E) Similarly, the topic sentence establishes the direction for the paragraph. (F) Then the other sentences of the paragraph provide the support to stick to that course.Exercise 5: Which is a better paragraph? Why?A. I wouldn’t want to be a teenager again, first of all, because I wouldn’t want to worry about talking to girls. I still remember how scary it was to call up a girl and ask her out. My heart would race, my pulse would pound, and perspiration would trickle down my face. I never knew whether my voice would come out deep and masculine, like a television anchorman’s, or squeaky, like a little boy’s. Then there were the questions: Would she be at home? If she was, would she want to talk to me? And if she did, what would I say? The one time I did get up the nerve to take a girl to a movie, I was so tongue-tied that I stared silently at the box of popcorn in my lap until the movie started. Needless to say, I wasn’t very interesting company.B. I wouldn’t want to be a teenager again, first of all, because I wouldn’t want to worry about talking to girls. Calling up a girl to ask her out was something I completelydreaded. I didn’t know what words to express or how to express them. I would have all the symptoms of nervousness when I got on the phone. I worried a great deal about how I would sound, and I had a lot of doubts about the girl’s reaction. Once, I managed to call up a girl to get out, but the evening turned out to be a disaster. I was too unsure of myself to act in a confident way. I couldn’t think of anything to say and just kept quiet. Now that I look back on it, I really made a fool of myself. Agonizing over my attempts at relationships with the opposite sex made adolescence a very uncomfortable time. VI. How to Write a ConclusionCommon techniques to write a memorable conclusion1) Make a prediction2) Suggest results or consequences3) Suggest a solution, make a recommendation, or call for action4) Quote an authority on the topicExercise 6: What technique is used in each of the following conclusion?A.It is clear that the US system of higher education is in trouble. For many students,four years of college is no longer possible because of increasing costs and decreasing financial aid. To reverse this trend, we must demand that government increase its financial support of colleges and universities and restore financial aid programs. Our future depends on it.B.To sum up, the costs of attending college are up and financial aid for students isdown. Fewer and fewer future members of the workforce are able to educatethemselves beyond high school. As a result, the nation will waste the intelligence, imagination, and energy of a large segment of the present college-age generation. C.In conclusion, costs are rising and financial aid is declining, with the result thatmany can no longer afford to go to college. If our nation is to prosper, increasedgovernment funding for education is essential, even if it requires higher taxes. As Horace Mann argued in his Fifth Annual Report, a nation’s economic wealth will increase through an educated public. It is therefore in the self-interest of business to pay the taxation for public education.D.We have seen how the costs of attending college have been rising while, at the sametime, sources of financial aid for students have been disappearing. If this trendcontinues, fewer and fewer families will be able to send their children through four years of college.VII.How to Evaluate a paragraph/essay1.UNITY (同一性): If every sentence in the paragraph sticks to ONE topic, theparagraph has unity. And if all paragraphs stick to the thesis of the essay, your paper has unity.2.COHERENCE (连贯性): All supporting ideas must be organized so that theycohere, or stick together. There are no sudden jumps in meaning. Sentences arelogically connected. Key techniques include:Repeat key words and phrases.●Use consistent pronouns.●Add transitions and other connecting words.●Arrange your contents logically. Often use a clear method of organization(such as time order; spatial order; emphatic order; cause and effect;comparison and contrast)3.SUPPORT(论据): Support your thesis with SPECIFIC evidence and details. Inother words, have a variety of specific details in your body paragraphs to support your thesis.4.SENTENCE SKILLS (语言技能): If you write clear, error-free sentences, yourpaper will demonstrate effective sentence skills.VIII. Sample EssayThe following is anexposition (or an argumentative essay)entitled “Teenagers and Part-time Jobs”by John Langan from ―College Writing Skills with R eadings‖ (1993:6). Read the essay and answer the following questions:―The pressure for a teenager to work is great, and not just because of the economic plight (困境) in the world today. Much of it is peer pressure to have a little bit of freedom and independence, and to have their own spending money. The concern we have is when the part-time work becomes the primary focus,‖ says Roxanne Bradshaw, educator and officer of the National Education Association. Many people argue that working can be a valuable experience for the young. However, working more than 10 hours a week is harmful to adolescents because it reduces their involvement with school, encourages a materialistic and expensive lifestyle, and increases the chance of having problems with drugs and alcohol.Schoolwork and the benefits of extracurricular activities tend to go by the wayside (被搁置) when adolescents work long hours. As more and more teens have filled the numerous part-time jobs offered by fast-food restaurants and mall store, teachers have faced increasing difficulties. They must both keep the attention of tired students and give homework to students who simply don’t have time to do it. In addition, educators have noticed less involvement in the extracurricular events many consider healthy influences on young people. School bands and athletic teams are losing players to work, and sports events are poorly attended by working students. Those teenagers who try to do it all—homework, extracurricular activities, and work—may find themselves exhausted and prone to illness. A recent newspaper story, for example, described a girl in Pennsylvania who came down with mononucleosis as a result of aiming for good grades, playing on two school athletic teams, and working thirty hours a week.Another drawback of too much work is that it may promote materialism and an unrealistic lifestyle. Some parents say that work teaches adolescents the value of money. Undoubtedl y, it can, and it’s true that some teenagers work to help out with the family budget or save for college. However, surveys have shown that the majority of working teens use their earnings to buy luxuries — iPhones, iPads, laptops, even cars. These young pe ople, some of whom earn $500 and more a month, don’t worry about spendingwisely. In many cases, experts point out, they are becoming accustomed to a lifestyle they won’t be able to afford several years down the road, when they’ll no longer have their parents to pay for car insurance, food and lodging, and so on.Finally, teenagers who work a lot are more likely than others to get involvedwith alcohol and drugs. Teens who put in long hours may seek a quick release from stress, just like the adults who need to drink a couple of martinis after a hard day at work. Stress is probably greater in our society today than it has been at any time in the past. Also, teens who have money are more likely, for various obvious reasons, to get involved with drugs.Teenagers can enjoy the benefits of work while avoiding its drawbacks simplyby limiting their work hours during the school year. As is often the case, a moderate approach will be the most healthy and rewarding.Questions:1.About unity: Which sentence in the body should be omitted because it is not related to the topic of the paragraph?2. About support:1) Where in the body are specific details needed?2) Which paragraph develops its point by citing and then refuting (反驳) anopposing point of view?3. About coherence: What transition words are used to introduce the three supportingparagraphs?4. About introduction: Which method of introduction is used?5. About conclusion: Does the essay briefly summarize the main ideas? What kind of closing remarks are used?Homework Assignment:●People have different opinions about whether cell phones (including laptopsand tablets) should be banned in class or not. What's your opinion?●Write an exposition essay of about 300 words to express your opinion.●Remember to follow the structure of an exposition/argumentative essay.●Remember to create a title for your exposition.●Use Times New Roman, 12-point font.●Double space your essay.●Print on both sides.●Indented format.●Submit your essay in Week 10.。
咋样学会写英语作文呢
咋样学会写英语作文呢Learning to write English essays effectively involves several key steps. Here's a comprehensive guide to help you improve your English essay writing skills:1. Understand Essay Structure: Familiarize yourselfwith the basic structure of an essay, which typically includes an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Each section serves a specific purpose: the introduction introduces your topic and thesis statement, body paragraphs support your thesis with evidence and analysis, and the conclusion summarizes your main points and restates your thesis.2. Develop Strong Thesis Statements: Your thesis statement is the central idea of your essay, stating your argument or position on the topic. It should be clear, specific, and debatable. Spend time crafting a thesis that encapsulates the main point you want to convey in your essay.3. Expand Your Vocabulary: Building a diverse vocabulary will enrich your writing and enable you to express yourself more precisely. Read extensively in English—books, articles, essays, and other materials—to encounter new words and phrases in context. Consider keeping a vocabulary journal to record and reviewunfamiliar words regularly.4. Practice Writing Regularly: Like any skill, writing improves with practice. Set aside time each day to write in English, whether it's journaling, responding to prompts, or crafting essays on various topics. Focus on clarity, coherence, and cohesion in your writing, and don't worry too much about making mistakes—learning from them is part of the process.5. Master Grammar and Punctuation: Grammar and punctuation errors can detract from the effectiveness of your writing. Brush up on English grammar rules and common punctuation conventions. Pay attention to sentence structure, subject-verb agreement, verb tense consistency,and punctuation marks such as commas, periods, and apostrophes.6. Read and Analyze Model Essays: Studying well-written essays can provide valuable insights into effective writing techniques and strategies. Analyze the structure, organization, language use, and argumentation of model essays to identify what makes them successful. You can find sample essays online, in textbooks, or by seeking feedback from teachers or tutors.7. Seek Feedback: Don't hesitate to solicit feedback on your writing from peers, teachers, or language tutors. Constructive criticism can help you identify areas for improvement and refine your writing skills. Be open to suggestions for revising your essays and consider multiple perspectives on your work.8. Revise and Edit Thoroughly: Revision is an essential part of the writing process. Once you've written a draft of your essay, take time to revise and edit it for clarity, coherence, and effectiveness. Pay attention to organization,transitions between paragraphs, and the overall flow ofyour ideas. Proofread carefully for grammatical errors, typos, and punctuation mistakes.9. Practice Writing Different Types of Essays: Familiarize yourself with various types of essays, such as argumentative, persuasive, expository, descriptive, and narrative essays. Each type has its own conventions and objectives, so practicing writing different types of essays will broaden your skills and versatility as a writer.10. Stay Persistent and Patient: Improving your English essay writing skills is a gradual process that takes time and persistence. Stay committed to your goal of becoming a proficient writer, and don't get discouraged by setbacks or challenges along the way. Keep practicing, seeking feedback, and learning from both successes and failures.By following these steps and dedicating yourself to regular practice and improvement, you can develop strong English essay writing skills over time. Remember thatwriting is a skill that can always be refined and honed with dedication and effort.。
英语作文速成-How to Write an Argument Essay
• Part 3 Ideas • you don't need too many ideas for an essay in an English exam. Three is enough. • Three ideas means • three ideas for and three ideas against (3773 layout) • three ideas for (35553 layout) • three ideas against (35553)
• Step 3: Use Your New Words in the Opening Sentences • With many global concerns such as war, poverty, hunger and pollution, many people do not think that nations should waste money on exploring space. (One side) However, others are convinced that expenditure on space programs is jusቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱified. (Other side) 由
于许多全球问题的存在，如战争、贫困、饥饿和 污染，许多人并不认为国家应该把钱浪费在探索 太空方面。但其他人承认太空计划的开支是合理 的。
• Step 4: Add a Thesis • With many global concerns such as war, poverty, hunger and pollution, many people question whether nations should waste money on exploring space. However, others are convinced that expenditure on space programs is justified. This essay will examine some arguments for and against space exploration. (Thesis)
观点类的英文作文的步骤
观点类的英文作文的步骤The steps to write an opinion essay in English can be divided into several key stages. Firstly, it is important to thoroughly understand the prompt or topic of the essay. This involves carefully reading and analyzing the question or statement provided, and identifying the key elements that need to be addressed. This may include determining the purpose of the essay, the target audience, and any specific requirements or restrictions.Once the prompt has been clearly understood, the next step is to conduct research and gather relevant information to support the essay's argument. This may involve consulting academic sources, expert opinions, and real-world examples that can be used to substantiate the writer's viewpoint. It is crucial to carefully evaluate the credibility and reliability of the sources used, and to ensure that the information gathered is accurate and up-to-date.After the research phase, the writer should begin to formulate their own stance or opinion on the topic. This involves carefully considering the different perspectives and arguments that can bemade, and then selecting the position that the writer believes to be the most compelling or persuasive. It is important to ensure that the writer's opinion is well-informed and grounded in evidence, rather than being based solely on personal biases or emotions.Once the writer has established their position, the next step is to organize the essay in a clear and logical manner. This typically involves creating an outline that includes an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. The introduction should provide background information on the topic, clearly state the writer's thesis or main argument, and outline the key points that will be discussed in the essay. The body paragraphs should then systematically present and analyze the evidence and arguments that support the writer's position, with each paragraph focusing on a specific aspect or point.The conclusion of the essay should then summarize the main points made throughout the essay, restate the writer's position, and provide a final, compelling argument or call to action. It is important to ensure that the conclusion does not simply repeat information from the introduction or body paragraphs, but rather offers a synthesis and evaluation of the key ideas presented.Throughout the writing process, it is crucial for the writer to maintain a clear and coherent structure, with smooth transitions between ideas and paragraphs. The language used should be formal andacademic in tone, with a focus on objectivity and the avoidance of personal biases or emotional language. Additionally, the writer should ensure that the essay adheres to any specific formatting or stylistic requirements, such as the use of proper citations and referencing.One of the key challenges in writing an effective opinion essay is the need to anticipate and address counterarguments or opposing viewpoints. This involves acknowledging the validity of alternative perspectives, while still firmly defending the writer's own position. By engaging with and refuting counterarguments, the writer can demonstrate a nuanced understanding of the topic and strengthen the overall persuasiveness of the essay.Another important consideration in opinion essay writing is the need to maintain a level of objectivity and impartiality. While the writer is expected to take a clear stance on the issue, they should also strive to present a balanced and fair-minded analysis of the topic. This may involve acknowledging the strengths and weaknesses of both the writer's own position and those of opposing viewpoints, and avoiding the use of inflammatory or biased language.Finally, it is important for the writer to carefully proofread and edit their essay to ensure that it is free of grammatical, spelling, and punctuation errors, and that the overall flow and coherence of thewriting is strong. This may involve multiple rounds of revisions and editing, as well as seeking feedback from others to identify areas for improvement.In conclusion, the steps to write an effective opinion essay in English involve a combination of thorough research, clear and logical organization, objective and persuasive argumentation, and careful attention to language and style. By following these steps, writers can craft compelling and well-supported essays that effectively communicate their perspective on complex and contentious issues.。
最新高三英语写作教学设计-议论文写作：教学学案
高三英语写作教学设计课题: How to write an argumentation？【佳句欣赏】：Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.没有目标的生活如同没有罗盘的航行。
（一）学习内容：学习议论文写作方法（二）学习目标: 学会高考英语议论文书面表达基本写作方法。
（三）学习重难点：学会议论文写作常用句式。
（四）学习步骤Step 1 Lead-in（导入）导生导学：亲爱的同学们，在上一次的写作练习中，我们已经了解了议论文的写作技巧，我们今天继续加强议论文的练习，让我们一起来练习吧。
Step 2 Introduction（介绍）掌握议论文的一般结构：引子、正文、结论。
①引子(Introduction):由于英语作文受时间、字数的限制，因此，在引言段中作者就必须简单解释要讨论的问题并阐明自己的观点。
②正文(Main body): 正文是论证的过程，作者必须有足够的论据来论证自己的观点。
③结论(Conclusion): 结论段可以用一两句来结束文章，同时要注意与引言段的呼应，但不能照搬前面的原话。
Step 3 Presentation （呈现）议论文型书面表达应掌握的常用表达方式开头:1. Nowadays many people prefer……because it plays an important role in our daily life.2.As everybody knows, with the (rapidly)growing popularity of…… in China, thelives has been greatly improved.quality of people’ｓ3.Recently there is a widespread/serious concern over……4. Nowadays, a heated debate/discussion about whether…… is under way in our class. Some students hold the view that……; whereas others argue that正文1.There are some reasons for……. To begin with,… Next, …Last, …However, on the other hand, many reasons against it. First…Second…Finally…2.As for ……, different people have different opinions.3.……for two reasons. The first reason is that …The second is that…hand,…On the other hand/For one thing …For another thing…4.As the saying goes, “Time and tide wait for no one.”展开段落论证时常用的句式、词语：①第一层次（首先）in the first place/ in the beginning/ first(firstly)/ first of all/to beginning with/ for one thing/ I want to begin by saying/ My first reason isthat…/ The main factor is …②第二层次（其次）second(secondly)/ in the second place/ next/ for another/ Thesecond solution is that …③第三层次（第三点）third(thirdly)/ besides/ in addition/ furthermore将事物的正反、好坏两方面，或者将两种不同事物进行比较、对比时常用的句式、短语：然而while, whereas, but, however, nevertheless尽管如此in spite of that, despite all this/ the fact that, even so但在另一方面but on the other hand与…相比in/ by comparison with …, as compared with …相反on the contrary, instead事实上as a matter of fact, as the matter stands, in fact任何事物都是一分为二的。
How to Write English Essay
How T o Write English Essay-----Written by 朱斌一、General function: to demonstrate your understanding of legal principlesto demonstrate your ability to use legal sourcesto demonstrate your ability to reason and argue in writing二、Structure: Introduction (占全文的10%）Argument (占全文的80%）Conclusion (占全文的10%）Bibliography(文后要把所有参考文献标注出来，按字母顺序）三、Introduction的写法：Introduction的目的：to explain your approach to the questionsto introduce your important points toFor example：The rule in Foss v Harbottle1and Section 459(此为文章的标题) IntroductionThe rule in Foss v Harbottle2included three principles: the proper claimant principle, the majority principle, and the internal management principle, which not only guarantees the company can run effectively, but also prevents company from seeking courts to help them settle their business decision. Thus, it is a sensible policy.（第一段简单介绍Foss v Harbottle这个案例包含的三个原则）Section 459 of the Companies Act 1985 provides the statutory remedy for the minority shareholders. The director’s breach of duty may prejudice the interests of some or all of the members of a company. Such breach is a wrong done to the company, because director’s duties are ow ed to the company and not to the shareholders individually. Thus, the harm suffered by the shareholders reflects the harm suffered by the company. So when the minority can seek relief under section 459, the question is whether section 459 undermined the rule in Foss v Harbottle3or not.（第二段简单介绍公司法第459条。
How to Write an Argumentation
How to Write an ArgumentationIt can be said without exaggeration that argumentative or persuasive writing is an important form of human communication, in which the author express a point of view on a subject and supports it with evidence. What's more, the purpose of an argumentation is to convince. That is to say, argumentation not only gives information but also presents an argument with the supporting and opposing ideas of an argumentative issue. There are some matters should be taken into consideration.To begin with, since argumentative writing is to persuade, it should contain an argument, usually called thesis statement and backed with proofs that in favor of the idea. In other words, it need possess a debatable standpoint. For instance, "We should decide whether we want a bicycle or a car." This sentence cannot be a good thesis. Because the the author's stand is ambiguous. If it was changed into the sentence "If we are under the age of 40 and want a healthy life, we should definitely get a bicycle instead of a car." That will be a clear point. On the other hand, the strength of the evidence is able to make or break the argument. Valid proof must include common knowledge, specific examples, facts and statistics. Another equally importantly aspect is that it is necessary for an author to have deep understanding of the issue being discussed is to anticipate and address contrary arguments or objections. By considering what someone disagrees might be fastidious about the argument.Otherwise, it would be like hitting the other person with eye closed. One needs to see what he is hitting clearly and be prepared in advance so that others cannot hit back. Lastly but not the least, it should be realized that argumentative writing requires careful organization. As is well-known, all argumentative topics have pros and cons before starting writing. It is better to make a list of those opinions and choose the most suitable ones for supporting and refuting.In brief, the primary objective of an argumentation is to convince or persuade the reader. For this reason, in an argumentation, the author should clearly express his or her viewpoints and write as if he or she is trying to persuade an opposing reader to adopt new beliefs or behavior.。
How to write an argumentative essay
How to write an argumentative essay(如何写英语议论文)不同观点列举型( 选择型)There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.People,however,differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand，___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.如何写好“观点对立型”的议论文观点对立型的议论文通常先阐明主题，然后阐述对立的两种观点，再表明自己的态度、立场及理由。
高中英语议论文经典范文与模板
But/yet/while
因为
Due to
Owing to
2.More roads will have to be built with more cars, __________（所以）we’ll have less field to grow rice.
So therefore
结果
thus
as a result/consequence
In my opinion, it would be much better to stay at home. Actually I have more reasons for it. When staying at home,I get to do what I like,such as reading books,watching TV,and helping my parents with the housework. In a word, to stay at home is better than to travel.
Film or book, which do you prefer？ Recently ,our class had a heated discussion over “which do you prefer, film or book?” Opinions vary from person to person.
书面表达(满分30分)
当前越来越多的人们关注住房问题。有人喜欢住在传统的房 子里，有人喜欢住在公寓里，请你以“Live in a traditional house or live in an apartment”为题，按照下列要点写一篇英 语短文。
1.住在传统的房子里：可以在院子里种花，树，可以养宠物， 可以在院子里锻炼身体。 2.住在公寓里：干净，安全，离工作地方近 3.我的看法及理由。 注意：词数100-120，文章题目和开头已给出（不计词数）
英语观点对比类作文写作精品PPT课件
Some believe that…
进一步介绍正方观点
What’s more, we can …as well as … Besides, it’s …, which …
介绍反方观点
On the other hand, …of the students think…
在大城市生活的白领一族们，工作日中总是被大量的的工作任务、人际关系所裹挟，常常因为七七八八的事情压得我们透不过来气。 实际上，不管是工作还是生活，帮助我们取得成功的并非是意志，而是行动。 以至于很多人会在失落时忘却，时常违背了自己少年时期的志向。 总是自认为通情练达，自认为精明。 从前的我们多单纯，多纯粹。 而现在，丢弃了单纯与纯粹的我们，也总算是看透了，想穿了。 但也正因为如此，逐渐就变成了少年时间的自己最憎恨的那种人。
Some think that they prefer to stay at home. In their views there are 2 reasons as follows: in the first place,they say it’s both convenient and comfortable. What’s more,they can set aside money for other purposes. Furthermore, in the second place,they will lose the chance of getting to know the outside world.
要 如何算是一篇好文章？
点 全
1.覆盖了所有的要点 2. 应用了较多的语法结构
How to Write an Argument Essay
How to Write an Argument EssayThere are five main steps.Step 1: Read the essayRead the question. Decide what kind of essay it is - opinion, compare/contrast, problem and solution, cause and effect, or a mixture. The type of question will decide the layout and your ideas.Step 2: UnderlineUnderline key vocabulary in the question and write words with the same or related meaning. This will really save you a lot of time later on. It will also help to avoid repetition of words, and will show that you understand the question.Step 3: Get IdeasDecide if you are for or against the idea. Usually it is best to give both sides (for and against - one paragraph each) and then to give your opinion in the conclusion. However there are other ways of laying out your essay.Step 4: Decide LayoutYou should decide on a layout. The easiest is 3773. That means four paragraphs:1.introduction (3 sentences)2.one side (7 sentences)3.the other side (7 sentences)4. the conclusion (3 sentences).This will give you 20 sentences. An average of about 12 words each, that is 240 words. Perfect!Step 5: WriteAfter you have written your plan, write your essay. Follow the steps in this website for writing the introduction, body, and conclusion. Check for fragments, run-ons and comma splices.VocabularyStep 1: Read and Underline Key WordsShould governments spend money on space exploration, or should they spend the money on problems here first?Step 2: Write Down Other Words with the Same Meaning (Move your mouse over links)Should governments spend money on space exploration, or should they spend the money on problems here first?Governments = nations, countries, authorities, politiciansSpend = allocate, give, allot, provide, budget, make available, waste, awardSpace exploration = space program, trips to the moon, the international space station, planets, planetary voyagesMoney = budgets, taxes, resources,Problems = concerns, issues, worries, disasters, threats, threatening, war, famine, poverty, education, homelessness, drugs, global warmingHere = on earth, in our own countries, closer to home, in developing countries, foreign aid,Step 3: Use Your New Words in the Opening SentencesWith many global concerns such as war, poverty, hunger and pollution, many people do not think that nations should waste money on exploring space. (One side) However, others are convinced that expenditure on space programs is justified. (Other side)Step 4: Add a ThesisWith many global concerns such as war, poverty, hunger and pollution, many people question whether nations should waste money on exploring space. However, others are convinced that expenditure on space programs is justified. This essay will examine some arguments for and against space exploration. (Thesis)Vocabulary: ZoosStep 1: Read and Underline Key WordsAre zoos cruel to wild animals?Step 2: Write Down Other Words with the Same Meaning (Move your mouse over links)Are zoos cruel to wild animals?Zoos = nature reserves, wildlife parks, animal sanctuaries, circuses, wilderness areas, tasteless exhibitions, stuffy, crowded, exciting, interesting, fascinatingCruel = psychologically damaging, insulting, frightening, stressful, brutal, restricting, noisy, dirty, hot, overcrowded, unnatural, not normal, (Opposite)conservation, kind, well-treated, saved from extinction, well looked afterWild = nature, natural, proud, free, endangered, not pets for man, should be free, in danger, habitat, ecosystem, environment, natural homeAnimals = animals, plants, natural environment, birds, big cats, predators, extinct, in trouble, notenough land.Step 3: Use Your New Words in the Opening SentencesMany people have had their first experience of animals from visiting zoos as children, and feel that they are important for education and conservation. (One side) However, others feel that zoos are unnatural and are stressful and cruel for animals. (Other side)Step 4: Add a ThesisMany people have had their first experience of animals from visiting zoos as children, and feel that they are important for education and conservation. However, others feel that zoos are unnatural and are stressful and cruel for animals. This essay will discuss the importance of zoos and their essential role in conserving endangered wildlife. (Thesis)IntroductionsOne easy way to write the introduction for an argument or opinion essay is to write THREE sentences:two about the topicone thesis sentenceYou can write either Situation or Opinion introductions. There's not much difference between them.Situation IntroductionsOpinion IntroductionsSituation IntroductionsWrite two sentences to describe the two sides of the present situation. The third sentence - the Thesis sentence - will describe what you are going do in your essay.Sentence 1 One side of the present situationSentence 2 The other side of the present situationSentence 3 Thesis: What you are going to do in your essayWho should take care of our old people?Sentence 1 In my country, most old people live happily with their children.Sentence 2 Increasingly however, many families cannot take care of their parentsSentence 3 (Thesis) This essay will describe some of the problems involved with taking care of old people, and discuss who should be responsible.Does Aid to Poor Countries Work?Sentence(s) 1 For the last fifty years, poor countries have been receiving huge sums of money from rich donor countries.Sentence 2 Some of this money has improved lives, while much of it has disappeared or made no difference.Sentence 3 (Thesis) In this essay, I will discuss some arguments for and against foreign aid.Should dangerous sports be banned?Sentence 1 Every year, thousands of people are injured or killed in sports such as boxing ormotor-racing.Sentence 2 Because of this, many people are opposed to such sports, and want them to be stopped or controlled.Sentence 3 (Thesis) This essay will look at some of the arguments for and against banning dangerous sports.Opinion IntroductionsIn this kind you give two opposite opinions in the first two sentences. The third sentence says what you are going to do.Does space exploration benefit mankind?Sentence For Many people are excited about space exploration.Sentence Against However, others feel it is a massive waste of moneySentence 3 (Thesis) This essay will look at some of the arguments for and against space exploration.(32 words)Does space exploration benefit mankind?Sentence For Space, for many people, really is the final frontier. They are excited by the exploration and potential of space.Sentence Against However, not everyone agrees that this money is well-spent. Many people feel that we should solve problems here on earth before beginning our journey to spaceSentence 3 (Thesis) This essay will look at some of the arguments for and against space exploration.(58 words)Do Athletes Deserve Their High Salaries?Sentence(s) 1 Everyday, we read about new record contracts and salaries earned by sportsmen and women. Some people do not agree with these huge paymentsSentence 2 Others believe that our sports heroes deserve every penny.Sentence 3 (Thesis) This essay will look at some of the arguments for and against the high salaries of athletes.Finally, if you are having problem thinking about an introduction, leave some space and write it later - AFTER you write the body or conclusion.Thesis SentenceA thesis statement is a sentence (or two) that states what you are going to do in your essay. It is a kind of signpost or map that shows the reader what direction you will take. It usually comes at the end of the Introduction.In this essay, I will outline the arguments for and against sex education in schools.In this essay, I will examine some reasons for the growth of the tourism industry.You can leave out "I."This essay looks at ideas in favour of and against early marriage.This essay will discuss the benefits of having universal free health care.Show how many parts your essay will haveSometimes the reader can tell which paragraphs will follow the thesis statement.I am going to analyse the effects of drugs on the individual, the family, and society.In an essay with the thesis statement above, there will clearly be three parts - one on the effects of drugs on the individual, one part with the effects on the family, and another with the effects on society.Be StrongSometimes you don't need a "will" or "going to". Your thesis statement is so strong that it is clear what your opinion is.Beating children brutalizes parents, damages the parent-child relationship, and is completely unnecessary.In an essay with the thesis statement above, there will clearly be three parts - one on the effects of corporal punishment on parents, one part with the effects relationship, and another which claims that beating is not needed.Words to use in the thesis sentenceanalyze, look at, examine, discuss, outline, consider, describeWhat would you like to do now?。
北师大版选修七 写作 How to write an argumentation (共24张PPT)
ffiirrsstt ppllaaccee,, when there are phone calls, the mobile phone just can’t ringI.nIn
两个题请， 根时要 据间求 下该 列状公 要语司 点更 ，从换 用句。 英 ,
aaddddiittiioonn,, short messages can never be
essential, vital, significant, notable be in favor of, approve of disapprove of , frown on sth
prefer, feel inclined to , be keen on, be fond of , appeal to benefical, positive, favorable, perfect, pleasurable
that…
三、介绍反方观点
反对的认为，克隆可能会被滥用。… • ①.However, each coin has two sides. • ②.However,…of them hold the view that… • ③.People who are against it hold the idea
所写词数）；
4. 已给出的电子邮件的开
头和结尾不得抄入答题
卡。
第四部分：书面表达（满分
【分25分析）】全文共九
HHoowweevveerr, some problems are presented with this mobile phone. IInntthhee
个假句买设了子你一是,部其卜某曼中外宜国有，公你司购生
in the third place, finally, last but not least
英语议论文的写作及其模板
Introduction
Present an argument that piques the reader's interest.
Conclusion
Summarize the entire article, reiterate the argument, and provide suggestions or prospects.
The definition and characteristics of argumentative essays
Body
Expand arguments and provide arguments. Usually consisting of 2-3 paragraphs, each paragraph revolves around a main argument.
04
Critical thinking: Conduct in-depth analysis of arguments, do not blindly accept them, and raise reasonable questions.
02
The argumentative methods of English argumentative essays
Example demonstration
Inductive and deductive reasoning
Inductive reasoning is a method of argumentation that involves drawing general conclusions from specific examples or observations In English argumentative essays, inductive reasoning can be used to support or justify a specific point of view or conclusion
高中英语Unit1Period6WritingHowtowriteanargumentation学案
Period 6 Writing -- How to write an argumentationStep 1 Discussi on1. Backgro und in formati on of Yuanmin gyua nThe original Yuanmingyuan was located southeast of current summerpalace and just north of Pek ing uni versity ' s campus. Con struct ion （修建）bega n in earl y Qing dynasty（1709）and took nearly 150 years to complete. It was completely destroyed in 1860 by British and french troops in a 3-day in vasi on duri ng the Opium War （鸦片战争）.Although Yuanmin gyua n has bee n bur nt to the gro und for over a hundre d years, some sight spots still remain.We can infer the fantastic scenery in the Qing dynasty from the ruins.2. Questi ons for the discussi on:①Whether Yuanmin gyua n is importa nt to Chin ese or n ot? Why?②Is it n ecessary to spe nd a large amount of money to rebuild it? Why?Step 2 Debate1. Tips for an in formal class debate① _____________________________② _____________________________③______________________________④ _____________________________⑤ _____________________________⑥ ____________________________2. What should be included in your report ?① State the questi on②Give the ideas that agree with the questio n and the reasonsReason 1 _________________________________________________________________ Reas on 2 ________________________ ___________________________________ .__ Reas on 3 _________________________________________________ _____________③Give the ideas th at disagree with the questio n and the reasonsReason 1 _________________________________________________________________ Reason 2 _________________________________________________________________ Reason 3 _________________________________________________________________④Give your opinionStep 3 Useful expressi onsPara 1: State the questionWords and phrases:Sentence structuresPara 2 : Give the ideas that agree with the question and the reasonsWords and phrases:Sentence structuresConjunctions: ________________________________________________________________Para 3 : Give the ideas that agree with the question and t he re asonsWords and phrases:Sentence structuresConjunctions: ________________________________________________________________Para 4 : Give your opinionWords and phrases:Sentence structuresConjunctions: ________________________________________________Step 4 Complete your compositi onRequirements :4 paragraphs should be in cluded.More than 100 words and less tha n 120 words.Excellent handwriting and clear opinions.。
必修一Unit2英语观点对比类作文写作
Some believe that…
进一步介绍正方观点
What’s more, we can …as well as … Besides, it’s …, which …
然而，在这件事上不同的人有不同的看法。
Different people, however, think quite differently on this matter.
介绍正方观点：
Sixty percent of the students are for the idea.
Sixty percent of the students think it necessary to…
过渡句
Opinions are divided on this issue.
在这个问题上大家意见有分歧。
Opinions are mainly divided into two groups.
主要有两种不同意见。
Different people, however, have different opinions on this matter.
Others argue that …In their opinion,…
进一步介绍反方观点
What’s worse… What’s more… In addition, … Besides, … Plus, … First,… Second, …Third, …
总结句(未达成一致)
the structure of the article
topic sentence
for the opinion diamond against the opinion
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How to Write Argumentation in English Persuasively
作者：苏祎甜
来源：《校园英语·中旬》2014年第10期
Some problems should be worked out first
How to develop a good thesis statement？
Thesis statement is the sentence that we look early in an essay for a one- or two-sentence condensation of the argument or analysis that is to follow.It offers a concise solution to the issue being addressed and a brief summary of all explained reasons in the paper.
1）A strong thesis statement takes some sort of stand.A weak thesis statement fails to take a stand and the phrase that express stand shouldn’t be vague.
2）Justifies discussion.A good strategy for creating a strong thesis is to show that the topic is controversial.
3）Expresses one main idea.A great many clear and engaging thesis statements contain words like because， since， so， although， unless， and however.
4）Specific， and will help you keep your paper to a manageable topic.
How to apply rhetoric into argumentation？
Aristotle， the Greek philosopher， in his Art of Rhetoric， defined 3 types of persuasive strategies， logos， ethos， and pathos.
logos is related to the word logic； it is the appeal to reason and to the intellect； Ethos means “ethics” in English and ref ers to the trustworthiness or credibility of a writer.Pathos is for emotion or feeling， and it refers to the ability of language to evoke feelings in us.（Gary Layne Hatch）.
How to develop logical thinking in daily life and take it into use in argumentation？
1） An outline of the topic sentence shows a logic organization 2） Transitions from one idea to the next 3） Are your materials support opinions 4） The conclusion consistent to your purpose
What should I read contributing to writing
Here， reading before writing can be divided into 2 aspects： reading materials before a writing task； reading in a long run contributes to writing improvement.In a long run，if I’m going to promote persuasion of argumentation， read some samples and comments from Guardian（if available）， VOA news and Economists， etc.
AUTHOR’S SUGGESTION
Pre-writing
Step 1： Choose related materials
E.g.：If I’m going to write an argumentation about Gun Control， I can search for related information through SE and D-Lib.Choose effective， high correlated and authority information and materials so that I can write credibly.
Step 2：Find background information and take down
Try to work out the origin and general ideas of the topic.Write down references， new words and expressions.
While-writing
Step1： Identify a thesis statement according to materials and my own understanding.（be concise and specific）
Step 2：Try to use logos， ethos and pathos to develop the essay.When appeal to logos and pathos， remember to refer to effective materials and care about audience.
Step 3：Pay attention to the logic： if the evidence can support the statements； if the structure constructive and understandable； if thesis can lead the content， etc.
Post-writing
Step 1：Check the logic again to ensure that they are reasonable.
Step2：Hand in and ask for suggestions， which aimed at making sure of being convincing and the ideas are acceptable.
Step 3：Further study on the topic.Write a concise conclusion of the essay writing.Spot the problems and make revising plans.
Tips for Daily Habits：
A.To develop logical thinking：
Download apps especially PUZ games to train logic
Look for math tasks on the Internet or from friends major in science.Work out a task every day.
Practice paragraphs writing.Try to be logic in every paragraph and then， develop discourse based on it.Always check logic through ask for advice from professors.
Always talk to friends major in science.Try to discover their thinking features.
B.To develop reading-based writing：
Form the habits of reading topical magazines and articles.Take down useful materials and new words as well as expressions.
Always think controversial opinions when comes to authors ideas.
Reference：
[1]Frank， Steven.I'll Show You My Underwear （or How to Tackle the Dreaded Thesis Statement）.
[2]e Logic to Improve Writing.
[3]Corbett， E.P.J. Classical rhetoric for the modern student fourth edition.New York： Oxford UP， 1999.
[4]. Princeton University.29 July 2012.
[5]Xu Qianhui How to Read English Literature in an Efficient Way 4 August 2012.。