Body Language
body language词汇汇编
(3)______________, Out of curiosity he opened the box.
出于好奇心，他打开了盒子。
3．approach vt. 向…靠近=get close to
n. 入门，接近；方法，途径
approach sb. on/about sth. 与某人商量某事
a new approach to language teaching 一种新的
12．spoken adj.口语的 →unspoken adj.非口语的；未说出口的 13．function n．作用；功能；职能 vi.起作用；运转 14．truly adv.真实地；真诚地；真正地 15．false adj.错误的；假的 16．anger n．怒气；怒火→angry adj.生气的
17．subjective adj.主观的→subject n.主题；对象
18．rank n．等级；军衔
1．defend against 保卫……以免受
2．on the contrary 相反地
3．in the same way 以相同的方式
4．at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在 5．turn one’s back to 背对；背弃 6．get close to 靠近；接近
2．curious adj.好奇的
curiously adv. 好奇地
curiosity n. 好奇心
be curious about 对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth. 渴望做……
from/out of curiosity 出于好奇
meet/satisfy one’s curiosity 满足某人的好奇心
with curiosity＝curiously 好奇地
肢体语言 body language
肢体语言(body language)是指能够传递某种特定信息的面部表情、手势语，以及其他身体部位的动作等等。
它在人际交往过程中起着非常重要的作用。
由于社会的发展，国与国之间的交流不断加强，西方的许多肢体语言在我国也已经被认同，还有一些被普遍适用。
比如：西方人往往指胸口来表示“我”。
大拇指朝上，表示“好”；但大拇指朝下则表示“坏，糟透了”。
还有用大拇指指尖与食指指尖相接成Ｏ形，伸直其余三个指头，表示OK，即“正常”、“顺利”、“没问题”。
伸出食指和中指成V形，表示victory(胜利)。
如果招手示意别人过来，他们是伸出手，掌心朝上，捏拢四指，前后弯动食指。
当然，在中国和西方国家中，肢体语言其含义也存在不同程度上的差异。
不过，很多肢体语言表达的含义还是一致的，比如，点头表示：同意或者表示明白了，听懂了；眉毛上扬表示：不相信或惊讶；避免目光接触意味着：冷漠，逃避，不关心，没有安全感，消极，恐惧或紧张等；摇头表示：不同意；鼓掌：赞成或高兴等等，但是在这里，我们主要通过分类来说明，在不同的文化背景下，不同的肢体语言在不同程度上所存在的差异，了解从中体现出来的文化差异，从而提高我们学习语言的兴趣。
一、动作一样，意义不同(the same action，different meaning)。
如下例：1. 跺脚(stamp one’s foot)：在中国人看来，表示气愤，恼怒，灰心，悔恨。
比如说：气得直跺脚。
而它的英文含义则是不耐烦，比如：give a stamp of impatience(不耐烦得跺脚)。
2. 目不转睛地看(look with fixed gaze)：其中文含义是：好奇；有时是惊讶。
比如，孩子们目不转睛地盯着公园里的猴子；他目不转睛的看着科幻书上的飞碟等等。
而这个短语的英文含义则是不礼貌；使人发窘；不自在。
比如：Under his intense gaze she felt uncomfortable.(他目不转睛地看着她，使她觉得很不自在。
body language身体语言
• When standing and walking, one puts his two arms on the back with one hand holding the other arm to show the embittering of one’s anger or the attempt to control oneself. • 站立和走路时，双臂背 后并且用一只手握住另 一只手臂，就表明愤怒 情绪加重。也说明动作 者更想克制自己。
Arm gesture 臂部动作
• When standing or walking, one may put his two arms on his back with one hand holding the other palm to indicate superiority complex and selfconfidence. • 站立和走路时，双臂背后 并且用一只手握住另一只 手掌，显示的往往是一种 优越感和自信心。
FACE
LIPS AND MOUTH
yawn
sneeze
smile
Whistle
spit
kiss
Hand shaking 握手
• A firm handshake is a common way to shake hands with others.
沉着有力的握手：常 见的握手方式。
•
• A finger shake always happens when women and men shake hands.
Eye contact
眼部动作
• Thou tell's me there is murder in mine eye. ---- Shakespeare • Your lips tell me no, no, but there’s yes, yes in your eyes. ---- Musical ballad
Body Language
Body Language1. IntroductionBody language is used by people for sending messages to one another. It is very useful because it can help you make yourself easily understood. People can communicate with each other through not only verbal communication but also nonverbal communication. Moreover, the latter plays an essential role in human communication. Many people pay great attention to the acceptance and correctness of the verbal communication and overlook the influence and cultural difference of nonverbal communication. Then the misunderstanding and cultural crash often occur in the cross-cultural communication. So in the process of communication, it is not a complete communication while ignoring the cultural differences of nonverbal communication. A famous anthropologist E.T.Hall pointed out ―Silent language expresses more information than verbal language. Because it contains much information.‖ According to some researchers abroad, in people’s daily life, nonverbal communication takes part over 65% in all of information exchange. And body language is an important part of nonverbal communication. Many experts have shown the importance of body language in the cross-cultural communication. ―A psychologist proposed a formula: the total impact of message = 7% verbal + 38% vocal +55% facial expressions and behavior.‖[1] It is clear without body language we can’t finish our informational exchange. Body language, like verbal language can express emotions, exchange ideas and deliver information. So we must know the cultural differences of body language to achieve efficient communication.2 The definition and the importance of body language2.1 DefinitionThere’s language in her eyes, her cheek, her lip, Nay, her foot speaks. ---Shakespeare When we speak, we use much more than just words. We also communicate with our face, our hands, and even our own body. This kind of communication can be called ―body language‖ or ―non-verbal communication‖.The world’s best business communicators have strong body language: a commanding presence that reflects confidence, competence, and charisma. Body language refers to the use of facial expressions, gestures and physical contact to express a message. Body language is an important part of nonverbal communication and it is used by people for sending messages to one another. It is very useful because it can help you make yourself easily understood. When you are talking with others, you are not just using words, but also using expressions and gestures. For example, waving ones hand is to say ―Good-bye.‖A smile and handshake show welcome, and clapping hands means congratulations. Nodding the head means agreement, but shaking the head means disagreement. The gestures are accepted both by Chinese and foreigners as having the same meanings. Different countries have different body language. For example, men in Russia, France and Arab countries kiss each other when they meet, but men in China or Australia shake hands instead of kissing. People in Puerto Rio like touching each other, but people from English speaking countries do not touth each other. If you touch an English person, you should say ―Sorry.‖ People in Arab countries like standing close to one another when they are talking, but English people must keep a distance away when they are talking. In some Asian countries, you must not touch the head of another person. In Arab countries, you eat using the fingers of your right land, the left hand is not used at all. In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person.2.2 ImportanceCommunication tool as a community language is the carrier of culture, but also an integral part of culture. The language reflects the prism of different nationalities, different cultural environment, lifestyle, ideas, religious rituals, values and thinking habits. So cultural differences the same gestures in different countries sometimes have different meaning. We communicate with more than the words we speak. Words are only one part of communication. Beyond voice communication, there are the messages our bodies send out constant. Research shows language only play the role of the expression of seven percent everyday. Sometimes the body message reinforces the words. Sometimes it contradicts them. Sometimes the messages are sent with noaccompanying words and we speak in body language alone. Body language, like our verbal language, is also a part of our culture. People in the exchange, there will be unconscious of the use of body language. Body language is an expression of one’s inner world of silence and an authentic language, non-verbal means of the most eye-catching. Body Language includes space dominance, eyes contact, physical contact, posture movements, facial expressions, etc. But not all body language has the same meaning for different people. Different people have different ways of making nonverbal communication. Are our voices loud, angry, overbearing, confident, soft, and shy? The quality of a voice can communicate as much as the words. The same words can be tender, mocking, sarcastic or angry, depending on how they are said. We can signal our own authority by talking in a loud, overbearing way. We can use the same words to signal our humility by talking softly and hesitantly. To learn the correct hand signals to communicate with others will make you happier.3. A comparative study of body language between Chinese and English-speaking countries3.1 Comparative study of physical contactPhysical contact also may mean different things in different culture. Figures from a study offer interesting insight into this matter. Pairs of individuals sitting and chatting in college shops in different places were observed for at least one hour each.In English-speaking countries,physical contact is generally avoided in conversation among ordinary friends or acquaintances. Merely touching someone may cause an unpleasant reaction. If one touches another person accidentally, she\he often says ―Sorry,I’m sorry‖[2].As we know, our Chinese often fondle the babies and little children who look very lovely, and the mother of the baby may not feel any awkward but pride. But Western mothers will feel embarrassing about this. Even they know that such gestures are just signs of friendliness. They still feel displeasure. As such actions in their own culture woule be considered rude, offensive.Besides the form of touching, let’s take up the matter of hugging and embracing in public. In many countries, many women hug and kiss. In most of the English-speaking countries, it also occurs frequently between husband and wife and other members in the family. Hugging and embracing among men is a different matter. Among Arabs, Russians, French and in several of the east European and Mediterranean countries, a warm hug and a kiss on the cheeks between the man are to show welcome. In east Asia and in the English-speaking countries, though, the action is seldom seen. They just shake hands in common. The matter of physical contact between members of the same sex in English-speaking countries is a delicate one. In their childhood, the holding of hands or walking with an arm around another’s shoulder is not considered proper. The implication is homosexuality, and homosexuality generally arouses strong social disapproval in those countries.3.2 Comparative study of facial expressionsFacial expression is the most expressive part of the body. It’s capable of conveying emotions. Different cultures have many different or same facial expressions. Laughing means happiness and crying indicates sadness. Since the expression of emotions is acquired in the background of cultures, facial expressions varies among cultures. Smacking means delicious in China, while it means ―have no savor‖ in English-speaking countries. Lolling out tongue indicates shyness for Han race and politeness to strange heterosexual guests for Tibetan, whereas it indicates contempt, jeer or resistance for American children. Because the traditional cultures and the affects toward certain thing are not the same, facial expressions would be different. For example, when Chinese are praised by others, they would take on negative facial expression, indicating ―I don’t believe.‖ ―I can’t accept.‖ When English are praised, they would say, ―Thank you!‖ with a smile. Chinese would consider this attitude as immodesty and pride. All of these as determined by the features of cultures.Smiles and laughter are the common character of human. They usually convey friendliness, approval, satisfaction, pleasure, joy and merriment. But their meanings also vary from culture to culture. In cross-cultural communication, there are many misunderstandings caused by smile. English people usually can’t understand Chinesefacial expressions and smiles. Some even call Chinese smile as inscrutable. There are two reasons.a. Chinese smile often isn’t accordant with c ontextFor instance, when an American is parking his bicycle, and the bicycle accidentally falls over, he feels embarrassed at his awkwardness, and is quite angered and humiliated when Chinese onlookers laugh. Such laughter, of course is not at the person or his misfortune—whether he be a foreigner or a Chinese. It can convey a number of meanings; don’t take it so seriously; or laugh it of, or it is nothing; or such things can happen to anyone, etc. But in America, onlookers should reflect such context with clear sympathetic feelings.b. English people think Chinese feelings are too implicit and are not often taken on face Even there is some disaster happening to them, Chinese people would also smile at guests. But if something unfortunate happens to English people, they would not conceal their sad feeling intentionally. There are more facial expressions and gestures in English-speaking countries, especially in America. American adults always encourage their children to show themselves and to form extroverted character, which would elicit more facial expressions. But Chinese adults often warn their children not to display their emotions, so most of their children own an introverted and implicit character.3.3 Comparative study of eye contactEye contact is an delicate aspect of body language. Eyes play a large part in communication. It helps to regulate the flow of communication. It signals interest in others and increases the speaker’s credibility. People who make eye contact open the flow of communication and convey interest, concern, warmth, and credibility.It’s one of the most common and ancient ways of exchanging feelings between people. In drama, poetry, fiction and music, eyes have always been a fascinating topic: Shakespeare’s ―thou tell me there is murder in mine eye‖ Bob Dylan’s ―Your eyes said more to me that night than y our lips would ever say.‖ Lyric: ― Your lips tell me no, no, but there’s yes, yes in your eyes.‖As saying goes ―The eyes are the window of the soul‖. That is to say, we can read one’s mind through his/her eyes. Eye language can express complicated feelings and it is an important way to judge the intimacy ofcommunicators.People from English speaking countries have more eye contact when they are in conversation. According to American tradition, communicators must gaze at each other. ―But there are many rules about eye language: Whether to look at the other communicator or not; when it is the time to look at them, how long we can look at; who we can look at and who we can’t; they all i mply different meanings in communication.‖[4] In Juliets Faster’s book ―Body Language‖, there is a paragraph which can explain the problem. Two strangers sit face to face in the dinning room in a train; they can introduce themselves to each other. When they are eating, they can talk anything else. They also can avoid eye contact and do not show interest in each other. A writer described this situation in an article, ―They look over the menu again and again, play with knives and look at their nails.‖ It seems that they look at them for the first time. If their eyes meet, they will turn away immediately and look out of the window.‖Americans pay great attention to the time and the way of eye contact. In common conversation, they will look at each other about one minute and then they will look away. If two Americans gaze at each other, which indicate they are intimate. In North America, the children there have learned to look at the other communicator directly. If they don’t, they are regarded lack of enthusiasm or confidence. They believe the saying ―Never trust a person who can’t look you in the eyes.‖[5]If two Arabians are in conversation, they will look at each other warmly. Because they think eyes are the key of their existence. But in American eyes, they think this behavior is unsuitable or a homosexual behavior. The educated Englishmen believe direct eye contact with our communicators is gentlemanly. But Swedenians use eye language more often than Englishmen. And the French especially like to look attentively at the other communicators with admiration. Japanese often look at the other communicator’s neck when they are in conversation. They believe eye contact is impolite. And Chinese consider gazing people is an unfriendly behavior and it is a challenge. Some South American Indians used to look at different directions when they are talking. In the Middle East, it is considered extremely provocative for a woman to let a man catch her eyes, let alone, return his gaze. Another example, Americans have a trip to a village andthe local people stare at them. They are annoyed and think the local people are rude. In fact, it is normal in the village. They are just curious. ―American social psychologist Michael Argyle found out: People who like each other have more eye-contact than people who dislike each other.‖ In communication, looking down frequently can indicate submissiveness or embarrassment. Looking away constantly may express dissatisfaction. Females are likely to communicate with more eye contact, especially among females. But too long eye contact will cause embarrassment. Most people feel uneasy and uncomfortable under the strong staring. When people always stare at us, we will feel we are threatened or suspect their sincerity. From what is mentioned above we can conclude that different cultural background has a great influence on body language. And eye language also reflects different cultures and believes. So we need to observe and compare and contrast carefully so as to improve cultural exchange and to blend well.3.4 Comparative study of postures―Posture is a matter of how people sit, walk, stand and move.‖[6] What kind of posture people use also can reflect the cultural differences between east and west. ―Hewes pointed out culture mostly determined what kind of postures people use and the meaning and emotion they suggested.‖According to Chinese tradition, people who are sitting have right to take charge of others: Monarch sits and officer stands; father sits and son stands; leader sits and employee stands and so on. So the younger give the old a seat to show respect. But in America and Britain, people who are in charge of others have tendency to stand. They will make use of the height of space to indicate the high status. People who have high status choose to sit when they are conversing with you, which mean they want to create harmonious and equal atmosphere and lessen space. So adults will bend down when they are talking to children. Froyd once said, ― No one can really keep secret. If he does not talk and keep silent, he will talk with his fingers. In a whole, part of his body will sell him out.‖ In fact, this statement refers that people’s postures, attitude and other body language can deliver more hidden information. People may control their facial expressions successfully and appear calm. But they do not realize that his nervousness and eagerness have let out from his body language. Their feet may be stamping on thefloor. Madness is the emotion that may let out from our feet and legs. ―When we are quarrelling with others, our feet will be nervous and trembling unconsciously.‖[7] And females will make some teasing postures with their legs. And postures can also reflect people’s attitude towards their communicators. The research indicated: males communi cate with the person they don’t like, whether they are relaxed or nervous determined by whether their communicators are threatening or not. In this experiment, females will express dislike with very relaxing postures. Postures will be the clue of the internal relationship of a group. For example, Guests are quarrelling because of dispute; we can make out the two quarrelling parts by their postures. People who agree with them will put their legs on the other legs. And people who are against will stretch out their legs straight. And some neutral people will hold arms. Somebody suddenly changes his/her postures, which may mean he disagrees with the person who is speaking or he/she is changing his/her mind. For example, People from English speaking countries prefer kneeling or sitting on the ground to bending down. They think it is the posture of uncultivated people when they are surrounding the fire, and they are willing to kneel or sit on the ground. But people from the countryside of Northern China get used to this posture. In Indonesia, people often bow and put the other people’s hand on their forehead to express modesty. But Americans will not do it. American’s informalness is famous. Teachers can sit on the platform or desk when they are teaching. And the st udents needn’t to sit straight. But in China, people are required to have a good manner. For example, In interpersonal communication, good manners show great respect to the other people. For example, having an interview for job-hunting, we should behave well. And we can conclude something from people’s posture. When we listen to people, we believe they are more energetic, confident and competent if they stand erect. On the other hand, when we see a person slouching over a lectern or standing lazily, we make a negative interpretation. We say the person is not very interested in what they are discussing.3.5 Comparative study of gesturesGesture is the expressive movement of a part of body, especially the hand and the head. Although people are normally not aware of it, they use gestures when they aretalking. If they want to understand gestures correctly, they must take the context or situation into consideration, otherwise gestures can be confusing indeed. For instance, a thumb in the air might mean a request for a ride on the highway or ―ok‖ on the launch pad. To touch the nose can indicate ―dishonesty‖ in conversation or ―failure‖ in contexts such as a game of chess. As with verbal language, nonverbal codes are not universal. A lot of gestures vary from culture to culture.3.5.1 The same meaning shown by different gesturesIn different countries, the different gestures would also have the same meaning. Chinese and English-speaking countries:Bad Raising little finger Thumb down“I don’t know‖ Shaking the head or waving the hand Shrugging the shoulders;“Come here‖ Hand extended toward person, palm open and down, with all fingers crooked in a beckoning motion Hand extended toward person, closed hand, palm up, with forefinger only moving back and forth;“Shame on you!‖ (semi-joking gesture) Forefinger of one hand extended, tip touches one’s face several times quickly, similar to scratching, but with the forefinger straight Forefinger of each hand extended, palms down in fron t of one’s body, one forefinger makes several brushing movements over the back of the other forefinger;Welcome, congratulation Applauding and clapping hands Applauding and snapping one’s fingers;“I’m very full‖ after a meal, one or both hands open, light ly patting one’s own stomach Hand raised to throat, fingers extended, palm down;High praise, the best thumb up closed hand, forefinger up;“No, don’t do that‖ Moving the head from side to side Moving the index finger from side to side;“That’s crazy!‖―He/she is crazy!‖ Moving the index finger from side to side Moving the index finger in a circle in front of the ear.3.5.2 The same gestures with different meaning in different culturesSince the cultures in different countries are different, the same gesture would have different meanings in different countries.Chinese and English-speaking countries:Raising forefinger and middle finger to form a ―V‖ The figure of two Victory;Making a circle with thumb and index finger while extending others The figure of zero or three Ok;Hand raised to throat, fingers extended, palm down Suicide I’m very full;Moving the index finger in a circle in front of the ear Think about Think of That’s crazy! He/she is crazy;Thumb up High praise, Good a request for ride on the highway;Index finger touches the temple or the forehead He/she is very foolish. There is something wrong with his/her mind. He/she is very clever/intelligent;Hand extended toward person, palm open and down, with all fingers crooked in a beckoning motion come here goodbye;Forefinger near lips with the sound ―shhh‖ disapproval, hissing be silent/quiet;A speaker or performer clapping at the same time audience applauds appreciation, mutual positive feeling immodest, applauding oneself.4. The significance of Comparative studyIn intercultural communication, it is very important for us to understand the body language. Body language varies from culture to culture. So, the significance of studying and researching body language. is to help foreign language learners and communicators exclude the interference of cultural differences. Moreover, body language has international character. People who live in different countries and speak different languages can communicate through body language. Sometimes body language can be used alone, but sometimes it must be used together with verbal language. If one can’t use body language properly, he can’t achieve communicative purpose well and he will make another one unhappy or make himself embarrassed. Help commmunicate effectively and efficiently4.1 Be tolerant and avoid prejudicesBecause of different cultures, we will meet difficulties in communicating. We should be tolerant of others’ mistakes, for it is impossible for a person to know all countries’ body languages, but we sh ould try our best to avoid others’ prejudices. Whether aChinese or a foreigner, he shouldn’t take it too seriously because any of us may make such mistakes. However, for most people are unaware of this attitude, the reaction to such laughter is quite unpleasant and often generates ill feeling.4.2 Appreciate similarities and accept differencesThe origin of culture in different countries is different. We should respect his custom and reserve our culture.A comparative study of Chinese and Americans’ body language shows a number of similarities. For example, men don’t hug or embrace when meeting.A handshake is the most common gesture to show greeting. It has the same meaning as the waving hand to say ―goodbye‖. A frown shows displeasure, and ―wrinkle‖ of o ne’s nose is a sign of dislike, disgust or disapproval; nodding means ―yes‖, and shaking one’s hand means ―no‖. Pouting has the same meaning–displeasure, bad humor; a pat on the back of a man or boy indicates approval, praise, encouragement; gritting one’s teeth may express anger, fury or determination.Of course, there is some difference. Black children often don’t look at the teacher because their parents told them that it’s impolite. White children stare at the teacher’s eyes not only implies that they are listening to the teacher carefully, but also shows their loyalty. In Asian countries, when speaking, stare at others is impolite, too. Especially, when a subordinate listens to the leader, he often looks down. In Arabian countries, it is the same as white people.5. ConclusionThe study of body language should be complementary to the study of language. In order to communicate effectively in a foreign language, one should know also the facial expressions, gestures, postures and physical contact. In human communication, people use body language to communicate, as well as verbal language. Body language is belongs to the scope of nonverbal communication. Body language plays an important role in our life. Body language, like verbal language, is also a part of culture. But in different cultures body language means the different things. Different people have different ways of making nonverbal communication. Understanding the different cultural implication of English-speaking countries and Chinese body language canpromote people’s cross-cultural communication competence, reinforce the heart-to-heart understanding. This study is helpful for people to diminish or avoid misunderstandings caused by the cultural differences of body language.Bibliography[1]Fast, Julius. Body Language [M].New York: Pocket Books, 1971.[2]Liu Yongfa. The Practical Body Language[M].Beijing:Hua Wen Press, 1997.[3]Samovar,L.A. Understanding Intercultural Communication[J]. WadsworthPublishing Company, 1981.[4]Shen Minxian. The Use of the Body Language in Elementary School[J]. ShanghaiEducation, 1999.[5]Stern,H. H. Fundamental Concepts of Language Teaching[M]. London: Oxforduniversity press. 1983.[6]毕继万. 跨文化非语言交际[M]. 北京：北京外语教学与研究出版，1999.[7]胡文仲. 跨文化交际学概论[M]. 北京：北京外语教学与研究出版社，1991.AcknowledgementsAt the point of finishing this paper, I’d like to express my sincere thanks to all those who have lent me hands in the course of my writing this paper. First of all, I'd like to take this opportunity to show my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Miss Gao, who has given me so much useful advices on my writing, and has tried her best to improve my paper. Secondly, I’d like to express my gratitude t o my classmates who offered me references and information on time. Last but not the least, I’d like to thank those leaders, teachers and classmate. Without their help, it would be much harder for me to finish my study and this paper.。
必修四unit4Bodylanguage课文
2.bows 3.shakes hands
Visitor <Japan>
George Cook <Canada>
4.approaches others closely and touches their shoulder and kisses them on the cheek
Madame Coulon <France>
He _r_e_a_c_h_e_d_ __h_is_____ __h_a_n_d__ __o_u_t____ to the Japanese.
Para3 Is the author of this passage male or female? How do you know?
The author is male. Ahmed Aziz will not shake hands with women, but he shakes hands with the author.
• Para4
• As_I__g_et__to__k_n_o_w___more international friends, I learn more about this cultural "body language". __N_o_t_a__ll_cultures greet each other the same way, ___n_o_r_are they comfortable in the
not 与all, both, every, each 及含every 的合成词连用时,无 论not位于这些词的前面还是后面,都构成部分否定,意为 "并非所有的… …都… …"
表示全部否定,要用none, neither, no one, nothing或no等 来表示或借用never, not…at all来进行全部否定.
2019人教版选修一Unit 4 Body Language课文翻译
Listening and thinking P38Listening to How Bodies Talk倾听身体的诉说We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions with other people. We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language. Words are important, but the way people stand, hold their arms, and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings.在与他人交流时，我们既使用言语也通过身势语来表达我们的想法和观点。
通过观察别人的身势语，我们可以了解很多他们的想法。
言语固然重要，但是人们站立、握紧手臂、移动双手的方式也能帮助我们了解他们的情绪。
Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture. The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in. For example, making eye contact—looking into someone’s eyes—in some countries is a way to display interest. In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of. For example, in many Middle Eastern countries, men and women are not socially permitted to make eye contact. In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person.就像口头语言一样，身势语因文化而异。
Body-language 词汇
• Part of the students live in the dormitory.
一部分学生住在宿舍。
• The students often have meals at this canteen.
学生们经常到这个食堂吃饭。
• 6 flight 航班 • I'll book you on a direct flight to London.
• 2 greet vt. 迎接, 问候, 致敬, • He made his way through the crowd to greet us.
他穿过人群向我们打招呼。
She jumped out of her chair to greet her father.
她从椅子上跳起来迎接她父亲。
• 3 represent vt. 表现, 表示, 描绘, 代 表, 象征, 说明, 阐明 • I know who you are and whom you represent.
我须字斟句酌免生误解。
• That's clearly an misunderstanding.
那无疑是个误会了。
misunderstand
v 误会
I guess you probably misunderstand me. 我猜你可能误解我了。
• 13 dash v&n. 猛冲, 猛跑 • He came dashing through the door. • He dashed across the street and ran towards me.
请允许介绍我自己。我叫汉克· 约翰逊。
• May I do the honours and introduce you? 我可以尽主人之谊，把你们介绍 一下吗？ introduction
bodylanguage课件
培训课程
参加专门的肢体语言培训课程，系统学习肢 体语言的原理、技巧和方法，接受专业指导 和评估，进一步提高自己的肢体语言能力。
06
Body Language 的误区 与注意事项
不要过度解读
01
避免主观臆断
在解读肢体语言时，要避免过 度解读或主观臆断，以免产生
误解。
02
考虑情境因素
肢体语言的解读需要结合具体 的情境和背景，不能仅凭某个
社交场合
在社交场合中，肢体语言可以帮助我们 更好地与他人建立联系和互动。通过微 笑、点头、握手等肢体语言，可以表达 出友好、尊重和关注，从而促进人际关
系的建立和发展。
例如，当你与陌生人交谈时，你可以通 过微笑和保持眼神接触来表达出友好和
兴趣，使对方感到舒适和受到尊重。
在参加派对或聚会时，注意保持良好的 姿态和自信的肢体语言，这可以让你在 人群中脱颖而出，吸引更多人的关注和
Body Language 课件
目录
• Body Language 简介 • Body Language 的基本元素 • Body Language 的解读 • Body Language 的应用
目录
• Body Language 的训练与提高 • Body Language 的误区与注意事项
01
心理咨询与治疗
例如，当客户在讲述自己的问题时，他们的肢体动作 和表情可以反映出他们的情感状态。如果客户显得紧 张或不安，咨询师可以采取适当的措施来缓解他们的 情绪。
单击此处添加正文，文字是您思想的提一一二三四五 六七八九一二三四五六七八九一二三四五六七八九文 ，单击此处添加正文，文字是您思想的提炼，为了最 终呈现发布的良好效果单击此4*25}
Body language肢体语言
摘要中国与美国由于地域，种族，思考方式等方面的不同造成了不同的文化差异，而这种不同的文化差异体现在跨文化交际上。
人类的交际包括语言交际和非语言交际。
其中非语言交际在交际起着十分重要的作用。
身势语作为非语言交际的一种方式，和文化紧密联系在一起。
它们由文化制约并拥有独特的文化内涵,又因不同的社会和文化导致了人们的误解与误用。
为了在跨文化交际中能够成功地进行交流，我们应该了解不同文化的身势语，也就是说，身势语在不同文化背景下有不同的含义，行使着不同的社会功能。
本文从跨文化交际的涵义引出非语言交际的重要性，接着从非语言交际引出身势语。
阐述了身势语的重要性。
本文致力于从目光语，手势语，身体姿态，面部表情，体触语方面对不同文化的身势语进行对比，从而进一步说明身势语社会性、民族性、可控制性的基本特点和伴随性、象征性以及流露情感的功能。
下文接着分析如果在跨文化交际中运用不当的身势语会产生什么歧义和后果。
要尽量避免运用错误的身体语言。
本文目的在于通过列举研究中美身势语的不同分析了解中国与西方国家在文化、交流、习俗、思想等各方面文化差异，发掘不同文化下体现具有差异的外在表现，分析其不同的根源，并提出交际中遵循的原则，从而促进有效交流，避免误解。
关键词：非语言交际；身势语；文化差异；功能；特点AbstractThere are some cultural differences between Chinese and American because of different regions, races and methods of thinking, etc. All these different cultures embody on intercultural communication. Human communication is conducted through verbal communication and non-verbal communication, of which non-verbal communication plays a very important role. Body language is an important part of non-verbal communication and it is connected with culture, and it is restricted by its culture and has different cultural connotations. Misunderstanding and conflicts sometimes occur in the process of intercultural communication due to cultural differences and improper uses of body languages. In order to make successful exchange in intercultural communication, we should know the body language from different cultures. That is to say, body language has different meanings in different cultures and has different social functions. This paper begins with the definition of the intercultural communication, and it leads the non-verbal communication out. All this chapter tells the importances of body language. This paper makes a study of the cultural differences and devotes to analyzing the cultural differences between Chinese and American with comparison of body languages in hand gesture, eye contact, touching, and posture, etc. Its three features have been illustrated, it includes sociality, nationality, and controllability. Its three main functions include accompanying, being symbolic, revealing the feeling of body language between Chinese and American. The study of body language makes us understand others very well. It aims to show the differences of body language and put forward theprinciples of reducing barriers in communication so as to achieve efficient communication and to avoid misunderstanding.Keywords：non-verbal communication; body language; cultural differences; functions; featuresTable of ContentsOutline (1)Introduction (3)Chapter I The Importance of Body Language (5)1.1Definition of the Intercultural Communication (5)1.2The Significance of Non-verbal Communication (5)1.3The Significance of Body Language (7)Chapter II The Features and Main Functions of Body Language and the Cultural Differences between Chinese and American (9)2.1 The Features and Functions of Body Language (9)2.2 Analyze Cultural Differences of Body Language (11)2.2.1 The Differences of F acial Expression (11)2.2.2 The Differences of E ye Contact (13)2.2.3 The Differences of T ouching (14)2.2.4 The Differences of Gestures and M ovement (15)Chapter III The Results of Using Body Language Improperly between Chinese and American (17)Conclusion (19)Bibliography (20)Acknowledgements (22)OutlineThesis statement: Body language plays a very important role in communication. We can make a better understanding of the cultural differences between Chinese and American when analyzing the different cultures with comparison of body language in hand gesture, eye contact, touching, and posture, etc. It is possible for us to exchange information successfully and to behave in proper ways without making too many mistakes. As a result, Chinese and American can understand each other better, achieving effective communication.I. Chinese and American have many different cultures because of their different histories, regions, races and methods of thinking, etc. Body language is the most natural part of non-verbal communication and it helps verbal-communication achieve effective communication.A. Intercultural communication is the methods of communication between Chinese andAmerican. Intercultural communication can be divided into verbal communication and non-verbal communication.B.Nonverbal communication plays a very important role in the whole communication.C. Body language is the most natural part of non-verbal communication and it helpsverbal-communication achieve effective communication.II. Cultural differences can be analyzed with introducing the features and main functions of body language.A.To introducing the features of body language including sociality, nationality, andcontrollability, and the main functions of body language including accompanying, symbolic and revealing the feeling.B. To analyze cultural differences between Chinese and American in four aspects.1. Facial Expression between American and Chinese is different.2. Eye Contact between American and Chinese is different.3. Touching between American and Chinese is different.4. Gestures and movement between American and Chinese is different.III. The results of using body language improperly between Chinese and American are producing more conflicts and misunderstanding.Ⅳ. Conclusion: When analyzing the Chinese and American culture, it just to pay attention to how people use non-verbal cues. Body language bears relations with cultures. It is also the carrier of cultures, and varies from culture to culture. So the aim of studying and researching non-verbal communication is to help us exclude the interference of cultural differences. As a non-verbal communication, body language can help us solve a lot of problems in intercultural communication between people and people, or western countries and our country. In order to make a successful intercultural communication, we should know the body language of different cultures.IntroductionChinese and American have many different cultures because of their different histories, regions, races and methods of thinking, etc. All these different cultures embody on intercultural communication.It is the process of communication between people from different cultural backgrounds. Intercultural communication can be divided into two types: verbal communication and non-verbal communication. The non-verbal which is connected with cultures and it is the result of cultural communication. As an important part of non-verbal communication, it is important to note that body language has different meanings in different cultures.Body language is one of means of non-verbal communication. It is the most natural part of non-verbal communication and it helps verbal-communication achieve effective communication. Body language is also interlinked with spoken language and a whole pattern of behavior from a person. Because Chinese and American have their own historical, cultural background and the different cultures, the Chinese and American express differently and it is quite different when the people using body language. The differences bring many communication problems in the non-verbal reality about a lot of obstacles, misunderstanding and conflicts.When analyzing the Chinese and American culture, it just to pay attention to how people use non-verbal cues. This paper makes a study of the cultural differences and comparison of body language in different cultures in terms of hand gesture, eye behavior, facial expressions, and posture, etc. between Chinese and American. Different cultures have different ways ofusing non-verbal communication. Being a branch of the means of non-verbal communication, body language can help us solve a lot of problems we meet. The study of body language makes us understand others very well and behave in proper ways without making too many mistakes, only in this way, can we break down obstacles, which, in turn, Chinese and American can understand each other better and achieve effective communication.Chapter I The Importance of Body Language1.1Definition of the Intercultural CommunicationChinese and American have many different cultures because of their different histories, regions, races and methods of thinking, etc. It is restricted by its culture and has different cultural connotations. All about these different cultures embody on communications which the culture influences. Different countries have different cultures, so the way people in different countries communicate is different too. The intercultural communication is the methods of communication between Chinese and American. What is intercultural communication? Intercultural communication is the process of communication between people from different cultural backgrounds. It can be divided into two types: verbal communication and non-verbal communication. Using language to communicate is called verbal communication. ―When we speak, we use much more than just words. We also communicate with our face, our hands, and even our own bodies. This kind of communication can be called ‗body language‘or‗non–verba l communication‘.‖ (Joseph A 229). So another kind that is often overlooked by us but plays a very important role in communication is non-verbal communication.1.2 The Significance of Non-verbal CommunicationNon-verbal communication mainly expresses real emotion and attitude through facial expression, posture, eye behavior, clothes, sound, etc. For instance, waving hand is to show farewell; offering our hand with a slight smile to others means welcome. When listening to areport, people lean against the chair, which suggests that they are not interested in the report. Non-verbal communication has a close relationship with historical culture of nations, so, the meaning it expresses differs from nation to nation and the differences bring about a lot of obstacles, misunderstanding and conflicts. ―Edward T. Hall claims that the reason why we meet so much trouble in communicating with foreigners is we know only a little about intercultural communication‖ (Xiao 98). This indicates that it is important for us to have a good command of communication including verbal and non-verbal. Generally speaking, non-verbal communication can make effects independently in communication and it can be a complement of verbal communication too. Because of the language barrier, people communicate with one another not only through verbal communication but also through non-verbal communication. Non-verbal communication, like verbal communication is also a part of culture and the carrier of a certain culture. The function of non-verbal communication in the whole communication can‘t be overlooked. ―In the daily communication, we can see people can‘t communicate efficiently by verbal language alone. And non-verbal communication will express clear meanings in a certain context. And a certain non-verbal communication should be connected with verbal communication or the other non-verbal communication to provide correct information.‖(Li 37). So in communicative activities, non- verbal communication also plays a great role. Of course, we should pay close attention to the functions of non-verbal communication. ―In any case, when verbal communication conflicts with non-verbal communication, people are willing to accept the information non-verbal communication delivers. Because non-verbal communication sounds more natural, moreinstinctive and it is hard to pretend.‖(Xu 90). Obviously, we should make full use of non- verbal communication to achieve efficient communication.1.3 The Significance of Body LanguageBody language is one of means of non-verbal communication. It is the most natural part of non-verbal communication and it helps verbal-communication achieve effective communication. Body language also takes a complementary role to help people transfer information to improve communication, which will be an indispensable power to break up language obstacles in intercultural communication. In the 21st century, as the economic and cultural exchanging of all countries becomes more and more frequent, there appear more obstacles caused by the differences of language and culture. In intercultural communication, one of the most useful ways to deal with the obstacles is to learn the importance of body language.Usually body language occurs unconsciously. Yet the body language we use lead to a large extent the quality of our communication. It follows that therefore it would be good to become conscious of our own and others' body language. It is important to note that body language has different meanings in different cultures. How we can interpret body language depends on the situation, the culture, the relationship we have with the person as well as the gender of the other. Body language is also interlinked with spoken language and a whole pattern of behavior from a person. As well as that, various body language signs can complement each other to make a particular meaning crystal clear or strengthen the meaningof what we communicate. Body language is greatly affected by social environment and accepted through common practice. It often becomes a distinctive culture. Every country, every nation, and even every region has its own historical and cultural background, so the body language people use is quite different. Body language is also called Kinesics, including eye contact, gestures, posture, facial expressions, and physical distance. As an important way of nonverbal communication, gestures are the silent and authentic language that can express peo ple‘s inner emotions. They are part of national culture. In order to understand a culture well and make the communication more effective, it is necessary to discuss the pragmatic features and functions of body language.Chapter II The Features and Main Functions of Body Language and the Cultural Differences between Chineseand American2.1The Features and Functions of Body LanguageBody language is so universal that it has the following common features and functions: The first feature is called sociality. Many linguists think that ―many body languages have a close relationship with our society and it will change as the society develops‖(Jia 426). ―Different age: kids like to be embraced by adults, but they hate it when they grow up; different environment: it is common for American to give a hug or a kiss to express emotion and attitude, more than si xty percent is finished by facial expression, gestures, postures, etc.‖ (Jia 449). ―This famous scholar indicates that face can make 250,000 kinds of expression and eyebrow can have 23 places.‖(Jia 456). Yang xiaoli once analyzed the Chinese phases and gets a conclusion that more than one hundred and sixty Chinese phrases are used to represent the context of body language and they can convey emotion and intention separately. ―The psychologist, Dav id Abercrombie also points out ‗We say with our phonetic organs, but we talk with the whole body.‖(Jia 448). Body language is nonverbal action that delivers information through posture, action including body movement and facial expressions.The second feature is called nationality. Although there is the same body language in different nations, such as, nodding head suggests positive and waving head infers negative and against, however, in some Asia countries, waving head is used to show people‘sagreement. Nodding head means agreement, self-identity, submission and permission in China, Japan, England and American, but it means disagreement in Bulgaria and Nepal.The last feature is called controllability. People can do some body movement consciously. For example, when a person is making a speech in public, if he touches his glasses or taps his pencil from time to time, it may indicate that the person is very nervous. In a lecture room, if the audience move their body or glance at their watch all the time, it may mean that this lecture is too boring. If people can be aware of all these cases, they may tend to control it even use a false body language to hide their real emotion. A skilled lecturer usually can show his confidence to the listeners though he is nervous because he makes a signal of confidence to cover it.The body languages have many functions on the human beings‘ communication .The main functions are the followings.The first function is called accompanying. It means that people do the related behaviors while they speaking, which are to illustrate and emphasize the meaning the speaker likes to express and reflect some kinds of psychological state. Gestures are also closely coordinated with speech and are made by a speaker to illustrate what he is saying, particularly when his verbal powers fail, or when objects of special shapes or sizes are being described. Hand gestures may be closely coordinated with speech to indicate the internal structure of utterance, and to control the synchronizing of utterances. Some gestures have come to be widely accepted and understood, such as handshake as a gesture that goes with greeting. However, it must be emphasized here that gestures vary in meaning from culture to culture. They can beparticularly troublesome, for a slight difference in making the gesture itself can mean something quite different from that extend. A wrong interpretation of a gesture can arouse quite unexpected reactions.The second function is called being symbolic. The symbolic gesture is usually a common etiquette which is established by the popular usage. In China, bringing together five fingers, crooking the hand to be a triangle and rising up beside the ear—this behavior is the gesture of raising flag used by the army. ―In America, the army has a different way for paying tribute: putting the hand ahead of the chest and stretch out the other hand quickly to the opposition of paying tribute. In the ceremony of raising flag, we can still see this gesture.‖ (Ding 154).The last function is called revealing the Feeling. In fact, the psychologist state that the expressions of human beings can be revealed on the behavior absolutely and unconsciously. Because the inner spirit state can spot the weak point on the behavior no matter what he conceals consciously.Everyone had been remembering the Watergate Affair which elicited the wholeworld scandal resulted in the falling if president Nixon appeared on thescreen .He touched his cheek and lower jaw conveniently which he was asked bythe reporter. These slighting touching appearances had never been seen before theWatergate Affair. The expert of body language confirmed that Nelson wad relatedto the Watergate Affair when they saw his touching behaviors .Because hisbehavior was a statement confessed without being pressed. (qtd. in Ronald B andJeanne M 154)2.2 Analyze Cultural Differences of Body Language2.2.1 The Differences of Facial ExpressionThe face has been calle d an ―organ of emotion‖ (Yao 64) because it is a very common way that we use to communicate and constantly to understand what others are feelingeveryday, such as, people make a big smile on their face when they feel very happy, whereas, they make a long face when they fell unhappy. Compare with words, facial expression is a natural way to reveal person‘s emotion and if offers vital clues to our own feeling. ―The re was once a dumb show called ‗eating chicken‘ at the spring festival party. The actor, Wang Jinyu, performed the whole process of eating chicken by his facial expressions and gestures without saying a single word, which gained a lot of applause.‖(Da 58). If he can not convey his true feeling and exaggerated postures of eating chicken, the performance would be a failure. The face is the most simple and important broadcaster of emotion among all non-verbal channels. Smiles and laughter are the common character of human. They usually convey friendliness, approval, satisfaction, pleasure, joy and merriment. But their meanings also vary from culture to culture. In cross-cultural communication, there are many misunderstandings caused by smile. American people usually can‘t understand Chinese facial expressions and smiles. Some even call Chinese smile as inscrutable. Chinese smile often isn‘t a ccordant with context.For instance, when an American is parking his bicycle, and the bicycleaccidentally falls over, he feels embarrassed at his awkwardness, and is quiteangered and humiliated when Chinese onlookers laugh. Such laughter, of courseis not at the person or his misfortune—whether he be a foreigner or a Chinese. Itcan convey a numbe r of meanings; don‘t take it so seriously; or laugh it of, or itis nothing; or such things can happen to anyone, etc. But in America, onlookersshould reflect such context with clear sympathetic feelings. (John and Peter H103).While making apologies the Chinese often use a smile either as a display of embarrassment or to placate the speaker. However, Americans don‘t accept apologies with a smile or expect to have far different facial reaction. When a mistake or unfortunate incident has occurred, an American will typically, either squeeze his or her lips together. In Chinasmile is an emergent way to break ice between people or ease up tense and embarrassment, but for people in America, smile at that occasion is a kind of insulted or ridicule. The reason why Chinese are different from American is American people show their direct feeling to the things had happened, and show emotions that are rooted deeply. However, Chinese have the concept of saving face. Americans do admire such disciplines and use it in different ways, but they seldom feel comfortable with it in reality. In addition, Chinese people usually are not show all the emotion on the face, because it is related to the feature about nationality. China is a nation which is modest, cautious, sometimes is suspicious, so the Chinese people sometimes do not want others to know what they are thinking about.2.2.2The Differences of Eye ContactEye contact is one of the most important aspects of dealing with others because eyes can give us a lot of real information. The eyes are highly expressive in most cultures. Gaze and glance are specific use of eye contact. They are important in all cultures, and can signal interest, attraction, approval, challenge, or merely turn-taking. Gaze is closely coordinated with speaking and listening, and provides useful feedback in a social encounter.Take Chinese and American cultures for an example, Chinese do not have much eye contact during conversation because in Chinese culture, staring at another for a long time is considered as an invasion of privacy, an act of defiance or demonstration of lack of trust. Contrasts to that, Americans require the person who they are interacting with to look at them in the eye during a conversation. They see eye contact as a sign of honesty and a lack of eye contact or shifty eyes as a sign of untruthfulness, contempt, fear, indifference, guilt or absenceof mind. It is known to all that China is a nation with a long and feudal history. The feudal society controls the nation with human power. The authority counts the final, so people in China seldom look at others so as to show their respect when a talk begins between the young and the old, but for American, they believe that ―Don‘t trust anybody who dare not look at you straightly.‖(William J and Beall Melissa L 118). People from America think that this eye-gazing is a kind of imperil, but they can not accept people don‘t look at each other when they are talking just as Chinese people do. They think that those people are impolite. From the above, we can see that the communicative function of eye behavior reflects different cultural background and different national mentality. The meanings are so complex that we should not understand the meaning of body language from our own understanding.2.2.3 The Differences of TouchingThe meanings we assign to being touched, and our reasons for touching others, help us gain insight into the communication encounter.Generally speaking, we can regard Americans as part of non-contact culture. Americans try their best to avoid touching strangers in public. For example, ―when Americans stand in line, they always try to keep a distance with others. If someone is too close with him, the first reaction is falling back. If not, he will incline aside and retrench his muscle; if the invader hasn‘t react to the signal, he will use the bag which he take with him and other things to protect him.‖(Kittie W and Larry L 137). Contrary to that, we can generalize China as a country of togetherness, which indicates that China belongs to contact culture. These two contradictory views can be clarified this way: although there is not much body contact ortouch in public among strangers, Chinese people stand closer and touch more among intimates than Americans who need more individual spaces.On the other hand, Chinese feel uneasy at the sight of hugging, embracing or kissing members of opposite sex in public, which is a common practice in American. It occurs frequently between husband and wife and close members of the family when meeting after a period of absence. A warm hug and embracing are a standard way of welcome. But these practices are seldom in China, for Chinese usually discourage the display of emotions and intimacy and thus forbid such touching in public, especially from an opposite sex. Chinese people are more shy, conservative and implicit than American.2.2.4 The Differences of Gestures and MovementGestures are an important component of non-verbal communication. Without gestures, our world would be static and colorless.We may literally roll up our sleeves when talking about cleaning up the room andrun to meet the person we are eager to see. It seems natural to clench our fist orperhaps even pound to the lectern to let everyone realize the importance of ourmessage when trying to communicate a strong feeling, which emphasizes ourwords. (Li and Yao 64)In our daily life, everyone makes gestures, but many gestures have distinct regional and cultural features. ―Don‘t assume that everyone in the world understands one gesture in the same way.‖ (Deveto 44). Americans often touch their temples to express somebody‘s cleverness. But this action means there is something wrong with one‘s mind or one is stupid to Chinese. Chinese are often surprised to see Americans lay their hands on their necks when they are full. Because it is an suicide action to Chinese, who used to express fullness by patting their stomachs. Besides, when a person says ―shhh‖ in China, it means he isdisapproval and hissing, but in America, it means someone is calling for silence. The three kinds of gestures are easy to cause trouble, confusion and conflict in intercultural communication. It can mean something quite different from that extend. So we should distinguish them to avoid the crash and misunderstanding of culture.Chapter III The Results of Using Body Language Improperly between Chinese and AmericanAs idiom goes ―When in Rome, do as the Romans do.‖ It is the main principle in communication. This principle refers that communicators should respect and understand the cultures of the other nations and eliminate the interference of their own cultures. According to this principle, we should know the differences of their customs, believes and their connotations of body language. People think Americans behave informally in any situation. In fact, all communicative modes change with the differences of time, situation and contents. Body language from different cultures has many differences because of different regions, races and cultural customs, so there are still many communication problems, misunderstanding and conflicts sometimes occur in the process of intercultural communication due to cultural differences and improper uses of body language in the non- verbal reality. If we can not understand them well, we may misunderstand the foreigners and cause a lot of troubles, quarrels even fighting.For instance, if you want to signal a person to come near, in the United States, you ask someone to come by holding the palm up and moving the fingers towards our body. But in China, it means to give offense, so it may make misunderstanding. The another example is in westen countries, it is easily to see people kiss or hug each other when they meet, but in China, if kiss or hug when people meet, they will feel uncomfortable, even been scared. All above show that it is important to know the meaning of gestures and movements in foreign country,。
Body Language
会让人觉得鞋不跟脚,或不精神
Making people think the shoes do not fit or we are out of passion
行走Walking
后台员工走员工通道。无工作需要, 不随意穿越大堂
Back house staff need to take staff entrance. If it is not out of work exigency, no crossing through the lobby. 依据酒店规定
*即使在宽阔的区域（如大堂），当你和客人结束谈话时
When we finish a conversation with guest, even in a spacious area (e.g. in the lobby)
让道Giving way
*目光注视、面带微笑 Eye contact with smile *向客人致以问候（如必要） Greet guests if necessary *往旁退出一小步 Back off a little bit *身体微微前倾 Slightly pitch our body *伸手为客人指引方向 Show the direction for guests
为什么在工作时我们需要标准化的形体语言
Why we need standard BODY LANGUAGE on work
更
专业化
To be PROFESSIONAL
体现ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ务质量
差异化
Make DIFFERENCES on Service Quality
赢得客户
满意
Gain Guest SATISFACTION
此次培训我们可以学到什么 What can we learn from this session
人教版高中英语必修四-第四单元-Body-language-知识点讲解
4. They had a large__m__a_jo_r_i_ty_ (major) over the other party at the last election.
4. 名词作宾语。
5. All our officers are trained
_t_o__d_e_fe_n_d_ (defensive) ourselves against knife attack. 5. 不定式表示目的。
3. __sp_e_a_k____ v.谈话，讲话 _s_p_e_e_c_h___ n. 发言 __sp__o_k_e_n__ adj.口语的
4. _d__ef_e_n_c_e___ n.防御，保卫 _d_e_f_e_n_d____ v. 防御，保卫 _d__ef_e_n_s_iv_e____ adj. 防御的，保卫的
6) A
3.The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain. （Page 26） 第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼·加西亚，紧随其 后的是英国的朱莉娅·史密斯。
They will be meeting at a major hotel 2
_w__it_h_ local business people and people 3_w__h_o_ represent the Chinese government. Four people enter looking around 4 _in_ a curious way. You do not want to disappoint your boss，and this is an 5_e_x_c_i_ti_n_g_ (excite) experience for you，So you stand watching and 6_l_is_t_e_n_in_g__ (listen).
body language的概念
体态语言是一种非语言性的交流方式，它通过肢体动作、姿态、面部表情和眼神等方式传达信息和情感。
在人类交流中，体态语言占据着至关重要的地位，有时甚至比口头语言更能表达真实的情感和意图。
在本篇文章中，我将以从简到繁的方式，深入探讨体态语言的概念，以便我能更深入地理解。
1. 体态语言的基本概念体态语言是指人们在交流中通过身体动作和姿势来传递信息和情感的方式。
它包括肢体动作、姿态、面部表情和眼神等各种元素。
体态语言通常是不言而喻的，它能够传达出一个人的情绪、态度、自信心以及与他人的关系等方面的信息。
在人际交往和社交场合中，体态语言往往能起到比口头语言更直接、更真实的作用。
2. 体态语言的重要性体态语言在人际交往中扮演着重要的角色。
研究表明，有时候人们更倾向于相信对方的体态语言，而不是他们所说的话。
学会观察和运用体态语言可以帮助人们更好地理解他人，并且提高自己在交流中的效果。
体态语言在谈判、领导力和演讲等方面也具有重要意义，它能够帮助人们更好地表达自己的意图和观点，增强说服力和影响力。
3. 体态语言的元素和解读体态语言包括多个元素，每个元素都能够传递出丰富的信息。
一个人的手势可以显示出他的自信程度；面部表情可以表达出他的情绪状态；眼神可以透露出他的真诚度等等。
通过观察这些元素，并结合具体的情境和背景，人们可以解读出对方想要传达的信息和意图。
4. 体态语言的个人观点和理解在我看来，体态语言是一种极其重要的交流方式，它能够帮助人们更好地理解他人，同时也能够增强自己在交流中的表达能力。
我认为，学会观察和运用体态语言对于个人成长和职业发展都具有重要意义，因为它不仅能够改善人际关系，还能够帮助人们更好地表达自己的意图和观点。
总结回顾：通过以上的探讨，我们更深入地了解了体态语言的重要性和作用。
体态语言是一种非常重要的交流方式，它通过肢体动作、姿态、面部表情和眼神等方式传递信息和情感。
在人际交往和职业发展中，掌握观察和运用体态语言的技巧将会带来巨大的好处。
Body_LanguagePMKPAl(身体语言)
How to make a good speech?
I. Stance II. Gestures III.Eye Contact
IV. Timing
1. make/give/deliver a speech 做演讲 2. 2. integration 结合
11. contact 11. eye 目光接触 12. language 12. body 体态语
some crazy moving the countri index finger in a es You have a circle in front of phone call. the ear Brazil
Gesture a circle with one’s thumb and index finger
16. 准确把握时间 16. accurate timing
17. fall short of 17. 缺少 ,没到达 18. at 以 the speed of 18. … 的速度
10. 要求 10. call for
Ilana Wexler's speech at 2004 Democratic Party Convention Ilana Wexler:
If you're a straight guy - and you give her the time of day and walk away, you REALLY need to learn more about BODY LANGUAGE.
A guy walks up to you slowly, keeps his eyes on you, then says, "Excuse me. Do you know where I can mail a letter around here?"
BodyLanguage身体语言英文课件
目录•Introduction to Body Language •Basic Elements of Body Language •Interpreting Body Language Signals •Cultural Variations in Body Language•Applications of Body Language KnowledgeDefinition and Importance of Body Language DefinitionBody language refers to the non-verbal communications that we use to express our feelings, thoughts, and attributes through physical behaviors such as legal expressions, eye contacts, styles, posts, and spatial relationshipsImportanceBody language plays a critical role in communication as it can convey messages that words alone cannot be It can be completed, reinforced, or even direct verbal communication, and is essential for building trust and rapport in relationshipsFunctions of Body Language in CommunicationCross Cultural Differences in Body LanguageFacial Expressions and Eye ContactFacial ExpressionsEye ContactEyebrow MovementGestures and PosturesGesturesPosturesHead MovementsVocal Elements such as Tone, Pitch, and VolumeTone01Pitch02Volume03Proxemics This refers to the use of space and distance in communication People from different cultures may have different comfort levels with personal space Standing too close to someone can make them feel uncomfortable, while standing too far away can make communication difficult要点一要点二Personal SpaceThe amount of personal space people require canvary depending on cultural norms and personal preferences In some cultures, it is acceptable to stand close to others during conversation, while in others maintaining a greater distance is preferredProxemics and Personal SpaceUnderstanding Non verbal Cues in Different ContextsNon verbal cues can indicate power dynamics between individuals, such as eye contact, pose, and spatial distancePower DynamicsBody language varies across cultures, so it's important to understand thenorms and expectations of non-verbal communication in different cultural contextsCultural Differences Body language can change depending on the social settings, so as in a business meeting, a casual conversation, or a romantic dateSocial SettingsMixed MessagesPeople may say one thing verbally but communicate something different non-verbally, so as sliming while saying something negativeIncongruence betweenverbal and non-verbalmessages can be a sign ofperception, as people mayhave diverse control overboth sidesSometimes, people's wordsand body language may notmatch due to emotionaldisconnect or internalconflictConceptDetectionEmotionalDisconnectRecognizing Incongruence between Verbal and Non Verbal Messages01 02 03Clusters of Cues MicroexpressionsBody Language and PersonalityAnalyzing Complex Body Language PatternsFarewell rituals also have buffer across cultures In some cultures, it is customary to say Goodbyeand then walk away, while in others, so as in the Middle East, it is common to say Goodbye and then stand and watch the other person leaveIn some cultures, such as in the United States, it is common to shake hands when meetingsomeone, while in other cultures, such as in Japan, a slim nod or bow is the preferred meetingThe use of Kisses on the Cheek or Hugs as greetings varies widely across cultures In some LatinAmerican countries, for example, it is common to meet someone with a kiss on the Cheek, while in many Asian cultures, this type of physical contact is many less commonGreeting and Farewell Rituals across CulturesGestures that Have Different Meanings in Different CulturesNorms for Eye Contact and Personal Space Vary by CultureImproving Interpersonal Communication SkillsUnderstanding non-verbal cuesBuilding trust and rapportManaging conflictEnhancing Public Speaking AbilitiesCommanding the stageConveying emotionManaging emotionsDeveloping Leadership Quality through Non verbal Communication。
bodylanguage肢体语言
皱眉
通常表示困惑、不满或生 气。皱眉的程度和持续时 间可以传达不同的情绪强 度。
眼神交流
眼神是表达情感的重要方 式，如直视可能表示自信 或真诚，而避免眼神接触 可能表示不安或不诚实。
手势动作
挥手
通常表示告别或打招呼。在不同的文 化中，挥手的含义可能有所不同。
竖起大拇指
通常表示赞扬或认可。然而，在某些 文化中，这个手势可能有不同的含义 。
03
信任关系的破坏与修 复
如果信任关系受到破坏，肢体语言也 能够起到修复作用。例如，通过道歉 、认错等肢体语言来表达诚意和歉意 ，可以重建彼此之间的信任关系。
04
不同场合下肢体语言应用 策略
商务谈判场合
保持自信的姿态
商务谈判中，保持挺直的坐姿，避免显得过于紧张或放松。与对 方保持眼神交流，展示自信和尊重。
结合其他线索
03
保持开放心态
除了肢体语言外，还应结合对方 的语言、表情等其他线索来综合 判断对方的情绪和意图。
对于不同的肢体语言和行为方式 ，应保持开放心态和尊重，避免 因为个人偏见而产生误解。
06
提升自身肢体语言表达能 力途径
增强自信心和气场
保持良好姿态
站立或坐着时保持挺胸抬头，让自己显得自信而 有力。
跨文化沟通中的注意事项
在跨文化沟通中，需要了解并尊重不同文化背景下的肢体语言习惯，避免因误 解而产生冲突或误判。同时，需要注意观察对方的肢体语言，理解其真正的意 图和情感。
02
常见肢体语言类型及其含 义
面部表情
01
02
03
微笑
通常表示友好、善意或开 心。不同的微笑方式可能 有不同的含义，如羞涩的 微笑、礼貌的微笑等。
bodylanguage身体语言ppt课件
在某些文化中，目光接触被视为诚实和尊重的表现，而在其他文化中 ，过多的目光接触可能被视为不敬或挑衅。
跨文化交流中的身体语言误解与冲突
手势误解
某些手势在一个文化中可能有特定含义，在另一个文化中则可能 完全不同，甚至具有冒犯性。
面部表情
某些文化中的面部表情可能比其他文化更为夸张或内敛，容易造成 误解。
注意面部表情
面部表情是身体语言的重要组成部分，可以传达丰富的情感信息。 要注意观察眉毛、眼睛、嘴巴等部位的细微变化。
观察动作的节奏和幅度
动作的节奏和幅度可以反映人的内心状态和情感变化，需要注意观 察并理解其含义。
结合上下文理解
01
考虑文化背景
不同文化背景下的身体语言可能存在差异，需要结合文化背景进行理解
考虑情绪状态
情绪状态会对身体语言产生影响，需要注意观察并理解其 含义。
避免刻板印象和偏见
避免以貌取人
不要仅仅根据外表或者 某些身体特征就对人进 行判断和评价。
尊重多样性
尊重不同文化、背景、 性格的人所表现出的身 体语言多样性。
保持开放心态
保持开放、包容的心态 去理解他人的身体语言 ，避免先入为主的刻板 印象和偏见。
手势通常与言语一起使用，增强表达 的效果。
手势的多样性
不同文化和背景下，手势的含义可能 有所不同。
姿势
身体姿态
姿势涉及身体的整体形态和朝向 ，如站立、坐下、倾斜等。
姿势的传达信息
不同的姿势可以传达自信、放松、 紧张等情绪状态。
姿势与身份认同
某些姿势可能与特定的社会角色或 身份认同相关联。
空间距离
留意姿态
观察对方的坐姿、站姿等，了解其自信程度、态度及 心理状态。
Body_language_PPT身体语言课件
ARMS
* Arms akimbo. In many cultures, this stance
signals aggression, resistance, impatience, or even anger. * Arms behind back, hands grasped is a sign of ease and control. * Arms in front, hands grasped, common practice in most Asian countries, is a sign of mutual respect for others.
Thailand, China
EARS
* Ear grasp
- ‚I’m sorry.‛ in parts of India
* Cupping the ear
- ‚I can’t hear you.‛ in all societies
* Pulling ear
- ‚You are in my heart‛ for Navajo Indians
HANDS
* Right hand. The right hand has special
significance in many societies. In certain countries in the Middle East and in Asia, it is best to present business cards or gifts, or to pass dishes of food, to get an attention, using only the right hand or both. * Left hand is considered unclean in much of the Middle East and in parts of Indonesia.
Body_language,_important_language_肢体语言，重要的语言
肢体语言在我们的日常交流中扮演着重要的角色。
下面我们一起来讨论一下肢体语言是如何在我们的日常交流中发挥关键作用的。
Body language, important language肢体语言，重要的语言湖北 韩 蕾主题语境：肢体语言的重要性篇幅：359词建议用时：6分钟1 Have you ever noticed when someone s behavior is completely inconsistent with what he/she says? Or, have you ever felt hard to control your bodies in certain situations because all you think of is how nervous you are? Then today let s discuss how non⁃verbal signals can play a key role in our daily communication.2 Studies have shown that in the process of communication, non⁃verbal expression has 65 per cent to 93 per cent more influence than actual text. This means that “how to say” is more important than “what to say”.3 We interviewed Emilie Suter, a senior student of EHL. She believes that the import⁃ance of body language is reflected in the ability to help people in the process of communica⁃tion. It helps people have a better understanding of the overall situation, and thus adjust the content of the conversation and voice intonation (声调). Body language is the best explanation of the behavioral psychology of individuals and groups.4 In the real workplace, body language is more important than you think! Without proper body language, you may find yourself trapped in a circle where you can t integrate with the external environment. Therefore, in addition to paying attention to your body language, you should always pay attention to how people around you use body language to express their opinions—this allows you to accurately determine your next move.5 Fidgeting (坐立不安) may mean that there is a lack of interaction between the two sides of the conversation. Turning to other directions rather than talking to each other, or crossing his/her hands to his/her chest can mean that he/she does not agree with your opinion, or that the content of the conversation gives him/her a tendency to close his/her mind. Loich Batumba, vice president of the student council of EHL, says that he clearly remembers similar experiences: “At the time of my first interview, my interviewer and I barely communicated eye⁃to⁃eye, so I could clearly feel that there was a lack of inter⁃est between our conversations.”6 How to establish a good personal impression is a topic that people have repeatedly discussed. Interestingly, what we see often is the most important criterion for us to judge others. This has increased the importance of physical actions for us.ReadingCheckInference Detail Detail 1. The two questions at the beginning of the text are intended to .A. let the readers answer themB. introduce the subject of the textC. question the function of body languageD. ask the readers if they have any non⁃verbal signals while talking2. Why is body language important in communication according to the text?A. It helps people understand the overall situation.B. It determines the content of the conversation.C. It prevents people from high voice intonation.D. It reflects an individual s ability to communicate.3. What does it mean if an interviewer does not look at you?A. He/she is thinking deeply of your opinion.B. He/she is a shy or uncommunicative person.C. He/she is very satisfied with what you say.D. He/she is not interested in your conversation.LanguageStudyDifficult sentences in the text1. Turning to other directions rather than talking to each other, or crossing his/her hands to his/her chest can mean that he/she does not agree with your opinion, or that the content of the conversation gives him/her a tendency to close his/her mind. 转向其他方向而不是相互交谈，或者双手交叉在胸前，可能意味着他/她不同意你的观点，或者谈话的内容使他/她倾向于封闭自己的思想。
bodylanguageppt课件
观察手臂和手的动作
手臂和手的动作可以传达很多信息， 如手臂交叉可能表示防御或不安，手 指指向他人可能表示指责或命令。
解读身体姿态与距离传递的信息
观察身体姿态 身体姿态可以反映人的自信程度、情绪状态和态度。例如， 挺直的脊背和抬起的头部通常表示自信和力量，而佝偻的 姿态则可能表示缺乏自信或沮丧。
注意身体方向
02 身体语言的核心 要素
面部表情
微笑
皱眉
扬眉
眯眼
表示友好、善意和开放 的态度，能够缓解紧张
气氛。
表示困惑、不满或生气， 有时也代表思考。
表示惊讶、好奇或不满， 有时也表示不屑。
表示怀疑、思考或不悦， 有时也表示挑衅。
手势与动作
01
02
03
04
握手
表示问候、尊重和建立信任， 握手的力度和方式可以传达出
运பைடு நூலகம்身体语言提升沟通效果
倾听时的身体语言
在倾听他人时，保持开放和专注的身体语言，如面向对方、点头示意等，以表达对对方的尊 重和关注。
表达时的身体语言
在表达自己时，运用恰当的身体语言来增强口头语言的表达力，如使用手势来强调重点、保 持眼神交流来建立信任等。
应对不同文化背景的身体语言
在与不同文化背景的人交流时，注意了解并尊重对方的文化习俗和身体语言习惯，以避免误 解和冲突。
在某些情况下，身体语言 可以弥补言语表达的不足， 如跨文化沟通中。
身体语言与沟通的关系
互相补充
身体语言和言语沟通相互 补充，共同构成完整的沟 通过程。
影响沟通效果
身体语言对沟通效果有重 要影响，积极的身体语言 可以促进沟通，消极的身 体语言则可能阻碍沟通。
文化差异
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What is the purpose of language？
Language is used to communicate or tell people thoughts, feelings and reactions
Ways of communicating • spoken language • written language • body language
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EARS
Ear grasp
- “I’m sorry.” in parts of India
Cupping the ear
- “I can’t hear you.” in all societies
Pulling ear
- “You are in my heart” for Navajo 13-10-14
CHEEKS
* Cheek screw - gesture of praise - Italy - “That’s crazy.” Germany * Cheek stroke - “pretty, attractive, success” most Europe
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Test ( ) I don’t know. ( ) I love you. ( ) We are quarelling. ( ) No! I don’t agree! ( ) We are cheerful!
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组员：刘承娟、刘奕楠、王静 黄成、罗正楠
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What are they trying to tell us? How are they expressing themselves?
I’m listening carefully!
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I’m thinking!
Give me a little time!
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Mouth
yawn whistle
smile
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sneeze
kiss
❀ Eye contacts - Encouraged in America, Canada, Europe - Rude in most Asian countries and in Africa ❀ Winking eye - Sharing secret in America and Europe - flirtatious gesture in other countries ❀ Closed eyes - bored or sleepy in America - “I’m listening and concentrating.” in Japan, Thailand, China.
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Culture vs. body language
◆通过对比，我们发现了不同的国家不仅仅说不一样 的 语 言 ， 好 像 肢 体 语 言 也 有 很 大 的 差 异 。 Why different countries have different body language？ ◆ key: Just as each culture has a different spoken language, so each culture has different body language.
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Different body language in different countries
countries situation
USA& Canada Shake hands
Encourage,
South Korea & China Japan
Middle East
To greet Pat on the back
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Facial expression
• The face has been called an organ of emotion because we constantly read facial expressions to understand what others are feeling. The face provides vital clues to our own feelings and those of the people around us. Of all the nonverbal channels, the face is the most important broadcaster of emotions.
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What are the following facial expressions?
smile
cry
happy
surprise
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angry
fear
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confident/confused inspired/disappointed regretful/excited
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I’m sorry!
Nice to meet you!
HANDS
Of all the body parts, the hands are probably used most for communicating non-verbally. Hand waves are used for greetings, beckoning, or farewells(告别).
When people meet each other…
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When people meet each other…
In China, people shake hands
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When people meet each other…
In Japan, women bow
It’s important.
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Head
❀ Nodding the head “Yes” in most societies “No” in some parts of Greece, Yugoslavia（南斯 拉夫）, Bulgaria（保加利 亚）, and Turkey ❀ Tossing the head backward --“yes” in Thailand, the Philippines, India, Laos（ 老挝）
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Gesture
Gesture means we communicate and express by the movement and manners of our hands and fingers.Without gestures, our world will be static and colorless.
Cover mouth
bow
Shake hands comfort rude
friendly
Yawn Cough sneeze
Talk laugh
Talk laugh
Clap hands snap fingers wave hands
Get attention Look into eyes
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Eye language
• As saying goes “The eyes are the window of the soul”. That is to say, we can read one’s mind through his/her eyes. Eye language can express complicated feelings and it is an important way to judge the intimacy of communicators.
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What is body language?
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◆Body language is actions. ◆Body language is used to express yourself, and communicate ideas. ◆Body language goes with no words. ◆ Body language is actions that can communicate ideas without use of words.