光纤通信系统与网络的背景知识

1960 Maiman世界上第一个红宝石激光器问世 世界上第一个红宝石激光器问世
Dr. T H Maiman with the first ruby laser
1966 高锟 理论预言
1998 International Lecture by IEE, Prof Charles Kao inventor of fibre optics,
Current optical networks
Key techniques Networks evolution
How Much is 10 Gb/s
1. ASCII Character (8 bit) 109 Char./s (1000 books) 2. Voice Channel (64Kb/s) 155,000 Channels 3. HDTV (600Mb/s) Compressed (20Mb/s) 4. HIPPI (800Mb/s) 16 Channels 500 Channels 12 Channels
From a paper
IEEE Communication Magazine,.
September 2003 Vol.41 No.9
After the Optical Bubble: The Reality Check Sudhir S. Dixit and Jacek Chrostowski
Next-Generation Optical Networks as a Value Creation Platform Botaro Hirosaki, Katsumi Emura, Shinichiro Hayano, and Hiroyuki Tsutsumi, NEC Corporation
5. Gigabit Ethernet (1Gb/s) 8 Channels
SuperNet Applications
100 miles
DARPA
100 miles
DOD Information Superiority Requires Terabit Battlefield Communications
Contents
Background of fiber optics Current optical networks Future of optical networks
Background of fiber optics
Optical fiber Laser Optical fiber Communication system
The Communications Revolution is fueled by the Incredible Pace of Change Technology Trend
18• Silicon chips × 2 is density/speed every 18-24 months × 2 in transmission capacity every year 2× 2 Internet subscribers every 2-3 years • Data/Web × 2 Internet hosts/servers every year • Wireless × 1000 in capacity every 5 years × 2 MIPs/MIW every 2 years (DSPs) • Power • Compression × 2 in information density every 5 years From closed to open environment for • Software creating network services
网络业务量变化的战略趋势
根据初步分析,今后5 10年中国网上的数据 根据初步分析,今后5到10年中国网上的数据 业务量将可能会超过话音业务量。 业务量将可能会超过话音业务量。 (7- 年最有可能,干线网可能仅3 (7-8年最有可能,干线网可能仅3年) IP业务将最终成为主导的联网协议。 IP业务将最终成为主导的联网协议。 业务将最终成为主导的联网协议 业务总量将有大幅度增加(几十倍) 业务总量将有大幅度增加(几十倍)。 传统电话网将不可避免要过渡到分组交换为 基础的融合的下一代网，下一代网将最终支 基础的融合的下一代网， 持包括话音在内的所有业务。 持包括话音在内的所有业务。
Outline
相关背景知识 光交换 光分组交换（OPS,OBS,OLS） OPS,OBS,OLS 自动交换光网络（ASON) 城域光网络
背景知识
光纤通信的产生 ----------激光与光纤的发明 光纤通信系统的演变 ----------EDFA+DWDM的突破 光纤通信网的快速发展 ---------- 呼唤Switching+Buffering技术
光纤通信的产生--激光与光纤的发明
•雏形：古代烽火、手旗、灯光 雏形：古代烽火、手旗、 雏形 1880年 贝尔的光电话 年 激光器
1960 Maiman发明红宝石激光器 发明红宝石激光器
光纤
1951 医用玻璃纤维（损耗 医用玻璃纤维（损耗1000dB/km） ）
1962 半导体激光器诞生（GaAs 870nm) 1965 E.Miller 透镜光波导 半导体激光器诞生（ 70 年代室温工作 年代室温工作LD(GaAsAI 850nm) 1300、1550nm 多模 、 多模LD 静态单模LD 静态单模 动态单模LD 动态单模 1966 高锟 理论预言 1970 康宁制出低损耗光纤 康宁制出低损耗光纤(20dB/km) 1300、1550nm低损耗窗口光纤开发 、 低损耗窗口光纤开发 单模光纤
Optical Networking ( Core Long Haul ) Probable View - Hybrid Rings & Meshes
MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUES
TDM: Each ONU gets a timeslot + Simple for low speeds – Synchronization & power equalization necessary – Upgrades difficult WDM: WDM: Each ONU gets a wavelength band + Transparent fiber pipe from each ONU + Highest bandwidth – Precise control λ of laser, combiner & receiver SCM: Each ONU gets an RF frequency band + Simple radio techniques + No timing or wavelength control + Uses 70 years of know-how on sharing either know– Optical Beat interference
st 光纤通信系统（1
G)
E D M U X 电解复用
E M U X
光发送
再生 中继
再生 中继 ( O/E/O )
光 接收
电复用
传统的光纤传输系统( 传统的光纤传输系统(第一代光纤传输系统）
第二代光纤传输系统(2nd G)
光发射机 λ1 光发射机 λ2 光发射机 λ3 光发射机 λN
MUX
EDFA
1970 康宁制出低损耗光纤 康宁制出低损耗光纤(20dB/km)
2000， President Clinton announced the winner of National Medal of Technology of 2000 to Corning inc. Of inventors of low loss optical fiber For the 1970 team of corning scientists honored for breakthrough that transformed telecommunications, paved way for the internet. Donald B. Keck. Robert D. Maurer Peter C Schultz
光纤通信系统与网络 纤通信系统与网络
Optical Communication Systems & Networks 张 春 蕾
Chunlei Zhang Email:zhang_chl@mail.lzjtu.cn
兰州交通大学电子与信息学院
School of Electronic and Information Engineering, , Lanzhou Jiaotong University
DEMUX
λ1 光接收机 λ2 光接收机 λ3 光接收机
功放
线放
预放
λN
光接收机
第三代光纤传输系统(3rd G)
光发射机 λ1 光发射机 λ2 光发射机 λ3 光发射机 λN
MUX
EDFA+Raman
DEMUX
λ1 光接收机 λ2 光接收机 λ3 光接收机
功放
线放
预放
λN
光接收机
拉曼泵浦系统放大
Beginning
25
几种关键技术的发展速度
It took about a century to install the world’s first 700 million phone lines; an additional 700 million lines will be deployed in the next 15-20 years. There are more than 200 million wireless subscribers in the world today; an additional 700 million more will be added over the next 15-20 years. There are more than 200 million cable TV subscribers in the world today; 300 million more will be added over the next 15-20 years. More than 100 million additional Internet users will come on-line by 2001.
1 ft x 10 bits
2.8 Terabit
Communication Rate T3 - 源自文库5 Mbps OC48 - 2.5 Gbps Tbps
Time for 2.8 Terabit 25 hours 15 minutes 2.8 seconds
Other Traffic Sources Radar/SAR MultiMulti-spectral sensors - Infrared - ?wave - RF (Tbps)
1958 发表红宝石激光器论文
1958 scientific paper, Infrared and Optical Masers, by Arthur L. Schawlow, and Charles H. Townes, Physical Review, Schawlow and Townes Invent the Laser Masers and Maser Communications System Laser Patent Number(s) 2,929,922
• Photonics
21 世纪的传输：Tbit 到干线网 世纪的传输： 到办公室/ Gbit 到办公室/家庭 Mbit 到个人 Service drivers for Originating Bandwidth
Broadband Networks
U.S. Interstate Communication Traffic
next-generation optical network
A Road map of an all-optical Network
Technologies Innovations example:
Evolution of High Capacity DWDM system
OXC
Selected Paper ended