新音标音图 初一导入1

音图与音标对比学Part 1 语音、音素、音图、音标语音：语言的声音叫语音。

音素：音素是语音的最小单位。

音素分为元音和辅音两种。

元音是发音时声带振动，气流通过口腔不受阻碍发出的音素。

根据发音舌头隆起位置前后分为前元音，中元音和后元音。

辅音是发音时气流通过口腔或鼻腔受阻发出的音素，根据发音时声带是否振动分为清辅音和浊辅音。

音标：是人们用来标音和记音的符号，即音素在字典中的符号。

英语共有48个音素，由48个国际音标代表。

书写时，音标放在方括弧内或斜杠内。

例如: [b]或/b/。

音图：音素在单词中的样子，即表示音素的图像。

音图、音素与音标的区别：一个音素可以用多个音图来表示，也就是说，有些音图的发音是相同的，表示同一个音素，在字典中用同一个音标来表示。

例如：音素[a:]在有些单词中用a表示，在有些单词中用ar表示。

就像人在不同的场合穿不同的衣服（音图）一样，但不论穿什么衣服还是同一个人（音素）。

总之，音素与音标是一一对应的关系，每个音素都有一个表示它的音标；而音标（音素）与音图却不一定是一一对应的关系。

如：/b/对应的音图只能是b，而/i:/对应的音图可能是ee，也可能是e。

对音图、音素、音标的理解和区分是建立在以下各课的具体操练中的。

Part 2 音图、发音规则及音标I. 16个辅音音图与音标。

1) 观察音标表和单音图表，用横线标出两表相同的部分。

[p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g] [f] [v][s] [z] [h] [m] [n] [l] [r] [w]2) 读写并牢记这16个辅音音标。

II. 其它元音、辅音的发音规则及音标。

单音图{1. A a一．a+□: [æ] 在“a+ 辅音字母”中，a发[æ](复习规则)。

1.读下列单词和句子。

at am an as ad bag dad bad cap catmap Ann ran sat man had sad madhat bat ant can lab fan lad fat haspat rat Sam sand hand landA cat can run.A cat and a rat ran. ?Dad has a cap.Matt had a fat rat.Tab is a bad cat.Dad has jam and ham.The mad cat is on the map.2. 写出下列单词的音标。

at am an as ad bag dad bad cap mat Ann ran man had sad mad hat bat ant lab fat pat sand hand二. a [ei]1. a+□+e: a在“a+辅音字母+e”中，a发[ei]。

复习规则(1) Read the words and sentences. 读下列单词和句子。

ate Bate came dame fade mane madesame tape hate nape plane pane matebake cake Dale JakeJane can bake a cake.Dale has a cake in his bag.Nate came in late.Mum set the cake in the plate.Can Jane make a cake?Kane can swim in the lake.Lane has a mate.Dad ate a grape, and Mum ate a date.（2）写出下列单词的音标。

lake make take wakesnake fame game namebase case date fategate kate late2. a+音节：a 在重读音节末尾时，发[ei](1) Read the words and sentences. 读下列单词和句子。

lady baby ba-sin ca-terba-ker ma-jor pa-per fa-talA-my Da-vid Ma-visI am able to run.She sits at the table.The ba-ker puts the cake on the table.My mother is a lady.Mrs. Little has a baby.I write on the paper.2. 写出下列单词的音标。

a-ble ta-ble ca-ble planegave save wave stategrape wade grade bravemape plate skate gate 三．a+□□:[ɑ:] a+两个辅音字母时，可以发[ɑ:]1. Underline a, then sound and read the words.ask task mask passglass grass class castlast past dance plantFrance class-room class-mate mast-er *但有时在“a+两个辅音字母”中，a仍发[æ]。

写出下列单词的音标。

hand sand stand band2. Read the sentences. 读句子The glass is on the table.I want to ask a question.We can run very fast.We went to France last year.Can you finish the task in the class?I can see grass in the glass.3. 写出下列单词的音标。

ask task mask passglass grass class cast四．a+ll(lk) [ɔ:] a在ll或lk前发[ɔ:]1. 在音图a下划线，然后拼读下列单词。

并写出音标。

all call hall ballfall mall tall wall*下面三个单词中，l不发音，它只是与k一起使a发[ɔ:]walk talk chalk2. Underline a, then read the sentence.We are all in the hall.Tom has a ball.Dad is a tall man.We walk and talk.Bell calls me to go to the mall.五．Wa [wɔ] a在wa中发[ɔ]1. Underline a, then sound and read the words.wad want washwhat watch wallet例外：water [ɔ:]2. Underline a, then read the sentence.I want to wash my watch.What is this? It is a wallet.六、惯用语。

小事一桩That's a piece of cake.That's as easy as pie!I can do it with my eyes closed.世界真小It is a small worldSmall world!You never know whom you will bump into.{2. E/e1. Underline e, then sound and read the words.pen leg bed get net setwet yes yet hen ten egg2.写出下列单词的音标。

web fed hem men bet jet bellfell sell smell test tell well helpleft lend bend desk rest west3.Underline e, then read the sentence.1) Dad lent Bess a jet.2) The pen is in the desk.3) Mum and dad fed the red hen .4) Rex sat on the bench.5) Did Bess get wet?6) Can Ted sell a desk?7) Nell has a red bed.二．e [i:]1. Underline e, then sound and read the words(1) e+□+e[i:] 在“e+辅音字母+e”中，e发[i:]eve cede gene Steve SwedePete these theme Chi-nese Ja-pa-nese(2) e +(音节) [i:] 在重读音节末尾，e 发[i:]he we me shePe-ter me-ter fe-ver2. Underline e, then read the sentences.She helps me.We can call Peter.He has a fever.Peter is not Chinese.He is Japanese.3. 写出下列单词的音标。

eve cede gene Steve sheSwede Pet he we me三、绕口令She sells sea shells on the seashore.The shells she sells are seashells she is sure.{3. l/i1. underline i, then sound and read the words.it if in Jim sitbig fix bit six fithit win mix pig dig2. Underline I, and then read the sentences.在音图i下划线，然后朗读下列句子.Silly Billy! Silly Billy!Why is Billy Silly?Silly Billy went to the inn.Tim is thin as a pin.Sid bit his lip.This is a big pig.Bill is a big man.Phil has a big hat.3.写出下列单词的音标。

him kid mid digfig did lid ridlip zip miss kissfill kill bill millfilm milk lift swim*当音节中没有其他元音字母时，y就可以代替i发[i] cyst gym hymn myth mystery Lyn二、i [ai]1. i+□+e: [ai] 在“i+辅音字母+e”中, i发[ai]1）Underline i and read the words.bike like bite pile smile time crime icefine line mine nine pipe ripe wipe kitesite drive size prize dyke type Clyde2) 写出下列单词的音标nice rice price hide ride side tide widelife wife file mile2. i+(音节)：[ai] 在重读音节末尾，i发[ai]读单词、标音标my by fly cry drytry shy why sky spy Bi-ble注意：英语单词不能以i结尾，而y可以。