A Unified Proof of Minimum Time Complexity for Reaching Consensus and Uniform Consensus –
用英语表达「以……为准」的方法
用英语表达「以……为准」的方法In English, when we want to express the idea of "以……为准" (take...as the standard), we have several different ways to convey this concept. Below are some common phrases and expressions that can be used to signify that something is being taken as the reference point or the basis for comparison.1. "Subject to..."This phrase is often used in formal contexts to indicate that a particular decision or action is dependent on certain conditions or factors. For example, "Subject to availability, the hotel will provide a complimentary breakfast for all guests."2. "In accordance with..."This expression is used to indicate that something is being done in conformity with a certain standard or rule. For instance, "All employees must dress in accordance with the company's dress code policy."3. "Based on..."This phrase is commonly used to show that a conclusion or judgment is being made on the grounds of specific informationor evidence. For example, "The report's findings are based on survey responses from over 500 participants."4. "Following the guidelines..."This expression implies that a certain set of rules or instructions is being adhered to. For instance, "All contractors must complete the project following the safety guidelines provided by the construction company."5. "Taking into account..."This phrase is used to signify that certain factors or considerations are being included in a decision or judgment. For example, "When evaluating job candidates, we take into account their work experience, skills, and qualifications."6. "Conforming to..."This expression indicates that something is in agreement with a particular standard or requirement. For instance, "All products must conform to the quality standards set by the regulatory body."7. "With reference to..."This phrase is often used to refer to a particular document or source that is being consulted. For example, "With reference tothe company's policy handbook, employees are entitled to paid time off for personal leave."8. "In line with..."This expression suggests that something is consistent or in harmony with a certain principle or guideline. For instance, "The new marketing campaign is in line with our company's mission to promote sustainability."Overall, these phrases and expressions can be used effectively in English to convey the idea of "以……为准" in various contexts. By choosing the appropriate wording, you can clearly communicate that a particular standard, rule, or reference point is being used as the basis for decision-making or evaluation.。
cerficate valicate method
cerficate valicate methodCertificate validation is a crucial process that ensures the authenticity and trustworthiness of certificates issued by certification authorities (CAs). Without proper validation, digital certificates may be compromised, leading to security vulnerabilities and potential risks for users.There are several methods and techniques used to validate certificates, each serving a specific purpose in confirming the validity of a certificate. These methods typically involve checking various attributes and properties of the certificate, as well as verifying the chain of trust and the authenticity of the issuing CA.One of the primary methods of certificate validation is the "Certificate Revocation List" (CRL). A CRL is a list maintained by the CA that contains the serial numbers of certificates that have been revoked or expired. During certificate validation, the certificate chain is checked against the CRL to ensure that none of the certificates in the chain are listed as revoked or expired.Another commonly used method is the "Online Certificate Status Protocol" (OCSP). Unlike the CRL method, which requires downloading and checking a list, OCSP provides real-time validation by querying the CA's OCSP server directly. The client sends the certificate's serial number to the server, which responds with the certificate's status – whether it is valid, revoked, or expired. OCSP offers a more efficient and reliable approach to certificate validation, especially in situations where the CRL may be large or difficult to download.In addition to the CRL and OCSP methods, the "Certificate Authority Authorization" (CAA) method is gaining popularity. CAA allows domain owners to specify which CAs are authorized to issue certificates for their domain. During certificate validation, the client checks whether the issuing CA is authorized by looking for the relevant CAA record in the domain's DNS settings. This method helps prevent unauthorized or fraudulent certificates from being issued.Furthermore, the "Certificate Transparency" (CT) method aims to increase transparency in the issuance and management of certificates. CT requires CAs to submit certificates to publicly accessible logs. When validating a certificate, the client checks these logs to ensure that the certificate has been properly logged. This method helps detect misissued certificates and improves accountability in the CA ecosystem.Apart from these methods, certificate validation also involves verifying the integrity and validity of the digital signature on the certificate. The client checks whether the certificate's digital signature can be successfully verified using the public key of the issuing CA. This ensures that the certificate has not been tampered with and is indeed issued by a trusted CA.In summary, certificate validation is a critical process for ensuring the integrity and trustworthiness of digital certificates. Methods like CRL, OCSP, CAA, and CT are employed to check various aspects of the certificate's validity, including revocation status, authorized issuance, transparency, and digital signature verification. By employing these methods, organizations can establish a secureand reliable infrastructure that safeguards against potential risks resulting from compromised or fraudulent certificates.。
exceed legal requirement 的意思 以后者为准
exceed legal requirement 的意思以后者为准Exceeding Legal Requirements: Striving for Excellence in ComplianceIntroduction:In today's rapidly evolving business landscape, companies face increasing pressure to adhere to legal requirements. Compliance with laws and regulations is not only a legal obligation but also a crucial aspect of maintaining ethical standards and reputation. However, merely meeting legal requirements may not suffice to ensure long-term success and sustainability. This article aims to explore the concept of "exceeding legal requirements" and discuss the benefits and challenges associated with going beyond the minimum compliance expectations.Understanding "Exceeding Legal Requirements":"Exceeding legal requirements" refers to a proactive approach taken by organizations to surpass the bare minimum when it comes to complying with laws and regulations. While complying with legal obligations is the legal baseline, going beyond those requirementsdemonstrates an organization's commitment to upholding high ethical standards, fostering a positive corporate culture, and prioritizing the well-being of stakeholders.Benefits of Exceeding Legal Requirements:1. Enhanced Reputation:When a company exceeds legal requirements, it establishes itself as a leader in its industry, demonstrating a commitment to ethical business practices. This can enhance its reputation and build trust among stakeholders, including customers, employees, investors, and the community at large.2. Competitive Advantage:Going beyond legal requirements can provide a competitive advantage by differentiating a company from its peers. By adopting best practices voluntarily, organizations can demonstrate their ability to innovate, optimize processes, and implement responsible and sustainable strategies.3. Risk Mitigation:Exceeding legal requirements can help companies identify and mitigate potential risks before they arise. By proactively addressing legal and regulatory issues, they minimize the likelihood of fines, lawsuits, and reputational damage. This proactive approach helps to protect the interests of both the organization and its stakeholders.4. Attracting and Retaining Top Talent:Companies that exceed legal requirements are often seen as attractive employers for highly skilled individuals. Such organizations create an environment that aligns with the values and expectations of talented professionals who prioritize ethical conduct and social responsibility. This can lead to increased employee satisfaction, loyalty, and ultimately, better recruitment and retention rates.Challenges of Exceeding Legal Requirements:1. Cost:Surpassing legal requirements often involves additional financial investments. Implementing stricter environmental standards, for example, may require enhanced technologies or equipment, resulting in increased expenses. Balancing these costs while maintaining profitability can be a challenging endeavor.2. Compliance Complexity:Striving to exceed legal requirements may involve navigating complex legal frameworks. As regulations evolve, organizations need to stay informed and adapt accordingly. This can be especially burdensome for small and medium-sized enterprises with limited resources dedicated to compliance.3. Balancing Stakeholder Interests:Exceeding legal requirements might involve making tough decisions that balance various stakeholder interests. For instance, a company committed to sustainability may need to adjust pricing or product offerings, potentially impacting some customers who are not willing to pay the premium associated with eco-friendlyproducts.4. Setting Realistic Goals:Setting achievable goals is crucial when aiming to exceed legal requirements. Organizations need to conduct comprehensive assessments of their capabilities and resources to avoid overcommitting or spreading themselves too thin. Failing to meet self-imposed standards can lead to reputational damage and undermine the initial intent.Conclusion:Adhering to legal requirements is fundamental for a company's legitimacy and survival. However, organizations that aspire to long-term success recognize that merely meeting basic legal obligations is not enough. By exceeding legal requirements, companies can elevate their reputation, gain a competitive advantage, mitigate risks, and attract top talent. Although challenges exist, these can be addressed through careful planning,resource allocation, and stakeholder engagement. Therefore, striving for excellence in compliance is a strategic choice that can yield significant benefits for organizations and society as a whole.。
翻译练习材料
1、被动语态英汉相比，英语多用被动语态，而汉语则少用，其愿因之一也许是汉语系意合语言，这个“被”字完全可以被“融化”掉。
此外，汉语表达被动的方式比较丰富。
下段共计14个谓语动词，竟用了13个被动语态。
As oil is found deep in the ground, its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface. Consequently, a geological survey of the underground rocks structure must be carried out. If it is thought that the rocks in a certain area contain oil, a “drilling rig” is assembled. The most obvious part of a drilling rig is called “a derrick”. It is used to lift sections of pipe, which are lowered into the hole made by the drill. As the hole is being drilled, a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the sides from falling in. If oil is struck, a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of valves.2、长句练习（1）There is nothing more disappointing to a hostess who has gone to a lot of trouble or expense than to have her guest so interested in talking politics or business with her husband that he fails to notice the flavor of the coffee, the lightness of the cake, or the attractiveness of the house, which may be her chief interest and pride.（2）Multitudes of bees used to bury themselves in the yellow blossoms of the summer squashes.This, too, was a deep satisfaction; although, when they had laden themselves with sweets, they flew away to some unknown hive, which could give back nothing in requital of what my garden had contributed.（3）Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the rapid development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before.（4）The thought that she would be separated from husband during his long and dangerous journey saddened Mrs. Brown.技巧练习段落On one of those sober and rather melancholy days，in the latter part of Autumn，when the shadows of morning and evening almost mingle together，and throw a gloom over the decline of the year，I passed several hours in rambling about Westminster Abbey.There was something congenial to the season in the mournful magnificence of the old pile；and，as I passed its threshold，seemed like stepping back into the regions of antiquity，and losing myself among the shades of former agesGlobalization and Diversity, What Do They Mean for Translators?---Speech at the Opening Ceremony of FIT Fourth Asian Translator’s ForumFirst, I want to thank you, in my own name and in the name of the FIT Executive Committee, for your kind invitation. We come from different countries. Please let me introduce my colleagues of the executive committee of FIT: Ms. Bente Christensen from Norway, Vice President of FIT; Mr. Peter Krawutschke from the U.S., Treasure of FIT; Ms. Miriam Lee from Ireland, Secretary-General of FIT; Ms. Sheryl Hinkkanen from Finland, hostess of the next FIT World Congress in 2005. I am also happy to introduce Mr. Ari Penttilä, President of the Finnish Association of Translators and Interpreters. He will also wait for you at Tampere, Finland next year. We are all thrilled to be here, in a part of the world we do not visit very often.Our profession is growing. It is growing everywhere. The demand for our services is growing in volume because of globalization, and it is also growing in the number of languages translated because of emerging economies like yours, in China. For instance, Chinese is more and more in demand in the West Coast of Canada and a brand new TV Channel aimed at the Chinese community in France just hired 14 translators from Chinese to French. I really think this is a sign of vigor and health for the profession and, considering what has been done so far in China, it is probably not the last time we see each other.Globalization is not coming. It is upon us and we see it in the news everyday. It has meant, for our profession, the creation of international providers of translation services and of a new discipline called localization. These big translation companies have also created or are using new tools which enhance the translator’s performance, sometimes for the good, som etimes not. Sometimes, the translator is torn between conflicting requirements and is not given the right conditions to do a proper professional work. That is where professional associations and FIT have a role to play. They have to set guidelines for their members and their members’ clients so that translation is carried out professionally in order to avoid errors that can sometimes be fatal. We do not say it often enough, but a mistake in, say, assembly instructions of an electric device, can be very damaging, as can be an error in the numbers of a very important financial report. Professional translation is crucial as it is the warranty of good international communications, hence efficient trade and exchanges between countries and economies. It is our role,as associations, to make the public aware of the necessity of professional translation and to fight the belief that anyone who is bilingual can be a translator. If it were so easy, we would not have created university degrees, would we?We have to do it, and we have to do it together. That is the strength of FIT. All together, we have to convey the same message of quality and professionalism, through our associations, through the regional centers and through FIT as an international body.But globalization does not mean that we have to leave out culture and diversity. UNESCO has issued a Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity which, in the UNESCO General Secretary’s own words “aims both to preserve cultural diversity as a living, and thus renewable treasure that must not be perceived as being unchanging heritage but as a process guaranteeing the survival of humanity”.To me, diversity means first and foremost people understanding each other and exchanging. And how are they going to understand each other if not through translation and translators?Translation and translators are therefore going to be increasingly in demand in the years to come. That is why I am talking of a golden age for our profession. Never in history have we been so indispensable to trade, culture, peace, and humanity. However, translators in general are very discreet people and do not know how to market their skills. The nature of our work requires from us to render a message and disappear, so that the final reader does not realize it is a translation. We are so accustomed to disappear that we forget how indispensable we are.Just imagine one day in the world without translation. The United Nations, the World Trade Organization and all the NGOs, the transnational companies, TV channels, newspapers, etc. would all be mute. We are like the electricity in the wires and the water in the tap. They are so natural to most of us that it is only when they are unavailable that we realize how useful they are.Keep that in mind and spread the word!I want to wish you all a very fruitful and successful meeting, and thank again the Translators Association of China for their warm welcome and exquisite hospitality. Betty CohenPresident of the International Federation of Translators （FIT）直译与意译rules every achiever knowsThis might involve routine daily decisions—something as simple as skipping a favorite late-night TV show and getting to bed early, to be wide awake for a meeting the next morning. Or it might involve longer-term resolves. A young widow with three children decided to invest her insurance settlement in a college education for herself. She considered the realities of tight budget and little free time, but these seemed small sacrifices in return for the doors that a degree would open. Today she is a highly paid financial consultant.The secret of such commitment is getting past the drudgery and seeing the delight. “The fact is that many worthwhile endeavors aren’t fun,” say one syndicated radio and TV commentator. “True, all work and no play makes Johnny a dull boy. But trying to turn everything we do into play makes for terrible frustrations because life—even the most rewarding one—includes circumstances that aren’t fun at all. I like my job as a journalist. It’s personally satisfying, but it isn’t always fun.”翻译文体篇A：It has been noted with concern that the stock of books in the library has been declining alarmingly. Students are requested to remind themselves of the rules of the borrowing and returning of books, and to bear in mind the needs of other students. Penalties for overdue books will in the future be strictly enforced.B: The number of books in the library has been going down. Please make sure you know the rules for borrowing, and don’t forget that the library is for everyone’s convenience. So from now on, we’re going to enforce the rules strictly. You have been warned!本文作者是一位美国报纸专栏作家，幽默大师。
certufucate of analysis
certufucate of analysisCertificate of Analysis (COA) is a document provided by a testing laboratory or a manufacturer to ensure the quality and authenticity of a product. It contains detailed information about the product's composition, purity, potency, and other relevant parameters. The COA serves as a proof of quality and safety for consumers and regulatory authorities. In this article, we will discuss the importance of COA and the key information it typically includes.The primary purpose of a Certificate of Analysis is to provide transparency and assurance to consumers regarding the quality and safety of a product. It is especially crucial in industries where the accuracy of product claims can have significant implications on consumers' health and well-being, such as pharmaceuticals, food supplements, and cosmetics.One of the key components of a COA is the product identification section. This section includes essential details like product name, batch or lot number, manufacturing date, and expiration date. These details help consumers and regulatory authorities track and identify specific product batches, ensuring traceability and accountability.Another critical aspect of a COA is the composition analysis. This analysis provides information about the product's ingredients and their respective concentrations. It ensures that the product does not contain any prohibited substances or allergens. For example, in food supplements, the COA may specify the presence and concentration of vitamins, minerals, and other active ingredients. In cosmetics, it may outline the composition of essential oils,preservatives, and other chemicals used in the formulation.Purity and potency testing are often included in a COA. These tests verify that the product is free from impurities, contaminants, or adulterants that may compromise its quality or safety. For pharmaceuticals, purity and potency testing help ensure that the product meets the required standards for efficacy and dosage accuracy. In the case of dietary supplements, it ensures that the product does not contain harmful substances, such as heavy metals or microbial contaminants.The COA may also include details about the testing methods used to analyze the product. This information is crucial for evaluating the validity and reliability of the results. Common analytical techniques include chromatography, spectroscopy, and microbiological testing. By providing information about the testing methods, consumers and regulatory authorities can assess the accuracy and precision of the analysis.Furthermore, a COA may include information about the testing laboratory or manufacturer, such as their accreditation status and certifications. This adds an additional layer of credibility to the document. Accreditation from recognized bodies ensures that the laboratory or manufacturer has undergone rigorous assessments of their competence and compliance with international standards.In conclusion, a Certificate of Analysis plays a vital role in ensuring the quality and safety of products. It provides consumers and regulatory authorities with essential information regarding the product's composition, purity, potency, and testing methods. Bytransparently disclosing this information, the COA enhances trust, accountability, and confidence in the product.。
预毕业证明英文
预毕业证明英文As the final semester draws to a close, I stand on the precipice of a new chapter in my life. The culmination of years of hard work and dedication is now within reach, and I am eager to embark on the next journey.This pre-graduation period is a time of reflection and anticipation. I have learned not just academic knowledge, but also the value of perseverance, critical thinking, and collaboration. These skills have been honed through late-night study sessions and group projects that have pushed me beyond my comfort zone.The prospect of graduation is both exhilarating and daunting. It marks the end of a structured learning environment and the beginning of a world where I must apply my knowledge independently. The diploma I am about to receive is not just a piece of paper, but a testament to my growth and readiness for the challenges ahead.As I prepare to receive my pre-graduation certification, I am filled with gratitude for the mentors and peers who have supported me along the way. Their guidance and camaraderie have been invaluable, and I carry with me the lessons they have imparted.Looking forward, I am committed to making the most of the opportunities that lie ahead. The world is vast and full ofpotential, and I am ready to explore it with the skills and confidence I have gained during my academic tenure.In conclusion, the pre-graduation phase is a pivotal moment that bridges the past and the future. It is a time to celebrate achievements, to acknowledge the support systemsthat have been instrumental in my success, and to lookforward with hope and determination to the future that awaits.。
我们先证明必要性英语作文
我们先证明必要性英语作文In the realm of mathematics, the concept of proof is fundamental. It is the process by which we establish the validity of a theorem or a proposition. However, the necessity of proof extends far beyond the boundaries of academia. It permeates our daily lives, influencing the way we think, communicate, and solve problems. This essay will explore the importance of proof in various aspects of our existence, from the scientific method to the legal system, and the critical thinking skills it fosters.Firstly, in the field of science, proof is the cornerstone of progress. Scientists must prove their hypotheses through rigorous experimentation and observation. Without the necessity for proof, scientific claims would be no more than baseless assertions. The process of proving a theory or a discovery ensures that it withstands scrutiny and stands the test of time. It is this demand for proof that has led to the remarkable advancements in medicine, technology, and our understanding of the universe.Secondly, in the legal system, proof is the key to justice. It is through the presentation of evidence and logical argumentation that guilt or innocence is determined. The necessity for proof ensures that the rights of individuals are protected and that decisions are made based on facts rather than assumptions. This is particularly crucial in a democratic society where the rule of law is paramount.Moreover, the necessity of proof is evident in our everyday decision-making. Whether we are choosing a career path, making a purchase, or forming an opinion on a social issue, we rely on evidence to guide our choices. The necessity to prove our decisions with logical reasoning helps us to avoid impulsive actions and make more informed choices.Furthermore, the process of proving a point or a theory is a powerful tool for developing critical thinking skills. It requires us to analyze information, identify patterns, and draw conclusions based on evidence. These skills are invaluable in a world that is increasingly complex and data-driven.In conclusion, the necessity of proof is not confined to the academic pursuit of knowledge. It is a universal principle that shapes our understanding of the world, our pursuit of justice, and our approach to problem-solving. By embracing the necessity for proof, we can strive for a more rational, evidence-based society.。
关于考英语四级证书的英语作文范文
关于考英语四级证书的英语作文范文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Challenging Yet Rewarding Journey of Obtaining the CET-4 CertificateAs a university student in China, the prospect of taking the College English Test Band 4 (CET-4) has been looming over me for quite some time. This nationally recognized English proficiency test is not only a requirement for graduation but also a stepping stone towards future academic and professional opportunities. While the thought of sitting for this high-stakes examination initially filled me with trepidation, the journey towards obtaining the coveted CET-4 certificate has proven to be a transformative and rewarding experience.Preparation: A Delicate BalancePreparing for the CET-4 has been a delicate balancing act, requiring a judicious allocation of time and effort amidst the demands of my regular coursework and extracurricular activities. From the outset, I realized that a haphazard and disorganized approach would only lead to frustration and disappointment.Consequently, I devised a comprehensive study plan, meticulously scheduling dedicated time slots for each component of the test – listening, reading, writing, and translation.One of the greatest challenges I faced was overcoming my weakness in listening comprehension. The rapid pace and diverse accents of the audio materials often left me struggling to keep up. To combat this, I diligently practiced with authentic English audio and video resources, gradually training my ears to adapt to the nuances of the language. Additionally, I discovered the invaluable technique of active listening, which involved taking concise notes and focusing on key words and phrases rather than attempting to comprehend every single word.The reading component, with its wide array of topics ranging from science and technology to literature and arts, required a broad knowledge base and a keen eye for detail. I spent countless hours poring over sample passages, analyzing the structure, and dissecting the author's arguments. Gradually, I developed the ability to skim through texts efficiently, identifying main ideas and extracting relevant information – a skill that would undoubtedly prove invaluable in my future academic and professional pursuits.Writing, a domain that had once been a source of trepidation, gradually became a source of confidence and creative expression. Through meticulous practice and feedback from my English tutors, I honed my ability to craftwell-structured essays, incorporating appropriate vocabulary, idioms, and transitions. The translation section, which initially seemed daunting, became more manageable as I familiarized myself with common patterns and idiomatic expressions in both English and Chinese.The Test Day: Nerves and DeterminationAs the test day approached, a mixture of excitement and apprehension swirled within me. Despite the countless hours of preparation, there was still a lingering sense of uncertainty – a feeling that is all too familiar to every test-taker. However, I was determined not to let these nerves undermine my performance.Arriving at the testing center early, I took a few moments to compose myself, engaging in deep breathing exercises and positive self-talk. Once inside the exam room, I focused my attention on the task at hand, blocking out any distractions and channeling all my energy into each section of the test.The listening section, which had once been my Achilles' heel, now seemed more manageable thanks to my extensive practice.The reading passages, though challenging, were navigated with a newfound confidence and analytical prowess. As I transitioned to the writing and translation sections, the words flowed from my pen with a sense of ease and clarity that surprised even me.Post-Test Reflections and AchievementsIn the weeks that followed the test, I found myself eagerly awaiting the results, constantly refreshing the website and checking my email. When the long-awaited scores finally arrived, a wave of relief and pride washed over me – I had not only passed but exceeded my own expectations.Obtaining the CET-4 certificate was more than just a testament to my English proficiency; it was a validation of the countless hours of dedication, perseverance, and unwavering determination that I had invested in this journey. The skills I had honed throughout the preparation process – time management, active learning, critical thinking, and effective communication –would undoubtedly serve me well in my future academic and professional endeavors.Looking back, I realized that the true value of this experience extended far beyond the confines of the test itself. It was a transformative journey that pushed me to confront myweaknesses, embrace challenges head-on, and ultimately emerge as a more confident and well-rounded individual.As I embark on the next chapter of my life, armed with the CET-4 certificate and the invaluable lessons I've learned along the way, I feel a renewed sense of determination and resilience. The journey may have been arduous, but the rewards have been well worth the effort. With this experience under my belt, I am better equipped to tackle future challenges and seize the opportunities that lie ahead.篇2To Certify or Not to Certify, That is the QuestionAs students in modern China, we face an endless barrage of standardized tests and exams. The College English Test Band 4, commonly known as CET-4, joins the gauntlet of assessments that loom over our academic careers like a menacing cloud. This English proficiency exam has sparked debates, fueled anxieties, and left many questioning its true value. As I approach my own encounter with CET-4, I find myself caught in the crosshairs of this ongoing controversy.On one hand, the allure of a nationally recognized English certification carries undeniable weight. In a globalized worldwhere English reigns as the lingua franca of business and academia, possessing a CET-4 certificate could potentially open doors to coveted opportunities. Employers and universities alike often view it as a tangible indicator of English competency, a badge of linguistic honor that separates the wheat from the chaff.However, the counterarguments against the necessity of CET-4 are equally compelling. Critics argue that the exam's validity as a true measure of English proficiency is questionable at best. After all, can a single, standardized test truly encapsulate the nuances and complexities of a language as rich and multifaceted as English? The ability to comprehend intricate texts and formulate coherent responses under timed conditions may not accurately reflect one's overall linguistic aptitude.Moreover, the immense pressure and stress associated with CET-4 have led some to question its impact on students' mental well-being. The exam's high-stakes nature can breed unhealthy levels of anxiety, transforming what should be a journey of language acquisition into a nightmarish ordeal of rote memorization and constant worry. Is this truly the most effective way to foster linguistic competence?As I weigh the pros and cons, I find myself torn between the pragmatic allure of a recognized certification and the philosophical reservations surrounding its validity and impact. On the one hand, the potential career and academic advantages associated with CET-4 are undeniable in today's competitive landscape. Holding this certificate could open doors to coveted jobs and educational opportunities, both domestically and abroad.Yet, I cannot help but wonder if we, as students, have become too fixated on the pursuit of credentials at the expense of genuine learning and growth. Is the CET-4 merely another hoop to jump through, another box to check off in our relentless quest for academic validation? Or should we strive for a more holistic approach to language acquisition, one that emphasizes practical communication skills, cultural understanding, and a genuine love for the intricacies of the English language?Perhaps the solution lies in striking a balance between the two extremes. While the CET-4 should not be treated as thebe-all and end篇3The Challenge of the CET-4: A Student's JourneyAs a university student in China, one of the most significant milestones we face is the College English Test Band 4, commonly known as the CET-4. This exam has become a rite of passage, a testament to our English proficiency and a gateway to various opportunities. For many of us, the journey towards conquering the CET-4 is a rollercoaster ride of emotions, marked by challenges, determination, and a relentless pursuit of linguistic excellence.When I first learned about the CET-4, I must admit that a sense of trepidation crept in. The exam's reputation as a formidable challenge was well-established, and the pressure to perform well was palpable. However, as I delved deeper into the intricacies of the test, I realized that it was not merely an assessment of language skills but a comprehensive evaluation of our ability to comprehend, analyze, and express ourselves in English.The preparation process was arduous, yet rewarding. I spent countless hours poring over textbooks, immersing myself in English literature, and practicing mock tests. Each section of the exam posed its unique set of challenges. The listening comprehension section tested our ability to grasp nuances and subtle intonations, while the reading comprehension sectiondemanded a keen eye for detail and a deep understanding of complex texts. The writing section challenged us to articulate our thoughts with clarity and coherence, and the translation component required a delicate balance between linguistic precision and cultural sensitivity.Throughout this journey, I encountered numerous obstacles. There were times when the vocabulary seemed insurmountable, and the grammatical intricacies felt like an impenetrable maze. However, it was during these moments of struggle that I learned to embrace perseverance and resilience. I sought guidance from my professors, formed study groups with fellow classmates, and explored innovative learning strategies, such as language immersion apps and online resources.One of the most valuable lessons I learned during this process was the importance of time management. Balancing my CET-4 preparation with my academic coursework and extracurricular activities was a constant juggling act. I had to prioritize my commitments, allocate dedicated study periods, and remain disciplined in my approach. This experience not only strengthened my language skills but also honed my organizational abilities, a valuable asset for any future endeavor.As the exam date loomed closer, the pressure intensified, but so did my determination. I reminded myself of the countless hours of hard work I had invested and the sacrifices I had made to reach this point. The CET-4 was not merely a test; it was a testament to my dedication, perseverance, and love for the English language.The day of the exam arrived, and I walked into the testing center with a sense of nervous anticipation. The hours ticked by as I navigated through each section, drawing upon the knowledge and strategies I had meticulously cultivated. When I finally emerged from the examination hall, a wave of relief and accomplishment washed over me.Weeks later, when the results were announced, and I saw my name among the successful candidates, a feeling of immense pride and satisfaction enveloped me. The CET-4 certificate was more than just a piece of paper; it was a symbol of my hard work, resilience, and linguistic prowess.Reflecting on this journey, I realize that the CET-4 was not merely an academic endeavor but a transformative experience that shaped my personal growth. It taught me the value of perseverance, time management, and the ability to embrace challenges head-on. The skills I acquired during this process willundoubtedly prove invaluable as I navigate the complexities of the professional world and pursue my dreams.To my fellow students embarking on this journey, I offer these words of encouragement: embrace the challenge, persist through the struggles, and never underestimate the power of dedication. The CET-4 is a formidable obstacle, but with unwavering determination and a passion for learning, it is a summit that can be conquered. Remember, the journey is just as。
英语作文-区块链技术应用于教育认证,保障学历真实性
英语作文-区块链技术应用于教育认证，保障学历真实性In the realm of education, the verification of academic credentials has long been a cumbersome process fraught with inefficiencies and opportunities for fraud. The advent of blockchain technology offers a transformative solution to these challenges, ensuring the authenticity and integrity of educational qualifications.Blockchain, at its core, is a distributed ledger technology that allows data to be stored on multiple servers across the world. This data is then chained together using cryptographic principles, ensuring that once information is entered, it cannot be altered retroactively. In the context of educational certifications, this means that once a degree or diploma is recorded on a blockchain, it becomes a permanent, unforgeable record of a student's academic achievements.The application of blockchain in education extends beyond mere record-keeping. It can facilitate the seamless transfer of credits between institutions, enable employers to verify qualifications quickly and reliably, and even allow students to have more control over their educational records. For instance, a student could potentially share their blockchain-based transcript with an employer or another institution with the assurance that the record is accurate and tamper-proof.Moreover, blockchain can be used to issue digital badges or micro-credentials, which represent a learner's skills or achievements in a more granular way than traditional degrees. These digital representations are easily shareable and verifiable, making them particularly useful in today's fast-paced, digital-first job market.One of the most significant benefits of using blockchain for educational credentials is the reduction of fraudulent claims. The immutable nature of blockchain records means that it is virtually impossible for individuals to falsify their educational background. This has profound implications for employers, who spend considerable resources verifying the qualifications of potential hires.Educational institutions also stand to benefit from blockchain technology. By automating the verification process, they can reduce administrative burdens and costs associated with transcript requests and the validation of degrees. Furthermore, blockchain's decentralized nature means that even if an institution's records were compromised, the credentials stored on the blockchain would remain secure and intact.The implementation of blockchain in education also raises important considerations regarding privacy and access. It is crucial that personal data is protected and that students have control over who can access their educational records. Fortunately, blockchain's design allows for privacy-preserving measures, such as encryption and permissioned access, ensuring that sensitive information remains confidential.In conclusion, the application of blockchain technology in the field of education presents a promising avenue for safeguarding the authenticity of academic credentials. Its ability to provide secure, immutable, and easily verifiable records has the potential to revolutionize the way educational achievements are recorded and shared. As the technology matures and its adoption widens, we may witness a new era of trust and efficiency in the verification of academic qualifications, benefiting learners, institutions, and employers alike. With careful consideration of privacy and access, blockchain stands ready to address the longstanding challenges of educational certification and open up new possibilities for the recognition of learning. 。
passing the verification检定合格 -回复
passing the verification检定合格-回复Verification is a crucial process in various domains, ensuring the authenticity, accuracy, and reliability of information, products, or services. This article will delve into the steps involved in passing verification, using the theme "passing the verification检定合格" as a guiding principle. By understanding these steps, individuals and organizations can navigate through the verification process successfully.Step 1: Understand the Verification RequirementsTo pass verification, it is vital to comprehend the specific requirements imposed by the verifying entity. These requirements may differ based on the industry, purpose, or nature of the verification. Familiarize yourself with the guidelines, standards, and protocols that need to be adhered to.Step 2: Gather the Necessary DocumentationOnce the verification requirements are known, the next step is to gather all the necessary documentation. This documentation may include identification documents, certificates, licenses, permits, or any other relevant paperwork. Ensure that all documents are up to date, accurate, and comply with the specific verificationrequirements.Step 3: Prepare for Verification InspectionsIn many cases, verification involves on-site inspections or audits to verify compliance with certain standards or regulations. Therefore, it is imperative to prepare for these inspections thoroughly. This may involve conducting internal audits, ensuring the availability of required facilities or equipment, and training staff members to handle the verification process professionally.Step 4: Implement Necessary Changes or ImprovementsBased on the findings of internal audits or in preparation for verification inspections, it may be necessary to implement changes or improvements. Identify any areas that require attention and take appropriate actions to rectify them. This may involve upgrading equipment, updating procedures, or enhancing training programs to comply with the verification requirements.Step 5: Submit Application for VerificationOnce all the necessary documentation is gathered, and preparations are complete, it is time to submit the application for verification. Ensure that the application is completed accuratelyand all required documents are attached appropriately. Pay attention to any deadlines or submission requirements specified by the verifying entity.Step 6: Cooperate with the Verifying EntityDuring the verification process, cooperation with the verifying entity is crucial. Respond promptly to any requests for additional information, attend scheduled inspections or audits, and address any concerns or questions raised by the verifiers. Demonstrating transparency, professionalism, and a willingness to cooperate can positively influence the verification outcome.Step 7: Address any Identified Non-ConformitiesIn some cases, verification may uncover non-conformities or areas of improvement. It is essential to address these identified issues promptly and effectively. Develop corrective measures and implement them to rectify any discrepancies or shortcomings. Demonstrating a proactive approach towards resolving non-conformities improves the chances of successfully passing verification.Step 8: Receive Verification ResultsAfter completing the verification process, the next step is to await the verification results. Depending on the verifying entity, these results may be provided in the form of a certificate, a report, or a compliance statement. Carefully review the outcome and take necessary action based on the results received.Step 9: Maintain Compliance and Renew Verification Verification is not a one-time process; it is essential to maintain ongoing compliance to continue meeting the required standards or regulations. Regularly assess and enhance your processes, procedures, and systems to ensure continuous compliance. Additionally, monitor verification expiry dates and initiate the renewal process within the stipulated timelines to avoid any interruption in verification status.Step 10: Leverage Verification StatusOnce the verification is successfully passed and maintained, it is vital to leverage the verification status. Promote your verified status through appropriate channels to enhance your credibility, reputation, and market standing. This can lead to numerous benefits, including increased customer trust, improved business opportunities, and a competitive advantage.In conclusion, passing verification requires careful navigation through multiple steps. Understanding the specific verification requirements, gathering necessary documentation, preparing for inspections, implementing changes, submitting applications accurately, cooperating with the verifying entity, addressing non-conformities promptly, and maintaining ongoing compliance are all crucial elements in achieving successful verification. By following these steps, individuals and organizations can fulfill the necessary criteria and obtain the desired verification status.。
TDI Mine Diver Level I 初级矿洞潜水师级别一说明书
24. Mine Diver Level I24.1 IntroductionThis course is the first stage in the TDI Mine Diver development program and is an introduction to the basic principles of mine diving utilizing a single primary guideline. This introduction is not intended to train divers for all facets of mine diving. The objective of this course is the perfection of skills taught in the TDI Cavern Diving program, in addition to the adoption of additional techniques and procedures required for elementary mine dives. This course may be combined with TDI Mine Diver Level II at the discretion of the instructor. This course uses the same principles and techniques as the TDI Intro to Cave course, including utilizing the same training materials and equipment. However, dual certification is not permitted and graduates wishing to dive in caves must complete the TDI Intro to Cave course.24.2 Qualifications of GraduatesUpon successful completion of this course, graduates may engage in single guideline Mine diving activities without direct supervision, provided the graduates adhere to the following limits:1.Penetration is limited to 1/3 of a single diving cylinder, or 1/6th if using doublecylinders.2.40 Metres/130 Feet maximum depth.3.No decompression diving.4.Maintain a continuous guideline.5.Proper mine diving equipment is used.6.Upon successful completion of this course, graduates are qualified to enroll in:a.TDI Mine Diver Level II course.24.3 Who May TeachAny active TDI Mine Diving Instructor specifically authorized by the HQ Training Department. Minimum criteria to be considered for authorization are:1.TDI Full Cave Instructor with a verifiable minimum of 30 mine dives.ORplete a Mine Diver Level 1 Instructor course with an active status TDI Mine DiverIT.2.Prerequisites for the Mine Diver Level 1 instructor course include:a.Certification as a Mine Diver Level 2.b.Certification as a TDI Nitrox instructor or higher.c.Proof of 150 logged mine divesd.Have taught a minimum of 4 TDI courses.e.Have assisted with at least one TDI Mine Diver Level 1 course.24.4 Student to Instructor RatioAcademic:1.Unlimited, so long as adequate facility, supplies and time are provided to ensurecomprehensive and complete training of subject matter.Confined Water (swimming pool-like conditions):1.N/A.Mine Dives:1. A maximum of 3 students per active TDI Instructor are allowed.2.The ratio should be reduced as required due to environmental or operationalconstraints.24.5 Student Prerequisites1.Minimum age 18.2.Certified TDI Cavern Diver or equivalent OR Open Water Scuba Diver with 25 loggeddives. If students are not cavern certified, 2 additional dives must be added to the course, with all skills from the Mine Diver Level 1 course to be performed during those two dives in the natural or artificial daylight zone of the mine prior to conducting any further dives beyond the light zone. Diver must demonstrate buoyancy control, trim, and proper propulsion technique before progressing beyond the light zone.3.Divers must have SDI Deep Diver certification (or equivalent) or provide proof ofexperience to dive deeper than 18 Metres/60 Feet in this course.24.6 Course Structure and DurationWater Execution:1.Minimum of 4 single guideline mine dives with a total bottom time of 100 minutesconducted at 2 different sites (different water entry points in the same mine system may be considered a different site for Mine Diver Level I training if they are at least 50 Metres/165 Feet apart).2.If the student is already certified as a TDI Intro to Cave or Full Cave Diver, a maximumof 2 dives may be credited towards Mine Diver Level I training at the discretion of the instructor.3.If combined with Mine Diver Level II, a total of 12 dives with a total minimum bottomtime of 340 minutes must be conducted over a minimum of 6 days.Course Structure:1.TDI allows instructors to structure courses according to the number of studentsparticipating and their skill level.Duration:1.The minimum number of classroom and briefing hours is 42.The course must be taught over 2 days.24.7 Administrative RequirementsAdministrative Tasks:1.Collect the course fees from all the students.2.Ensure that the students have the required equipment.municate the schedule to the students.4.Have the students complete the:a.TDI Liability Release and Express Assumption of Risk Form.b.TDI Medical Statement Form.Upon successful completion of the course the instructor must:1.Issue the appropriate TDI certification by submitting the TDI Diver Registration Form toTDI Headquarters or registering the students online through member’s area of the TDI website.24.8 Training MaterialRequired Material:1.TDI Diving in Overhead Environments Manual.2.TDI Diving in Overhead Environments Instructor Guide.3.TDI Diving in Overhead Environments Instructor Resource CD (Optional).Optional Material:1.NACD Art of Safe Cave Diving.2.Basic Cave Diving – A Blueprint for Survival.3.CDAA - Cavern/Sinkhole Manual.4.NSS-CDS Cave Diving Manual.5.The Darkness Beckons – Martyn Farr.6.Cavern Measureless to Man.24.9 Required EquipmentThe following equipment is required for each student:1.Primary cylinder(s); volume appropriate for planned dive and student gas consumption.2.Dual-orifice (Y) or (H) closed valve or dual valve manifold.3.Two independent first and second stage regulators; one regulator equipped with a longhose.4.Submersible pressure gauge.5.Buoyancy compensator device (BCD) with power inflator.6.Exposure suit adequate for diving environment.7.Mask and fins, NO snorkel.8.Line cutting device.9.Three battery powered lights; 1 primary and 2 back-ups, each with a with burn timesuitable for the planned dive time.10.Safety reel with a minimum of 37 Metres/125 Feet of guideline.11.One primary cave-diving reel with length appropriate for intended dive.puter, watch or bottom timer and depth gauge.13.Slate or wet notes with a pencil.14.Submersible dive tables or backup dive computer.15.Three directional line arrows.The required equipment is the same as TDI Intro to Cave diver.Instructor must use equipment required for TDI Full Cave diving during all water exercises.24.10 Required Subject AreasThe following topics must be covered during this course:1.Policy for Mine/Cave Diving.2.Gas Matching Procedures and Management to Include Dissimilar Volumes.3.Psychological Considerations.4.Equipment Considerations:a.Cylinder options.b.Regulator options.c.Buoyancy compensator device (BCD)/harness options.d.Reel options.e.Proper weighting.f.Equipment configurations.munication:a.Hand signals.b.Light signals.c.Touch contact signals.6.Swimming Techniques:a.Body posture/ trim.b.Buoyancy control.c.Line following.d.Propulsion techniques.7.Physiology:a.Breathing techniques.b.Stress management.8.Mine Environment:a.Types of mines.b.Geology:i.Bottom.ii.Ceiling.c.Structure.d.Hazards.e.Local access requirements.ndowner relations.9.Conservation.10.Problem Solving:a.Emergency procedures.b.Equipment failure.c.Silting conditions.11.Accident Analysis.12.Review of Dive Tables and Decompression Theory.13.Mine/Cave Diving Etiquette.24.11 Required Skill Performance and Graduation RequirementsAs much of the following information as possible must be determined/obtained and utilized in dive planning:1.What material(s) were extracted from the mine and by what method(s).2.Were toxic solutions or substances used or created during the extraction process and isthere a risk of such substance(s) remaining or of any general pollution. If so, ascertain which location(s).3.Obtain a detailed map of the mine from the mining company or whoever is responsiblefor the site.4.Are there any known or potentially collapsible tunnels?5.All known access and egress points from the mine, their depths and possible emergencytraverses to other exits.6.Type(s) of sediment in the mine.7.Type of ceiling supports, I.e., wooden or metal and how to detect signs of wear, type ofdebris left in the mine.8.All possible entanglement points.9.Location, size, and depth of vertical extraction shafts.10.Points that could damage divers’ delicate equipment such as lines, dry suits, etc.11.Line options.12.How to evaluate the stability of a passage.13.Existing collapse points.14.Special equipment requirements.15.Type of entry/exit.Land Drills:1.How to properly:a.Deploy a guideline.b.Follow a guideline.e of safety reel in:a.Lost diver procedures.b.Lost line drill.The student must perform the following S-drill and skills during all dives:1.Demonstrate:a.Adequate pre-dive planning.b.Equipment checks and equipment matching.c.Bubble check.d.Specialized propulsion techniques in varying types of flow.e.Proper buoyancy control.f.Proper body posture.g.Proper stress analysis (detection and management).In-water skills:1.Properly deploy a guideline.2.Properly use line markers.3.Properly follow a guideline with eyes open and closed, simulating loss of visibility.4.Air share with a buddy with eyes open, following the guideline.5.Air share with a buddy with lights off, eyes closed and use touch contact, following theguideline.6.Remove and replace mask while in contact with guideline.7.Demonstrate light/hand -signals and touch contact.8.Conservation and awareness techniques.9.Referencing as back-up navigation.10.Demonstrate adequate anti-silting techniques.11.Simulate a primary light failure and use back light to exit the mine.12.Demonstrate lost line and lost diver drills.13.Identify and avoid potential hazard, entanglement, and collapse points.In order to complete this course, students must:1.Satisfactorily complete the TDI Intro Cave Diver Course written examination (thisrequirement may be waived by the instructor if the student is already TDI Intro to Cave certified).2.Perform all land drills and mine dive requirements safely and efficiently.3.Demonstrate mature, sound judgment concerning dive planning and execution.4.Maintain an appropriate level of awareness and respect for the mine environment.5.Log all dives.24.12 Permission to DiveBefore conducting training in any man-made environment, permission must be obtained from whoever is responsible for the site; for example, the mine owner/operator, government department, etc.Additionally, the relevant local emergency services should be informed of the activity prior to commencement.。
庆祝老师的贺卡英语作文
As an experienced English teacher,I have witnessed the profound impact a simple gesture of appreciation can have on educators.One such moment that stands out in my memory is when I received a heartfelt card from a group of students to celebrate Teachers Day.The card was not just a piece of paper with words it was a testament to the bond that had formed between us over the course of the academic year. The students had taken the time to write individual messages,each one reflecting their unique experiences and the lessons they had learned,not just from the curriculum,but from the values and life skills I had tried to impart.The front of the card featured a beautiful illustration of a tree,with its roots deep and strong,and branches reaching out wide,symbolizing the growth and expansion of knowledge.It was a fitting metaphor for the role of a teacher,nurturing the minds of students and helping them to flourish.Inside the card,the first thing that caught my eye was a collective message penned by the class.It read,Thank you for guiding us through the maze of learning,for your patience,and for being a beacon of inspiration.The sincerity of their words resonated with me,reminding me of the importance of my role in their lives.Each student had also contributed a personal note.One student wrote about how my lessons on English literature had sparked a love for reading in them,opening up a world of imagination and creativity.Another mentioned the patience I had shown in helping them overcome their fearof public speaking,a skill that has since become second nature to them.The card was adorned with handdrawn doodles and stickers,adding a touch of whimsy and personality.It was clear that the students had put a lot of thought and effort into creating something that would convey their gratitude in a meaningful way.As I read through each message,I was filled with a sense of pride and fulfillment.It was a reminder that the hours spent preparing lessons,the late nights grading papers,and the moments of frustration when concepts didnt quite click were all part of a larger journey of growth and learning, not just for the students,but for me as well.The card also served as a reminder of the power of appreciation.Its easy to get caught up in the daytoday challenges of teaching and forget the impact we have on our students.But receiving such a heartfelt token of gratitude was a powerful reminder of why I chose this profession in the first place.In the years that followed,I have kept that card as a reminder of the joy and satisfaction that comes from teaching.Its a reminder that,despite the challenges,the moments of connection and growth are what make the profession truly rewarding.In conclusion,the celebration of Teachers Day through a simple card from my students was a profound experience.It was a testament to the deep connections that can form in the classroom and the lasting impact thatteachers can have on their students lives.It was a celebration not just of my role as a teacher,but of the collective journey of learning and growth that we had embarked on together.。
Detailed+explanation+of+the+process,+methods,+and
汇报人：
2024-01-04
Exam processlearning methodExam taking skillsSimulated test questions and analysisHistorical True Questions and Analysis
考生可以选择不同类型的写作题目进行练习，如记叙文、议论文、说明文等。在写作过程中，注意把握文章的结构、逻辑和语言表达能力，并注意符合题目的要求和语言规范。同时，通过多写、多修改和多反馈，逐渐提高自己的写作水平。
翻译技能对于Band 4考试也非常重要，考生需要掌握基本的翻译技巧和方法。
考生可以选择一些英文文章进行翻译练习，通过将英文翻译成中文或中文翻译成英文，提高自己的翻译技能。在翻译过程中，注意把握原文的意思和语言风格，并注意符合目标语言的表达习惯和规范。同时，通过多翻译、多比较和多总结，逐渐提高自己的翻译水平。
Qualification
Applicants must meet the minimum qualification requirements, which typically include a minimum age limit and proficiency in English language skills.
contents
目录
Exam process
01
VS
Applicants need to register online and provide necessary personal information. Proof of identity and age may also be required during the registration process.
proof of sufficient financial provisions
proof of sufficient financial provisionsProof of Sufficient Financial ProvisionsIn today's globalized and interconnected world, the importance of proving sufficient financial provisions cannot be overstated. Whether it is a visa application, college enrollment, or even an employment opportunity, individuals are often required to provide evidence of their financial stability. This article aims to provide a comprehensive guide on how to present a compelling proof of sufficient financial provisions, ensuring a smooth and successful outcome.Step 1: Understand the RequirementsThe first step in presenting a robust proof of sufficient financial provisions is to thoroughly understand the requirements of the institution or organization requesting the documentation. Each entity may have its specific guidelines and expectations, which must be met to ensure compliance. Review any provided documentation or consult with the respective authority to gain a clear understanding of the necessary information and supporting documents.Step 2: Gather Relevant Financial StatementsOnce familiar with the requirements, it is essential to gather all relevant financial statements and paperwork. Thesemay include bank statements, tax returns, salary slips, investment statements, property deeds or rental agreements, declarations of assets, and any other relevant financial documents. Collecting a comprehensive range of financial statements will help demonstrate consistent financial stability and abundance.Step 3: Analyze Cash Flow and AssetsAfter gathering the necessary financial statements, it is crucial to analyze and understand the individual's overall cash flow and assets. This step involves evaluating income sources, regular expenses, debts, and liabilities. A detailed analysis will allow individuals to present a comprehensive picture of their financial situation, demonstrating not only stable income but also prudent financial management.Step 4: Demonstrate Available FundsOne of the key elements in proving sufficient financial provisions is to showcase available funds that can cover expenses under consideration. Whether it is tuition fees, living costs, or investments, it is vital to demonstrate that there are ample funds readily available. This can be shown through bank statements with a consistent balance, investment portfolios, or any other evidence of financial reserves such as fixed depositsor savings. It is essential to ensure that these funds meet or exceed the required financial thresholds.Step 5: Show Steady Income and EmploymentIn addition to available funds, demonstrating a steady income and employment is critical in proving financial stability. This can be accomplished through payslips or employment contracts, highlighting a consistent income stream. Forself-employed individuals, providing documentation of business ownership, income statements, and client contracts can demonstrate a predictable source of income. Stable employment or business income not only reassures the requesting party but also showcases the ability to continue supporting oneself financially in the long run.Step 6: Consider Additional Financial SupportIn some cases, individuals may not possess sufficient personal financial resources to meet the requirements. In such situations, it is essential to consider additional financial support from family members, sponsors, or scholarships that may be available. Including letters of support or sponsorship agreements from the respective individuals or organizations can strengthen the proof of sufficient financial provisions.Step 7: Seek Professional Assistance, if NecessaryWhile the aforementioned steps provide a comprehensive approach to proving sufficient financial provisions, it is worth noting that complex cases or unfamiliar requirements may benefit from professional assistance. Financial advisors or immigration lawyers can offer expertise and guidance throughout the process, ensuring compliance and increasing the chances of a favorable outcome.In conclusion, presenting a robust proof of sufficient financial provisions requires thorough preparation and an organized approach. By understanding the requirements, gathering relevant financial statements, analyzing cash flow and assets, demonstrating available funds, showcasing steady income and employment, considering additional financial support, and seeking professional assistance when necessary, individuals can effectively prove their financial stability and enhance their chances of success in various applications and opportunities. Remember, a well-prepared proof of sufficient financial provisions not only instills confidence in the requesting party but also reflects an individual's soundfinancial standing.。
proof-ofconcept randomised study -回复
proof-ofconcept randomised study -回复标题：Proof of Concept Randomised Study: A Comprehensive ApproachIntroduction:A proof of concept (PoC) randomised study is a research design that aims to establish the feasibility and potential effectiveness of a new intervention, treatment, or technology. It involves the random allocation of participants into experimental and control groups to evaluate the impact of the intervention under investigation. This article will delve into the process of conducting a PoC randomised study, step by step.Step 1: Define the Research Question and ObjectivesThe first step in any research project is to clearly define the research question and objectives. In a PoC randomised study, this involves identifying the intervention or technology to be tested and specifying the outcomes of interest. The research question should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART). For instance, a research question for a PoC randomisedstudy might be: "Does the use of a novel mobile application improve medication adherence in patients with chronic conditions compared to standard care?"Step 2: Literature Review and Background ResearchOnce the research question has been defined, it is essential to conduct a thorough literature review to understand the existing knowledge on the topic. This will help identify gaps in the current research and inform the design of the PoC study. The literature review should cover previous studies on similar interventions, the target population, and the expected outcomes.Step 3: Develop the Study DesignThe study design for a PoC randomised study typically involves the random allocation of participants into two groups: an intervention group and a control group. The intervention group receives the new intervention or technology, while the control group receives standard care or a placebo. The study design should also specify the duration of the intervention, the frequency of data collection, and the outcome measures to be used.Step 4: Sample Size CalculationDetermining the appropriate sample size is crucial for ensuring the study has sufficient statistical power to detect meaningful differences between the intervention and control groups. The sample size calculation should consider the desired level of significance, the expected effect size, and the variability in the outcome measures. Various statistical formulas and software tools are available to assist with sample size calculations.Step 5: Participant Recruitment and RandomisationRecruiting participants who meet the inclusion criteria and obtaining their informed consent is a critical aspect of the study. Randomisation ensures that the intervention and control groups are comparable at baseline and reduces the risk of bias. There are various methods for randomisation, including simple randomisation, block randomisation, and stratified randomisation. The randomisation process should be conducted by an independent party or using a computer-generated random sequence.Step 6: Intervention ImplementationThe intervention should be implemented according to the predefined protocol, ensuring consistency across all participants in the intervention group. Any deviations from the protocol should be documented and reported in the final analysis. The intervention may involve training participants on how to use the new technology or providing them with additional support throughout the study period.Step 7: Data Collection and ManagementData collection should be conducted at regular intervals, as specified in the study design. Outcome measures should be clearly defined and operationalised to ensure consistency in data collection. Data management procedures should be established to ensure the accuracy, completeness, and confidentiality of the data. Electronic data capture systems can facilitate data entry and reduce errors.Step 8: Data AnalysisThe data analysis should be pre-specified in the study protocol and should include both intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses. The primary outcome measure should be analysed using appropriate statistical tests, such as t-tests or ANOVA, depending on the type of data and the research question. Secondary outcome measures and subgroup analyses may also be conducted.Step 9: Interpretation and Reporting of ResultsThe results of the PoC randomised study should be interpreted in the context of the research question and objectives. The findings should be reported transparently, including details on the study design, participant characteristics, intervention implementation, data collection and analysis, and limitations. The implications of the results for future research and clinical practice should also be discussed.Conclusion:A proof of concept randomised study is a valuable research design for evaluating the feasibility and potential effectiveness of newinterventions or technologies. By following a systematic approach, researchers can ensure that their study is well-designed, rigorously conducted, and accurately reported. While PoC studies have some limitations, such as small sample sizes and short follow-up periods, they can provide important insights into the potential benefits and challenges of new interventions and inform the design oflarger-scale trials.。
再验证方案用英文
Verification Program: A comprehensive guide IntroductionIn today’s competitive digital landscape, it is essential to ensure the reliability and accuracy of software systems. Verification programs play a crucial role in validating the functionality and performance of various software applications. This document aims to provide a comprehensive guide to verification program design, emphasizing the utilization of English for better understanding and collaboration among international teams.Table of Contents1.What is Verification?2.Why is Verification Important?3.Types of Verification4.Key Components of a Verification Program–Test Planning–Test Design–Test Execution–Test Reporting5.Verification Program Workflow6.Challenges in Verification7.Best Practices for Successful Verification8.Conclusion1. What is Verification?Verification is the process of evaluating software systems to determine whether they comply with the specified requirements. It involves conducting systematic tests, inspections, and analyses to ensure that the software behaves as intended and meets the customer’s expectations.2. Why is Verification Important?Effective verification is critical to the success of software systems. It helps identify defects, ensures compliance with regulations and standards, and enhances the overall quality of the software. By thoroughly testing and validating the software, potential issues and risks can be mitigated, resulting in increased user satisfaction and reduced development costs.3. Types of VerificationThere are various types of verification techniques employed in software development. Some common types include:•Static Testing: This technique involves analyzing the software code or documentation without executing it. It includes techniques like code reviews, inspections, and walkthroughs.•Dynamic Testing: Unlike static testing, dynamic testing involves the execution of software to test its behavior. This includes techniques such as unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing.•Model-based Testing: This approach involves creating a model of the system and generating test scenarios based on the model.•Performance Testing: Performance testing focuses on evaluating system performance under different load conditions to identify performance bottlenecks and ensure optimal performance.4. Key Components of a Verification ProgramTest PlanningTest planning involves defining the objectives, scope, and resources required for the verification process. It includes tasks such as identifying test scenarios, creating test plans, and allocating resources.Test DesignTest design encompasses the creation of test cases and test scenarios based on the specified requirements. It involves defining inputs, expected results, and test execution steps.Test ExecutionTest execution involves running the test cases and scenarios on the software system and validating the actual results against the expected results. It includes tasks like test environment setup, test data generation, and test execution.Test ReportingTest reporting is the process of documenting and communicating the results of the verification process. It includes generating test reports, defect reports, and providing recommendations for further improvement.5. Verification Program WorkflowA typical verification program follows the following workflow:1.Define Verification Objectives: Clearly define the objectives andgoals of the verification program.2.Identify Verification Scope: Determine the scope of the verificationprogram, including the software modules and functionalities to be tested.3.Plan Verification Activities: Develop a detailed test plan, includingtest scenarios, test cases, and resource allocation.4.Execute Verification Tests: Execute the test cases and scenarios,ensuring that each step is documented and executed as planned.5.Analyze Test Results: Analyze the test results and identify anydeviations from expected outcomes.6.Report and Document: Generate test reports, defect reports, anddocumentation that summarize the results and findings.7.Perform Root Cause Analysis: Investigate the root causes of anydefects or issues encountered during the verification process.8.Iterate and Improve: Incorporate lessons learned from theverification process and implement necessary improvements for future cycles.6. Challenges in VerificationWhile verification plays a crucial role in software development, several challenges need to be addressed:•Complexity: As software systems become more complex, verification becomes more challenging, as it involves testing various functionalities andcomponents.•Time and Resource Constraints: Limited time and resources can impede the thoroughness of the verification process.•Requirement Changes: Changes in project requirements can affect the scope and planning of the verification program.•Lack of Standardization: A lack of standardized verification practices can hinder effective collaboration among international teams.7. Best Practices for Successful VerificationTo overcome the challenges and ensure successful verification, developers can follow these best practices:•Early Verification: Start the verification process as early as possible, even during the software requirements gathering phase.•Clearly Defined Requirements: Ensure that requirements are well-documented and clearly understood by all stakeholders.•Utilize Test Automation: Automation can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the verification process.•Collaboration and Communication: Foster effective communication and collaboration among team members to exchange ideas and share insights.•Standardized Practices: Establish standardized verification practices across teams to ensure consistency and facilitate collaboration.ConclusionVerification programs are essential for the successful development and deployment of software systems. By following this comprehensive guide, software developers can design and implement effective verification programs that minimize defects, meet customer expectations, and enhance overall software quality. Emphasizing the use of English is crucial to facilitate collaboration among international teams and ensure clarity in communication.。
经济贸易英文表达
attract inv estme nt
专业最好文档，专业为你服务，急你所急，供你所需文档下载最佳的地方
专业最好文档，专业为你服务，急你所急，供你所需文档下载最佳的地方
招商项目
project proposals for inv estme nt
同国际惯例接轨
follow the internationalcodes of practice; bring…in
专业最好文档，专业为你服务，急你所急，供你所需文档下载最佳的地方
国民经济、对外经济贸易
NATIONAL ECONOMY, FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND TRADE
经济指标
econo mic in dicators
社会总产值
total product of society
the intern ati onal usage
line with
加大改革力度
inten sify reforms
一条龙服务
one package service
一支笔审批
on e-chop approval
我们两市的经济互补性很强。
To a great exte nt, the econo mies betwee n out two cities are compleme ntary to each other.
计划经济1
pla nned economy
统购统销
state mono poly over purchase and marketi ng
市场经济
market economy
指令性计划」
man datory pla n
英语作文宣传海报
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证明函英文版
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A Unified Proof of Minimum Time Complexity for Reaching Consensus andUniform Consensus–An Oracle-based ApproachJun XuCollege of ComputingGeorgia Institute of Technologyjx@Abstract:In this paper,we offer new proofs to twolower bound results in distributed computing:a mini-mum of and rounds for reaching consen-sus and uniform consensus respectively when at mostfail-stop faults can happen.Here the computationmodel is synchronous message passing.Both proofsare based on a novel oracle argument.These two in-duction proofs are unified in the following sense:theinduction steps are the same and only the initial step(=0)needs to be proved separately.The techniquesused in the proof offer new insights into the lowerbound results in distributed computing.Keywords:Consensus,uniform consensus,lowerbounds,fault tolerance1IntroductionThe problem of“reaching consensus under faults,”as originally defined in[11]in the context of byzantinefaults,is formulated as follows.A system consists ofa set of isolated processors,among which at mostprocessors can be faulty.Each pair of processorsmay communicate with each other through a two-partymessage passing channel,using a medium that is reli-able and of negligible delay(i.e.,synchronous systemmodel[9]).Here,two parties can implicitly infer thetrue identity of each other from the channel.Each pro-cessor has a private value.The problem is todesign an algorithm in which each nonfaulty proces-sor decides a value such that(a)(validity),and(b)no two nonfaulty processors decideon different values(agreement).This problem is alsofollows:Our proof is new and intuitive as compared to ex-isting lower bound proofs on both reaching con-sensus[4,10,1,6,7,8]and reaching uniform consensus[2,7].To the best of our knowledge,the oracle argument is novel in the context of proving lower bounds for consensus and uniform consensus.The ora-cle argument simplifies the proof and offers new insights into the problem.Our proof framework can be adapted to prov-ing other lower bound or impossibility results in distributed computing such as impossibility of reaching consensus under mobile failures[12],as explained at the end of the next section.2Our ProofWe follow the notations used in[11]and[4]as much as possible.Without loss of generality(shown in[4]),a distributed algorithm for reaching consen-sus under fail-stop faults among a set of processors,runs in a number of rounds (say)as follows.During thefirst round,each non-faulty processor sends its private value to other processors.For,during the round, each nonfaulty processor sends every other processor a message containing information they have obtained in the round,and each faulty processor may omit some of such messages during the round it crashes and will not participate in the protocol(become silent)in later rounds.After rounds,each nonfaulty processor runs a decision algorithm that takes all the infor-mation the processor gathers during all rounds as input and output a value.Consensus is reached if for any nonfaulty processors,the following agreement and validity conditions hold:(a)and(b) is the private value of some processors.Uniform con-sensus is reached if(c)a processor that decides before it crashes also decides on the consensus value reached by nonfaulty processors.Since we are proving lower bound results,it makes perfect sense to assume the weakest capability for con-sensus and uniform consensus algorithms:binary pri-vate values(hence binary consensus value)and fail-stop faults.We extend the notation to denote a sce-nario function.For a processor ,still denotes private value.In addition,for a string of processors,corre-sponds to the value which told that told ...that told was private value.So if the consensus algorithm executes for rounds,then is defined on.We refer to this as a-round scenario.Each scenario corresponds to an instance of program execution.Throughout this paper,we will use to de-note faulty or nonfaulty processors,to denote non-faulty processors only,and to denote a string of processors.Also,will always denote the total num-ber of processors.In a-round scenario,a proces-sor is called nonfaulty if for all .On the other hand,if is faulty at ()round,then the value() can be“omitting message in round”and the value ()is“omitting message in round .”For each scenario and a processor,we use to denote view:=and undefined elsewhere.Let be the set of all-round views at .The consensus decision algorithm at,which runs rounds,can be viewed as a functional(sinceis itself a function).We now introduce additional definitions and nota-tions needed to prove our main theorems.In the fol-lowing discussion,we always assume that a set of processors are involved in the algorithm.Each processor runs the consensus decision algorithm.Definition1.Let be a set of processors.We say that a scenario is S-good if every processor in is nonfaulty in and all the faults are fail-stop faults.A view at processor is said to be S-possible if there exists an-good scenario such that=.A-fault scenario is one in which no more than processors are faulty,and all faults are fail-stop faults.Definition2.We say that a-round scenario is an extension of a-round scenario iffor.Likewise,we say that a-round view is an extension of a-round view if for.Given two-round()scenarios and,we call the setthe difference set between and, denoted as.Definition 3.Given a-round-possible view at processor,we call the following extension of,denoted as,its optimistic extension: :=for any,if has not been found to omit a single message in the view,and“omitting message in round”( has fail-stopped)otherwise.It is clear from the def-inition that can obtain from through local computation.Lemma1.A-round View at processor is-possible is-possible.Proof:Since is-possible,there is an-good-round scenario such that=.Letall remain silent in round. Clearly is-good,and it is not hard to verify that .Definition4.Given a-round-good scenario,we call the following extension of,denoted as,its S-goodand.Clearly is -good because every continue to be nonfaulty in the round.Also,such an extension will not introduce any faults that are not fail-stop.For each processor,we say that the view is the-good).Then without executing the round,lets each processor decide on the value and halt.Here is the op-timistic extension of the view(see Definition3). We prove that the consensus is reached this way!To show this,note that reaches consensus among on the-goodsion value.Then we show that there must exist a tie-breaking vote,such that if this vote is missing due to a fault,no decision value can be made that guarantees consensus.Lemma3.(Florida Lemma)For every,.Proof:Wefirst show that, where.We only need to show that forinto two subsetsand. Then,for,.Also, for,.Thefirst and the last equali-ties come from the definition of and,respec-tively.Let be an enumeration of the set,where.We split into disjoint subsets,and,wherebecome silent in round in,(b)for each processor that starts to become faulty in round,it is“forced”to say the same thing to as it says to in round,and(c)what tells other processors in round in will be adjusted accord-ing to(b).Clearly processors in remain nonfaulty in and no faults are introduced in this modification that are not fail-stop.So is-good.It is not hard to verify that=.So is-possible.Similarly, we can prove that are all -possible.becomes silent in round(their existence im-plied in the previous paragraph).We modify scenario to scenario in which omits the message to in round but sends correct messages to all other processors.We modify scenario to scenario in exactly the same way.This makes a faulty pro-cessor in both and(fail-stop fault).So bothand are-fault scenarios.Also,view in both scenarios are the same,i.e.,,since and only differs on what tells in round. We show that now has a dilemma.Let, ,and(existence guaranteed by ).We know that. Also note that since the modification from to does not affect view.Since the algorithm reaches consensus for all-round-fault sce-narios,including,we know that. So.Similarly we can show that.So,contradicting our hypoth-esis.Finally,it remains to prove that.Since is-possible according to Lemma 1,we let be an-good scenario in which. Then we modify to such that all processors invote from,it can be“destroyed”when be-comes faulty in the last round.In the following,we assume that at most proces-sors can fail,.Now denotes the actual number of faults.Theorem4.(Uniform Consensus)There does not ex-ists a consensus algorithm that can reach uniform con-sensus in rounds,when up to faults actually happen.Here.Proof:The induction proof is almost identical to the proof of Theorem2,except for the initial step.Like in Theorem2,we again assume that a magic algorithm exists that can reach uniform consensus under all -fault scenarios in rounds,when at most pro-cessors can fail.Then if at most faults actually happen and at most processors can fail,we con-struct,which simulates for rounds and induces a scenario.Let be the set of nonfaulty processors in.For every processor that has not yet crashed, lets it decide on the value and halt.Lemma3 again proves that the(usual)consensus can be reached this way.Since in the proof of Lemma3,we need to introduce a potential additional fault,the assumption that at most processors can fail is critical.Now we only need to show the uniform consensus part.Let .If a processorfaulty processor never omits a message to other pro-cessors,while a faulty processor may omit some mes-sages during the round in which fault happens and becomes silent(sending out no messages)in later rounds.Aguilera and Toueg’s proof[1]is a forward induction based on Fischer’s bivalency argument[5]. Our Florida Lemma argument(shown later)is sim-ilar to the logic used in that proof.However,our proof cleanly extracts the“oracle argument”out of the involved reasoning process,making the proof more intuitive and easier to understand.Also,our proof smoothly extends to the case of uniform consensus, while it is not immediately clear how to make such an extension in the proof of[1].Moses and Rajsbaum[1] introduce a concept of layering combined with biva-lency arguments to prove a set of impossibility results in both synchronous and asynchronous ing this layering concept,Keidar and Rajsbaum’s tutorial [7]unifies the proof of three impossibility results in [7],two of which are the lower bounds for reaching consensus and reaching uniform consensus.However, though the layering argument is powerful in its ability to prove a large class of lower bound and impossibil-ity results,it is not quite intuitive in nature.The most recent proof on the lower bound for reaching uniform consensus is due to Charron-Bost and Schiper[2].The proof uses complicated induction steps,and is less in-tuitive compared to our oracle argument.Our oracle-based proof on consensus is simple and intuitive because it proves by contradiction:construct one“absurd oracle”from another.It is fundamentally different from bivalency-based proofs[10,1,7],which require the construction of a bivalent state that is“pre-served”from thefirst to the last round.Lynch’s Distributed Algorithm book[8]contains a proof of the consensus result that is not bivalency-based.In particular,some of the definitions introduced in our proof are related to definitions used in the proof in[8].For example,the concept ofextension()is related to the concept of failure-free run()in[8].However,the former is weaker and more restrictive than the latter.The Florida Lemma also looks to certain extent sim-ilar to a Lemma(Lemma6.35)used in the proof in [8]regarding regular runs(no more than faults in first rounds,).However,these two lem-mas are actually different in three fundamental ways.First,Lemma6.35is existential:there must exist achain of indistinguishable views between two regularruns.Florida Lemma,on the other hand,is construc-tive and stronger:and are evaluated to the same value by the local decision algorithm.Second,itis not clear whether Lemma6.35in[8]can be triviallyextended to proving uniform consensus.The FloridaLemma,on the other hand,can be“reused”by the uni-form consensus proof and after slight modification bythe mobile(omission)failure proof.Finally,FloridaLemma and Lemma6.35are proving different results.Moreover,the Florida Lemma can not be trivially de-rived from any Lemmas used(Lemma6.35included)in the proof in[8].4ConclusionIn this paper,we presents a self-contained,simple,and intuitive proof to the time complexity for assur-ing consensus and uniform consensus under fail-stopfaults,based on a novel oracle argument.Since or-acle argument is not constructive in nature,it avoidsthe involved process of developing a counterexample(bivalency),which all existing proofs use.The oracleargument offers unique insights into the nature of theproblem:when a more powerful algorithm(e.g.,de-signed for-fault scenarios)is used to deal witha weaker fault condition(e.g.,-fault scenarios),atleast one round can be saved.This insight is provedas the Florida Lemma using the“every vote counts”argument.Since the oracle argument is shown to bea generic method,we expect to identify more applica-tions of the oracle argument to proving lower boundsin distributed computing.AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Drs.Richard J.Lipton andYechezkel Zalcstein for encouraging me to publish thisidea.I also thank Dr.Mustaque Ahamad and anony-mous reviewers for their suggestions that help improvethe quality and readability of the paper. References[1]M.Aguilera and S.Toueg.A simple bivalency-based proof that t-resilient consensus requirest+rmation Processing Letters,71(3–4):155–158,1999.[2]B.Charron-Bost and A.Schiper.Uniform con-sensus is harder than consensus(extended ab-stract).Technical report,Swiss Federal Instituteof Technology,TR DSC/2000/028,Lausanne,Switzerland,May2000.[3]D.Dolev,R.Reischuk,and H.Strong.Earlystopping in byzantine agreement.Journal of theACM,37(4):720–741,October1990.[4]M.Fischer and N.Lynch.A lower bound forthe time to assure interactive r-mation Processing Letters,14(4):183–186,June1982.[5]M.Fischer,N.Lynch,and M.Paterson.Impos-sibility of distributed consensus with one faultyprocess.JACM,32(2):374–382,1985.[6]V.Hadzilacos.A lower bound for byzantineagreement with fail-stop processors.Techni-cal report,Technical Report21–83,Departmentof Computer Science,Harvard University,Cam-bridge,MA,July1983.[7]I.Keidar and S.Rajsbaum.On the cost of fault-tolerant consensus when there are no faults-atutorial.SIGACT News,32(2):45–63,June2001.[8]N.Lynch.Distributed Algorithms.Morgan Kauf-mann,1996.[9]N.Lynch and M.Fischer.On describing thebehavior and implementation of distributed sys-tems.Theoretical Computer Science,(13):17–43,1981.[10]Y.Moses and S.Rajsbaum.The unified struc-ture of consensus:a layered analysis approach.In17th ACM Symposium on Principles of Dis-tributed Computing(PODC),pages123–132,June1998.submitted for journal publication. [11]M.Pease,R.Shostak,and mport.Reachingagreement in the presence of faults.Journal ofthe ACM,27(2):228–234,1980.[12]N.Santoro and P.Widmayer.Time is not ahealer.In Proc.of ACM STOC’89,pages304–313,Paderborn,Germany,February1999.Alsoin LNCS349.。