2020年高考试题及模拟题分项解析之专题1：词、短语辨析

2020年高考试题及模拟题分项解析之专题1 词、短语辨析
（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词和介词）
形容词
1．Only five years after Steve Jobs' death, smart­phones defeated ________PCs in sales.
A．controversial B．contradictory
C．confidential D．conventional
2． The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But ________explanations are hard to find.
A．alternative B．aggressive
C．ambiguous D．apparent
A 考查形容词辨析。

alternative“可供选择的”，符合句意。

aggressive好斗的，有进取心的；ambiguous模糊不清的；apparent显然的。

句意：恐龙的消失并不一定是由天文事件引起的。

但是很难找到可供选择的解释。

4．—I want to see Mr White. We have an appointment.
—I'm sorry, but he is not ________ at the moment, for the meeting hasn't ended.
A．busy B．active
C．concerned D．available
D 考查形容词。

根据回答“…for the meeting hasn't ended.”可知怀特先生现在没空，故选D 项。

available可表示“(人)有空的”。

busy忙碌的；active活跃的；concerned担忧的。

句意：“我想见怀特先生。

我们有一个约定。

”“很抱歉，此刻他没空，因为会议还没有结束。

”
连词与介词
5．—Peter, please send us postcards ________ we'll know where you have visited.
—No problem.
A．but B．or
C．for D．so
D 考查连词。

so (that) 意为“为了……，以便……”，由句意可知答案选 D。

句意：“彼得，
请发给我们明信片以便我们能知道你参观过的地方。

”“没问题。

”
6． Many people who live along the coast make a living ________ fishing industry.
A．at B．in C．on D．by
B 考查介词。

根据句意可知此处表示“在……产业里”，故用介词in。

句意：许多住在海边的人以捕鱼业为生。

7． Determining where we are ________our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.
A．in contrast to B．in defense of
C．in face of D．in relation to
8． When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be ________ trees that are over 1，000 years old.
A．among B． against
C．behind D．below
A 考查介词。

根据“…trees that are over 1，000 years old.”可知是置身于这些树木之中，应选A项。

among在……当中；against以……为背景，衬托；behind在……后面；below在……下面。

句意：当你驾车穿过加利福尼亚的红杉森林时，你会置身在那些树龄超过1 000年的树林中。

9． We offer an excellent education to our students. ________， we expect students to work hard.
A．On average B．At best
C．In return D．After all
C 考查介词短语。

根据句意可知这是两方面的事情，因此选C项。

in return反过来，作为回报；on average平均来看；at best充其量，至多；after all毕竟，终究。

句意：我们向学生提供优质的教育，同时也希望学生努力学习。

动词
10． A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help ________your
year ahead.
A．shape B．switch
C．stretch D．sharpen
A 考查动词辨析。

根据题意可知此处表示“规划你的来年”，故shape“塑造，规划”，符合句意。

switch转换；stretch伸展；sharpen提高，改善。

句意：在年底快速回顾你的成功和失败有助于规划你的来年。

动词短语
11． Working with the medical team in Africa has ________ the best in her as a doctor.
A．held out B．brought out
C．picked out D．given out
12．A8 Mr and Mrs Brown would like to see their daughter ________， get married, and have kids.
A．settle down B．keep off
C．get up D．cut in
A 考查动词短语。

根据“…get married, and have kids.”可知是安顿下来，然后结婚生子。

settle down安顿下来，定居；keep off使避开，不接近；get up起床，站起来；cut in插嘴，打断别人说话。

句意：布朗夫妇希望看到女儿安顿下来，结婚生子。

13. Fred let ________ that he was prepared to leave company when the new manager took office.
A. secret
B. slip
C. promise
D. standard
【答案】B
【解析】考查短语搭配。

let slip意为偶然说出，偶然泄露（秘密）等，后面常跟that从句说明偶然泄露的内容，其他选项均不能与let搭配。

故选B。

14. — How much do you charge for the iPhone?
—Well, it cost me $ 400,but I’ll ________ 20% as it’s no longer new.
A. reduce to
B. decrease to
C. knock off
D. cut off
【答案】C
【解析】考查短语辨析。

A. reduce to减少至；B. decrease to 降低至；C. knock off减少；D. cut off切断，剪下。

题意为"因为手机不是新的，所以价格减少20％"。

故选C。

15. — What about the protection of these new machines?
—Let’s keep the surface ________ dust by putting a cover over them.
A. far from
B. apart from
C. free from
D. away from
【答案】C
16. — What do you t hink of the professor’s speech?
— I was listening carefully but I could not ________ everything he said. He spoke too many local idioms.
A. take on
B. take in
C. take up
D. take over
【答案】B
【解析】考查短语辨析。

A. take on承担，呈现；B. take in理解，接受；C. take up拿起，从事； D. take over接任，接管。

根据句意“我很认真地听，但我一点也不理解他说的话。

他说了太多的当地俗语了”可知， B选项合适。

故选B。

17. It is widely acknowledged in foreign companies that employees should be ________ in terms of innovation capability.
A. examined
B. evolved
C. evaluated
D. encouraged
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。

A. examined测试；B. evolved进化，发展； C. evaluated评估，评价；
D. encouraged鼓励。

根据句意“在外企，众所周知，应从创新能力这一方面来评估员工”。

故选C。

18. — David is a green hand at such things.
—But I believe he is quite ________ to the task.
A. relevant
B. accessible
C. equal
D. unique
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

四个选项与be··to搭配后的意思分别为A. relevant与··相关；B. accessible易受影响的；C. equal与··相等；等于 D. unique 只有··才有。

根据题意“但是我相信他能胜任这项任务”可知，C项合适。

故选C。

19. —It really annoys me when one’s smart phone goes off during a meeting!
— Yeah, me too. It really ________.
A. beats my brains out
B. pulls my leg
C. gets on my nerves
D. hangs in here
【答案】C
20.
We’d better discuss everything ___________ before we work out the plan.
A. in detail
B. in general
C. on purpose
D. in time
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。

句意：在我们制定计划之前，我们最好详细地讨论每件事。

in detail 详细地；in general通常，大体上；on purpose故意地；on time准时，按时。

故选A。

21.
Whether the buildings in this area should be pulled down has remained _______; people are still looking for other possible solutions.
A. unchallenged
B. relevant
C. contradictory
D. controversial
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析：A未受到挑战的；不成问题的；未引起争论的；无异议的；B有关的，中肯的；相关联的；确切的；有重大意义的；D adj.矛盾的；反驳的；抗辩的；句义：这个地区的建筑物是
否要被拆毁事关重大，人们仍然在寻找其他可能的解决方法。

根据句义说明本句的relevant表示有重大意义的。

故B正确。

考点：考察形容词词义辨析
22.
Under good treatment, many patients are beginning to ________ and will soon recover. A. turn up B. catch up
C. pick up
D. show up
【答案】C
23.
No matter how carefully you plan your finances, no one can _______ when the unexpected will happen.
A. prove
B. imply
C. demand
D. predict
【答案】D
【解析】动词prove证明，结果是…；imply涉及…；demand要求，命令；predict预测；预见；句意：无论你多么详细地计划你的经济，没有人能够预测那些无法预料的事情何时回发生。

根据but 说明上下文之间是转折关系，虽然你做了详细的计划，但是意料之外的事情是无法预料的。

根据句意说明D正确。

24.
Tom is so creative a person that he always has lots of _________ ideas in his mind, and sometimes we don’t even know what he is thinking about.
A. mean
B. novel
C. slim
D. instant
【答案】B
【解析】句意：汤姆是那样一个有创造力的人，以致他头脑中总是有很多新奇的想法；有时我们甚至不知道他在想什么。

mean卑鄙的；novel新奇的；slim苗条的；instant立即的。

故选B。

25.
The foreigners here are greatly impressed by the face that _______ people from all walks of life are working hard for ________ new Tianjin.
A. /; a
B. /; the
C. a; a
D. the; the
【答案】A。