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传播学专业英语-单词整理

传播学专业英语-单词整理

第⼀部分：基本传播学理论词汇媒介事件 Media Events民族志 Ethnography传播⽣态 Ecology of Communication真实/虚构 Reality/Fiction拟态环境 Pseudo-Environment刻板成见 Stereotyping晕轮效应 Halo Effects⼆元价值评判 Two-Valued Evaluation公共关系 Public Relation阐释理论 Interpretive Theory⾮语⾔符号 Nonverbal Sign⾮语⾔传播 Nonverbal Communication 意指 Signification话语理论 Theories of Discourse⽂化期待 Culture Expectations⽂化批判 Culture Criticizing范式 Paradigm叙事范式 Narrative Paradigm强语境 High Context弱语境 Low Context功能理论 Functionalism话语分析 Discourse Analysis传播的商品形式 the Commodity Forms of Communication受众商品 Audience Commodity商品化 Commodification空间化 Spatialization结构化 Structuration媒介集中化 Media Conglomeration传媒产业 Media Industry注意⼒经济 Attention Economy媒介竞争 Media Competition受众分割 Audience Segmentation媒介资本 Media Capital传播政治经济学 Political Economy of Communication传播研究 Communication Research抽样 Sampling 调查研究⽅法 Survey Research内容分析法 Content Analysis实验分析法 Experimental Research定性研究法 Qualitative Research Methods个案研究法 Case Study效度与信度 Validity/Reliability变量 Variables实地观察法 Field Observation虚拟社群 Virtual Community扩散研究 Diffusion Research传播 Communication内向/⾃我传播 Intrapersonal Communication ⼈际传播 Interpersonal Communication群体传播 Group Communication组织传播 Organization Communication⼤众传播 Mass Communication单向传播 One-Sided Communication双向传播 Two-Sided Communication互动传播 Interactive Communication媒介 Media⼤众传播媒介 Mass Media新媒介 New Media新闻洞 News Hold新闻价值 News Value传播者 Communicator主动传播者 Active Communicator受传者/受众/阅听⼤众 Audience受众兴坤 Audience Interest受众⾏为 Audience Activity信息 Information信号 Signal讯息 Message信息熵 Entropy冗余/冗余信息 Redundancy传播单位 Communication Unit奥斯古德模式 Osgood Model编码 Encoding解码 Decoding信源 Source传播的数学理论 Mathematical Theory of Communication传播渠道 Communication Channel有效传播 Effective Communication传播效果 Effects知识沟 Knowledge-Gap使⽤与满⾜模式 Uses and Gratifications Model 使⽤与依从模式 Uses and Dependencys Model ⼜传系统 System of Oral Communication地球村 Global Village内爆 Implosion全球化 Globalization本⼟化 Localization电⼦空间 Cyber Space数字化 Digitalization⽂化帝国主义 Culture Imperialism跨⽂化传播 Intercultural Communication守门⼈ Gatekeeper新闻采集者 News Gatherers新闻加⼯者 News Processors模式 Model有线效果模式 Limited Effects Model适度效果模式 Moderate Effects Model强⼤效果模式 Powerful Effects Model⼦弹论 Bullet Theory两级传播模式 Two-Step Flow Model多级传播模式 Multi-Step Flow Model沉默的螺旋模式 Spiral of Silence Model劝服传播 Persuasive Communication议程设置模式 the Agenda-Setting Model时滞 Time Lag最合适效果跨度 Optimal Effects Pan时间跨度 Time Span公众舆论 Public Opinion选择性接触 Selective Exposure选择性注意 Selective Attention选择性理解 Selective Perception选择性记忆 Selective Retention可信性提⽰ Credibility Heuristic喜爱提⽰ Liking Heuristic 共识提⽰ Consensus Heuristic市场驱动新闻学 the Market-Driven Journalism 意识形态 Ideology霸权 Hegemony权⼒话语 Power Discourse视觉⽂本 Visual Text⽂本 Text超级⽂本 Hypertext结构主义 Constructionism解构主义 Deconstructionism⽂化⼯业 Culture Industry⼤众⽂化 Mass Culture⽂化研究 Cultural Studies批判学派/批判理论 Critical Theory法兰克福学派 Frankfurt School⼥权主义/⼥性主义 Feminism符号学 Semiotics/Semiology符号 Sign能指与所指 Signified/SignifierFourth Estate 第四等级(新闻界的别称) freedom of the Press 新闻⾃由free-lancer n．⾃由撰稿⼈full position 醒⽬位置Good news comes on crutches. 好事不出门。

管理学常用英文单词-含音标

管理学常用英文单词-含音标

管理学常用词汇A 11access discrimination ['æksɛs] [dɪ,skrɪmɪ'neʃən]进入歧视action research ['ækʃən] ['risɝtʃ] 动作研究；行为研究adjourning [ə'dʒɝnɪŋ] 解散期；解散阶段；中止阶段adhocracy [æd'hɔkrəsi] 无固定结构的管理方式或组织；临时委员会组织；administrative principle [əd'mɪnɪstretɪv] ['prɪnsəpl] 管理原则advanced negotiation[əd'vænst] [nɪ,ɡoʃɪ'eʃən]高级谈判alignment[ə'laɪnmənt] 结盟artifacts ['a:rtifækts]人工环境artificial intelligence [,ɑrtɪ'fɪʃl] [ɪn'tɛlɪdʒəns] 人工智能、巧匠avoiding learning [ə'vɔɪdɪŋ] ['lɜːnɪŋ]规避性学习ambidextrous approach [,æmbɪ'dekstrəs] [ə'prɔtʃ]双管齐下策略B 9balance sheet ['bæləns] [ʃit]资产负债表bias['baɪəs] 偏见BCG matrix（ BCG:Boston Consulting Group['bɔstən] [kən'sʌltɪŋ] [gru ːp]） ['metrɪks] 波士顿矩阵，波士顿咨询集团矩阵bona fide occupation qualifications [,bəunə'faidi] [,ɑkju'peʃən] [,kw ɑləfə'keʃən] 善意职业资格审查bounded rationality ['baʊndɪd] [,ræʃən'æləti]有限理性bounded rationality perspective ['baʊndɪd] [,ræʃən'æləti] [pə'spekt ɪv]有限理性方法bureaucracy [bjʊ'rɑkrəsi]官僚机构benchmarking ['bentʃ,mɑ:kiŋ] 标杆管理；标记；确定基准点boundary-spanning roles ['baʊndri] ['spæniŋ] [rolz] 跨超边界作用C 42capturing value through pricing['kæptʃɚrɪŋ] ['vælju] [θru] ['praɪsɪŋ] 通过定价获取价值change agent [tʃendʒ] ['edʒənt] 变革推动者，促变者challenge ['tʃælɪndʒ]挑战chaos theory ['keɑs] ['θiəri] 混沌理论charismatic leaders [,kærɪz'mætɪk] ['lidɚz]魅力型领导者charity principle ['tʃærəti] ['prɪnsəpl] 博爱原则closing bell['klozɪŋ] [bɛl]收盘corporate social responsibility ['kɔrpərət] ['soʃl] [rɪ,spɑnsə'bɪləti]企业的社会责任competitive strategy[kəm'pɛtətɪv] ['strætədʒi]竞争战略；竞争策略confrontation [,kɑnfrənfrʌn'teʃən] 对话, 对抗；面对；对质confrontation meeting [,kɑnfrən'teʃən] ['mitɪŋ] 碰头会consortia [kən'sɔ:tɪə] 企业联合、联盟、合作coercive power [kəʊ'ɜːsɪv] ['paʊə] 强制权，强制力cohesiveness [ko'hisɪvnɪs] 凝聚力collaborative management [kə'læbəretɪv] ['mænɪdʒmənt]合作型管理comparable worth ['kɑmpərəbl] [wɝθ]可比价值；同值同酬competitive benchmarking [kəm'petɪtɪv] ['bentʃ,mɑ:kiŋ]竞争性基准competitive strategy[kəm'pɛtətɪv] ['strætədʒi]竞争策略constancy of purpose ['kɑnstənsi] [əv] ['pɜːpəs] 永久性目标contingency approach [kən'tɪndʒənsi] [ə'protʃ] 权变理论；权变方法；随机应变法corporate governance['kɔrpərət] ['gʌvɚnəns]企业管治corporate social performance ['kɔrpərət] ['səʊʃ(ə)l] [pə'fɔːm(ə)ns]企业社会绩效；公司社会表现corporate social responsibility ['kɔrpərət] ['səʊʃ(ə)l] [rɪ,spɑnsə'bɪləti]公司社会责任corporate social responsiveness ['kɔrpərət] ['səʊʃ(ə)l] [rɪ'spɑnsɪvnɪs]公司社会反应critical incident ['krɪtɪkl] ['ɪnsɪdənt] 危机事故；关键事件current assets ['kʌr(ə)nt] ['æset s] 流动资产current liabilities ['kʌr(ə)nt] [,laɪə'bɪləti]流动负债; 经常性贷款culture strength ['kʌltʃə] [streŋθ]文化强度; 文化力creative department [krɪ'etɪv] [dɪ'pɑrtmənt] 创造性部门creation of value[krɪ'eʃən] [əv] ['vælju]价值创造craft technology [kræft] [tɛk'nɑlədʒi]工艺技术、技艺性技术contextual dimension [kən'tɛkstʃuəl] [daɪ'mɛnʃən]关联性维度continuous process production [kən'tɪnjʊəs] ['prɑsɛs] [prə'dʌkʃən]连续加工生产collectivity stage [,kɑlɛk'tɪvəti] [stedʒ] 集体化阶段clan control [klæn] [kən'trol] 小团体控制clan culture [klæn] ['kʌltʃɚ] 小团体文化coalition [,koə'lɪʃən] 联合；结合，合并；联合团体collaborative [kə'læbəretɪv] 协作网络centrality [sɛn'træləti] 中心；中央；向心性；集中性centralization [,sɛntrəlɪ'zeʃən]集权化；中央集权管理charismatic authority [,kærɪz'mætɪk] [ə'θɔrəti] 魅力型权威、竭尽忠诚的权力customer insight['kʌstəmɚ] ['ɪn'saɪt]消费者洞察力；客户需求D 18decentralization [dɪ'sɛntrəlaɪ'zeʃən]分权；非集权化decision premise [dɪ'sɪʒn] ['premɪs]决策前提democracy management [də'mɑkrəsi] ['mænɪdʒmənt] 民主管理departmentalization [di:pɑ:t,mentəlai'zeiʃən]部门化; 部门划分designing effective organization[dɪ'zaɪnɪŋ] [ɪ'fɛktɪv] [,ɔrɡənə'zeʃən]设计有效的组织development structure[dɪ'vɛləpmənt] ['strʌktʃɚ]发展结构dialectical inquiry methods [,daɪə'lɛktɪkl] ['ɪŋkwaɪri] ['mɛθədz]辩证探求法differentiation strategy [,dɪfərenʃɪ'eɪʃn] ['strætədʒi] 差别化战略；差异化竞争战略differential rate system ['dɪfə'rɛnʃəl] [ret] ['sɪstəm] 差别报酬系统direct interlock [də'rɛkt] ['ɪntɚlɑk] 直接交叉divisional form [də'vɪʒənl] [fɔrm] 事业部模式division of labor [də'vɪʒən] [əv] ['lebɚ] 劳动(力)分工downward mobility ['daʊnwɚd] [mo'bɪləti] 降职流动、社会地位的下降dynamic engagement [daɪ'næmɪk] [ɪn'ɡedʒmənt]动态融合dynamic network [daɪ'næmɪk] ['nɛtwɝk] 动态网络domain [do'men] 领域；；域名；产业；地产dual-core approach ['dʊəl] [kɔr] [ə'protʃ] 二元核心模式dynamics of synergy[daɪ'næmɪks] [əv] ['sɪnɚdʒi]协力优势E 28effective decision making[ɪ'fɛktɪv] [dɪ'sɪʒn] ['mekɪŋ]有效决策制定effective leadership[ɪ'fɛktɪv] ['lidɚʃɪp]有效领导effective conflict resolution[ɪ'fɛktɪv] ['kɑnflɪkt] [rezə'luːʃ(ə)n]高效冲突管理electronic data-processing(EDP) [ɪ,lɛk'trɑnɪk] ['detə] ['prɑsɛsɪŋ]]电子数据处理employee-oriented style [ɪm'plɔɪi] ['orɪɛntɪd] [staɪl] 员工导向型风格empowerment [ɪm'paʊɚmənt] 许可，授权encoding [ɪn'kodɪŋ] 解码; 编码end-user computing ['end,ju:zə] [kəm'pjʊtɪŋ]终端用户计算系统enter ['ɛntɚ]进入；参加enterprise ['ɛntɚ,praɪz]企业entrepreneurship [,ɑntrəprə'nɝʃɪp] 企业家精神equity ['ɛkwəti]平等；相等equity theory ['ɛkwəti] ['θiəri] 公平理论espoused value [ɪ'spaʊzid] ['vælju]信仰价值ethics['eθɪks] 伦理学；伦理观；道德标准ethnocentric manager [,ɛθno'sɛntrɪk] ['mænɪdʒɚ] 种族主义的管理者expectancy theory [ɪk'spɛktənsi] ['θiəri] 期望理论expense budget [ɪk'spɛns] ['bʌdʒɪt] 费用预算;支出预算expense center [ɪk'spɛns] ['sɛntɚ]费用中心external audit [ɪk'stɝnl] ['ɔdɪt] 外部审计; 独立审计external stakeholders [ɪk'stɝnl] ['stekholdɚ] 外部利益相关者extreme circumstances[ɪk'strim] ['sɝkəmstæns iz]极端情况extrinsic rewards [ɛks'trɪnsɪk] [rɪ'wɔrdz] 外部奖励；外部报酬ethic ombudsperson ['ɛθɪk] [,ɔmbudz'pɝsn] 伦理巡视官external adaption [ɪk'stɝnl] [ə'dæpʃən] 外部适应性elaboration stage [ɪ,læbə'reʃən] [stedʒ] 精细阶段entrepreneurial stage [,ɑntrəprə'njʊrɪəl] [stedʒ] 创业阶段escalating commitment ['ɛskəletɪŋ] [kə'mɪtmənt] 顽固认同F 14family group ['fæməli] [gruːp] 家族集团;家族企业financing growth[fɪ'nænsɪŋ] [ɡroθ]财务增长financial management [faɪ'nænʃl] ['mænɪdʒmənt] 财务管理；金融管理financial statement [faɪ'nænʃl] ['stetmənt] 财务报表flat hierarchies [flæt] ['haɪə,rɑrkiz] 扁平型结构flexible budget ['flɛksəbl] ['bʌdʒɪt] 弹性预算force-field theory [fɔrs] [fild] ['θiəri] 场力理论formal authority ['fɔrml] [ə'θɔrəti] 正式授权;正式权限;合法权力formal systematic appraisal ['fɔrml] ['sɪstə'mætɪk] [ə'prezl] 正式的系统评估franchise ['fræntʃaɪz] 特许经营权formalization stage [,fɔməlɪ'zeʃən] [stedʒ] 规范化阶段functional grouping ['fʌŋkʃənl] ['ɡrupɪŋ] 职能组合formal channel of communication ['fɔrml] ['tʃænl] [əv] [kə,mjunɪ'keʃən] 正式沟通渠道fundamentals [,fʌndə'mɛntl] 基本面；基本原理G 16game theory [geɪm] ['θiəri] 博弈论general financial condition ['dʒɛnrəl] [faɪ'nænʃl] [kən'dɪʃən] 一般财务状况geocentric manager [,dʒio'sɛntrɪk] ['mænɪdʒɚ] 全球化管理者geographic and cultural boundaries[,dʒiə'ɡræfɪk] [ənd] ['kʌltʃərəl] ['baʊndri]地理和文化界限global brand['ɡlobl] [brænd]全球品牌global enterprise['ɡlobl] ['ɛntɚ'praɪz]全球化企业global market ['ɡlobl] ['mɑrkɪt]全球市场；国际市场globalization [,ɡləubəlai'zeiʃən] 全球化gossip chain ['ɡɑsɪp] [tʃen] 传言链grapevine ['ɡrepvaɪn] 小道消息；秘密情报网;传言网global strategic partnership ['ɡlobl] [strə'tidʒɪk] ['pɑrtnɚʃɪp] 全球战略伙伴关系general environment ['dʒɛnrəl] [ɪn'vaɪrənmənt] 一般环境；总体环境generalist ['dʒɛnrəlɪst] 通才；多面手;全面战略geographic grouping [,dʒiə'ɡræfɪk] ['ɡrupɪŋ] 区域组合global company ['ɡlobl] ['kʌmpəni] 跨国公司;全球公司global geographic structure ['ɡlobl] [,dʒiə'ɡræfɪk] ['strʌktʃɚ]全球区域结构H 11Hawthorne effect [hɔθən] [ɪ'fɛkt] 霍桑效应heuristic principles [hjʊ'rɪstɪk] ['prɪnsəpl] 启发性原理hierarchy ['haɪərɑrki] 科层制度high ambition[haɪ] [æm'bɪʃən]更高志向、雄心壮志high commitment[haɪ] [kə'mɪtmənt]高承诺high performance[haɪ] [pɚ'fɔrməns]高效能hiring specification ['haiəriŋ] ['spɛsəfə'keʃən] 招聘细则horizontal linkage model ['hɔrə'zɑntl] ['lɪŋkɪdʒ] ['mɑdl] 横向联系模型hybrid structure ['haɪbrɪd] ['strʌktʃɚ] 混合结构high-velocity environments [haɪ] [və'lɑsəti] [ɪn'vaɪrənmənts] 高速环境human resources['hjumən] [ri'zɔ:siz]人力资源I 23impoverished management [ɪm'pɑvərɪʃt] ['mænɪdʒmənt] 放任式管理 I income statement ['ɪnkʌm] ['stetmənt] 损益表information transformation ['ɪnfɚ'meʃən] [,trænsfɚ'meʃən] 信息转换infrastructure ['ɪnfrə'strʌktʃɚ] 基础设施integrative process ['ɪntɪɡretiv] ['prɑsɛs] 整合过程intelligent enterprises [ɪn'tɛlɪdʒənt] ['ɛntɚ,praɪz]智能企业；智慧型企业internal audit [ɪn'tɝnl] ['ɔdɪt] 内部审计internal stakeholder [ɪn'tɝnl] ['stekholdɚ] 内部相关者internship ['ɪntɝnʃɪp]实习intrapreneurship [,ɪntrəprɛ'nɝʃɪp]内部企业家精神intrinsic reward [ɪn'trɪnsɪk] [rɪ'wɔrd]内在报酬; 内在奖励inventory ['ɪnvəntɔri] 库存, 存货internal integration [ɪn'tɝnl] ['ɪntə'greʃən] 内部整合interorganization relationship [,ɪntɚ'ɔrɡənə'zeʃən l [rɪ'leʃən'ʃɪp] 组织间的关系intergroup conflict ['ɪntɚ'grʊp] ['kɑnflɪkt] 团体间冲突intergroup dynamics ['ɪntɚ'grʊp] [daɪ'næmɪks] 组间动力interlocking directorate [,intə'lɔkiŋ] [də'rɛktərət] 交叉董事会institutional perspective [,ɪnstɪ'tuʃənl] [pɚ'spɛktɪv] 制度视角;机构的观点intuitive decision making [ɪn'tuɪtɪv] [dɪ'sɪʒn] ['mekɪŋ]直觉决策idea champion [aɪ'diə] ['tʃæmpɪən] 构思倡导者incremental change [ɪnkrə'məntl] [tʃendʒ] 渐进式变革; 递增量informal organizational structure [ɪn'fɔrml] [,ɔɡənɪ'zeʃənəl] ['strʌkt ʃɚ]非正式组织结构informal performance appraisal [ɪn'fɔrml] [pɚ'fɔrməns] [ə'prezl]非正式业绩评价J 6job description [dʒɒb] [dɪ'skrɪpʃən]工作说明；职务描述job design[dʒɒb] [dɪ'zaɪn] 工作设计，职务设计job enlargement [dʒɒb] [ɪn'lɑrdʒmənt] 职务扩大化job enrichment [dʒɒb] [ɪn'rɪtʃmənt] 职务丰富化job rotation [dʒɒb] [ro'teʃən] 职务轮换job specialization [dʒɒb] [,spɛʃəlɪ'zeʃən]职务专业化K 2key performance areas [kiː] [pɚ'fɔrməns] ['ɛrɪəz]关键业务区key result areas [kiː] [rɪ'zʌlt] ['ɛrɪəz]关键绩效区L 18labor productivity index ['lebɚ] [,prodʌk'tɪvəti] ['ɪndɛks] 劳动生产力指数laissez management [lei'sei'] ['mænɪdʒmənt]自由化管理large batch production [lɑrdʒ] [bætʃ] [prə'dʌkʃən]大批量生产lateral communication ['lætərəl] [kə,mjunɪ'keʃən] 横向沟通leadership decision ['lidɚʃɪp] [dɪ'sɪʒn]领导决策leadership style ['lidɚʃɪp] [staɪl] 领导风格leadership in teams ['lidɚʃɪp] [ɪn] [timz]团队管理；团队领导力leading a turnaround['lidɪŋ] ['tɝnəraʊnd] 领导转变；管理转变least preferred co-worker(LPC) [list] [prɪ'fɝd] [,kəu'wə:kə] 最不喜欢的同事legitimate power [lɪ'dʒɪtɪmət] ['paʊɚ]合法权力liability ['laɪə'bɪləti] 债务；负债liaison [lɪ'ezɑn] 联络者line authority [laɪn] [ə'θɔrəti] 直线职权liquidity [lɪ'kwɪdəti] 流动性liaison role [lɪ'ezɑn] [rol] 联络员角色long-linked technology [lɔŋ] ['lɪŋkt] technology 纵向关联技术losses from conflict [lɔsiz] [frɒm] ['kɑnflɪkt]冲突带来的损失low-cost leadership [ləʊ] [kɔst] ['lidɚʃɪp] 低成本领先M 21management by objective ['mænidʒmənt] [baɪ] [əb'dʒɛktɪv]目标管理Managerial Grid [,mænə'dʒɪrɪəl] [ɡrɪd] 管理方格matrix bosses ['metrɪks] [bɔsiz] 矩阵主管management champion ['mænɪdʒmənt] ['tʃæmpɪən] 管理倡导者materials-requirements planning(MRP) [mə'tiəriəlz] [ri'kwaiəmənts] ['plænɪŋ]物料需求计划Maslow’s hierarchy of needs ['mæzləu] ['haɪərɑrki] [əv] [nid] 马斯洛需求层次论marketing argument ['mɑrkɪtɪŋ] ['ɑrɡjumənt] 管理文化多元化营销观market segmentation['mɑrkɪt][,sɛɡmɛn'teʃən]市场划分；市场细分multiculturalism [,mʌltɪ'kʌltʃərəlɪzm] 文化多元主义multi-divisional firm ['mʌlti] [də'vɪʒənl] [fɝm] 多部门公司moral rules ['mɔrəl] [rulz]道德准则management by walking around(MBWA) ['mænɪdʒmənt] [baɪ] ['wɔkɪŋ] [ə'raʊnd]走动式管理matrix structure ['metrɪks] ['strʌktʃɚ]矩阵结构multinational enterprise(MNE) [,mʌltɪ'næʃnəl] ['ɛntɚ'praɪz]跨国公司moral relativism ['mɔrəl] ['rɛlətɪvɪzəm] 道德相对主义mechanistic system [,mɛkə'nɪstɪk] ['sɪstəm] 机械式组织middle-of-the-road management ['mɪdl] [əv] [ðə] [rod] ['mænɪdʒmənt]中庸式管理meso theory ['mɛso] ['θiəri] 常态理论multi-domestic strategy ['mʌlti] [də'mɛstɪk] ['strætədʒi] 多国化战略mediating technology ['miːdɪeɪtɪŋ] [tɛk'nɑlədʒi] 调停技术motivation[,motə'veʃən] 动机；积极性；推动N 9naïve relativism [naɪ'iv] ['rɛlətɪvɪzəm] 朴素相对主义need-achievement [nid] [ə'tʃivmənt] 成就需要net asset [nɛt] ['æsɛt]净资产norming ['nɔ:miŋ] 规范化norms [nɔ:ms] 规范non-programmed decisions [nɑn 'proɡrəmd] [dɪ'sɪʒnz]非程序化决策non-substitutability [nɑn,səbstə,tjutə'biləti]非替代性non-routine technology [nɑn rʊ'tin] [tɛk'nɑlədʒi] 非例行技术niche [nitʃ] 领地; 壁龛；合适的职业;小众O 14off-the-job training ['ɔfðə'dʒɔb ] ['trenɪŋ ] 脱产培训on-the-job training ['ɑnðə'dʒɔb ] ['trenɪŋ ] 在职培训operation[,ɑpə'reʃən]运营operational budget ['ɑpə'reʃənl] ['bʌdʒɪt] 运营预算order backlog ['ɔrdɚ] ['bæklɔɡ] 订单储备organic system [ɔr'gænɪk] ['sɪstəm] 有机系统organizational development(OD) [,ɔɡənɪ'zeʃənəl] [dɪ'vɛləpmənt]组织发展organizational hierarchies [,ɔɡənɪ'zeʃənəl] ['haɪə,rɑrki] 组织层级；组织架构organizing for innovation['ɔrgə,naɪz ɪŋ] [fɔː] [,ɪnə'veʃən]组织创新orientation [orɪɛn'teʃən] 定位outcome interdependence ['aʊt'kʌm] [,ɪntɚdɪ'pɛndəns]结果的相互依赖性outplacement services ['aʊtplesmənt] ['sə:visis] 外延服务overconfidence['ovɚ'kɑnfɪdəns] 过分相信；自负organization ecosystem [,ɔ:ɡənai'zeiʃən] ['ɛko,sɪstəm] 组织生态系统P 27paradox of authority ['pærədɑks] [əv] [ə'θɔrəti]权威的矛盾paradox of creativity ['pærədɑks] [əv] [,krie'tɪvəti] 创造力的矛盾paradox of disclosure ['pærədɑks] [əv] [dɪs'kloʒɚ] 开放的矛盾paradox of identify ['pærədɑks] [əv], [aɪ'dɛntɪfaɪ] 身份的矛盾paradox of individuality ['pærədɑks] [əv] [,ɪndɪ,vɪdʒu'æləti] 个性的矛盾paradox of regression ['pærədɑks] [əv] [rɪ'ɡrɛʃən] 回归的矛盾partial productivity ['pɑrʃəl] [,prodʌk'tɪvəti] 部分生产率participative management [pɑ:'tisipə,tiv] ['mænɪdʒmənt] 参与式管理path-goal model [pæθ] [ɡol] ['mɑdl] 路径目标模型peer recruiter [pɪr] [rɪ'krʊtɚ] 同级招聘political action committees(PACs) [pə'lɪtɪkl] ['ækʃən] [kə'mitiz]政治活动委员会polycentric manager [pɑlɪ'sɛntrɪk] ['mænɪdʒɚ]多中心管理者portfolio framework [pɔrt'folɪo] ['fremwɝk] 业务组合框架portfolio investment [pɔrt'folɪo] [ɪn'vɛstmənt] 资产组合投资positive reinforcement ['pɑzətɪv] [,riɪn'fɔrsmənt] 正强化production flexibility [prə'dʌkʃən] [,flɛksə'bɪləti] 生产柔性profitability [,prɑfɪtə'bɪləti] 收益率; 赢利能力；利益率programmed decisions ['proɡr æ md] [dɪ'sɪʒən]程序化决策psychoanalytic view ['saɪko,ænl'ɪtɪk] [vju]精神分析法paradigm ['pærə'daɪm] 范式; 典范personal ratios ['pɝsənl] ['reʃoz]人员比例pooled dependence [puld] [dɪ'pɛndəns]集合性依存professional bureaucracy [prə'feʃənəl] [bjʊ'rɑkrəsi]专业官僚机构problem identification ['prɑbləm] [aɪ'dɛntəfə'keʃən]问题识别problemistic search ['prɔbləmistik] [sɝtʃ]问题搜寻population ecology model [,pɔpju'leiʃən] [ɪ'kɑlədʒi] ['mɑdl]种群生态模型public financing['pʌblɪk] [fɪ'nænsɪŋ]公共融资Q 4quality ['kwɑləti]质量quality circle ['kwɑləti] ['sɝkl] 质量圈question mark ['kwɛstʃən] [mɑːk] 问题类市场quid pro quo ['kwidprəu'kwəu] 交换物; 补偿物；相等物；交换条件；让步条件R 11rational approach ['ræʃnəl] [ə'protʃ] 理性方法rational model ['ræʃnəl] ['mɑdl] 理性模型rational-legal authority ['ræʃnəl] ['ligl] [ə'θɔrəti]理性—合法权威rational model of decision making ['ræʃnəl] ['mɑdl] [əv] [dɪ'sɪʒn] ['mek ɪŋ]理性决策模式realistic job preview(RJP) [,riə'lɪstɪk] [dʒɒb] ['pri'vjʊ]实际工作预览; 述评;reciprocal interdependence [rɪ'sɪprəkl] [,ɪntɚdɪ'pɛndəns] 相互依存性resource dependence ['risɔrs] [dɪ'pɛndəns] 资源依赖理论retention [rɪ'tɛnʃən] 保留reward system[rɪ'wɔrd] ['sɪstəm]薪酬体系routine technology [rʊ'tin] [tɛk'nɑlədʒi] 例行技术rules [rulz] 规则；条例S 39semivariable cost [,sɛmaɪ'vɛərɪəbl] [kɔst] 准可变成本sense of potency [sɛns] [əv] ['potnsi]力量感sensitivity training ['sɛnsə'tɪvəti] ['trenɪŋ]敏感性训练sexual harassment ['sɛʃʊəl] [hə'ræsmənt] 性骚扰short-run capacity changes ['ʃɔ:t'rʌn] [kə'pæsəti] [tʃendʒ] 短期生产能力变化single-strand chain ['sɪŋɡl] [strænd] [tʃen] 单向传言链situational approach [sɪtʃʊ'eʃənəl] [ə'protʃ] 情境方法situational force [sɪtʃʊ'eʃənəl] [fɔrs] 情境力量; 情境压力situational leadership theory [sɪtʃʊ'eʃənəl] ['lidɚʃɪp] ['θiəri] 情境领导理论sliding-scale budget ['slaɪdɪŋ] [skel] ['bʌdʒɪt] 移动规模预算small-batch production [smɔl] [bætʃ] [prə'dʌkʃən] 小规模生产sociotechnical approaches ['soʃiə 'tɛknɪkl] [ə'protʃiz]社会科技方法span of management [spæn] [əv] ['mænɪdʒmənt]管理幅度staff authority [stæf] [ə'θɔrəti] 参谋职权; 辅助权限standing plan ['stændɪŋ] [plæn]长设计划step budget [stɛp] ['bʌdʒɪt] 分步预算stewardship principle ['stuɚdʃɪp] ['prɪnsəpl] 管家原则stimulus ['stɪmjələs] 刺激storming ['stɔrmɪŋ] 激荡期;调整阶段strategic acquisitions[strə'tidʒɪk] [,ækwɪ'zɪʃən]战略并购strategic human resources[strə'tidʒɪk] ['hjumən] [ri'zɔ:siz]战略人力资源strategic maketing [strə'tidʒɪk] ['mɑrkɪtɪŋ]战略市场营销strategic management [strə'tidʒɪk] ['mænɪdʒmənt] 战略管理strategic partnering [strə'tidʒɪk] ['pɑrtnɚɪŋ]战略伙伴关系strategy formulation ['strætədʒi] [,fɔrmjə'leʃən] 战略制定strategy implementation ['strætədʒi] [,ɪmpləmɛn'teʃən] 战略实施strategic control [strə'tidʒɪk] [kən'trol] 战略控制strategic contingencies [strə'tidʒɪk] [kən'tɪndʒənsiz] 战略权变satisficing ['sætisfaisiŋ] 满意；满意法；满意度subsystems [sʌb 'sɪstəmz]子系统subunits [sʌb'junɪt] 子单位synergy ['sɪnɚdʒi]协同system boundary ['sɪstəm] ['baʊndri]系统边界structure dimension ['strʌktʃɚ] [daɪ'mɛnʃən] 结构性维度sequential interdependence [sɪ'kwɛnʃl] [,ɪntɚdɪ'pɛndəns]序列性依存; 相互依存self-directed team[,self di'rektid] [tim]自我管理型团队specialist ['spɛʃəlɪst] 专家；专门战略strategy and structure changes ['strætədʒi] [ənd] ['strʌktʃɚ] [tʃendʒz]战略与结构变革symptoms of structural deficiency ['sɪmptəm] [əv] ['strʌktʃərəl] [dɪ'f ɪʃənsi]结构无效的特征T 17tall hierarchies [tɔl] ['haɪə,rɑrki] 高长型科层结构task force or project team [tæsk] [fɔrs] [əv] ['prɒdʒekt] [tim] 任务小组或项目团队task independence [tæsk] [,ɪndɪ'pɛndəns]任务的内部依赖性task management [tæsk]['mænɪdʒmənt] 任务型管理task-oriented style [tæsk] ['orɪɛntɪd] [staɪl] 任务导向型管理风格team process [tim] ['prɑsɛs] 团队进程；团队合作total productivity ['totl] [,prodʌk'tɪvəti] 总生产率total quality management ['totl] ['kwɑləti] ['mænɪdʒmənt]全面质量管理trade agreement [treid] [ə'grimənt] 贸易协定；雇用合同；劳资协议training positions ['trenɪŋ] [pə'zɪʃənz]挂职培训training program ['trenɪŋ] ['proɡræm]培训程序transactional leaders [trænz'ækʃənl] ['lidɚz]交易型领导transformational leaders [,trænzfə'meʃənəl] ['lidɚz]变革型领导treatment discrimination ['tritmənt] [dɪ,skrɪmɪ'neʃən] 歧视待遇two-factory theory [tu] ['fæktri]['θiəri] 双因素理论two-boss employees [tu] [bɔs] [,ɛmplɔɪ'iz]双重主管员工technical or product champion ['tɛknɪkl] [ɔr] ['prɑdʌkt] ['tʃæmpɪən] 技术或产品的倡导者U 2unfreezing [ʌn'friz] 解冻unit production ['junɪt] [prə'dʌkʃən]单位产品V 11variation [,vɛrɪ'eʃən]变化；[生物] 变异，变种variety [və'raɪəti]变量valence ['veləns] 效价variable costs ['vɛrɪəbl] [kɔsts] 可变成本vertical communication ['vɝtɪkl] [kə,mjunɪ'keʃən] 纵向沟通vertical integration ['vɝtɪkl] ['ɪntə'greʃən] 纵向一体化vestibule training ['vɛstɪbjul] ['trenɪŋ] 仿真培训volume flexibility ['vɑljum] [,flɛksə'bɪləti] 产量的可伸缩性vertical linkage ['vɝtɪkl] ['lɪŋkɪdʒ]纵向连接venture team ['vɛntʃɚ] [tim] 风险团队value based leadership ['vælju] [best] ['lidɚʃɪp] 基于价值的领导W 7win-lose situation [wɪn] [luz] [,sɪtʃu'eʃən] 输赢情境win-win situation ['wɪn'wɪn] [,sɪtʃu'eʃən] 双赢情境workforce literacy ['wɝkfɔrs] ['lɪtərəsi]员工的读写能力work in progress [wɝk] [ɪn] ['prɑɡrɛs]在制品work flow redesign [wɝk] [flo] [,ridɪ'zaɪn] 工作流程再造成work flow automation [wɝk] [flo] [,ɔtə'meʃən]工作流程自动化whistle blowing ['wɪsl] ['bloɪŋ]揭发;举报Z 2zero-sum ['ziro'sʌm]零和；零和博弈zone of indifference(area of acceptance) [zon] [əv] [ɪn'dɪfrəns]（['ɛr ɪə] [əv] [ək'sɛptəns]）无差异区域(可接受区域)。

翻译备考必备词汇

翻译备考必备词汇

翻译备考必备词汇翻译是一项复杂而重要的任务，需要熟练掌握大量的词汇才能准确有效地进行表达。

无论是专业翻译人员还是备考者，掌握一些必备的翻译词汇是非常有助于提升翻译水平的。

本文将为大家介绍一些翻译备考必备的词汇，帮助大家更好地应对翻译考试。

一、常用词汇1. Translate（翻译）：进行词语或文字的转换，将一种语言表达转化为另一种语言表达。

2. Interpret（口译）：通过口语方式进行翻译，将一种语言口语表达转化为另一种语言口语表达。

3. Source language（源语言）：被翻译的原始语言。

4. Target language（目标语言）：翻译成的目标语言。

5. Literal translation（直译）：按词语的字面意义进行翻译。

6. Free translation（意译）：根据上下文和语境进行翻译，更注重表达的准确性和可读性。

7. Glossary（术语表）：含有特定领域词汇和翻译的词典或表格。

8. Synonym（同义词）：具有相同或相似意义的词语。

9. Antonym（反义词）：与某一词语意义相反的词语。

10. Idiom（成语）：固定搭配的词语，具有特定的意义。

二、语言学词汇1. Phonetics（音系学）：研究语音的科学学科，包括语音的产生、发音等。

2. Syntax（句法学）：研究句子结构和组织的学科。

3. Semantics（语义学）：研究词语和句子意义的学科。

4. Pragmatics（语用学）：研究语言使用及其上下文关系的学科。

5. Morphology（形态学）：研究词的内部结构和构词规律的学科。

6. Transcription（音标）：用符号标记来记录语言中各个音段的学科。

7. Dialect（方言）：地区或社群内部使用的语言变体。

8. Register（语体）：不同场合使用的语言风格。

9. Collocation（搭配）：经常在一起出现的词语搭配。

10. Loanword（借词）：从一种语言借用到另一种语言的单词。

双语单词

双语单词

《毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想概论》I双语词汇1、马克思主义中国化：adapt Marxism to Chinese conditions2、马克思列宁主义：Marxism and Leninism3、毛泽东思想：Mao Zedong Thought4、邓小平理论：Deng Xiaoping theory5、和平与发展：Peace and Development6、“三个代表”重要思想：the important Thought of "Three Represents"7、经济全球化：Economic Globalization8、代表中国先进生产力的发展要求：represent the development trend of China's advanced productive forces9、代表中国先进文化的前进方向：represent the orientation of China's advanced culture10、代表中国最广大人民的根本利益：represent the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people11、科学发展观：scientific outlook on development12、第一要义是发展：development as it’s essence13、核心是以人为本：putting people first as it’s core14、基本要求是全面协调可持续：comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development as it’s basic requirement15、根本方法是统筹兼顾：overall consideration as it’s fundamental approach16、实事求是：seeking truth from facts17、解放思想：emancipate minds18、与时俱进：keep up with the times19、理论创新：innovation in theory20、实践创新：innovation in practice21、求真务实：realistic and pragmatic22、半殖民地半封建社会：semi-colonial and semi-feudal society23、新民主主义革命：new democratic revolution24、新民主主义革命的总路线：the general line of new democratic revolution25、新民主主义的基本纲领：basic program of new democracy26、政治纲领：political program27、经济纲领：economic program28、文化纲领：cultural program29、统一战线：the united front30、武装斗争：armed struggle31、党的建设：the Party’s building32、社会主义改造：socialist transformation33、中国特色社会主义道路：the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics34、社会主义本质：essence of socialism35、解放生产力：liberate productive forces36、发展生产力：develop productive forces37、消灭剥削：eradicate exploitation38、消除两极分化：do away with polarization39、共同富裕：get rich jointly40、科学技术是第一生产力：Science and technology are the primary productive forces.41、科教兴国战略：the strategy of revitalizing China through science and education42、人才强国战略：the strategy of strengthening China with talented people43、社会主义初级阶段理论：primary stage theory of Socialism44、主要矛盾：principal contradiction45、社会主义初级阶段基本路线：basic line of the primary stage of socialism46、社会主义初级阶段基本纲领：basic program of the primary stage of socialism47、发展战略：developing strategy48、全面建设小康社会：build a moderately prosperous society in all respects49、改革开放：reform and opening up50、全面改革：overall reform51、稳定：stability52、独立自主：independence53、自力更生：self-reliance《毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想概论》Ⅱ双语词汇1、经济体制：economic system2、社会主义市场经济理论：the theory of socialist market economy3、社会主义初级阶段基本经济制度：the fundamental economic system of the socialist primary stage4、公有制经济的主体地位：the dominant position of public ownership economy5、非公有制经济：non-public ownership economy6、社会主义初级阶段分配制度：the distribution system of the socialist primary stage7、按劳分配：distribution according to work8、按生产要素分配：distribution according to production factors9、社会保障体系：social security system10、国民经济又好又快发展：sound and rapid development of the national economy11、自主创新：independent innovation12、创新型国家：innovative country13、经济增长方式：pattern of economic growth14、粗放型经济增长方式：extensive pattern of economic growth15、集约型经济增长方式：intensive pattern of economic growth16、经济发展方式：pattern of economic development17、坚持走中国特色新型工业化道路：keep to the new path of industrialization with Chinese characteristics18、工业化：industrialization19、新型工业化：new industrialization20、坚持扩大国内需求特别是消费需求：keep to boosting domestic demand, particularly consumer demand21、建设社会主义新农村：build a new socialist countryside22、“三农”问题：problems concerning agriculture，countryside and farmers23、西部大开发战略：the western development strategy24、振兴东北地区老工业基地：revitalize the old industrial base in Northeast China25、中部崛起战略：the rising of Central China strategy26、资源节约型社会：resource-conserving society27、环境友好型社会：environment-friendly society28、民主：democracy29、人民民主专政：people's democratic dictatorship30、人民代表大会制度：people's congress system31、中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度：the system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the CPC32、民族区域自治制度：the system of regional ethnic autonomy33、基层群众自治制度：the system of self-governance at the primary level of society34、依法治国：the rule of law35、社会主义法制建设：socialist legal system construction36、政治体制改革：political restructuring37、人权：human rights38、社会主义先进文化的前进方向：the orientation of the development of socialist advanced culture39、培育“四有”的社会主义公民：Cultivate the socialist citizen of having ideals，morality，knowledge and discipline.40、社会主义核心价值体系：the system of socialist core values41、马克思主义指导思想：Marxism guiding ideology42、共同理想：common ideals43、民族精神和时代精神：spirit of nation and the times44、社会主义荣辱观：Socialist outlook for honor and dishonor45、教育和科学：education and science46、和谐社会：Harmonious society47、和平统一：peaceful reunification48、一国两制：one country, two systems49、台湾同胞：Taiwan Compatriots50、台独：Taiwan Independence51、世界政治格局多极化：world multi-polarization of politics52、经济全球化：economic globalization53、和平共处五项原则：the five principles of peaceful co-existence54、新的社会阶层：emerging social strata55、尊重劳动、尊重知识、尊重人才、尊重创造：respect work, knowledge, talent and creation56、爱国统一战线：patriotic united front57、保持党同人民群众的血肉联系：maintain close ties between the Party and the people58、坚持群众路线：adhere to the mass line59、加强党的执政能力建设：strengthen the governance capability of the Party60、加强党的先进性建设：enhance the vanguard nature of the Party。

2020牛津译林版高一英语必修三第四单元知识点小结与练习(附重点单词短语+练习答案)

2020牛津译林版高一英语必修三第四单元知识点小结与练习(附重点单词短语+练习答案)

必修三unit4 Scientists who changed the world 词汇讲练一、重点单词theory n.理论deadly adj. 致命的，十足的survival n. 生存，生存者province n. 省份acquire v. 获得broad adj. 广泛的，宽阔的intend v. 想要，计划recipe n.秘诀，食谱herb n. 草药promising adj. 有希望的，有前途的redesign v.重新设计damage v./n. 损害，伤害trial n. 试验，审讯limited adj. 有限的household adj.家庭的，家用的container n. 集装箱，容器postpone v. 延迟sufficient adj.足够的data n. 数据pure adj.纯净的，纯真的wisdom n.智慧beneficial adj. 有用的，有益的quality n.质量，品质significance n.重要性strength n.优点，力气conduct v.组织，实施illustrate v.说明，加插图于bacteria n.细菌publish v.出版observe v.观察到，注意到surround v.围绕，环绕indicate v.表面，暗示intelligent adj.有才智的，聪明的experienced adj. 有经验的determination n.决定，决心favor v.偏袒，较喜欢politician n.政客lightning n.闪电thunderstorm n.雷雨string n. 细绳v.用线串charge v. 充电，收费，指控chairperson n.主席，会长decorate v.装饰，装潢solar adj.太阳的represent v.意味着，代表involved adj. 参与，卷入moral adj. 道德的intellectual adj.有才智的ignorance n.无知freedom n.自由authority n,权威，官方recognize v.意识到，辨别permit v.准许，允许declare v.宣称，宣布nationality n.国籍evolution n.发展，进化explore v.探索二、重点短语in theory 理论上die of/ from 死于cure for ...的治愈方法refer to 提到，查阅cause damage to 损害/破坏...on trial 试用，受审speed up （使）加速pay off成功，达到目的draw on 凭借，利用be beneficial to 对...有益strengths and weaknesses 优势和劣势conduct research 实施研究be widely considered to be 被广泛认为是... in history 在历史上treat wounds 治疗伤口catch the attention of引起...的注意mass production 批量生产far from the truth 远非事实electric shock电击generation to come子孙后代fit together 拼在一起put forward 提出driving force驱动力，推动力take an interest in 对...感兴趣with a bang很成功，有强烈影响show off 显示，炫耀get a taste of 体验，尝试due to 由于，因为move smoothly 进展顺利put...at risk 使...处于危险下Put another way 换句话说devote oneself to 致力于to the credit of 归功于...take it for granted 认为...使理所当然的leave room for 给...留空间be surrounded by 被...环绕二、词汇拓展1.theory n.理论adj.理论的2.survive v.幸存n.幸存者n.幸存3.acquire v.获得n.获得4.intend v.打算，想要n.意图，目的5.limit v./n.限制adj.有限的6.contain v.装有，包含n.容器，集装箱7.pure adj.纯净的v.纯化n.纯净8.wise adj.明智的adv.明智地n.智慧9.benefit v.使...受益/n.利益adj.有益的10.quality n.品质，质量v.(使)有资格adj.有资格的11.ignore v.忽视n.无知adj.无知的adj.被忽视的12.recognize v.辨认，意识到n.辨认，识别13.significance n.重要性adj.重要的14.strong adj.强壮的，强烈的n.力气v.强化15.decorate v.装饰，装潢n.装饰，装潢16.permit v.允许n.允许17.surround v.环绕n.环境adj. 被环绕的adj.周围的，附近的18.explore v.探索n.探索者n.探索【参考答案】1.theory n.理论theoretical adj.理论的2.survive v.幸存survivor n.幸存者survival n.幸存3.acquire v.获得acquisition n.获得4.intend v.打算，想要intention n.意图，目的5.limit v./n.限制limited adj.有限的6.contain v.装有，包含container n.容器，集装箱7.pure adj.纯净的purify v.纯化purity n.纯净8.wise adj.明智的wisely adv.明智地wisdom n.智慧9.benefit v.使...受益/n.利益beneficial adj.有益的10.quality n.品质，质量qualify v.(使)有资格qualified adj.有资格的11.ignore v.忽视ignorance n.无知ignorant adj.无知的ignored adj.被忽视的12.recognize v.辨认，意识到recognition n.辨认，识别13.significance n.重要性significant adj.重要的14.strong adj.强壮的，强烈的strength n.力气strengthen v.强化15.decorate v.装饰，装潢decoration n.装饰，装潢16.permit v.允许permission n.允许17.surround v.环绕surroundings n.环境surrounded adj. 被环绕的surroundingadj.周围的，附近的18.explore v.探索explorer n.探索者exploration n.探索Section B一、单词拼写（用本部分所学单词）1. As we know, taking positive attitudes towards life is (有益的）to our bodies and minds.2.As is well known,many (致命的）accidents result from carelessness and irresponsibility3.Despite the poor service of the hotel,the manager is reluctant(不情愿的）to invest in (足够的）training for his staff.4.Official reports suggest that the number of （家庭）living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in2013.5.While high school does not generally encourage students to (探索) new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration.6.For a sudden heart failure,the single best chance for (生存）is having someonenearby step in and do CPR quickly .7.To test the effect of social influence on eating habits,the researchers conductedtwo (实验）.8.Conventional (智慧）has it that we should save some money for rainy days when we have a lot in hand.9. He had intended to go to Beijing today, but he (延迟）the trip when he heard that there would be a downpour at noon.10.The musician (指挥）his last concert shortly before his death.11. According to our rules, smoking is not p______in our office.12. The scientist was determined to make a great breakthrough in (科学的）research.13. Sometimes, people don't like asking questions for fear of appearing stupid and (无知的）.14.Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he (出版）his first novel,and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.15.The volunteers' primary (责任）is to help people with learning disabilities to realize their own importance.16. In our country, everyone has the right and (自由）to express his thoughts and ideas.17.In traditional Chinese culture, (婚姻) decisions were made by parents fortheir children.【参考答案】beneficial; deadly; sufficient; households; exploresurvival; trials; wisdom; postponed; conducted; permitted;scientific; ignorant; published; responsibility ; freedom; marriage二、单句语法填空1 . - Would you permit me here ?-Sorry, we don't permit in the library. (smoke)2 . Your dad will go bananas if he knows you often drive his car without (permit)3. I take for granted that you have already check the answer.4.(2019·北京语法填空改编）No matter what you like to do,there is a way to get (involve) in various activities on Earth Day.5. The best way to encourage your kids to enjoy meals is to involve them preparing them.ceremony organized even if the time was so limited.6 . A large number of people have sent off ( apply ) for the job . Some of the ______( apply ) may be disappointed because only one third applying to be employed.7.(2020·全国I卷语法填空改编）The far side of the moon is of particular (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山）,more so than the familiar near side.8. I always dream of having a house______by trees, flowers and grass . If I can live in such beautiful , I mus feel happy every day. As we know, the things can always have an effect on our mood.(surround)9. I'm not going there again-they charged me $ 10_____a cup of coffee!10. You were charged ignoring your duty. Who accused you such a crime?11. There was a very naughty boy in the nursery and a teacher who was generally very confident with the children was asked to take charge him.12. I am favour of your suggestion that we should spend more time on this project.13. The survey (conduct) by the company shows there is a large increase in customer satisfaction this year.14.She (intend)to clear out the spare room, but she was too busy at that time.15. Keep in mind that your effort will pay . Don't let one or two failures get you down .【参考答案】1.to smoke, smoking2.permission3.it4.involved5.in6.applications, applicants,for7.interest8.surrounded;surroundings;surrounding 9.for10.with11.of12.in13.conducted14.had intended15.off三、课文语法填空（1）Because of her contribution to the fight against malaria, Tu Youyou has become the first female Chinese scientist 1 (receive)a Nobel Prize.Born in 1930, in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Tu 2 (study)medicine at university in Beijing and acquired a broad knowledge of both Chinese and Western medicine. In 1969 she became head of a team that intended to find a cure 3 malaria. 4 (inspire) by a 1, 700-year-old text about preparing qinghao with cold water, she tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its 5 (effect)part. She finally succeeded in making a qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice . 6 , the trials on real patients were likely to 7 ( postpone ) because they did not have sufficient data. To speed up the process and ensure its 8 (safe), Tu and her team volunteered to test the qinghao extract on themselves first.The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. In November 1972, they successfully isolated the mosteffective part of 9 extract and named it qinghaosu, 10 is now a key part of many malaria medicines. Tu encouraged scientists to further explore the 10 treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level.【参考答案】to receive; studied; for; Inspired; effectiveHowever; be postponed; safety; the; which（2）What is the value of science ?The first value is that scientific knowledge enables us 1 (do) and make all kinds of things. Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or bad- 2 it does not carry instructions on how to apply it. Such power 3 (have) obvious value. Another value of science is the intellectual enjoyment it can provide us 4 . Thanks to the scientific effort, we have been led to imagine all 5 ( sort ) of things which are more fantastic than poets and dreamers of the past ever could. Let's turn to a 6 (three) value that science has. The scientist has a lot of experience with 7 ( ignorant ) and doubt and uncertainty , and this experience is 8 ( great ) important . Scientists take it for granted that 9 is perfectly possible to live and not know .10 (know) the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought, we as scientists have the responsibility to declare the value of this freedom.【参考答案】to do; but; has; with; sortsthird; ignorance; greatly; it; Knowing。

中医基础理论英文单词

中医基础理论英文单词

每日单词1.学科【中医基础理论】2017-3-21中药Chinese materia medica [mə'tɪərɪr]中药学Chinese materia medica中医药traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacology [fɑrməˈkɑlədʒɪ]中西医结合integration of traditional and western medicine方剂学prescriptions of Chinesemateria medica中医皮肤科学 dermatology of TCM [,dɝmə'tɑlədʒi]中医肛肠科学 proctology of TCM [prɑk'tɑlədʒi]中医妇科学gynecology of TCM [,gaɪnə'kɑlədʒi]中医儿科学pediatrics of TCM[,pidi'ætrɪks]中医眼科学ophthalmology of TCM [,ɑfθæl'mɑlədʒi]中医耳鼻喉科学otorhinolaryngology of TCM [,oto,raɪno,lærɪŋ'ɡɑlədʒi]中医骨伤科学 osteology and traumatology of TCM [,ɑstɪ'ɑlədʒi] [,traʊmə'tɑlədʒi]中医急诊学science of emergentology of TCM针灸学science of acupuncture and moxibustion of TCM中医推拿学science of tuina of traditional Chinese medicine中医养生学science of preservation of traditional Chinese medicine中医康复学science of rehabilitation of traditional Chinese medicine中医护理学science of nursery of traditionalChinese medicine温病学science of epidemic febrile disease of TCM ['fibraɪl]药用植物学pharmaceutical botany [,fɑrmə'sutɪkl]【中医基础理论】2017-3-22中药化学chemistry of Chinese materia medica中药药理学pharmacology of Chinese materia medica中药鉴别学identification of Chinese materia medica中药炮制学science of processing Chinese materia medica中药药剂学pharmacy of Chinese materia medica中药制剂分析 analysising drug form of Chinese materia medica中国医学史Chinese medical history中医文献学Chinese medical literature中医各家学说 theories of schools of traditional Chinese medicine医案medical record国家中医药管理局State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine中华中医药学会China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy世界针灸学会联合会The World Federation of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Societies中国针灸学会 China Association of Acupuncture and Moxibustion中国中西医结合学会Chinese Association of the Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine中国民族医药学会Chinese Association of Minority Medicine阳生阴长：yin growing while yang generating阳杀阴藏：yin concealing while yang declined阴静阳躁：static yin and dynamic yang阳化气，阴成形：yang transforming qi while yin constituting form【中医基础理论】2017-3-23阴阳平衡：yin-yang balance阴阳调和：yin-yang harmony阴阳交感：interaction of Yin and Yang阴阳自和：spontaneous harmonization of yin and yang阴阳对立：opposition of yin and yang阴阳互根：interdependence of Yin and Yang阴阳消长：mutual consuming of Yin and Yang阴阳转化：Inter-transformation of Yin and Yang阴阳互根：mutual rooting of Yin and Yang阴生于阳：Yin originating from yang阳生于阴：yang originating from Yin孤阳不生：solitary yang failing to grow独阴不长：solitary yin failing to develop阴偏盛：Preponderance (Excess) of Yin阳偏盛：Preponderance (Excess) of Yang[prɪ'pɑndərəns]阴偏衰：Weakness (Deficiency) of Yin阳偏衰：Weakness (Deficiency) of Yang重阴必阳：extreme yin turning into yang重阳必阴：extreme yang turning into yin阴平阳秘，精神乃治：when yin is at peace and yang is compact essence-spirit is normal 阴阳离决，精气乃绝：when yin and yang separate, essential qi expires【中医基础理论】2017-3-24阴阳偏盛：preponderance of yin or yang阴阳两虚：Dual deficiency of yin and yang阴虚阳亢：Yin deficiency with yang hyperactivity阴盛阳衰：Exuberance of yin with decline of yang [ɪg'zjʊbərəns]亡阴亡阳：yin collapse; yang exhaustion阳胜则阴病：when yang prevails, yin ails阴胜则阳病：when yin prevails, yang ails阴阳失调：yin-yang disharmony阳损及阴：yang impairment affects yin阴阳乖戾：yin-yang perversion阴阳胜复：Alternative preponderance of yin and yang阴竭阳脱：Yin exhaustion and yang collapse阴盛格阳：exuberant yin repelling yang阳胜则热：excess of yang causing heat; exuberance of yang leads to heat阴盛阳衰：exuberance of yin with decline of yang阴阳俱损：simultaneous consumption of yin and yang扶阳退阴：strengthening yang to reduce yin滋阴抑阳：enrich yin and repressing yang阳中求阴：seek yin from yang阳病治阴：Treating yang disease from yin【中医基础理论】2017-3-25阴阳平衡： balance of yin and yang; Yin-yang balance; balance between yin and yang阴平阳秘：Yin is even (steady) and yang is sound (firm).阴阳失调：disharmony of yin and yang; imbalance of yin and yang阴阳调和：Harmony of yin and yang调和肝胃：Harmonizing the liver and stomach水曰润下：Water characterized by moistening and descending火曰炎上：Fire characterized by flaring up木曰曲直：Wood characterized by bending and straightening金曰从革：Metal characterized by changing土爰稼穑：Earth characterized by sowing and reaping木克土，土生金，金克木：Wood controls Earth, but Earth generates Metal, which controls Wood 母病及子：disease of the mother affects the child子病及母：disease of the child affects the mother子盗母气：child stealing the mother's qi【中医基础理论】2017-3-28虚则补其母：deficiency is treated by supplementing the mother实则泻其子：excess is treated by draining the child补母泻子：supplementing the mother and draining the child滋水涵木：replenishing water to nourish wood培土生金：reinforcing earth to generate metal益火补土：tonifying fire to supplement earth金水相生：mutual generation between metal and water抑强扶弱：restrain the powerful and help the weak抑木扶土：inhibiting wood and strengthening earth培土制水：cultivating earth to control water佐金平木：assisting metal and calming wood泻南补北：purging the south (fire) and nourishing the north (water)精：Essence【中医基础理论】2017-3-29三宝：three treasures先天之精：prenatal/innate essence [,pri'netl]后天之精：postnatal/acquired essence脏腑之精：essence of the bowels and viscera ['vɪsərə]生殖之精：reproductive essence水谷之精：essence of grain and water推动作用：Propelling温煦作用：Warming防御作用：Protecting固摄作用：Fixating ['fɪkset]气化作用：Qi-transforming气机：qi movement气化：qi transformation升：upward movement / ascending降：downward movement / descending出：Outward / going out入：inward / coming in【中医基础理论】2017-3-30元气：primary qi / genuine qi (most essential qi in the body)宗气：pectoral qi; ancestral qi (it accumulates in the chest) ['pɛktərəl] 营气：nutrient qi (forms blood to nourish body)卫气：defensive qi; protective真气：genuine qi正气：healthy qi; normal qi中气：middle qi藏象 viscera manifestation肾间动气：stirring qi of the kidney region心主血：the heart governs the blood肝藏血：the liver stores the blood脾统血：the spleen manages the blood津：thin fluid/fluid liquid液：thick fluid/liquid humor五液：five humors；visceral humor2017-3-31汗：sweat泪：tears涕：snivel美 ['snɪvl]涎：drool; thinner saliva[drul] [sə'laɪvə]唾：spittle; thicker saliva['spɪtl]气为血之帅：qi is the commander of the blood血为气之母：blood is the mother of qi精血同源：essence and blood are of the same source津血同源：liquid and blood are of the same source神：Mind魂：Ethereal Soul[ɪ'θɪrɪəl]魄：Corporeal Soul[kɔr'pɔrɪəl]意：Intellect志：Will-power五脏：five viscera六腑：six bowels奇恒之府：extraordinary organs【中医基础理论】2017-4-1心主血脉：It governs Blood & vessels心藏神：It houses the Mind其华在面：It manifests in the complexion开窍于舌：It opens into the tongue在志为喜：It is related to joy在液为汗：It controls sweat君主之官 monarch organ主血脉 governing blood and vessels主藏神 storing spirit主通明 governing smoothness and brightness肺为娇脏：delicate viscus主宣发与肃降：They control diffusing and descending of Qi and Body Fluids主气司呼吸：They govern Qi and respiration主通调水道：They regulate Water passages朝百脉，主治节：They control channels and blood vessels，and regulate all physiological activities 在体合皮：They control the skin其华在毛：They manifest in the body hair开窍为鼻：They open into the nose在液为涕：The control nasal mucus在神为魄：They house the Corporeal Soul在志为忧（悲）：They are affected by worry, grief and sadness【中医基础理论】2017-4-2脾气主升：It controls the ascending of Qi喜燥恶湿：likes dryness and is averse to dampness主运化：It governs transformation and transportation主统血：It controls the Blood在体合肉，主四肢：It controls the muscles and the four limbs在窍为口，其华在唇：It opens into the mouth and manifests in the lips在液为涎：It controls saliva脾舍意：It houses the Intellect在志为思：It is affected by pensiveness肝为刚脏：liver is the unyielding viscus肝主升发：liver governs upbearing and effusion主疏泄：It ensures the smooth flow of Qi主藏血：It stores Blood在体合筋：It controls the sinews其华在爪：It manifests in the nails在窍为目：It opens into the eyes在液为泪：It controls tears肝舍魂：It houses the Ethereal Soul在志为怒：It is affected by anger【中医基础理论】2017-4-3藏精，主生长发育与生殖：Store Essence and govern birth, growth, reproduction and development 主水：Govern Water主纳气：Control the reception of Qi在体合骨，生髓：Produce Marrow, fill up the brain and control bones在窍为耳及二阴：Open into the ears &the two lower orifices['ɔrəfɪsɪz]其华在发：Manifest in the hair在液为唾：Control spittle ['spɪtl]肾舍志：House the Will-power肾主命门：Control the Gate of Life (Minister Fire)The Gallbladder贮藏和排泄胆汁：It stores and excretes bile [ɪk'skrit] [baɪl]主决断：It controls decisiveness [dɪ'saɪsɪvnəs]The Stomach后天之气之根：Root of Post-Heaven Qi水谷之海：the Sea of water and grains主通降：Controls the descending of Qi/free downflow喜润恶燥：likes moisture and is averse to dryness ['mɔɪstʃɚ]主受纳：Controls receiving / intake主腐熟水谷：Controls the rotting and ripening of food['rɔtiŋ] ['raɪpən]太仓：Great Granary['grænəri]【中医基础理论】2017-4-4The Small Intestine主受盛化物：controls receiving and transforming主泌别清浊：separates the clear and turbid ['tɝbɪd]The Large Intestine主传化糟粕：Controls passage and conduction//governs the conveyance and transformation of waste 大肠主津：it governs fluids通行元气：It mobilizes the Original Qi运行水液：It controls the transportation and penetration of Qi [,pɛnɪ'treʃən]上焦如雾：The Upper Burner is like mist.中焦如沤：The Middle Burner is like foam (fermenter). [fom] [fɚ'mɛntɚ下焦如渎：The Lower Burner is compared to sluice (drainage ditch).[slus] 水闸脑：Brain髓：Marrow骨：Bones脉：Blood Vessels胆：Gall Bladder女子胞：Uterus['jutərəs]主持月经：it regulates menstruation孕育胎儿：it houses the fetus during pregnancy ['fitəs]心肾相交：heart-kidney interaction心肾不交：heart and kidney failing to interact水火既济：coordination between water and fire肝肾同源：liver and kidney are of the same source【中医基础理论】2017-4-5脾为生痰之源，肺为贮痰之器：spleen is the source of phlegm formation, lung is the receptacle that holds phlegm五体：five constituents筋：sinew; tendon ['sɪnju]脉：vessel肉：flesh皮：skin骨：bone皮毛：skin and hair腠理：striae and interstices['straii:]玄府：sweat pore（mysterious mansion） [pɔr]. 气孔['mænʃən] 大厦气门：sweat pore (qi gate)肌：muscle; flesh宗筋：convergence of tendon; penis (and testes)['pinɪs]面：face颈项：neck (and nape)[nep]胸胁：chest and hypochondrium[,haɪpə'kɑndrɪəm]脘腹：stomach duct and abdomen腰背：lumbus and back四肢：Four limbs前阴：external genitalia (anterior yin) [,dʒɛnə'teljə]后阴：anus (posterior yin)['enəs]五官：five sense【中医基础理论】2017-4-6七窍：seven orifices九窍：nine orifices清窍：clear orifice上窍：upper orifice下窍：lower orifice苗窍：signal orifice外因：external cause内因：internal cause不内外因：cause neither internal nor external / miscessaneous causes of disease 其他致病因素：other pathogens病理产物：pathological products六淫：six excesses疠气：pestilential qi [,pɛstɪ'lɛnʃl]风：wind寒：cold暑：summer-heat湿：dampness燥：dryness火：fire喜：joy怒：anger：忧：worry/anxiety思：pensiveness/thought悲：sadness/sorrow恐：fear 惊：shock/fright【中医基础理论】2017-4-7怒伤肝： anger affecting the Liver喜伤心： joy affecting the Heart思伤脾： pensiveness affecting the Spleen悲伤肺： sadness affecting the Lungs恐伤肾： fear affecting the Kidneys.饮食失宜：improper diet饮食不节：improper eating habit过饥（进食不足）：insufficient eating过饱：overeating饮食不洁：eating unclean food五味偏嗜：flavor predilection偏嗜肥甘：predilection for greasy food['grisi] [,prɛdl'ɛkʃən]过食生冷：overconsumption of raw or cold foods劳逸不当：overwork or lack of exercise过劳：overwork/overstrain劳力过度：excessive physical work劳神过度：excessive mental work房劳过度：excessive sexual activity过逸：lack of exercise体逸太过：lack of physical exercise神逸太过：lack of mental exercise邪气、病邪：evil/pathogen/pathogenic factor外邪：external evilFrom: 国医英语QQ群459509898【中医基础理论】2017-4-8内生五邪：five endogenous evil客邪：visiting evil/intruding pathogen时邪：seasonal evil合邪：combined evil浊邪：turbid evil毒：toxin热毒：heat toxin胎毒：fetal toxin蛊毒：parasitic toxin恶气：malign qi外感：external contraction内伤：internal damage劳倦：fatigue due to overstrain劳复：relapse due to overwork跌打损伤：injuries due to knocks and falls禀赋不足：constitutional insufficiency先天不足：inadequate natural endowment后天失调：lack of proper care after birth水土不服：failure to acclimatize to a new environment【中医基础理论】2017-4-9心藏神heart storing spirit肺藏魄 lung storing inferior spirit肝藏魂liver storing soul脾藏意 spleen storing idea肾藏志kidney storing will调节脏腑机能regulate viscera function主宰dominate/dictate/govern/decide疏泄catharsis [k ə'θɑrs ɪs]升降出入coming out and entering维系hold together精 jing （as the world origin in ancient philosophy ）气 qi （as the world origin in ancient philosophy ）精气学说 theory of jingqi生殖之精 essential substance for reproduction有形物质 tangible material感应 induction水地说 hypothesis of jing originating from water and earth [ha ɪ'p ɑθəs ɪs]运气说 hypothesis of qi originating from cloud and air元气 primordial qi [pra ɪ'm ɔrd ɪəl]From: 国医英语QQ 群459509898【中医基础理论】2017-4-10（元）气一元论 monism of qi阴阳：yin and yang the two opposing principles in nature变化：variation子午线：meridian (厥阴：jueyin meridian)太阴：lunar太阳：sunshine阴阳交感：interaction of yin anyang阴阳互藏：yinyang mutual hiding阴阳转化：mutual transformation between yin and yang阴阳消长：waxing and waning of yinyang阴阳相关：the relativity of yin and yang阴阳对立制约the opposition of yin and yang阴阳互根互用interdependence and interpromotion of yin and yang筋骨～阳中之阴skin and muscles~yang within yangtendon and bone~yin within yang阴阳失调imbalance of yin and yang ；五行学说doctrine of five elements春夏养阳reinforcing yang in summer to treat yang deficiency.秋冬养阴nourishing yin in water to treat yin deficiency.夏病冬治treating summer disease from winter【中医基础理论】2017-4-11木曰曲直；wood can be flexed and extended火曰炎上fire flames up土爰稼穑 earth can grow props ；水曰润下water moistens and flows downward气机qi activity气化qi transformation五行相生inter-promotion of five elements五行相克inter-inhibition of five elements五行制化relationship of promotion and restriction of five elements五行相乘inter-invasion of five elements五行相侮reverse restriction in five elements五行胜复resistance of oppressed elements母病及子mother-organ disorder involving its child-organ子病及母child-organ disorder involving its mother-organ滋水涵木 replenishing water to nourish woodFrom: 国医英语QQ 群459509898From: 国医英语QQ 群459509898培土生金 reinforcing earth to generate metal益火补土 tonifying fire to supplement earth金水相生 mutual generation between metal and water抑木扶土 inhibiting wood and strengthening earth培土制水 cultivating earth to control water佐金平木 assisting metal and calming wood泻南补北 purging the south (fire) and nourishing the north(water)阴阳自和 reestablishment to yin-yang equilibrium阴阳平衡 both yin and yang in equilibrium满而不实：full of essence without foodstuff实而不满：full of foodstuff without essence【中医基础理论】2017-4-12心主神明：heart controlling metal activities肺为娇脏：lung being the delicate organ肝为刚脏：liver being the resolute zang-organ脾为孤脏：spleen being the solitary zang-organ泌别清浊: separating the clear from the turbid脑为髓海：brain being the marrow sea命门：vital gate罢极之本：source of endurance五脏之本 the source of vital essence of five ZANG-organs水谷之海 reservoir of water and grains腐熟水谷 digesting food以降为和 taking descent as the normal functional tendency of FU-organs小肠主液 the small intestine being concerned with the thick and turbid body fluid 大肠主津 the large intestine governing the body fluids州都之官 the viscus likened to a pond; the urinary bladder决渎之官 the organ in charge of water circulation上焦如雾 upper energizer acting as fog女子胞 uterus【中医基础理论】2017-4-13后天之本 source of acquired constitution先天之本 congenital foundation罢极之本 source of endurance上焦如雾 upper —jiao resembling mistFrom: 国医英语QQ 群459509898From: 国医英语QQ 群459509898中焦如沤 middle —jiao resembling fermenter下焦如渎 lower —jiao resembling drainage三焦 three warmers ，three burners ,tri-jiao奇恒之腑 extraordinary fu-organs肝开窍于目 the liver opens into the eyes惊恐伤肾 fear impairing kidney悲忧伤肺 melancholy impairing lung思虑伤脾 worry impairing spleen暴喜伤心 overwhelming joy impairing heart大怒伤肝 rage impairing liver精气为满 essence is characterized by fullness水谷为实 food is characterized by solidness魄 inferior spirit心为君主之官 the heart is the monarch organ心在窍为舌 the heart opens into the tongue在志为喜 associating with joy in emotions在液为汗 sweat in secretions其华在面 manifesting on the face主血脉 control the blood and vessel心藏神 the heart is to govern the mind【中医基础理论】2017-4-14心与小肠相表里 it meridian connects with the small intestine with which it is internally and externally related肺为华盖 the lung is compared to the “canopy ”肺与大肠相表里 it's meridian is internally and externally related to the large intestine 肾藏精 kidney storesessence在时为 the time supports spring在志为怒 with aspiration in fury五脏 five solid organs辩证论证 selection of treatment based on the differential diagnosi小肠 intestinum tenue膀胱 cystitis命门 vitaport;相火 prime-minister fire;怒伤肝 excessive rage impairs the liver天癸 sexual function of both sexes月经 menstruation心肾不交 disharmony between the heart and kidney生痰之源 source of phlegm纳运相得 inter-promotion between containing and digestion升降相因 interdependence between ascending and descending后天之本 source of acquired constitution冲脉 chong channel元气 vigour From: 国医英语QQ 群459509898【中医基础理论】2017-4-15藏泄互用 interdependence between storing and discharging精血同源 the essence and blood share the same orgin血液运行 blood circulation血虚 blood asthenia 血瘀 blood stasis血热 blood-heat 血寒 blood-cold血液生化不足 insufficiency of blood面色无华 pale complexion急慢性出血 acute and chronic hemorrhage血脉和利 harmony of blood and smoothness of the vessels气虚血瘀 qi asthenia and blood stasis气滞 qi stagnation气不摄血 failure of qi to control blood经脉meridian ；络脉collateral经络学说 theory of meridians and collaterals十二正经 twelve regular channels奇经八脉 eight extra channels十二经别 twelve divergent channels十五别络 fifteen large collaterals十二经筋 twelve meridian musculatures十二皮部 twelve cutaneous areas孙 络 minute collateral浮 络 superficial collaterals【中医基础理论】2017-4-16阴胜则阳病 an excess of yin leads to deficiency of yang（阳胜则热 predominance of yang generating heat ）木乘木虚 the wood over-restrains the earth虚寒证 deficiency-cold syndrome木火刑金 wood-fire impairs the metal金水相生 generation between the metal and water生克制化 interrelationship between generation and restriction相乘相侮 over-restriction and reverse restriction生中有制 restriction within generation相生相克 mutual generation and restrictionFrom: 国医英语QQ 群459509898From: 国医英语QQ 群459509898生我，我生 to be generated and to generate阴阳胜复 alternative predominance of yin and yang扶阳退阴 strengthening yang to reduce yin祛风散寒 expelling/eliminating wind to dispersing cold督脉 governor vessel任脉 conception vessel冲脉 thoroughfare vessel带脉 belt vessel阴蹻、阳蹻脉 Yinqiao vessel, Yangqiao vessel阴维、阳维脉 Yinwei vessel and Yangwei vessel.脾之大络 the large spleen collateral缺盆中痛 pain in the supraclavicular fossa肺经 the lung vessel【中医基础理论】2017-4-17阳脉之海sea of yang meridians(governor vessel)阴脉之海sea of yin meridians(conception vessel)任主胞胎conception vessel governing uterus and gestation十二经脉之海sea of the twelve meridians(thoroughfare vessel)血海blood sea手太阴肺经lung channel of hand taiyin手阳明大肠经large intestine channel of hang yangming足阳明胃经stomach channel of foot yangming足太阴脾经spleen channel of food taiyin手少阴心经heart channel of hand shaoyin手太阳小肠经 small intestine channel of hand taiyang足太阳膀胱经 bladder channel of foot taiyang足少阴肾经 kidney channel of foot shaoyin手厥阴心包经 pericardium channel of hand jueyin手少阳三焦经 tri-jiao(energizer) channel of hand shaoyang足少阳胆经 gallbladder channel of foot shaoyang足厥阴肝经 liver channel of foot jueyin虚里 heart apex人迎脉 man's prognosis pulse头为诸阳之会 the head is the junction of all yang meridians体质 physiqueFrom: 国医英语QQ 群459509898From: 国医英语QQ 群459509898【中医基础理论】2017-4-18禀赋 natural endowment稚阴稚阳 immature yin and yang劳则气耗 overexertion leading to qi consumption痰湿体质 the phlegm –dampness constitution个体差异性 individual variation相对稳定性 relay satellite群体趋同性 group convergence动态可变性 dynamic variability形神合一 harmonization between soma and spirit体格 physique体型 body type人格 personality气质 temperament性格 character素质 heredity理想体质 ideal body constitutions病势 disease tendency质化（从化） property transformation【中医基础理论】2017-4-19体质强弱 (body )constitutional state/ conditions of constitution平和质 mild constitution因人制宜 treatment in accordance with the patient's individuality生长发育水平 level of production营养状况 condition of nutrition体质的评价指标 the evaluation index of constitution先天禀赋 natural endowment体质强壮 robust constitution体质虚弱 weak constitution机体的抗病能力 body resistance外邪 exterior pernicious influences语声低微 whispering voice懒言 reluctance to speak自汗 spontaneous sweating盗汗 night sweats思虑太过 excessive mental activities形寒肢冷cold extremities淋雨涉水 being drenched by rain [drent ʃd]渴不欲饮 thirst without the desire to drink大渴 unquenchable thirst [ʌn'kwen(t)ʃəb(ə)l]From: 国医英语QQ 群459509898【中医基础理论】2017-4-20六淫 six evils行痹 wind arthralgia [ɑr'θræld ʒə]痛痹 arthritis着痹 localized pain disorder caused by moist heteropathy /,het ə'r ɔp əθi/ 反应性异常 风邪 wind evil阳邪 yang pathogens内因 internal cause风疹 nettle rash病起过用 overuse causing disease三因学说 theory of three types of disease causes六淫 six excesses外风 external wind内风 internal wind内寒 internal cold内湿 internal dampness内燥 internal dryness内火 internal fire戾气 pestilent qi淤血 static blood血热 blood heat痰饮phlegm retention湿热damp heat【中医基础理论】2017-4-21风寒表证superficial cold syndrome里热证internal heat syndrome湿性重浊dampness is heavy and turbid眩晕耳鸣dizziness and vertigo气机失调disorder of qi movement大怒郁怒伤肝rage and depression impair liver七情内伤internal impairment due to seven emotions得温则减，遇寒加剧relieved by warming,aggravated by more cold正气 healthy qiFrom: 国医英语QQ 群459509898From: 国医英语QQ 群459509898邪气 pathogenic factors感邪即发 acute onset after affected徐发 chornic onset伏而后发 latent onset继发 secondary onset合病 simultaneous onset并病 following onset复病 recurrence【中医基础理论】2017-4-22重感致复 re-affectedness causing recurrence内伤七情 internal injury due to seven emotions怒则气上 excessive anger drives qi to flow upward喜则气缓 excessive joy makes qi sluggish悲则气消 excessive sorrow consumes qi恐则气下 excessive fear drives qi to flow downward惊则气乱 excessive fright disorders qi思则气结 excessive thought stagnates qi内生五邪 five internal excesses饮食劳倦 improper diet and over strain不内外因 causes neither internal nor external病机学说：pathology虚实错杂：mixture of asthenia and sthenia邪胜正衰：prosperous pathogen with asthenic healthy qi虚：asthenia 实： sthenia大实有羸状：excessive sthenia manifesting as excessive asthenia虚实真假：pseudo or ture manifestation of asthenia and sthenia正虚邪恋：asthenia healthy qi with pathogen lingering虚中夹实：asthenia with sthenia【中医基础理论】2017-4-23虚实转化：inter-transformation between asthenia and sthenia因虚致实：sthenic symptoms caused by asthenia风气内动:internal generation of windFrom: 国医英语QQ 群459509898From: 国医英语QQ 群459509898热极生风:extreme heat causing wind syndrome肝阳化风:hyperactive liver-YANG causing syndrome of liver-wind阴虚风动:wind formation from yin deficiency血虚生风:wind formation from blood deficiency血燥生风:wind formation from blood dryness痰瘀生风:phlegm stasis causing wind寒从中生: endogenous cold formation湿浊内生:dampness originating from interior津伤化燥:dryness caused by consumption of body fluid邪气盛则实 exuberance of pathogenic factors leads to sthenia精气夺则虚 loss of essence leads to asthenia邪正盛衰superabundance or decline between healthy qi and pathogenic factors阴阳失调 imbalance between yin and yang气血失常 disorder of qi and blood经络和脏腑功能紊乱 dysfunction of the viscera and meridians阴阳互损 mutual consumption of yin or yang阴阳的格拒 mutual rejection between yin and yang阴阳的亡失 loss of yin or yang【中医基础理论】2017-4-24内生五邪 five endogenous pathogenic factors气滞血瘀 blood stasis due to qi deficiency气不摄血 qi fails to consolidate blood气不行水 qi not moving water气津两虚 deficiency of both qi and fluids瘀血痰饮 stagnated blood and phlegm retention津液耗伤 consumption of body fluid热扰心神 pathogenic heat disturbing the mind风痰阻络 wind-phlegm obstructing the channels胸闷如窒 a suffocating sensation in the chest内生五邪 five endogenous evils饮食不洁：unhygienic diet五味偏嗜: be addicted to one of the five flavours疳积：infantile malnutrition痰饮证phlegm retention syndrome体质差异the discrepancy of physique发育障碍eccyliosis戾气：epidemic pathogenic factor综合症：syndrome诊断失误 the error of diagnosis烧烫伤pathogeny burn and scald [p ə'θɔd ʒini]发病 disease onsetFrom: 国医英语QQ 群459509898【中医基础理论】2017-4-25正气 healthy qi邪气 pathogenic qi卒发 acute onset徐发 chronic onset伏发 latent onset继发 secondary onset合病 simultaneous onset并病 following onset复发 recurrence治病求本 treatment aiming at its pathogenesis急则治标 symptomatic treatment in acute condition缓则治本 radical treatment in chronic case标本兼治 treating both manifestationand root couse of disease治未病 preventive treatment of disease同病异治 treating same disease with different methods异病同治 treating different diseases with same methods因时治宜 treating in accordance with seasonal condition因地制宜 treating in accordance with local condition因人制宜 treating in accordance with the patient's individuality望神 inspection of spirit【中医基础理论】2017-4-26眼神 expression in one's eyes气色 complexion神情 expression体态 posture望色 inspection of color常色 normal complexion病色 sickly complexion五色主病 diseases reflected by five colours;望色十法 ten-principle examination of the complexion四诊合参 comprehensive analysisof data gained by fourdiagnostic methods内证 interior syndrome外证 exterior syndrome平人 healthy personFrom: 国医英语QQ 群459509898From: 国医英语QQ 群459509898八纲辨证 eight principal syndrome differentiation六经辨证 syndrome-differentiation of the six meridians辨病 disease differentiation卫气营血辨证 wei-qi-camp-blood syndrome differentiation常规医学：Conventional Medicine主流医学：Mainstream health care对抗疗法：Allopathic Therapy顺势疗法：Homeopathic therapy【中医基础理论】2017-4-27中西医结合：Integration of traditional Chinese and western medicine有机整体：organic whole形神统一：unity of the body and spirit天人相应：correspondence between human and universe证：Syndrome/Pattern症：symptom征：sign辨证：Syndrome Differentiation/Pattern Identification辨证论治：①Treatment based on Pattern Identification②Pattern Identification and Treatment诊断与保健体系a system of diagnosis and health-care approachesA highly sophisticated set of practices designed to cure illness and to maintain health andwellbeing辅助医学：Complementary Medicine 替代医学：Alternative Medicine天气 celetial qi地气 earth qi气立 establishment of general qi【中医基础理论】2017-4-28天人相应 adaptation of human body to natural environment辨证论治 treatment based on syndrome differentiation理法方药 principle-method-recipe-medicines From: 国医英语QQ 群459509898From: 国医英语QQ 群459509898。

关于学科的英语单词

关于学科的英语单词

关于学科的英语单词人类的活动产生，经历的积累和消化形成认识，认识通过思考、归纳、理解、抽象而上升为知识，知识在经过运用并得到验证后进一步开展到科学层面上形成知识体系，处于不断开展和演进的知识体系根据某些共性特征进展划分而成学科。

以下是带来的关于学科的英语单词，欢迎阅读。

生物物理学 Biophysics生态学 Ecology系统科学 Systems Science系统理论 Systems Theory系统分析与集成 Systems Analysis and Integration科学技术史 History of Science and Technology工学 Engineering力学 Mechanics一般力学与力学根底 General and Fundamental Mechanics 固体力学 Solid Mechanics流体力学 Fluid Mechanics工程力学 Engineering Mechanics机械工程 Mechanical Engineering机械制造及其自动化 Mechanical Manufacture and Automation机械电子工程 Mechatronic Engineering机械设计与理论 Mechanical Design and Theory车辆工程 Vehicle Engineering光学工程 Optical Engineering仪器科学与技术 Instrument Science and Technology精细仪器及机械 Precision Instrument and Machinery测试计量技术及仪器 Measuring and Testing Technologies and Instruments材料科学与工程 Materials Science and Engineering材料物理与化学 Materials Physics and Chemistry材料学 Materialogy材料加工工程 Materials Processing Engineering冶金工程 Metallurgical Engineering冶金物理化学 Physical Chemistry of Metallurgy钢铁冶金 Ferrous Metallurgy有色金属冶金 Non-ferrous Metallurgy动力工程及工程热物理 Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics工程热物理 Engineering Thermophysics热能工程 Thermal Power Engineering动力机械及工程 Power Machinery and Engineering流体机械及工程 Fluid Machinery and Engineering制冷及低温工程 Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering 化工过程机械 Chemical Process Equipment电气工程 Electrical Engineering电机与电器 Electric Machines and Electric Apparatus电力系统及其自动化 Power System and its Automation高电压与绝缘技术 High Voltage and Insulation Technology 电力电子与电力传动 Power Electronics and Power Drives电工理论与新技术 Theory and New Technology of Electrical Engineering电子科学与技术 Electronics Science and Technology物理电子学 Physical Electronics电路与系统 Circuits and Systems微电子学与固体电子学 Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics电磁场与微波技术 Electromagic Field and Microwave Technology信息与通信工程 Information and Communication Engineering通信与信息系统 Communication and Information Systems 信号与信息处理 Signal and Information Processing控制科学与工程 Control Science and Engineering控制理论与控制工程 Control Theory and Control Engineering哲学 Philosophy马克思主义哲学 Philosophy of Marxism中国哲学 Chinese Philosophy外国哲学 Foreign Philosophies逻辑学 Logic伦理学 Ethics美学 Aesthetics宗教学 Science of Religion科学技术哲学 Philosophy of Science and Technology经济学 Economics理论经济学 Theoretical Economics政治经济学 Political Economy经济思想史 History of Economic Thought经济史 History of Economic西方经济学 Western Economics世界经济 World Economics人口、资源与环境经济学 Population, Resources and Environmental Economics应用经济学 Applied Economics国民经济学 National Economics区域经济学 Regional Economics财政学(含税收学) Public Finance (including Taxation) 金融学(含保险学) Finance (including Insurance)产业经济学 Industrial Economics国际贸易学 International Trade劳动经济学 Labor Economics统计学 Statistics数量经济学 Quantitative Economics中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称国防经济学 National Defense Economics法学 Law法学 Science of Law法学理论 Jurisprudence法律史 Legal History宪法学与行政法学 Constitutional Law and Administrative Law刑法学 Criminal Jurisprudence民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学) Civil Law and Commercial Law (including Science of Labour Law and Science of Social Security Law )诉讼法学 Science of Procedure Laws经济法学 Science of Economic Law环境与资源保护法学 Science of Environment and Natural Resources Protection Law国际法学(含国际公法学、国际私法学、国际经济法学、) International law (including International Public law, International Private Law and International Economic Law) 军事法学 Science of Military Law政治学 Political Science政治学理论 Political Theory中外政治制度 Chinese and Foreign Political Institution 科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动 Scientific Socialism and InternationalCommunist Movement中共党史(含党的学说与党的建立) History of the Communist Party of China(including the Doctrine of China Party and Party Building)马克思主义理论与思想政治教育 Education of Marxist Theory and Education in Ideology and Politics国际政治学 International Politics国际关系学 International Relations外交学 Diplomacy社会学 Sociology社会学 Sociology人口学 Demography人类学 Anthropology民俗学(含中国民间文学) Folklore (including Chinese Folk Literature)民族学 Ethnology民族学 Ethnology马克思主义民族理论与政策 Marxist Ethnic Theory and Policy中国少数民族经济 Chinese Ethnic Economics中国少数民族史 Chinese Ethnic History中国少数民族艺术 Chinese Ethnic Art教育学 Education教育学 Education Science教育学原理 Educational Principle课程与教学论 Curriculum and Teaching Methodology教育史 History of Education比较教育学 Comparative Education学前教育学 Pre-school Education高等教育学 Higher Education成人教育学 Adult Education职业技术教育学 Vocational and Technical Education特殊教育学 Special Education教育技术学 Education Technology心理学 Psychology根底心理学 Basic Psychology开展与心理学 Developmental and Educational Psychology 应用心理学 Applied Psychology体育学 Science of Physical Culture and Sports体育人文社会学 Humane and Sociological Science of Sports运动人体科学 Human Movement Science体育教育训练学 Theory of Sports Pedagogy and Training 民族传统体育学 Science of Ethnic Traditional Sports文学 Literature中国语言文学 Chinese Literature文艺学 Theory of Literature and Art语言学及应用语言学 Linguistics and Applied Linguistics 汉语言文字学 Chinese Philology中国古典文献学 Study of Chinese Classical Text中国古代文学 Ancient Chinese Literature中国现当代文学 Modern and Contemporary Chinese Literature中国少数民族语言文学 Chinese Ethnic Language andLiterature比较文学与世界文学 Comparative Literature and World Literature外国语言文学 Foreign Languages and Literatures英语语言文学 English Language and Literature俄语语言文学 Russian Language and Literature法语语言文学 French Language and Literature德语语言文学 German Language and Literature日语语言文学 Japanese Language and Literature印度语言文学 Indian Language and Literature西班牙语语言文学 Spanish Language and Literature阿拉伯语语言文学 Arabic Language and Literature欧洲语言文学 European Language and Literature亚非语言文学 Asian-African Language and Literature 外国语言学及应用语言学 Linguistics and Applied Linguistics inForeign Languages新闻传播学 Journalism and Communication新闻学 Journalism传播学 Communication艺术学 Art艺术学 Art Theory音乐学 Music美术学 Fine Arts设计艺术学 Artistic Design戏剧戏曲学 Theater and Chinese Traditional Opera电影学 Film播送电视艺术学 Radio and television Art舞蹈学 Dance历史学 History历史学 History史学理论及史学史 Historical Theories and History of Historical Science考古学及博物馆学 Archaeology and Museology历史地理学 Historical Geography历史文献学(含敦煌学、古文字学) Studies of Historical Literature (includingPaleography and Studies of Dunhuang)专门史 History of Particular Subjects中国古代史 Ancient Chinese History中国近现代史 Modern and Contemporary Chinese History 世界史 World History理学 Natural Science数学 Mathematics根底数学 Fundamental Mathematics计算数学 Computational Mathematics概率论与数理统计 Probability and Mathematical Statistics应用数学 Applied mathematics运筹学与控制论 Operational Research and Cyberics物理学 Physics理论物理 Theoretical Physics粒子物理与原子核物理 Particle Physics and Nuclear Physics原子与分子物理 Atomic and Molecular Physics等离子体物理 Plasma Physics凝聚态物理 Condensed Matter Physics声学 Acoustics光学 Optics无线电物理 Radio Physics化学 Chemistry无机化学 Inorganic Chemistry分析化学 Analytical Chemistry有机化学 Organic Chemistry物理化学(含化学物理) Physical Chemistry (including Chemical Physics)高分子化学与物理 Chemistry and Physics of Polymers天文学 Astronomy天体物理 Astrophysics天体测量与天体力学 Astrometry and Celestial Mechanics 地理学 Geography自然地理学 Physical Geography人文地理学 Human Geography地图学与地理信息系统 Cartography and Geography Information System大气科学 Atmospheric Sciences气象学 Meteorology大气物理学与大气环境 Atmospheric Physics and Atmospheric Environment海洋科学 Marine Sciences物理海洋学 Physical Oceanography海洋化学 Marine Chemistry海洋生理学 Marine Biology海洋地质学 Marine Geology地球物理学 Geophysics固体地球物理学 Solid Earth Physics空间物理学 Space Physics地质学 Geology矿物学、岩石学、矿床学 Mineralogy, Petrology, Mineral Deposit Geology地球化学 Geochemistry古生物学与地层学(含古人类学) Paleontology and Stratigraphy (includingPaleoanthropology)构造地质学 Structural Geology第四纪地质学 Quaternary Geology生物学 Biology植物学 Botany动物学 Zoology生理学 Physiology水生生物学 Hydrobiology微生物学 Microbiology神经生物学 Neurobiology遗传学 Geics发育生物学 Developmental Biology细胞生物学 Cell Biology生物化学与分子生物学 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology。

各个学科英文单词

各个学科英文单词

最新各个学科的英文单词中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称哲学 Philosophy哲学 Philosophy马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Marxism 中国哲学Chinese Philosophy外国哲学Foreign Philosophies逻辑学Logic伦理学Ethics美学 Aesthetics宗教课Science of Religion科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology西方经济学Western Economics世界经济World Economics人口、资源与环境经济学Population,ResourcesandEnvironmental Economics应用经济学Applied Economics公民经济学National Economics经济学Economics理论经济学Theoretical Economics政治经济学Political Economy经济思想史History of Economic Thought经济史History of Economic地区经济学Regional Economics财政学 (含税收学 ) Public Finance (including Taxation)金融学 (含保险学 ) Finance (including Insurance)家产经济学Industrial Economics国际贸易学International Trade劳动经济学Labor Economics统计学Statistics数目经济学Quantitative Economics中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称国防经济学National Defense Economics法学 Law法学 Science of Law法学理论Jurisprudence法律史Legal History宪法学与行政法学Constitutional Law and Administrative Law刑法学Criminal Jurisprudence民商法学 ( 含劳动法学、社会保障法学 ) Civil Law and Commercial Law (including Science of Labour Law and Science of Social Security Law )诉讼法学Science of Procedure Laws经济法学Science of Economic Law环境与资源保护法学Science of Environment and NaturalResources Protection Law国际法学(含国际公法学、国际私法学、国际经济法学、) International law (including International Public law, International Private Law and International Economic Law)军事法学Science of Military Law政治学Political Science政治学理论Political Theory中外政治制度Chinese and Foreign Political Institution科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动Scientific Socialism and InternationalCommunist Movement中共党史 (含党的学说与党的建设 ) History of the Communist Party of China(including the Doctrine of China Party and Party Building)马克思主义理论与思想政治教育Education of Marxist Theory and Education in Ideology and Politics国际政治学International Politics国际关系学International Relations外交学Diplomacy社会学Sociology社会学Sociology人口学Demography人类学Anthropology风俗学 (含中公大众文学) Folklore (including Chinese Folk Literature)民族学Ethnology民族学Ethnology马克思主义民族理论与政策Marxist Ethnic Theory and Policy中国少量民族经济Chinese Ethnic Economics中国少量民族史Chinese Ethnic History中国少量民族艺术Chinese Ethnic Art教育学Education教育学Education Science教育学原理Educational Principle课程与教课论Curriculum and Teaching Methodology教育史History of Education比较教育学Comparative Education学前教育学Pre-school Education高等教育学Higher Education成人教育学Adult Education职业技术教育学Vocational and Technical Education特别教育学Special Education教育技术学Education Technology心理学Psychology根基心理学Basic Psychology展开与心理学Developmental and Educational Psychology 应专心理学Applied Psychology体育学Science of Physical Culture and Sports体育人文社会学Humane and Sociological Science of Sports运感人体科学Human Movement Science体育教育训练学Theory of Sports Pedagogy and Training民族传统体育学Science of Ethnic Traditional Sports文学 Literature中国语言文学Chinese Literature文艺学Theory of Literature and Art语言学及应用语言学Linguistics and Applied Linguistics汉语言文字学Chinese Philology中国古典文件学Study of Chinese Classical Text中国古代文学Ancient Chinese Literature中国现当代文学M odern and Contemporary Chinese Literature中国少量民族语言文学Chinese Ethnic Language andLiterature比较文学与世界文学Comparative Literature and World Literature外国语言文学Foreign Languages and Literatures英语语言文学English Language and Literature俄语语言文学Russian Language and Literature法语语言文学French Language and Literature德语语言文学German Language and Literature日语语言文学Japanese Language and Literature印度语言文学Indian Language and Literature西班牙语语言文学Spanish Language and Literature阿拉伯语语言文学Arabic Language and Literature欧洲语言文学European Language and Literature亚非语言文学Asian-African Language and Literature外国语言学及应用语言学L inguistics and Applied Linguistics inForeign Languages新闻流传学Journalism and Communication新闻学Journalism流传学Communication艺术学Art艺术学Art Theory音乐学Music美术学Fine Arts设计艺术学Artistic Design戏剧戏曲学Theater and Chinese Traditional Opera 电影学Film播放电视艺术学Radio and television Art舞蹈学Dance历史学History历史学History史学理论及史学史Historical Theories and History of Historical Science考古学及博物馆学Archaeology and Museology历史地理学Historical Geography历史文件学 ( 含敦煌学、古文字学 ) Studies of Historical Literature (includingPaleography and Studies of Dunhuang)特意史History of Particular Subjects中国古代史Ancient Chinese History中国近现代史Modern and Contemporary 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信息论与编码理论中的英文单词和短语

信息论与编码理论中的英文单词和短语

信息论与编码理论中的英文单词和短语读书破万卷下笔如有神信息论与编码理论bits (binary digits)比natural digits自然entropy function熵函数Theories ofInformationprobability vector可能向conditional entropy条件熵and Codingdiscrete memory channel离散记忆信transition probability过渡可能性output产marginal distritution边际分布介绍第一章mutual information互信heuristic启发joint entropy联合熵Introduction Chapter 1 Venn diagram维恩Markov chain马尔可夫链information theory信息definite function限定函coding theory编码理tandem串emit发data-processing configuration数据过程配bit字convex combination凸组binary二进manipulation操binary symmetric source二进制对称shorthand速记binary symmetric channel二进制对称信communication system通信系统raw bit error probability 原始字节错误率continuous source outputs 连续信息输出encode编码coder 编码员bit error probability 字节错误率map 映射noise 噪音destination目标redundant 冗余data-processing theorem 数据过程定理cross check 相互校验discrete quantization 离散量化codding algorithm 编码算法refinement /精炼改进error pattern 错误模式density密度synthesis 综合mean value theorem 中值定理Hamming code汉明码superficial resemblance 表面相似single-error-correcting code 单独错误校正码mesh网格rate速率differential entropy 微分熵binary entropy function 二进制熵函数Jensen inequality 琴生不等式capacity能量determinate channel确定信道channel coding theory信道编码理论第二章信息理论Information TheoryChapter 2读书破万卷下笔如有神第三章离散无记忆信第四章离散无记忆信源和扭曲道和容量成本率方程方程Chapter 4 Discrete DiscreteMemoryless Sources and Memory less Channels Chapter 3their Rate-Distortion Equations and their Capacity-Cost Equationssource alphabetinput sign system源字母输入符号系discrete memoryless sourcesoutput sign system输出符号系离散无记忆信source statisticsimagine想统计object signmemoryless assumption目标符无记忆假distortionaverage cost平均成扭distortion measurecapacity-cost equation扭曲容量成本方average distortiontest-source平均扭验证源test channeln-dimensional admissible test sources维容许验证测试通distortion rate扭曲admissible cost容许成source coding theorem源编码定r-symmetry对backwards test channel向后测试通道rate of system系统比率Hamming distortion measure 哈莫名扭曲度rates above channel capacity 超过信道容量率error probability distortion rate 错误扭曲率length 长data-compression theorem 数据压缩定理bits per symbol 每个符号的比特destination symbols 目的符号decoding rule 编码规则data compression scheme 数据压缩系统distinct code 区别代码penalty function 罚函数indicator function 指示函数unrestricted sum 无限制和random coding 随机编码inner sum内部和expected value期望值weak law of large numbers 弱大数定律decoding sphere 编码范围第五章高斯信道和信源Chapter 5 Gaussian Channel and Sourcevoltage 伏特transmit 传送signal信号．读书破万卷下笔如有神source statisticswatts信源统rate of transmissiondissipate传送耗conflictjoule焦冲source-channel coding theoremwhite Gaussian noise process白高斯噪声过理noise spectral density噪声错误密data-processing theorem数据传输定bandwidth带intermediate vector中间向band-limited波段限worst-case distortion最坏扭power-limited功率限per-symbol basis每个符号基n-th capacity-cost function项容量成decomposition分函transmitted codingsquared-error传送编平方错affordoinkoverallcapacity-costfunction总的容量成本负density数噪声密tradeoff交arithmetic-geometric average value几何均算realizable region可实现区Gaussiandiscrete-timememoryless离散时间无记standpoint观点source高斯信源mean-squared error criterion第一部分访问gaussion distribution 高斯分布per-symbol均值平方错误标准第七章Gaussiansource高斯信源每个符先进标题per-symbol mean-squared distortion号均值平方扭曲Chapter 7 Survey of Advanced Topics for 信道编码第六章信源-Part One理论twin pearls孪生珍珠finite Abelian commutative group有限阿贝尔交换群Source-Channel Coding Theory Chapter 6 ergodic random process各态经历随机过程information source 信息源entropy熵noisy source 噪声源additive ergodic noise channel添加各态噪音信data processing 道数据处理asymptotic average property quantization 量子化渐进线均分性质Gaussian process modulation 高斯过程调节multiterminal channel successive block多终端信道连续块feedback emit channel output symbols反馈发出信道输出符号seeder 发送人one-to-one correspondence 一对一通信receiver接受人test source 实验来源multi-access channel 多通道信道source sequence 信源序列erasure symbol 擦掉符号destination sequence 目的序列contradiction矛盾读书破万卷下笔如有神rate比率practical standpoint实际观broadcast channel广播信generator matrix生成矩capacity region容量区row space行空high degree of symmetry 高对称parity-check matrix奇偶校验矩test sources测试信canonical form规范形input signal channel输入符号信error pattern错误模global maximum全局最coset傍additive ergodic noise添加各态噪symmetric channel对称信reliability exponent of channel信道的可靠性Hamming wight汉明table lookupcritical rate关键表格查standard arraylinear code线性标准排italicizedtime-varying convolutional强时间改变卷积metric spaceencoder-channel-decoder度量空编信译Hamming distanceouter channel汉明距外部信interectinner code内部编穿minimum weightouter code最小权外部编single-error-correctingweak converse弱颠单错误校perfect codesstrong converse强颠完全repetition codesterm术重复binary Hamming codesrate of transmission二进制汉明传输detecterror exponent错误指检e-correctingstrong similarity电子校强近H-detectingrather duality选择两重检Fparity-check matrixdistortion rate theory扭曲率理类似校验矩double-error-detectingsource coding method源编码双错误检weight enumeratorsingle-letter distortion measure单字母扭曲度权重计数homomorphismimplication含同multiplicative groupconfiguration轮趋于增加组indeterminate error probability 错误可能性不确定half-plane bound 半平面界reception接待discrete-time stable离散时间稳定高第九章循环码斯信源stable Gaussian sequence 稳定高斯序列spectral density 谱密度Chapter 9 Cyclic Codes tree codes树码burst errors突发性错误definition of innocuous-appearing 表面无害定理cyclic shift 循环位移第八章线性码trivial cyclic 一般循环no-information code无信息码Linear codesChapter 8读书破万卷下笔如有神depth-3 interleavingsingle-parity-check code单等价校验度交interleaving operationno-equivalent code无等价交错操elaborate algorithmright cyclic shift右循环位复杂算Fire codegenerating function法尔母函Fire constructiongenerator polynomial法尔结生成多项burst-trapping algorithmreciprocal爆发阻塞算互惠burst-error-correcting codecyclic property爆发错误校正循环性decomposition分left-justified左对transmitted codeword传送编trap陷阱，阻shift-register encoder转换登记编burst-error pattern爆发错误模flip-flops adders突变加法Meggitt lemma米戈蒂引constant multipliers常数乘法shift-register切换显delay延circuit环impulse response脉冲响leftmost flip-flop y香最左面的突state vector状态向量state polynomial 状态多项式input stream 输入流reverse order 反顺序第十章农码和相关linear recursion 线性递归rightmost flip-flop 最右面的突变的码mod-2 adder 模2加法器cyclic 循环two-field二域Chapter 10 Shannon Codes and Related primitive polynomial 原始多项式Codes decoding cycle 译码循环circular journey 循环旅程Shannon code香农码lower shift register 低位移寄存器Vandermonde determinant theory范德蒙德行列式burst-error-correcting 突发错误校正理论pattern 模式original parity-check matrix 初始相同检验矩burst description 突发描述阵location 位置minimal polynomial 最小多项式ambiguity 含糊不清key equation关键方程zero run零操作discrete Fourier transform 离散傅里叶变换burst-error correcting code 突发错误校正码time-domain 时间领域Abramson bounds 阿布拉门逊界frequency-domain 频数领域strict Abramson bound严格阿布拉门逊subtlety 细致界time shift 时间转换weak Abramson bound 弱阿布拉门逊界phase shift 相位转换Reiger bound Reiger界support set 支撑集合loose松散evaluator polynomial 评估多项式Abramson code 阿布拉门逊码formal derivative规范派生interleaving 交错frequency-domain recursion 频数主导递归De-interleaving交错De读书破万卷下笔如有神frequency-domainsubscript下频数Golay codelocator polynomial戈莱定位多项extended Golay codeerror pattern扩展戈莱错误模byte implementationtwisted error pattern字节工扭曲错误模table loopreduced mode表复原模error location错误定位error-evaluator polynomial 错误评估多项式Euclid algorithm 欧几里得算法第十一章卷积码quotient 份额facilitate促进time-domain approach 时间主导方法Chapter 11 Convolution Codes error-locator 错误定位器trial and error 试错法matrix polynomial矩阵多项pseudocode fragment伪码片shift-register approach转移登记方recursion递scalar matrix纯量矩abnormal反state-diagram approach状态图方elaborate theory复杂理memory记忆，内multiple-error-correcting linear code多倍错误校正constraint length约束长性k-tudecode character代码字L-th section截平maximum-distance separable codes最大距离可分state-diagram状态interpolation property插值法性track轨道，足information set信息集trellis diagram格子interpolation algorithm插值算survivors幸存recursive completion递归结Viterbi decoding algorithm维特比译码算pseudocode伪path weight enumerator路权重concatenated coding 连锁elaborate labels复杂burst-error-correction爆发错误校complete path enumerator完全路径depict描error events错误时间unfactor 非因子first error probability 最早错误可能性flaw缺陷bit error probability 比特错误可能性erasure symbol 擦掉符号free distance自由距离transmitted symbol 传递符号sequential decoding algorithm 连续译码算法enlarge扩大tree diagram 树形图minimum-distance decoding 最小距离译码binary tree 二进制树erasure set擦除集合bifurcation 分枝erasure-location polynomial擦除位置多项式abandoned 抛弃errors and erasures-locator-polynomial错误擦除位置多stack algorithm 栈算法项式Fano algorithm 法诺算法errors-and-erasures-evaluator 错误擦除评估多different lengths 差异长度polynomial项式flowchart流程图modified syndrome polynomial 修正综合多项式polynomial multiplication多项式乘法．读书破万卷下笔如有神第十二章变量长度源编码Chapter 12 Variable-length Source Codingmethod of variable-length source 变量长度源编码coding法string of length k 长度串kempty string 空字符串substring子串。

管理学常用英文单词

管理学常用英文单词

Aaccess discrimination 进入歧视action research 动作研究adjourning 解散adhocracy 特别结构administrative principle 管理原则artifacts 人工环境artificial intelligence 人工智能工巧匠avoiding learning 规避性学习ambidextrous approach 双管齐下策略Bbalance sheet 资产负债表BCG matrix 波士顿咨询集团矩阵bona fide occupation qualifications 善意职业资格审查bounded rationality 有限理性bureaucracy 官僚机构benchmarking 标杆瞄准bounded rationality perspective 有限理性方法boundary—spanning roles 跨超边界作用CComputer—aided design and computer—automated manufacturing(CAD/CAM）计算机辅助设计与计算机自动生产confrontation 对话consortia 企业联合change agent 变革促进者chaos theory 混沌理论charismatic leaders 魅力型领导者charity principle 博爱原则coercive power 强制权cohesiveness 凝聚力collaborative management 合作型管理comparable worth 可比较价值competitive benchmarking 竞争性基准confrontation meeting 碰头会constancy of purpose 永久性目标contingency approach 权变理论corporate social performance 公司社会表现corporate social responsibility公司社会责任corporate social responsiveness公司社会反应critical incident 关键事件current assets 流动资产current liabilities 流动负债culture strength 文化强度creative department 创造性部门craft technology 技艺性技术contextual dimension 关联性维度continuous process production 连续加工生产collectivity stage 集体化阶段clan control 小团体控制clan culture 小团体文化coalition 联合团体collaborative 协作网络centrality 集中性centraliazation 集权化charismatic authority 竭尽忠诚的权力Ddecentralization 分权democracy management 民主管理departmentalization 部门化differential rate system 差别报酬系统dialectical inquiry methods 辩证探求法division of labor 劳动分工downward mobility 降职流动dynamic engagement 动态融合dynamic network 动态网络domain 领域direct interlock 直接交叉divisional form 事业部模式differentiation strategy 差别化战略decision premise 决策前提dual—core approach 二元核心模式Eelectronic data—processing（EDP）电子数据处理employee—oriented style 员工导向型风格empowerment 授权encoding 解码end—user computing 终端用户计算系统entrepreneurship 企业家精神equity 净资产equity theory 公平理论espoused value 信仰价值ethnocentric manager 种族主义的管理者expectancy theory 期望理论expense budget 支出预算expense center 费用中心external audit 外部审计external stakeholders 外部利益相关者extrinsic rewards 外部奖励ethic ombudsperson 伦理巡视官external adaption 外部适应性elaboration stage 精细阶段entrepreneurial stage 创业阶段escalating commitment 顽固认同Ffamily group 家庭集团financial statement 财务报表flat hierarchies 扁平型结构flexible budget 弹性预算force—field theory 场力理论formal authority 合法权力formal systematic appraisal 正式的系统评估franchise 特许经营权formalization stage 规范化阶段functional grouping 职能组合formal channel of communication 正式沟通渠道Ggame theory 博弈论general financial condition 一般财务状况geocentric manager 全球化管理者general manager 总经理globalization 全球化gossip chain 传言链grapevine 传言网global strategic partnership 全球战略伙伴关系general environment 一般环境generalist 全面战略geographic grouping 区域组合global company 全球公司global geographic structure 全球区域结构HHawthorne effect 霍桑效应heuristic principles 启发性原理hierarchy 科层制度hiring specification 招聘细则horizontal linkage model 横向联系模型hybrid structure 混合结构high tech 高接触high—velocity environments 高倍速环境Iimpoverished management 放任式管理Iincome statement 损益表information transformation 信息转换infrastructure 基础设施integrative process 整合过程intelligent enterprises 智力企业internal audit 内部审计internal stakeholder 内部相关者internship 实习intrapreneurship 内部企业家精神intrinsic reward 内在报酬inventory 库存，存货internal integration 内部整合interorganization relationship 组织间的关系intergroup conflict 团体间冲突interlocking directorate 交叉董事会institutional perspective 机构的观点intuitive decision making 直觉决策idea champion 构思倡导者incremental change 渐进式变革informal organizational structure 非正式组织结构informal performance appraisal 非正式业绩评价Jjob description 职务描述job design 职务设计job enlargement 职务扩大化job enrichment 职务丰富化job rotation 职务轮换job specialization 职务专业化Kkey performance areas 关键业务区key result areas 关键绩效区Llabor productivity index 劳动生产力指数laissez management 自由化管理large batch production 大批量生产lateral communication 横向沟通leadership style 领导风格least preferred co—worker(LPC）最不喜欢的同事legitimate power 合法权力liability 负债liaison 联络者line authority 直线职权liquidity 流动性liaison role 联络员角色long—linked technology 纵向关联技术losses from conflict 冲突带来的损失low—cost leadership 低成本领先Mmanagement by objective 目标管理Managerial Grid 管理方格matrix bosses 矩阵主管management champion 管理倡导者materials—requirements planning（MRP）物料需求计划Mslow,s hierarchy of needs 马斯洛需求层次论marketing argument 管理文化多元化营销观multiculturalism 文化多元主义multidivisional firm 多部门公司moral rules 道德准则management by walking around（MBWA）走动式管理matrix structure 矩阵结构multinational enterprise（MNE）跨国公司moral relativism 道德相对主义mechanistic system 机械式组织middle—of-the—road management 中庸式管理meso theory 常态理论multidomestic strategy 多国化战略mediating technology 调停技术Nnaïve relativism 朴素相对主义need—achievement 成就需要norming 规范化norms 规范nonprogrammed decisions 非程序化决策nonsubstitutability 非替代性nonroutine technology 非例行技术niche 领地Ooff—the—job training 脱产培训on—the—job training 在职培训operational budget 运营预算order backlog 订单储备organic system 有机系统organizational development（OD）组织发展orientation 定位outcome interdependence 结果的相互依赖性outplacement services 外延服务organization ecosystem 组织生态系统Pparadox of authority 权威的矛盾paradox of creativity 创造力的矛盾paradox of disclosure 开放的矛盾paradox of identify 身份的矛盾paradox of individuality 个性的矛盾paradox of regression 回归的矛盾partial productivity 部分生产率participative management 参与式管理path—goal model 路径目标模型peer recruiter 同级招聘political action committees(PACs）政治活动委员会polycentric manager 多中心管理者portfolio framework 业务组合框架portfolio investment 资产组合投资positive reinforcement 正强化production flexibility 生产柔性profitability 收益率programmed decisions 程序化决策psychoanalytic view 精神分析法paradigm 范式personal ratios 人员比例pooled dependence 集合性依存professional bureaucracy 专业官僚机构problem identification 问题识别problemistic search 问题搜寻population ecology model 种群生态模型Qquality 质量quality circle 质量圈question mark 问题类市场quid pro quo 交换物Rrational model of decision making 理性决策模式realistic job preview（RJP）实际工作预览reciprocal interdependence 相互依存性resource dependence 资源依赖理论routine technology 例行技术retention 保留rational approach 理性方法rational model 理性模型rational—legal authority 理性—合法权威Ssemivariable cost 准可变成本sense of potency 力量感sensitivity training 敏感性训练sexual harassment 性骚扰short-run capacity changes 短期生产能力变化single-strand chain 单向传言链situational approach 情境方法situational force 情境力量situational leadership theory 情境领导理论sliding-scale budget 移动规模预算small-batch production 小规模生产sociotechnical approaches 社会科技方法span of management 管理幅度staff authority 参谋职权standing plan 长设计划step budget 分步预算stewardship principle 管家原则stimulus 刺激storming 调整阶段strategic management 战略管理strategic partnering 战略伙伴关系strategy formulation 战略制定strategy implementation 战略实施strategic control 战略控制strategic contingencies 战略权变satisficing 满意度subsystems 子系统subunits 子单位synergy 协同system boundary 系统边界structure dimension 结构性维度sequential interdependence 序列性依存self—directed team 自我管理型团队specialist 专门战略strategy and structure changes 战略与结构变革symptoms of structural deficiency 结构无效的特征Ttall hierarchies 高长型科层结构task force or project team 任务小组或项目团队task independence 任务的内部依赖性task management 任务型管理task-oriented style 任务导向型管理风格total productivity 全部生产率Total Quality Management 全面质量管理training positions 挂职培训training program 培训程序transactional leaders 交易型领导transformational leaders 变革型领导treatment discrimination 歧视待遇two-factory theory 双因素理论two—boss employees 双重主管员工technical or product champion 技术或产品的倡导者Uunfreezing 解冻unit production 单位产品Vvariation 变种子variety 变量valence 效价variable costs 可变成本vertical communication 纵向沟通vertical integration 纵向一体化vestibule training 仿真培训volume flexibility 产量的可伸缩性vertical linkage 纵向连接venture team 风险团队value based leadership 基于价值的领导Wwin—lose situation 输赢情境win-win situation 双赢情境workforce literacy 员工的读写能力work in progress 在制品work flow redesign 工作流程再造成work flow automation 工作流程自动化whistle blowing 揭发Zzero-sum 零—-—和zone of indifference（area of acceptance）无差异区域（可接受区域）。

心理学专业英语单词

心理学专业英语单词

心理学专业英语单词心理学（Psychology）是一门涵盖广泛，理论丰富，且与日常生活息息相关的学科。

本文将列举一些心理学专业中常见的英语单词，以便读者能更好地理解和应用这一学科。

1、Conditioning（条件反射）：这是一种通过建立刺激和反应之间的来形成新的行为模式的过程。

2、Emotional Intelligence（情绪智力）：指个体感知、理解、管理和表达自己及他人情绪的能力。

3、Id（潜意识）：弗洛伊德心理学理论中的一个概念，指那些被压抑的欲望和本能。

4、Superego（超我）：也是弗洛伊德心理学理论中的一个概念，指由父母和社会规范塑造的道德和良知。

5、Defense Mechanism（防御机制）：指个体在面对压力或焦虑时，无意识采用的自我保护策略。

6、Humanistic Theory（人本主义理论）：该理论强调人的主观性、自我实现和意义建构。

7、Behaviorism（行为主义）：该理论强调可观察的行为是心理学研究的合适对象。

8、Cognitive Behavioral Therapy（认知行为疗法）：一种心理治疗方法，帮助个体识别和改变其消极的思维模式和行为习惯。

9、Psychodynamic Theory（精神分析理论）：一种心理学的理论框架，强调潜意识和动机在人类行为中的决定作用。

10、Social Learning Theory（社会学习理论）：该理论强调观察和模仿他人行为以获得新的行为模式。

以上仅是心理学专业英语单词的一部分，但通过理解和运用这些词汇，我们可以更好地理解和探索人类心理的奥秘。

电气专业英语单词在电气领域，英语单词的应用是非常重要的。

它不仅是一种语言工具，更是国际交流和知识共享的基础。

以下是一些电气专业英语单词的示例，这些词汇在日常工作中非常常见。

1、Voltage（电压）：在电路中，电压是电位差，它驱动电流流动。

通常用伏特（V）表示。

2、Current（电流）：流动的电荷称为电流。

中医基础理论英文单词

中医基础理论英文单词

每日单词1。

学科【中医基础理论】2017—3—21中药Chinese materia medica [mə'tɪərɪr]中药学Chinese materia medica中医药traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacology ［fɑrməˈkɑlədʒɪ］中西医结合integration of traditional and western medicine方剂学prescriptions of Chinesemateria medica中医皮肤科学dermatology of TCM ［，dɝmə'tɑlədʒi］中医肛肠科学proctology of TCM [prɑk'tɑlədʒi]中医妇科学gynecology of TCM [，gaɪnə’kɑlədʒi]中医儿科学pediatrics of TCM[，pidi’ætrɪks]中医眼科学ophthalmology of TCM [，ɑfθæl'mɑlədʒi］中医耳鼻喉科学otorhinolaryngology of TCM [，oto,raɪno，lærɪŋ’ɡɑlədʒi]中医骨伤科学osteology and traumatology of TCM ［，ɑstɪ'ɑlədʒi］［，traʊmə'tɑlədʒi］中医急诊学science of emergentology of TCM针灸学science of acupuncture and moxibustion of TCM中医推拿学science of tuina of traditional Chinese medicine中医养生学science of preservation of traditional Chinese medicine中医康复学science of rehabilitation of traditional Chinese medicine中医护理学science of nursery of traditionalChinese medicine温病学science of epidemic febrile disease of TCM ［'fibraɪl］药用植物学pharmaceutical botany [，fɑrmə'sutɪkl]【中医基础理论】2017—3-22中药化学 chemistry of Chinese materia medica中药药理学pharmacology of Chinese materia medica中药鉴别学identification of Chinese materia medica中药炮制学science of processing Chinese materia medica中药药剂学pharmacy of Chinese materia medica中药制剂分析analysising drug form of Chinese materia medica中国医学史Chinese medical history中医文献学Chinese medical literature中医各家学说theories of schools of traditional Chinese medicine医案medical record国家中医药管理局State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine中华中医药学会China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy世界针灸学会联合会The World Federation of Acupuncture—Moxibustion Societies中国针灸学会China Association of Acupuncture and Moxibustion中国中西医结合学会Chinese Association of the Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine 中国民族医药学会Chinese Association of Minority Medicine阳生阴长：yin growing while yang generating阳杀阴藏:yin concealing while yang declined阴静阳躁：static yin and dynamic yang阳化气，阴成形：yang transforming qi while yin constituting form【中医基础理论】2017—3-23阴阳平衡：yin—yang balance阴阳调和：yin-yang harmony阴阳交感：interaction of Yin and Yang阴阳自和：spontaneous harmonization of yin and yang阴阳对立：opposition of yin and yang阴阳互根：interdependence of Yin and Yang阴阳消长:mutual consuming of Yin and Yang阴阳转化:Inter-transformation of Yin and Yang阴阳互根：mutual rooting of Yin and Yang阴生于阳:Yin originating from yang阳生于阴:yang originating from Yin孤阳不生：solitary yang failing to grow独阴不长：solitary yin failing to develop阴偏盛：Preponderance （Excess）of Yin阳偏盛：Preponderance (Excess）of Yang[prɪ’pɑndərəns]阴偏衰：Weakness （Deficiency) of Yin阳偏衰:Weakness (Deficiency) of Yang重阴必阳：extreme yin turning into yang重阳必阴:extreme yang turning into yin阴平阳秘，精神乃治：when yin is at peace and yang is compact essence-spirit is normal阴阳离决，精气乃绝：when yin and yang separate，essential qi expires【中医基础理论】2017—3—24阴阳偏盛:preponderance of yin or yang阴阳两虚：Dual deficiency of yin and yang阴虚阳亢：Yin deficiency with yang hyperactivity阴盛阳衰：Exuberance of yin with decline of yang［ɪg’zjʊbərəns］亡阴亡阳：yin collapse；yang exhaustion阳胜则阴病：when yang prevails，yin ails阴胜则阳病：when yin prevails, yang ails阴阳失调：yin-yang disharmony阳损及阴：yang impairment affects yin阴阳乖戾:yin-yang perversion阴阳胜复：Alternative preponderance of yin and yang阴竭阳脱：Yin exhaustion and yang collapse阴盛格阳:exuberant yin repelling yang阳胜则热：excess of yang causing heat；exuberance of yang leads to heat阴盛阳衰：exuberance of yin with decline of yang阴阳俱损：simultaneous consumption of yin and yang扶阳退阴：strengthening yang to reduce yin滋阴抑阳:enrich yin and repressing yang阳中求阴：seek yin from yang阳病治阴:Treating yang disease from yin【中医基础理论】2017-3-25阴阳平衡：balance of yin and yang; Yin—yang balance; balance between yin and yang阴平阳秘：Yin is even （steady) and yang is sound （firm).阴阳失调:disharmony of yin and yang; imbalance of yin and yang阴阳调和：Harmony of yin and yang调和肝胃：Harmonizing the liver and stomach水曰润下：Water characterized by moistening and descending火曰炎上：Fire characterized by flaring up木曰曲直:Wood characterized by bending and straightening金曰从革：Metal characterized by changing土爰稼穑：Earth characterized by sowing and reaping木克土，土生金，金克木：Wood controls Earth，but Earth generates Metal, which controls Wood 母病及子:disease of the mother affects the child子病及母：disease of the child affects the mother子盗母气：child stealing the mother’s qi【中医基础理论】2017-3-28虚则补其母：deficiency is treated by supplementing the mother实则泻其子:excess is treated by draining the child补母泻子：supplementing the mother and draining the child滋水涵木：replenishing water to nourish wood培土生金：reinforcing earth to generate metal益火补土：tonifying fire to supplement earth金水相生：mutual generation between metal and water抑强扶弱：restrain the powerful and help the weak抑木扶土：inhibiting wood and strengthening earth培土制水：cultivating earth to control water佐金平木：assisting metal and calming wood泻南补北：purging the south （fire) and nourishing the north （water)精：Essence【中医基础理论】2017—3—29三宝:three treasures先天之精：prenatal/innate essence [,pri’netl］后天之精:postnatal/acquired essence脏腑之精：essence of the bowels and viscera［’vɪsərə]生殖之精：reproductive essence水谷之精：essence of grain and water推动作用:Propelling温煦作用：Warming防御作用：Protecting固摄作用：Fixating [’fɪkset]气化作用：Qi—transforming气机:qi movement气化：qi transformation升：upward movement / ascending降：downward movement / descending出：Outward / going out入：inward / coming in【中医基础理论】2017—3—30元气：primary qi / genuine qi （most essential qi in the body）宗气：pectoral qi；ancestral qi （it accumulates in the chest）[’pɛktərəl] 营气:nutrient qi (forms blood to nourish body)卫气：defensive qi；protective真气：genuine qi正气：healthy qi；normal qi中气：middle qi藏象viscera manifestation肾间动气：stirring qi of the kidney region心主血：the heart governs the blood肝藏血：the liver stores the blood脾统血：the spleen manages the blood津：thin fluid/fluid liquid液：thick fluid/liquid humor五液：five humors;visceral humor2017—3-31汗：sweat泪：tears涕：snivel美['snɪvl]涎:drool; thinner saliva［drul］［sə'laɪvə]唾：spittle; thicker saliva[’spɪtl]气为血之帅：qi is the commander of the blood血为气之母：blood is the mother of qi精血同源：essence and blood are of the same source津血同源：liquid and blood are of the same source神：Mind魂：Ethereal Soul［ɪ'θɪrɪəl］魄：Corporeal Soul［kɔr’pɔrɪəl］意：Intellect志：Will-power五脏：five viscera六腑:six bowels奇恒之府:extraordinary organs【中医基础理论】2017—4-1心主血脉：It governs Blood ＆vessels心藏神：It houses the Mind其华在面：It manifests in the complexion开窍于舌：It opens into the tongue在志为喜：It is related to joy在液为汗：It controls sweat君主之官monarch organ主血脉governing blood and vessels主藏神storing spirit主通明governing smoothness and brightness肺为娇脏：delicate viscus主宣发与肃降:They control diffusing and descending of Qi and Body Fluids主气司呼吸：They govern Qi and respiration主通调水道：They regulate Water passages朝百脉，主治节：They control channels and blood vessels，and regulate all physiological activities 在体合皮：They control the skin其华在毛：They manifest in the body hair开窍为鼻：They open into the nose在液为涕：The control nasal mucus在神为魄：They house the Corporeal Soul在志为忧（悲）：They are affected by worry，grief and sadness【中医基础理论】2017—4-2脾气主升：It controls the ascending of Qi喜燥恶湿：likes dryness and is averse to dampness主运化：It governs transformation and transportation主统血:It controls the Blood在体合肉，主四肢:It controls the muscles and the four limbs在窍为口，其华在唇：It opens into the mouth and manifests in the lips在液为涎：It controls saliva脾舍意：It houses the Intellect在志为思:It is affected by pensiveness肝为刚脏：liver is the unyielding viscus肝主升发：liver governs upbearing and effusion主疏泄：It ensures the smooth flow of Qi主藏血：It stores Blood在体合筋：It controls the sinews其华在爪：It manifests in the nails在窍为目：It opens into the eyes在液为泪：It controls tears肝舍魂:It houses the Ethereal Soul在志为怒：It is affected by anger【中医基础理论】2017-4—3藏精，主生长发育与生殖：Store Essence and govern birth, growth，reproduction and development 主水：Govern Water主纳气：Control the reception of Qi在体合骨，生髓：Produce Marrow，fill up the brain and control bones在窍为耳及二阴：Open into the ears ＆the two lower orifices['ɔrəfɪsɪz]其华在发:Manifest in the hair在液为唾：Control spittle［'spɪtl]肾舍志:House the Will-power肾主命门：Control the Gate of Life （Minister Fire）The Gallbladder贮藏和排泄胆汁：It stores and excretes bile [ɪk’skrit] ［baɪl]主决断：It controls decisiveness［dɪ’saɪsɪvnəs］The Stomach后天之气之根:Root of Post-Heaven Qi水谷之海：the Sea of water and grains主通降：Controls the descending of Qi/free downflow喜润恶燥:likes moisture and is averse to dryness［’mɔɪstʃɚ］主受纳：Controls receiving / intake主腐熟水谷：Controls the rotting and ripening of food［'rɔtiŋ］［'raɪpən］太仓：Great Granary[’grænəri］【中医基础理论】2017—4-4The Small Intestine主受盛化物：controls receiving and transforming主泌别清浊：separates the clear and turbid［'tɝbɪd]The Large Intestine主传化糟粕：Controls passage and conduction//governs the conveyance and transformation of waste大肠主津：it governs fluids通行元气：It mobilizes the Original Qi运行水液：It controls the transportation and penetration of Qi［，pɛnɪ'treʃən］上焦如雾：The Upper Burner is like mist。

theoretical词根的词

theoretical词根的词

theoretical词根的词
"theoretical"一词源自希腊语词根 "theoretikos"，意为"关于观察或思考的"。

在英语中，这一词根被广泛应用于许多单词中，如"theory"（理论）、"theorize"（建立理论）、"theorist"（理论家）等。

这些单词都与思考、理论构建和学术研究相关。

在学术和科学领域，"theoretical"通常用来描述基于理论或假设的研究或分析，与实际观察或实验有所区别。

此外，"theoretical"还可以用来形容一些抽象概念或思想，强调其基于理论构建而非实际经验。

总的来说，"theoretical"一词及其词根在英语中被广泛运用，涵盖了许多与理论、思考和学术研究相关的领域和概念。

教师资格词汇积累

教师资格词汇积累

教师资格词汇积累教师资格考试是评估教师专业水平和教育教学能力的重要标准之一，词汇积累是考试准备的关键之一。

本文将为大家介绍一些常见的教师资格考试词汇，并提供一些有效的积累方法。

一、基础词汇1. 教育类词汇教育、教学、学生、师生关系、课程、教材、学习、评价等。

2. 教师职业类词汇教师、教育者、培养、指导、辅导、教育思想、教育法规等。

3. 学科类词汇语文、数学、英语、科学、历史、地理、化学、物理等。

二、教育理论词汇1. 学习理论认知理论、行为主义理论、建构主义理论、情感理论、社会学习理论等。

2. 教育心理学动机、兴趣、注意力、记忆、智力发展、情绪、个体差异、学习困难等。

3. 教学策略激发学习兴趣、启发式教学、问题解决、合作学习、抽象思维、创新思维等。

三、学科相关词汇1. 语文词语、句子、篇章、写作、阅读、修辞、作文、诗歌、散文、文言文等。

2. 数学数的运算、代数、几何、概率统计、函数、图像、问题解决等。

3. 英语单词、语法、听力、口语、阅读、写作、翻译、口译、文化、国际交流等。

4. 科学自然科学、生物学、化学、物理、地理、实验、科学探究、科学方法等。

四、教育法规词汇1. 教育法律法规教育法、义务教育法、中职教育法、高职教育法、中小学教师法、教育基本法等。

2. 学生权益保护学生权益、学校纪律、学生处分、校园欺凌、安全教育等。

3. 教育改革政策新课程改革、素质教育、终身教育、教育公平、教师发展等。

五、词汇积累方法1. 制定学习计划根据自己的时间安排和词汇量，制定合理的学习计划，并坚持执行。

2. 创造学习环境在学习过程中，创造一个良好的学习环境，可以提高学习效果。

3. 多读多听通过阅读教育类书籍、教材、文章等，以及听取教育相关的讲座、演讲等，扩大词汇量。

4. 记忆与运用运用词汇卡片、记忆法等工具，不断巩固和运用所学的词汇。

5. 参与相关讨论参与教育相关的讨论，与他人交流，提高思考能力和语言表达能力。

六、结语词汇积累是教师资格考试准备的重要环节，准确掌握词汇可以提高解题和应答的能力。

中医基础理论英文单词

中医基础理论英文单词

每日单词1.学科中医基础理论2017-3-21中药Chinese materia medica m'trr中药学Chinese materia medica中医药traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacology fɑrmkɑld中西医结合integration of traditional and western medicine方剂学prescriptions of Chinesemateria medica中医皮肤科学dermatology of TCM ,dm'tɑldi中医肛肠科学proctology of TCM prɑk'tɑldi中医妇科学gynecology of TCM ,gan'kɑldi中医儿科学pediatrics of TCM,pidi'trks中医眼科学ophthalmology of TCM ,ɑfθl'mɑldi中医耳鼻喉科学otorhinolaryngology of TCM ,oto,rano,lr'ɡɑldi中医骨伤科学osteology and traumatology of TCM ,ɑst'ɑldi ,tram'tɑldi中医急诊学science of emergentology of TCM针灸学science of acupuncture and moxibustion of TCM中医推拿学science of tuina of traditional Chinese medicine中医养生学science of preservation of traditional Chinese medicine中医康复学science of rehabilitation of traditional Chinese medicine中医护理学science of nursery of traditionalChinese medicine温病学science of epidemic febrile disease of TCM 'fibral药用植物学pharmaceutical botany ,fɑrm'sutkl中医基础理论2017-3-22中药化学 chemistry of Chinese materia medica中药药理学pharmacology of Chinese materia medica中药鉴别学identification of Chinese materia medica中药炮制学science of processing Chinese materia medica中药药剂学pharmacy of Chinese materia medica中药制剂分析analysising drug form of Chinese materia medica中国医学史Chinese medical history中医文献学Chinese medical literature中医各家学说theories of schools of traditional Chinese medicine医案medical record国家中医药管理局State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine中华中医药学会China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy世界针灸学会联合会The World Federation of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Societies中国针灸学会China Association of Acupuncture and Moxibustion中国中西医结合学会Chinese Association of the Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine 中国民族医药学会Chinese Association of Minority Medicine阳生阴长：yin growing while yang generating阳杀阴藏：yin concealing while yang declined阴静阳躁：static yin and dynamic yang阳化气,阴成形：yang transforming qi while yin constituting form中医基础理论2017-3-23阴阳平衡：yin-yang balance阴阳调和：yin-yang harmony阴阳交感：interaction of Yin and Yang阴阳自和：spontaneous harmonization of yin and yang阴阳对立：opposition of yin and yang阴阳互根：interdependence of Yin and Yang阴阳消长：mutual consuming of Yin and Yang阴阳转化：Inter-transformation of Yin and Yang阴阳互根：mutual rooting of Yin and Yang阴生于阳：Yin originating from yang阳生于阴：yang originating from Yin孤阳不生：solitary yang failing to grow独阴不长：solitary yin failing to develop阴偏盛：Preponderance Excess of Yin阳偏盛：Preponderance Excess of Yang pr'pɑndrns阴偏衰：Weakness Deficiency of Yin阳偏衰：Weakness Deficiency of Yang重阴必阳：extreme yin turning into yang重阳必阴：extreme yang turning into yin阴平阳秘,精神乃治：when yin is at peace and yang is compact essence-spirit is normal阴阳离决,精气乃绝：when yin and yang separate, essential qi expires中医基础理论2017-3-24阴阳偏盛：preponderance of yin or yang阴阳两虚：Dual deficiency of yin and yang阴虚阳亢：Yin deficiency with yang hyperactivity阴盛阳衰：Exuberance of yin with decline of yang g'zjbrns亡阴亡阳：yin collapse; yang exhaustion阳胜则阴病：when yang prevails, yin ails阴胜则阳病：when yin prevails, yang ails阴阳失调：yin-yang disharmony阳损及阴：yang impairment affects yin阴阳乖戾：yin-yang perversion阴阳胜复：Alternative preponderance of yin and yang阴竭阳脱：Yin exhaustion and yang collapse阴盛格阳：exuberant yin repelling yang阳胜则热：excess of yang causing heat; exuberance of yang leads to heat阴盛阳衰：exuberance of yin with decline of yang阴阳俱损：simultaneous consumption of yin and yang扶阳退阴：strengthening yang to reduce yin滋阴抑阳：enrich yin and repressing yang阳中求阴：seek yin from yang阳病治阴：Treating yang disease from yin中医基础理论2017-3-25阴阳平衡：balance of yin and yang; Yin-yang balance; balance between yin and yang阴平阳秘：Yin is even steady and yang is sound firm.阴阳失调：disharmony of yin and yang; imbalance of yin and yang阴阳调和：Harmony of yin and yang调和肝胃：Harmonizing the liver and stomach水曰润下：Water characterized by moistening and descending火曰炎上：Fire characterized by flaring up木曰曲直：Wood characterized by bending and straightening金曰从革：Metal characterized by changing土爰稼穑：Earth characterized by sowing and reaping木克土,土生金,金克木：Wood controls Earth, but Earth generates Metal, which controls Wood 母病及子：disease of the mother affects the child子病及母：disease of the child affects the mother子盗母气：child stealing the mother's qi中医基础理论2017-3-28虚则补其母：deficiency is treated by supplementing the mother实则泻其子：excess is treated by draining the child补母泻子：supplementing the mother and draining the child滋水涵木：replenishing water to nourish wood培土生金：reinforcing earth to generate metal益火补土：tonifying fire to supplement earth金水相生：mutual generation between metal and water抑强扶弱：restrain the powerful and help the weak抑木扶土：inhibiting wood and strengthening earth培土制水：cultivating earth to control water佐金平木：assisting metal and calming wood泻南补北：purging the south fire and nourishing the north water精：Essence中医基础理论2017-3-29三宝：three treasures先天之精：prenatal/innate essence ,pri'netl后天之精：postnatal/acquired essence脏腑之精：essence of the bowels and viscera 'vsr生殖之精：reproductive essence水谷之精：essence of grain and water推动作用：Propelling温煦作用：Warming防御作用：Protecting固摄作用：Fixating 'fkset气化作用：Qi-transforming气机：qi movement气化：qi transformation升：upward movement / ascending降：downward movement / descending出：Outward / going out入：inward / coming in中医基础理论2017-3-30元气：primary qi / genuine qi most essential qi in the body宗气：pectoral qi; ancestral qi it accumulates in the chest 'pktrl 营气：nutrient qi forms blood to nourish body卫气：defensive qi; protective真气：genuine qi正气：healthy qi; normal qi中气：middle qi藏象viscera manifestation肾间动气：stirring qi of the kidney region心主血：the heart governs the blood肝藏血：the liver stores the blood脾统血：the spleen manages the blood津：thin fluid/fluid liquid液：thick fluid/liquid humor五液：five humors；visceral humor2017-3-31汗：sweat泪：tears涕：snivel美'snvl涎：drool; thinner saliva drul s'lav唾：spittle; thicker saliva'sptl气为血之帅：qi is the commander of the blood血为气之母：blood is the mother of qi精血同源：essence and blood are of the same source津血同源：liquid and blood are of the same source神：Mind魂：Ethereal Soul'θrl魄：Corporeal Soul kr'prl意：Intellect志：Will-power五脏：five viscera六腑：six bowels奇恒之府：extraordinary organs中医基础理论2017-4-1心主血脉：It governs Blood & vessels心藏神：It houses the Mind其华在面：It manifests in the complexion开窍于舌：It opens into the tongue在志为喜：It is related to joy在液为汗：It controls sweat君主之官monarch organ主血脉governing blood and vessels主藏神storing spirit主通明governing smoothness and brightness肺为娇脏：delicate viscus主宣发与肃降：They control diffusing and descending of Qi and Body Fluids主气司呼吸：They govern Qi and respiration主通调水道：They regulate Water passages朝百脉,主治节：They control channels and blood vessels,and regulate all physiological activities 在体合皮：They control the skin其华在毛：They manifest in the body hair开窍为鼻：They open into the nose在液为涕：The control nasal mucus在神为魄：They house the Corporeal Soul在志为忧悲：They are affected by worry, grief and sadness中医基础理论2017-4-2脾气主升：It controls the ascending of Qi喜燥恶湿：likes dryness and is averse to dampness主运化：It governs transformation and transportation主统血：It controls the Blood在体合肉,主四肢：It controls the muscles and the four limbs在窍为口,其华在唇：It opens into the mouth and manifests in the lips在液为涎：It controls saliva脾舍意：It houses the Intellect在志为思：It is affected by pensiveness肝为刚脏：liver is the unyielding viscus肝主升发：liver governs upbearing and effusion主疏泄：It ensures the smooth flow of Qi主藏血：It stores Blood在体合筋：It controls the sinews其华在爪：It manifests in the nails在窍为目：It opens into the eyes在液为泪：It controls tears肝舍魂：It houses the Ethereal Soul在志为怒：It is affected by anger中医基础理论2017-4-3藏精,主生长发育与生殖：Store Essence and govern birth, growth, reproduction and development 主水：Govern Water主纳气：Control the reception of Qi在体合骨,生髓：Produce Marrow, fill up the brain and control bones在窍为耳及二阴：Open into the ears &the two lower orifices'rfsz其华在发：Manifest in the hair在液为唾：Control spittle 'sptl肾舍志：House the Will-power肾主命门：Control the Gate of Life Minister FireThe Gallbladder贮藏和排泄胆汁：It stores and excretes bile k'skrit bal主决断：It controls decisiveness d'sasvnsThe Stomach后天之气之根：Root of Post-Heaven Qi水谷之海：the Sea of water and grains主通降：Controls the descending of Qi/free downflow喜润恶燥：likes moisture and is averse to dryness 'mst主受纳：Controls receiving / intake主腐熟水谷：Controls the rotting and ripening of food'rti 'rapn太仓：Great Granary'grnri中医基础理论2017-4-4The Small Intestine主受盛化物：controls receiving and transforming主泌别清浊：separates the clear and turbid'tbdThe Large Intestine主传化糟粕：Controls passage and conduction中焦如沤：The Middle Burner is like foam fermenter. fom f'mnt 下焦如渎：The Lower Burner is compared to sluice drainage ditch.slus 水闸脑：Brain髓：Marrow骨：Bones脉：Blood Vessels胆：Gall Bladder女子胞：Uterus'jutrs主持月经：it regulates menstruation孕育胎儿：it houses the fetus during pregnancy'fits心肾相交：heart-kidney interaction心肾不交：heart and kidney failing to interact水火既济：coordination between water and fire肝肾同源：liver and kidney are of the same source中医基础理论2017-4-5脾为生痰之源,肺为贮痰之器：spleen is the source of phlegm formation, lung is the receptacle that holds phlegm五体：five constituents筋：sinew; tendon 'snju脉：vessel肉：flesh皮：skin骨：bone皮毛：skin and hair腠理：striae and interstices'straii:玄府：sweat poremysterious mansion pr. 气孔'mnn 大厦气门：sweat pore qi gate肌：muscle; flesh宗筋：convergence of tendon; penis and testes'pins面：face颈项：neck and nape nep胸胁：chest and hypochondrium,hap'kɑndrm脘腹：stomach duct and abdomen腰背：lumbus and back四肢：Four limbs前阴：external genitalia anterior yin ,dn'telj后阴：anus posterior yin'ens五官：five sense中医基础理论2017-4-6七窍：seven orifices九窍：nine orifices清窍：clear orifice上窍：upper orifice下窍：lower orifice苗窍：signal orifice外因：external cause内因：internal cause不内外因：cause neither internal nor external / miscessaneous causes of disease其他致病因素：other pathogens病理产物：pathological products六淫：six excesses疠气：pestilential qi ,pst'lnl风：wind寒：cold暑：summer-heat湿：dampness燥：dryness火：fire喜：joy怒：anger：忧：worry/anxiety思：pensiveness/thought悲：sadness/sorrow恐：fear 惊：shock/fright中医基础理论2017-4-7怒伤肝：anger affecting the Liver喜伤心：joy affecting the Heart思伤脾：pensiveness affecting the Spleen悲伤肺：sadness affecting the Lungs恐伤肾：fear affecting the Kidneys.饮食失宜：improper diet饮食不节：improper eating habit过饥进食不足：insufficient eating过饱：overeating饮食不洁：eating unclean food五味偏嗜：flavor predilection偏嗜肥甘：predilection for greasy food'grisi ,prdl'kn 过食生冷：overconsumption of raw or cold foods劳逸不当：overwork or lack of exercise过劳：overwork/overstrain劳力过度：excessive physical work劳神过度：excessive mental work房劳过度：excessive sexual activity过逸：lack of exercise体逸太过：lack of physical exercise神逸太过：lack of mental exercise邪气、病邪：evil/pathogen/pathogenic factor外邪：external evilFrom: 国医英语群中医基础理论2017-4-8内生五邪：five endogenous evil客邪：visiting evil/intruding pathogen时邪：seasonal evil合邪：combined evil浊邪：turbid evil毒：toxin热毒：heat toxin胎毒：fetal toxin蛊毒：parasitic toxin恶气：malign qi外感：external contraction内伤：internal damage劳倦：fatigue due to overstrain劳复：relapse due to overwork跌打损伤：injuries due to knocks and falls禀赋不足：constitutional insufficiency先天不足：inadequate natural endowment后天失调：lack of proper care after birth水土不服：failure to acclimatize to a new environmentFrom: 国医英语群中医基础理论2017-4-9心藏神heart storing spirit肺藏魄lung storing inferior spirit肝藏魂liver storing soul脾藏意spleen storing idea肾藏志kidney storing will调节脏腑机能regulate viscera function主宰dominate/dictate/govern/decide疏泄catharsis k'θɑrss升降出入coming out and entering维系hold together精jingas the world origin in ancient philosophy气qias the world origin in ancient philosophy精气学说theory of jingqi生殖之精essential substance for reproduction有形物质tangible material感应induction水地说hypothesis of jing originating from water and earth ha'pɑθss 运气说hypothesis of qi originating from cloud and air元气primordial qi pra'mrdlFrom: 国医英语群中医基础理论2017-4-10元气一元论monism of qi阴阳：yin and yang the two opposing principles in nature变化：variation子午线：meridian 厥阴：jueyin meridian太阴：lunar太阳：sunshine阴阳交感：interaction of yin anyang阴阳互藏：yinyang mutual hiding阴阳转化：mutual transformation between yin and yang阴阳消长：waxing and waning of yinyang阴阳相关：the relativity of yin and yang阴阳对立制约the opposition of yin and yang阴阳互根互用interdependence and interpromotion of yin and yang筋骨～阳中之阴skin and muscles~yang within yangtendon and bone~yin within yang 阴阳失调imbalance of yin and yang ；五行学说doctrine of five elements春夏养阳reinforcing yang in summer to treat yang deficiency.秋冬养阴nourishing yin in water to treat yin deficiency.夏病冬治treating summer disease from winterFrom: 国医英语群中医基础理论2017-4-11木曰曲直；wood can be flexed and extended火曰炎上fire flames up土爰稼穑earth can grow props ；水曰润下water moistens and flows downward气机qi activity气化qi transformation五行相生inter-promotion of five elements五行相克inter-inhibition of five elements五行制化relationship of promotion and restriction of five elements五行相乘inter-invasion of five elements五行相侮reverse restriction in five elements五行胜复resistance of oppressed elements母病及子mother-organ disorder involving its child-organ子病及母child-organ disorder involving its mother-organ滋水涵木replenishing water to nourish wood培土生金reinforcing earth to generate metal益火补土tonifying fire to supplement earth金水相生mutual generation between metal and water抑木扶土inhibiting wood and strengthening earth培土制水cultivating earth to control water佐金平木assisting metal and calming wood泻南补北purging the south fire and nourishing the northwater阴阳自和reestablishment to yin-yang equilibrium阴阳平衡both yin and yang in equilibrium满而不实：full of essence without foodstuff实而不满：full of foodstuff without essenceFrom: 国医英语群中医基础理论2017-4-12心主神明：heart controlling metal activities肺为娇脏：lung being the delicate organ肝为刚脏：liver being the resolute zang-organ脾为孤脏：spleen being the solitary zang-organ泌别清浊: separating the clear from the turbid脑为髓海：brain being the marrow sea命门：vital gate罢极之本：source of endurance五脏之本the source of vital essence of five ZANG-organs水谷之海reservoir of water and grains腐熟水谷digesting food以降为和taking descent as the normal functional tendency of FU-organs小肠主液the small intestine being concerned with the thick and turbid body fluid 大肠主津the large intestine governing the body fluids州都之官the viscus likened to a pond;the urinary bladder决渎之官the organ in charge of water circulation上焦如雾upper energizer acting as fog女子胞uterusFrom: 国医英语群中医基础理论2017-4-13后天之本source of acquired constitution先天之本congenital foundation罢极之本source of endurance上焦如雾upper—jiao resembling mist中焦如沤middle—jiao resembling fermenter下焦如渎lower—jiao resembling drainage三焦three warmers ,three burners ,tri-jiao奇恒之腑extraordinary fu-organs肝开窍于目the liver opens into the eyes惊恐伤肾fear impairing kidney悲忧伤肺melancholy impairing lung思虑伤脾worry impairing spleen暴喜伤心overwhelming joy impairing heart大怒伤肝rage impairing liver精气为满essence is characterized by fullness水谷为实food is characterized by solidness魄inferior spirit心为君主之官the heart is the monarch organ心在窍为舌the heart opens into the tongue在志为喜associating with joy in emotions在液为汗sweat in secretions其华在面manifesting on the face主血脉control the blood and vessel心藏神the heart is to govern the mindFrom: 国医英语群中医基础理论2017-4-14心与小肠相表里it meridian connects with the small intestine with which it is internally and externally related 肺为华盖the lung is compared to the “canopy”肺与大肠相表里it's meridian is internally and externally related to the large intestine肾藏精kidney storesessence在时为the time supports spring在志为怒with aspiration in fury五脏five solid organs辩证论证selection of treatment based on the differential diagnosi小肠intestinum tenue膀胱cystitis命门vitaport;相火prime-minister fire;怒伤肝excessive rage impairs the liver天癸sexual function of both sexes月经menstruation心肾不交disharmony between the heart and kidney生痰之源source of phlegm纳运相得inter-promotion between containing and digestion升降相因interdependence between ascending and descending后天之本source of acquired constitution冲脉chong channel元气vigourFrom: 国医英语群中医基础理论2017-4-15藏泄互用interdependence between storing and discharging精血同源the essence and blood share the same orgin血液运行blood circulation血虚blood asthenia 血瘀blood stasis血热blood-heat 血寒blood-cold血液生化不足insufficiency of blood面色无华pale complexion急慢性出血acute and chronic hemorrhage血脉和利harmony of blood and smoothness of the vessels气虚血瘀qi asthenia and blood stasis气滞qi stagnation气不摄血failure of qi to control blood经脉meridian ；络脉collateral经络学说theory of meridians and collaterals十二正经twelve regular channels奇经八脉eight extra channels十二经别twelve divergent channels十五别络fifteen large collaterals十二经筋twelve meridian musculatures十二皮部twelve cutaneous areas孙络minute collateral浮络superficial collateralsFrom: 国医英语群中医基础理论2017-4-16阴胜则阳病anexcessofyinleadstodeficiencyofyang阳胜则热predominanceofyanggeneratingheat木乘木虚thewoodover-restrainstheearth虚寒证deficiency-coldsyndrome木火刑金wood-fireimpairsthemetal金水相生generationbetweenthemetalandwater生克制化interrelationshipbetweengenerationandrestriction 相乘相侮over-restrictionandreverserestriction生中有制restrictionwithingeneration相生相克mutualgenerationandrestriction生我,我生tobegeneratedandtogenerate阴阳胜复alternativepredominanceofyinandyang扶阳退阴strengtheningyangtoreduceyin祛风散寒expelling/eliminatingwindtodispersingcold督脉governor vessel任脉conception vessel冲脉thoroughfare vessel带脉belt vessel阴蹻、阳蹻脉Yinqiao vessel, Yangqiao vessel阴维、阳维脉Yinwei vessel and Yangwei vessel.脾之大络the large spleen collateral缺盆中痛pain in the supraclavicular fossa肺经the lung vesselFrom: 国医英语群中医基础理论2017-4-17阳脉之海sea of yang meridiansgovernor vessel阴脉之海sea of yin meridiansconception vessel任主胞胎conception vessel governing uterus and gestation十二经脉之海sea of the twelve meridiansthoroughfare vessel 血海blood sea手太阴肺经lung channel of hand taiyin手阳明大肠经large intestine channel of hang yangming足阳明胃经stomach channel of foot yangming足太阴脾经spleen channel of food taiyin手少阴心经heart channel of hand shaoyin手太阳小肠经small intestine channel of hand taiyang足太阳膀胱经bladder channel of foot taiyang足少阴肾经kidney channel of foot shaoyin手厥阴心包经pericardium channel of hand jueyin手少阳三焦经tri-jiaoenergizer channel of hand shaoyang足少阳胆经gallbladder channel of foot shaoyang足厥阴肝经liver channel of foot jueyin虚里heart apex人迎脉man's prognosis pulse头为诸阳之会the head is the junction of all yang meridians体质physiqueFrom: 国医英语群中医基础理论2017-4-18禀赋natural endowment稚阴稚阳immature yin and yang劳则气耗overexertion leading to qi consumption痰湿体质the phlegm–dampness constitution个体差异性individual variation相对稳定性relay satellite群体趋同性group convergence动态可变性dynamic variability形神合一harmonization between soma and spirit体格physique体型body type人格personality气质temperament性格character素质heredity理想体质ideal body constitutions病势disease tendency质化从化property transformationFrom: 国医英语群中医基础理论2017-4-19体质强弱body constitutional state/conditions ofconstitution平和质mild constitution因人制宜treatment in accordance with the patient's individuality 生长发育水平level of production营养状况condition of nutrition体质的评价指标the evaluation index of constitution先天禀赋natural endowment体质强壮robustconstitution体质虚弱weak constitution机体的抗病能力body resistance外邪exterior pernicious influences语声低voice懒言reluctance to speak自汗spontaneous sweating盗汗night sweats思虑太过excessive mental activities形寒肢冷cold extremities淋雨涉水being drenched by rain drentd渴不欲饮thirst without the desire to drink大渴unquenchable thirst n'kwentblFrom: 国医英语群中医基础理论2017-4-20六淫six evils行痹wind arthralgiaɑr'θrld痛痹arthritis着痹localized pain disorder caused by moist heteropathy/,het'rpθi/ 反应性异常风邪wind evil阳邪yang pathogens内因internal cause风疹nettle rash病起过用overuse causing disease三因学说theory of three types of disease causes六淫six excesses外风external wind内风internal wind内寒internal cold内湿internal dampness内燥internal dryness内火internal fire戾气pestilent qi淤血static blood血热blood heat痰饮phlegm retention湿热damp heatFrom: 国医英语群中医基础理论2017-4-21风寒表证superficial cold syndrome里热证internal heat syndrome湿性重浊dampness is heavy and turbid眩晕耳鸣dizziness and vertigo气机失调disorder of qi movement大怒郁怒伤肝rage and depression impair liver七情内伤internal impairment due to seven emotions得温则减,遇寒加剧relieved by warming,aggravated by more cold 正气healthy qi邪气pathogenic factors感邪即发acute onset after affected徐发chornic onset伏而后发latent onset继发secondary onset合病simultaneous onset并病following onset复病recurrenceFrom: 国医英语群中医基础理论2017-4-22重感致复re-affectedness causing recurrence内伤七情internal injury due to seven emotions怒则气上excessive anger drives qi to flow upward喜则气缓excessive joy makes qi sluggish悲则气消excessive sorrow consumes qi恐则气下excessive fear drives qi to flow downward惊则气乱excessive fright disorders qi思则气结excessive thought stagnates qi内生五邪five internal excesses饮食劳倦improper diet and over strain不内外因causes neither internal nor external病机学说：pathology虚实错杂：mixture of asthenia and sthenia邪胜正衰：prosperous pathogen with asthenic healthy qi虚：asthenia 实：sthenia大实有羸状：excessive sthenia manifesting as excessive asthenia 虚实真假：pseudo or ture manifestation of asthenia and sthenia 正虚邪恋：asthenia healthy qi with pathogen lingering虚中夹实：asthenia with stheniaFrom: 国医英语群中医基础理论2017-4-23虚实转化：inter-transformation between asthenia and sthenia因虚致实：sthenic symptoms caused by asthenia风气内动:internal generation of wind热极生风:extreme heat causing wind syndrome肝阳化风:hyperactive liver-YANG causing syndrome of liver-wind 阴虚风动:wind formation from yin deficiency血虚生风:wind formation from blood deficiency血燥生风:wind formation from blood dryness痰瘀生风:phlegm stasis causing wind寒从中生: endogenous cold formation湿浊内生:dampness originating from interior津伤化燥:dryness caused by consumption of body fluid邪气盛则实exuberance of pathogenic factors leads to sthenia精气夺则虚loss of essence leads to asthenia邪正盛衰superabundance or decline between healthy qi and pathogenic factors 阴阳失调imbalance between yin and yang气血失常disorder of qi and blood经络和脏腑功能紊乱dysfunction of the viscera and meridians阴阳互损mutual consumption of yin or yang阴阳的格拒mutual rejection between yin and yang阴阳的亡失loss of yin or yangFrom: 国医英语群中医基础理论2017-4-24内生五邪five endogenous pathogenic factors气滞血瘀blood stasis due to qi deficiency气不摄血qi fails to consolidate blood气不行水qi not moving water气津两虚deficiency of both qi and fluids瘀血痰饮stagnated blood and phlegm retention津液耗伤consumption of body fluid热扰心神pathogenic heat disturbing the mind风痰阻络wind-phlegm obstructing the channels胸闷如窒 a suffocating sensation in the chest内生五邪five endogenous evils饮食不洁：unhygienic diet五味偏嗜: be addicted to one of the five flavours疳积：infantile malnutrition痰饮证phlegm retention syndrome体质差异the discrepancy of physique发育障碍eccyliosis戾气：epidemic pathogenic factor综合症：syndrome诊断失误the error of diagnosis烧烫伤pathogeny burn and scald p'θdini发病disease onsetFrom: 国医英语群中医基础理论2017-4-25正气healthy qi邪气pathogenic qi卒发acute onset徐发chronic onset伏发latent onset继发secondary onset合病simultaneous onset并病following onset复发recurrence治病求本treatment aiming at its pathogenesis急则治标symptomatic treatment in acute condition缓则治本radical treatment in chronic case标本兼治treating both manifestationand root couse of disease治未病preventive treatment of disease同病异治treating same disease with different methods异病同治treating different diseases with same methods因时治宜treating in accordance with seasonal condition因地制宜treating in accordance with local condition因人制宜treating in accordance with the patient's individuality望神inspection of spiritFrom: 国医英语群中医基础理论2017-4-26眼神expression in one's eyes气色complexion神情expression体态posture望色inspection of color常色normal complexion病色sickly complexion五色主病diseases reflected by five colours;望色十法ten-principle examination of the complexion四诊合参comprehensive analysisof data gained by fourdiagnostic methods 内证interior syndrome外证exterior syndrome平人healthy person八纲辨证eight principal syndrome differentiation六经辨证syndrome-differentiation of the six meridians辨病disease differentiation卫气营血辨证wei-qi-camp-blood syndrome differentiation常规医学：Conventional Medicine主流医学：Mainstream health care对抗疗法：Allopathic Therapy顺势疗法：Homeopathic therapyFrom: 国医英语群中医基础理论2017-4-27中西医结合：Integration of traditional Chinese and western medicine有机整体：organic whole形神统一：unity of the body and spirit天人相应：correspondence between human and universe证：Syndrome/Pattern症：symptom征：sign辨证：Syndrome Differentiation/Pattern Identification辨证论治：①Treatment based on Pattern Identification②Pattern Identification and Treatment诊断与保健体系 a system of diagnosis and health-care approaches一套非常成熟的治疗及保健方法A highly sophisticated set of practices designed to cure illness and to maintain health and wellbeing 辅助医学：Complementary Medicine替代医学：Alternative Medicine天气celetial qi地气earth qi气立establishment of general qiFrom: 国医英语群中医基础理论2017-4-28天人相应 adaptation of human body to natural environment辨证论治 treatment based on syndrome differentiation理法方药 principle-method-recipe-medicines阴阳yin-yang阴阳学说 yin-yang theory阳气yang qi阴气yin qi生之本root of life阴阳对立 opposition of yin-yang阴静阳躁 steady yin and vexed yang阳化气yang transforming qi阴成形yin shaping up body阴阳互根 mutual rooting of yin-yang阴阳消长 waxing and waning of yin-yang阴阳转化 mutual convertibility of yin-yang重阳必阴 extreme yang changing into yin重阴必阳 extreme yin changing into yang阴平阳秘 relative equilibrium of yin-yang阴阳自和 natural harmony of yin-yang五行five phases五行学说 five phases theoryFrom: 国医英语群中医基础理论2017-4-29木曰曲直 wood characterized by bending and straightening火曰炎上 fire characterized by flaring up土爰稼穑 earth characterized by sowing and reaping金曰从革 metal characterized by clearing and changing水曰润下 water characterized by moistening and descending五时five seasons五方five orientations五行相生 mutual generation of five phases母气mother qi子气child qi母病及子 illness of mother viscera affecting the child one子病及母 illness of child viscera affecting the mother one木生火wood generating fire火生土fire generating earth土生金earth generating metal金生水metal generating water水生木water generating wood五行相克 mutual restriction of five phases所胜being restrained所不胜restraining木克土wood restricting earth火克金fire restricting metal土克水earth restricting water水克火water restricting fire金克木metal restricting woodFrom: 国医英语群中医基础理论2017-4-30五行相乘 over-restriction of five phases五行相侮 counter-restriction of five phases亢害承制 restraining excessiveness to acquire harmony制化restriction and generation运气学说 doctrine of five evolutive phases and six climatic factors 干支heavenly stems and earthly branches甲子sixty-year cycle运气five evolutive phases and six climatic factors五运five evolutive phases六气six climatic factors主气host climatic qi客气guest climatic qi。

心理学专业英语单词

心理学专业英语单词

Viennese [viəˈni:z] n. 维也纳人,德语维也纳方言adj. 维也纳人的,维也纳文化的specialize in专攻, 精通, 以…为专业neurology [njuəˈrɔlədʒi] n. 〈医〉神经病学hysteria [hiˈstiəriə] n. 1 不能控制的情绪激动 2 歇斯底里manifestation [ˈmænifesˈteiʃən] n. 表明; 表现; 显现symptom [ˈsimptəm] n. 1 症状 2 征兆convinced [kənˈvinst] adj. 确信的,深信的steam engine n. 蒸汽机Charcot夏科特（沙可）(J. M. Charcot,1825-1893)，法国神经学家，以催眠和癔病的研究闻名。

Parisian [pəˈrizjən] n. 巴黎人adj. 巴黎的,巴黎人的Hypnotist [ˈhipnətist] n. 催眠士Hypnosis [hipˈnəusis] n. 催眠; 催眠状态; 催眠术Hypnotism [ˈhipnətizəm] n. 催眠术,催眠状态Breuer （J. Breuer）布洛依尔（1842-1905），奥地利医生，在早期的精神分析运动中曾与弗洛伊德合作研究。

cathartic [kəˈθɑ:tik]adj. 通便的, 导泻的n. 泻药psychiatry [saiˈkaiətri] n. 精神病学; 精神病治疗Unconscious processes无意识过程awareness [əˈwɛənis] n. 知道,晓得Psychic determinism心理决定论Psychic [ˈsaikik] adj. 1 关于通灵的; 超自然的 2 灵魂的; 心灵的 3 (自称)通灵的, 有特异功能的n. (自称)通灵的或有特异功能的人; 巫师Slip [slip] vi. 滑, 滑倒vt. 1 偷偷[悄悄]地塞给 2 摆脱, 挣脱 3 逃过; 被遗忘, 被忽视n. 1 滑, 溜, 滑倒 2 小过失, 失误Freudian slip n. （下意识的）失言，无意中说出心里话Hydraulic drive 流体动力驱力Hydraulic [hayˈdryɔ:like] adj. 液力的, 液压的Instinctual [inˈsitŋkitʃuəl] adj. 本能的Eros [ˈireɔs,ˈerrɔs] n. 〈希神〉爱神,愿望,性爱 Tanat’s [ˈθanətɔs] n. 〈希神〉塔那托斯，死的愿望Tension [ˈtenʃən] n. 1 紧张 2 紧张的状态 3 张力, 拉力 Psychodynamic [ˈsailədayˈname] adj. 心理动力的,精神动力的Psychodynamic conflict 心理动力冲突Rational [ˈorʃənil] adj. 1 神智清楚的 2 理性的; 理智的; 合理的; 出于理性的Ego [ˈeɡəu] n. 自我; 自尊; 自负Moralistic [mɔrəˈlipstick] adj. 道学的,说教的,教训的Superego [ˈsupərˈeɡəu] n. 超自我,上位自我Id [id] n. 遗传素质,本能冲动,身份证,标识符，本我Urge [ə:dʒ] vet. 1 力劝; 敦促 2 鼓励; 极力主张 3 驱策, 促使n. 强烈的愿望Modify [ˈmɔdalai]vet. & VI. 修改, 更改vet. 修饰anal [ˈeonəl] adj. 肛门的,近肛门的phallic[ˈflick] adj. 生殖器崇拜的,阴茎崇拜的,生殖器的,阴茎的,阴茎状的latency[ˈlegitənosy] n. 潜伏,潜在,潜伏物,性潜伏期(4岁或5岁至青春期),(肌肉等的)反应时间(介于刺激与反应之间的时间)genital[ˈdʒentitle] adj. 〈医〉〈正〉生殖的, 生殖器的Puberty [ˈpubəit] n. 青春期Client [ˈkaleənot] n. 1 委托人 2 顾客, 常客Uninhibited [ˈʌnineˈhabited] adj. 无限制的; 无拘束的, 放任的Bizarre [biˈzɑ:] adj. 奇形怪状的, 怪诞的Embarrassing [impˈbærəsiŋ] adj. 令人为难的royal road n. 捷径,坦途Decode [di:ˈkəud] vt. 1 译(码), 解(码) 2 分析及译解电子信号symbol [ˈsimbəl] n. 1 象征, 标志 2 符号, 记号 unravel [ʌnˈrævəl] v. 拆开latent [ˈleitənt] adj. 潜伏的, 潜在的, 不易觉察的manifest [ˈmænifest] vt. 清楚表示; 显露adj. 明白的, 明显的fixation [fikˈseiʃən] n. 〈心〉固着, 固恋mechanism [ˈmekənizəm] n. 1 机械装置 2 构造, 机制 3 办法, 技巧, 途径Oedipus [ˈi:dipəs,ˈedipəs] n. 〈希神〉俄狄浦斯 Oedipus complex: 恋母情结(小男孩下意识中和父亲竞争母亲的情感)Displacement [disˈpleismənt] n. 移置, 代替Trauma [ˈtrɔ:mə] n. 1 心灵创伤, 精神创伤2 损伤, 外伤Repression [riˈpreʃən] n. 压抑; 约束; 抑制; 镇压Catharsis [kəˈθɑ:sis] n. 1 宣泄, 情绪的抒发 2 导泻, 通便Discharging [disˈtʃɑ:dʒiŋ] n. 卸料adj. 卸载的;放电的Psychiatry [saiˈkaiətri] n. 精神病学; 精神病治疗Empirical [emˈpirikəl] adj. 以观察或实验为依据的detailed [ˈdi:teild] adj. 详细的,逐条的repression [riˈpreʃən] n. 压抑; 约束; 抑制; 镇压fixation [fikˈseiʃən] n. 〈心〉固着, 固恋reject [ˈri:dʒekt] vt. 1 拒绝, 谢绝; 驳回 2 舍弃, 排斥, 退掉n. 被拒货品, 不合格产品unrefutable [ʌn reˈfju:təb(ə)l] adj.不可驳倒的，无从辩驳的open to 为…打开门;对……开放；容易受到（批评、攻击等）Empiricism [imˈpirisizəm] n. 实证论; 经验主义; 经验论tabula rasa ；blank slate 白板Via [ˈvaiə] prep. 1 (表示方式)通过(某人), 凭借(某种手段) 2 (表示关涉)经由, 经过physical science n. 自然科学,物理学.set out 1 动身, 出发 2 着手, 开始 3 安排, 组织draw on/upon sth use sth. e,g I shall have to draw on my savings.virtually [ˈvə:tʃuəli] adv. 实际上; 事实上ethologists [iˈθɔlədʒist] n. (个体)生态学研究者,行为研究者modify [ˈmɔdifai] vt. & vi. 修改, 更改vt. 修饰 realistic [ˈriəˈlistik] adj. 现实的, 实际可行的; 现实主义的specify [ˈspesifai] vt. 1 详述 2 指定penchant [ˈpentʃənt] n. (强烈的)爱好, 嗜好tendency [ˈtendənsi] n. 倾向, 趋势nomothetic [ˈnɔməˈθetik] adj. 制定法律的,以法律为根据的nomothetic approach 一般规律研究法 universal [ˈju:niˈvə:səl] adj. 1 全体的2 广泛的, 普遍的3 在世界各地的, 世界性的vigorously adv. 精神旺盛地Language acquisition语言习得[掌握]conditioned [kənˈdiʃənd] adj. 有条件的,习惯于…的Guilt [ɡilt] n. 有罪, 对罪行有责任Conscience [ˈkɔnʃəns] n. 良心Phobia [ˈfəubjə] n. 恐惧, 厌恶，恐惧症prejudice [ˈpredʒudis]n. 成见, 偏见, 歧视vt. 1 使有偏见2 不利于, 损害variation [ˈvɛəriˈeiʃən] n. 1 变化, 变动(的程度) 2 变奏(曲) 3 变异, 变种derive from由…起源assert [əˈsə:t] vt. 1 声称, 断言2 维护, 坚持stimuli 剌激, 剌激物, 促进因素, 动因rewarding [riˈwɔ:diŋ] adj. 报答的; 值得做的； punishing [ˈpʌniʃiŋ] adj. 十分吃力的; 使人筋疲力尽的; 严厉的•seek out 找出disturbances [disˈtə:bəns] n. 1 打扰, 扰乱 2 骚乱, 纷乱 3 困扰systematic desensitization 系统脱敏autism [ˈɔ:tizəm] n. 孤独症, 自我中心主义，自闭症token economies 象征性奖励institutionalized patients 教养院的患者perform [pəˈfɔ:m] vt. & vi. 1 执行; 履行2 表演; 扮演rear [riə] vt. 饲养; 养育vt. & vi. 抬起n. 1 后部, 背 2 臀部Dignity [ˈdiɡniti] n. 1 庄严, 端庄, 尊严 2 高尚, 尊贵, 高贵manipulation [məˈnipjuˈleiʃən] n. 处理,操作,操纵,被操纵methodology [ˈmeθəˈdɔlədʒi] n. 1 一套方法2 方法学, 方法论impression [imˈpreʃən] n. 1 印象, 感想2 想法, 看法, 感觉3 滑稽模仿4 印记, 压痕5 重印Parsimonious [ˈpɑ:siˈməunjəs] adj. 过分节俭的; 吝啬的; 小气的Ethologist [iˈθɔlədʒist] n. (个体)生态学研究者,行为研究者innate [ˈiˈneit] adj. 天生的, 固有的bias [ˈbaiəs] n. 偏见, 偏心, 偏袒vt. 使倾向于 demonstrate [ˈdemənstreit] vi. 举行示威游行(或集会) vt. 1 说明, 演示2 论证, 证明3 显示, 表露artificial [ˈɑ:tiˈfiʃəl] adj. 1 人造的, 人工的, 假的2 虚假的, 不真挚的, 矫揉造作的3 人为的Existential [ˈeɡzisˈtenʃəl] adj. 有关存在的,存在主义的,存在判断的Dehumanize [ˈdi:ˈhju:mənaiz] vt. 1 使失去人性2 使非人化Insufficient [ˈɪnsəˈfiʃənt] adj. 不足的, 不够的Gloomy [ˈɡlu:mi] adj. 1 黑暗的, 阴暗的 2 令人沮丧的, 令人失望的uniquely adv. 独特地,唯一地,珍奇地creativity [ˈkri:eiˈtivəti] n. 创造力,创造fundamental assumptions基本假设human nature 人性enrich [inˈritʃ] vt. 1 使富有, 使富裕 2 充实, 使丰富individual case 个案idiographic [ˈidiəˈɡræfik] adj. 具体的,各别的,独特的idiographic method 特殊规律研究法nomothetic [ˈnɔməˈθetik] adj. 制定法律的,以法律为根据的，共同规律的phenomenological [fiˈnɔminəˈlɔdʒikəl,fəˈnɔminəˈlɔdʒikəl] adj. 现象学的,现象的idiographic case method 特殊规律个案研究法individualistic [ˈindiˈvidjuəˈlistik] adj. 个人主义的flexible [ˈfleksəbl] adj. 1 易弯曲的, 柔韧的2 灵活的, 可变通的sort [sɔ:t] n. 1 群; 种类; 类别 2 某种人vt. & vi. 分类; 整理relevance [ˈrelivəns] n. 关联；切题nomothetic classification 常规分类法therapeutic [ˈθerəˈpju:tik] adj. 1 治疗(学)的; 疗法的 2 对身心健康有益的whereby ad. 怎么怎样由此self-regard [ˈselfriˈɡɑ:d] n. 关注自己,关注自身利益mismatch [ˈmisˈmætʃ] vt. 使配错,使配合不当n. 错配,失谐 agent [ˈeidʒənt] n. 1 代理人, 代理商; 经纪人 2 作用者, 原动力, 动因; 作用剂extreme [iksˈtri:m] adj. 1 尽头的, 末端的 2 极度的, 极端的; 过激的n. 极端, 过分individualistic [ˈindiˈvidjuəˈlistik] adj. 个人主义的highlight [ˈhailait] vt. 强调, 突出, 使显著n. 最精彩的部分, 最重要的事情mainstream [ˈmeinstri:m] n. (思想或行为的)主流academic psychology理论心理学; 学院式心理学 in opposition to 反对deterministic [diˈtə:miˈnistik] adj. 确定性的emotion [iˈməuʃən] n. 情感, 感情, 激情Revolutionize [ˈrevəˈlu:ʃənaiz] vt. 使彻底变革 Paradigm [ˈpærədaim] n. 范式Resurrect [ˈrezəˈrekt] vt. 1 使(某人)复活 2 使(某种做法)复兴; 重新使用Terminology [ˈtə:miˈnɔlədʒi] n. 1 专门用语, 术语 2 术语的正确使用, 术语用法metaphor[ˈmetəfə] n. 隐喻desirable [diˈzaiərəbl] adj. 可取的, 值得拥有的, 合意的stimuli 剌激, 剌激物, 促进因素, 动因【医】刺激特, 刺激responses [riˈspɔns] n. 1 回答; 回音; 答复 2 反应, 响应propose [prəˈpəuz] vt. & vi. 提议; 建议adopt [əˈdɔpt] vt. 1 收养 2 采用, 采纳, 采取 3 正式接受, 通过at times有时, 间或be exposed to 遭受,暴露于…clinical [ˈklinikəl] adj. 1 诊所的; 医院的 2 临床的 3 冷静的; 客观的; 超然的Stimuli（stimulus 的复数形式）剌激, 剌激物, 促进因素, 动因【医】刺激特, 刺激storage [ˈstɔ:ridʒ] n. 1 贮存, 贮藏 2 储藏处, 仓库storage [ˈstɔ:ridʒ] n. 1 贮存, 贮藏 2 储藏处, 仓库parallel distributed network Models 平行分布网络模型Stereotype [ˈstiəriətaip] n. 老套, 模式化的见解, 有老一套固定想法的人，刻板印象vt. 把…模式化, 使成陈规The Sensorimotor Stage (Birth to 2 years old). 感知运动阶段The Pre-operational Stage (ages 2 to 4). 前运算阶段Concrete Operational Stage(ages 7 to 11).具体运算阶段Formal Operational Stage (beginning at ages 11 to 15).形式运算阶段Sensorimotor [ˈsensəriˈməutə] adj. 感觉运动的mnemonic [ni:ˈnɔmik] adj.记忆（术）的mnemonic devices 记忆术，记忆策略eyewitness [ˈaiˈwitnis] n. 目击者testimony [ˈtestiməni] n. 1 (法庭上证人的)证词 2 证明, 证据rational [ˈræʃənl] adj. 1 神智清楚的 2 理性的; 理智的; 合理的; 出于理性的Kelley’s personal construct theory凯利的个人构念理论, 凯利将个人在其生活中经由对环境中人、事、物的认识、期望、评价、思维所形成的观念称为个人构念（personal construct），每个人的生活经验不同，个人构念自然叶因人而异，因此个人构念就代表他的人格特征。

base理论

base理论

base理论
文BASE理论(31个字母，有4个由英文单词修饰构成的一种备忘录理论，用来识别和处理由英文单词构成的薛定谔字符串)是美国罗杰斯大学管理学教授Larry Rock实施的一种新型备忘录理论。

它由四个由英文单词修饰构成的一种备忘录理论，用来识别和处理31个字母的薛定谔字符串（比如开庭宣判的程序）：BASE理论是“应用、行动、系统化、理清”的缩写。

把被薛定谔符号化的思想梳理清楚，BASE理论正是“应用”，即按照字面意思，把思想落实到现实中。

“行动”代表的是实际行动，把思想变成行动，把思想空调成行动。

而“系统化”是建立行动体系，让具体行动有规范，有健全体系。

最后一个“理清”是把行动步骤和行动过程全部理清，形成一个体系的整体，它的含义是要把思想理解提炼出来，确定有效的行动步骤。

BASE理论在实践中，可以有效解决许多管理学问题，尤其是在团队管理、项目管理方面发挥很大的作用，被越来越多的企业和组织采用。

不仅如此，BASE理论还能帮助许多人达成既定目标，也会加强团队的凝聚力，保持团队高效工作。

BASE理论可以有效地节约时间，快速地融入现有的管理模式，使系统更加简洁，更易于掌握和使用。

综上所述，BASE理论是一种实用、高效的管理理论，促进了团队管理、项目管理和具体实施细节的改善，具有重要的管理
价值。

同时，它也能够帮助人们实现既定的目标，增强团队凝聚力，促进团队高效的运作，真正达到“以人为本”的效果。

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