电气工程与自动化专业英语翻译(第三章)
电气工程及其自动化专业英语(语法部分)
Specialized English for Electrical Engineering ＆ Its Automation
戴文进 编著
电气工程及其自动化专业教研室
Introduction
• 1 Importance
• 2 Purpose Train students’ comprehension and application ability to
• 另外，专业词汇的词义普遍比较单一，词汇中前 缀和后缀出现的频率很高，缩略语使用的比较多。
电气工程及其自动化专业教研室
词汇的分类( lexical classification)
1 技术词汇(special technical words )---某个专业所特有的词汇，如 diode, substation，autotransformer，superconductivity.
Application, implementation
电气工程及其自动化专业教研室
词汇的构成( words constitution)
专业词汇构成的特征(1)有50%以上的专业词汇来 自外来语;(2)广泛地使用构词法;(3)常用词汇专业化. 1合成法( composition)
horsepower, push-pull, power utilization 2 转换法(conversion)
• Other characteristic, such as frequency, wave shape, and phase balance are seldom recognized by the consumers, but are given constant attention by electric power utility engineers.
电气工程及其自动化专业_外文文献_英文文献_外文翻译_plc方面.
1、外文原文A: Fundamentals of Single-chip MicrocomputerTh e si ng le -c hi p m ic ro co mp ut er i s t he c ul mi na ti on of both t h e de ve lo pm en t of the dig it al com pu te r an d th e in te gr at ed c i rc ui t arg ua bl y t h e tow m os t s ig ni f ic an t i nv en ti on s o f t he 20th c e nt ur y [1].Th es e tow type s of arch it ec tu re are foun d in sin g le -ch i p m i cr oc om pu te r. Som e empl oy the spli t prog ra m/da ta me mo ry of the H a rv ar d ar ch it ect u re , sh ow n in Fig.3-5A -1, oth ers fo ll ow the p h il os op hy , wi del y ada pt ed for gen er al -p ur po se com pu te rs and m i cr op ro ce ss o r s, o f ma ki ng no log i ca l di st in ct ion be tw ee n p r og ra m and dat a me mo ry as in the Pr in ce to n arch ite c tu re , show n i n Fig.3-5A-2.In gen er al ter ms a sin gl e -chi p mic ro co mp ut er i sc h ar ac te ri zed b y t he i nc or po ra ti on of a ll t he un it s of a co mp uter i n to a sin gl e d ev i ce , as sho wn inFi g3-5A -3.Fig.3-5A-1 A Harvard typeFig.3-5A-2. A conventional Princeton computerFig3-5A-3. Principal features of a microcomputerRead only memory (ROM.R OM is usua ll y for the pe rm an ent,n o n-vo la ti le stor a ge of an app lic a ti on s pr og ra m .M an ym i cr oc om pu te rs and m are inte nd e d for high -v ol um e ap pl ic at ions a n d he nc e t h e eco n om ic al man uf act u re of th e de vic e s re qu ir es t h at t he cont en t s o f t he prog ra m me m or y be co mm it t ed perm a ne ntly d u ri ng the man ufa c tu re of ch ip s .Cl ea rl y, thi s im pl ie s a r i go ro us app ro ach to ROM cod e deve l op me nt sin ce cha ng es can not b e mad e afte r manu f a c tu re .Th is dev e lo pm en t proc ess may invo lv e e m ul at io n us in g aso ph is ti ca te d de ve lo pm en t sy ste m wit h a h a rd wa re emu la tio n cap ab il it y as w el l as the use o f po we rf ul s o ft wa re too ls.So me man uf act u re rs pro vi de add it io na l RO M opt i on s by i n cl ud in g in their ra n ge dev ic es wit h (or int en de d fo r use wit h u s er pro gr am ma ble me mo ry. Th e sim p le st of th es e is usu al ly d e vi ce whi ch can op er at e in a micro p ro ce ssor mod e by usi ng som e o f the inp ut /outp u t li ne s as an ad dr es s an d da ta b us fora c ce ss in g ex te rna l mem or y. Thi s t y pe of de vi ce can beh av ef u nc ti on al ly as th e sing le chip mi cr oc om pu te r from whi ch it is d e ri ve d al be it wit h re st ri ct ed I/O and a mod if ied ex te rn al c i rc ui t. The use of thes e d ev ic es is com mo n eve n in prod uc ti on c i rc ui ts wher e t he vo lu me does no tj us ti f y t h e d ev el o pm en t c osts o f c us to m o n -ch i p R OM [2];t he re c a n s ti ll bea s ignif i ca nt saving i n I /O and o th er c h ip s com pa re d to a conv en ti on al mi c ro pr oc es sor b a se d ci rc ui t. Mor e ex ac t re pl ace m en t fo r RO M dev i ce s ca n be o b ta in ed in th e fo rm of va ri an ts w it h 'p ig gy -b ack 'E P RO M(Er as ab le pro gr am ma bl e ROM s oc ke ts or dev ic e s with EPROM i n st ea d o f RO M 。
电气工程及其自动化专业英语第三章课文翻译
Semiconductor switches are very important and crucial components in power electronic systems.these switches are meant to be the substitutions of the mechanical switches,but they are severely limited by the properties of the semiconductor materials and process of manufacturing. 在电力电子系统，中半导体开关是非常重要和关键部件。
半导体开关将要替换机械开关,但半导体材料的性质和生产过程严重限制了他们。
Switching losses开关损耗Power losses in the power eletronic converters are comprised of the Switching losses and parasitic losses. 电力电子转换器的功率损耗分为开关损耗和寄生损耗the parasitic losses account for the losses due to the winding resistances of the inductors and transformers,the dielectric losses of capacitors,the eddy and the hysteresis losses. 寄生损失的绕组电感器、变压器的阻力、介电损耗的电容器,涡流和磁滞损耗the switching losses are significant and can be managed. 这个开关损耗是非常重要的,可以被处理。
they can be further divided into three components:(a)the on-state losses,(b)the off-state losses and the losses in the transition states. 他们可以分为三个部分: 通态损耗，断态损耗和转换过程中产生的损耗。
(最新整理)(完整版)电气工程及其自动化专业英语
电气工程及其自动化专业教研室
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• The exciting or magnetizing current （励磁电流）can thus be very small. Further, the proportion of the total flux which is linked mutually by the two coils is greatly increased.
of two coils in close proximity. One coil of N1 turns is excited with
alternating current and therefore establishes a flux φ11 which alternates with the current (随时间交变）. The other coil is linked
• the applied voltage 外施电压
• zero-power-factor 零功率因数
• the no-load power factor 空载功率因数
• formulate 用公式表示,系统地阐述
• saturation 饱和
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电气工程及其自动化专业教研室
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Unit 11 The Transformer on No Load
a result (因此), is called the secondary winding.
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电气工程及其自动化专业教研室
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• It should not be difficult to realize that the two functions are interchangeable: if coil 2 were excited instead, a mutual e.m.f. would be induced in coil 1 which would then become the secondary winding(二次绕组).
电气工程及其自动化英语英译汉
1```In the generator mode ,it,s operating speed isslightly higger than it,s synchronous speed and ie needs magnetizing revctive pover form the symtem that it is connected to in order to suuply pover .在发电方式下他的工作速度比同步转速稍高些，并了解供电力，他需要他所连接的系统吸收磁化无功功率。
2```in the barking mode of operyetion ,a three –phase indection motor running at a steady –speedcan be brought to a quick stop by interchanging two of stator leads感应电机运行电动状态时，其转速低于同步转速，运行在发电状态时，其转速高于同步转速，这就需要从与之间相连的系统电源提供励磁的无功功率。
3```obviously ,dc machine applications are very significant,but the advantages of the dc machinemmust be weighed against its greatr initial investment cost and the maintenance problems associated with its brush-commutator system..同步是指状态运行时点击以恒定的转速和频率运行。
4```with a cylindyical rotor the reluctance of the magnetic circuit of the field is independent of itsactual diretion and relative to the direct axis.圆柱形转子的磁场磁路的磁阻与直轴有关，而与磁场的实际方向无关。
自动化专业英语全文翻译
《自动化专业英语教程》-王宏文主编-全文翻译PART 1 Electrical and Electronic Engineering BasicsUNIT 1 A Electrical Networks ————————————3B Three-phase CircuitsUNIT 2 A The Operational Amplifier ———————————5B TransistorsUNIT 3 A Logical Variables and Flip-flop ——————————8B Binary Number SystemUNIT 4 A Power Semiconductor Devices ——————————11B Power Electronic ConvertersUNIT 5 A Types of DC Motors —————————————15B Closed-loop Control of DC DriversUNIT 6 A AC Machines ———————————————19B Induction Motor DriveUNIT 7 A Electric Power System ————————————22B Power System AutomationPART 2 Control TheoryUNIT 1 A The World of Control ————————————27B The Transfer Function and the Laplace Transformation —————29UNIT 2 A Stability and the Time Response —————————30B Steady State—————————————————31UNIT 3 A The Root Locus —————————————32B The Frequency Response Methods: Nyquist Diagrams —————33UNIT 4 A The Frequency Response Methods: Bode Piots —————34B Nonlinear Control System 37UNIT 5 A Introduction to Modern Control Theory 38B State Equations 40UNIT 6 A Controllability, Observability, and StabilityB Optimum Control SystemsUNIT 7 A Conventional and Intelligent ControlB Artificial Neural NetworkPART 3 Computer Control TechnologyUNIT 1 A Computer Structure and Function 42B Fundamentals of Computer and Networks 43UNIT 2 A Interfaces to External Signals and Devices 44B The Applications of Computers 46UNIT 3 A PLC OverviewB PACs for Industrial Control, the Future of ControlUNIT 4 A Fundamentals of Single-chip Microcomputer 49B Understanding DSP and Its UsesUNIT 5 A A First Look at Embedded SystemsB Embedded Systems DesignPART 4 Process ControlUNIT 1 A A Process Control System 50B Fundamentals of Process Control 52UNIT 2 A Sensors and Transmitters 53B Final Control Elements and ControllersUNIT 3 A P Controllers and PI ControllersB PID Controllers and Other ControllersUNIT 4 A Indicating InstrumentsB Control PanelsPART 5 Control Based on Network and InformationUNIT 1 A Automation Networking Application AreasB Evolution of Control System ArchitectureUNIT 2 A Fundamental Issues in Networked Control SystemsB Stability of NCSs with Network-induced DelayUNIT 3 A Fundamentals of the Database SystemB Virtual Manufacturing—A Growing Trend in Automation UNIT 4 A Concepts of Computer Integrated ManufacturingB Enterprise Resources Planning and BeyondPART 6 Synthetic Applications of Automatic TechnologyUNIT 1 A Recent Advances and Future Trends in Electrical Machine DriversB System Evolution in Intelligent BuildingsUNIT 2 A Industrial RobotB A General Introduction to Pattern RecognitionUNIT 3 A Renewable EnergyB Electric VehiclesUNIT 1A 电路电路或电网络由以某种方式连接的电阻器、电感器和电容器等元件组成。
电气工程及其自动化专业英语翻译（精选多篇）
电气工程及其自动化专业英语翻译（精选多篇）第一篇：电气工程及其自动化专业英语翻译Electric Power Systems.The modern society depends on the electricity supply more heavily than ever before.It can not be imagined what the world should be if the electricity supply were interrupted all over the world.Electric power systems(or electric energy systems), providing electricity to the modern society, have become indispensable components of the industrial world.The first complete electric power system(comprising a generator, cable, fuse, meter, and loads)was built by Thomas Edison – the historic Pearl Street Station in New York City which began operation in September 1882.This was a DC system consisting of a steam-engine-driven DC generator supplying power to 59 customers within an area roughly 1.5 km in radius.The load, which consisted entirely of incandescent lamps, was supplied at 110 V through an underground cable system..Within a few years similar systems were in operation in most large cities throughout the world.With the development of motors by Frank Sprague in 1884, motor loads were added to such systems.This was the beginning of what would develop into one of the largest industries in the world.In spite of the initial widespread use of DC systems, they were almost completely superseded by AC systems.By 1886, the limitations of DC systems were becoming increasingly apparent.They could deliver power only a short distance from generators.To keep transmission power losses(I 2 R)and voltage drops to acceptable levels, voltage levels had to be high for long-distance power transmission.Such high voltages were not acceptable for generation and consumption of power;therefore, a convenient means for voltage transformationbecame a necessity.The development of the transformer and AC transmission by L.Gaulard and JD Gibbs of Paris, France, led to AC electric power systems.In 1889, the first AC transmission line in North America was put into operation in Oregon between Willamette Falls and Portland.It was a single-phase line transmitting power at 4,000 V over a distance of 21 km.With the development of polyphase systems by Nikola Tesla, the AC system became even more attractive.By 1888, Tesla held several patents on AC motors, generators, transformers, and transmission systems.Westinghouse bought the patents to these early inventions, and they formed the basis of the present-day AC systems.In the 1890s, there was considerable controversy over whether the electric utility industry should be standardized on DC or AC.By the turn of the century, the AC system had won out over the DC system for the following reasons:（1）Voltage levels can be easily transformed in AC systems, thusproviding the flexibility for use of different voltages for generation, transmission, and consumption.（2）AC generators are much simpler than DC generators.（3）AC motors are much simpler and cheaper than DC motors.The first three-phase line in North America went into operation in 1893——a 2,300 V, 12 km line in southern California.In the early period of AC power transmission, frequency was not standardized.This poses a problem for interconnection.Eventually 60 Hz was adopted as standard in North America, although 50 Hz was used in many other countries.The increasing need for transmitting large amounts of power over longer distance created an incentive to use progressively high voltage levels.To avoid the proliferation of anunlimited number of voltages, the industry has standardized voltage levels.In USA, the standards are 115, 138, 161, and 230 kV for the high voltage(HV)class, and 345, 500 and 765 kV for the extra-high voltage(EHV)class.In China, the voltage levels in use are 10, 35, 110 for HV class, and 220, 330(only in Northwest China)and500 kVforEHVclass.Thefirst750kVtransmission line will be built in the near future in Northwest China.With the development of the AC/DC converting equipment, high voltage DC(HVDC)transmission systems have become more attractive and economical in special situations.The HVDC transmission can be used for transmission of large blocks of power over long distance, and providing an asynchronous link between systems where AC interconnection would be impractical because of system stability consideration or because nominal frequencies of the systems are different.The basic requirement to a power system is to provide an uninterrupted energy supply to customers with acceptable voltages and frequency.Because electricity can not be massively stored under a simple and economic way, the production and consumption of electricity must be done simultaneously.A fault or misoperation in any stages of a power system may possibly result in interruption of electricity supply to the customers.Therefore, a normal continuous operation of the power system to provide a reliable power supply to the customers is of paramount importance.Power system stability may be broadly defined as the property of a power system that enables it to remain in a state of operating equilibrium under normal operating conditions and to regain an acceptable state of equilibrium after being subjected to a disturbance..Instability in a power system may be manifested in many different ways depending on the system configurationand operating mode.Traditionally, the stability problem has been one of maintaining synchronous operation.Since power systems rely on synchronous machines for generation of electrical power, a necessary condition for satisfactory system operation is that all synchronous machines remain in synchronism or, colloquially “in step”.This asp ect of stability is influenced by the dynamics of generator rotor angles and power-angle relationships, and then referred to “ rotor angle stability ”译文：电力系统现代社会比以往任何时候更多地依赖于电力供应。
电气工程及其自动化专业英语翻译
Semiconductor switches are very important and crucial components inpower electronic systems.these switches are meant to be the substitutionsof the mechanical switches,but they are severely limited by the properties of the semiconductor materials and process of manufacturing.在电力电子系统，中半导体开关是特别重要和重点零件。
半导体开关将要替代机械开关,但半导体资料的性质和生产过程严重限制了他们。
Switching losses开关消耗Power losses in the power eletronic converters are comprised of the Switching losses and parasitic losses.电力电子变换器的功率消耗分为开关消耗和寄生消耗the parasitic losses account for the losses due to the winding resistances of the inductors and transformers,the dielectric losses ofcapacitors,the eddy and the hysteresis losses.寄生损失的绕组电感器、变压器的阻力、介电消耗的电容器, 涡流和磁滞消耗the switching losses are significant and can be managed.这个开关消耗是特别重要的, 能够被办理。
they can be further divided into three components:(a)the on-state losses,(b)the off-state losses and the losses in the transition states.他们能够分为三个部分:通态消耗，断态消耗和转换过程中产生的消耗。
电气工程及其自动化专业英语
专业英语电路基础characterize描绘…的特征，塑造人物，具有….的特征property 性质，财产equal in magnitude to 在数量（数量级）上等同于convert 转换converter 转换器time rate 时间变化率mathematically 从数学上来讲differen tiate v 区分，区别in honor of 为纪念某人name in honor of为纪念某人而以他命名electromotive force （e m f ）电动势voltaic battery 伏打电池，化学电池an element 一个电器元件interpret 口译，解释，说明the potential at point a with respect to point b is点a关于点b的电势Potential difference/voltage 电势差/电压expend 花费，消耗instantaneous 瞬时的，促发的passive sign convention 关联参考方向the law of conservation of energy 能量守恒定律reference polarity 参考极性electron 电子electronic 电子的electric 电的，电动的time-varying 时变的constant-valued 常量的metal lic 金属的be due to 是因为，由于，归功于building block 模块Coulomb库伦，Ampere安培，joule焦耳，Volt伏特，Watt瓦特，work 功变量u（t），i(t)是电路中最基本的概念。
他们描述了电路中的各种关系。
电荷量的概念是解释电现象的基本原理，电荷量也是电路中最基本的量。
电荷也是构成物质的原子的电器属性，量纲是库伦。
我们从初等物理可以得知所有物质是由基本组成部分原子组成，而原子又包括电子（electron），质子（proton）和中子（neutron）我们都知道电荷e是带负电的电子，在数量上等于1.60210*1019 C, 而质子携带同等电荷量的正电荷，相同数量的质子，电子使原子呈现电中性（neutrally charged）。
3-电气工程及其自动化专业 外文文献 英文文献 外文翻译
3-电气工程及其自动化专业外文文献英文文献外文翻译1、外文原文(复印件)A: Fundamentals of Single-chip MicrocomputerThe single-chip microcomputer is the culmination of both the development of the digital computer and the integrated circuit arguably the tow most significant inventions of the 20th century [1].These tow types of architecture are found in single-chip microcomputer. Some employ the split program/data memory of the Harvard architecture, shown in Fig.3-5A-1, others follow the philosophy, widely adapted for general-purpose computers and microprocessors, of making no logical distinction between program and data memory as in the Princeton architecture, shown in Fig.3-5A-2.In general terms a single-chip microcomputer is characterized by the incorporation of all the units of a computer into a single device, as shown in Fig3-5A-3.ProgramInput& memoryOutputCPU unitDatamemoryFig.3-5A-1 A Harvard typeInput&Output CPU memoryunitFig.3-5A-2. A conventional Princeton computerExternal Timer/ System Timing Counter clock componentsSerial I/OReset ROMPrarallelI/OInterrupts RAMCPUPowerFig3-5A-3. Principal features of a microcomputerRead only memory (ROM).ROM is usually for the permanent,non-volatile storage of an applications program .Many microcomputers and microcontrollers are intended for high-volume applications and hence the economical manufacture of the devices requires that the contents of the program memory be committed permanently during the manufacture of chips . Clearly, this implies a rigorous approach to ROM code development since changes cannot be made after manufacture .This development process may involve emulation using a sophisticated development system with a hardware emulation capability as well as the use of powerful software tools.Some manufacturers provide additional ROM options by including in their range devices with (or intended for use with) user programmablememory. The simplest of these is usually device which can operate in a microprocessor mode by using some of the input/output lines as an address and data bus for accessing external memory. This type of device can behave functionally as the single chip microcomputer from which itis derived albeit with restricted I/O and a modified external circuit. The use of these ROMlessdevices is common even in production circuits where the volume does not justify the development costs of custom on-chip ROM[2];there canstill be a significant saving in I/O and other chips compared to a conventional microprocessor based circuit. More exact replacement for ROM devices can be obtained in the form of variants with 'piggy-back' EPROM(Erasable programmable ROM )sockets or devices with EPROM instead of ROM 。
电气工程及其自动化专业英语介绍
电气工程及其自动化专业英语介绍第一篇：电气工程及其自动化专业英语介绍Electrical Engineering and AutomationElectrical Engineering and Automation was created at forty years ago.AS a new subject, it is relating to many walks of life, small to a switch designed to study aerospace aircraft, has its shadow.Electrical Engineering and Automation of electrical information professional is an emerging field of science, but because of people's daily lives and industrial production is closely related to the extraordinarily rapid development of relatively more mature now.High-tech industry has become an important component of the widely used in industry, agriculture, national defense and other fields, in the national economy is playing an increasingly important role.Worse more, Electrical Engineering and Automation is very hard to learn.The graduate should obtain much knowledge and ability.Such as natural science foundations include more sturdy mathematics, physics, etc, better Humanity, social science basic for sum foreign language for integration capability.Besides the essential technological basic theory knowledge of the originally professional field, mainly include circuit, electric magnetic field theory, electronic technology, information place in system Paying attention to, control theory, computer software andhardware basic theories.And so on.Control theory and electrical network theory is a professional electrical engineering and automation of the base, power electronics technology, computer technology is its main technical means, but also includes a system analysis, system design, system development and system management and decision-making research.Thereare some characteristics of the profession, that is, combining the strength of power, electrical and electronic technology, software and hardware combined with a cross-disciplinary nature, electricity, electronics, control, computer integrated multi-disciplinary, so that graduates with strong adaptation capacity.电气10-3班魏学军25号第二篇：电气工程及其自动化专业英语induction machine 感应式电机 horseshoe magnet 马蹄形磁铁magnetic field 磁场eddy current 涡流right-hand rule 右手定则left-hand rule 左手定则slip 转差率induction motor 感应电动机rotating magnetic field 旋转磁场 winding 绕组 stator 定子 rotor 转子 induced current 感生电流 time-phase 时间相位 exciting voltage 励磁电压 solt 槽 lamination 叠片 laminated core 叠片铁芯 short-circuiting ring 短路环 squirrel cage 鼠笼 rotor core 转子铁芯 cast-aluminum rotor 铸铝转子 bronze 青铜 horsepower 马力 random-wound 散绕 insulation 绝缘 ac motor 交流环电动机 end ring 端环alloy 合金 coil winding 线圈绕组 form-wound 模绕 performance characteristic 工作特性 frequency 频率revolutions per minute 转/分分motoring 电动机驱动generating 发电 per-unit value 标么值 breakdown torque 极限转矩breakaway force 起步阻力overhauling 检修wind-driven generator 风动发电机 revolutions per second 转/秒秒 number of poles 极数 speed-torque curve 转速力矩特性曲线 plugging 反向制动 synchronous speed 同步转速 percentage 百分数 locked-rotor torque 锁定转子转矩 full-load torque 满载转矩 prime mover 原动机inrush current 涌流magnetizing reacance 磁化电抗line-to-neutral 线与中性点间的 staor winding 定子绕组 leakage reactance 漏磁电抗no-load 空载full load 满载多相(的Polyphase 多相的)iron-loss 铁损 complex impedance 复数阻抗 rotor resistance 转子电阻 leakage flux 漏磁通 locked-rotor 锁定转子 chopper circuit 斩波电路 separately excited 他励的 compounded 复励 dc motor 直流电动机 de machine 直流电机 speed regulation 速度调节 shunt 并励series 串励armature circuit 电枢电路optical fiber 光纤interoffice 局间的wave guide 波导波导管bandwidth 带宽light emitting diode 发光二极管silica 硅石二氧化硅 regeneration 再生后反馈放大再生, coaxial 共轴的同轴的共轴的,同轴的 high-performance 高性能的 carrier 载波 mature 成熟的 Single Side Band(SSB)单边带 coupling capacitor 结合电容 propagate 传导传播 modulator 调制器 demodulator 解调器 line trap 限波器 shunt 分路器 Amplitude Modulation(AM 调幅 Frequency Shift Keying(FSK)移频键控 tuner 调谐器 attenuate 衰减incident 入射的two-way configuration 二线制generator voltage 发电机电压 dc generator 直流发电机 polyphase rectifier 多相整流器boost 增压time constant 时间常数forward transfer function 正向传递函数error signal 误差信号regulator 调节器stabilizing transformer 稳定变压器time delay 延时direct axis transient time constant 直轴瞬变时间常数 transient response 瞬态响应 solid state 固体 buck 补偿 operational calculus 算符演算 gain 增益 pole 极点 feedback signal 反馈信号 dynamic response 动态响应voltage control system 电压控制系统mismatch 失配error detector 误差检测器 excitation system 励磁系统 field current 励磁电流transistor 晶体管high-gain 高增益boost-buck 升压去磁feedback system 反馈系统 reactive power 无功功率 feedback loop 反馈回路 automatic Voltage regulator(AVR)自动电压调整器自动电压调整器 reference Voltage 基准电压 magnetic amplifier 磁放大器amplidyne 微场扩流发电机self-exciting 自励的limiter 限幅器manual control 手动控制 block diagram 方框图 linear zone 线性区potential transformer 电压互感器stabilization network 稳定网络stabilizer 稳定器 air-gap flux 气隙磁通 saturation effect 饱和效应saturation curve 饱和曲线 flux linkage 磁链 per unit value 标么值shunt field 并励磁场 magnetic circuit 磁路 load-saturation curve 负载饱和曲线 air-gap line 气隙磁化线 polyphase rectifier 多相整流器circuit components 电路元件circuit parameters 电路参数electrical device 电气设备 electric energy 电能 primary cell 原生电池电能转换器energy converter 电能转换器conductor 导体heating appliance 电热器 direct-current 直流 time invariant 时不变的 self-inductor 自感 mutual-inductor 互感 the dielectric 电介质storage battery 蓄电池 e.m.f = electromotive force电动势 generator 发电机 gas insulated substation GIS 气体绝缘变电站气体绝缘变电站 turbogenerator 汽轮发电机 neutral point 中性点hydrogenerator 水轮发电机 moving contact 动触头 hydraulic turbine 水轮机fixed contact 静触头steam turbine 汽轮机arc-extinguishing chamber 灭弧室dynamo 直流发电机stray capacitance 杂散电容motor 电动机stray inductance 杂散电感stator 定子sphere gap 球隙rotor 转子bushing tap grounding wire 套管末屏接地线power transformer 电力变压器electrostatic voltmeter 静电电压表 variable transformer 调压变压器 ammeter 电流表 taped transformer 多级变压器 grounding capacitance 对地电容 step up(down)transformer 升(降)压变压器 voltage divider 分压器降压变压器 circuit breaker CB 断路器 surge impedance 波阻抗dead tank oil circuit breaker 多油断路器 Schering bridge 西林电桥live tank oil circuit breaker 少油断路器 Rogowski coil 罗可夫斯基线圈 vacuum circuit breaker 真空断路器 oscilloscope 示波器 sulphur hexafluoride breaker SF6 断路器 peak voltmeter 峰值电压表峰值电压表potential transformer PT 电压互感器conductor 导线current transformer CT 电流互感器 cascade transformer 串级变压器disconnector 隔离开关coupling capacitor 耦合电容earthingswitch 接地开关 test object 被试品 synchronous generator 同步发电机 detection impedance 检测阻抗 asynchronous machine 异步电机 substation 变电站 Insulator 绝缘子 hydro power station 水力发电站 lightning arrester 避雷器 thermal power station 火力发电站metal oxide arrester MOA 氧化锌避雷器 nuclear power station 核电站bus bar 母线oil-filled power cable 充油电力电缆overhead line 架空线mixed divider(阻容混合分压器阻容)混合分压器阻容transmission line 传输线XLPE cable 交链聚乙烯电缆(coaxial)cable(同轴电缆 relay 继电器同轴)电缆同轴 iron core 铁芯tuned circuit 调谐电路 winding 绕组 suspension insulator 悬式绝缘子bushing 套管porcelain insulator 陶瓷绝缘子波头(尾电阻front(tail)resistance 波头尾)电阻glass insulator 玻璃绝缘子inverter station 换流站 flash counter 雷电计数器 steel-reinforced aluminum conductor 充电(阻尼阻尼)电阻钢芯铝绞线charging(damping)resistor 充电阻尼电阻 tank 箱体 point plane gap 针板间隙 earth(ground)wire 接地线 exciting winding 激磁绕组grading ring 均压环trigger electrode 触发电极highvoltage engineering 高电压工程glow discharge 辉光放电highvoltage testing technology 高电压试验技术harmonic 谐波Power electronics 电力电子Automatic control 自动控制Principles of electric circuits 电路原理 Digital signal processing 数字信号处理电气工程专业英语词汇表2 power system 电力系统impulse current 冲击电流 power network 电力网络 impulse flashover 冲击闪络 insulation 绝缘 inhomogenous field 不均匀场 overvoltage 过电压insulation coordination 绝缘配合aging 老化internal discharge 内部放电 alternating current 交流电 lightning stroke 雷电波 AC transmission system 交流输电系统 lightning overvoltage 雷电过电压介质)损耗角 arc discharge 电弧放电 loss angle(介质损耗角介质attachment coefficient 附着系数magnetic field 磁场attenuation factor 衰减系数mean free path 平均自由行程anode(cathode)阳极阴极 mean molecular velocity 平均分子速度阳极(阴极阴极)breakdown(电)击穿negative ions 负离子电击穿bubble breakdown 气泡击穿 non-destructive testing 非破坏性试验cathode ray oscilloscope 阴极射线示波器 non-uniform field 不均匀场 cavity 空穴腔 partial discharge 局部放电空穴,腔 corona 电晕peak reverse voltage 反向峰值电压 composite insulation 组合绝缘photoelectric emission 光电发射 critical breakdown voltage 临界击穿电压 photon 光子 Discharge 放电 phase-to-phase voltage 线电压 Dielectric 电介质绝缘体 polarity effect 极性效应电介质,绝缘体 dielectric constant 介质常数 power capacitor 电力电容 dielectric loss 介质损耗quasi-uniform field 稍不均匀场direct current 直流电radio interference 无线干扰divider ratio 分压器分压比rating of equipment 设备额定值grounding 接地routing testing 常规试验electric field 电场 residual capacitance 残余电容 electrochemical deterioration 电化学腐蚀 shielding 屏蔽 electron avalanche 电子崩short circuit testing 短路试验electronegative gas 电负性气体space charge 空间电荷 epoxy resin 环氧树脂 streamer breakdown 流注击穿expulsion gap 灭弧间隙surface breakdown 表面击穿field strength 场强 sustained discharge 自持放电 field stress 电场力switching overvoltage 操作过电压field distortion 场畸变thermal breakdown 热击穿 field gradient 场梯度 treeing 树枝放电field emission 场致发射 uniform field 均匀场 flashover 闪络 wave front(tail)波头尾)波头(尾gaseous insulation 气体绝缘withstand voltage 耐受电压Prime mover 原动机Power factor 功率因数Torque 力矩Distribution automation system 配电网自动化系统Servomechanism 伺服系统Automatic meter reading 自动抄表Boiler 锅炉Armature 电枢Internal combustion engine 内燃机Brush 电刷Deenergize 断电 Commutator 换向器 Underground cable 地下电缆Counter emf 反电势电气工程专业英语词汇表3 退磁,去磁Loop system 环网系统Demagnetization 退磁去磁Distribution system 配电系统 Relay panel 继电器屏 Trip circuit 跳闸电路 Tertiary winding 第三绕组 Switchboard 配电盘开关屏 Eddy current 涡流配电盘,开关屏Instrument transducer 测量互感器Copper loss 铜损Oil-impregnated paper 油浸纸绝缘 Iron loss 铁损 Bare conductor 裸导线 Leakage flux 漏磁通 Reclosing 重合闸 Autotransformer 自耦变压器 Distribution dispatch center 配电调度中心 Zero sequence current 零序电流 Pulverizer 磨煤机 Series(shunt)compensation 串(并)联补偿并联补偿汽包,炉筒 Drum 汽包炉筒 Restriking 电弧重燃Superheater 过热器 Automatic oscillograph 自动录波仪 Peak-load 峰荷 Tidal current 潮流 Prime grid substation 主网变电站 Trip coil 跳闸线圈 Reactive power` 无功功率 Synchronous condenser 同步调相机 Active power 有功功率 Main and transfer busbar 单母线带旁路 Shunt reactor 并联电抗器 Feeder 馈电线 Blackout 断电、停电Skin effect 集肤效应断电、Extra-high voltage(EHV)超高压Potential stress 电位应力电场强度电位应力(电场强度电场强度)Ultra-high voltage(UHV)特高压Capacitor bank 电容器组Domestic load 民用电crusher 碎煤机Reserve capacity 备用容量pulverizer 磨煤机 Fossil-fired power plant 火电厂 baghouse 集尘室 Combustion turbine 燃气轮机 Stationary(moving)blade 固定可动叶片固定(可动可动)叶片Right-of-way 线路走廊Shaft 转轴Rectifier 整流器Kinetic(potential)energy 动(势)能Inductive(Capacitive)电势能感的(电容的电容的)感的电容的Pumped storage power station 抽水蓄能电站Reactance(impedance)电抗阻抗Synchronous condenser 同步调相机电抗(阻抗阻抗)Reactor 电抗器 Light(boiling)-water reactor 轻(沸)水反应堆沸水反应堆电抗的,无功的Reactive 电抗的无功的Stator(rotor)定(转)子Phase displacement(shift)相移转子Armature 电枢Surge 冲击过电压Salient-pole 凸极冲击,过电压Retaining ring 护环Slip ring 滑环Carbon brush 炭刷Arc suppression coil 消弧线圈Short-circuit ratio 短路比Primary(backup)relaying 主(后备继电保护后备)继电保护后备Induction 感应 Phase shifter 移相器 Autotransformer 自藕变压器Power line carrier(PLC)电力线载波器)电力线载波(器 Bushing 套管Line trap 线路限波器 Turn(turn ratio)匝(匝比变比 Uninterruptible power supply 不间断电源匝比,变比匝比变比)Power factor 功率因数 Spot power price 实时电价分时(电价电价)Tap 分接头 Time-of-use(tariff)分时电价Recovery voltage 恢复电压 XLPE(Cross Linked Polyethylene)交联聚乙烯(电缆电缆)交联聚乙烯电缆Arc reignition 电弧重燃Rms(root mean square)均方根值 Operationmechanism 操动机构 RF(radio frequency)射频电气工程专业英语词汇表4 Pneumatic(hydraulic)气动(液压)Rpm(revolution per minute)转/ 分Nameplate 铭牌LAN(local area network)局域网Independent pole operation 分相操作 LED(light emitting diode)发光二极管 Malfunction 失灵 Single(dual, ring)bus 单(双,环形母线环形)母线双环形 Shield wire 避雷线 IC(integrated circuit)集成电路Creep distance 爬电距离 FFT(fast Fourier transform)快速傅立叶变换 Silicon rubber 硅橡胶 Telemeter 遥测 Composite insulator 合成绝缘子Load shedding 甩负荷Converter(inverter)换流器逆变器Lateral 支线换流器(逆变器逆变器)Bus tie breaker 母联断路器Power-flow current 工频续流Protective relaying 继电保护sparkover 放电 Transfer switching 倒闸操作 Silicon carbide 碳化硅Outgoing(incoming)line 出(进)线 Zinc oxide 氧化锌进线相位超前(滞后滞后)Phase Lead(lag)相位超前滞后 Withstand test 耐压试验Static var compensation(SVC)静止无功补偿Dispatcher 调度员Flexible AC transmission system(FACTS)灵活交流输电系统Supervisory control and data acquisition(SCADA)监控与数据采集EMC(electromagnetic compatibility)电磁兼容ISO(internationalstandardization organization)国际标准化组织GIS(gas insulated substation, geographic information system)气体绝缘变电站地理信息系统 IEC(international Electrotechnical Commission)国际电工(技术技术)委员会国际电工技术委员会 IEEE(Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers)电气与电子工程师学会(美)美IEE(Institution of Electrical Engineers)电气工程师学会(英电气工程师学会英)scale 刻度量程 calibrate 校准刻度,量程 rated 额定的 terminal 接线端子保险丝,熔丝 fuse 保险丝熔丝 humidity 湿度 resonance 谐振共振 moisture 潮湿湿气谐振,共振潮湿,湿气 analytical 解析的 operation amplifier 运算放大器numerical 数字的amplitude modulation(AM)调幅frequency-domain 频域frequency modulation(FM)调频time-domain 时域binary 二进制 operation amplifier 运算放大器 octal 八进制 active filter 有源滤波器decimal 十进制passive filter 无源滤波器hexadecimal 十第三篇：电气工程及其自动化专业英语电气工程及其自动化专业英语老师：学生:专业：电气工程及其自动化学院：学号：Automatic Control system自动控制系统When a specific systemis proposed for a given application,it mustsatisfy certain requirements.This may involve the system response or optimization of the system in a specified way.These requirements that a control system must meet are generally called performance specifications.当一个精细的系统被推引入一个给定的应用程序的时候，它必须满足这个特定的要求。
电气工程及其自动化专业英语单词
current ['kʌrənt] n. 电流alternating current 交流电流direct current 直流电流current density 电流密度active current 有功电流reactive current 无功电流voltage ['vəultidʒ] n. 电压voltage drop 电压降落voltage gain 电压增益voltage divider 分压器voltage stabilizer 稳压器variable ['vεəriəbl] n. 变量；a.可变的，可调的，易变的complex variable 复变量dependent variable 因变量independent variable 自变量input variable 输入变量charge n. 电荷，充电；v. 充电，带电，起电charge distribution 电荷分布charge particle 带电粒子test charge 试验电荷positive charge 正电荷negative charge 负电荷coulomb n. 库仑（电荷的单位）coulomb meter 库仑计circuit ['sə:kit] n. 电路circuit diagram 电路图analogue circuit 模拟电路short circuit 短路open circuit 开路active circuit 有源电路passive circuit 无源电路underlying [,ʌndə'laiiŋ] a. ①基本的，根本的②潜在的，在下（面）的，下伏的electron [i'lektrɔn] n. 电子magnitude ['mæɡnitju:d] n. 大小，尺寸，数量，数值electromotive a. 电动的，起电的electromotive force 电动势ampere ['æmpεə] n. 安，安培（电流的单位）ampere meter 安培ampere turn 安匝volt ampere 伏安integrate ['intiɡreit, 'intiɡrit, -ɡreit] v. 积分，求积分work n. 功potential a.势的，位的，电位的；n.势（能）,位(能), 电势(位,压) potential difference 电位差，电势差earth potential 地电势（位）potential energy 势（位）能reference potential 参考（基准）电位rectangular ['rek'tæŋɡjulə] a. 矩形的，直角的，正交的joule [dʒu:l, dʒaul] n. 焦尔（能量、热量、功的单位）volt [vɔlt] n. 伏特（电压、电位、电势的单位）electron volt 电子伏特voltaic a. 动[流]的，电压的，电镀的，伏打(式)的voltaic battery 伏打电池convention [kən'venʃən] n. 习惯，惯例，常规by convention 按照惯例reference direction 参考方向polarity [pəu'lærəti] n. 极性power n. ①功率，效率②动力，电力，能力，电源③乘方，幂watt n. 瓦特（功率的单位）time-varying a. 时变的instant n. 瞬间，瞬时，即刻，时刻；a.立刻的，直接的，紧急的，迫切的instantaneous [,instən'teinjəs] a.瞬时（作用）的，瞬息的，即刻的instantaneous power 瞬时功率passive a. ①无源的②消极的，被动的；n. 无源passive network 无源网络algebraic a. 代数的active a. ①有源的，有功的，有效的②活动的，主动的，积极的③活性的，放射的，激励的active element 有源元件resistor n 电阻，电阻器capacitor n. 电容器inductor n. 电感器source n. 电源，（光，能，动力，信号，辐射，根，来，起）源voltage source 电压源current source 电流源ideal independent source 理想独立源constant voltage source 恒定电压源independent source 独立源dependent source 受控源controlled source 受控源voltage-controlled voltage source电压控制电压源current-controlled voltage source电流控制电压源voltage-controlled current source电压控制电流源current-controlled current source电流控制电流源generator n. ①发电机②（脉冲，信号，气体）发生器，振荡器，加速器AC generator 交流发电机diamond-shaped a. 菱形的transistor n. 晶体管，半导体管operational a. ①运算的，计算的②操作的，工作的，业务的，运转的amplifier n. 放大器integrated circuit 集成电路token n. ①标记，象征②特征by the same token 同理，同样；另外，还有Ohm 欧姆（电阻，电抗，阻抗的单位）Ohm's Law 欧姆定律resistance n. ①电阻,电阻器（件,装置）②阻力，阻尼③抵抗，抵制，反对resistance load 电阻(性)负载magnetic resistance 磁阻measuring resistance 标准电阻,测量用电阻rearrange v. 重新整理（安排,布置,排列）,调整linear a. ①线性的，一次的②（直）线的，直线型的，线状的linear resistor 线性电阻nonlinear a. 非线性的，非直线的nonlinear resistor 非线性电阻incandescent a. 白炽（热）的，炽热的incandescent lamp 白炽灯voltage-current characteristic 伏安特性short circuit 短路open circuit 开路conductance n. ①电导，导电性，导纳②传导（性，率，系数），导率siemens n. 西门子（电导单位）network n. 网络，电路，电网linear time-varying network 线性变参数网络network analyzer 网络分析器configuration n. 结构，构造topology n. 拓扑，拓扑学，拓扑结构node n. ①节点，结点，交点，叉点②（波）节，结，节branch n. ①支路，支线，支脉②分支（路，线，流）③部门，分部，分行dimension n. ①维（数），度（数）②尺寸，线度③量纲，因次loop n. 回路，闭合电路，环路，循环，环clockwise a.; ad. 顺时针方向（的）counterclockwise a.; ad. 逆时针方向（的）nodal a. 节点的，结点的，交点的，节的，结的nodal analysis 节点分析mesh n. 网孔，网格，网眼，网状mesh analysis 网孔分析simultaneous a. ①联立（方程）的②同时（存在，发生）的，一起的，同步的quotient n. ①商（数），系数②份额，应分得的部分determinant n. ①行列式②决定因素，遗传素datum n. ①基准（点，线，面），基标②数据，资料，信息chassis n. 底盘，底（盘）架，底板（座）planar a. ①平面的，平的②二维的，二度的error-minimizing a. 令错误最少的symmetry n. 对称（性，现象），均称，调和coefficient n. ①系数，因数，常数，率②折算率phasor n. 相量，相图，相位复（数）矢量phasor diagram 相量图sinusoidal a. 正弦（波，式，形，曲线）的steady-state a. 稳态的domain n. ①（定义）域，区（领）域，定义范围②区，范围，界time domain 时域frequency domain 频域transform v.; n. ①变换，改变，转换，换（折）算②变换式，反式magnitude n. ①大小，幅值，幅度，量，数量，尺寸，②等级，量级phase n. ①相（位）②（发展）阶段，时期，局面③方（侧）面three-phase 三相single-phase 单相phase voltage 相电压phase current 相电流(be) out of phase 异相（的）lag n.; v. 滞后，落后，迟（时）滞lead v. 超前，提前，领先AC = alternating current 交流电流，交流电，交流DC = direct current 直流电流，直流电，直流theorem n. 定理，原理（则），命题，法则Thevenin's theorem 戴维南定理superposition n. 叠加，重叠superposition theorem 叠加定理transmission n. 输电，传（输，递，送，播，导）equivalent a. 等效的，等值的，等同的amplitude n. 振幅，幅度，波幅effective a. 有效的，等效的，生效的，能行的，有作用的，有影响的sequence n. 顺序，次序，时序，序列，系列positive sequence 正序negative sequence 负序，反序phase sequence 相序load n. 负荷，负载impedance n. 阻抗topologically ad. 在拓扑结构上，从拓扑结构electronics n. 电子学，电子仪器，电子设备，电子线路understatement n. 轻描淡写，有节制的表达omnipresent a. 无处不在的，普遍存在的electronic a. 电子（学）的transaction n. ①交易，业务②办理，处理，执行，记录digital a. 数字的，数字式的，计数的espionage n. 谍报，间谍活动，密探，监视signal-processing a. 信号处理的analog n. ①模拟（量，装置，设备，系统）②类似，类比，比拟velocity n. 速度，速率thermocouple n. 热电偶discrete a. 离散的，不连续的，分散的household a.; n. 家用的，普通的，一般用途的，家庭，家，户thermostat n. 恒温器，定温器，温度自动调节器preset v.; a. ①预定，预置，（预先）调整②安装程序，给定程序的switch n. 开关；v. 接通或关断，转变，换接A/D = Analog-to-Digital 模数转换，模数变换D/A = Digital-to-Analog 数模转换，数模变换transducer n. 传感器，变送器，发射器，换能器，换流器excitation n. ①激励，激发，激磁②刺激，干扰display v. 显示，显像，表现，陈列，展览；n. 显示，指示，表现Boolean 布尔的logic gate 逻辑门symbolic a. 符号的，记号的，象征（性）的proof n. 证明，证实，证据；v. 检验；a. 试验过的，合乎标准的，防……的singularly ad. 非凡地，特殊地，奇异地，单独地Manipulation n. 处理，计算，操作，控制，管理binary n.; a. 二进制的，二进位的，二元的，二成分的②二，双，复arithmetic n. 算术，计算，运算；a. 算术的，计算的，运算的associative a. 结合的，联合的，相关的，commutative a. 交换的，换向的，代替的，相互的distributive a. 分配的，分布的，个别的truth table 真值表multiplication n. ①乘法，相乘②增加，增多，增殖，倍增addition n. ①加法②增加，附加，相加conjunctive a. ①合取的，逻辑乘的②连接的，连系的disjunctive a. 析取的，分离的，转折的identity n. 单位，同一，完全相同，一致，恒等，身份null n. ; a. ①零的，空的，无②不存在的，没有的complement n.; a. ①补码，补数，余的，补的②补充，互补displacement n. ①位移，变位，移动，平移，偏移②排（水，汽，气，液）量intensity n. ①强度，密度，亮度，光强②强烈，紧张regulation n. ①调整，校准，控制②规则，规章，规程，章程，条例，细则quantize v. ①量化，分层，取离散值②（使）量子化clarity n. 清晰，清晰度，透明，透明度sine n. 正弦fidelity n. 保真，保真度，逼真，逼真度disc n. 盘，圆片，唱片sample v. 采样，取样，抽样；n. 采样，样品，标本，模型，实例straightforward a. ①直接的，明确的，坦率的②简单的，易懂的③顺向的，流水作业的sensitive a. 敏感的，灵敏的，易感光的；n. 对……敏感的材料sensitive element 敏感元件voltage divider 分压器photoelectric a. 光电的piezoelectric a. 压电的amplification n. 放大（率，系数，倍数，作用），加强，增强pulse n. 脉冲，脉动integral a. 积分的，累积的，整数的，整体的，总体的；n. 积分，整数，整体parameter n. 参数，参量，系数precision n. 精度，精密，精确； a. 精确的，精密的incompatible a 不相容的，不一致的concurrently ad. 同时microsecond n. 微秒bit n. 位，比特，二进制数full-scale a. ①满刻度的，满标度的，满量程的②完全的，全面的quantization n. 量化，分层，把连续量转换为数字byte n. 字节code n. 编码，密码，符号；v. 编码，译码encode v. 编码，译码，把……译成电码weighted a. ①加权的，权重的，加重的②受力的，负载的receipt n. 收到，接收，收据amplifier n. 放大器register n. ①寄存器，②记录，登记，注册，挂号；v. ①登记，注册，挂号②记数，存储parallel-in 并联输入的parallel-out 并联输出的resolution n. 分辨率，鉴别力gain n. 增益，放大系数，放大率，增量drift n. 漂移，偏移operational amplifier 运算放大器difference amplifier 差动放大器differential a. 微分的，差动的，差分的，差别的；n. 微分，差动，差分，差别feedback n. 反馈，回复，反应stability n. ①稳定性，稳定度，安定性，复原性②耐……性，耐久性capacitive a. 电容性的，电容的，容性的coupling n. 耦合,偶合,连接；a. 耦合的,连接的long-term a. 长期的，远期的power-supply n. 电源solid-state a. 固态的microvolt n. 微伏saturate v. 使饱和；a. 饱和的，浸透的comparator n. 比较器swing v.; n. 摇摆，摆动single-ended a. 单端的two-sided a. 双边的，双侧的，两边的，两方面的frequency band 频带semiconductor n. 半导体power electronic n. 电力电子loss n. 损耗，损失parasitic a. 寄生的，附加的winding n. ①绕组，线圈②一圈，一转transformer n 变压器，变换器，变量器dielectric n. 介质，电介质，绝缘材料；a. 绝缘的，介电的，介质的，不导电的eddy n. 涡流，旋涡； a. 涡流的，涡旋的；v. 涡流，起旋涡hysteresis n. 磁滞，滞后，迟滞on-state a. 通态的，接通的，开态off-state a. 关态的，断开的，断态的microamp n. 微安milliamp n. 毫安steering n. 转向，操纵，控制，调整buildup n. ①形成，产生，出现②增加，增大，上升③建造，建起ramp v. 斜变，倾斜，直线上升waveform n. 波形clamp v. 箝位，定位，使固定snubbering n. 缓冲zero-voltage 电压过零的zero-current 电流过零的ripple n.波纹，波度，微波rectifier n. 整流器isolation transformer 隔离变压器interface n. 接口Buck converter 降压式变换器，降压式斩波器Boost converter 升压式变换器，升压式斩波器Buck-Boost converter 升/降式变换器，升/降式斩波器quadrant n.象限，四分之一圆周，九十度弧step-down a. 降压的，降低的step-up a. 升压的，升高的dual a. 二重的，对偶的filter n.; v. 滤波，过滤periodically ad. 周期地portable a. 手提的，轻便的，可携带的sink n. 换能器，变换器，散热器，汇点，收点，穴hypothetical a. 假设的，假定的，有前提的duty ratio 功率比，能量比turn ratio 匝数比PWM pulse width modulation 脉冲宽度调制switch-mode power supplies 开关电源inverter n. 逆变器uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) 不间断电源single-phase a. 单相的three-phase a. 三相的parameter n. 参数unidirectional a. 单极性的，单向的electromagnetic a. 电磁的relay v. 中继，转播；n. 继电器synchronous motor 同步电动机torque n. 转矩non-sinusoidal a. 非正弦的low-pass 低通smoother n.滤波器，整平器polarity n. 极性bidirectional a. 双向的harmonics n. 谐波high order harmonics 高次谐波induction n. 感应square-wave 方波response time 响应时间notching n. ; a. 阶梯式，下凹的，切口，开槽step pulse 阶跃脉冲induction machine 感应电机horseshoe n. ①马蹄形，U形②马蹄铁magnet n. 磁铁，磁石，磁体horseshoe magnet 马蹄形磁铁permanent magnet 永久磁铁perpendicular a. ①（与……）垂直的②直立的；n. 垂直，正交，竖直magnetic field 磁场induction machine 感应电机horseshoe n. ①马蹄形，U形②马蹄铁magnet n. 磁铁，磁石，磁体horseshoe magnet 马蹄形磁铁eddy n. 涡流，涡旋permanent magnet 永久磁铁perpendicular a. ①（与……）垂直的②直立的；n. 垂直，正交，竖直magnetic field 磁场bar n. ①线棒，导条②条，杆slot n. ①槽②隙缝lamination n. ①叠片，冲片②分层③薄片braze v.铜焊，钎焊solder n.焊料，接合物；v. 焊，焊接short-circuiting a. 使短路的ring n. 环squirrel cage 鼠笼core n. ①铁芯②心，核心coil n. 线圈，绕组random-wound 散绕form-wound 模绕insulation n. 绝缘performance characteristics 工作特性air-gap 气隙polyphase n.; a. 多相，多相的motoring n.; a. 电动机运行plugging 反向制动，反相序制动控制generating n.; a. 发电机运行synchronous speed 同步速breakdown torque 失步转矩，停转转矩locked-rotor torque 止转转矩，起动转矩breakaway n. ①起步，起动②分离，脱离breakaway force 起动力rated a. ①额定的，标称的②计算的，设计的full-load a. 满（负）载的overhauling a. 检修的，大修的prime mover 原动机induction generator 感应发电机，异步发电机wind-driven generator 风力发电机inrush current 涌流synchronous machine 同步发电机armature n. 电枢armature winding 电枢绕组field winding 励磁绕组，磁极绕组quantitative a. 量的，数量的，定量的salient a. 凸出的，凸的，突出的salient pole 凸极saturation n. 饱和，饱和度cylindrical-rotor 隐极式转子，鼓极转子steam-turbine-driven generator 汽轮发电机Y-connected windings 星形连接绕组turbine generator 涡轮发电机，汽轮发电机，水轮发电机cps = cycles per second 周/秒，赫rpm = revolutions per minute 转/分steam turbine 汽轮机rating n. 额定值，额定参数；标称值，定额efficiency n. 效率wedge n. 楔[形]，楔形物，槽楔；v. 楔进，斜楔concentric coil 同心线圈slip ring 滑环lead n. ①导线，导管，引线②铅；v. 超前，导前，引导carbon brush 碳刷mmf = magnetomotive force 磁动势step wave 阶跃波diameter n. 直径vibration n. 振荡field current 励磁电流exciter n. 励磁机shaft n. 轴regulation n. 调节stability n. 稳定性，稳定ventilation n. 通风，换气，通风装置flux n. 通量，磁力线transformer n. 变压器wrap v.; n. 包裹，包扎，缠绕，卷ferromagnetic core 铁磁芯primary winding 一次绕组，原绕组，初级绕组secondary winding 二次绕组，副绕组，次级绕组tertiary winding 三次绕组，第三绕组power transformer 电力变压器core form 铁芯式shell form 壳式innermost a. 最内部的，最里面的，最深处的leakage flux 漏磁通unit transformer 单元（机组）变压器substation transformer 配电变压器distribution transformer 配电变压器potential transformer 电压互感器current transformer 电流互感器copper loss 铜耗hysteresis loss 磁滞损耗，磁滞损失reluctance n. 磁阻self-inductance 自感应core-loss 铁芯损耗distill 提取…精华，蒸馏instruction 指令document n.文件thermostat 恒温器，定温器，温度自动调节器audio signal n. 声频信号，音频信号program n. 程序keyboard n. 键盘software n. 软件central processing unit 中央处理单元workstation n. 工作站videogame console 视频游戏操作板mainframe n. 主机，主机架supercomputer 超级计算机server 服务器client 客户microcomputer 微型计算机desktop computer 台式计算机notebook computer 笔记本电脑handheld computer 掌上电脑computer-aided 计算机辅助的three-dimensional 三维的animated graphics 动画图像local area network ( LAN)局域网LCD screen ( liquid crystal display screen ) 液晶显示屏display device 显示设备mouse n. 鼠标floppy disk drive 软盘驱动器hard disk drive 硬盘驱动器CD-ROM drive CD-ROM驱动器DVD drive DVD驱动器CD-writer CD写入器，刻录机sound card 声卡rudimentary a. 基本的，基础的，初步的，根本的built-in a. 嵌入的，安装在内部的，内装的，机内的modem n. 调制解调器peripheral device 外围设备scanner n. 扫描仪digital camera 数码相机joystick n. 控制杆graphics tablet 图形板operating system 操作系统miniaturized a. 小型的，小型化的ALU (arithmetic logic unit) 算术逻辑单元control unit 控制单元register n. 寄存器cycle n. 周期clock cycle 时钟周期word size 字长cache n. 高速患缓冲存储器instruction set 指令集megahertz n. 兆赫，兆赫兹gigahertz n. 吉赫，吉赫兹motherboard n. 母板, 主板chip n. 芯片，晶片，组件CISC (complex instruction set computer) 复杂指令集计算机RISC (reduced instruction set computer) 简化指令集合计算机serially ad. 串行地serial processing 串行处理parallel processing 并行处理pipelining a. 流水线的RAM (Random Access Memory) 随机存储器operating system 操作系统plug v. 插入，插上；n. 插头，插入物microscopic a. 微观的，细微的，显微（镜）的，显微的charge v. 充电，带电，起电；n. 电荷，充电discharge v. 放电bit n. 位byte n. 字节volatile a. 易失的，挥发的，易挥发的，易变的，短暂的megabytes (MB) 兆字节software package 软件包install v. 安装virtual memory 虚拟存储器nanosecond 纳秒SDRAM (synchronous dynamic RAM) 同步动态RAMROM (Read-Only Memory) 只读存储器startup n. 起动caterpillar-like a. 履带式的DIP ①= double in-line package 双列直插式组件②=dual in-line package 双列式封装BIOS (basic input/output system) 基本输入输出系统CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor memory)rechargeable battery 充电电池setup 安装update v. 更新，修改，校正slot n. 槽expansion slot 扩展槽port n. 端口data bus 数据总线expansion bus 扩展总线socket n. 插座，插口expansion card 扩展卡adapter n. 适配器USB universal series bus 通用串行总线storage device 存储设备download v.; n. 下载ISA (industry standard architecture)工业标准结构PCI (peripheral component interconnect) 外部设备互连video capture card 视频捕获卡interface n.; v. 接口AGP (accelerated graphics port) 加速图形端口serial port 串行端口jack n. 插座，插孔，插口，弹簧开关protrude v.（使）伸出，突出，推出cutout n. 中断装置，断流器，断路器CRT (cathode ray tube) 阴极射线管LCD (liquid crystal display) 液晶显示dots of color 色点stand-alone 独立的diagonally ad. 对角地dot pitch 点距clarity n. 清晰度pixel n. 像素，图素，像元resolution n. 分辨率, 分辨度ink jet 喷墨printout n. 打印输出nozzle n. 喷管，喷头，喷嘴cartridge n. 夹头，卡盘cyan a.; n. 蓝绿色的，蓝绿色magenta a.; n. 深红色的，深红色photocopier n. 照相复印机，影印机light-sensitive a. 光敏的drum n. 磁鼓electrostatically ad. 静电地multicolored a. 多色的default n. 缺省，默认ribbon n. 色带module n. 模件，组件，模块document n. 文件，文献，公文Web browsing 网页浏览programmer n. 程序员computer language 计算机语言binary a.；n. 二进制的，二进位source code 源代码high-level language 高级语言machine language 机器语言batch n. 批，一批object code 目标代码compiler n. 编译程序interpreter n. 解释程序script n. 脚本operand n. 操作数octal a. 八进制的hexadecimal a. 十六进制的assembler n. 汇编程序system software 系统软件application software 应用软件operation system 操作系统user interface 用户界面，用户接口menu n. 菜单toolbar n. 工具条button n. 按钮compatible a. 兼容的，可共存的，兼容制的graphical user interface 图形用户界面click v. 按file management system 文件管理系统bootstrap n. 引导bootstrap program 引导程序single-user operating system 单用户操作系统multiuser operating system 多用户操作系统multitasking operating system 多任务操作系统data base 数据库redundant a. 冗余的，多余的，fault-tolerant a. 容错的redundancy n. 冗余disk array 磁盘阵列home computer 家用电脑dial up 拨号repository n. 仓库twisted-pair 双绞的，双绞线的coaxial cable 同轴电缆fiber-optic cable 光缆，光纤电缆microwave n. 微波infrared a. 红外线的；n. 红外线shielded a. 屏蔽的unshielded a. 非屏蔽的strand n. 股，股线bandwidth n. 带宽high-bandwidth 高带宽low-bandwidth 低带宽broadband n. 宽带narrowband n. 窄带hub n. 集线器router n. 路由器gateway n. 网关repeater n. 中继器，转播器electric power system 电力系统cable n. 电缆，缆，钢丝绳；v. 架设电缆，敷设电缆fuse n. 保险丝，熔断器；引信；v. 熔化，熔断meter n. 米；测量仪表，计量器customer n. 客户，用户radius n. 半径incandescent lamp 白炽灯transmission line 输电线路power loss 功率损耗voltage drop 电压降落AC transmission 交流输电transmission system 输电系统utility n. 公用事业，效用，中心电站flexibility n. 灵活性，机动性，适应性；柔性，柔度interconnection n. 相互连接，互联asynchronous a. 异步的nominal frequency 额定频率misoperation n. 误操作，误动作paramount a. 最高的，头等的；高过，优于in parallel 并联地synchronously ad. 同步地facility n. ①容易，方便②灵活，熟练③（便利）条件④（常用复数）设备，装置，工具，器材primary energy 一次能源fossil n. 化石，石块hydraulic a. 水力[学]的，水压的，液压的，液力的mechanical energy 机械能switching device 开关装置，开关设备subtransmission n. 二次输电subtransmission system 分支输电系统，二次输电系统distribution system 配电系统substation n. 变电所，变电站，分站，分所feeder n. 馈线，馈电电路redundancy n. 多余，冗余contingency n. 意外事故，偶然事故reliable a. 可靠的bus n. 母线overload n. 过载，超载，过负荷optimal a. 优化的，最优的，最佳的production cost 生产成本，生产费用hydro-generation n. 水力发电dry period 枯水期replenishment n.（再）补充，充实，充满economic dispatch 经济调度economic operation 经济运行security n. 安全性，可靠性emission n. 排放，放出，散放tie-line n. 联络线var flow 无功潮流throttle n. 阀门，节流阀，调速汽门thermal unit 热力机组，热力单位magnetizing current 激磁电流，励磁电流electric clock 电钟active power balance 有功功率平衡supplementary control 辅助控制load-frequency control (LFC) 负荷频率控制speed governor 调速器underfrequency load shedding 低周减载，低频减负荷automatic generation control (AGC) 自动发电控制stabilize v. 使……稳定reactive power 无功功率active power 有功功率automatic voltage regulator 自动电压调节器shunt capacitor 并联电容器，并联电容shunt reactor 并联电抗器，并联电抗synchronous condenser 同步调相机static var compensators (SVCs) 静止无功补偿器series capacitor 串联电容器tap-changing transformer 可调分接头变压器booster n. 升压器，增压器，加压泵angular a. 角的，角度的power versus angle relationship 功角关系synchronous reactance 同步电抗，功率—角度关系excitation voltage 励磁电压angular displacement 角位移rotor angle stability 转角稳定性，功角稳定性voltage stability 电压稳定性electromechanical a. 机电的electromagnetic a. 电磁的equilibrium n. 平衡，均衡mechanism n. 机理，机制；机构，装置；结构synchronism n. 同步accelerate v. 加速，促进decelerate v. 减速mechanical torque 机械转矩electrical torque 电气转矩outage n. 停电，断电，中断，停运，停机，事故short-circuit fault 短路故障power-angle relationship 功角关系fluctuation n. 波动，起伏small-signal stability 小信号稳定性transient stability 暂态稳定性small disturbance stability 小干扰稳定性damp v. 阻尼，（使）减弱，减幅；n. 阻尼，衰减damping torque 阻尼转矩instability 不稳定性out of step 失步synchronizing torque 同步转矩non-oscillatory a. 非振荡的，非周期的disturbance n. 扰动，干扰post-disturbance a. 干扰后的，扰动后的，事故后的unstable a. 不稳定的first-swing n.; a. 第一次摇摆power system protection 电力系统保护，电力系统继电保护abnormality n. 异常，反常，不正常sense v. 检测，读出，断定；感觉，感受，感到relay n. 继电器，中继器；v. 中继，转播，用继电器控制circuit breaker 断路器trip coil 跳闸线圈，脱扣线圈electromechanical relay 电磁继电器solid state 固态static relay 静态继电器，无触点继电器self-checking 自检，自校maloperation n. 误操作，误动作，维护不当energize v. 激励，激磁，驱动，通以电流overcurrent relay 过电流继电器undervoltage relay 低电压继电器，欠压继电器underfrequency relay 低周继电器，低频继电器directional relay 方向继电器thermal relay 热继电器，温度继电器，热敏继电器phase sequence relay 相序继电器negative sequence relay 负序继电器zero sequence relay 零序继电器differential relay 差动继电器percentage differential relay 比率差动继电器distance relay 距离继电器plane impedance relay 平面阻抗继电器angle impedance relay 角度阻抗继电器angle admittance relay 角度导纳继电器Mho relay 姆欧继电器，电导继电器offset relay 偏置继电器restricted relay 制约式继电器pilot relay 控制继电器，辅助继电器wire pilot relay 有线控制继电器carrier channel pilot relay 载波控制继电器microwave pilot relay 微波控制继电器transductor relay 饱和电抗型继电器rectifier bridge relay 整流桥型继电器electronic relay 电子继电器3-φ fault 三相故障3-φ to ground fault 三相接地短路故障double line to ground fault 两相短路接地故障line to line fault 相间短路故障single line to ground fault 单相接地故障ground fault 接地故障internal fault 内部故障external fault 外部故障interturn fault 匝间故障overvoltage n. 过电压overheat v. 过热，使过热overheating n. 过热，超温lubrication oil 润滑油out of step 失步overspeed n.; v.; a. 超速，过速，超转速，过速的miscellaneous a. 杂的，杂项的，各种的；n. 其他resonance n. 谐振，共振trip v. （使）断开，（使）跳闸，切断，关闭mechanical resonance 机械共振hydro turbine 水轮机inertia n. 惯性，惯量undercurrent n. 欠电流，电流不足；a. 欠电流的，低电流的arcing n. 飞弧，发弧，弧击穿overexcitation n. 过励air-blast circuit breaker 压缩空气断路器oil circuit breaker 油断路器，多油断路器quench v.; n. 熄灭，熄弧arc-quenching n. 灭弧minimum-oil circuit breaker 少油断路器magnetic air circuit breaker 磁吹断路器SF6 circuit breaker 六氟化硫（SF6）断路器vacuum circuit breaker 真空断路器interrupting capability 开断容量，遮断容量deion grid 去电离栅极，灭弧栅interrupting time 开断时间，遮断时间nameplate n. 铭牌operating mechanism （断路器的）操动机构horn gap 角隙，角放电器火花源horn gap contact 带灭弧功能的触头air switch 空气开关spring-action 弹簧动作spring-action driving mechanism 弹簧操作机构insulating barrier 绝缘隔板arc chute 灭弧罩，灭弧隔板，电弧隔板blowout coil 灭弧线圈，消弧线圈arc-extinguishing a. 灭弧的，消弧的molded-resin 模制树脂，浇铸树脂trigger n. 触发，起动；v. 触发，起动，激发，引起outdoor a. 户外的live-tank 带电箱体dead-tank 接地箱体gas-insulated substations (GISs) 气体绝缘变电站vacuum-bottle n. 真空罐switchgear n. 开关设备，配电设备，配电装置voltage-to-current ratio 电压电流比time-delayed relay 延时继电器timer relay 时间继电器overreach v.; n. 越过，伸得过长current transformer 电流互感器voltage transformer 电压互感器remote back-up 远后备arcing fault 闪络故障underreach v.; n. 达不到backup n. 后备，支持，备份；a. 后备的，备用的，备份的response n. 响应，反应lightning n. 雷（电），闪电；a. 闪电（般）的lightning arrester 避雷器overhead ground wire 架空地线surge n.; v. 电[浪]涌，冲击，波动surge arrester 避雷器over-voltage n. 过电压switching surge 操作冲击，操作浪涌clip n. 线夹，接线柱，夹子；v. 夹住，箝，钳牢，固定ionizer n. 电离装置，游离装置silicon carbide 碳化硅，金刚砂spark gap 火[电]花隙，放电器，避雷器valve block 阀片break down 击穿，断裂，破裂arc chamber 电弧室zinc-oxide n.氧化锌metal-oxide varistor 金属氧化物压敏电阻器basic impulse insulation level (BIL) 基本冲击绝缘水平coal-fired a. 燃煤的furnace n. 炉，炉膛，燃烧室pulverizer n. 磨煤机，粉煤机preheated a. 预热的boiler n. 锅炉，蒸发器，蒸汽发生器flue gas 烟气，废气，排烟electrostatic a. 静电的precipitator n. 除尘器electrostatic precipitator 电除尘chimney n.（高）烟囱，烟筒coal hopper 煤斗burner n. 燃烧器，喷燃器cooling tower 冷却塔feed water pump 给水泵psi 磅/平方英寸（压强单位）shutoff n. 关闭，切断，断路exhaust steam 乏汽heater exchanger 热交换器condenser n. 凝结器，冷凝器feed-water 给水turbogenerator n. 涡轮发电机single-stage turbine 单级汽轮机thermal efficiency 热效率multi-stage turbine 多级汽轮机tandem a.; ad. 级联（的），串联的，前后排列的；n. 前后排列使用的一组事物in tandem 前后地，协力地，相互合作地superheater n. 过热器high-pressure turbine 高压汽轮机reheater n. 再热器intermediate-pressure turbine 中压汽轮机low-pressure turbine 低压汽轮机cogeneration n. 热电联产，热电联供acid rain 酸雨greenhouse effect 温室效应hydropower n. 水力，水力发电cubic a. 立体的，三次的，体积的，正六面体的dam n. 坝，堰penstock n. 水道，压力水管hydroplant n. 水电厂，水电站high head 高水头low head 低水头tail race 尾水渠，退水渠nozzle n. 喷嘴periphery n. 周边，周围，外围，范围blade n. 叶片，轮叶spoked wheel 辐轮start up 起动，开动，触发thermal plant 热电厂dispatcher 调度员sparingly 节省地，有节制地，少量地spillway n. 泄水道，溢水孔base-loading 基荷pumped storage 抽水蓄能peak load 高峰负荷off-peak 非峰值的on-line 在线daily load-demand curve 日负荷曲线shaves the peaks （负荷曲线的）削峰fills the troughs （负荷曲线的）填谷bucket wheel rotor 勺轮转子fission n.; v. 裂变，分裂，剥离nuclear power plant 核电站，核电厂reactor n. 反应堆，反应器；电抗器，电抗线圈coolant n. 冷却剂，冷却液light-water reactor 轻水反应堆boiling-water reactor （BWR）沸水反应堆pressured-water reactor (PWR) 压水反应堆reactor core 反应堆堆芯，反应堆活性区bypass valve 旁路阀门reactor coolant pump 反应堆冷却泵moderator n. 减速剂，慢化剂self-regulation 自调整negative feedback 负反馈pressurize v. 增压，对……加压，产生压力pressurizer n. 保持压力装置，增压装置setpoint 设定值，给定值make-up 补给[水]，补充let-down 下泄control rod （反应堆的）控制棒，控制杆visualize v. 使……可视化，具体化，形象化manoeuvre n. 调动，策略；v. 调动，操纵automatic control system 自动控制系统reconfigurable a. 可重构的，可再构的open-loop control system 开环控制系统functional block diagram 功能框图feedback n. 反馈closed-loop control system 闭环控制系统single-input single-output (SISO) 单输入单输出continuous control 连续控制discontinuous control 断续控制periodically ad. 周期地sample n. 采样，取样，样品，试件；v. 采样discrete-data 离散数据的sampled-data 采样数据的relay feedback control system 继电反馈控制系统servomechanism n. 伺服机构，伺服系统，随动系统multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) 多输入多输出modern control theory 现代控制理论trajectory n. 轨迹，轨道multivariable 多变量differential equation 微分方程Laplace transform 拉普拉氏变换frequency-response 频率响应root-locus 根轨迹time response 时域响应state variable 状态变量nth-order n阶matrix n. 矩阵mathematical model 数学模型eigenstructure n. 特征结构eigenvalue n. 特征值eigenvector n. 特征向量block-diagram 框图transfer function 传递函数negative feedback 负反馈error signal 误差信号operator n. 算子，算符，操作符，控制器complex parameter 复数参数frequency parameter 频率参数time domain 时域denominator n. 分母open-loop transfer function 开环传递函数forward transfer function 前向传递函数transient a. 暂态的，瞬态的，短暂的steady-state error 稳态误差controllability n. 可控性observability n. 可观性linear time-invariant system 线性时不变系统polynomial n.; a. 多项式（的）response n. 响应，答复，应答driving a. 驱动的real part 实部inverse transform 反变换pole n. 极，极点necessary condition 必要条件sufficient condition 充分条件imaginary axis 虚轴s plane s平面triangular a. 三角的conjugate n. 共轭值；a. 共轭的，共轭根的quadruplet n. 四件一套，四个一组numerator n. 分子performance n. 性能frequency response 频率响应passband n. 通带，频带dynamic performance 动态性能robust a. 强壮的，强健的，健全的，鲁棒的，坚固的performance index 性能指标modern control theory 现代控制理论synthesis n. 综合，合成Fourier transform 傅立叶变换，傅氏变换inverse Fourier transform 傅氏反变换definite integral 定积分analytical a. 解析的，分析的，分解的qualitatively ad. 定性地logarithmic a. 对数的rectangular coordinates 直角坐标logarithmic coordinates 对数坐标Bode plots 波特图phase angle 相角polar coordinates 极坐标Nyquist plots 奈奎斯特图dissipation n. 消耗energy-storage element 储能元件spurious a. 寄生的，杂散的，乱真的attenuate v. 衰减，减少，削弱semilog n. 半对数logarithm n. 对数asymptotic a. 渐近的decibel n. 分贝radian n. 弧度octave n. 八度，倍频程（八度）。
电气工程及其自动化专业英语
voltage drop 电压降 volt-ampere characteristics 伏安特性
metal-filament lamp 金属丝灯泡
carbon-filament lamp 碳丝灯泡
non-linear characteristics 非线性特性
Unit 1 Circuit Elements and Parameters
• With time-invariant currents and voltages, the magnetic anห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ electric fields of the associated electric plant are also timeinvariant. This is the reason why no e.m.f.s of self- (or mutual-)induction（自感或互感）appear in D.C. circuits, nor are there （倒装结构）any displacement currents （位移电 流）in the dielectric surrounding the conductors(导体周围的 电介质）.
Techniques
Unit 1 Specialized English Words
circuit components 电路元件
circuit parameters 电路参数
the dielectric 电介质
storage battery 蓄电池
electric circuit 电路
wire导线
电气工程及其自动化专业英语
Specialized English for Electrical Engineering ＆ Its Automation
电气工程及其自动化专业英语介绍
电气工程及其自动化专业英语介绍Introduction:Electrical Engineering and Automation is a field that combines the principles of electrical engineering with the latest advancements in automation technology. This interdisciplinary field plays a crucial role in designing, developing, and maintaining electrical systems and automation processes. In this article, we will provide an overview of the key aspects of Electrical Engineering and Automation, highlighting its importance in various industries.1. Importance of Electrical Engineering:1.1 Electrical Systems: Electrical engineers design and develop systems that generate, transmit, and distribute electrical power. They also work on improving the efficiency and reliability of existing systems.1.2 Electronics: Electrical engineers are involved in designing and developing electronic devices such as computers, smartphones, and medical equipment. They also work on improving the performance and functionality of these devices.1.3 Renewable Energy: Electrical engineers play a key role in the development of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power. They work on designing and implementing systems that harness these energy sources efficiently.2. Role of Automation Technology:2.1 Industrial Automation: Automation technology is used in various industries to improve efficiency, productivity, and safety. Electrical engineers work on designing and implementing automated systems for manufacturing processes.2.2 Robotics: Automation technology is also used in the field of robotics, where electrical engineers design and develop robotic systems for various applications such as manufacturing, healthcare, and space exploration.2.3 Control Systems: Electrical engineers work on designing and implementing control systems that regulate the operation of machines and processes. These systems ensure optimal performance and safety.3. Skills Required in Electrical Engineering and Automation:3.1 Technical Knowledge: Electrical engineers need a strong foundation in mathematics, physics, and electrical engineering principles. They also need to stay updated on the latest advancements in automation technology.3.2 Problem-Solving Skills: Electrical engineers must be able to analyze complex problems and come up with innovative solutions. They need to think critically and creatively to design and implement effective systems.3.3 Communication Skills: Electrical engineers often work in teams with professionals from other disciplines. They need to effectively communicate their ideas and collaborate with others to achieve project goals.4. Career Opportunities in Electrical Engineering and Automation:4.1 Electrical Engineer: Graduates in Electrical Engineering and Automation can work as electrical engineers in various industries such as power generation, telecommunications, and electronics manufacturing.4.2 Automation Engineer: Graduates can also work as automation engineers, designing and implementing automated systems in industries such as automotive, aerospace, and pharmaceuticals.4.3 Control Systems Engineer: Graduates can pursue a career as control systems engineers, working on designing and implementing control systems for various applications.5. Future Trends in Electrical Engineering and Automation:5.1 Internet of Things (IoT): The integration of IoT technology with electrical engineering and automation is expected to revolutionize various industries, enabling smart and connected systems.5.2 Artificial Intelligence (AI): AI technology is increasingly being used in automation systems to improve efficiency and decision-making processes. Electrical engineers will play a key role in implementing AI solutions.5.3 Sustainable Energy Solutions: With the growing focus on sustainability, electrical engineers will continue to work on developing innovative solutions for renewable energy generation and distribution.In conclusion, Electrical Engineering and Automation is a dynamic and interdisciplinary field that offers a wide range of career opportunities. Graduates in this field are well-equipped to contribute to the development of cutting-edge technologies and solutions for various industries.。
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晶体管和电子管
在大多数电器和电子设备，晶体管几乎完全取代电子管。
晶体管作为电子管执行相同的功能。
但是，它们也有几个重要的优点。
大公较小，从而使更紧凑的产品成为可能。
晶体管也比电子管更坚固耐用。
它通常会提供更好的性能，在一段较长的时间。
最重要的是，晶体管通常需要少得多的电流和电压下正常工作。
这样可以节省能源。
例如，12V汽车收音机使用管吸引约2.5A。
一个类似的晶体管汽车收音机提请只有一小部分的安培。
低功耗晶体管电路的需求尽可能小，重量轻，随身便携产品的工作很长一段时间，小，低小的电池。
各种各样的晶体管
最常见的两种类型的晶体管是NPN型晶体管和PNP晶体管。
它们通常被称为双极型晶体管，因为他们的操作取决于被布置为二极管连接在一个“背背”的方式这两种材料的移动。
这样的安排形成三个区域的发射极，基极和集电极。
这些地区被确定由符号E，B，和C。
的一晶体管的区域接合引线或标签，它连接在晶体管电路。
晶体管封装在金属外壳经常有第四铅被称为盾铅的。
将此导线安装在壳体内部，并连接到电路中的一个公共点。
金属外壳的屏蔽层附近晶体管表格的静电和磁场。
符号解释: 有一个方便的方式来记住的符号是否代表了一个结晶体管NPN 或PNP型。
注意代表发射器的箭头指向什么方向。
如果箭头指向相差形成的基，它可以被认为是“不指向N”，因此，该符号代表一个NPN晶体管。
如果箭头指向底座，它可以被认为是的“指向N”。
因此，这个符号代表的P-N-P晶体管。
鉴定: 大多数晶体管标识由一些字母代码，例如2N，然后通过一系列的数字，例如，2N104，2N337，2N556。
其它晶体管都确定了一系列的数字或数字和字母，例如40050，40404，和4D20的组合。
晶体上手册: 设备是否是NPN或PNP型的晶体管的识别码不表示。
晶体管手册或规格表中发现这样的技术数据。
这些手册也给各种不同的电路中使用的晶体管的信息。
晶体管外形图提供了详细的信息，它们的大小，形状和连接。
晶体管的连接通常是确定了在晶体管的基极的底视图。
替代:
NPN和PNP晶体管无法被直接彼此替换。
然而，晶体管通常可以替换为其他的晶体管具有不同的标识，但被设计为执行相同的功能。
上市可以代替其它晶体管晶体管晶体管替代指南或手册。
晶体上的操作:
放大器是一个设备或电路，可以增加电压或电流的值。
晶体管作为放大器的移动设备。
这是因为在其输入电路的小信号，可以控制一个更大的信号，它的输出电路。
这一行动被称为功率增益。
称为偏置电压的电压，施加到晶体管的那些部分形成的输入和输出电路。
时，输入电路的偏置电压是多种多样的，在晶体管的行为作为一个可变电阻，其电阻的增加或减少。
晶体上的N-P-N:
最咸不淡的晶体管放大器电路被称为一个常见合会发射极电路。
之所以如此命名，是因为发射极咸不淡，或者是一个组成部分，同时在输入和输出电路。
在这个电路中，输入电路的基极- 发射极间的PN结正向偏置时，由电池B1。
电池有更高的电压比电池B1，B2，是跨接在输出电路中的发射极晶体管构成的集电极。
这使得更积极的相对于比基为正相对于发射极的发射极的集电极。
的碱是负的集电极。
的基极- 集电极PN结被反向偏置。
随着基极- 发射极的PN结正向偏置时，自由电子的发射极朝着交界。
在同一时间内的基本走向的交界处的孔。
交界处附近的区域中的空穴和电子的结合。
这将产生一个在外部的基极- 发射极电路的电流。
基极区域是非常薄的。
因此，大多数的走向的基极- 发射极结的电子通过到集电极。
这些电子被吸引到电池B2的正极端子。
在同一时间，电子从负极端子的电池B2移动到发射极。
外部的集电极- 发射极的外把电路中的电流远远大于在输入电路中的电流。
因此，该电路作为放大器。
的输出电流的控制
晶体管放大器电路还有另外一个非常重要的特征。
的输出电流可以通过改变输入电路中的电流控制。
在图2中示出如何可以做到这一点。
这里一个电位器R1是跨接在输入电路单元格B1。
由于滑动臂移向a点，基极- 发射极的PN结变得越来越少正向偏置的。
其结果是，在输入电路中的电流减小。
这将导致更大
的输出电路中的电流减少。
P-N-P晶体管
当一个PNP晶体管的放大电路中使用的，施加的偏置电压的极性的基极- 发射极和基极- 集电极PN结是在NPN短暂的电路相反。
NPN晶体管电路，这将导致基极- 发射极结正向偏置，基极- 集电极结反向偏置。
在电路中，在发射器中的孔的基极- 发射极间的PN结的走向。
基地内的电子也走向交界。
交界处附近的区域中的空穴和电子的结合。
然而，大多数的孔穿过的基极和到收集器中。
在这里，空穴被吸引到结束的集电极连接到电池B2的负极端子。
作为这种情况持续下去，从电池的负极端子的电子进入收集器结合的孔。
在同一时间，在发射器中的电子数目相等打破它们的电子对债券和输入的电池的正极端子。
这又产生一个更大的电流比在输入电路中的外部输出电路。
实用放大器电路
一个简单，但实用，一个晶体管放大器电路如图4所示。
请注意，在这个电路中，偏置电压的PNP晶体管的由单一光源的能量，电池B1的供应商。
电阻器R1充当电流限制器，以提供适当的基极偏置电流。
在任何晶体管放大器电路，基收藏家PN结反向偏置。
从一个音频的频率源，例如一个微电话，输入信号被施加到输入电路。
据的基础上，通过电容器C1耦合到。
由于输入信号的电压变化值，并尊的极性，它有助于，反对的正向偏压施加到晶体管的基极- 发射极结由电池。
这将导致在输入电路中的电流成正比例变化的音频信号。
这会导致较大的输出电流以相同的方式发生变化。
由于电流在输出电路中的值的变化，输出电路中的R 2两端的电压降也改变值。
的晶体管，电阻器R2和电池构成的串联电路。
因此，作为输出电流增加，电阻R1增大两端的电压降。
晶体管两端的输出电压，从集电极到发射极的下降。
当输出电路中的电流减小，R1两端的电压降减少。
输出电压的增加。
在输出信号电压的变化大于在输入信号电压。
因此，输入信号被放大。
放大的输出电压，然后应用到耳机。
在那里，它被改变成声波。
更强大的放大器电路，使用两个或更多个晶体管。
它们连接，使每个晶体管的输出信号被施加到下一个晶体管的输入电路。
每个晶体管作为放大器。
因此，这提供了一个更大的原始输入信号的电压放大。
使用晶体管:
虽然晶体管是坚固的设备，可能会损坏。
过多的热量可能会永久损坏晶体晶格结构的材料。
散热器
晶体管必须进行大量的电流，通常安装在散热片，让他们从过热。
散热片吸收热量从一个晶体管和消散，或抛出，更迅速地比晶体管本身。
这让晶体管工作在较低的温度。
连接:
晶体管被连接到电路，在以下两种方式之一。
要么它们的引线焊接到电路端子，或将其插入晶体管插座（图5）。
套接字使其更容易投入或取出晶体管。
他们还消除晶体管过热的危险。
引线焊接到电路时，过热的情况可能发生。
当晶体管焊接铅，最好是使用电烙铁，不产生更多的热量比需要做的工作。
额定功率为30 W至50 W的电烙铁通常是足够的热。
散热片应始终连接到晶体管引线被焊接。
这可以是一个尖嘴钳或一些其他类型的散热片的下颌。
一种晶体管，应始终采取的插座时，插座端子焊接或虚焊。
偏置电压
决不把一个晶体管电路，直到你确定合适的偏置电压值将被应用到其终端。
由于NPN或PNP晶体管的基极- 发射极的偏置电压向集电极电压供给时，晶体管导通。
由于NPN或PNP晶体管的基极- 发射极的偏置电压向集电极电压供给时，晶体管导通。
拜谢电压作为偏置电压中的NPN或PNP晶体管的集电极电压供应移向面积电晶体是打开的。
作为碱电压相差的集电极电压移动时，晶体管被关闭。
甲基极- 发射极电压，例如，建立通常的切断和最大工作区域的中间位置。
对于放大器的工作，基极- 发射极的直流偏置约0.3V锗硅晶体管的晶体管和0.6V。
晶体管的PN结施加电压过高将导致晶体管进行更多的电流比它可以处理安全。
晶体管应该永远不会被取出或放入现场的电路。
否则，损坏的浪涌电流可以通过晶体管。
正确的极性
如果偏置电压极性接错被应用到它，可能会损坏的晶体管。
这种损害的危险少得多，共发射极电路。
然而，它始终是一个好主意，仔细检查。
与已建成
的店铺，被用于第一次的电路，这是特别真实。