Chapter 8 us history-2
英美文化课后答案 Chapter 2 History
英美文化课后答案2Lecture 2 HistoryTell wheher each of the following statements is true or false1-10: FTTFT/TFTFF 11-20: FTTTF/FTTFFFill in the blanks with the correct information.1. Celt2. Romans3.5th4. Viking; 10665. Hundred Years’ War6. York7. divorce8.11 9. Elizabeth I; Queen Victoria 10. America 11. 1492 12. Virginia; 1607 13. Thanksgiving Day 14. 13 15. Declaration of Independence 16. 4th of July 17. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 18. 1865 19. World War I 20. World War II 21. Puritans, religious, Mayflower 22. Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence, National Day 23. Monroe Doctrine, colonize, interfere 24. agrarian, industrial, Andrew Jackson 25. Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, slavery 26. 1932, recovery, New DealChoose the correct answer on the basis of what is stated in text.1-10: ABDCD/CBDAB 11-20: CBDCB/DCADD 21-30: BDABA/DCBCBExplain the following terms.1. The Anglo-SaxonsIn the 5th century, the tribes called the Angles and Saxons invaded Britain, coming from northern Europe. By the end of the 5th century, the Anglo-Saxons ruled most of Britain. Their language was called Old English. From them comes the name of “England” and “English”; England came from “Angle-land” meaning the land of the Anglo-Saxons.2. Norman ConquestAfter King Edward died, Duke William of Normandy, from northern France, declared that Edward had promised to let him become the king. On October 14, 1066, William and his army invaded England and defeated the English army. He was made king and crowned in Westminster Abby on Christmas Day, 1066. William is often referred to as William the Conqueror in English history.3. Robin HoodEngland's best-loved legend of Robin Hood is an outlawed Saxon nobleman oppressed by the Normans. He hid i n the forest near Sherwood with his band of followers, called “merry men”. From this secret wood, they went out to rob from the rich to give to the poor with their longbows. Robin Hood has been a popular subject of numerous films, television series, books, comics and plays.4. The Hundred Years’ WarAt the beginning of the 14th century, England developed into a stronger state in Europe. Consequently, the rich wanted to control more markets and the nobles wanted to regain their lost land. When King Edward III of England declared that he should become the French king, the French rejected his claim so he declared war on France in 1337. The war lasted intermittently for116 years, hence being known as the Hundred Years’ War.5. The Civil WarIn January 1642 the Civil War broke out between the Roundheads (supporters of Parliament) and the Cavaliers (supporters of the King). The Civil War ended with the Parliamentary victory and it led to the execution of Charles I, and his son Charles II was driven out of the country in 1649. In addition to that, Oliver Cromwell, the leader of the Roundheads,formed republican England, known as the Commonwealth of England and the English monarchy was abolished.6. American IndiansThe American Indians were the descendants of t he Mongoloid. The name “Indians” was given by Columbus when he mistook them for the people of India. It is believed that about 25,000 years ago the Indians crossed the Bering Strait land bridge to Alaska. The American Indians developed the brilliant civilizations of the Aztecs, the Incas and the Mayas.7. Columbus’ “discovery ” of AmericaIn 1492, Columbus persuaded the king and queen of Spain to finance his voyage. He believed that by sailing west from Europe, he could reach India. Columbus failed to reach India but landed at one of the Caribbean islands instead. He mistook these islands for part of India and called the local people Indians.8. The MayflowerThe Mayflower has a famous position in American history as a symbol of early European colonization. With their religion oppressed by the Church of England, in the autumn of 1620, 102 people sailed to the New World in a ship named the “Mayflower”. Late in December, the Mayflower finally landed in what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts.9. Declaration of IndependenceOn July 2, 1776, the Congress finally determined that these United Colonies ought to be free and independent states. Thomas Jefferson, assisted by Benjamin Franklin, drafted the Declaration of Independence, which the Congress adopted on July 4, 1776. It announced the independence of 13 North American colonies and the birth of a new nation.10. Abraham LincolnIn March 1861 Abraham Lincoln took the office of president. He realized that by making the war a battle against slavery, he could win support for the Union at home and abroad. On January 1, 1863, he issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which granted freedom to all slaves.11. William ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare (1564-1616): English playwright and poet, whose body of works is considered as the greatest in English literature. His plays, many of which were performed at the Globe Theater in London, include historical works, comedies and tragedies. He also composed 154 sonnets and 36 plays.12. Sir Francis BaconSir Francis Bacon (1561-1626): English philosopher, essayist, courtier, jurist, and statesman. His writings include The Advancement of Learning (1605) and The Novum Organum (1620), in which he proposed a theory of scientific knowledge based on observation and experimentation that came to be known as the inductive method.13. Gunpowder PlotGunpowder Plot: Conspiracy of a group of English Catholics to blow up the Houses of parliament where King James I was present on 5 November, 1605. The plan was discovered and Guy Fawkes was caught and burnt alive. In England, 5 November is celebrated with bonfires, fireworks and the burning of the effigies.14. Great Fire of LondonGreat Fire of London (2-5 September, 1666): Worst fire in London’s history. It destroyed a large part of the city, including most of the civic buildings, St. Paul’s Cathedral, 87 parish churches, and about 13,000 houses. It began accidentally at the house of the king’s baker in Pudding Lane near London Bridge.15. Suez Canal CrisisSuez Canal Crisis: A major international incident that arose in 1956 from the decision by Gamal A. Nasser, President of Egypt, to nationalize the Suez Canal, which long had been controlled by Great Britain. After Nasser took over the canal, Britain and France induced Israel to provoke a conflict with Egypt that would serve as a pretext for an Anglo-French invasion of Egypt. The United States, which had been excluded from the planned invasion, denounced it. The incident severely damaged Anglo-American relations.16. John MajorJohn Major (1943- ): British banker and conservative politician, who served as Prime Minister from 1990 to 1997. during this administration, he advocated privatization, anti-inflationary budget discipline, and negotiations for peace in Northern Ireland.17. the First Continental CongressIn September 1774, 55 representatives from all the colonies except Georgia held a meeting in Philadelphia to talk about their troubles with their mother country. The meeting was called the First Continental Congress. At the meeting the majority of representatives still thought they could settle their quarrel with the British by peaceful means. They agreed to refuse to buy British goods, hoping in this way to force the British Government to give in to their demands. They also agreed to raise a volunteer army to protect the colonies if Britain used force to break the boycott.18. Louisiana PurchaseThe most glorious achievement of Jefferson as President was the Louisiana Purchase. The Louisiana Purchase, in 1803, gave Western farmer use of the important Mississippi River waterway, removed the French presence from the western border of US, provided US farmers with vast expanses of land, and furthered American leaders’ vision of creating a “Great Nation”.19. US-Spanish WarThe US-Spanish War broke out in April, 1898, lasted for only 70 days and ended with US as the victor. A peace treaty was signed in December 1898 in Paris. As a result of the war, Spain was forced to cede her former colonies Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines to US; US agreed to pay 20 million dollars for them in an attempt to put a good face on its foreign expansion. Cuba remained a US “protectorate”for some years, while the Philippines were not granted its independence until after the end of WW I. US seized Hawaii from Spain after the US-Spanish War. The US-Spanish War was the first imperialist war for re-dividing the world. It marked a new stage in which US transformed into an imperialist power. From that time the US began its modern history.20. roaring twentiesThe expression of “roaring twenties” is often used to describe the period of American life. The roaring twenties ushered in an exciting time of social change and economic prosperity, as the recession at the end of WW II was quickly replaced by an unprecedented period of financial growth. The stock market soared to unimaginable heights because of the so-called Second Industrial Revolution at the turn of the 20th century, which saw the development of new inventions and machines that changed American society drastically.21. Wathergate ScandalIn the presidential election year 1972, five men of the Committee for the Reelection of the President broke into the Democratic national headquarters at the Water Hotel, Washington, D.C., where they planted bugs in order to get information for the Committee. But unfortunately they were arrested. Although it was never approved that Nixon planned the Watergate break-in or that he ever knew about it beforehand, he was eventually forced out of office because he was found guilty for his effort to avoid the investigation and disclosures.。
新英汉翻译课件教程 Chapter 8 语态转换译法
C. 顺译成 “是……的” 结构
• 英语句子要着重表示的不是受事者受到了某个行 动这样一个事实本身，而是与这个行动有关的一 些具体情况，如时间、地点、方式、方法等。也 就是说，句子里强调的是行动的静态而不是动态 的含义。这样就可以顺译成汉语的“是……的” 的句式。其框架为“受事者——是——动词—— 的”。用这种译法来表现原文陈述的意义，显得 简便灵活。 • 例1：That ridiculous idea was put forward by his brother. • 【译文】这个怪念头是他哥哥想出来的。
• 例3：My holidays afternoons were spent in ramble about the surrounding country. (Washingtonபைடு நூலகம்Irving) • 【译文】每逢假日的下午，我总要漫步周 围的乡村。 • 例4：Illness must be correctly diagnosed before they can be treated with medicine. • 【译文】疾病必须先确诊，再用药。
C. 译成 “叫、让、由、受、遭到、受到、 予、予以、加、加以、引以、为……所、 经……所” 等字句，用以加强说话、表达 语气。
• 例1：You have been wetted in the rain. • 【译文】你叫雨淋湿了。 • 例2：The γ-rays are not affected by an electric field. • 【译文】γ射线不受电场影响。
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• 例4：Language is a precious possession; it has, in fact, been called the door to knowledge. Knowing how to use language effectively allows us to communicate more clearly, listen more critically, and read more efficiently. Beyond those practical benefits, an interest in words and their mastery provides a lifelong source of pleasure. • 【译文】高超的语言水平乃宝贵财富。诚然，语 言是打开知识宝库大门的钥匙。语言运用得心应 手，便能说得清楚，听得明白，看得真切。推敲 词字，斟酌语句，受益匪浅，其乐无限。
我的邻居是exo盘
我的邻居是exo盘《我邻居是EXO》该剧讲述了一位从未谈过恋爱的少女池允熙，突然发现偶像EXO成为自己的邻居，从而发生的一系列故事。
我的邻居是exo电视剧迅雷下载在线观看地址哪里有?以下是店铺分享给大家的关于我的邻居是exo百度云盘，一起来看看吧!我的邻居是EXO剧情简介由于一系列不幸的事相继发生，EXO成员灿烈带着同队的世勋、伯贤、D.O.搬到了池允熙的隔壁，他想从这里重新开始崭新的生活。
池允熙是一个狂热的EXO-L，她的妈妈是这里的房东，她告诉池允熙隔壁搬来了新邻居，并委任她为邻居家做杂务。
池允熙前往问候新邻居时，发现邻居竟然是自己一直喜欢的巨星组合EXO，惊喜而又惊讶的她一口水喷了朴灿烈一身，EXO成员们与池允熙的爆笑故事也由此展开。
电视剧我的邻居是EXO分集剧情第1集少女池允熙深夜买好卫生巾后返回家中，在路上忽然遇到四位蒙面男子，吓得她立刻跑回家中。
第二日，她满怀期待地等待着妈妈口中的邻居家的帅哥，没想到却看到两位丑男。
第2集池允熙妈妈让池允熙送糕点，她却震惊地发现EXO搬到了她家隔壁，于是通知了闺蜜，一起开启了日夜偷窥爱豆的模式。
边伯贤无意间发现了池允熙的偷窥，决定调侃她，和世勋男男“沙发咚”，让池允熙吃惊不已。
第3集池允熙妈妈让池允熙去隔壁EXO宿舍打扫，并叮嘱她千万不能进入二楼最右边的那个房间，可打扫中的池允熙由于好奇心的迫使，还是打开了那间房，进去之后发现里面全是乐器，就在这时，她看见了房间里的蟑螂，便四处追赶，把房间弄得一片狼藉，灿烈回到房间后，正好看见池允熙趴在自己的床上打蟑螂。
灿烈愤怒地将池允熙赶出了宿舍，在池允熙伤心时，D.O.安慰她，摸了摸她红红的脸颊，然而这一幕，正好被准备把池允熙手机还给她的灿烈看见了。
第4集灿烈把池允熙赶出房间后，陷入了回忆。
所有的一切都是从17年前的那天开始的：17年前，灿烈的爷爷送了一条项链给他，并说道：“你戴着这个的话，会避开所有的不幸。
”结果1年前，灿烈在公演后不小心将项链摔碎，结果不久便听到了爷爷去世的消息。
选修8英语u2课文翻译
选修8英语u2课文翻译选修8英语u2课文翻译课文翻译对于学生俩说，要求比较高，难度比较大。
以下是店铺整理的选修8英语u2课文翻译，欢迎阅读。
一、ReadingCLONING: WHERE IS IT LEADING US?Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay. It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant. It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones. It also happens in animals when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg. The fact is that these are both examples of natural clones.Cloning has two major uses. Firstly, gardeners use it all the time to produce commercial quantities of plants. Secondly, it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals. Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated. It is a difficult task to undertake. Many attempts to clone mammals failed. But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough - the cloning of Dolly the sheep. The procedure works like this:On the one hand, the whole scientific world followed the progress of the first successful clone, Dolly the sheep. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dolly's illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal. Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years, half the length of the life of the originalsheep. Sadly the same arbitrary fate affected other species, such as cloned mice. The questions that concerned all scientists were: his be a major difficulty for all cloned animals? Would it happen forever? Could it be solved if corrections were made in their research procedure?On the other hand, Dolly's appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination. It became controversial. It suddenly opened everybody's eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illnesses and even to produce human beings.Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain, newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves to attain their ambitions. Religious leaders also raised moral questions. Governments became nervous and more conservative. Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, but other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide. However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.【翻译】克隆：它将把我们引向何方？克隆一直与我们同在，而如今它还要持续下去。
典范英语8故事梗概
典范英语8故事梗概英文回答：Chapter 1: The Call.The protagonist, a young woman named Emily, receives a mysterious call from an unknown phone number. A man's voice informs her that she has been chosen for a special mission. Emily is initially hesitant but agrees out of curiosity.Chapter 2: The Initiation.Emily arrives at a secluded location where she meets a group of other candidates. They undergo a series of physical and mental tests, testing their strength, agility, and problem-solving skills. Emily excels in the challenges and impresses the instructors.Chapter 3: The Training.After the initiation, Emily is assigned to a team and begins intensive training. She learns advanced combat techniques, weapons handling, and espionage tactics. She also undergoes rigorous physical conditioning and psychological preparation.Chapter 4: The Mission.Emily's team is deployed on a high-stakes mission to apprehend a dangerous criminal. They must infiltrate a heavily guarded facility, locate the target, and extract him without raising an alarm. Emily uses her skills and training to complete the mission successfully.Chapter 5: The Aftermath.After the mission, Emily returns to her normal life, but she is changed by her experience. She has become a highly skilled and confident operative, ready to face any challenge that comes her way.Chapter 6: The Revelation.Emily discovers that the mysterious organization she worked for is involved in a sinister plot. She must confront her past and decide whether to expose the truth or remain loyal to her former allies.Chapter 7: The Choice.Emily faces a moral dilemma. She must weigh the consequences of exposing the organization against the potential danger to herself and others. In the end, she chooses to do what she believes is right, even if it comes at a great personal cost.中文回答：第一章，召唤。
英美概况(第二版)USA chapter 2 History of the United States[精]
![英美概况(第二版)USA chapter 2 History of the United States[精]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/1cff69af9ec3d5bbfc0a7461.png)
3. The Independence War of America 1763-1783
On April 19, 1775, the first shot was fired in the village of Lexington near Boston. Thus the American War of Independence began.
An Outline of the UK and the USA
Warming-up
On July 4, 1776, the Congress formally declared the independence • The Declaration states: “We hold these truths to selfevident: That all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, …”
英国文学史及作品选读 Chapter 8
2. Romanticism:
In a historical sense, Romanticism was a movement in philosophy, political theory, and the arts that developed in France and Germany in the latter half of the eighteenth century and flourished in England through to the first three decades in the nineteenth century. The most prominent historical event associated with Romanticism was the French Revolution (1789-1799), which for many presaged the end of aristocratic rule and hereditary social divisions in Europe.
2012-4-13
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A Review of British Literature
French Revolution: -----The time spirit described by Charles Dickens: ( A Tale of Two Cities)
2012-4-13
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It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way …
典范英语终极跑鞋chapter8主要内容
典范英语终极跑鞋chapter8主要内容全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Chapter 8 of "The Ultimate Running Shoes" talks about the importance of proper foot support and cushioning in running shoes. The chapter begins by explaining how different types of running shoes are designed to provide support for different foot types. For example, people with high arches may need shoes with extra cushioning to support their feet, while those with flat feet may require shoes with more stability.The chapter goes on to discuss the various materials used in running shoe construction, such as EVA foam and gel inserts, which help to absorb shock and impact while running. It also explains how the design of the shoe, including the shape of the sole and heel counter, can affect the runner's gait and overall performance.One of the key takeaways from Chapter 8 is the importance of proper fit when choosing running shoes. Ill-fitting shoes can lead to discomfort, blisters, and even serious injuries. The chapter provides tips on how to determine the right size and fitfor your feet, including getting professionally fitted at a running store and testing the shoes by running or walking in them.Overall, Chapter 8 emphasizes the crucial role that proper foot support and cushioning play in maximizing performance and preventing injury while running. By choosing the right type of running shoes and ensuring a proper fit, runners can improve their comfort, efficiency, and overall enjoyment of the sport.篇2Chapter 8 of "The Ultimate Running Shoes" is all about speed and performance. In this chapter, we learn about how to choose the right running shoes for racing and how to improve our speed on the track.First off, the chapter talks about what features to look for in a racing shoe. It's important to find a lightweight shoe that provides good support and cushioning. Racing shoes are designed to be sleek and fast, with minimal cushioning to reduce weight and maximize speed.Next, we learn about the importance of proper form and technique when it comes to running fast. It's not just about how fast you can move your legs, but also about how efficiently youcan move them. Proper arm swing, stride length, and foot strike are all important factors in maximizing your speed.The chapter also discusses the role of training in improving speed. Different types of speed workouts, such as interval training and tempo runs, can help build your speed and endurance. It's important to train consistently and push yourself out of your comfort zone to see improvements in your speed.Lastly, the chapter offers tips on how to mentally prepare for a race. Visualizing success, setting realistic goals, and staying focused during a race are all important mental strategies for improving your speed on race day.Overall, Chapter 8 of "The Ultimate Running Shoes" gives us valuable insight into how to choose the right shoes and improve our speed and performance on the track. So lace up those racing shoes and get ready to fly past the competition!篇3Hey guys, guess what? I just finished reading chapter 8 of "The Ultimate Running Shoes"! It was super interesting, so let me tell you all about it!In this chapter, we learned all about different types of running shoes for different types of runners. There are shoes for beginners, shoes for advanced runners, and even shoes for people with special foot conditions. It's really cool how there's a perfect shoe out there for everyone!We also learned about the importance of choosing the right size shoe and how to properly lace them up for a comfortable fit. Did you know that wearing the wrong size shoe can actually cause injuries? Yeah, crazy right?And get this - there are shoes that can track your running stats, like how far you've run and how fast! It's like having a personal trainer right on your feet! Technology is so awesome.But the best part of the chapter was learning about all the latest trends in running shoes. From bright colors to funky designs, there's no limit to how cool your running shoes can be. I can't wait to go shopping for my own pair now!So, if you're into running or just want to learn more about the best shoes for your feet, definitely check out chapter 8 of "The Ultimate Running Shoes". It's a real game-changer!篇4Chapter 8 of "The Ultimate Running Shoes" is all about exploring different types of running shoes and how they can improve your performance. It was super interesting and I learned a lot of cool stuff!First, we talked about cushioning in running shoes. It's like having a comfy bed for your feet while you run. Some shoes have lots of cushioning, which is great for long distances or if you have a history of foot pain. Others have less cushioning, which is better for speed and agility.Next, we learned about stability shoes. These are like the superheroes of running shoes because they help protect your feet and ankles from rolling inwards or outwards. They're perfect for people with flat feet or those who overpronate or supinate when they run.Then, we talked about motion control shoes. These are like the bodyguards of the running shoe world because they provide extra support for people who have severe overpronation. They help keep your feet in line and prevent injuries caused by excessive rolling.Finally, we discussed minimalist shoes. These are like running barefoot but with a little extra protection. They're superlightweight and help improve your running form, but you have to be careful because they offer less cushioning and support.Overall, Chapter 8 of "The Ultimate Running Shoes" was awesome! I can't wait to try out different types of running shoes and see how they can help me become a faster and stronger runner. I'm so excited to put all this new knowledge to the test and find the perfect pair of shoes for me!篇5Hello everyone! Today, I'm going to talk about Chapter 8 of the book "The Ultimate Running Shoes". In this chapter, we learned all about how to choose the perfect pair of running shoes.First, the book talked about the different types of running shoes - neutral, stability, and motion control. Neutral shoes are for runners with a normal arch, stability shoes are for runners with a low arch, and motion control shoes are for runners with flat feet. It's important to know your foot type so you can pick the right shoes for you!Next, the book discussed the importance of getting the right fit. Your running shoes should be snug, but not too tight. They should also have enough room in the toe box so your toes canmove freely. It's a good idea to try on a few different pairs before making a decision.The chapter also talked about the different features to look for in running shoes, like cushioning, support, and breathability. Cushioning helps to absorb impact, support helps to prevent injury, and breathability keeps your feet cool and dry. All of these things are important for a comfortable and safe run.In conclusion, Chapter 8 of "The Ultimate Running Shoes" taught us the importance of choosing the right pair of shoes for our feet. By understanding our foot type, getting the right fit, and looking for the right features, we can find the perfect running shoes for us. Happy running, everyone!篇6Chapter 8 of the Ultimate Running Shoes series is all about choosing the right shoes for your running needs. It's super important to have the right shoes so you can run faster, jump higher, and feel super cool while doing it!First off, you need to think about what type of running you'll be doing. If you're a speed demon and love sprinting, you'll want to go for lightweight shoes with lots of cushioning. These will help you go fast and be comfy at the same time.If you're more of a long distance runner, you'll want shoes with good support and stability. These will help keep your feet happy and healthy as you rack up the miles.There are also shoes for trail running, which have extra grip and protection to handle tough terrain. And don't forget about track spikes for running on the track – they have sharp points on the bottom to help you go even faster!When you're trying on shoes, make sure they fit snugly but not too tight. You want a little wiggle room for your toes, but you also don't want your feet sliding around inside the shoes. And always try them on with the socks you'll be wearing when you run.Remember, the right shoes can make all the difference in your running game. So take your time, try on lots of options, and find the perfect pair that will help you crush your running goals. Happy running, my friends!篇7Chapter 8 of the Ultimate Running Shoes is super cool! In this chapter, we learn all about the advanced technology and cool features of the latest running shoes.First off, we got to know about the innovative cushioning system in the shoes. It's like running on clouds! The special foam material absorbs the impact of each step, making our feet feel super comfy and preventing any injuries.Next, we learned about the unique design of the outsole. It has special grooves and patterns that provide excellent traction on all types of surfaces. So no matter if we're running on the track, road, or trail, our shoes will keep us steady and secure.And let's not forget about the awesome breathable mesh upper! It helps to keep our feet cool and dry, even during intense workouts. Plus, the snug fit of the shoes ensures that our feet stay in place and don't slide around while we're running.Oh, and how could I forget about the stylish colors and designs of the shoes? They look so cool and make us feel like real running champions!Overall, Chapter 8 of the Ultimate Running Shoes taught us that the right pair of shoes can make all the difference in our performance. So let's lace up our shoes, hit the pavement, and run like the wind! ♂️篇8Chapter 8 of the Ultimate Running Shoes series is all about choosing the right shoes for different types of running activities. It's super important to pick the best shoes for your feet so that you can run faster, jump higher, and have fun while doing it! Let's dive into the main points of this chapter.First off, the chapter talks about running shoes forlong-distance running. When you're running a marathon or a long trail race, you need shoes that can provide cushioning and support for miles and miles. Look for shoes with extra padding in the midsole and heel to absorb shock and reduce fatigue. They should also have a breathable upper to keep your feet cool and dry.Next, the chapter covers shoes for sprinting. If you're a speed demon and love sprinting short distances, you need lightweight shoes with a snug fit. Look for shoes with a low heel drop and a stiff sole to help you explode off the starting line. These shoes should also have traction for grip on the track or road.Another important point in this chapter is choosing the right shoes for trail running. Trail running shoes are designed to handle rugged terrain, rocks, and mud. They have aggressive tread patterns for traction and protection for your feet fromsharp objects. Look for shoes with a durable outsole and a protective toe cap for rocky trails.Lastly, the chapter discusses cross-training shoes for other sports and activities. Cross-training shoes are versatile and can be used for running, weightlifting, and other workouts. They should have a stable base for lifting weights, cushioning for running, and flexibility for agility drills. Look for shoes with a comfortable fit and breathability for all-day wear.In conclusion, Chapter 8 of the Ultimate Running Shoes series emphasizes the importance of choosing the right shoes for different types of running activities. Whether you're along-distance runner, sprinter, trail runner, or cross-training enthusiast, there's a perfect pair of shoes out there for you. Remember to consider your foot type, running style, and the terrain you'll be running on when selecting your next pair of running shoes. Happy running!篇9Hi guys, today I'm gonna talk about this super cool book called "Ultimate Running Shoes Chapter 8". It's all about the best running shoes in the world and I can't wait to tell you all about it.In Chapter 8, the book talks about different types of running shoes and how to choose the right ones for you. It explains the importance of having the right shoes for running and how it can make a big difference in your performance.The chapter also goes into detail about the different features of running shoes, like cushioning, stability, and flexibility. It explains why these features are important and how they can help you run better and faster.One of the most interesting parts of the chapter is when it talks about the newest technology in running shoes. It explains how companies are always coming up with new and improved designs to make running shoes even better.Overall, this chapter is super interesting and informative. It's definitely a must-read for anyone who loves to run or is looking to get into running. So next time you're in the store looking for a new pair of running shoes, make sure to check out this chapter to help you make the best choice. Happy running, everyone!篇10Chapter 8 of "The Ultimate Running Shoes" is all about the different types of running shoes you can choose from. It's superimportant to pick the right shoes for your feet to make sure you have a comfy and safe run.First off, there are neutral shoes. These are for peeps who have a regular arch in their feet. They offer cushioning and support without changing your foot's natural movement.Next up are stability shoes. These are for folks with a slight overpronation, which means your foot rolls inward when you run. The shoes have extra support to help keep your foot in the right position.Then there are motion control shoes. These are for peeps with severe overpronation. They have extra support to keep your foot from rolling too much and causing injuries.There are also minimalist shoes, which are super lightweight and don't have much cushioning. They let your feet move naturally, but you gotta be careful cuz they don't offer as much protection.Lastly, there are maximalist shoes. These are like walking on clouds cuz they have extra cushioning for peeps who need it.Remember, the best way to find the right shoes for you is to try them on and see how they feel. And don't forget to replaceyour running shoes every 300-500 miles to make sure they're still doing their job properly.So make sure to pick the right shoes for your feet and happy running! ♂️ ♂️。
英语专业本科论文《茶花女》
英语专业本科论文《茶花女》英语专业本科论文《茶花女》` An Analysis on Male-centered Consciousness in The Lady of the Camellias Acknowledgement In writing this thesis, I have benefited from the presence of my teachers and my classmates. They generously helped me collect materials I needed and made many invaluable suggestions. I hereby extend my grateful thanks to them for their kind help, without which the paper would notChen Ke, who guided me throughout my writing of this thesis. She carefully read the whole draft and offered painstaking and precious criticism. Her standards of academic excellence have made my revision an exciting and gratifying experience.without the help of those individuals and organizations hereafter mentioned with gratitude: the Foreign Language Department, the University Library and its staff. An Analysis on Male-centered Consciousness in The Lady of the Camellias Abstract The Lady of the Camellias was a masterpiece of world literature and even was presented on the stage for many times. And as we all know, The Lady of the Camellias was the first foreign novel that entered our country. It played an importantrole in modern Chinese literature. It was a tragic love story between Marguerite Gautier, a prostitute and a young bourgeois, Armand Duval. Marguerite was not only a prostitute but also a beautiful girl with pure heart. She sacrificed everything she had for love, even her own life. This essay analyzed the tragic story of The Lady of the Camellias from the prospective of male-centered consciousness. The paper is divided into four parts: the first part introduces the author, the writing background, story itself, and other basic information; the second part introduces the gender theory and male-centered consciousness which belongs to it; the third part analyzes the domination of Alexandre Dumas Fils’s male-centered consciousness on the Novel from different aspects, such as heroine’s identity, character, life experience, indication, women’s thoughts, the uneven relationship between woman and man, the author’s narrative technique; the fourth part sums up the paper and puts forward its practical significance. The tragic ending of the heroine was due to a multitude of reasons. But the main reason should be the domination of male-centered consciousness on the society and people’s thought. We should realize that the male-centered consciousness impacted not only literature works but also every aspects of people’s life. Key Words: Gendertheory; Male-centered Consciousness; The Lady of the Camellias 摘要《茶花女》是法国亚历山大·小仲马的代表作，是一部世界文学经典，曾被多次搬上舞台银幕。
US History Notes Chapter 1 美国历史笔记(英文版)第一章
Chapter 1: The European arrived America (Aug 25)-The Columbian Voyages1. Intending to discover an oceanic passage to Asia, in 1492 ChristopherColumbus instead mistakenly discovered the Americas. –five yearsafter Columbus Portugal try to go India by the route around Africa. Slaves,goods for trades which were they for. 80000 miles away for the whole globaltrip.2. 1A1-1A3 pp. 1-6 –a group of Mexico, Tanios people found Native Mexicofirst. They saw many naked wild people on this land and drew some maps sentback. Amerigo Vespucci’s maps are very accurate. Map of Amerigo. Juan Gines de Sepulveda talked with Emperor Charles V in the debate. Description: They are organization, friendly, help in culture.-What differences does Sepulveda emphasize between Europeans(especially Spaniards) and the Indians? On what grounds does heassert the superiority of European culture?-How are his views of the Indians different from those of Sepulveda?What ideas did the two debaters share?3. The papal divide (1494) the treaty of Tordesillas, promulgated byPope Alexander VI, drew a line dividing all claims to land in theAmericas between Portugal and Spain . Until the arrival of the Spanishand Portuguese in the America.- Caribbean Experiments (Aug 27)•Columbus’s secon d voyage to the New World established the first Spanish Colony in the Americas (in present-day Santo Domingo)•Tainos were the first indigenous people to meet the Spaniards•Great Antilles in 1520In the west, Indians explored by Columbus, most of inhabitants, as shown in map is Tainos. Columbus’s knowledge that Marco Polo found 7400islands- Spanish Dominance•Within a single generation after the death of Columbus. Spain had conquered most of the New World•Spain as motivated by religion, nationalist pride, and dreams of personal enrichment•The Spanish Entrodos in North America- The Great Dying•Spanish contacts with the natives of the Caribbean, Central Mexico, and Peru in the early 16th Century triggered a biological epidemic of smallpox in which some 6 million•The Caribbean ExchangeImported animals from Europe (cattle, goats, pigs, etc.) devastated thefragile environment of the New WorldVarious plants (especially weeds) imported accidentally from EuropeCorn, potato, tomato, pepper, pineapple, chocolate ═ coffee, pig, cow,sheep- Silver Sugar and their Consequences•Silver and gold was found abundantly in the New World, especially in South America•Native labor was coerced into mining the metals for the Spanish•Sugar production grew at an alarming rate, due to the changing tastes of Europeans•African slaves were deemed the best labor to produce the sugar-Religious conflict during the era of reconnaissance •Martin Luther’s Protestant Reformation•John Calvin’s Calvinism•Henry VIII and the Anglican Church•England challenges SpainEngland was the slowest European power to begin expansion to the New WorldThey were initially motivated by the need to expand fishing areas and find new sources of woodThey rift between England and Spain centered on religion (Catholic v.Protestant)England defeated the Spanish Armanda in 1588- The Westward Fever•The opportunities of the New World began to permeate all levels of English society in the 1580s•England’s first effort at colonization occurred in Ireland•England’s first at tempts at American colonization were weak and unprofitable•Roanoke 1585-1590- Anticipating North America•Early English settlers had vague ideas about the nature of the American natives, some true some false•Some saw Indians as savage predator- The Middle Passage (Aug 30)•Also known as the Atlantic Passage, transferred slaves to the New World in four to eight weeks on board sailing vessels•Conditions were incredibly bad and many Africans died during the forced journey.。
英美国家概况(英文版)chapter 8 history of the USA
process
on August 23, 1775, declaring the colonies to be in a state of rebellion.
On July 4, 1776, the Continental Congress adopted a Declaration of Independence.
Gulf of Mexico.
Verrazano
The Colonial Period
1733
1683
Thirteen English colonies had been established along the Atlantic Coast.
1620
The first German community was established in Pennsylvania.
The voyage, 1492. Columbus discovered
a new continent, he called the
natives Indians.
the influence on Roman conquest
The naming of America, an Italian named Americus Vespucius named the new continent America.
1607
The Pilgrims arrived on the Mayflower and founded Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts.
The first English colony was founded at Jamestown, Virginia.
the right to vote on taxes and expenditures the right to initiate legislation
当代医学英语答案Chapter 8复旦大学出版社
《当代医学英语综合教程—关注健康》练习参考答案Chapter 8Section I. Asking, Listening and WatchingB.1.D2.C3.B4.A5.CC.1.F2.F3.T4.T5. F6.T7.F8.FD.1. the bones, the brain, the liver, and the lungs2. surgery… a lumpectomy or mastectomy.3. beyond the breast…the nearby lymph nodes4. local and systemic treatments5. alleviate pain and complicationsSection II. Theme ReadingReading Comprehension1.…a death sentence2….the most lethal form of3…. surviving breast cancer4….exposure to estrogen5….ER-negative breast cancer6….an inherited mutations in the genes7….develop malignancies8….height, weight and ethnicity9….diet, reproductive habits and lack of exercise10…is still a shameful secretSection III. Extension Reading1.F2.T3.F4.T5.NG6.T7.F8.NG9.T 10.F Section V. Language PracticeA.1. estrogen2. mammogram3. mammoplasty4. mastadenoma5. mastectomy6. mastodynia7. mastopathy8. menstruation9. ovulation 10.postmenopausalB.1.curative2.concealing3.strenuous4. mobilized5. mounting6. scrutiny7. hereditary8. recur9. invasive 10. malignancyC.1…Children are apt to suffer most2…indifferent to environmental issues3…to opt for more aggressive treatment4…are attributable to global warming5…should stick to what he is good at6…It never even occurred to us7…When it comes to modern jazz8…. are passed on to their children9….from his perspective10…turned out to be more difficult than they had expected D.乳腺癌可能是一种已知最古老的人类癌症肿瘤。
九年级上册英语m8u2课文
九年级上册英语m8u2课文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Module 8 Unit 2: "The Big Party"It was the day of the big party. Annie was very excited. She had been planning this party for weeks and everything was finally ready. She had decorated the house with balloons and streamers, and even set up a dance floor in the backyard. The DJ was all set up and ready to play music.As the guests started to arrive, Annie greeted them with a big smile and welcomed them into her home. There were classmates, friends, and even some family members in attendance. Everyone was dressed in their best party clothes and looked ready to have a good time.The food was laid out on a long table in the dining room. There were sandwiches, chips, fruit platters, and a big cake in the shape of a music note. Annie had even hired a caterer to make sure that everything was perfect.The party kicked off with some games and activities to get everyone up and moving. There was a dance competition, aphoto booth with silly props, and even a karaoke machine for anyone who wanted to showcase their singing skills. The guests laughed and danced and had a great time.As the night went on, Annie's friend Sarah pulled her aside. "I have a surprise for you," she said with a twinkle in her eye. Sarah led Annie to the backyard where a big screen had been set up. Suddenly, a slideshow of photos started playing – it was a montage of all the memories that Annie and her friends had created over the years.Annie was touched by the gesture and felt so grateful to have such wonderful friends. The party continued late into the night, with everyone enjoying themselves and celebrating Annie's special day.As the guests started to leave, Annie thanked each one of them for coming and making her party so memorable. She knew that she would never forget this night and the fun times she had shared with her friends and loved ones.Annie's big party was a huge success, and she couldn't have been happier. It was a night of laughter, music, and friendship –everything she had hoped for and more. And as she cleaned up the last of the decorations and turned off the lights, Anniecouldn't help but smile, knowing that she had thrown the best party ever.篇2Unit 2 of the ninth-grade English textbook is focused on the theme of "Cultural Exchange". The unit introduces students to various aspects of cultural exchange, including sharing customs, traditions, and beliefs. Through this unit, students not only learn about different cultures but also reflect on their own cultural identity.The unit begins with a text titled "A Visit to New York City", where students are introduced to the vibrant and diverse culture of one of the world's largest cities. The text describes the bustling streets, iconic landmarks, and various cultural attractions of New York City, allowing students to visually imagine themselves in this bustling metropolis.Following this, students delve into a text titled "Chinese Culture", which provides an in-depth exploration of the rich history and traditions of China. From ancient customs to modern practices, students learn about the significance of Chinese culture and its influence on the global community.Another text in this unit, "Cultural Exchange in the 21st Century", discusses how advancements in technology have facilitated cultural exchange on a global scale. Through social media, students can connect with individuals from different cultures, sharing experiences, ideas, and beliefs.To reinforce the concepts learned in this unit, students engage in various activities, such as group discussions, presentations, and cultural showcases. These activities allow students to further explore the themes of cultural exchange and gain a deeper understanding of the importance of cultural diversity.By the end of Unit 2, students will have developed a greater appreciation for different cultures, as well as a more profound understanding of their own cultural heritage. Through this exploration of cultural exchange, students are encouraged to embrace diversity, foster empathy, and build connections with individuals from all walks of life.篇3Unit 2 of Grade 9 English textbook is titled "Discovering the Past". This unit explores the topic of history and how we can learn from the past to better understand the present and future.The unit is divided into six lessons, each focusing on a different aspect of history and how it impacts our lives.Lesson 1: What is History?In this lesson, students learn about the definition of history and why it is important to study the past. They also explore the different ways in which history can be interpreted and how it shapes our understanding of the world.Lesson 2: Studying the PastStudents delve deeper into the methods and tools historians use to study the past. They learn about primary and secondary sources, as well as the importance of critically analyzing historical evidence.Lesson 3: Ancient CivilizationsThis lesson focuses on some of the early civilizations that laid the foundation for modern society, such as the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. Students examine the contributions of these civilizations to art, architecture, science, and philosophy.Lesson 4: The Middle AgesIn this lesson, students learn about the period known as the Middle Ages, including the rise of feudalism, the role of theCatholic Church, and the impact of the Black Death. They also explore the developments in art and literature during this time.Lesson 5: The Age of ExplorationStudents study the Age of Exploration and the voyages of explorers such as Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama, and Ferdinand Magellan. They analyze the motivations behind these expeditions and the consequences of European colonization.Lesson 6: The Industrial RevolutionThe final lesson focuses on the Industrial Revolution and its impact on society, including the rise of factories, urbanization, and social reform movements. Students explore the advancements in technology and the changes in working conditions brought about by this period.Overall, Unit 2 provides students with a comprehensive overview of different periods in history and encourages them to think critically about how the past has shaped the world we live in today. Through a variety of activities, discussions, and readings, students develop a deeper appreciation for the importance of studying history and understanding the lessons it can teach us.。
结构设计常用专业英语
结构设计常用专业英语词汇汇编Chapter 1 Loads and Action (1)第一章荷载与作用 (1)Chapter 2 Seismic Design (8)第二章抗震设计 (8)Chapter 3 Foundation (14)第三章地基基础 (14)Chapter 4 Reinforcement Concrete (22)第四章钢筋混凝土结构 (22)Chapter 5 Steel Structure (28)第五章钢结构 (28)Chapter 6 Composite Structure (37)第六章组合结构 (37)Chapter 7 Masonry Structure (40)第七章砌体结构 (40)Chapter 8 Others (42)第八章其它 (42)第一章荷载与作用 (43)Chapter 1 Loads and Action (43)第二章抗震设计 (50)Chapter 2 Seismic Design (50)第三章地基基础 (56)Chapter 3 Foundation (56)第四章钢筋混凝土结构 (65)Chapter 4 Reinforcement Concrete (65)第五章钢结构 (71)Chapter 5 Steel Structure (71)第六章组合结构 (80)Chapter 6 Composite Structure (80)第七章砌体结构 (83)Chapter 7 Masonry Structure (83)第八章其它 (85)Chapter 8 Others (85)上册Chapter 1 Loads and Action 第一章荷载与作用Chapter 2 Seismic Design第二章抗震设计Chapter 3 Foundation 第三章地基基础Chapter 4 Reinforcement Concrete第四章钢筋混凝土结构Chapter 5 Steel Structure第五章钢结构Chapter 6 Composite Structure第六章组合结构Chapter 7 Masonry Structure第七章砌体结构Chapter 8 Others 第八章其它下册第一章荷载与作用Chapter 1 Loads and Action。
老友记第二季第8集的主要内容
In the 8th episode of Friends Season 2, titled "The One With the List," the main focus is on Ross as he grapples with his romantic feelings for both Rachel and Julie. Chandler and Joey attempt to help Ross make a decision about his love life.The episode begins with Ross realizing that he is torn between his current girlfriend, Julie, and his long-time crush, Rachel. To help resolve his dilemma, Chandler and Joey create a list of pros and cons for both women, hoping to provide Ross with clarity.Meanwhile, Monica has her own love troubles as she meets a guy named Ethan and feels a strong connection with him. However, her excitement turns to shock when she discovers that Ethan is a high school student. She grapples with whether or not to continue their relationship.Back to Ross, he recognizes the flaws in his list and feels conflicted about making a decision solely based on pros and cons. Eventually, he decides to talk to Rachel about his feelings and asks for her opinion. Rachel, unaware of Ross's true feelings, advises him to stay with Julie.In a surprising turn of events, Chandler accidentally reveals Ross's list to Rachel, causing her to reevaluate her decision. She confronts Ross, and they have a heartfelt conversation where Ross finally admits his true feelings for her.The episode ends on a cliffhanger, leaving the viewers wondering about the future of Ross and Rachel's relationship. Ross's pursuit of love and the comical mishaps surrounding Monica's love life add depth and humor to this episode."The One With the List" explores the complexities of romantic relationships, the struggle to choose between two options, and the importance of honest communication in navigating these situations. It highlights the challenges and surprises that come with the pursuit of love and showcases the enduring bond between the group of friends.。
典范英语8-2原文及翻译
典范英语8-2原文及翻译1、Lighten Your Load and Save Your Life If you often feel angry and overwhelmed, like the stress in your life is spinning out of control, then you may be hurting your heart.如果你常常生气、身心疲乏，好像你生活中的压力正在快速地积聚，将要失去控制，那么你可能是在损害你的心脏了。
If you don’t want to break your own heart, you need to learn to take charge of your life where you can and recognizethere are many things beyond your control.假如你不想损害自己的心脏，你就需要努力学会在力所能及的范围内控制自己的生活并且承认有许多东西你是无法控制的。
So says Dr. Robert S. Eliot, author of a new book titled From Stre’s.2、s to Strength: How to Lighten Your Load and Save Your Life. Hes a clinical professor of medicine at the University of Nebraska. 这是罗伯特S. 埃利奥特博士的观点。
他是内布拉斯加大学的临床医学教授，新书从压力到力量：怎样减轻你的负担，拯救你的生命的作者。
Eliot says there are people in this world that he calls hot reactors. For these people, being tense may cause tremendous and rapid increases in their blood pressure. 埃利奥特说在这个世界上有一类他称之为“热核反应堆式的人”（即易怒的人）。
九年级英语毕业旅行意义练习题20题
九年级英语毕业旅行意义练习题20题1<背景文章>Graduation trip is an important experience for students. It not only broadens their horizons but also deepens friendships and cultivates independence. A graduation trip allows students to step out of their familiar environments and explore new places. They can see different landscapes, experience different cultures, and learn about the world from a new perspective. This helps them to expand their knowledge and understanding.During the trip, students spend time together, sharing joys and difficulties. This strengthens their friendships and creates lasting memories. They learn to cooperate, communicate, and support each other, which is valuable for their personal growth.Moreover, a graduation trip also gives students the opportunity to be independent. They need to make decisions, manage their time, and take care of themselves. This helps them to develop self-reliance and confidence.1. The main purpose of graduation trip is to _______.A. have funB. broaden horizonsC. get good gradesD. relax答案：B。
英语国家概况英国历史
Chapter Two History England in 878 A Brief History of the UKChapter Two History—A Brief History of the UK Elizabeth I A Brief History of the UK Objectives Starter Teaching Points Lesson Review Case Study Supplementary ReadingChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Objectives Acquire a general idea about the British history. Learn about the major stages and important figures in British history. Find out the influences of British history on other English speaking countries.Chapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Starter Tell about the following pictures and the special period related to them.Chapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK What a b cChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Stonehenge One of the wonders of the world which is believed to have been built from 4000 BC to 2000 BC. Now as a world heritage site Stonehenge and all its surroundings remain powerful witnesses to the once great civilizations of the Stone and Bronze Ages. Map showing the location of StonehengeChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Shakespeares Globe Theatre A theatre in London associated with William Shakespeare. It was built in 1599 by Shakespeares playing company the Lord Chamberlains Men and was destroyed by fire on June 29 1613. A second Globe Theatre was rebuilt on the same site by June 1614 and closed in 1642. Interior of the modern reconstructionExterior of the modern reproduction of the GlobeChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK King Arthur A legendary figure in the 5th century AD in British history. According to the legend Arthur gathered a company of knights who sat together at Arthur‘s castle. He created the famous ―round table‖ at which all would have equal right to be the king sense of democracy. H e united the British and with his magical sword Excalibur drove the Saxons back. adanno dominiin the year of our lord from Greek The Lady of the Lake gives Excalibur to King Arthur Statue of King ArthurChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Teaching Points A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE UKChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Pre-reading: Give a brief introduction of the historic periods of the UK by referring to the following chart. Pre-Celtic Period Celtic Age and Roman Invasion 1500BC-410AD Anglo-Saxon Britain Viking raids维京海盗突袭）and Norman invasion 410-1066 Norman Rule 1066-1381 Transition to the Modern Age 1455-1688 Rise and Fall of the British Empire 1688-1945Chapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Historic Time Major Incidents Periods Roman Period 43—410 Christianity was brought to Britain Norman Rule 1066—1381 Magna Carta Black Death Transition to 1455—1688 The War of Roses English Renaissance Modern Age Rise of British 1688—1900 Industrial Revolution Colonial Expansion Empire Fall of British WWI WWII 1914—1945 Empire Great DepressionChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Pre-Celtic Period Celtic Age and Roman Invasion 1500BC －410AD The first Celtic tribes the Gaels（苏格兰高地的居民）came to the British Isles between 800 and 700 BC. Two centuries later the Brythons（居住在不列颠的凯尔特人）or ancient Britons came from whom the country was called Britain. British-recorded history begins with the Roman invasion in 43AD under Claudius I Since then England and Wales had been a part of the Roman Empire for nearly 400 years.Chapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Pushing into Scotland The Romans built a gigantic wall Hadrian‗s Wall to control the frontier，the northwestern boundary of the Roman Empire. The Romans also brought the new religion Christianity to Britain. The location of Hadrians Wall Hadrians WallChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK When the Roman Empire came under the repeated attacks from the Picts皮克特人）and Scots and the invasion of the Germanic Saxontribes the Roman army pulled out of Britain in 410 AD leading to the swift breakdown of Roman civilization. It is said that in the 5th century AD King Arthur united Britain and drove the Saxons out of the country with his magical sword Excalibur. King ArthurChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Anglo-Saxon Britain Viking raids and Norman invasion 410 －1066 Invaders of three Teutonic（日耳曼条顿人）tribes came to Britain in the mid-5th century. –firstly the Jutes（fishing and farming from southern Denmark in the mid-5th century –the Saxonsusers of short sword from northern Germany from the end of 5th century to the beginning of the 6th century –the Anglesnorthern Germany who came in the second half of the 6th century and who were to give their name to the English people. English the language of the Angles replace the old celtic and the country became known as England meaning the land of UKChapter Two History— A Brief History of the the Angles Alfred the Great By 850AD the country was under sustained attacks from Norwegian Viking raids. The Saxon king Alfred the Great also known as ―Father of the British Navy‖ gradually pushed the Vikings northwards and eventually into the sea. By 955 Alfred‘s grandson Ethelred ruled over Eadred a united England and the government became centralized.Chapter Two History—A Brief History of the UK Viking invasions renewed till 1066 when King Harold marched north and won a victory over the Vikings. On October 1066 William of Normandy known as ―William the Conqueror‖ defeated Harold‘s army and crowned himself William I in London on Christmas Day 1066 becoming the first Norman king of William the Conqueror England.Chapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK This period can be characterised as a transition from a tribal to feudal society. TheAnglo-Saxons brought their own Teutonic religion to Britain. The names Tuesday Wednesday Thursday and Friday respectively derive from their gods. — Tiu—god of war — Woden—king of heaven — Thor—god of storms — Freya—goddess of peace Christianity almost disappeared until 597 when Pope Gregory I of Roman came to England and began to convert the heathen 异教徒）English to Christianity. Pope Gregory IChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Norman Rule 1066 －1381 Under William the Conqueror the feudal system was completely established. — He confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. — He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. — Relations with the Continents were opened. — Norman French culture language manners Priory Church and architecture were introduced. — The church was kept completely under the control of the king. — The Norman culture flowered on the English soil. — Monasteries formed the new cultural centers. Monastic CommunityChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Economic administrative and legal reforms from Henry II the first king of the House of Plantagenet: —abolishing the annual land tax —strengthening the king‘s Court and extending its judicial work —reforming certain abuses in Church Henry II government by restricting the power of the archbishopChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK。
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The American Constitution
America Features: division of power. The three branches: checks and balances ---制约与平衡. Father of Constitution: James Madison. The Father of America: Washington.
废除奴隶制的过程是不平坦的，法国大革命后
1784年成为第一个宣布废除奴隶贸易的国家，但 是由于政治经济因素，直到1861年美国南北战争 后，奴隶贸易才基本中止。 英国在1807年制定了禁止贩卖非洲奴隶的法案， 直到1833年才通过了法律，把奴隶制视为非法。 除了英法等国内废除了奴隶制，在普鲁士是1807 年，斯坦因发布《十月敕令》，解除农奴的人身 依附关系。 而俄罗斯的农奴制持续时间最长，影响最大， 1767年，俄国还禁止农奴控诉主人，准许农奴主 可以任意把农奴发配西伯利亚。直到1803年才通 过了可以解放少数农奴的法令，根据法令解放的 奴隶只占总数的0.5%。俄国直到1861年才彻底废 除农奴制。
Bill of Rights
The first Congress of the new United
States sent the Bill of Rights, the first ten amendments to the Constitution, to the states for their approval (1791). Guarantee the rights of the people.
Union vs. Confederacy
American Civil War
The Abolitionist Movement
废奴运动---奴隶制有很源远流长的历史，
世界各地包括古罗马、古希腊、古埃及、 古巴比伦、中国周代等都实行奴隶制。直 至16世纪，欧洲的殖民者走遍世界，并将 西非的黑人贩卖到欧洲及新世界去，形成 了奴隶制度的高峰。18世纪晚期，欧洲开 始出现新思潮，启蒙运动带给当时人们人 权、自由、平等的观念，他们渐渐觉得奴 隶制是一种不道德的行为，废奴开始在各 国萌芽。
The Monroe Doctrine (1823)
The contents: Any foreign intervention in the affairs of
the Latin American nations whose independence the U.S. had already recognized must be considered an unfriendly act by the U.S.
A Survey of the United Kingdom and the United States of America
Chapter 8 History of the United States Ⅱ
I After Independence
The Constitutional Convention Bill of Rights Westward Expansion
America during the first half of 19th century – Era of Expansion
Expansion and development Jefferson and his era/ his liberalism Democratic-Republican Purchase of Louisiana(1803): prepare the soil for America’s second War with England and the Monroe Doctrine.
俄勒冈地区
俄勒冈地区（Oregon Territory），指 1846年之前英国和美国之间有领土争议的 北美洲西部地区，位于北纬42度以北，北 纬54度40分以南，落基山脉以西，太平洋 以东的地区，包括今日加拿大不列颠哥伦 比亚省南部地区，以及全部的美国俄勒冈 州、华盛顿州、爱达荷州，和蒙大拿州、 怀俄明州的一部分。另外，1848年至1859 年间，美国在上述地区的北纬49度以南建 立的联邦领地也称俄勒冈地区。
托马斯· 杰斐逊
托马斯· 杰斐逊(1743－
1826)，第三任美国总统。 他是美国独立战争期间的主 要领导人之一，1776年， 作为一个包括约翰· 亚当斯 和本杰明· 富兰克林在内的 起草委员会的成员，起草了 美国《独立宣言》。 此后，他先后担任了美国第 一任国务卿，第二任副总统 和第三任总统。他在任期间 保护农业，发展民族资本主 义工业。从法国手中购买路 易斯安那州，使美国领土近 乎增加了一倍。他被普遍视 为美国历史上最杰出的总统 之一，同华盛顿、林肯和罗 斯福齐名。
seamen; New troubles. Military actions: onto Canada In 1814, the war in Europe ended.
Immediate Effect of the Warห้องสมุดไป่ตู้of 1812
Enhance the position of America; Strong federal government; Materialism; Promote economic development; Money means justice; Nationalism and increased feelings of selfconfidence and unity.
☆民主共和党 （DemocraticRepublican Party）是 美国建国早期的一个政 党。由汤玛斯· 杰佛逊 (Thomas Jefferson)和 詹姆斯· 麦迪逊(James Madison)在1790年代创 建。民主共和党的对立 政党是联邦党。与联邦 党相比，民主共和党更 强调各州的权力，并且 重视自耕农的权益，反 对君主主义。主要支持 地区是西部和南部。民 主共和党可被视为今日 美国两大党派中民主党 的前身。
The War of 1812
Background: Conflict caused by foreign trade; Conflict caused by English fur traders; Intensified by British seizing of American
The Monroe Doctrine (1823)
Background: the development of the U.S. economy, the victory of the war with England, Holy Alliance poses a threat to its interest.
II. American Civil War
Before 1861
The Abolitionist Movement Missouri Compromise Kansas-Nebraska Act Dred Scott Decision Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852 John Brown Abraham Lincoln---the presidential election of 1860
乔治· 华盛顿画像
乔治· 华盛顿是美国首
任总统（1789～1797 年），美国独立战争 大陆军总司令。1789 年，当选为美国第一 任总统，1793年连任， 在两届任期结束后， 他自愿放弃权力不再 续任，隐退于弗农山 庄园。 华盛顿被尊称为美国 国父，学者们则将他 和亚伯拉罕· 林肯并列 为美国历史上最伟大 的总统。
The Constitutional Convention 立宪会议
May, 1787 Delegates from all states except Rhode
Island met in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. George Washington was unanimously(全 体一致地)elected presiding officer.
詹姆斯· 麦迪逊
他没有在独立宣言上签字，也未
能在革命战争中冲锋陷阵，然而 他在为缔造美利坚合众国所做的 贡献上，无人可及。 美国宪法—这份在詹姆斯· 麦迪逊 影响下制定的不同凡响的文件， 不仅确立了成功效力于美国两个 多世纪的政体，而且确保了美国 公民基本权力的实现。 正如麦迪逊一再声明的那样，该 文件的订立是众人合作努力的结 果。尽管这样，由于他的贡献如 此之大，这个少言寡语、身材矮 小的弗吉尼亚人被人尊为“宪法 之父”。 这位思想敏锐、高瞻远瞩的美国 第四任总统，在创建美国民主制 度的历程中，功不可没。
门罗主义
门罗主义(Monroe
Doctrine)发表于1823 年，表明美利坚合众国 当时的观点，即欧洲列 强不应再殖民美洲，或 涉足美国与墨西哥等美 洲国家之主权相关事务。 而对于欧洲各国之间的 争端，或各国与其美洲 殖民地之间的战事，美 国保持中立。相关战事 若发生于美洲，美国将 视为具敌意之行为。
☆联邦党（Federalist Party或Federal Party） 是在1792年到1816年期间 存在的一个美国政党。由 美国首任财政部长亚历山 大· 汉密尔顿(Alexander Hamilton)成立。联邦党是 美国在1801年之前的执政 党。主张增强联邦政府的 权力。主要的支持者来自 新英格兰和一些南方较富 有的农民。其竞争对手为 民主共和党。联邦党是后 来辉格党和共和党的前身。
1812年战争
起因：美国独立战争结束后，英美之间的主权之争并未停