2015年上海市十三校联考第二次历史试卷

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2015年高三第二次全国大联考(新课标II版)文科综合历史部分

…○…………外…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________…○…………内…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………绝密★启用前2015年第二次全国大联考【新课标全国卷2】文科综合历史部分考试内容：高考全部内容考试时间：50分钟题号一二总分得分注意事项：1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

2．答题前考生务必用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 3．考试作答时，请将答案正确填写在答题卡上。

第一卷每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；第Ⅱ卷请用直径0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域．．．．．．书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．。

第I 卷（选择题）评卷人得分一、选择题（题型注释）24.魏征的直谏，备受封建文人推崇，无论是其“民惟邦本，本固邦宁”的民本思想，还是其“载舟覆舟，所宜深慎”的治国理念；无论是其“兼听则明，偏信则暗”的哲人睿思，还是其“创业难，守成尤难”的至理名言，都给后人留下了宝贵的精神财富和深刻的启示。

材料中魏征的直谏（）A ．对保持唐代吏治的廉洁起到了积极的作用B ．避免了皇帝决策的失误C ．正直的大臣对皇权有一定的制约作用D ．与君权形成了分立对峙的局面 25.司马光《训俭示康》：“近岁风俗尤为侈靡，走卒类士服，农夫蹑丝履。

吾记天圣中，先公为群牧判官，客至未尝不置酒，或三行、五行，多不过七行。

酒酤于市，果止于梨、栗、枣、柿之类﹔肴止于脯醢、菜羹，器用瓷漆。

当时士大夫家皆然，人不相非也。

”材料反映的本质是（） A.宋代商品经济活跃 B.商品经济发展人民生活富裕 C.宋代人生活十分腐化 D.社会分化现象十分严重26.不仅仅在三元里，在两次鸦片战争中，都有众多的中国民众为英军以及后来的英法联军服务，他们为这些“夷人”提供后勤，刺探情报、引路，甚至直接参与作战。

2015年上海市历史合格考试卷

2015年上海市普通高中学业水平考试历史试卷考生注意：1.试卷满分分，考试时间90分钟。

2.本考试分设试卷和答题纸。

试卷包括两部分，第一部分为选择题，第二部分为非选择题。

3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名、报名号、考场号和座位号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。

作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。

第一部分的作答必须涂在答题纸上相应的区域，第二部分的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。

一、选择题（共50分，每小题2分。

每小题只有一个正确答案）1.下图中反映古代两河流域文明成果的是A BCD2.在雅典城邦具有参加公民大会资格的是A.全体居民B.成年女性C.成年男性公民D.外邦人和奴隶3.罗马帝国分崩离析，却留下了A.佛教B.印度教C.基督教D.伊斯兰教4.右图反映的政治制度是A.元首制B.等级君主制C.君主专制D.君主立宪制5.中华文明的起源如满天星斗，星罗棋布。

其核心地区是A.中原地区B.西北地区C.东北地区D.西南地区6.制定礼乐制度，倡导德治的是A.黄帝B.夏启C.商汤D.周公7.历史上废除贵族特权，实行军功授爵制，奖励农耕的改革是A.梭伦改革B.商鞅改革C.孝文帝改革D.查理·马特改革8.在三国鼎立示意图中②代表A.鲜卑B.魏C.蜀D.吴9.下图喻指的政治现象出现在A.秦朝B.唐朝C.宋朝D.元朝10.元朝时期，对西藏地区实行有效管辖的机构是A.澎湖巡检司B.宣政院C.中书省D.枢密院11.明王朝在统治初期设立了法外行事的机构以加强专制统治。

该机构时A.政事堂B.内阁C.厂卫D.军机处12.“人文主义”、“古典文化”、“世俗化”是某书中的核心概念。

该书研究的主题是A.文艺复兴 B.宗教改革C.启蒙运动D.空想社会主义13.确立“议会至上”原则的法律文献是A.《权利法案》B.《独立宣言》C.《人权宣言》D.《合众国宪法》14.19世纪中叶，英国工业中占主导地位的生产组织形式是A.手工工场 B.现代工厂C.垄断资本D.跨国公司15.一百五十多年来，没有一个学说像它这样彻底改变人类社会发展的历史进程。

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试历史全国二卷答案解析

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标全国Ⅱ卷）文科综合历史部分试题简析24.【答案】C【解析】实质类试题。

儒家学者希望统治者效法先贤，创造的理想政治环境。

25.【答案】A【解析】实质类试题。

翻译文言文是关键，“与我共同治理天下的，就是那些称职的郡守啊!”可见帝王对地方吏治的重视程度。

26.【答案】C【解析】原因类试题。

材料问的并不是“南宋完成南移”（时间点），而是中国历史上整个经济南移的过程。

经济重心南移显然是南方农业经济的发展。

当然，农业发展的同时，其他行业也会相应发展。

27.【答案】B【解析】影响类试题。

迁都北京使政治中心北移，经济发达的南方要为北方提供援助。

经济重心未变化，仍在南方，排除D。

28.【答案】A【解析】影响类试题。

观念守旧者（其实是当时的很多人）对亲西方者充满鄙夷。

洋务运动失败的原因：……当时的大多数中国人思想还处于被愚昧迷信和传统礼教束缚的阶段等。

29.【答案】C【解析】目的类试题。

康有为在《新学伪经考》中揭露古文经系伪造的手法就是康自己伪造史实（排除A）。

甚至后来写入大陆教科书的康有为事迹，也是老头自己在海外杜撰吹嘘出来的伪史。

《新学伪经考》认为古文经是西汉刘韵为王莽窜汉伪造的，因是王莽新朝之学，故称。

在《孔子改制考》一书中，宣称孔子是托古改制、主张变革的先师，借助孔教名义提出变法要求。

顽固派指责他“其貌孔也，其心则夷也”。

30.【答案】B【解析】目的类试题。

日军的战争消耗转嫁给中国人。

AC地点与材料不符，D在材料中无体现（起码不是核心意思）。

31.【答案】D【解析】原因类试题。

某网站把答案错误成了A。

不是外交政策转变的“需要”而是转变的“结果”。

32.【答案】D【解析】原因类试题。

不是等级观念淡化也不是贫富差距缩小（差距扩大才对），而是东西方贸易更方便，易购得。

B项不能体现出茶叶“由小众到大众”的变化，穷人即使崇尚但买不起或买不到还是喝不上。

（上世纪70年代中国人谁不想买台电视机？但你家“有钱+有票”吗？）33.【答案】B【解析】原因类试题。

上海市十三校2015届高三第二次联考英语试题带答案

2015年上海市十三校联考高三英语试卷2015.03听力（略）II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.ALatin study can help Chinese learn EnglishIn 1988, I went and started to learn Mandarin in Taiwan. At first it was just the mysterious Eastern culture 25.________ attracted me, but after I read on Confucianism and Taoism, I was amazed by Chinese philosophy.In 1994, I was recommended by a friend to study with renowned philosopher Tang Yijie at Peking University as a doctoral student, 26.__________(focus) on the introduction and the spread of Christianity in China.Learning ancient languages enables us 27. __________(communicate) with ancient wise men. When I first read The Analects of Confucius in Chinese by looking up the dictionary word by word, I felt like I was talking to them who lived some 2,500 years ago, and it gave me tremendous joy.Nowadays, Chinese are crazy about learning English, 28. ________ many don’t know that English has been influenced by Latin in many ways, and if one wants to understand Western culture, one has to learn Latin. So I always wonder 29. __________ the Chinese are so content with superficial understanding instead of seeking the roots of the language.I used to have a dream of building a language school 30. _____________(dedicate) to Western classical languages, 31. ___________ now still seems unrealistic, but I have opened up courses in Renmin University and Beijing Normal University, and on weekends I do public teaching at the Xishiku cathedral (大教堂) and PostWave publishing company, so my dream is being partially realized.Besides teaching, I use my spare time writing books on classics studies and I 32. ___________(publish) more than 30 titles so far. I see my students as my children, and want to give them my best.BModified food examinedStudies on genetic modification(GM) 33. ______________(mention) six times in the annual No. 1 Central Document. This year’s document is the first to propose 34. __________(spread) scientific knowledge related to the use of genetic modification.This is a worthy move in that the authorities appear to have decided to break 35. ____________ long silence about GM technology, says Qing Chuan in an article inRednet. cn.For too long, opinions on genetically modified crops in China have been divided. Advocates of GM accuse opponents 36. ___________ fear mongering(兜售)，while opponents with either having been bought over by foreign seed companies, or ignoring threats to public health or national food security.The governmental authorities have been sponsoring studies for years but 37. ________ have not talked much about the unauthorized commercialization of research achievements exposed by some reports. Occasionally, government officials have complained about the public’s ignorance and “demonization”(妖魔化) of GM technologies. Yet few of them succeeded in reassuring a worried public with 38. _______________ (convincing) explanations.GM technologies, GM food in particular, have been unpopular thus far not because they’ve been proven unsafe, but mostly be cause authorities 39. ___________ not have been unnecessarily quiet, says Qing.The public deserves to know 40. _______________ is being done and why, and such knowledge will contribute to their understanding of the issue.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each wordAs many sit down to enjoy plentiful holiday meals this season, it’s also a good time to note the growing problem of food waste.According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, it is 41._____________ that one-third of food produced for human consumption worldwide annually is lost or wasted.The economic and environmental implications of food loss and waste are 42. ____. More than a quarter of the world’s agricultural land is being worked to grow food that nobody eats.What’s the difference between food loss and food waste? Waste happens toward the back end of the food chain, at the retail and consumer level. Loss, on the other hand, mostly 43. _______ at the front of the food chain—during production, post-harvest, and 44. _____ —and it’s more common in the developing world, which tends to lack the base to deliver all of its food, in 45. ______ shape, to consumers.In developed nations, extreme-efficient farming practices, plenty of refrigeration, and first-rate transportation and storage 46. _______ that most of the food they grow makes it to the retail level. But things go rapidly south from there.Store managers 47. ______ over-order, for fear of running out of a particular product. The British supermarket chain T esco, for example, 48. ______ throwing out nearly 50,000 tons of food within their UK stores during the latest financial year.Consumers are also to 49. ______. We often order too much food in restaurants without taking leftovers home. We overbuy when there is a discount for invitingly packaged food. When we store food, many of us take “use by” dates literally, and wesuffer no 50. ______ for dumping eatable food into a bin.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Do you often feel tried in the morning even though you’ve been in bed for seven or eight hours the night before? Like many people, you are not sleeping as much as you think you are. _51_, your sleep efficiency is not that good.Sleep experts _52_ “sleep efficiency” as the percentage of time that you are actually sleeping.According to explanatory journalism website , the science of sleep efficiency is still young. There is no _53_ number for efficiency that’s been proven as linked to poor health. However, according to a New York Times report about sleep _54_, some experts make a rough estimate of 85 percent or above as a decent place to be.Besides avoiding caffeine intake after lunch and _55_ physical exercise before bed, here are more tips for improving sleep efficiency.A void blue light at nightShort wavelength blue light, _56_ by the sun and by the screens of computers, iPads and smartphones, stops production of the sleep-stimulating hormone melatonin (褪黑激素) and makes you feel more _57_. Blue light tells your brain it’s daytime. Experts suggest turning off your computers and smartphones one hour or at least 30 minutes before bed. You can also try installing apps that can filter blue light on your _58_.Keep a _59_ sleep scheduleGo to bed and wake up at the same time, or _60_ the same time, every day. Avoid excessive sleeping on the weekend. Consistency is the key to a good night’s sleep, especially when it comes to waking up. When you have a consistent wake-up time, your brain _61_ to this and moves through the sleep cycle in preparation for you to feel rested and alert at your wake-up time. Roughly an hour before you wake, hormone levels increase gradually (along with your body temperature and blood pressure), _62_ you to become more alert.Take napsOne of the biggest _63_ in melatonin production happens during the 1 to 3 pm time frame, which explains why most people feel sleepy in the afternoon. If you aren’t getting enough sleep at night, you’re likely going to feel _64_ to sleep in the afternoon. When this happens, you’re better off taking a short nap (less than 30 minutes) than turning to caffeine or strong tea to keep you awake. A short nap will give you the rest you need to _65_ the rest of the afte rnoon, and you’ll sleep much better in the evening than if you drink caffeine or take a long afternoon nap.51. A. By contrast B. In other words C. In conclusion D. On the contrary52. A. treat B. serve C. work D. define53. A. specific B. effective C. general D. precious54. A. quantity B. absence C. quality D. advance55. A. undertaking B. restricting C. performing D. referring56. A. given off B. given away C. given in D. given over57. A. sleepy B. unconscious C. exhausted D. alert58. A. installations B. appliances C. devices D. computers59. A. various B. distinct C. habitual D. changeable60. A. relatively B. exactly C. gradually D. respectively61. A. adopts B. adapts C. devotes D. dedicates62. A. commanding B. permitting C. reminding D. causing63. A. problems B. peaks C. advantages D. weaknesses64. A. depressive B. accurate C. desperate D. attentive65. A. see to B. break through C. take to D. get throughSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）You will never stay the same person.Several recent research studies show a person’s personality naturally changes over time in response to life events and most people tend to improve their personalities as they mature.“Personality means a characteris tic pattern of thinking, feeling and behaving that is consistent over time and across situations,” says Christopher Soto, a research psychologist at Colby College in Maine, US., who thinks that personality is about 50 percent innate and 50 percent learned.Psychologists usually use the Big Five personality model——the human personality can be divided into five broad categories—openness, conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism（神经质）and extroversion（外向）.Some personality types are more successful than others. Soto says people who are more conscientious tend to do better in the workplace and school. People who score high on agreeableness and low on neuroticism tend to have more satisfying and stable relationships. Extroverts do better in social and entrepreneurial （创业）occupations.According to Soto, even small changes in a person’s personality can produce important effects on relationships, career, health and happiness. But change takes time.“You start by changing the behavior and then, if you can maintain that new behavior over time, it gets cultivated,” Soto says.Where do you start? “First, we have to recognize which pieces of our personality affct us,” says Richard Levak, a wel l-known personality expert. “If I am always getting fired because I get into arguments with co-workers and always blame others, then I have to realize that I have to change something,” he says.Don’t set your expectation too high. Be patient. Warren Kennau gh, a behavioral strategist in Sydney, Australia, says it’s important to start small. Identify a first step and then practice it without worrying about the primary results. “It’s like learning to kick a football, you focus on the steps, not whether it goes in the goal,” The Wall Street Journalquoted him as saying.You should also let the people close to you know what you’re doing. “Not only can they be supportive,” Kennaugh says, “but a change for you can also mean a change for them—one they may not want o r be ready for, if they aren’t told beforehand.”66. The word “innate” (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to _________________.A. instructiveB. inbornC. indifferentD. informative67. If Steve is a successful sales manager, who always gets well along with others, he probably has the personality model of _____________.A. agreeableness and extroversionB. conscientiousness and neuroticism]C. agreeableness and neuroticismD. openness and neuroticism68. We can learn from the passage that both Soto and Kennaugh think that _________A. adequate time and patience are needed in developing new personalitiesB. when in trouble, one always needs to reflect on his own behaviorsC. one must begin with small things to cultivate new personalitiesD. we are often not sure of the impact of our personalities on our life69. What is this passage mainly about?A. People tend to be changeable as they mature.B. We can easily alter our personalities in a short timeC. Only those of great patience can change their personalitiesD. We can our personalities with some proper strategies.(B)It’s often interesting to take a look at some of the lists that arrive toward the end of the year such as top devices, best gadgets, most desirable high-tech gift and more. Apart from cell phones and tablets, and Apple and Samsung products, this year many other gadgets made it on the most wanted list from Yahoo Tech and the most searched list from Bing. com. Read on to find out what they are.Wireless headphonePortable Bluetooth headphones represent the next evolution in headphone technology. If you have a compatible smartphone with Bluetooth, the obvious benefit is that you can get rid of the wires snaking from your backpack or pocket. Many of the wireless headphones in the market also have a built-in microphone for taking calls hands-free.Product to buy: Beats Studio WirelessFeatures: Signature look, and powerful audio performance with intense bass and high-mid boosting, plus plenty of accessories.Price: 1898 yuanSmartwatchThe primary advantage of a smartwatch over traditional watches is that they reduce how often you have to pull your phone out of your pocket. With it, the information on your smartphone goes straight to your wrist, and you can decide first if they are worth dealing with.Product to buy: Pebble smartwatchFeatures: Understated design, with easy setup and instant information, and customizable watch faces, plus synes（同步）with Android or IOS.Price: $99 (about 612 yuan)Portable Bluetooth speakerBluetooth speakers are steadily growing in popularity because they let you take the party anywhere. They can be paired with your music device, and they are able to withstand incidental bumps. Though small in size, Bluetooth speakers provide a steady soundtrack for even the lengthiest bacchanalia (狂欢)。

2015年高考上海卷历史试题答案及解析

2015年高考上海卷历史试题答案及解析2015年高考结束了，考生们也准备到学校去报道了。

2016年的考生们也准备开始第一轮复习，拿到高考真题也会有些紧张，现店铺整理了2015年上海高考历史试题及其参考答案，仅供参考，希望对你有帮助!2015年高考上海卷历史真题+答案+解析一、选择题(共75分)以下每小题2分，共60分。

每题只有一个正确选项。

1.”一万年农业，五千年文明，两千年大一统“指的是( )A.中华文明B.埃及文明C.印度文明D.希腊文明【答案】A【解析】中国是世界农业起源地之一，有上下五千年的文明，还有自从秦朝建立中央集权以来，发展的历程一直没有中断，延续两千多年。

2.“什尔巴克，这是个你也知道的市镇，它的位置在幼发拉底。

那是个古老的市镇，诸神都在那里存身，是他们让诸大神泛起洪水……”以上文字出自( )A.《吉尔伽美什》B.《罗摩衍那》C.《摩诃婆罗多》D.《荷马史诗》【答案】A3.“每一国的人民，一方面要遵守自身特有的法律制度和社会习俗，一方面要遵守全人类共同的法律，……根据自然理性，适用于全人类的法律称为列国通法”。

与此理论相关的法律实践是( )A汉穆拉比颁布了颁布了集古代两河流域各国法律之大成的法典B梭伦改革时期颁布了废除债务奴隶的法令C罗马共和国政府公布了“十二铜表法”D卡拉卡拉皇帝敕令授予罗马帝国全体自由民以公民权【答案】D【解析】适用于全人类的法律称为列国通法是卡拉卡拉皇帝敕令授予罗马帝国全体自由民以公民权。

4.在中央集权体制初创的秦朝，选用啬夫的是( )A太尉 B皇帝C郡守、县令 D丞相【答案】C【解析】啬夫是县以下行政机构的，不算官吏，掌管赋税的征收，所以选用来自地方长官郡守、县令。

5.公元前202年汉朝建立。

这一年处在( )A公元前2世纪初 B公元前2世纪末C公元前3世纪初 D公元前3世纪末【答案】C【解析】公元前202是公元前3世纪。

6、“井田之变，豪人货殖，馆舍布于州郡，田亩连于方国。

上海市十三校2015届高三第二次联考英语试题

2015年3月十三校联考高三英语试卷2015.03听力（略）II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.ALatin study can help Chinese learn EnglishIn 1988, I went and started to learn Mandarin in T aiwan. At first it was just the mysterious Eastern culture 25.________ attracted me, but after I read on Confucianism and Taoism, I was amazed by Chinese philosophy.In 1994, I was recommended by a friend to study with renowned philosopher Tang Yijie at Peking University as a doctoral student, 26.__________(focus) on the introduction and the spread of Christianity in China.Learning ancient languages enables us 27. __________(communicate) with ancient wise men. When I first read The Analects of Confucius in Chinese by looking up the dictionary word by word, I felt like I was talking to them who lived some 2,500 years ago, and it gave me tremendous joy.Nowadays, Chinese are crazy about learning English, 28. ________ many don’t know that English has been influenced by Latin in many ways, and if one wants to understand Western culture, one has to learn Latin. So I always wonder 29. __________ the Chinese are so content with superficial understanding instead of seeking the roots of the language.I used to have a dream of building a language school 30. _____________(dedicate) to Western classical languages, 31. ___________ now still seems unrealistic, but I have opened up courses in Renmin University and Beijing Normal University, and on weekends I do public teaching at the Xishiku cathedral (大教堂) and PostWave publishing company, so my dream is being partially realized.Besides teaching, I use my spare time writing books on classics studies and I 32. ___________(publish) more than 30 titles so far. I see my students as my children, and want to give them my best.BModified food examinedStudies on genetic modification(GM) 33. ______________(mention) six times in the annual No.1 Central Document. This year’s document is the first to propose 34. __________(spread) scientific knowledge related to the use of genetic modification.This is a worthy move in that the authorities appear to have decided to break 35. ____________ long silence about GM technology, says Qing Chuan in an article in Rednet. cn.For too long, opinions on genetically modified crops in China have been divided. Advocates of GM accuse opponents 36. ___________ fear mongering(兜售)，while opponents with either having been bought over by foreign seed companies, or ignoring threats to public health or national food security.The governmental authorities have been sponsoring studies for years but 37. ________ have not talked much about the unauthorized commercialization of research achievements exposed by some reports. Occasionally, government officials have complained about the public’s ignorance and “demonization”(妖魔化) of GM technologies. Yet few of them succeeded in reassuring a worried public with 38. _______________ (convincing) explanations.GM technologies, GM food in particular, have been unpopular thus far not because they’ve been proven unsafe, but mostly because authorities 39. ___________ not have been unnecessarily quiet, says Qing.The public deserves to know 40. _______________ is being done and why, and such knowledge will contribute to their understanding of the issue.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only begrowing problem of food waste.According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, it is 41._____________ that one-third of food produced for human consumption worldwide annually is lost or wasted.The economic and environmental implications of food loss and waste are 42. ____. More than a quarter of the world’s agricultural land is being worked to grow food that nobody eats.What’s the difference between food loss and food waste? Waste happens toward the back end of the food chain, at the retail and consumer level. Loss, on the other hand, mostly 43. _______ at the front of the food chain—during production, post-harvest, and 44. _____ —and it’s more common in the developing world, which tends to lack the base to deliver all of its food, in 45. ______ shape, to consumers.In developed nations, extreme-efficient farming practices, plenty of refrigeration, and first-rate transportation and storage 46. _______ that most of the food they grow makes it to the retail level. But things go rapidly south from there.Store managers 47. ______ over-order, for fear of running out of a particular product. The British supermarket chain Tesco, for example, 48. ______ throwing out nearly 50,000 tons of food within their UK stores during the latest financial year.Consumers are also to 49. ______. We often order too much food in restaurants without taking leftovers home. We overbuy when there is a discount for invitingly packaged food. When we store food, many of us take “use by” dates literally, and we suffer no 50. ______ for dumping eatablefood into a bin.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Do you often feel tried in the morning even though you’ve been in bed for seven or eight hours the night before? Like many people, you are not sleeping as much as you think you are. _51_, your sleep efficiency is not that good.Sleep experts _52_ “sleep efficiency” as the percentage of time that you are actually sleeping.According to explanatory journalism website , the science of sleep efficiency is still young. There is no _53_ number for efficiency that’s been proven as linked to poor health. However, according to a New York Times report about sleep _54_, some experts make a rough estimate of 85 percent or above as a decent place to be.Besides avoiding caffeine intake after lunch and _55_ physical exercise before bed, here are more tips for improving sleep efficiency.Avoid blue light at nightShort wavelength blue light, _56_ by the sun and by the screens of computers, iPads and smartphones, stops production of the sleep-stimulating hormone melatonin (褪黑激素) and makes you feel more _57_. Blue light tells your brain it’s daytime. Experts suggest turning off your computers and smartphones one hour or at least 30 minutes before bed. You can also try installing apps that can filter blue light on your _58_.Keep a _59_ sleep scheduleGo to bed and wake up at the same time, or _60_ the same time, every day. Avoid excessive sleeping on the weekend. Consistency is the key to a good night’s sleep, especially when it comes to waking up. When you have a consistent wake-up time, your brain _61_ to this and moves through the sleep cycle in preparation for you to feel rested and alert at your wake-up time. Roughly an hour before you wake, hormone levels increase gradually (along with your body temperature and blood pressure), _62_ you to become more alert.Take napsOne of the biggest _63_ in melatonin production happens during the 1 to 3 pm time frame, which explains why most people feel sleepy in the afternoon. If you aren’t getting enough sleep at night, you’re likely going to feel _64_ to sleep in the afternoon. When this happens, you’re better off taking a short nap (less than 30 minutes) than turning to caffeine or strong tea to keep you awake.A short nap will give you the rest you need to _65_ the rest of the afternoon, and you’ll sleep much better in the evening than if you drink caffeine or take a long afternoon nap.51. A. By contrast B. In other words C. In conclusion D. On the contrary52. A. treat B. serve C. work D. define53. A. specific B. effective C. general D. precious54. A. quantity B. absence C. quality D. advance55. A. undertaking B. restricting C. performing D. referring56. A. given off B. given away C. given in D. given over57. A. sleepy B. unconscious C. exhausted D. alert58. A. installations B. appliances C. devices D. computers59. A. various B. distinct C. habitual D. changeable60. A. relatively B. exactly C. gradually D. respectively61. A. adopts B. adapts C. devotes D. dedicates62. A. commanding B. permitting C. reminding D. causing63. A. problems B. peaks C. advantages D. weaknesses64. A. depressive B. accurate C. desperate D. attentive65. A. see to B. break through C. take to D. get throughSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）You will never stay the same person.Several recent research studies show a person’s personality naturally changes over time in response to life events and most people tend to improve their personalities as they mature.“Personality means a characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and behaving that is consistent over time and across situations,” says Christopher Soto, a research psychologist at Colby College in Maine, US., who thinks that personality is about 50 percent innate and 50 percent learned.Psychologists usually use the Big Five personality model——the human personality can be divided into five broad categories—openness, conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism（神经质）and extroversion（外向）.Some personality types are more successful than others. Soto says people who are more conscientious tend to do better in the workplace and school. People who score high on agreeableness and low on neuroticism tend to have more satisfying and stable relationships. Extroverts do better in social and entrepreneurial （创业）occupations.According to Soto, even small changes in a person’s personality can produce important effects on relationships, career, health and happiness. But change takes time.“You start by changing the behavior and then, if you can maintain that new behavior over time, it gets cultivated,” Soto says.Where do you start? “First, we have to recognize which pieces of our personality affct us,” says Richard Levak, a well-known personality expert. “If I am always getting fired because I get into arguments with co-workers and always blame others, then I have to realize that I have to change something,” he says.Don’t set your ex pectation too high. Be patient. Warren Kennaugh, a behavioral strategist in Sydney, Australia, says it’s important to start small. Identify a first step and then practice it without worrying about the primary results. “It’s like learning to kick a football, you focus on the steps, not whether it goes in the goal,” The Wall Street Journal quoted him as saying.You should also let the people close to you know what you’re doing. “Not only can they be supportive,” Kennaugh says, “but a change for you can also m ean a change for them—one theymay not want or be ready for, if they aren’t told beforehand.”66. The word “innate” (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to _________________.A. instructiveB. inbornC. indifferentD. informative67. If Steve is a successful sales manager, who always gets well along with others, he probably has the personality model of _____________.A. agreeableness and extroversionB. conscientiousness and neuroticism]C. agreeableness and neuroticismD. openness and neuroticism68. We can learn from the passage that both Soto and Kennaugh think that _________A. adequate time and patience are needed in developing new personalitiesB. when in trouble, one always needs to reflect on his own behaviorsC. one must begin with small things to cultivate new personalitiesD. we are often not sure of the impact of our personalities on our life69. What is this passage mainly about?A. People tend to be changeable as they mature.B. We can easily alter our personalities in a short timeC. Only those of great patience can change their personalitiesD. We can our personalities with some proper strategies.(B)It’s often interesting to take a look at some of the lists that arrive toward the end of the year such as top devices, best gadgets, most desirable high-tech gift and more. Apart from cell phones and tablets, and Apple and Samsung products, this year many other gadgets made it on the most wanted list from Yahoo Tech and the most searched list from Bing. com. Read on to find out what they are.Wireless headphonePortable Bluetooth headphones represent the next evolution in headphone technology. If you have a compatible smartphone with Bluetooth, the obvious benefit is that you can get rid of the wires snaking from your backpack or pocket. Many of the wireless headphones in the market also have a built-in microphone for taking calls hands-free.Product to buy: Beats Studio WirelessFeatures: Signature look, and powerful audio performance with intense bass and high-mid boosting, plus plenty of accessories.Price: 1898 yuanSmartwatchThe primary advantage of a smartwatch over traditional watches is that they reduce how often you have to pull your phone out of your pocket. With it, the information on your smartphone goes straight to your wrist, and you can decide first if they are worth dealing with.Product to buy: Pebble smartwatchFeatures: Understated design, with easy setup and instant information, and customizable watch faces, plus synes（同步）with Android or IOS.Price: $99 (about 612 yuan)。

2015十三校联考上海市十三校2015届高三第二次联考英语试题 Word版含答案

2015年3月十三校联考高三英语试卷2015.03听力（略）II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.ALatin study can help Chinese learn EnglishIn 1988, I went and started to learn Mandarin in Taiwan. At first it was just the mysterious Eastern culture 25.________ attracted me, but after I read on Confucianism and Taoism, I was amazed by Chinese philosophy.In 1994, I was recommended by a friend to study with renowned philosopher Tang Yijie at Peking University as a doctoral student, 26.__________(focus) on the introduction and the spread of Christianity in China.Learning ancient languages enables us 27. __________(communicate) with ancient wise men. When I first read The Analects of Confucius in Chinese by looking up the dictionary word by word, I felt like I was talking to them who lived some 2,500 years ago, and it gave me tremendous joy.Nowadays, Chinese are crazy about learning English, 28. ________ many don’t know that English has been influenced by Latin in many ways, and if one wants to understand Western culture, one has to learn Latin. So I always wonder 29. __________ the Chinese are so content with superficial understanding instead of seeking the roots of the language.I used to have a dream of building a language school 30. _____________(dedicate) to Western classical languages, 31. ___________ now still seems unrealistic, but I have opened up courses in Renmin University and Beijing Normal University, and on weekends I do public teaching at the Xishiku cathedral (大教堂) and PostWave publishing company, so my dream is being partially realized.Besides teaching, I use my spare time writing books on classics studies and I 32. ___________(publish) more than 30 titles so far. I see my students as my children, and want to give them my best.BModified food examinedStudies on genetic modification(GM) 33. ______________(mention) six times in the annual No. 1 Central Document. This year’s document is the first to propose 34. __________(spread) scientific knowledge related to the use of genetic modification.This is a worthy move in that the authorities appear to have decided to break 35. ____________ long silence about GM technology, says Qing Chuan in an article in Rednet. cn.For too long, opinions on genetically modified crops in China have been divided.Advocates of GM accuse opponents 36. ___________ fear mongering(兜售)，while opponents with either having been bought over by foreign seed companies, or ignoring threats to public health or national food security.The governmental authorities have been sponsoring studies for years but 37. ________ have not talked much about the unauthorized commercialization of research achievements exposed by some reports. Occasionally, government officials have complained about the public’s ignorance and “demonization”(妖魔化) of GM technologies. Yet few of them succeeded in reassuring a worried public with 38. _______________ (convincing) explanations.GM technologies, GM food in particular, have been unpopular thus far not because they’ve been proven unsafe, but mostly be cause authorities 39. ___________ not have been unnecessarily quiet, says Qing.The public deserves to know 40. _______________ is being done and why, and such knowledge will contribute to their understanding of the issue.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word cannote the growing problem of food waste.According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, it is 41._____________ that one-third of food produced for human consumption worldwide annually is lost or wasted.The economic and environmental implications of food loss and waste are 42. ____. More than a quarter of the world’s agricultural land is being worked to grow food that nobody eats.What’s the difference between food loss and food waste? Waste happens toward the back end of the food chain, at the retail and consumer level. Loss, on the other hand, mostly 43. _______ at the front of the food chain—during production, post-harvest, and 44. _____ —and it’s more common in the developing world, which tends to lack the base to deliver all of its food, in 45. ______ shape, to consumers.In developed nations, extreme-efficient farming practices, plenty of refrigeration, and first-rate transportation and storage 46. _______ that most of the food they grow makes it to the retail level. But things go rapidly south from there.Store managers 47. ______ over-order, for fear of running out of a particular product. The British supermarket chain Tesco, for example, 48. ______ throwing out nearly 50,000 tons of food within their UK stores during the latest financial year.Consumers are also to 49. ______. We often order too much food in restaurants without taking leftovers home. We overbuy when there is a discount for invitingly packaged food. When we store food, many of us take “use by” dates literally, and we suffer no 50. ______ for dumping eatable food into a bin.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Do you often feel tried in the morning even though you’ve been in bed for seven or eight hours the night before? Like many people, you are not sleeping as much as you think you are. _51_, your sleep efficiency is not that good.Sleep experts _52_ “sleep efficiency” as the percentage of time that you are actually sleeping.According to explanatory journalism website , the science of sleep efficiency is still young. There is no _53_ number for efficiency that’s been proven as linked to poor health. However, according to a New York Times report about sleep _54_, some experts make a rough estimate of 85 percent or above as a decent place to be.Besides avoiding caffeine intake after lunch and _55_ physical exercise before bed, here are more tips for improving sleep efficiency.Avoid blue light at nightShort wavelength blue light, _56_ by the sun and by the screens of computers, iPads and smartphones, stops production of the sleep-stimulating hormone melatonin (褪黑激素) and makes you feel more _57_. Blue light tells your brain it’s daytime. Experts suggest turning off your computers and smartphones one hour or at least 30 minutes before bed. You can also try installing apps that can filter blue light on your _58_.Keep a _59_ sleep scheduleGo to bed and wake up at the same time, or _60_ the same time, every day. Avoid excessive sleeping on the weekend. Consistency is the key to a good night’s sleep, especially when it comes to waking up. When you have a consistent wake-up time, your brain _61_ to this and moves through the sleep cycle in preparation for you to feel rested and alert at your wake-up time. Roughly an hour before you wake, hormone levels increase gradually (along with your body temperature and blood pressure), _62_ you to become more alert.Take napsOne of the biggest _63_ in melatonin production happens during the 1 to 3 pm time frame, which explains why most people feel sleepy in the afternoon. If you aren’t getting enough sleep at night, you’re likely going to feel _64_ to sleep in the afternoon. When this happens, you’re better off taking a short nap (less than 30 minutes) than turning to caffeine or strong tea to keep you awake. A short nap will give you the rest you need to _65_ the rest of the afte rnoon, and you’ll sleep much better in the evening than if you drink caffeine or takea long afternoon nap.51. A. By contrast B. In other words C. In conclusion D. On the contrary52. A. treat B. serve C. work D. define53. A. specific B. effective C. general D. precious54. A. quantity B. absence C. quality D. advance55. A. undertaking B. restricting C. performing D. referring56. A. given off B. given away C. given in D. given over57. A. sleepy B. unconscious C. exhausted D. alert58. A. installations B. appliances C. devices D. computers59. A. various B. distinct C. habitual D. changeable60. A. relatively B. exactly C. gradually D. respectively61. A. adopts B. adapts C. devotes D. dedicates62. A. commanding B. permitting C. reminding D. causing63. A. problems B. peaks C. advantages D. weaknesses64. A. depressive B. accurate C. desperate D. attentive65. A. see to B. break through C. take to D. get throughSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）You will never stay the same person.Several recent research studies show a person’s personality naturally changes over time in response to life events and most people tend to improve their personalities as they mature.“Personality means a characteris tic pattern of thinking, feeling and behaving that is consistent over time and across situations,” says Christopher Soto, a research psychologist at Colby College in Maine, US., who thinks that personality is about 50 percent innate and 50 percent learned.Psychologists usually use the Big Five personality model——the human personality can be divided into five broad categories—openness, conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism（神经质）and extroversion（外向）.Some personality types are more successful than others. Soto says people who are more conscientious tend to do better in the workplace and school. People who score high on agreeableness and low on neuroticism tend to have more satisfying and stable relationships. Extroverts do better in social and entrepreneurial （创业）occupations.According to Soto, even small changes in a person’s personality can produce important effects on relationships, career, health and happiness. But change takes time.“You start by changing the behavior and then, if you can maintain that new behavior over time, it gets cultivated,” Soto says.Where do you start? “First, we have to recognize which pieces of our personality affct us,” says Richard Levak, a wel l-known personality expert. “If I am always getting fired because I get into arguments with co-workers and always blame others, then I have to realize that I have to change something,” he says.Don’t set your expectation too high. Be patient. Warren Kennau gh, a behavioral strategist in Sydney, Australia, says it’s important to start small. Identify a first step and then practice it without worrying about the primary results. “It’s like learning to kick a football, you focus on the steps, not whether it goes in the goal,” The Wall Street Journal quoted him as saying.You should also let the people close to you know what you’re doing. “Not only can theybe supportive,” Kennaugh says, “but a change for you can also mean a change for them—one they may not want o r be ready for, if they aren’t told beforehand.”66. The word “innate” (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to _________________.A. instructiveB. inbornC. indifferentD. informative67. If Steve is a successful sales manager, who always gets well along with others, he probably has the personality model of _____________.A. agreeableness and extroversionB. conscientiousness and neuroticism]C. agreeableness and neuroticismD. openness and neuroticism68. We can learn from the passage that both Soto and Kennaugh think that _________A. adequate time and patience are needed in developing new personalitiesB. when in trouble, one always needs to reflect on his own behaviorsC. one must begin with small things to cultivate new personalitiesD. we are often not sure of the impact of our personalities on our life69. What is this passage mainly about?A. People tend to be changeable as they mature.B. We can easily alter our personalities in a short timeC. Only those of great patience can change their personalitiesD. We can our personalities with some proper strategies.(B)It’s often interesting to take a look at some of the lists that arrive toward the end of the year such as top devices, best gadgets, most desirable high-tech gift and more. Apart from cell phones and tablets, and Apple and Samsung products, this year many other gadgets made it on the most wanted list from Yahoo Tech and the most searched list from Bing. com. Read on to find out what they are.Wireless headphonePortable Bluetooth headphones represent the next evolution in headphone technology. If you have a compatible smartphone with Bluetooth, the obvious benefit is that you can get rid of the wires snaking from your backpack or pocket. Many of the wireless headphones in the market also have a built-in microphone for taking calls hands-free.Product to buy: Beats Studio WirelessFeatures: Signature look, and powerful audio performance with intense bass and high-mid boosting, plus plenty of accessories.Price: 1898 yuanSmartwatchThe primary advantage of a smartwatch over traditional watches is that they reduce how often you have to pull your phone out of your pocket. With it, the information on your smartphone goes straight to your wrist, and you can decide first if they are worth dealing with.Product to buy: Pebble smartwatchFeatures: Understated design, with easy setup and instant information, and customizable watch faces, plus synes（同步）with Android or IOS.Price: $99 (about 612 yuan)Portable Bluetooth speakerBluetooth speakers are steadily growing in popularity because they let you take the party anywhere. They can be paired with your music device, and they are able to withstand incidental bumps. Though small in size, Bluetooth speakers provide a steady soundtrack for even the lengthiest bacchanalia (狂欢)。

上海市2015届十三校高三第二次联考试卷分析

上海市2021届十三校高三第二次联考试卷分析〔一〕阅读下文，完成第1-6题。

〔17分〕谁是最可怜的人刘再复(1)想想中国历史的沧桑起落，看到一些大人物的升降浮沉，便冒出一个问题自问自答。

问的是：“谁是最可怜的人？〞答的是：“孔夫子。

〞(2)被权势者抬的时候、捧的时候已经“可怜得很〞，更不用说被打、被骂、被声讨的时候。

(3)一九八八年，我应瑞典文学院的邀请，在斯德哥尔摩大学做了一次题为“传统和中国当代文学〞的讲座，就说在五四新文化运动中最倒霉的是孔夫子。

因为拿他作文化革命运动的靶子，就把他判定为“孔家店〞总头目，吃人文化的总代表，让他承当数千年中国文化负面的全部罪恶。

在当时的文化改革者的笔下，中国的专制、压迫、奴役，中国人奴性、兽性、羊性、家畜性，中国国民的世故、圆滑、虚伪、势利，自大，中国妇女的裹小脚，中国男人的抽鸦片，等等黑暗，全部推到孔夫子头上，那些年月，他老人家真被狠狠地泼了一身脏水。

(4)仅着眼于“五四〞，说孔夫子是“最倒霉的人〞恐怕没有错，但是如果着眼于整个20世纪乃至今天，那么应当用一个更准确的概念，这就是“最可怜的人〞。

我所定义“最可怜的人〞，是任意被揉捏的人。

更具体地说，是被任意宰割、任意定性、任意编排、任意驱使的人。

不错，最可怜的人并非被打倒、被打败的人，而是像面团一样被任意揉捏的人。

不幸，我们的孔夫子正是这样的人。

可怜这位“先师〞，一会儿被捧杀，一会儿被扼杀，一会儿被追杀。

揉来捏去，翻手为神，覆手为妖，时而是圣人，时而是罪人；时而是真君子，时而是“巧伪人〞；时而是文曲星，时而是“落水狗〞：时而是“王者师〞，时而是“丧家犬〞。

(5)孔夫子的角色被一再揉捏．一再变形之后，其“功能〞也变幻无穷。

鲁迅点破的功能是“敲门砖〞，权力之门，功名之门，豪门，侯门，宫廷门，都可敲进去。

不读孔子的书，怎可进身举人进士状元宰相？但鲁迅看到的是孔子当圣人时的功能，未见到他倒霉而被定为罪人时的功能．在“批林批孔〞运动中，他从“至圣先师〞变成“反面教员〞，其功能也是反面的。

上海市十三校2015届高三12月联考试题

上海市十三校2015届高三12月联考试题高三2010-12-16 20:57上海市十三校2015届高三12月联考试题4．考试时间150分钟。

试卷满分150分。

一、阅读（80分）（一）阅读下文，完成第1-6题。

（16分）①万众瞩目的上海世博会吉祥物突出的亮点就是一个“宝”字——而称之为“海宝”，除了设计者表达浓缩的主题和意蕴外，自然让人联想到“海内外世界级国宝汇聚上海的海量展示”。

尤其法国奥赛博物馆所藏、为安全起见分别用七架飞机运抵的罗丹雕塑（（青铜时代））、盎塑油画《晚钟））等七件珍宝，以及首次盘出国门的丹麦哥本哈根“美人鱼”铜像、人类第一次光顾另一天体的俄罗斯月球车，世界级珍稀动物亚达伯拉象龟等爆出的热门，把探宝炒成本届世博的最大看点。

②对国宝的认识和认知，中国人有独到的鉴别力，所谓慧眼却也每受片面视角的困惑。

言其独到，经典例证是楚人卞和能从一块凡常不过的璞石申看出至宝，终使“和氏璧”传世。

今年早些时候，亦有人大代表从藏于江浙的元人黄公望半幅《富春山居图》中，“读”出一条含金量极高的提案：冀与藏诸彼岸台北博物馆的另外半幅合成完璧。

夙愿若成，当使一幅少为人知的传统国画升格为顶尖级“国宝”。

③而言其片面，是因国人更习惯于赏读那种精美绝伦的物质形态、或以精美绝伦的物质形态为载体而看得见摸得着的精神文化瑰宝。

诚若清高宗有幸莅临本届世博，见到塞尚的（（咖啡壹边的妇女》，必以积习加盖一方“乾隆御览之宝”为幸事；而对无形之宝，尤其诸多虽有形而似“无价”之宝，却无从着眼，或看“走眼”。

④譬如形似“冰壶”的芬兰馆之“鱼鳞外墙”，是回收利用的废旧标签和塑料边角；西班牙馆的立面以不作任何染色的天然藤条编席为之；瑞士馆的红色幕帷，也主要由大豆纤维制作。

以寻常眼光去看，岂不等同无价无用的弃物？乃至加拿大馆竞禁止摆放大型展品，这与国人心目中的“国宝观”——乃至藏宝之包装也需镶金嵌玉、富丽堂皇才见隆重——以致史上留下过“买椟还珠”的极端案例而大相径庭。

2015联考中考模拟试卷历史答案

（5）正视历史主权领土问题坚定维护（言之有理即可）
13、(1)法西斯暴行轴心国集团
（2）《失败》或《灭亡》意思相近即可
雅尔塔会议诺曼底登陆等（全对1分，否则无分）
（3）推行纵容侵略绥靖政策
（4）团结合作（言之有理即可）
历史答案
题号
12345678
9
10
答案
B
C
A
D
B
D
B
B
B
B
11、（1）唐和亲（设管理结构册封……）宋战与和
加强民族间经济文化交流边疆安定
（2）册封达赖、班禅制度驻藏大臣
（3）民族平等团结共同繁荣（言之有理即可）
12、（1）洋务运动明治维新
（2）允许日本投资办厂
（3）日本全面侵华战争（抗日战争）
（4）半殖民地半封建走中国特色社会主义道路。

上海市静安、青浦、宝山区2015届高三下学期二模历史试卷

静安、青浦、宝山区2015届高三第二学期教学质量检测（二模）历史试题2015.4 注意：1．本检测设试卷和答题纸两部分，所有答题必须写在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律无效。

答题纸与试卷上的试题编号一一对应，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。

2．检测时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

一、选择题（本大题共35小题，第1—30题每小题2分，第31—35题每小题3分，共75分）1．历史文献记载：殷人上下“率肆于酒”。

下列与之可以相互印证的文物是2．在古代世界的众多文明成果中，能够被视为王权象征和灵魂安息之所的建筑是A．长城 B．二里头宫殿C．金字塔 D．帕特农神庙3．《千字文》中“九州禹迹，百郡秦并”的历史现象发生于A．公元前二世纪初B．公元前二世纪晚C．公元前三世纪初D．公元前三世纪晚4．“晋楚更霸，赵魏困横。

假途灭虢，践土会盟。

”直接反映了A．实力竞争 B．社会变革 C．诸侯争霸 D．百家争鸣5．古代某法典规定：当债务人无力偿还债务时，如果债务人的种姓低于债权人，那么债务人只能以人身作为抵押；如果债务人的种姓高于债权人，那么可以暂缓偿还，并且不得用人身作低押。

其目的是A．区别不同的种姓B．维护高等的种姓C．维护债权人利益D．强调法律的权威6．某历史文章中描述“其版图西起不列颠，东至幼发拉底河，南起埃及和撒哈拉沙漠以北，北至莱茵、多瑙河一线，统治的人口可能多达6千万，常备军队不过区区25万人左右。

”文中指的是A．罗马帝国 B．阿拉伯帝国C．东罗马帝国D．奥斯曼帝国7．丝绸之路的重镇敦煌出土了大量文献，其中包含一批唐代长安宫廷写经（抄经）。

右图是敦博第55号《妙法莲华经》卷六卷尾文字，对此解读最正确的是A．写经可作为唐代中外交流的证明B．详细罗列了唐代宫廷抄经的流程C．反映了唐代宫廷热衷佛教的史实D．唐代宫廷抄经有严密的制度保障8．观察左图，其中建立政权时间先后顺序正确的是A．①②③④ B．①④②③C．④①②③ D．④③①②9．中国历史上有众多的制度创新。

2015学年(上)校际合作联考(二)历史试卷

2015学年(上)校际合作联考(二)试卷九年级语文（本试卷共8页,考试时间150分钟，满分120分）注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚。

2.语文试题所有的答案请用黑色碳素笔填写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的答案无效。

3.考生必须按规定的方法和要求答题，不按要求答题所造成的后果由本人自负。

一、积累与运用（含1～7题，共22分）（答案用黑色碳素笔填写在答题卡上）阅读下面语段，完成1—3题。

①生命如一泓．清泉。

②青年时代的我们渴望挣脱一切羁绊．，像江水一样奔流，流向未知的远方，我们拒绝停滞，因为停滞与否，将决定生命之泉拥有活力，我们冲破心灵的堤岸，融入溪流，汇入大江，奔腾入海，也许我们会变得浑浊．，也许会被暗礁撞得遍体鳞伤，但我们将勇往直前，奔腾不息。

③在阳光的照耀下，我们的生命将会进一步升华，我们可以升腾为天上的云，迎着风在天空中自由地飘荡；我们可以化作雨露，给干涸．的土地以绿色的希望；我们可以再次融入溪流，汇入大江，奔腾入海。

哪怕这样的旅程多么地曲折艰险，我们更要实现那壮美的梦想。

④生命如一泓清泉，让我们保持水的活力，水的自由，还有水的生命。

1．请用正楷将第②段中画线的内容工整地书写在“田”字格里。

（2分）2．请给语段中加点的字注上汉语拼音。

（2分）（1）一泓．（）（2）羁绊．（）（3）浑浊．（）（4）干涸．（）3．语段中有两处语病，请找出一处加以修改。

（不抄原句，直接写修改后的句子）（2分）4．下列三组词语中，每一组都有一个错别字，请找出并改正。

（2分）（1）荟萃陶冶金碧辉煌一愁莫展（2）景致喧闹寸积珠累不屑置辩（1）改为（2）改为5.选出下列句中加点的成语使用不恰当的一项。

（）(2分)A.硅谷的创始者之一肖克利与他八个学生意见不和，八位年轻人毅然与这位诺贝尔奖金获得者分．道扬镳．．．，在风险资本的支持下，成立了柴德费尔德公司。

B.南通借助上海世博会平台,大力推广展示各方面成就的举措初获成效,各省市的旅游者纷至沓．．．来．。

上海十三校历史联考

一、选择题〔共60分，每题2分，每题只有一个正确选项。

〕1．中华文明源远流长。

以下能证明中国是世界农业主要起源地之一的最有力证据是〔〕A．距今1万年前后人们已学会栽培谷物B．神农氏教民播种五谷的传说C．新石器时代已形成农耕聚落D．新石器时代的考古发现2．古代两河流域的居民得益于大河流域的水力之便，不仅开展了灌溉农业，还取得了辉煌的文化成就。

以下不属于其成就的是〔〕A．"罗摩衍那" B．"吉尔伽美什"C．"汉谟拉比法典" D．楔形文字3．2021年的智利，在世界各大媒体上曝光的频率格外高，"8．8级特震〞、"成功营救33名矿难矿工〞等使世界对它有了更多的认识。

在历史上，这里曾是美洲印第安古代文明的中心之一。

这一文明被称为〔〕A．玛雅文化B．印加文化C．阿兹特克文化D．阿克姆文化4．公元前后，当罗马由国进入帝国时代之时，中国也出现朝代更替。

当时，重建汉朝，振兴国势的是〔〕A．汉高祖B．汉武帝C．光武帝D．汉献帝5．"十二铜表法"制定之前，罗马贵族喜欢用习惯法裁判，主要是因为习惯法〔〕A．是传统法律，不容更改B．可以保护群众的利益C．可以随意解释，有利于保护贵族特权D．是公平的6．两汉初年，统治者十分重视吸取朝灭亡教训，谨防重蹈覆辙。

其措施不包括〔〕A．实行中央集权体制B．政令宽简疏缓C．分封同姓诸侯王D．尊崇黄老之学7．儒家学说在朝遭到沉重打击，在汉代上升为国家的统治思想。

这种变化同它自身的与时俱进有密切关系。

同先儒学相比，经过董仲舒改造之后的汉代儒学〔〕A．坚决排斥了阴刚五行之说B．从批判时政转变为维护现实统治C．提出了"为政以德〞的观点D．吸收了佛教和道教的思想精华8．从杜甫"蜀相"丞相祠堂何处寻，锦官城外柏森森。

〞的诗句中，我们可以获取的信息是〔〕A．诸亮重视煮盐业B．诸亮开展织锦业C．操实行屯田D．权开展丝麻纺织9．南北朝时期的民族火融合带来社会观念的诸多变化，在社会生活方面的表现是〔〕①胡饼、烧烤等胡食流行②饮茶之风开场盛行③喜吃胡瓜、核桃、甘薯④改变席地而坐的起居方式A．①④B．②④C．①②④D,①③④10．歌德曾评价"古兰经"道：〔它〕是百读不厌的，每读一次，起初总觉得它更新鲜了，不久它就引人入胜，使人惊心动魄，终于使人肃然起敬。

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十三校联考第二次一．选择题（共75分）以下每小题2分，共60分，每题只有一个正确的选项。

1．某地的宗教信仰先后有法老、基督、安拉。

该地区最可能是A．埃及 B．巴勒斯坦 C．阿拉伯半岛 D．古代两河流域2．《全球通史》说’“自由探究的精神，____政体的理论和实践，多种形式的艺术、文学和哲学思想，对个人自由和个人责任心的强调一所有这些构成了希腊留给人类的光辉遗产．”这里的空格处应该是A．寡头 B．君主 C．共和 D。

民主3．下图是北京人学法学院某学生在奇阅某部法典资料时其中的部分目录。

据所学知识可以判断此法典出白A．近代英国 B．近代法国 C．古罗马 D．古巴比伦4．某处村庄，农家必须自带工具、耕畜，每周无偿在地主十地上劳作3--4天，，以此换取自己土地的使用权。

村庄另有许多共同的设施，如马厩、作坊、烤坊、牧场、林地及宗教场所。

这种生活方式最可能出现在A．前3100年的埃及 B．前5世纪的希腊C．11世纪的东汉 D. 11世纪的西欧5．对于诸子百家，《易大传》云：“天下一致而百虑，同归而殊途”，其“一致”、“同归”指的是A．富国强兵 B．修齐治平 C．治国安邦 D．小国寡民6．对右侧知识结构属正确认识的是A．形成了贵族统治阶层内部的森严等级B．形成了从中央到地方的乖赢管理体系．C．郡国并行，造成封国与中央分庭抗礼局面D．通过分割地方权力和削弱相权巩间了统治7．司马迁的《史记》记载了商王的世系，但长期以不能确定该记载是否真实。

19世纪末到20世纪初殷墟甲骨文的发现，证实《史记》的记载基本上是正确的。

这说明A．考古资料比文献材料更真实 B．历史记载不存在纯粹客观性C．历史记载必须经过考古发现证实 D．考古发现是历史研究的重要依据8．自汉至唐，儒学被奉为“周（公）孔之道”，宋代以后儒学多被称作“孔孟之道”，促成这一变化的是A．宗法血缘制度逐渐瓦解 B．印刷术发明传播儒学C．程朱理学成为统治思想 D．陆王心学的日益兴起9．边境军情告急，朝廷内部由顾问参谋草拟好军事作战及后勤调度方案，再有皇帝裁决交各部执行。

以上场景最可能发生于下列哪个朝代A．汉代 B．唐代 C．宋代 D．明代10.与北宋并立的少数比族政权，不包括A．辽 B．金 C．西夏 D，蒙古国11.1535年欧洲某画家写道：“许多已经湮没的事物将要再生．”这里的“事物”指A．骑士精神 B．古典文化 C．白然科学 D．启蒙思想12.明朝中后期，原产于美洲的玉米、甘薯等农作物经由吕宋（今菲律宾）传入中国，出产于美洲的白银也大量流入中国。

为开通美洲到吕宋航路做出贡献的航海家是A．迪亚士 B．达·伽马 C．哥伦布 D．麦哲伦13.1660年代至1760年代，英国东部地区分别在农场的四块十地上种植芜菁、小麦、萝卜、大麦，四年里轮流更换。

下表是对这一时期英国尔部粮食产量的一种估算。

对此图表现象原因分析正确的是A．圈地运动的开展 B．新航路的开辟 C．农业技术的革命D．工业革命的推进14.法国大革命初期一首流行歌谣唱道：“把高个儿截短，把矮个儿拉长……”这种呼声它表达的政治理念是A．平等 B．自由 C．人权 D．民主15.某学者谈到一场革命时说“．…．它的斗争对象不是带有封建性质的绝对王权，而是一个新兴的、已经真有了民主化的取向和发展趋势的资产阶级国家”，这里的“它”是指A．英国“光荣革命” B．法国大革命 C．美国独立战争 D．德意志的统一16.随着第二次工业革命的进行，主要资本主义国家工业生产结构发生的最大变化是A．重工业开始占据主导地位B．轻工业的地位在逐步下降，垄断组织成为主要组织形式C．交通运输业获得巨大发展D．电力工业的发展最为突出17.“代替那存在着阶级和阶级对立资产阶级旧社会的，将是这样一个联合体，在那里，每个人的自由发展是一切人的自由发展的条件．”这一系列主张来自A．《人权宣言》 B．《解放宣言》 C．《共产党宣言》 D．《理想国》18.一位士人同忆：“四月初，逆贼攻陷常州，省城南京中的富户纷纷迁徒，我奉祖母之命，带全家迁避苏州东边的周庄．叔叔因办理团练，不能出城．十三日，我雇了船要回省城，逆贼已经攻陷省城，无法进入，只好带着祖母，就近前往一个有洋枪队保护的城市避难，”此处“逆贼”作乱是指的是A．李自成农民起义 B．太平天国运动 C．义和团运动 D．土地革命19.清末恭亲王说：“中国所当学者，固不止轮船、枪炮，即以轮船枪炮而论，雇买以应其用，计虽便而法终在人……。

一则权宜之计，一则久远之谋，”请问：恭亲王的“权宜之计”及“久远之谋”各指A．前者指轮船、枪炮，厉者指建立造船厂与兵工厂B．前者指典章、规则，后者指建立国会，实施宪政C．前者指国际公法，后指设立总理事务衙门推展外交D．前指练兵、制器，后指设立学校，学习西学20．右侧图案最早应出现]于A．闭关时的广州 B．第二次鸦片战争时期的广州C．开埠时的上海D．小刀会起义华洋杂居后上海21. “一般来说，当帝国的权利来自一个人时，它便软弱；而当它来自千百万人民时则强大……如果学者、商人和老百姓都能关心民族的危机，那么这样的人民将是聪明的，否则就是愚昧的．”这种观点的最早倡导者应该是A．鸦片战争中的新思想的代表 B．辛亥革命时期资产阶级革命派代表C．甲午战争后资产阶级维新派代表 D．新文化运动中激进的知识分子代表22.虽成“空壳”，但仍作为辛亥革命成果象征的是A．中国同盟会 B．南京临时政府C.三民主义中华民国23.晚清《点石斋画报》某文中说：“男女有别，中国为重，而其等级之所判，直将霄壤．泰西各国不然……美妇有名玛丽，现赴某轮船经理一切，而其夫亦在该船为大管，夫妇共事一船，而又女先乎男，《易·系辞上》传曰：‘阴一阳之谓道．’于此事可谓铁板注解．”从中可以看出A．该画报是中国近代第一份中文报刊 B．国人消除了男尊女卑旧观念C．女性优于男子符合中国传统的阴阳之道 D．西方文明冲市了国人传统观念 24. 1918年有人撰文说：“万物并育而不相害，道并行而不相悖，哲学之唯心论与唯物论；文学之崇实论与理想派；经济学之干涉论与放任论并列其中，此大学之所以为大也。

”此人是A．陈独秀 B．蔡元培 C．杜亚泉 D．严复25.有誓词称：“国民痛苦，水深火热；土匪军阀，为虎作伥；帝国主义，以枭以张．本军兴师，救国救民；总理遗命，炳若晨星．”誓词所反映的历史事件是A．武昌起义 B．北伐战争 C．南吕起义 D．卢沟桥抗战26.某课题的中心词是“杜鲁门主义”、“欧洲一体化”、日本崛起”、“中国振兴”、“苏联解体”。

由此推断，该课题的中心内窬最有可能是( )A．从美苏争霸到美国霸主地位的动摇． B．从经济区域集团化到全球经济一体化，C．从两极格局到世界多极化格局的形成D．从两极格局的形成到两极格局的瓦解27. 1997年联合国环境规划总署在日本召开会议，提出“京都议定书”获得各国的响应。

此会议最主要的议题是A．温室气体排放 B．太阳黑子 C．森林砍伐 D．废弃物污染28.“第一是停止批邓，人心大顺；第二是冤案一理，人心大喜；第三是生产狠狠抓，人心乐开花。

”体现此“隆中三策”的会议是A．中共“八大”B．中共十一届三中全会 C．中共“十三大” D．中共“十四大”29.下图是1956--1964年我国工业与农业的发展趋势示意图。

其中国民经济比例失调日益是由于．A．土地改革B．三大改造展开C．“大跃进”运动兴起D．家庭联产承包责任制推行30. 70年代，美国有位总统说：“没有中华人民共和国及其7.5亿人民的参加，是不可能有稳定和持久的和平的。

正因为如此，我在好几个方面采取主动行动，为两国之间的比较正常的关系敞开门户，”这里的行动指A．中关建交 B．支持中国恢复联大席位C．尼克松访华 D．共同参与联合国的建立以下每小题3分，共15分，每一选项的分值可能力0、l、l、3分。

选出最佳一项，多选不得分。

31.北宋的笔记小说中载：“至说三国事，闻刘玄德败，颦蹙，有出涕者；闻曹操败，即喜唱快．”南宋的诗集云：“儿女相携看市优，纵谈楚汉割鸿沟。

山河不暇为渠惜，听到虞姬直是愁．”以上材料说明了A．宋代历史说书受到人们喜爱 B．宋代史学世俗化平民化发展C．宋代士人重视历史史学兴盛 D．宋人对历史不以成败论英雄32．启蒙哲士伏尔泰谈到“谁是最伟大的人”时说：真正伟大的人不是凯撒、亚历山大，这个人必须获得上天赋予的天分，并以此照亮人们的心智．政治和军事家奴役生灵，这个人则以真理的力量引领我们的心；他了解宇宙，而不是摧毁宇宙（注：文中的他指的是牛顿）。

对此段话认识启示最佳的选项是A．伟人才是创造历史根本动因 B．什么是判断伟人的依据标准C．伟人伟在文化先进引领进步 D．科学家胜予政治家与军事家33.下图是1913年共和党、国民党、进步党的党员证，这些图片的价值主要在于共和党-民二年四月国民党-民国二七月进步党一民国二年五月A．证明共和党才是最早的资产阶级政党 B．有助于研究中国政治转型期政治状况C．反映出民国初年政党林立纷争的局面 D．佐证辛亥革命后共和观念普及与扩展34.有史家描述第二次世界人战中各国领袖的性格：丘吉尔“有想象力但不稳定”，罗斯福“天真而喜欢喊口号”，他们并不比“往往情绪失常而暴怒”的希特勒更明智。

对于这种说法，以下理解何者更为适当A．这位史家对历史事实的客观陈述有一定的历史依据B．这个说法只是这位史家的带个人主观性色彩的看法C．可见因当时各国领导人不明智掀起第二次世界人战D．这是史家从特定角度评论历史人物的结果可作参考35.对右侧漫画解渎准确的是A．说明日本已建立法州斯政权B．反映明治维新时期政体建设C．看出日本徒具现代政体之形D．讽刺日本内阁政府没有实权二．非选择题（共75分）36．社会大变革（13分）仲尼既没之后，田氏取齐，六卿分晋，道德大废，上下失序。

至秦孝公，捐礼让而贵战争，弃仁义而用诈谲，苟以取强而已矣，夫篡盗之人，列为侯王；诈谲之国，兴立为强．是以转相仿效，后生师之，遂相吞灭，并大兼小，暴师经岁，流血满野，父子不相亲，兄弟不相安，夫妇离散，莫保其命，泯然道德绝矣，晚世益甚，万乘之国七，千乘之国五，敌侔争权，盖力战国．贪饕无耻，竞进无厌；国异政教，各自制断；上无天子，下无方伯，力功争强，胜者为右；兵革不休，诈伪并起。

——刘向《战国策书录》(1)．阅读材料，概括当时社会转型期的时代特征。

（4分）(2)．作者对当时社会变革持何神态度，为什么？说出你判断的理由依据。

（3分）(3)．你怎么看作者的观点？（6分）37．古代世界大国(12分)(1)．读图判断，公元前后东西方两大帝国分别是？（2分）(2)．两大国各是如何巩固帝国的长治久安的？（6分）(3)．对此你有何认识与启示？（4分）38．中西文化论战(13分)“又《新青年》前几卷原也有几篇倡导一种人生的文章，陈仲甫先生并有其《人生真义》一文；又倡导赛恩斯、德谟克拉西、批评的精神之结果也会要随着引出一种人生，但我对此都不敢无条件赞成，因为那西洋人从来的人生态度到现在已经见出好多弊病，受了严重的批评，而他们还略不知拣择的要原盘拿过来，……其实这两种精神完全是对的；只能为无批评无条件的承认；即我所谓对西方化要“全盘承受”．怎样引进这两种精神实在是当今所急的；否则，我们将永此不配谈人格，我们将永此不配谈学术．，……刘仁航先生等—就以为大家不要争权夺利就平息了纷乱，而从佛教给人一服清凉散，就不复争权夺利，可以太平，这实在是最错误的见解，与事理真相适得其反．我们现在所用的政治制度是采自西洋，而西洋则自其人之向前争求态度而得生产的，但我们大多数国民还依然是数千年来旧态度，对于政治不闻不问，对于个人权利绝不要求，与这种制度根本不适合，，”一粱漱溟（（东西文化及其哲学j》问题（13分）(1)．西洋人从来的人生态度到现在已经见出好多弊病”，有哪些弊病？试举例说明。