新世纪9A U3 L3
中学生百科英语1-U3-L3 - Rice
U3 - Plants: Lesson 3 - RicePeople all over the world eat rice. Millions of people in Asia, Africa, and South America eat it every day of their lives. Some people eat almost nothing but rice.Rice is a kind of grass. There are more than 7,000 kinds of rice. Farmers grow rice in many countries, even in the southern part of the United States and in eastern Australia.No one really knows where rice came from. Some scientists think that it started to grow in two places. They think that one kind of rice grew in southern Asia thousands of years ago. Someone in China wrote about it almost 5,000 years ago. Another kind probably grew in West Africa. Other scientists think that rice came from India, and Indian travelers took it to other parts of the world.There are two main ways to grow rice. Upland rice grows in dry soil. Most rice grows in wet soil. People in many countries do all of the work of growing rice by hand. This is the same way farmers worked hundreds of years ago. In some countries, people now use machines on their rice farms. The farmers all use fertilizer. Some insects are enemies of rice. Farmers poison them.People use every part of the rice plant. They make animal feed and rice oil from it. They also make baskets, brooms, rugs, sandals, and roofs for their houses. They burn dry rice plants in fires for cooking. (241 words)中学生百科英语1-第三单元Plants第1页共1页。
新世纪英语八年级上U1L1词汇
新世纪英语八年级上U1L1词汇1 . 文化2 . 习惯；风俗3 . 交际；交流4 . 与……交往5 . 当地的，本地的6 . 修复；整修……如新7 . 绘画；（一幅）画8 . （中国）国画9 . 与……握手10 . 由于；自从……以来11 . 高兴的；满意的12 . 香肠，腊肠13 . 香肠肉卷14 . 吸引人的；诱人的15 . 室友；住在同室的人16 . 寿司17 . 讲座；讲课18 . 说英语的19 . 必要的；必需的20 . 有礼貌的；有教养的21 . 礼物；赠品22 . 花束23 . 一束……24 . 葡萄酒；酒25 . 丝绸；丝织的26 . 确定的；规定的27 . 收到；接收28 . 忙于做某事29 . 回答；答复30 . 作为……答复；作为……反应新世纪英语八年级上U1L2词汇31 . 对……提出忠告；小费32 . 短途旅游；郊游33 . 去郊游；去远足34 . 道歉35 .粘住；堵塞36 . 卡在……；陷在……37 . 车费；船费38 . 便士39 . 女侍者；女服务员40 . 帐单；票据41 . 服务；服务性事业42 . 费用；收费43 . 服务费44 . 更糟的是45 . 丝毫；根本46 . 期待；盼望47 . 平均；平均的48 . 发票；收据49 . 可怕的；非常50 . 词典；字典51 . 电子词典52 . 录制品；录音带53 . 服务性行业54 . 工资；工钱55 . 加拿大人；加拿大（人）的56 . 厅；沙龙57 . 美发厅58 . 对……感到满意59 . 不高兴的；不满意的60 . 对……感到不满意61 . （行李）搬运工62 . （旅行用）小提箱；衣箱63 . 服务员；侍者64 . 男侍者，男服务员65 . 支票；检查66 . 在饭店吃饭67 . 菜单68 . 第一道菜69 . 汤，羹70 . 洋葱71 . 主菜72 . 牛排73 . 特色菜；特产74 . 甜食；甜点心75 . 矿物的；矿物76 . 矿泉水77 . 雪碧78 . 荷兰（人）的；各自付费79 . 各人付各人的帐80 . 请（客）；医治81 . 如此……以至82 . 感谢的，感激的83 . 对某人表示感激84 . 用……招待某人85 . 请某人点菜86 . 半熟的；稀有的87 . 熟透的；烧得烂的88 . 最少的；最少89 . 至少；起码90 . 豌豆91 . 把……捣成糊状92 . 土豆泥93 . 越来越（多的）94 . 包装；打包95 . 快餐；点心96 . 快餐部；点心店97 . 链条；连锁店98 . 例如；诸如……之类99 . 肯德基炸鸡店100 . 麦当劳快餐店101 . 必胜客比萨饼店102 . 要求；需要103 . 下面；下列104 . 介绍；引言105 . ……的介绍；……入门106 . 完整的；完成107 . 套餐108 . 软饮料，不含酒精的饮料109 . 热狗1 . 共同的；普通的2 . 成语；习语3 . 身体；尸体4 . 部分5 . 人体部位6 . 拇指7 . 注意地；专心地8 . 认真地；严肃地9 . 园艺10 . 与某人看法一致11 . 园艺技能12 . 全神贯注地听，洗耳恭听13 . 指甲；钉子14 . 击中要害；一针见血15 . 一……就……16 . 在……的帮助下；借助于……17 . 表达；陈述18 . 生动地；逼真地19 . 笑话；玩笑20 . 对不起；原谅21 . 独立的；自立的22 . 记住；默记23 . 笨拙的24 . 背诵；朗诵25 . 手势；用手势表示26 . 点头；点头表示27 . 索引；编索引28 . 食指29 . 嘴唇30 . 安静一点31 . 烦恼；故障32 . 圆；环形物33 . 大众化的；流行的34 . 作为；当作35 . 南美洲的；南美洲人36 . 侮辱；辱骂37 . 轻打。
U3l3wonders of the world 111
snake
3
The Lighthouse of Alexandra亚历山大灯塔 ['laithaus]
4
加拿大洛基山脉 Hanging Gardens of Babylon巴比伦空中花园
['hæŋiŋ] ['bæbilən]
5
长江 Koala bear Temple of Artemis阿尔忒弥斯神殿 ['ɑ:timis]
Important and difficult points 1. The sun rose behind me and beyond the rocks. I saw that the ground fell away and down to a river, far below me. 太阳从位于我身后的岩石远处升起。我 看到地面沉降至下面深谷中的一条河里。
Unit 3 Lesson 3 Wonders of the World [‘wʌndə] n.奇迹；奇观
4
1. wonder
▲n.
奇迹 The Great Wall is one of the seven wonders of the new world. 长城是新世界七大奇观之一。
▲ vi. vt.
Writing
Make a table with facts about: the Changjiang River the Great Wall
Say what happened. It was in autumn and we were walking… Say how you felt. It was the most wonderful sight I have ever seen.
频域宽带阵列波束形成技术优化设计
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L1/X7;9M.3/D?9.;D./;.??.7D1.M a9?M3/`M1-89;3=L=1;-9./.@ 27Y1-81S?3/X3S219aL=3/`9K1?2.S S3/`d d5a9?;12.7X9M S1/=.-39/3/D?9.;D./;S8.=1;.??.7=7=-1M=./;-81?1.=9/=a9?1??9?=V Z.=1;9/.&#@121M1/-D?9.;D./;S8.=1;.??.7=7=-1M<3-8.?1X13K1;=3`/.2D./;<3;-89a&>>AJ Y$3-=-L;31;-811a a1X-=9a9K1?2.S@ S3/`d d5S.?.M1-1?==L X8.==L D.??.7=3Y1$d d5S93/-=$9K1?2.S?.-1$D3-<3;-8$./;=.M S23/`?.-19/-81;12.7.X X L?.X7$=3`/.2a3@ ;123-7$./;D1.M S1?a9?M./X1V V581a?1c L1/X7;9M.3/D?9.;D./;.??.7D1.M=7/-81=3=-1X8/929`73=9S-3M3Y1;<8321M11-3/`-81?1@c L3?1M1/-=9a1/`3/11?3/`.S S23X.-39/=V581?1=1.?X8?1=L2-==89<$-8.--81=L D.??.7;9/9-1H X11;$./-1//.121M1/-=$-81d d5S93/-=21==-8./)!"$-819K1?2.S?.-121==-8./!+!&$./;-81D3-<3;-821==-8./!"D3-=$<83X8M11-=-81?1c L3?1M1/-=9a-813/;1@ H1=V0-S?9K3;1=.D.=3=./;?1a1?1/X1a9?-819K1?2.S S3/`d d5.S S23X.-39/3/S?.X-3X.21/`3/11?3/`$./;?1;L X1=-81X9M S21H3-79a3-= 1/`3/11?3/`3M S21M1/-.-39/VD)8A$*:-!M3X?9<.K1-1X8/929`7%9K1?2.S S3/`d d5%<3;1D./;D1.M a9?M3/`%=3`/.2=7/-81=3=%X9M S1/=.-39/9a-3M1;12.7%;3=@S1?=39/S81/9M1/9/E"引言随着现代通信技术的发展与通信需求的提高$窄带相控阵系统已经不能满足信息的传输速率(精度(可靠性(距离等要求$宽带相控阵系统在更多的领域中也有了实际的应用需求#目前所需要的宽带相控阵是一种收发信息$带宽达4J Y$由几千甚至上万的天线单元组成$并且天线的扫描角不小于)>m的复杂天线阵列#如果直接将窄带波束合成的方法应用到宽带相控阵系统中$会对合成波束的性能产生巨大影响$甚至可能会直接影响系统的成败$因此需要研究适用于宽带相控阵的信号接收方法#如何对宽带阵列实现性能更优的波束形成$具有重要的研究意义)!"*#针对如何在宽带相控阵系统中实现波束形成问题$各国的专家学者提出了多种方法#目前主流的方法有两大类!频域方法和时域方法)N#*#在时域方面是以真时延为基础$有延迟线))*(光延迟网络)&**和分数延时滤波器三种主流方法$分数延时滤波器实现方法主要有窗函数法)'*(拉格朗日插值法)$!>*(J1/@/3-1插值法)!!!"*和d.??9<结构)!N!#*与泰勒结构)!)*的可变分数延时滤波器等#在频域方面首先是将宽带信号划分为多个窄带信号$之后对每个窄带信号分别进行延时补偿$最终再将处理后的窄带信号合成为宽带信号#在进行子带划分的时候主要有两种方法$一种是采用子带分析滤波器)!&*$另一种是采用傅里叶变换对宽带信号进行划分)!*">*#因为滤波器的方法对滤波器的性能要求较高且实现起来比较复杂$所以现在多采用快速傅里叶变换&d d5$a.=-a9L?31?-?./=a9?M'的方法将宽带信号划分为多个窄带信号#之后对窄带信号进行处理后再合成宽带信号(形成波束#"投稿网址 <<<V W=W X27E Y V X9M""计算机测量与控制"第N "卷"*&""在理论上这两大类方法均可以解决宽带波束形成的延时补偿问题#其中频域方法对系统前端的要求更低$更适用于工程实现#但因为现在的宽带相控阵规模大$所以对资源的利用与算法的复杂度提出了更高的要求$直接应用现有的方法在宽带相控阵系统中并不适用$需要进一步的研究对频域宽带阵列波束形成器进行优化$得出更适用于工程的参数优化设计是十分有必要的#本文在对宽带相控阵系统中的关键问题进行分析后$对基于交叠d d 5的频域方法进行了优化设计$分析了子阵规模(d d 5点数(交叠率(位宽等参数对波束形成性能的影响$提高了时域信号的保真度和宽带波束合成的性能$为实际工程中交叠d d 5参数的选取提供了依据#F "宽带阵列中的关键问题传统的相控阵系统是一个窄带系统$阵列规模较小$传输信号的带宽窄&仅有几十AJ Y'且阵列的扫描角较小&一般不超过)>m'#为了分析的简洁性$以均匀线阵为例#数字相控阵波束形成如图!所示$设阵元数量为2$阵元间的间距为P $以线阵最左侧的天线阵元为参考阵元$远场信号的入射方向与线阵法线的夹角为%#图!"传统数字波束成形原理框图因为各个阵元天线之间的位置不同$所以接收到信号的时间也就存在误差$第'个阵元天线接收到信号的时间与第一个天线阵元接收到信号的时间之间的时间差为!&'#&'%!'P =3/%:$'#!$"02&!'""在进行窄带系统数字波束形成时$信号可以简化为一个单频信号$因此可通过移相的方式代替补齐阵元时间差$则在期望方向上的合成信号为!L &@'#'2'#!6'.')$'#!$"$0$2&"'6'#$"'B &$'#!$"$0$2&N'""其中!.')为每个阵元接收到的信号$6'为每个阵元的权值#假设每个天线阵元的方向图是全方向性的$在天线波束的扫描范围内$可以忽略单个阵元天线方向图的影响#%A 为天线波束最大指向$也是信号的期望方向和移相器设计的参考方向#天线阵列中相邻天线单元之间相位差()/为!()/#" !P=3/%&#'""这个相位差可以由移相器来补偿$当信号方向为%A 时$移相器提供的第2个单元与参考单元之间的相位差)A 为!)A #&2%!'()A #" !&2%!'P =3/%A &)'""令&2%!'P #8$则8表示天线线阵两端两个单元之间的间距$即线阵孔径#均匀线阵的方向图函数Q &%'则可以表示为!Q &%'#'2%!'#>('$+" +!&'%!'P &=3/%%=3/%'$'#!$"$0$2&&'""信号频率由B 变为B &(B 后$对位于%A 方向目标$则其回波信号在第2个单元与参考单元之间产生的真实相位差将变为!)*/#" :&B &(B '8=3/%A #)>&()/&*'""其中!)>是频率没有改变的原始相位差$()/是因为频率改变引起的相位差的变化值$在传统相控阵系统中()/可以忽略#宽带相控阵系统是一个有几十上千阵元组成的大规模系统$并且传输信号高达几百上千AJ Y $同时扫描角一般不小于)>m#在宽带相控阵系统中$由于天线的阵列规模加大(信号的带宽加宽和扫描角度变大$导致()/不可以忽略#因为每个移相器提供的相移值)A 不能随着频率的改变而改变$所以为了使移相器提供的相位差与真实的相位差相等$波束指向由%A 偏转一个角度$变为%*A #%A %(%B 之后$)A 才能与)/相等#" B8=3/%A #" :&B &(B '8=3/%*A&''""最终可以得到!%*A #.?X =3/&B B &(B;=3/%A '&$'(%B #.?X =3/&B B &(B;=3/%A '%%A &!>'""公式&!>'计算出了信号频率由B 变为B &(B 后所引起的天线波束指向的偏移(%B $解释了天线波束指向随信号频率的改变而在空间摆动的原因#这种波束指向的摆动就是相控阵天线波束在空间的色散现象$也可以称为.孔径效应/)"!*#同时在波束合成时$经过理论计算可知$当阵元间距为!"时$可以通过公式&!!'计算出波束宽度的大小#当阵列规模加大时$波束宽度减小#当波束指向发生偏移时$就造成了合成波束发生弥散(有效分辨率降低(期望方向的合成增益减小#(%2!X 9=%A;!>"2&!!'"投稿网址 <<<V W =W X 27E Y V X 9M第!期马越洋$等!频域宽带阵列波束形成技术优化设计"**""""基于以上的问题$目前在宽带相控阵系统中通常使用更加精细的延时方法代替移相器#但由于硬件的限制$大规模的天线阵元使用更加精准的延时补偿方法在制造成本上和系统实现上存在一定的难度$因此可以采用子阵划分的方式来降低阵列天线的制造成本#如图"所示$将2个阵元划分为2!个子阵$每个子阵内有2"个天线阵元#在子阵内采用模拟域的方法$每个天线阵元后加移相器进行相位补偿%对子阵合成的信号进行下变频和采样后$在各个子阵之间采用数字域的方法$对每个子阵加延时器进行更加精准的延时补偿#图""宽带相控阵系统波束形成流程那么$如何在子阵划分的基础上进行合理的延时补偿$成为了宽带相控阵波束形成需要解决的关键问题#!"基于交叠M M 1的波束形成方法在宽带相控阵系统中使用频域的方法进行时间延迟补偿$可以在子阵划分的基础上采用d d 5方法进行波束形成#对信号进行d d 5的分段处理$这个过程相当于在频域加上一个矩形窗滤波$相当于原信号进行了带通滤波#频域上加窗表现为在时域上做卷积运算$由于滤波器建立时间的原因$时域信号中的点出现误差$这使得在0d d 5之后获得的该波束输出时间序列与理想输出间存在误差#这就造成了分段进行d d 5波束形成器之间输出的时间信号在各段之间出现不连续现象$这就是分段d d 5波束形成器的缺点之一)""*#这个缺点可以用交叠d d 5的方法进行改进$也就是在对时间信号进行分段处理时$存在一部分的重叠#交叠d d 5只取每段的输出数据仅取中间误差较小的部分$对前后段误差较大的部分不进行处理$克服了滤波器建立时间带来的影响$因此可以减轻分段信号衔接处的信号时域波形失真带来的影响#在子阵内天线接收的信号使用移相器进行相位补偿$合成信号之后$再将各个子阵输出的信号分成多个时间段$进行交叠处理#用交叠d d 5的方法对时域信号进行处理$实现流程如图N 所示$实验原理如下!图N "d d 5处理流程图首先将各个子阵接收的信号采样得到数据分别进行分段$共分为1段$每一段的段长度为8$这里采用的交叠率为E $也就是在每次进行处理的时域数据都包含前一段数据的E #在最后一段时域数据中$如果信号的点数小于d d 5的点数$则用>将信号补足到8点#接着对于每一段划分后的时域信号$对各阵元数据分别进行8点d d 5变换$如公式&!"'所示$得到频域窄带数据4#4I '&R '#Q Q 0&.I''R #>$!$"$0$8%!%'#!$"$0$2!&!"'""其中!角标I 代表第I 段的信号$角标'代表第'个子阵接收到的数据#做8点d d 5也就是将采样频率范围内的信号划分为了8个子带信号#第R 个子带信号对应的中心频率B R 为!B R #B RR +8R #>$!$"$0$8+"%!B R &R %8'+8R #8+"$8+"&!$0$8%-!&!N '""然后提取出各子阵各窄带数据矩阵$由于工作频带一般是有限的$有用信号仅占所有子带信号中的部分$所以我们进行处理的时候只需提取出位于工作频带内的窄带数据$其余不涉及的子带信号置零即可#对每个子带信号使用对应的移相器进行时移$移相器对应的表达式为!"投稿网址 <<<V W =W X 27E Y V X 9M""计算机测量与控制"第N "卷"*'""6I '&R '#$+"'B &'%!'P =3/%+:R #>$!$"$0$8%!%'#!$"$0$2!&!#'""其中!'为第'个子阵$I 为第I 段数据$R 为第R 个子带$%为信号的期望方向#之后对各窄带数据进行加权求和$得到各子带波束数据#S I '&R '#4I '&R '6I '&R 'R #>$!$"$0$8%!%'#!$"$0$2!&!)'""对各自带波束输出进行0d d 5变换得到宽带信号的时域输出序列#L I '&R '#T Q Q 0&S I ''R #>$!$"$0$8%!%'#!$"$0$2!&!&'""最后将若干段的时域输出信号重构成波束输出最终的时域信号#使用交叠的方法仅仅可以改善截断效应带来的误差问题$但是因为交叠d d 5方法的本质仍然是将划分出的子带信号当作一个单频信号进行相位补偿来达到延时的效果$所以这种方法仍有一定的局限性$存在一定的误差#延时误差可以通过下式计算!(&'#)" B *R %&'#&B RB *R%!'&''#!$"$0$2!&!*'""可以得知当设计移相器参考的频率与信号实际频率相差越大$时延补偿的误差越大#所以子带信号的带宽越窄$每个子带的时延的误差也就越小$合成信号的保真度也就越高$合成波束方向图也就更加接近理论值#同时也可以推测出在频率最低的子带中$延时误差最大#""参数优化设计因为基于交叠d d 5的宽带波束形成的方法存在的局限性$所以子阵规模(交叠率(采样率(d d 5点数(位宽等参数的影响选取对时延性能(时域输出波形的保真度以及波束合成的性能都会产生影响$以下就对各个参数进行选取及分析$对此方法进行优化#应用中要求合成损失在>O );Z 以内$波束指向的偏移不超过>O !m $最终合成信号的归一化误差小于>O !$延时补偿的相对误差不超过>O !倍符号速率的!>U #为了分析的简洁性和代表性$研究时采用的仿真模型是的均匀线阵$其中阵元间距P e")M M $阵元的个数为2#为了实现的简便性$子阵划分采用均匀划分#接收信号的频率范围为))O #4J Y $&4J Y *$采样率为"O #4J Y $对信号进行下变频等处理之后$最后进行延时的信号频率范围为)>$&>>AJ Y *#仿真采用线性调频信号!.&@'#E $:@&&@'$" &B &9@+"'E $:@&&@'#!@1&>@$-&$9#A +&&!''""其中!B >为初始载频$&为脉冲宽度$9为线性调频信号的调频斜率$A 为信号带宽#在此模型上研究了子阵规模(d d 5点数(交叠率(位宽和采样率等几个参数的选取#"G F "子阵规模以来波方向相对于阵面法线方向&>m 为例进行分析$采用以宽带信号的中心频率)O *4J Y 进行设计的移相器进行相位补偿#若合成增益损失不超过>O );Z $接收信号的带宽为&>>AJ Y$则根据计算公式$可以计算出理论的天线口径!(B 1!&;:8=3/%&!$'81!&;:(B=3/%&">'""其中!(B 为接收信号频率变化范围与设计移相器时使用的频率之间的误差$也就是N >>AJ Y $:表示光速$%为波束偏离天线阵列法向方向的最大角度$8表示天线口径#若最大角度%不超过&>m $则可以计算出天线口径8应该小于>O "''M $因为阵元天线的间距为>O >")M $所以可以计算出$子阵内的阵元数量不超过$#图#表示了子阵内采用移相器进行延时补偿时$接收信号频率范围内合成增益的变化情况#通过改变仿真的子阵内天线阵元的数量$可以得到子阵内的阵元数量与合成增益变化之间的关系如表!所示$可以看到随着阵元个数的增多$在中心频点i N >>AJ Y 增益损失的增大$在阵元个数为'时$增益损失为>O #N 个;Z $和理论的分析值一致$且可以满足>O );Z 以内的增益损失要求$所以在划分子阵的时候$可以采用子阵内的阵元个数为'个这种方案#图#"来波方向为&>m时接收信号频率范围内合成增益变化表!"线阵规模与线阵增益之间的关系&中心频点)O *4J Y (i N >>AJ Y 带宽(扫描角&>m (按中心频点移相'阵元数量+个中心频点i N >>AJ Y 增益损失+;Z#>V !>&>V "#'>V #N !>>V &*!">V $'"投稿网址 <<<V W =W X 27E Y V X 9M第!期马越洋$等!频域宽带阵列波束形成技术优化设计"*$"""G !"M M 1点数N O "O !"延时效果假设d d 5点数8e)!"$将信号延时>O !倍的符号速率$因为采样率选择的是"O #4J Y $可以得出延时>O !倍符号速率需要延时>O #倍采样间隔$延时效果如图)所示$虚线表示延时前的信号$实现表示延时后的信号#从图中结果可以看出$信号经过交叠d d 5的方法延时之后$信号从第!##O "个采样间隔延时到了!##O &"&个采样间隔$与设置的>O #倍的采样间隔存在一定的误差$相对误差达到了&U $可以满足需求#d d 5点数与延时精度之间的变化关系如表"所示$可以看到随着d d 5点数的增加$延时的精度越来越高$延时后的误差变小$相对误差减小#当d d 5点数大于等于)!"时$相对误差小于!>U $可以达到工程中的延时要求#图)"延时>O !倍的符号速率的结果相对误差计算公式!相对误差e设置延时差\实际延时差设置延时差+!>>U 表""d d 5点数与延时误差的关系d d 5点数+个实际延时+符号速率相对误差!&>V "'!V 'N ">V !$>V $&#>V !)>V )!"'>V !">V "")&>V !!>V !)!">V !>&>V >&!>"#>V !>N>V >NN O "O ""时域信号保真度当阵元数为&#$d d 5的点数8e N "时$阵列合成信号波形图与原始信号的波形图以及两者归一化之后的误差如图&所示$归一化误差最大可以达到>O &N $远不能达到实际工程的指标要求#改变d d 5的点数$d d 5点数与归一化误差的关系如表N 所示#图&"d d 5点数对时域合成信号影响图表N "d d 5点数与信号归一化误差的关系d d 5点数+个最大归一化误差!&!V ">N ">V &N &#>V "*!"'>V !N ")&>V >*)!">V >N !>"#>V >"可以得出$当d d 5点数增大时$归一化误差的最大值减小$在8e ")&时$归一化误差小于>O !$基本可以满足时域信号的保真度的要求#N O "O N "合成波束方向图合成波束指向如图*&.'&D '所示$图中纵轴表示阵列的增益$横轴表示来波方向$.\\/线代表信号频率为)#>>A J Y 时的波束方向图$实线代表信号频率为)*>>A J Y时的波束方向图$.\/线表示信号频率为&>>>AJ Y 时的波束方向图#在这三个频率形成的波束指向均为&>m $仿真得到的波束宽度为N O "'m 左右$与理论值存在一定的误差#其中图'中表示的是当信号的频率变化时$期望方向的阵列增益的变化$可以看出当信号的频率在通带范围内变化时$仿真阵列的增益为N )O &';Z 与理论计算的增益值误差在>O ##;Z #改变d d 5的点数$d d 5点数与方向图的各个参数的关系如表#所示#随着d d 5点数的增加$合成增益(波束指向和波束宽度与理论值之间的误差逐渐减小$在点数到")&时$误差达到了实际工程应用的需要$所以按照此标准d d 5点数应不小于")&#综合以上几个方面的考虑$可以得出当d d 5的点数达到)!"时$就可以满足指标的要求#"投稿网址 <<<V W =W X 27E Y V X 9M""计算机测量与控制"第N "卷"'>""图*"波束方向图图'"期望方向增益变化图表#"d d 5点数与方向图各个参数的关系d d 5点数+个合成增益+;Z 波束指向+度波束宽度+度!&N #V N !&!V N >N V N $N "N )V &'&>V &!N V "'&#N &V >!&>V N !N V "N !"'N &V >$&>V !&N V ">")&N &V !!&>V >'N V !$)!"N &V !"&>V >N N V !$!>"#N &V !"&>V >"N V !$"G ""交叠率假设d d 5点数8e ")&$改变信号的重叠率$可以得到重叠率与各个指标之间的关系$如表)所示#可以看到$当交叠率很小的时候$最大归一化误差较大$随着交叠率增大$误差减小$当交叠率达到!+'时$误差稳定在>O >*$所以在工程实现中$可以将交叠d d 5的交叠率设定为!+'#表)"重叠率与最大归一化误差之间的关系&d d 5点数8e ")&'交叠率最大归一化误差!+">V >*N +'>V >*!+#>V >*!+'>V >*!+!&>V N N !+N ">V $>假设d d 5点数8e )!"$改变信号的重叠率$可以得到重叠率与各个指标之间的关系$如表&所示#可以看到$当交叠率很小的时候$最大归一化误差较大$随着交叠率增大$误差减小$当交叠率达到!+!&时$误差稳定在>O >N $所以在工程实现中$可以将交叠d d 5的交叠率设定为!+!&#表&"重叠率与最大归一化误差之间的关系&d d 5点数8e )!"'交叠率最大归一化误差!+">V >N N+'>V >N !+#>V >N !+'>V >N !+!&>V >N !+N ">V $>"G H "位宽假设d d 5点数8e )!"$改变每个子带使用的移相器的位宽$假设权值信息为I D 3-有符号数$处理时将信息源按比例放大"I %"倍$然后进行取整运算#这里放大"I %"倍是由于d 64R 中I 位有符号数的表示范围为%&"I %!%!'*&"I %!%!'$因为原始信号的范围为&\!$!'$当信号为\!时$d 64R 则将信号判定为>$会造成计算的错误$所以在处理时将数据进行"I %"倍扩大#此时设置延时>O !倍的符号速率$权值的位宽与延时精度之间的关系如表*所示$可以看出当位宽为'D 3-时$延时的误差与设置误差之间的误差较大$当位宽达到!"D 3-时$相对误差稳定在小于!>U $可以达到实际应用中的指标要求$所以位宽应该至少采用!"D 3-#"G P "采样速率处理的信号带宽为&>>AJ Y $d d 5的点数U e )!"$将信号延时>O !倍的符号速率$此时改变采样速率$可以得到"投稿网址 <<<V W =W X 27E Y V X 9M第!期马越洋$等!频域宽带阵列波束形成技术优化设计"'!""表*"位宽与延时精度之间的关系位宽+D3-实际延时+符号速率相对误差'>V!N'>V N'!>>V!!!>V!!!">V!>$>V>$!#>V!>*>V>*!&>V!>&>V>&采样速率与延时精度之间的关系$如表'所示#可以看到当采样率满足采样定理或者是带通采样定理的时候$采样速率增大并没有影响交叠d d5的延时效果$延时相对误差均小于!>U$所以可以实际根据需求选择采样速率#表'"采样速率与延时精度之间的关系采样率+4J Y实际延时+符号速率相对误差!V#>V!>#>V>#!V&>V!>&>V>&!V'>V!>)>V>)">V!>)>V>)"V">V!>*>V>*"V#>V!>&>V>&H"结束语为了提高宽带相控阵系统的波束合成性能$使频域宽带波束合成应用在更多的领域$本文经过多次仿真分析$确定了交叠d d5参数对延时精度(信号保真度和波束性能的影响$其中采样率和交叠率对波束合成性能的影响不大$在实际应用之中子阵规模(d d5点数以及位宽的选取需要更加仔细地分析及验证#经本文研究子阵规模不超过$个天线阵元时合成损失在>O);Z以内%d d5点数不小于)!"(交叠率不小于!+!&(位宽不小于采用!"D3-时可以达到合成损失在>O!;Z以内$波束指向的偏移不超过>O!m(最终合成信号的归一化误差小于>O!(延时补偿的相对误差不超过>O!倍符号速率的!>U的要求$最终实现了频域宽带阵列波束合成技术的优化$为交叠d d5方法应用在实际工程中提供了依据与参考#但本文还未真正地将频域宽带阵列波束形成器实现$仅仅是进行了仿真分析$在实际应用的时候还应考虑量化等问题#同时针对宽带波束合成中的时延补偿方面$仍有很多值得讨论的问题$比如子阵间的时间延时由于受到信道等因素的影响$实际的延时值与理论计算值存在一定的误差$因此如何对时间延迟进行精准的估计也是值得研究的#参考文献)!*卫"健$束咸荣$李建新V宽带相控阵天线波束指向频响分析和实时延迟器应用)]*V微波学报$">>&&!'!"N"&V )"*郭德强V宽带相控阵雷达子阵数字调制技术实现及信号处理技术研究)[*V北京!北京理工大学$">!'V )N*李"同V宽带共形阵列数字波束形成技术研究)[*V北京!中国电子科技集团公司电子科学研究院$">""V)#*杜仲林V超宽带阵列波束形成新方法研究)[*V南京!南京大学$">!&V))*陈"泳$张玉华$肖"达$等V宽带相控阵雷达的延时实现方法)]*V现代雷达$">">$#"&)'!*>*)V)&*高瑜翔V光控相控阵列系统及其关键技术研究)[*V电子科技大学$">>&V)**严济鸿V宽带相控阵雷达波束控制技术研究)[*V成都!电子科技大学$">!!V)'*胡永君$陈文俊V基于分数时延滤波器的宽带数字信号时延的实现)]*V雷达与对抗$">!>$N>&"'!N*#>V)$*郑东卫$白亚莉V分数延时滤波器在宽带阵列雷达中应用)]*V火控雷达技术$">""$)!&N'!*$'N 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小学英语人教新起点六年级上册Unit3AnimalWorld六上U3L3教案
人教版新起点英语六年级上册Unit3 Animal World都江堰市北街小学樊菊学情分析：六年级的学生已经接触了五年英语，有一定的英语基础。
儿童的特性使得他们活泼好动，对新事物有着强烈的好奇心，探索知识的欲望很强烈，并且有着很强的表现欲。
但六年级的学生对英语学习兴趣整体有所下降，两极分化比较严重。
本单元单元主题Animal World是学生比较喜欢也乐于谈论的一个话题。
通过前五年所学习的Animal的话题，大多数学生已能针对动物从appearance，food，living place等方面展开介绍。
所以在本单元的教学中以学生的发展为宗旨，因材施教，分层教学，始终把激发学生的学习兴趣放在首位，引导学生端正学习态度，掌握良好的学习方法，培养学生良好的学习习惯。
教材分析：本单元主题为Animal World，主要包含了语音，词汇，功能句和语篇等学习内容。
其中语音部分为明暗线相结合，在第一至三课中采取整体学习的方法，让学生在自然真实的语境中习得语音。
第一课时为词汇教学，本单元重点教学五个动物种类单词及新的三个动物名词汇，并通过旧知“What animals do you like?”进行巩固操练并复习对动物进行简单的描述。
第二课时为功能句“What kind of animals are...?”及其答句“They are...”教学。
通过对话谈论喜爱动物，并就动物appearance,living place,food,activities等进行描述。
第三课时为语篇阅读教学，巧妙结合单元话题，对单元话题进行综合运用，循序渐进的发展学生的阅读能力（第三课时阅读教学为高段教学中的教学重点）。
单元学习目标语言技能目标第一层次：1.能够听懂会说reptile，bird，fish，mammal，insect，penguin，shark，whale，kind等单词，尝试借助拼读规律和其他词汇学习策略记忆单词，并能根据语境选择恰当的词或短语来填空。
2024新仁爱版七年级英语U3L3 教案
Unit 3 Our Colorful School Life
Lesson 3 Thinking Skills and Reading Strategies
I. Material analysis
Thinking Skills内容解读：本部分的思维技能内容为借助图表提取主旨大意和关键细节。
学生通过对图片、阅读文本和思维导图的学习，理解如何运用住址细节图表梳理文本的主旨大意和关细节信息；然后尝试在阅读新的文本时使用主旨细节图表归纳主旨大意和细节信息；最后学生根据所给单词提示，完成有关自己学校设施与环境的思维导图，并结合绘制的住址细节图表向同伴进行介绍，将思维技能应用到具体实践中。
本部分共3个活动。
Reading Strategies内容解读：本部分阅读策略的内容是学习快速浏览文本、获取所需信息，即扫读，共三个活动。
首先通过阅读问题，浏览英语俱乐部海报，定位并提取所需答案，再运用扫读策略，从海报中获取其它问题的答案，最后运用扫读策略，阅读文本和图片，获取答案，回答问题。
II. Teaching aims
1. 利用“略读”这一阅读策略，获取所需要的信息;
2. 借助主旨细节图表，从介绍学校设施的文本中提取主旨大义和细节信息；
3. 绘制所要谈论的学校设施的主旨细节图表，逻辑清晰地介绍学校的设施；
4. 主动观察、熟悉校园环境，积极参与校园活动。
III.Teaching procedures
IV. Blackboard design。
无线路由器CPU闪存内存芯片列表
TR-966D
RealtekRTL8305SC
TR-965DA
EN29LV160AB闪存2MB
S29AL908D70TE102不明芯片
TL-R480T
TL-R4000
TL-R480T÷
TL-R488T
TL-R4000+
TL-SG3109
TL-SG3216
TL-SG3224
TL-SG3248
TL-SL3428
TL-SL3452
TL-SG2109WEB
IntelFWIXP420BB(CPU)+MarVell88E6063(Switch)
Marvell88E6092(MAC)+88E1111(PHY)+88E6218(CPU)
Marvell88E6092(MAC)+88E1111(PHY)+88E6218(CPU)
Marvell88E6182+88E6092(MAC)+88E1111(PHY)+88E6218(CPU)
Marvell88E6182+88E6092(MAC)+88E1111(PHY)+88E6218(CPU)
品牌规格
cpu
主频
闪存/内存
无线芯片
参考价
迅捷FVVR300T+
AtherosAR9132
400MHZ
4/32
Atheros
AR9103
90
水星MWR300T+
（旧款长方形的）
AtherosAR9132
400MHZ
4/32Vl版新款可能有缩水
Atheros
AR9103
90
新世纪八上四个单元词汇
新世纪英语八年级上U1L1词汇U1L11.电子器件；电子的2.输入；键入3.进行文字处理4.控制5.应当；应该6.熟悉7.有能力的8.能；会（做）9.优势10.劣势11.允许；准许12.阻止某人做某事13.帮助某人做某事14.发明（n）(v); 发明家（n）15.与---连接在一起16.使能够17.订购；命令18.what can you do with/ on---?19.what’s the use of--?e sth to do sthe sth for doing sth22.send sb sth= send sth to sb23.listen to music24.first; second; third; fourth; fifth; ninth;twelfth; twentieth; thirtieth; fortieth;fiftieth; sixtieth; seventieth; eightieth;ninetieth25.among / betweenlions of/ hundreds of/ thousands of27.if 条件句模式28.need 的用法29.在因特网上30.play chess/ play the piano31.what a lot of fun the Internet broughtus!32.enable sb (not) to do sth33.keep in touch with sb34.be different from/ difference35.quick/ quickly36.besides=in addition=what’s more/beside= next to=near37.buy sb sth= buy sth for sb38.all kinds of books39.book sth for sb/ book sth for +数字40.in brief41.make sth +adj(make our lives moreconvenient and interesting)/ make sbdo sth42.make/let/help/have sb do sth43.convenient/ convenience44.interesting/ interestedU1L21.使整洁；整洁的2.整理；收拾3.准备prepare (v) ; preparation (n)4.为---做准备5.危险的（adj）;危险（n）6.铺床7.动手术8.不定代词（12）9.乐意地10.效率高的（adj）efficient; 效率（n）efficiency; efficiently (adv)11.工业的12.医学的（adj）; 药（n）13.练习做某事14.practice/finish/keep doing sth15.could you---?/May i--?/ would youlike---?/ Shall we---?(希望得到肯定回答)16.what’s the difference between A andB?17.help sb do sth = help sb with sth18.would like to to sth= want to do sth19.what else/ something elsee(v); useful(adj)21.difficult(adj); difficulty(n)22.always; usually; often; sometimes;seldom; never(how often)23.have sth to do24.keep sb/sth+ adj25.not only A but also B/ neither A nor B/either A or B/ There be+就近原则26.both A and B/ all of / both of + 复数27.neither of/ either of/ none of+三单28.as a result29.enough time; old enough30.too—to= not enough to = so ---that31.no ---any longer32.boring/ bored33.scientist/ science34.different types of35.each other = one another36.some ---some ---others/ some---others---still others37.look after= take care of38.be afraid ofU1L31.clean(v)(adj) cleaner(n)2. a piece of cake=easy3.the same as4.the same---as = as---as5.turn on/ turn off/ turn up / turn down6.way of life7.by hand/car8.certain(adj) certainly(adv)9.move into10.just/ already/ recently/never/ever/yet(现在完成时标志)11.visit sth(what); visit sb (who); a visit tosw; visitor参观者12.inch(es)13.made in China14.an ordinary TV15.finally(adv)=at last= in the end; final(adj)16.it’s for doing sth17.what’s the button for?18.far/much/still/ a little+比较级19.far—farther—farthest20.much+不可many+可复much/many—more---most21.still/just+ a few/ a little 表肯定22. a few +可复 a little +不可23.感叹句24.发出邀请；接受邀请；谢绝邀请25.great(adj) ; greatly(adv)26.relieve ---from27.give sb some time to do sth28.before/after/when 时间状语从句模式29.spend/cost/pay/take（主语；语法搭配；时间金钱）ed to do sth = often did31.however=but32.with the help of33.at the same time34.start / stop doing sth35.stop to do sth/ stop doing sth36.forget to do sth / forget doing sth37.made our lives both easier and moreenjoyable新世纪英语八年级上U2L1词汇1.文化2.习惯；风俗3.交际；交流4.交往5.当地的，本地的6.有礼貌的；有教养的7.绘画；（一幅）画8.（中国）国画9.与……握手10.由于；自从……以来11.当地的12.可爱的13.高兴的；满意的14.pleased(adj); pleasure(n);pleasant(adj)15.室友；住在同室的人16.讲座；讲课17.说英语的18.必要的；必需的(adj) need（v）19.葡萄酒；酒20.收到；接收21.忙于做某事22.回答；答复23.作为……答复；作为……反应24.on one’s study trip25.Monday; T uesday; Wednesday;Thursday; Friday; Saturday; Sundaymunicate with sb27.It’s great to see you again.= nice to seeyou again. 28.sitting room29.here’s a present for you.30. a traditional Chinese painting31.by oneself= without other people=alone32.would you like something to drink?33.since+原因状语从句34.an American teacher35.teacher(n); teach(v); teaches(三单)36.It’s necessary for sb to do sth.37.It’s kind of sb to do sth38.It’s a good time for sb to do sth39.western culture40.in the west41.polite(adj); politely(adv)42.arrive in /at= get to= reach43.arriving too early is---44.be busy with sth= be busy doing sth45.host/ hostess新世纪英语八年级上U2L2词汇1.eat out2.go Dutch3.treat4.be thankful to sb5.wait(v); waiter(n); waitress6.take sb’s order7.speciality8.so---that9.service(n); serve(v); server(n)10.tip—tipping11.surely12.hardly; never; no; little; few13.noisy(adj); noise(n)14.be true for15.such as16.have been in; have gone to ; havebeen to17.return= go back18.invite(v); invitation(n); invite sb todo sth19. a few minutes later20.few+可复；little+不可21.May I take your order?22.How would you like your--?23.Let’s go Dutch, shall we?24.It’s my treat.25.discuss(es)(v); discussion(n)26.more and more+多音节原级/名词27.on weekdays; at weekends28.take sth to sw29. a lot of = lots of=many/ much30.choose(v); choice(n)31.an a; e ; I ; o ; h; f; l; m; n; o; s ;r;32. a university; an hour; a uniform;33.be fond of= like34.everywhere= here and there新世纪英语八年级上U3L1词汇mon=usual=ordinary2.attentive(adj); attentively（adv）3.as soon as (主将从现；主过从过)4.mean(v); meaning(n)5.listen(v); listening(n)6.vivid(adj); vividly(adv)7.ring—rang—rung8.recite by heart9.care(v); careful(adj); careless(adj);carefully(adv)10.loud(adj); loudly(adv)11.as a result; as a student12.south(n); southern(adj)13.Y ou’ve got a sweet tooth.14.I see eye to eye with you.15.He’s got a green thumb.16.He’s all ears.17.Y ou’ve just hit the nail on the head.18.become; turn; seem; grow+adj（半个系动词）19.on one hand, ---on the other hand20.France—French;Australia—Australian;Canada—Canadian;Germany—German—Germans新世纪英语八年级上U3L2词汇1.展览会2.财宝；财富3.书法；书写4.成功而风靡一时的事物或人物5.朝代；王朝6.贵重的；无价的7.向公众开放8.as well; also; too又；还9.直到10.入口处11.直到12.全球的；全世界的13.19世纪中叶14.交换；兑换15.经济16.in order to= so as to= so that为了……17.pride(n); proud(adj); be proud of骄傲；自豪18.展出；展览品19.产品；制品20.在……里面21.顶级的；头等的22.since时间状语从句模式：主现完（一般现在时）从过23.at the city museum24.must be25.book two more tickets for sb26.not ---until27.at the entrance28.That’s fine with me.29.help sb (to) do sth 30.power(n); powerful(adj)新世纪英语八年级上U3L3词汇1.奇迹；对……感到好奇2.埃及3.尼罗河4.埃及的；埃及人的5.国王6.die(v); dead(adj); death(n); 死；死亡7.盖；覆盖8.占地……9.英尺10.由……组成11.重；称……重量12.吨13.数千14.没有15.公元前16.保护；防护17.活着的；在世的18.使……活着19.至今20.long(adj); length(n) 长，长度21.high(adj); height(n) 高，高度22.材料；原料23.深的24.英里25.分开的；分隔26.事实上；实际上27.继续；延伸28.到达；达到29.世界著名的；举世闻名的30.智慧31.nearly= almost32.more than= over33.although=but(不同时使用)34.tourist attraction; attract(v);attractive(adj)新世纪英语八年级上U4L1词汇1.农业的；农艺的2.农业园区3.暖棚,暖房4.果园5.茄子6.胡萝卜7.菠菜8.有机的；有机物9.有机肥料培植的蔬菜10.听说；听到……有关的消息11.化学药品；化学的12.生物学；生物13.各种的，种类繁多的14.是否15.瓜16.令人吃惊的，惊人的17.自然的；天然的18.禁猎区；动植物保护区19.区别；分辨20.从……学到21.dig ---up22.with modern technology23.set out =set off=start=leave24.wait for25.introduce sb to sb ; introduction(n)26.show sb around= take sb to visit sw27.nature(n); natural(adj)28.be glad to do sth = be happy to do sth=be pleased to do sth29.have names on30.not as ---as= 比较级31.instead of新世纪英语八年级上U4L2词汇1.宠物；宠儿2.饲养宠物3.争论；争辩4.赞同；喜爱5.赞同，赞成6.孤独的；寂寞的7.陪伴某人；与某人形影不离8.危险；风险9.处于危险中10.溜狗11.争论；争吵12.友好的；朋友的13.对---很友好14.而且；此外15.最近的；近来的16.所有人；物主17.勇敢的；无畏的18.问题；疑难问题19.把……看作，视为20.抚养；提高21.淹死；溺死22.地震23.进攻，攻击24.款待；对待；医治25.if/whether+宾语从句26.encourage sb to do sth27.in one’s opinion28.feel lonely29.donate sth to sb30.it was hard for sb to do sth31.decide to do sth/ make a decision32. a 12-year-old dog33.treat sb as---34. a year and a half35.hurry to do sth= do sth in a hurry= dosth hurriedly36.build(v) ; building(n)37.health(n); healthy(adj); healthily (adv);unhealthy(adj)38.in honour ofd。
三年级下册英语课件U3L3Howmanymonkeyscanyousee｜鲁科版(五四制)
Let’s sing
Let’s all go to the zoo tomorrow Let’s all go to the zoo tomorrow, zoo tomorrow, zoo tomorrow, Let’s all go to see the lions(elephants), and see the monkeys(pandas), too
Jenny : Fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen.
Li Ming: Eighteen, nineteen. Nineteen monkeys.
Danny : No. Twenty monkeys! Li Ming：Ha-ha……
Look and say
Look and say
How many tigers?
Listen and say
Jenny : Look! How many monkeys can you see?
Li Ming: Let’s count! One, two,…,ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen.
三年级下册英语课件 U3L3Howmanymonke yscanyousee｜鲁科版
（五四制）
2020/8/28
教学目标
1．能正确认读和书写字母R-T。 2．能能听懂、会说、认读单词can, see;认读数字 11～20。 3．能听懂、会说、认读谈论动物的句型 : “How many monkeys can you see?”， “Nineteen monkeys.”。
12 13 16 14 17 18 11 15 19
Try to act.
让我们一起表演对话吧。
鲁科版小学英语三年级下册U3 L3 Howmany monkeys can you see教学设计
微报告各位评委，老师下午好！我是17号。
首先很感谢你们给我这个机会。
今天，我的微报告内容是鲁科版3年级下册第3单元Lesson 3 How many monkeys can you see?我的微报告主要包括以下几个部分：(一) 教材分析：本单元的主要内容是学习如何能运用所学句型谈论动物及其数量。
我在教学设计和步骤过程中运用TPR以歌曲导入，以参观动物园为主线，充分体现了学生的主导地位。
尽量创造情景化教学，让学生自由快乐的学习，自觉的运用所学语言知识。
(二) 学生分析：作为3年级下学期的学生，基本上都有半年的英语学习经历。
对于英语的基本学习方法都能够掌握并运用，但随着生理和心理的变化逐渐出现以下问题：学得会，看得懂，会做题，可是不会说或不敢说以及对西方文化了解不足。
(三) 教学目标：根据以上学生的特点及新的教学大纲的要求我确立了以下教学目标：1.知识目标：（1）能正确认读和书写字母R r, S s, T t。
（2）能听懂、会说并认读单词“tiger，elephant，bear，panda，monkey，zoo，those，big，go，can，see”。
（3）能听懂、会说并认读谈论动物数量的句子“How many monkeys can yousee?”“Nineteen.”2.能力目标：能运用所学句型谈论动物及其数量。
3.情感目标：通过了解世界各国的动物节和有关动物的趣味短语，培养学生的跨文化意识，进一步激发学习生英语的兴趣。
4.教学重点：（1）能听懂、会说并认读单词“can、see”。
（2）能听懂、会说并认读句子“How many monkeys can yousee?” “Nineteen.”5.教学难点：能在真实的语境中运用句子“How many monkeys can you see?”“Nineteen.” 能听懂、会说数词11—20。
6. 教学方法：pair-work, class-work, listening and getting gist , role play 等7. 学用具：ppt，电子教材及同步听力mp38. 教学步骤：（见教学设计）9. Blackboard DesignLesson 3 How many monkeys can you see?How many … can you see?Nineteen.R r S s T t我认为本节课的创新之处：根据区教育局领导和全区各位同仁“快乐英语”研究与应用的理念，我利用TPR教学法，充分挖掘老师自身潜力，有效整合教材文本，充分运用小组合作、共同进步的理念进行备课、上课，让学生老师的引导下在说说唱唱中快快乐乐学英语用英语。
U3 L3
Chapter 3Lesson 3 WhiskyWhiskyWhisky refers to a broad type of alcoholic beverages that are distilled from fermented grain and aged in wooden casks.The name itself is a translation of the Latin phrase meaning "Water of Life".Most whisky is made in Scotland, Canada and the United States. Whisky from Scotland is called Scotch, whisky from Ireland is called Irish whisky, whisky from Canada is called Canadian whisky and Whisky from the United States is called Bourbon.Single malt whisky is malt whisky from a single distillery.Blended whiskies are normally cheaper whiskies. They are made from a mixture of Malt and Grain whiskies.ScotchScotch made from distilled barley malt that is either blend with other distillation or unblended ( and therefore called a single malt).Bell’s 金玲Bells blended whisky was first produced in 1825. Today Bell's Extra Special Blended Scotch Whisky is the most popular blended whisky in the UK.Black & White 黑与白Black & White is a blended Scotch whisky. Its nickname-Black & White, refer to the black and white label, was used as the official brand.Haig 海格John Haig & Company are the oldest Scotch whisky distillers in the world. Haig Gold Label Blended scotch Whisky consists of around 40 percent of malt whiskies. Today Haig is a very popular independent brand for whisky in Greece.J&B 珍宝By Springna Woo 教案专用纸第1页J & B is the No. 1 Scotch whisky in Europe and the No. 2 in the world. It produces a uniquely smooth, long lasting and satisfying taste.Johnny Walker 尊尼获加Johnnie Walker whisky, is the world’s favourite whisky, it was first produced in 1820.Johnnie Walker Red Label was first produced in 1820 and today is the best selling whisky in the world.The Johnnie Walker Black Label which contains up to 40 malts and grain whiskies, all of which are a minimum of 12 years old. It contains more older, smoother whiskies than most blended whiskies and a high percentage of the blend is malt whisky. The final blend is smooth and very high in quality.There have been several special and limited bottlings.Red Label — a blend of around 35 grain and malt whiskies.Black Label — a blend of about 40 whiskies, each aged at least 12 years.Gold Label — a rare blend of over 15 single malts. It is commonly bottled at 15 or 18 years.Blue Label —some of the blends used are up to 60 years old.Teacher’s先生Teacher’s blended whisky was created in 1884. The popularity of the Teachers blend grew quickly and by 1903 it was being exported to America.Today Teacher's Blended Scotch Whisky contains 45 percent malts. It is now among the top five best selling blended whiskies in Britain, and is also a top seller in the world market.White Horse 白马White Horse is named after a famous coaching inns. The White Horse Cellar Inn was the starting place for the eight day coach trip to London. White Horse is a fine old Scotch Whisky, and also a symbol of quality and tradition for more than a century. Today White Horse is one of the world’s top selling Scotch whiskies.100 Pipers百笛人100 Pipers Blended Scotch Whisky was first produced by Chivas Brothers and sold to Sea gram’s around 1949.The name '100 Pipers' was taken from the '100 Pipers who was Scotland's legendary hero into battle'.100 Pipers is a blend of between 25 and 30 whiskies.Ballantine’s 百龄坛The history of Ballantine’s Scotch Whisky can be traced back to the year 1827, when a 18 year old farmer’s son, George Ballantine set up a small grocery store. From there he began to supply whiskies.Today Ballantine's is the 10th largest spirit brand in the world. It has been distilled in Scotland for well over a one hundred year.Chivas Regal 芝华士Chivas Regal blended whisky was first produced in 1801 by a wine merchant. Today it is one of the world’s leading blended scotch whiskies.Chivas Regal Scotch whisky is famous for its great taste. It is responsible for its famous rich, mellow taste and refined smoothness.芝华士12年有“苏格兰王子”之美誉，其酒质饱满丰润（full-bodied）独具水果馥郁芳香（rich, mellow, fruity taste）, 口感平和顺畅（refined smoothness）,让人回味无穷。
U3L3
2.Nearly 5,000 years ago, the Egyptians built pyramids to keep the bodies of their kings and queens after their death. 2 3.Near the Nile River stand the famous pyramids of Egypt, the oldest of the seven ancient wonders of the world. 1 4. Thousands of people worked very hard on it for over 20 years. 5 5. They built more than 90 pyramids. 3
227
386 20,000 2,300,000
745
8,000 36,495 87,000,000 0.25 3/4 feet 1/4 inch
146.5 2/3 3/5
2.35 7/9 foot
kilometre
square meter
square kilometre
297 metres 481 feet 40,000 blocks of stone
Where stand the famous pyramids of Egypt. When the Egyptians built the pyramids. They built the pyramids why. They built how many pyramids. The Great Pyramid is how. The Great Pyramid how big. Each side of the base is how long. It used to be how high. The Great Pyramid is made up of how many blocks of stone. Most stones weigh how much. Thousands of people worked how on the Pyramid. They worked on it how long. They built it how. They finally completed it when. The pyramids did not protect the bodies of the kings and queens (?).
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初中英语新世纪教材八年级第一学期U3L3课时练习
Unit Three Knowledge of Common InterestLesson Three Wonders of the WorldⅠFill in the blanks with the words in their proper forms. (用所给单词适当形式填空)1.The ________ (dead) of his father made him very sad.2.Who is the most famous musician ________(live) in your country?3.Do you know the ________(long) of time for building the pyramids?4.Please ________ (not forget) to call me, will you?5.What’s the ________(high) of the building?6.Many young people enjoy ________ (listen) to pop music.7.Kate asked Kitty ________ (help) her work with her homework.8.It’s time for us ________(go) to work now.9.There ________ (be) three little lions in this zoo, aren’t there?10.It’s really nice of you ________(tell) me the truth.11.When did the ancient Chinese start ________(build) the Great Wall ?ⅡChoose the best answer(选择最恰当的答案)（）1. On ________ way ________ home, I met a friend of mine.A. I; toB. my; toC. my; onD. my; /（）2. Beijing is a famous _________ the Summer Palace, the Great Wall and so on.A. atB. withC. forD. by（）3. There are ________ students in the park.A. two thousandsB. thousands ofC. thousand ofD. thousand（）4. He can hardly speak Chinese ,_________ he?A. can’tB. isn’tC. canD. is（）5. They built the Great Wall to _______ the country _______ the enemy.A. protect; ofB. protect; fromC. stop ; ofD. keep; for（）6. Do you know how many blocks of stones the Great Pyramid is _________ ?A. made ofB. made inC. made fromD. made up of Ⅲ. Choose the best answer(选择最恰当的答案)（）1. I have _________ eggs and a glass of milk for breakfast every day.A. aB. anC. theD. /（）2. – Ellen, you look so happy.-- Well, I’ve got ________ A in my history test.A. aB. anC. theD. /（）3. It’s _______ useful book. I borrowed it from _______ school library.A. an; aB. a; anC. a, theD. an , the（）4. – Do you enjoy your staying in Hangzhou?-- Yes, I’ve had _______ wonderful time.A. /B. aC. theD. an（）5. In the United States , Father’s Day falls on _______ third Sunday in _______ June.A. the; /B. the; aC. / ; theD. a ; /（）6. He went to the village for _______ third time and at last found his son.A. aB. anC. theD. /（）7. – Where’s _______ key to the box, Jim?-- It’s in my bag.A. aB. theC. anD. /（）8. – What do you think of the bridge?-- I have never seen _______ before.A. so a long oneB. so long oneC. such a long oneD. a such long one（）9. Look at _______ skirt, I bought it for Mum on Mother’s Day. Isn’t it nice?A. aB. anC. theD. /（）10. Haikou, _______ capital of Hainan Province, is _______ pretty city.A. a ; aB. the; theC. the; aD. a ; theⅢ.Put the following into English.(将下列词组译成英文)1. 由……组成___________________2. 占地……___________________3. 数千___________________4. 保护……不受伤害___________________5. 使……活着___________________6. 至今___________________7. 导游___________________ 8. 事实上，实际上___________________9. 古代奇迹之一___________________ 10. 超过，多于___________________11. 从……开始___________________ 12. 过去曾经是___________________13. 和……距离相同___________________ 14. 把……挡在外面___________________15. 增加；添加___________________ 16. ……的象征___________________Ⅳ. Fill in the blanks with “a, an, the, /” where necessary. (选择“a, an, the, /”填空)1.You have dropped _________ “m” in the word.2.The teacher told _________ students to carry two balls at _________ time.3.Her grandma is in _________ hospital, so she often goes to _________ hospital to see her after school.4.There is _________ “x” in _________ word “excuse”.5.That evening _________ Turners sat before a bright fire and had _________ nice supper.6.Do you know anything about Solomon, _________ king of ancient Israel?Ⅴ. Rewrite the sentences as required(按要求改写句子)1.I weigh 60 kilograms. (对划线部分提问)_________ _________ do you weigh?2.You’d better drink some more Coke.(改为否定句)You’d better _________ _________ any more Coke.3.Uncle Li is busier than any other worker in the factory. (保持原句意思)Uncle Li is _________ _________ worker in the factory.4.We’ll go to visit the Great Wall tomorrow. (对划线部分提问)_________ _________ you go to visit tomorrow?5. Tom likes English. Jack likes English, too. (合并成一句)_________ Tom _________ Jack _________ English.6.My parents bought a new flat two years ago. (保持原句意思)My parents _________ _________ a new flat for two years.Ⅵ. Choose the best answer(选择最恰当的答案)（）1. What _________ important information you’ve given us!A. aB. anC. /D. the（）2. Tom was ________ tired ________ he went to sleep soon.A. too; toB. so; thatC. such; thatD. so; as to（）3. All the children should learn how to _______ themselves.A. get on well withB. make friends withC. play games withD. protect（）4. This football team _______18 boys.A. is made byB. is made ofC. is made fromD. is made up of（）5. My mother is a teacher. Her job is _______ her students well.A. teachB. to teachC. taughtD. teachesⅦ. Rewrite the sentences as required(按要求改写句子)1.Tom has to stay at home. (改为否定句)Tom _________ _________ to stay at home.2.The book was very expensive. I couldn’t buy it.(保持原句意思)The book wasn’t _________ _________ for me to buy it.3.There are trees on both sides of the road. (保持原句意思)There are trees on ________ _________ of the road.4. They started the discussion about idioms when the bell rang. ( 对划线部分提问)What _________ they _________ when the bell rang?5.Mr. Brown has never heard of organic vegetables .(改为反义疑问句)Mr. Brown has never heard of organic vegetables, _________ _________?U3L3I.Choices( ) 1. ____ United State is _______ European country, isn’t it?A. A; anB. A; theC. The; aD. The; the( ) 2. I used to ______ a cup of tea after dinner, but now I am used to _______ it before dinner.A. have; haveB. have; havingC. having; haveD. having; having( ) 3. In autumn the ground is always covered _______ a lot of leaves.A. inB. onC. atD. with( ) 4. Our playground has ______ and a football field.A. a 400-meters-trackB. a 400-meter-trackC. a 400 meters trackD. a 400-meter track( ) 5. _______ people worked very hard on the Taij Mahal for about 20 years.A. Hundred ofB. Two hundred ofC. Two hundreds ofD. Hundreds of( ) 6. There are many tall and beautiful buildings on _______ side of the Huangpu River.A. anyB. eitherC. allD. both( ) 7. Bob donated much money to the poor _______ he is not rich.A. whenB. butC. becauseD. though( ) 8. It is raining hard. Shall we _______ the flowers ______ the rain, Dick？A. protect; out ofB. protect; fromC. stop; withD. stop; in( ) 9. The right way of reading 146.45 is ____.A. one hundred and forty six point forty fiveB. one hundred forty six point forty fiveC. one hundred four six point four fiveD. one hundred and forty six point four five( ) 10. It took us ______ to finish the hard job.A. two hours and a halfB. two and a half hourC. two and a half hourD. two hour and a half( ) 11. The machine is made ________ 400 parts.A. ofB. fromC. upD. up of( ) 12.The teacher always lets us keep the door ______.A. openB. opensC. openingD. to open( ) 13. Mary speaks ______ than Tom.A. much slowlyB. much more slowlyC. much slowlierD. much slower( ) 14. The ancient people _____ a lot of years _______ the pyramids.A. paid; forB. cost; /C. took; onD. spent; on( ) 15. The Great Pyramid consists of 2,300,000 blocks of stones. The underlined part means ________.A. take part inB. take the place ofC. is made intoD. is made up of( ) 16. The government were trying their best to stop people from the flood in July. The underlined part means ________.A. tell; fromB. keep; fromC. keep; offD. keep; inplete the sentences with the given words.1.How ______ the boy in red is singing! (wonder)2.The Palace Museum shows the _________ of Chinese people. (wise)3.After hearing his father’s ______, the boy be gan to cry. (die)4.Jack is good at Maths. In _______, he is also good at music. (add)5.Yesterday morning Li Ming ________ a wallet on his way home. (cover)III.Rewrite the following sentences as required.1.Tom does his homework every day. (改为否定句)Tom _____ ______ his homework every day.2. She never talks with others in class. (改为反意疑问句)She never talks with others in class, _____ ______?3.The CN Tower weighs 700 tons. (对划线部分提问)_____ _______ does the CN Tower weigh?4.It took the workers about 4 years to build the Nanpu Bridge. (保持原句意思)The workers ______ about 4 years ______ the Nanpu Bridge.5.My brother left home. He didn’t have breakfast. (保持原句意思)My brother left home_____ _____ breakfast.U3L3 PartⅡⅠ. Choose the best answer( ) 1. —Is this ancient building?—No, it was just built in 1994.A. aB. anC. theD. /( ) 2. the pyramids, the Great Pyramids of Khufu is the largest one.A. InB. OnC. AmongD. At( ) 3. There are many in the world, and the Great Wall is one of them.A. governmentsB. kingsC. palacesD. wonders( ) 4. The school is 20 classes.A. made up ofB. made inC. made fromD. made of( ) 5. Our environment is getting worse and worse, so we shouldit well.A. keepB. preventC. controlD. share( ) 6. We playing the game after having a rest. The game was interesting.A. stoppedB. avoidedC. forgotD. continued( ) 7. David Beckham Beijing yesterday morning.A. gets toB. reachesC. arrived inD. arrived at( ) 8. —is the tower?—Its height is 468 metres.A. How wideB. How highC. How longD. How thick( ) 9. —How did you go to school?—I to school by bike.A. used to goB. am used to goingC. used to goingD. am used to go( ) 10. —Do you agree with me? —.A. Good ideaB. I’d be glad toC. I’m sorry to hear thatD. Of course.Ⅲ.Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms.1. It (weigh) as much as 23,000 kilos.2. I don’t know the (high) of this building.3. We all felt sad when we knew the （die）of my grandpa.4. In order to keep the fish (live), you should feed them regularly.5. No one knows the exact (long) of the river.6. Please (continue) this task.Ⅳ.Rewrite the sentences as required.1. I agree with your opinion.(改为同义句)I am your opinion.2. We visited the Forbidden City last year.(改为否定句)We the Forbidden City last year.3. Do you keep pets? He asked me. (改为间接引语)He asked me kept pets?4. It takes us about 2 hours to finish our homework every day? （对画线部分提问）does it take you to finish our homework every day?5. Tom is the tallest boy in his class. (改为同义句)Tom is than boy in his class.6. The Great Pyramid is 138 meters high. （对画线部分提问）is the Great Pyramid?。
译林版高中英语必修第1册U3L3 Grammar and usage
Restrictive relative clauses
The forum exchange below includes a post written by Amy, a teenage girl who had a problem with her best friend Jenny.
She was the popular girl who was willing to make friends with me.
Unit 3 Getting along with others
Grammar and usage
Grammar and usage
Restrictive relative clauses with relative pronouns
01
The forum exchange below includes a post written by Amy, a teenage girl.
connec is someone who walks in when the rest of the world walks out.
• A real friend is someone whose support we can count on. • A real friend is someone who sees our true self, not just
She had a problem with her best friend Jenny.
She was a popular girl. She was willing to make friends with me.
David also had a friend. He trusted the friend a lot.
长虹LED-V3系列(欧宝丽)液晶彩电技术培训课件
技术支持组 周强 时间：2014年5月
目录
一、LED-V3机型系列分类 二、组件、关键器件及信号流程介绍 三、网络调试 四、工厂菜单进入及升级方式 五、常见故障排除
目录
一、LEDV3机型系列分类
LED-V3系列（欧宝丽）技术培训 LED-V3系列机型是由台州新世纪光电公司代工的欧宝丽产品，14年生产 有LED32V3、LED40V3i、LED42V3i、LED55V3i，和 LED28C3000\3000A、LED39V2等型号。
LED-V3系列（欧宝丽）技术培训 5、TP.MS880.PB801机芯系统主要规格表
类别 TV信 号 制式 彩色 伴音 PAL,DTMB（数字电视） D/KB/GIM/N 48.25MHz－863.25MHz ATV100套,DTMB200套 PAL、NTSC 1路RF；1路AV；1路YpbPr（音频与AV复用）；1路VGA；1路HDMI；2路侧置USB； 1路CVBS输出 480i、480P、576i、576P、720P(50Hz/60Hz)、1080i(50Hz/60Hz)、 1080P(50Hz/60Hz) 640×480、800×600、1024×768、1280×768、1280×1024@60Hz、 720P(50Hz/60Hz)、1080i(50Hz/60Hz)、480i、480P、576i、576P、 1080P(50Hz/60Hz)、1360×768、1366×768、1280×800、1920×1080 ◆ 支持 USB2.0 ◆ 支持 JPEG/PNG/BMP图片浏览 ◆ 支持 MP3、WMA解码 ◆ 支持 MPEGⅠ/Ⅱ/Ⅳ解码 ◆ 支持 H.264/RM/TS高清解码 支持芒果电视IPTV 其它如亮度、对比度、响应时间、视角、分辨率、整机功耗等视液晶屏而定 要 求
2024年秋新冀教版三年级上册英语教学课件 U3L3
• Lesson 3 Letters all around
冀教版英语三年级（上）
• Warming up
Enjoy a song
• Presentation
What letters can you see?
Letters are everywhere.
向你的朋友们展示字母。 03 Make letter cards.制作字
母卡片。
同学们，通过这节课的学习， 你有什么收获呢？
谢谢 大家
爱心.诚心.细心.耐心，让家长放心.孩子安心。
UK英国 IP互联网协议 IT 信息技术 WPS 文字处理系统
WIFI 无线局域网路由器 HR 人力资源
Find the letters around you
USB 通用串行总线 VIP 贵宾
LED 发光二极管 DIY 自己动手做
a, b, c ,d, e, f ,g, h, i ,j, k, l ,m, n,
I see A,T and M.
What letter is this?
It’s the letter Uu.
What’s this? It’s my uncle’s umbrella.
What letter is this?
It’s the letter Vv.
What’s this? It’s a vegetable van.
What letter is this?
It’s the letter Ww.
What’s this? It’s winter wind.
What letter is this?
It’s the letter Xx.
高中英语新教材选择性必修一课件 U3L3 Grammar and usage教案配套课件
Exploring the rules
Working out the rule
• The_v_e_r_b_-i_n_g__ form is often used to describe a thing or a situation; the ____v_e_rb_-_e_d__ form is often used to describe how a person feels.
Reading and answering
• Where did the writer go to see the paintings?
The writer saw the paintings in the National Gallery..
• What did many people do when they were viewing artworks according to the blog entry?
• The gallery staff’s job is _k_e_ep_i_n_g___ (keep)
order.
• The gallery staff looked very _t_ir_e_d_____(tire)
after working all day.
Applying the rules
Exploring the rules
Working out the rule
• When used as the predicative, the verb-ing or verb-ed form is connected to the subject by a _l_in_k_i_ng__v_er_b_.
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Unit 3 Lesson 3 Owning a Car
(一)重点语法点
1.reduce v. = cut
→(反义词) v. _________
2.thank to sth.
= b_______ o_______
My English has improved a lot_______ _______ the teacher’s help/
The flight was delayed _______ _______ the heavy haze.
3.at a high/ low s_______
4.Few people could afford a car 20 years ago.
= Few people had _______ money to buy a car 20 years ago.
= Few people was rich_______ to buy a car 20 years ago.
5.pay attention to ________(do) sth.
6.have a good a________ to/ towards sb./ sth.
7.show o_______ one’s wealth
8.cancel a meeting/ a flight
delay = put off
9.praise sb. for doing sth.
10.base n.
→ adj. b_______ on sth.= a_______ ________sth.
→ adj. b_______ knoledge
11.avail v. → adj. a_______
An English dictionary is _________ at any bookstore.
Information about the 2016 Olympics is_________on the Internet. (二)随堂练习
Ⅰ. Complete the sentence with the right form of the word given.
12.With the_______of car industry, more and more families have a private
car.(develop)
13.We all know that Bell Alexander ________ the first telephone.(invention)
14.Which means is _________, light rail, plane or train? (fast)
15.At present, almost any learning resource is ________ on the Internet.(avail)
16.Sun Yan and Lin Dan are_______ in the hearts of Chinese people.(hero)
Ⅱ. Rewrite the sentence as required.
17.Lin Tao has already completed his homework.(否定句)
Lin Tao_________completed his homework________.
18.Mike is a very honest boy. (感叹句)
_______ _______ honest boy Mike is!
19.Jimmy’s little sister is too young to go to school this year. (同义句)
Jimmy’s little sister isn’t_______ ________ to go to school this year.
20.Mary went to bed at 11 p.m. last night. (同义句)
Mary ________go to bed_______11 p.m. last night.
Ⅲ. Choose the best answer.
21.The housing prices are so high that few families can _________one.
A. offer
B. afford
C. provide
D. suffer
22.Because of the heavy fog, the flight has to be _______until the weather is fine.
A. prepared
B. canceled
C. took off
D. considered
23.Students shouldn’t be judged_______on their clothes but on their studies.
A. base
B. based
C. according
D. according to
24.If a student has a good________to study, he will work hard every day.
A. advice
B. attitude
C. tip
D. suggestion
25.The two policeman _______for their shooting the killer, Zhou Kehua.
A. were predicted
B. were praised
C. were prevented
D. were protected
26.The 1976 Thangshan earthquake was the biggest in China in _______ century.
A. twenties
B. twenty
C. twenty-first
D. the twentieth
27.Second generation rich like to______ their expensive cars and branded clothes.
A. show up
B. show off
C. show around
D. show
28.Shanghai has started to use PM2.5 to control and _______the serious air pollution.
A. refuse
B. reduce
C. increase
D. raise
29.Many flights at Hongqiao Airport were delayed_______the strong storm.
A. thanks to
B. because of
C. according to
D. because。