非谓语
非谓语动词的时态和语态
非谓语动词的时态和语态非谓语动词是指在句中不充当谓语成分，通常以动词原形或动词的其他非限定形式呈现的动词。
非谓语动词的时态和语态主要根据上下文确定，本文将详细介绍非谓语动词的时态和语态的使用。
一、非谓语动词的时态1. 不定式：不定式作为非谓语动词形式，不受时态的限制，通常表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
例如：- To understand English well, one must practice every day.（为了能够很好地理解英语，人们必须每天练习。
）- I forgot to buy milk on the way home.（我从没想到，在回家的路上忘了买牛奶。
）2. 现在分词：现在分词作为非谓语动词形式，通常表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或一般性的动作。
例如：- Walking along the street, I noticed a small cafe.（在街上走的时候，我注意到了一家小咖啡馆。
）- The teacher was talking to the students, explaining the new lesson.（老师正在和学生们谈话，解释新的课程。
）3. 过去分词：过去分词作为非谓语动词形式，通常表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前已经完成的动作。
例如：- Having finished his homework, the boy went out to play.（孩子做完作业后，出去玩了。
）- The injured man was taken to the hospital, accompanied by his family.（受伤的人被他的家人陪同着送到了医院。
）二、非谓语动词的语态非谓语动词的语态主要包括主动语态和被动语态，具体如下：1. 不定式的语态：不定式的语态通常与主句的语态保持一致。
例如：- She wants to be promoted.（她想要升职。
英语非谓语谓语
英语非谓语谓语
非谓语虽然不是谓语，但仍然是个动词。
非谓语的使用形式有以下几种：to do、doing、done。
to do 是动词不定式，doing 有两层身份，一层是现在分词，一层是动名词，done 是过去分词。
非谓语动词在句子中的使用情况如下：
- to do：通常表示目的或将来发生的动作，如“I want to go home now.”。
- doing：可以表示正在进行的动作，如“There is a bird singing in the tree.”，也可以表示一般性的动作，如“My favorite sport is playing football.”。
- done：通常表示已经完成的动作，如“The house built last year has been sold out.”。
在一个英文简单句当中，有且只有一个主语，一个谓语动词。
如果仍想让某一个动词做谓语，可以通过写几个复合句来实现。
非谓语动词的 9 种形式
非谓语动词 17done -ing to do 被动主动被动主动完成式一般式to do doing doneto be done being done to have done have done to have been donehaving been done having be done have done have been done51被动之前having been done主动之前having done 被动同时being done 主动同时(基本同时)doing (和主语)主被动(与谓语比)时间先后-ing 作状语★必背使役动词make,、let 、have+do(省略了感官动词see/ watch/hear/feel1： +do(一般现在和一般过去，不强调正在进行都可用)I saw the boys fight with each other yesterday.PS: 被动态时需要还原“to ”The boys were seen to fight with each other yesterday.2: +doing （强调正在进行）The girl reported seeing a beautiful bird flying toward the window. 14非谓语动词题目三步走：⏹是否已存在另一个动作（不管前面还是后面）⏹主被动关系⏹时间先后顺序◆习题 ◆⏹S he reached the top of the hill andstopped on a big rock to see the rising sun.A. to have restedB. restingC. to restD. rest⏹Y ou were brave enough to raiseobjections at the meeting.Well, now I regret _ that.A. to doB. to be doingC. to have doneD. having done⏹T hey knew her very well. They hadseen her _ up from childhood.A. growB. grewC. was growingD. to grow⏹I’ve heard him _ about you often.A. talkedB. talksC. talkD. to talk⏹I f you think that treating a womanwell means always _ her permission for things,think again. (06湖南) A. gets B. got C. to get D. getting⏹H e walked down the hills, _ softly tohimself。
非谓语动词(Non-finiteverbs)
非谓语动词（Non-finiteverbs）非谓语动词概述：不定式（todo）：目的、将来形式现在分词（doing）：主动、进行过去分词（done）：被动、完成todo：某一次具体的动作作主语doing：抽象的、概念性的、多次的、经常性的行为todo：某一次具体的动作作表语doing：抽象的、概念性的、多次的、经常性的行为done：todo作宾语doing句法功能todo：目的、将来作定语doing：主动、进行done：被动、完成todo：目的、将来作宾补doing：主动、进行done：被动、完成todo：目的、将来作状语doing：主动、进行done：被动、完成独立成分作状语n./pron.+todo/doing/done独立主格结构with的复合结构GrammarI：非谓语动词的形式（一）过去分词：过去分词只有一种形式，就是一般式done。
①单独表示一个被动的动作；②也可以单独表示动作已经完成；③还可以同时表示被动和完成。
（二）现在分词的各种形式：（三）主动被动用法一般doing beingdone doing的动作与谓语动作几e.g.1._______________(hear)thenews,theycouldn’thelpla ughing.e.g.2.Not________________(finish)thetask,theyhavetostayt hereforanothertwoweeks.e.g.3.________________(turn)offtheTVset,hebegantogoover (复习)hislessons.e.g.4.______________(heat加热),thewatergetshot.e.g.5._______________(build)forhalfayear,thebuildingbeca meourlibrary.e.g.6._______________(tell)manytimes,hestillrepeated(重复)thesamemistake.e.g.7.Isawtherewasaboy________________(blame)byhisfat her.（四）不定式的各种形式（五）e.g.1.Therearemanydishes_________________(wash)inthek itchen.SoIdon’thavetimetoseeafilmwithyoutonight.注意：非谓语动词的否定形式是在其前加notGrammarII：todo、doing作主语或表语一、todo、doing作主语的一般用法：e.g.1.Toswimtodayisagoodideae.g.2.Eatingtoomuchisbad foryourhealth.思考：todo作主语，表__________________________________________________的动作；doing作主语，表_________________________________________________的动作。
非谓语知识点总结文库
非谓语知识点总结文库一、非谓语概述非谓语是指不表示谓语的动作、状态或性质，充当主谓宾补成分的动词形式。
非谓语包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。
非谓语可以作状语、定语、宾语、表语等。
二、动词不定式1. 不定式的构成不定式是动词的一种独立形式，由“to + 动词原形”构成。
例如：to go，to play，to sing等。
2. 不定式的用法（1）作主语：To swim is good exercise.（2）作宾语：I want to go shopping.（3）作定语：I have a book to read.（4）作状语：He got up early to catch the first bus.（5）作表语：His duty is to help others.（6）在一些动词后面，如decide, hope, plan, want, agree等，to不定式作宾语补足语。
3. 不定式的否定形式在to后加not,构成否定形式，表示否定的含义。
例如：not to go, not to play。
4. 不定式的完成形式不定式的完成形式表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。
例如：He hopes to have finished the work by the end of the month.三、动名词1. 动名词的构成动名词是动词的一种特殊形式，由动词原形+ing构成。
例如：swimming，playing，singing等。
2. 动名词的用法（1）作主语：Swimming is good exercise.（2）作宾语：I enjoy swimming.（3）作定语：I have a swimming pool.（4）作状语：She left after finishing her homework.3. 动名词的否定形式在动名词前加not来构成否定形式。
例如：not swimming, not playing。
高中英语非谓语的知识点总结
高中英语非谓语的知识点总结高中英语非谓语的知识点非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
其中，每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。
具体如下：1. 不定式①基本形式：to do(表示主动，并且一般表示将来)②被动式：to be done(表示被动，并且一般表示将来)③进行式：to be doing (表示主动和进行)④完成时：to have done(表示主动和完成)⑤完成被动式：to have been done(表示被动和完成)⑥完成进行式：to have been doing (表示主动和完成进行)The teacher told us to do morning exercises.老师让我们做早操。
The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。
She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.老师进来时，她假装正在读书。
The thief is said to have escaped.据说小偷已经逃跑了。
The thief is said to have been arrested.据说小偷已经被抓住了。
She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.据说在过去的20年里，她一直在这家工厂工作。
2. 动名词①基本形式：doing (表示主动)②被动式：being done(表示被动)③完成式：having done(表示主动和完成)④完成被动式：having been done(表示被动和完成)Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.在未来，普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。
英语非谓语三种形式
英语非谓语三种形式
英语非谓语动词有三种形式：动词不定式(to+动词原形)、动名词(动词+ing) 和分词(过去分词、现在分词)。
1、动词不定式：
例句：I want to go to the store. (我想去商店。
)
He asked me to help him with his homework. (他要求我帮他做功课。
)
2、动名词：
例句：Swimming is my favorite sport. (游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
)
I enjoy reading books. (我喜欢读书。
)
3. 分词：
过去分词：
例句：The broken window needs to be fixed. (需要修理这个破窗户。
)
I have finished my homework. (我完成了我的作业。
)
现在分词：
例句：I saw her singing in the choir. (我看到她在合唱团唱歌。
)
The running dog caught the ball. (跑着的狗接住了球。
)。
非谓语讲解
专题七非谓语动词一个简单句只能有一个动词做谓语，这个动词叫谓语动词；在这个简单句中，其他没有做谓语的动词，不管有多少个，都不能做谓语，这些动词就叫非谓语动词。
谓语动词要以谓语动词形式表达出来，非谓语动词要以非谓语动词的形式表达出来。
非谓语动词包括：动词不定式-to do动名词-doing现在分词-doing过去分词-done非谓语动词，顾名思义，就是不是做谓语的动词；非谓语动词除了不做谓语，可以做主语、宾语、定语、状语和表语等各种其他句子成分。
要掌握非谓语动词的用法，就是要掌握不同非谓语动词在各个句子成分的不同含义和用法。
一、非谓语动词的用法区别从含义上大略可以区别：过去分词-done一般表示被动、完成的意思，所以从主动和被动方面先可以把过去分词和动词不定式、现在分词、动名词区分开来。
动词不定式一般表示目的、还未发生的动作。
现在分词一般表示正在进行或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。
动名词具有名词的特性，在句中一般做主语、宾语、表语。
所以，就区别to do与doing的区别就可以了。
1、to do与doing（动名词）的区别（主要是在做主语、表语和宾语时的区别）（1）做主语和表语的区别一般来说，在表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性行为时多用动名词；在表示具体的某次动作，特别是将来发生的动作，多作不定式。
做主语:Smoking is prohibited here.此地禁止抽烟。
To invite him to tomorrow party is necessary.邀请他参加明天的聚会是必要的。
做表语：My job is teaching English .我的工作是教英语。
Our task now is to increase food production.我们现在的任务是增加粮食产量。
表语是以下一些词，一般用动名词做真正主语：注意：it是形式主语，动名词是真正主语。
It’s no use talking like that.It’s a waste of time arguing with him.这种句型，表语是其他词，用不定式做真正主语。
非谓语大全
一．接不定式（而不接动名词）作宾语的常用动词 (口决）决定想要希望安排，提出计划，期待准备，需要同意，被用来做，两个要求莫拒绝。
等不及下决心设法学会做过去常常未能做，碰巧帮助，负担得起，不要假装在选择。
decide, determine, want, hope,wish, arrange,promise, offer, plan, except, prepare, need, agree, be used , demand, ask, refuse.cant wait, make up one's mind, manage, learn, used, failed, happen, help, afford, pretend, choose.二、接动名词（不接不定式）作宾语的常用动词考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意允逃亡难以忍受始反对，想要成功坚持忙习惯放弃有困难，导致专心防道歉。
consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon,admit, delay/put off, fancyavoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice,deny, finish, enjoy/appreciateforbid/prohibit, imagine, riskcan't help, mind, allow/permit, escape.bear,stand,set about， get down to,be opposed to , object to, be against ,feel like，succeed in，stick to ，insist on ，be busy (in)be used/accustomed to， give up, have difficulty/trouble (in),lead to（导致）, devote to , prevent…… from……，apologize for,forgive.have a good/wonderful/hard time (in), spend time (in), thank you for, pay attention to, aim at, accuse…of… 控告；谴责，discuss ,dislike,三、接不定式作宾补的常用动词1.劝教命令需要告诉叫：advise ,teach,order, command, ask, tell ,request,need.2.请求允许答应提醒帮助又警告说服禁止：invite,beg，allow promise,remind,help,warn，persuade,forbid.3.使役表意向：let,have,make,cause,lead,set,leave,get,wish,want,expect.encourage, cause, drive,force. intend,leave,trouble.4.知觉动词妙：hear, watch, see, observe, notice. feel.5.考虑相信猜测断言证明想象找到喜好选举爱：consider,think,believe,know,guess,declare,prove,imagine,suppose,find,love,hate,like, prefer, would like。
非谓语动词-不定式
被动句里，主语补足语要还原to
She is often seen to walk to school by herself. 人们经常看到她独自步行上学。
The workers are made to work extra hours everyday. 工人们被迫每天加班。 但是：
Let the girl try it again.
很抱歉让你久等了。
They seemed to be discussing something important.
他们似乎在讨论一些重要的事情。
作补语
形容词，介词短语，现在分词，过去分词都可以做宾语补足语。 在被动句里，原来的宾语成了主语，补足语就成了主语补足语。 My parents allowed us to play in the stream. 我父母允许我们在小溪里玩耍。 We were not allowed to play in the stream. 我们不能在小溪里玩耍。 We would like you to come to our party. 我们希望你来参加我们的聚会。 I didn't expect there to be so many people in the market. 我没想到市场里会有这么多人。
作定语
不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。如： The next thing to do is to find a hotel.接下来要做的就是找到一家旅馆。 1. 动宾关系： I have a meeting to attend. 2. 主谓关系： (be the first/second/last…to do)He is the first one to come. 3. 同位关系（说明所修饰名词的内容）we all have a chance to go to college. 注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，要有相应的介词 He found a good house to live in. Please give me a pen to write with. 但如果不定式修饰的是time, place, way等就可以省略介词 He has no place to live. Something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式作后置定语 Do you have anything to read？ 不定式短语作定语是一个难点，请注意不定式和被修饰词之间的关系： (1)表示将来的动作。 (2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如是不及物动词，则需加介词。 (3)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时，尽管有被动含义，却仍 用主动语态；如 只有动宾关系，而无逻辑上的主谓关系，则需用被动语态。
(完整版)非谓语动词语法讲解
非谓语动词语法讲解一、非谓语动词的概念动词的基本用法是作谓语。
当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。
非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、动词的过去分词：done二、三种形式的含义（基本用法）不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。
三、非谓语动词的时态和语态一般式完成式进行式不定式主动to do to have done to be doing被动to be done to have beendoneing 形式主动doing having done 被动being done having beendone过去分词被动done四、非谓语动词的否定形式在非谓语动词前加not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing五、非谓语动词的复合结构不定式的复合结构：for / of sb. to do sth.动词 ing 形式的复合结构：宾格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时，用的所有格＋doing)六、非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。
方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。
方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。
方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。
之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.学习非谓语形式时，建议把三种形式一起来比较学习，会更加有效一些。
七、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语a. 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。
动词ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。
如：________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walkB. WalkingC. To walkD. Walk(分析) a good form 暗示泛指一般的行为，用动名词作主语，选 Bb. 不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，即用句型：It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.It’s important for us to learn English well.It’s kind of you to help us.注意：下面几个句型是用动名词：It’s no good / use doing sth.It’s usel ess doing sth.There is no need to do sth.2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较1、不定式、动名词作表语，.表示主语的内容。
非谓语形式
非谓语形式非谓语形式就是:动词不定式、分词、动名词。
非谓语动词在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式，动名词，和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。
1)不定式时态\语态主动被动一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done2)动名词时态\语态主动被动一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done3)分词时态\语态主动被动一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done否定形式: not +不定式， not + 动名词， not + 现在分词1( 有些动词可以用不定式作宾语，大致上有三种情况。
1)1) 有些及物动词用不定式作宾语，结构为动词+不定式。
例如:afford aim agree arrange ask decidebother care choose demand desire determine elect endeavor hope fail help learn long 渴mean manage offer plan pretend 望refuse tend undertake expect hate intend例如:The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
He offered to help me. 他表示愿意帮助我。
2)有些动词除了可以用不定式作宾语，还用不定式作补语，即有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。
例如:ask choose expect help beg intend like/love need prefer prepare want wish例如:I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。
非谓语语法
现在分词和不定式作宾语补足语的区别
现在分词强调说明动作正在发生，不定式强调 说明动作的全过程。例如： 1.I saw the boys climbing the wall 2.I saw the boys climb the wall
分词作状语
现在分词短语作状语时通常表示主语正在进行的另一 动作；过去分词通常说明主语的状态。例如： 1.He left the room angrily, frustrated by his examination 2.I got home ,feeling very tired ,and fell asleep while I was watch TV “while (when, once, if等)+分词”结构，分词作状语时 可在分词前加while ,once等连词。例如 Once recovered ,he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well
动名词是非谓语动词的一种， 形式为动词原形加ing。动名 词不能作谓语，可以作主语、 宾语、表语、定语。
1、动名词作主语
用法：动名词或动名词结构在句首。 例: Reading aloud is very important in learning language. 朗读在学习一门语言中很重要。 注:在一些结构里必须用it作形式主语。 It is no good waiting for her. 等她是没有好处的啦。
D 3、___for a long time most of the crops in this area died from lacking water. A.Being no rain B.there was no rain C.To be no rain D.There being no rain 4.The little boy still needs the B __20 dollars to do with some things ____. A.remaining;remained to be settled B.remaining;remaining to be settled C.remained;remained to settle D.remained;remaining to settle
英语非谓语
非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do2、动词的ing : doing3、动词的过去分词：done。
其中不定式表示目的和将来;动词的ing表示主动和进行；过去分词表示被动和完成。
非谓语动词三种形式在句中充当不同的成分，表达不同的意义，具体如下表：非谓语动词的时态和语态：一般式：不定式：主动to do ，被动to be done ; ing 形式：主动doing ，被动being done ;过去分词：被动done完成式：不定式：主动to have done ，被动to have been done;ing 形式：主动having done，被动having been done进行式：不定式to be doing1、动词不定式的基本用法：动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用，（to）+ do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
否定式：not + (to) do 如：(1)作主语：动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。
It means failure to lose your heart. 灰心意味着失败。
常用句式有：1、It+be+名词+to do。
2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。
(2)作表语：动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别。
如：Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作是打扫大厅。
(3)作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician.;②作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等；③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next?(4)作宾语补足语：在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,call on,wait for,invite.此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如：With a lot of work to do,he didn't go to the cinema．他有很多工作要做，所以没去电影院。
非谓语动词的定义是什么意思
非谓语动词的定义是什么意思非谓语动词的定义是什么意思非谓语动词，又叫非限定动词，非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)，即动词的非谓语形式。
下面是店铺给大家整理的非谓语动词的定义简介，希望能帮到大家!非谓语动词的定义在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式，叫做非谓语动词(the Non-Finite Verbs)。
非谓语动词也是动词的一种，他们有着动词的其他特点，可以充当主语、宾语、状语等。
非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。
非谓语动词与谓语动词相同点如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用，例如：They built a garden.They suggested building a garden.都可以被状语修饰：The suit fits him very well.The suit used to fit him very well.都有主动与被动，“体”式(一般式;进行式;完成式)的变化。
例如：He was punished by his parents.(谓语动词被动语态)He avoided being punished by his parents.(动名词的被动式)We have written the composition.(谓语动词的完成时)Having written the composition,we handed it in.(现在分词的完成式)都可以有逻辑主语They started the work at once.(谓语动词的逻辑主语)The boss ordered them to start the work.(动词不定式的逻辑主语)We are League members.(谓语动词的主语)We being League member,the work was well done. (现在分词的逻辑主语)否定式一般用not,并且放在非谓语动词之前不同点非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词)，在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
非谓语
Six tips
1.字多字好 • 字多字好 2.无错无改 • 无错无改 3.切题点全 • 切题点全 4.靓词靓句 • 靓词靓句 5.按序分段 • 按序分段 6.虎头豹尾 • 虎头豹尾 ——压迫力 压迫力 ——装美丽 装美丽 ——硬道理 硬道理 ——最给力 最给力 ——领导力 领导力 ——震撼力 震撼力
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三、将来完成进行时 表示动作一直持续到将来某个时间的状况。 表示动作一直持续到将来某个时间的状况。 He will have been playing on the piano by that time． ． 他将一直弹钢琴到那个时间。 他将一直弹钢琴到那个时间。 By the time the sun rises，I shall have ， been sleeping for nine hours． ． 当太阳升起的时候，我将睡了九个小时。 当太阳升起的时候，我将睡了九个小时。
• 谓语：是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明，指出 是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明，
“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”，在主语后 做什么” 是什么” 怎么样” 接宾语，又称受词，是一个动作的接受者。 接宾语，又称受词，是一个动作的接受者。 • 考察 时态（tense） 16个 考察1.时态 时态（ ） 个 2.语态（voice）2个（the active voice； 语态（ 语态 ） 个 ； the passive voice） ） 3.语气（mood）3个 语气（ 语气 ） 个 陈述语气（陈述句、疑问句、某些感叹） 陈述语气（陈述句、疑问句、某些感叹） 虚拟语气 虚拟语气 祈使语气
非谓语动词非谓语形式(详细)
非谓语动词非谓语形式(详细)动词非谓语形式一．基本概念：顾名思义，不担任谓语成分而担任其他语法功能的动词称为非谓语动词，有to do（动词不定式）/ -ing（现在分词/动名词）/ -ed（过去分词）三个形式。
由于他们不受主语人称和数的限制，故也称为"非限定动词"。
（研究中不要刻意去区分现在分词和动名词）二．非谓语动词的时态和语态意义：英语中动词有两大基本特征：时态和语态的变化。
非谓语动词也是动词，当然也具备动词的这两大特征。
1.时态概念：非谓语动词只有"过去、现在和将来"三个时间概念，他与谓语动词时态的区别是：谓语动词表示的是实际时间概念，如I am learning English.是指讲话的时候或那段时间里"我正在学英语"。
而非谓语动词的"过去、现在和将来"是指相对于谓语动词而言的"过去、现在和将来"，即先于谓语动词的行为或状态称为"过去时"，与谓语动词的行为或状态发生在同一时间（段）的称为"现在时"，而发生在谓语动词的行为或状态之后的称为"将来时"。
这个时间概念对于后面要讲的非谓语动词的句法功能是非常重要的。
2.语态概念：与谓语动词一样，非谓语动词也有主动语态和被动语态之分。
也就是要记住四句话：(1)表示将来时；(2)表示现在时；(3)表示曩昔时（一定是被动的）(4)动词不定式的完成时表示过去时非谓语动词的上述时态和语态概念是理解非谓语动词句法功能、应试判题和翻译的基础。
请你判断一下，下面句子中的非谓语动词是什么时态和语态：Your duty is to look after the sick child。
(你的责任是照料这个病孩。
将来/主动)The sick child needs to be looked after by a special person。
非谓语
非谓语一何为非谓语首先应该明确一个句子中有且只能有一个谓语，所以当一个句子中已经有了一个谓语，而你又想用谓语动词，这时你要选择用动词的非谓语形式。
二判断非谓语的方法：有逗号（因为逗号不能连接两个句子），有谓语，无连词Eg. It rained heavily in the south, causing serious flooding in several provinces.这个句子中有逗号，有谓语rained, 无连词。
所以动词cause这事要用非谓语causing.当句子有连词时，这是要分析句子的主谓。
看句子有几个谓语动词，谓语只能比连词的个数多一个。
Eg. Having waited in the railway station for an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his ticket at home.(查谓语的个数：realized, had left两个谓语，查连词个数：that一个，所以这时的wait 应该用非谓语形式。
）三非谓语在句子做的成分：1.做定语（位置：位于名词之后）此时应分析非谓语与所修饰的名词的关系：主动关系——用ing、被动关系——用ed、表正在进行且被动用being done、将来被动用to be done、完成被动用done。
注：当名词前面有序数词时,只能用to do 不定式。
Eg. The last one to leave classroom should close the window.2.做状语（位置：位于句首或句尾，有逗号断开）此时应分析与句子主语的关系: 主动——用ing、被动——用ed、to do不定式充当目的状语，结果状语一般用ing,但表示出乎意料之外的结果或与主观意愿有违背的用only to do.注：目的状语位于句尾时，不用逗号。
3.做宾补（位置：位于宾语之后）两种形式：1）、及物动词+宾语+宾补2）、with+宾语+宾补此时应分析非谓语动词与宾语的关系：主动用ing、被动用ed、表将来用to do. 四非谓语的各种时态—ing一般式doing被动式being done完成式having done完成被动式having been done—to do一般式to do完成式to have done进行式to be doing完成进行式to have been doing一般被动式to be done完成被动式to have been done应根据句中的时态句意主被动关系选择相应的非谓语形式。
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1．一般现在时do / does; am /is /are 2．一般过去时did; was/were3．一般将来时will do ; am/is /are going to do4．过去将来时would do; was/were going to do5．现在进行时am/is /are doing6．过去进行时was / were doing7．将来进行时will be doing8．现在完成时have/ has done/been 9．过去完成时had done/been10．将来完成时will have done/been 11．现在完成进行时Have /has been doing12．过去完成进行时Had been doing 13．将来完成进行时Will have beendoing英语动词非谓语形式To do1.To solve the problem is necessary. To be a qualified teacher is not easy.学好一门外语并不容易。
2.decide / want / like / refuse to do3. To see is to believe.My dream is .4. The man to give the lecture is a famous professor.明天要开的会议是关于污染的。
5. I’m coming to see you.To improve your English, you came here to listen to my lecture.I returned home to get a raincoat.为了赶上班车，他早早就起床了。
He hurried home only to find nobody in.6. ask /tell /allow sb to dosee/ hear/let/ make /have sb. DoHe _____________________逼着我做all the work again.I_________________________看见他上楼 a moment ago.Doing1.Eating too much is bad for your health.2.enjoy, finish, escape, mind, appreciate, mean…错过这班车意味着得再等另外一班车。
介词之后：pay attention to, lookforward to, get down to,insist on, lead to, key toI’m looking forward toseeing you.I’m tired of eating the same food day after day.He entered the classroom,without being seen.3.My job is teaching you English.4.The number of people （suffering frombird f lu）is surprising.你认识那个站在那儿的人吗？5.伴随/时间/方式/原因/结果……目的状语除外Walking in the street, suddenly I saw heavy smoke rising from a shop.The children went out of the cinema,_____________________又说又笑___________________________因为误了公共汽车,we had to walk home.__________________________感到不舒服,she went to bed.6.see/ hear sb. doingkeep sb. doingDone1.The whole world was shocked at the news.2.The name mentioned in the letter wasunknown to me3.Frightened by th e noise in the night, the girl did not dare sleep in her room. Built in 1949, the exhibition hall is almost 50 years old.4. The foreigner was trying to make himself understood.The door was found _________________________锁上了She felt a bit uneasy when she heard her name __________________.提到To do//to be done//to be doing//to have done//to have been doneDoing/being done/having done//having been doneDoneI pretended to be doing his homework when my father came in.He is said to have studied abroad.The meeting to be held tomorrow is put off.Three people were reported to have been killed in the accident.据说这本书已被翻译成英语。
Having finished his homework, he went out to play.Having been taken care of well, the old man recovered soon.The joke, intended to please the guests, turned out to be quite embarrassing.He ran away,leaving me standing there without knowing what to do.To sleep late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.Sleeping late in the morning, Bob didn’t have breakfast.Seen from the hill, the city looks very beautiful.Encouraged by the teacher’s words, he is determined to work harder.Born into a poor family, he had only two years of schooling.Compared with developed countries, we still have a long way to go.不定式表意料之外的结果，现在分词表自然而然的结果。
I hurried home, only to find nobody in.He woke up, only to find himself in the hospital.Lily’s mobile phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never ____ (find) again.His father disappeared, never ___(hear) from again.His parents died early, leaving him alone. It rained non-stop for ten days, completelyruining our holidays.He was admitted to a key university this year, thus realizing his dream.Football is played in more than 80 countries, ___ (make) it one of the most popular sports in the world.1.His shoes need ______________.A. mendingB. to mendC. being mendedD. mended2.She said that she had something important _______ you.A. tellingB. to tellC. speakingD. to speak3.The little boy’s greatest w ish is _____________ a famous scientist like Albert Einstein.A. beingB. to have beenC. becomingD. to be4.They went out to play after they had finished __________ their homework.A. doingB. to doC. havingD. to have5.His father has just given up ______________.A. to smokeB. smokingC. to have smokedD. having smoked6.Peter kept on __________ questions in the physics class yesterday, but I had no more time to answer them.A. to askB. to be askedC. askingD. being asked7.I heard someone _______ downstairs last night. I didn’t know it was her.A. comeB. comingC. to comeD. having come8. James was in his usual comfortable seat, quietly ______ a cigarette.A. smokedB. smokeC. smokingD. having smoked9.He has no time to play with you. He hasbeen busy _________ for the exams.A. preparingB. to prepareC. having preparedD. to have prepared10.________ left, the policeman found the thief in the crowds.A. To turnB. TurningC. To have turnedD. Having been turned11.In the car accident, she got her leg _______________.A. breakB. to breakC. brokenD. broke12.__________ from space, the earth looks blue.A. SeeingB. LookingC. SeenD. To see13.He asked Tom to help him, for he had difficulty _______ the work himself.A. finishingB. to finishC. finishedD. to have finished14.The teacher suggested my _________ some English novels.A. to readB. readingC. to seeD. seeing15.It will take her some time __________ her classmates.A. to catch up withB. catching up withC. to catch upD. catching up16.She went to Shanghai ______ her parents.A. to seeB. seeingC. to have seenD. to be seeing17.If you want to speak English well, you must practise ________ it in everyday life.A. to useB. to be usingC. to be usedD. using18.Whenever she hears a funny story, she can’t help ____________.A. to laughB. laughedC. laughD. laughing19.The old man I saw _____ by the car isa professor.A. knockB. being knockedC. knocked d. knocking20. You can’t imagine the difficulty she had _______her children.A. brought upB. to bring upC. bringing upD. bring up1.The missing boys were last seen______________ near the river.A. playingB. to be playingC. playD. to play2.The first textbooks _________ for teaching English as a foreign language come out in the 16th century.A. having writtenB. to be writtenC. being writtenD. written3.Paul do esn’t have to be made ________. He always works hard.A. learnB. to learnC. learnedD. learning4.The patient was warned __________ only food after the operation.A. to eat notB. eat notC. not to eatD. not eating5.The Olympics Games, __________ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.A. first playingB. to be first playedC. first playedD. to be first playing6._________ a reply, he decided to writeagain.A. Not receivingB. Receiving notC. Not having receivedD. Having not received7.Most of the artists __________ to the party were from South Africa.A. invitedB. To inviteC. being invitedD. had been invited8.The boss wants the work ________ with great care.A. to doB. to have doneC. doingD. to be done9.The young driver is quite used ________ in all sorts of weather.A. to driveB. to drivenC. to drivingD. drive10.The hotel needs ______________.A. being paintedB. paintingC. to paintD. paint11. We are considering _______ a plan for the summer holidays.A. makingB. to doC. doingD. to make12. She regretted ___________ to theparty.A. having not been invitedB. not having been invitedC. not having be invitedD. not to be invited13. It is no use _____________ a lotwithout doing anything.A. talkingB. to talkC. sayD. speaking14. His parents insisted on __________ tocollege.A. he goB. he should goC. his goingD. him to go15. The old lady prefers __________ TVto going to the cinema.A. watchingB. seeingC. noticingD. to watch16. Professor Wang had us ____________composition s on Friday.A. to writeB. writtenC. writeD. writing17. The hotel ________ now beside the park was designed by a group of young men.A. being builtB. to be builtC. builtD. building18. He is too honest a boy _________ a lie.A. to tellB. not to tellC. tellingD. that tell19. ____________ the good news, we were cheerful.A. HearingB. To hearC. Having heardD. We heard20. I like stories __________ by the young writer.A. writeB. writingC. being writtenD. written20.______________ carefully, the patient left the hospital.A. Having examinedB. BeingexaminedC. ExaminingD. Having been examined22. ___________tomorrow’s lessons, I have no time to go out with you.A. Not having preparedB. Not preparingC. Not being preparedD. Prepared23. A computer does only what thinking people ____.A. have it doB. have it doneC. have done itD. having it done24. He send me an email, ____ to get further information.A. hopedB. hopingC. to hopeD. hope25. ____ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A. Being foundedB. It was foundedC. FoundedD. Founding26. Tony was very unhappy for ____ to theparty.A. having not been invitedB. not having invitedC. having not invitedD. not having been invited27. ____ from such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.A. Having sufferedB. SufferingC. To sufferD. Suffered28. ____ at the door before entering please.A. KnockedB. To knockC. KnockingD. Knock29. ____ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.A. GivingB. GiveC. GivenD. To give30. While building a tunnel through the mountains, ____.A.an underground lake was discoveredB.there was an underground lakediscoveredC.a lake was discovered undergroundD. the workers discovered an underground lake31. The research is so designed that once ____ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun32. Prices of daily goods ____ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying33. --- What’s the matter with you?--- ______ the window, my finger was cut unexpectedly.A. CleaningB. To cleanC. While cleaningD. While I was cleaning34. ____ all over the hills and around lake are wild flowers of different kinds.A. To growB. GrowingC. GrownD. Grow35. The mother asked her daughter not to delay ____ the paper.A. handing inB. to hand inC. hand inD. having handed in36. --- How did you manage to get through the examination?--- ____ very hard.A. To workB. WorkingC. By workingD. work37. --- What happened to Mr Smith early this morning?--- Oh, he was seen ____ down and the driver ___ away.A. knock; driveB. knocking; drivingC. knocked; droveD. to knock; driven38. You shouldn’t keep silent when ____.A. speakingB. spoken toC. spokenD. speaking to39. Which do you enjoy ____ your weekends, fishing or watching TV?A. spendingB. to spendC. beingspent D. spend40. ---Who gave you this message?--- A man ___ himself Mr Zhang.A. calledB. callingC. callsD. is called41. Thirteen people were reported ____ in the coal accident.A. to have been killedB. having been killedC. having killedD. to be killed42. Ten minutes has been made full ____ of ____ the problem.A. using, studyingB. use, to studyC. to use; to studyD. use; studying43. --- Who are you waiting for?--- _______ the man wounded in the left leg.A. The doctor will operate onB. The nurse to be locked afterC. The doctor to operate onD. The nurse will look after44. After half a year’s training, they weremade entirely used ____ underwater.A. to stayB. to stayingC. stayingD. stay45. ____ alone in the dark room, the little boy was so frightened as to cry.A. LeavingB. Having leftC. To be leftD. Left46. ____ time and labor, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters with only 3 fingers and a thumb.A. To saveB. SavedC. SavingD. Having saved47. ____ their service, the workers of the hotel are active in learning English.A. ImprovingB. To improveC. ImproveD. Having improved48. Mrs White found her husband surrounded by letters and papers and ____ very worried.A. lookB. looksC. lookingD. to look49. --- Do you remember ____ to Dr Green during your last visit?--- Certainly I do.A. to be introducedB. having introducedC. being introducedD. to have been introduced50. China became the 143 member of theWTO on December 11, 2001, thus____ its 15 year wish to join theglobal trade body.A. realizedB. to realizeC. having realizedD. realizing。