【真题】2015年上海交大药学院642考研真题
2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试西医综合考研真题
2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试西医综合考研真题新东方在线一.A型题：1～120题。
1～90小题，每小题1.5分；91～120小题，每小题2分，共195分。
1. 下列生理功能活动中，主要通过体液途径完成的调节是A 肢体发动随意运动B 大量出汗引起尿量减少C 食物入口引起唾液分泌D 沙尘飞入眼球引起的闭眼动作2. 当细胞膜去极化和复极化时，相关离子的跨膜转运方式是A 经载体易化扩散B 原发性主动转运C 继发性主动转运D 经通道易化扩散3. 下列情况下，明显延长神经细胞动作电位时程的是A 部分阻断钠通道B 升高细胞膜阈电位C 减小刺激的强度D部分阻断钾通道4. 下列情况下，能使红细胞渗透脆性增高的是A 血浆晶体渗透压升高B 红细胞表面积/体积比降低C 红细胞膜内磷脂/胆固醇比升高D 血浆胶体渗透压降低5. 凝血酶原酶复合物的组成是FIXa-FVIIIa-Ca-PLA 2+FXa-FVa-Ca-PLB 2+IIa-FXa-Ca-PLC 2+FIII-FVIIa-Ca-PLD 2+6. 心室功能减退病人代偿期射血分数下降的原因是A 每搏输出量减少B 心室腔异常扩大C 心肌细胞增生肥大D 每分输出量减少7. 影响血流阻力最重要的因素是A 血管口径B 血流形式C 血流速度D 血液黏度FEV）/用力肺活量（FVC）的检查结果是8. 肺纤维化病人，1秒用力呼气量（1A FEV1减少，FVC基本不变，FEV1/FVC减小B FEV1基本不变，FVC减小，FEV1/FVC增大C FEV1和FVC均减小，FEV1/FVC基本不变D FEV1和FVC均增大，FEV1/FVC基本不变9. 人在高原地区，当吸入气的氧分压大于60mmHg时，血红蛋白氧饱和度为A 60%~69%B 70%~79%C 80%~89%D 90%~99%10. 实验切断家兔双侧颈迷走神经后，呼吸运动的改变是A 呼吸幅度减小，频率减慢B 呼吸幅度增大，频率加快C 呼吸幅度减小，频率加快D 呼吸幅度增大，频率减慢11. 进食引起胃容受性舒张的支配神经是A 交感神经胆碱能纤维B 迷走神经胆碱能纤维C 迷走神经肽能纤维D 交感神经肾上腺素能纤维12. 在胰脂肪酶消化脂肪的过程中，辅脂酶起的作用是A 将胰脂肪酶原转变为胰脂肪酶B 防止胰脂肪酶从脂滴表面被清除C 促进胰腺细胞分泌大量胰脂肪酶D 提高胰脂肪酶对脂肪的酶解速度13. 下列物质中，主要在回肠被吸收的是FeA 2B 胆固醇BC 维生素12CaD 2+14. 下列关于体温正常变动的叙述，正确的是A 体温的昼夜变化可超过1℃B 成年女性的提问平均高于男性0.3℃C 育龄期女性基础体温以排卵日为最高D 通常成年人体温高于儿童15. 在肾小球滤过膜中起机械屏障作用的主要结构是A 毛细血管内皮细胞B 肾小囊脏层上皮细胞C 肾小囊脏层足细胞足突裂隙膜D 毛细血管内皮下基膜H的描述，正确的是16. 下列关于肾近端小管分泌+A 主要依靠管腔膜上的质子泵转运Na无关B 与上皮细胞重吸收+H中起重要作用C 碳酸酐酶在泌+NH相互抑制D 与上皮细胞分泌317. 静脉推注少量高浓度葡萄糖时出现尿量增多的原因是A 肾小球滤过率升高B 血浆胶体渗透压下降C 肾血流量增多D 肾小管液溶质浓度升高18.在设计视力表时，考虑判断人眼视力高低的标准是A 人眼所能看清楚的物体大小B 视网膜中央凹处最小的清晰像大小C视网膜中央凹以外最小的清晰像大小D 人眼所能看清楚物体的距离19.电突触传递的一般特点是A 单向，低电阻，快速B单向，高电阻，慢速C双向，低电阻，快速D 双向，高电阻，慢速20.查体巴宾斯基征阳性提示皮层脊髓侧束损伤的条件是A 婴儿在清醒状态下B 成人在熟睡状态下C成人在麻醉状态下D成人在清醒状态下21.在甲状腺激素合成中，不需要甲状腺过氧化物酶催化的过程是A 滤泡聚碘B 碘的活化C酪氨酸碘化D碘化酪氨酸缩合22.机体在遇到环境因素紧急变化时，即刻被调动的系统是A迷走-胰岛系统B 交感-肾上腺髓质系统C 下丘脑-神经垂体系统D 肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统23.通过旁分泌的方式抑制胰岛素分泌的激素是A 抑胃肽B 肾上腺素C 生长抑素D 胰高血糖素24.孕激素对子宫的生理作用是A 促进子宫内膜增厚和分泌B 提高子宫平滑肌的兴奋性C 提高子宫肌对缩宫素的敏感性D 促进子宫颈分泌黏液25.使血清白蛋白（pI 为4.7）带正电荷的溶液PH 值是A 4.0B 5.0C 6.0D 7.026.能使外源性侵入基因表达的mRNA 降解的核酸是A snRNAB hnRNAC siRNAD scRNA27.酶促动力学特点为表现m K 值不变，max V 降低，其抑制作用属于A 竞争性抑制B 非竞争性抑制C 反竞争性抑制D 不可逆抑制28.下列维生素中，其衍生物参与形成丙酮酸脱氢酶复合体的是A 磷酸吡哆醛B 生物素C 也算D 泛酸29. 体内提供NADPH的主要代谢途径是A 糖酵解途径B磷酸戊糖途径C 糖的有氧氧化D 糖异生30.下列磷脂中，合成代谢过程需进行甲基化的是A 磷脂酰乙醇胺B 磷脂酰胆碱C 磷脂酰丝氨酸D 磷脂酸31.可被巨噬细胞和血管内皮细胞吞噬和清除的脂蛋白是A LDLB VLDLC CMD HDL32.氧化磷酸化抑制剂鱼藤酮存在时，1分子琥珀酸经呼吸链传递生成的ATP数是A 0B 1C 1.5D 2.533.在尿素生成过程中，直接提供氨基的氨基酸是A 天冬氨酸B 谷氨酸C 精氨酸D 鸟氨酸34.嘌呤核苷酸从头合成时首先生成的核苷酸中间产物是A UMPB GMPC AMPD IMP35.参与维持DNA复制保真性的因素是A 密码的简并性B DNA的SOS修复C DNA聚合酶的核酸外切酶活性D氨基酰tRNA合成酶对氨基酸的高度特异性36、原核生物转录起始点上游-10区的一致性序列是A Pribnow盒B GC盒C UAAD TTA TTT37、镰刀形红细胞贫血患者血红蛋白β基因链上CTC转变成CAC，这种突变是A 移码突变B 错义突变C 无义突变D 同义突变38、原核生物乳糖操纵子受CAP调节，结合并活化CAP的分子是A 阻遏蛋白B RNA聚合酶C cAMPD cGMP39、下列蛋白质中，属于小G蛋白的是A异三聚体G蛋白B Grb2C.MAPKD.Ras40.胆固醇在体内的主要代谢去路是A.合成初级胆汁酸B.直接排出体外C.转化为类固醇激素D.转化为维生素D3的前体41.男性，25岁。
上海交通大学药学院641化学、药学基础历年考研真题专业课考试试题
目 录
2012年上海交通大学641化学、药学基础考研真题（回忆版）
2014年上海交通大学641化学、药学基础考研真题（回忆版）
2016年上海交通大学641化学、药学基础真题（回忆版，不完整）2018年上海交通大学641化学、药学基础真题（回忆版，非常不完整）
2012年上海交通大学641化学、药
学基础考研真题（回忆版）
分3部分，有机化学200分必做，分析化学和物理化学都是100分，任选一门共300分，
有机化学
一、完成反应方程式（10道，一道4分）
考点涉及：立体化学；高锰酸钾氧化烯烃；酰基叠氮化物霍夫曼重排。
二、机理（2道，一道20分）
1酰氯与胺生成酰胺。
2经过一个苯炔中间体。
三、推断（2道，一道20分）
1核磁共振波谱
2普通有机化学推断，波谱部分较难。
四、合成（3道，共80分）
1在环己烷甲酸α位上构造双键。
2分别合成Z型和E型的3-己烯，原料忘了。
3略
分析化学
一、选择题（10道，一道2分）
略
二、填空题（20分）
略
三、计算题（4道，一道10分）
1某硅酸盐0.6000克，其中钠钾转化为氯化物0.1800克，其中钾转化为K2PtCl6沉淀，处理后重0.2700g，求Na2O和K2O的质量分数。
上海交大历年考研真题
同学，你好！如果你打算考上海交大，那么请你花几分钟看下这份文档，这将改变你的一生！本人为交大在校学生，以下资料都是自己历年来在交大收集的第一手资料，全都出自于历届学长学姐，本人花高价收购而来！虽然市面上还有很多人可提供这些科目资料，但他们很多人本身就不是来自交大，对交考研根本不了解。
当然其中也有一些来自交大，但他们大都离开交大好几年了，交大自07年开始考研就已经改革，而他们提供的一些资料早已不适合现今交大的考研。
考研不同于高考，高考科目全部都是统编，但考研专业课的考试确实一门很大的学问，我这的资料很多都来自官方版权威的资料（网上很多电子其实都是照片，而且真题答案都是请人做的，不少答案都是错的，而我这边的材料都来自往年交大自己办考研班的时候发的资料，绝对权威），还有一部分是从历届学长学姐那收购而来，如果有必要我可以帮你找学长和你交流，最主要的是可以为你提供交大考研专业课的信息，这样就可以使你和交大的学生站在同一起跑线上，不会输在专业课的起跑线上，相对于别的同学外校考研，那你就更有优势了！考研也是一种投资，投资好了，你就会得到相当大的回报，可能你会觉花钱就会觉得不值，但当你以一两分的优势就力压群雄的话，那时你就会发现发这份钱很值了，考研每一分都对你很重要，而我所希望做的就是让你专业课的起点至少和交大本部学生一样高，绝不让考研输在专业课上！现在我已经可以提供以下科目资料，如果这下面有你要报考的专业的话，无疑这对你来说是一个最大的喜讯！如果你需要这些资料，请联系yangweitu@或QQ1449791880或上海交大考研淘宝店/!资料还是实时更新中，如果这里没有你想要的资料，也可来邮询问是否已经收集到你想要的资料！●上海交通大学<经济学>考研专业课资料（代码841）●上海交通大学/上海交大<金融学844>历年考研真题和辅导资料最近和一些同学接触后，让我感觉我很有必要写出如下这段话，如果大家有时间的话，就看看吧！大家都是怀揣梦想的有志者，都希望都过各种渠道获得最多最好的专业课资料，但这个市场鱼龙混杂，资料质量参差不齐，一份好的资料可以助你一臂之力，但一份差的资料也有可能影响你的一生。
2018年上海交通大学641化学、药学基础真题(回忆版,不完整)【圣才出品】
2018年上海交通大学641化学、药学基础真题（回忆版，不完整）
有机化学
考试题型包括：反应题（10道）、机理（5道）、合成（6道）、简答（3道）、结构推断（2道），具体内容略。
分析化学
今年不考选择题和填空题
一、简答题
1．金属指示剂的原理和特点。
2．精密度准确度的区别和特点。
3．pH玻璃电极的原理。
4．简述分析化学在药物研发过程中的作用。
二、计算题
考点涉及：滴定；色谱的内标法计算。
物理化学
一、选择题（5道）
略
二、计算题（3道）
1．给出一组血药浓度数据，计算反应级数、速率常数、半衰期以及还有多久注射第二针？
2．应用阿伦尼乌斯公式，计算活化能速率常数。
3．应用稀溶液依数性，计算渗透压
4．应用稀溶液依数性，计算沸点和凝固点变化。
三、论述题
论述物理化学与医药行业的关系。
2015年西医综合考研真题与答案
2015年考研西医综合真题与答案一.A型题：1～120题。
1～90小题，每小题1.5分;91～120小题，每小题2分，共195分。
1.下列生理功能活动中，主要通过体液途径完成的调节是A肢体发动随意运动B大量出汗引起尿量减少C食物入口引起唾液分泌D沙尘飞入眼球引起的闭眼动作2.当细胞膜去极化和复极化时，相关离子的跨膜转运方式是A经载体易化扩散B原发性主动转运C继发性主动转运D经通道易化扩散3.下列情况下，明显延长神经细胞动作电位时程的是A部分阻断钠通道B升高细胞膜阈电位C减小刺激的强度D部分阻断钾通道4.下列情况下，能使红细胞渗透脆性增高的是A血浆晶体渗透压升高B红细胞表面积/体积比降低C红细胞膜内磷脂/胆固醇比升高D血浆胶体渗透压降低5.凝血酶原酶复合物的组成是A.FIXa-FVIIIa-Ca2+-PLB.FXa-FVa-Ca2+-PLC. IIa-FXa-Ca2+-PLD.FIII-FVIIa-Ca2+-PL6.心室功能减退病人代偿期射血分数下降的原因是A每搏输出量减少B心室腔异常扩大C心肌细胞增生肥大D每分输出量减少7.影响血流阻力最重要的因素是A血管口径B血流形式C血流速度D血液黏度8.肺纤维化病人，1秒用力呼气量(FEV1)/用力肺活量(FVC)的检查结果是A FEV1减少，FVC基本不变，FEV1/FVC减小B FEV1基本不变，FVC减小，FEV1/FVC增大C FEV1和FVC均减小，FEV1/FVC基本不变D FEV1和FVC均增大，FEV1/FVC基本不变9.人在高原地区，当吸入气的氧分压大于60mmHg时，血红蛋白氧饱和度为A 60%~69%B 70%~79%C 80%~89%D 90%~99%10.实验切断家兔双侧颈迷走神经后，呼吸运动的改变是A呼吸幅度减小，频率减慢B呼吸幅度增大，频率加快C呼吸幅度减小，频率加快D呼吸幅度增大，频率减慢11.进食引起胃容受性舒张的支配神经是A交感神经胆碱能纤维B迷走神经胆碱能纤维C迷走神经肽能纤维D交感神经肾上腺素能纤维12.在胰脂肪酶消化脂肪的过程中，辅脂酶起的作用是A将胰脂肪酶原转变为胰脂肪酶B防止胰脂肪酶从脂滴表面被清除C促进胰腺细胞分泌大量胰脂肪酶D提高胰脂肪酶对脂肪的酶解速度13.下列物质中，主要在回肠被吸收的是A Fe2+B 胆固醇C 维生素B12D Ca2+TREY – 2015 – 14.下列关于体温正常变动的叙述，正确的是A体温的昼夜变化可超过1℃B成年女性的提问平均高于男性0.3℃C育龄期女性基础体温以排卵日为最高D通常成年人体温高于儿童15.在肾小球滤过膜中起机械屏障作用的主要结构是A毛细血管内皮细胞B肾小囊脏层上皮细胞C肾小囊脏层足细胞足突裂隙膜D毛细血管内皮下基膜16.下列关于肾近端小管分泌H+的描述，正确的是A 主要依靠管腔膜上的质子泵转运B 与上皮细胞重吸收Na+无关C 碳酸酐酶在泌H+中起重要作用D 与上皮细胞分泌NH3相互抑制17.静脉推注少量高浓度葡萄糖时出现尿量增多的原因是A肾小球滤过率升高B血浆胶体渗透压下降C肾血流量增多D肾小管液溶质浓度升高18.在设计视力表时，考虑判断人眼视力高低的标准是A人眼所能看清楚的物体大小B视网膜中央凹处最小的清晰像大小C视网膜中央凹以外最小的清晰像大小D人眼所能看清楚物体的距离19.电突触传递的一般特点是A单向，低电阻，快速B单向，高电阻，慢速C双向，低电阻，快速D双向，高电阻，慢速20.查体巴宾斯基征阳性提示皮层脊髓侧束损伤的条件是A婴儿在清醒状态下B成人在熟睡状态下C成人在麻醉状态下D成人在清醒状态下21.在甲状腺激素合成中，不需要甲状腺过氧化物酶催化的过程是A滤泡聚碘B碘的活化C酪氨酸碘化D碘化酪氨酸缩合22.机体在遇到环境因素紧急变化时，即刻被调动的系统是A迷走-胰岛系统B交感-肾上腺髓质系统C下丘脑-神经垂体系统D肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统23.通过旁分泌的方式抑制胰岛素分泌的激素是A抑胃肽B肾上腺素C生长抑素D胰高血糖素24.孕激素对子宫的生理作用是A促进子宫内膜增厚和分泌B提高子宫平滑肌的兴奋性C提高子宫肌对缩宫素的敏感性D促进子宫颈分泌黏液25.使血清白蛋白(pI为4.7)带正电荷的溶液PH值是A 4.0B 5.0C 6.0D 7.026.能使外源性侵入基因表达的mRNA降解的核酸是A snRNAB hnRNAC siRNAD scRNA27.酶促动力学特点为表现Km值不变，Vmax降低，其抑制作用属于A竞争性抑制B非竞争性抑制C反竞争性抑制D不可逆抑制28.下列维生素中，其衍生物参与形成丙酮酸脱氢酶复合体的是A磷酸吡哆醛B生物素C也算D泛酸29.体内提供NADPH的主要代谢途径是A糖酵解途径B磷酸戊糖途径C糖的有氧氧化D糖异生30.下列磷脂中，合成代谢过程需进行甲基化的是A磷脂酰乙醇胺B磷脂酰胆碱C磷脂酰丝氨酸D磷脂酸31.可被巨噬细胞和血管内皮细胞吞噬和清除的脂蛋白是A LDLB VLDLC CMDHDL32.氧化磷酸化抑制剂鱼藤酮存在时，1分子琥珀酸经呼吸链传递生成的ATP数是A 0B 1C 1.5D 2.533.在尿素生成过程中，直接提供氨基的氨基酸是A天冬氨酸B谷氨酸C精氨酸D鸟氨酸34.嘌呤核苷酸从头合成时首先生成的核苷酸中间产物是A UMPB GMPC AMPD IMP35.参与维持DNA复制保真性的因素是A密码的简并性B DNA的SOS修复C DNA聚合酶的核酸外切酶活性D氨基酰tRNA合成酶对氨基酸的高度特异性36、原核生物转录起始点上游-10区的一致性序列是A Pribnow盒B GC盒C UAAD TTATTT37、镰刀形红细胞贫血患者血红蛋白β基因链上CTC转变成CAC，这种突变是A移码突变B错义突变C无义突变D同义突变38、原核生物乳糖操纵子受CAP调节，结合并活化CAP的分子是A阻遏蛋白B RNA聚合酶C cAMPD cGMP39、下列蛋白质中，属于小G蛋白的是A异三聚体G蛋白B Grb2C.MAPKD.Ras40.胆固醇在体内的主要代谢去路是A.合成初级胆汁酸B.直接排出体外C.转化为类固醇激素D.转化为维生素D3的前体41.男性，25岁。
2015年考研英语真题及答案
2015年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as “related”as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_.While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_”functional Kinship” of being friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.The findi ngs do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was takento_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by4. [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected5. [A] tests [B] s [C]samples [D] examples6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know8. [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps11. [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like12. [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with14. [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits15. [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier16. [A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express17. [A] unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive18. [A] endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency19. [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic20. [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tellSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they dare in their sleep.”But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere”politics and “embody”a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’continuing popularity polarized. And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today –embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service – as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to knowthat as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy’s worst enemies.21. According to the first two Paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain[A] used turn enjoy high public support[B] was unpopular among European royals[C] cased his relationship with his rivals[D]ended his reign in embarrassment22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality[C] to give voter more public figures to look up to[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?[A] Aristocrats’excessive reliance on inherited wealth[B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families[D]The nobil ity’s adherence to their privileges24. The British royals “have most to fear”because Charles[A] takes a rough line on political issues[B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised[C] takes republicans as his potential allies[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined[B] Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne[C] Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs[D]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsTEXT 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Cpurt will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone- a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspect’s purse .The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or porcketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee’s reading history ,financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing.” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26. The Supreme court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to[A] search for suspects’mobile phones without a warrant.[B] check suspects’phone contents without being authorized.[C] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.[D] prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27. The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of[A] tolerance.[B] indifference.[C] disapproval.[D] cautiousness.28. The author believes that exploring one’s phone content is comparable to[A] getting into one’s residence.[B] handing one’s historical records.[C] scanning one’s correspondences.[D] going through one’s wallet.29. In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.[B] the court is giving police less room for action.[C] phones are used to store sensitive information.[D] citizens’privacy is not effective protected.30.Orin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that(A)the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.(B)New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.(C)California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution.(D)Principles of the Constitution should never be altered.Text 3The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,”writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors (SBoRE). Manu will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manus.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increaserepro ducibility in the research we publish.”Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role.”He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.”31、It can be learned from Paragraph I that[A] Science intends to simplify its peer-review process.[B]journals are strengthening their statistical checks.[C]few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[D]lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32、The phrase “flagged up ”(Para.2)is the closest in meaning to[A]found.[B]revised.[C]marked[D]stored33、Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may[A]pose a threat to all its peers[B]meet with strong opposition[C]increase Science’s circulation.[D]set an example for other journals34、David Vaux holds that what Science is doing nowA. adds to researchers’worklosd.B. diminishes the role of reviewers.C. has room for further improvement.D. is to fail in the foreseeable future.35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?A. Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in PapersB. Professional Statisticians Deserve More RespectC. Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Ed itors’DesksD. Statisticians Are Coming Back with ScienceText 4Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch’s daughter ,Elisabeth ,spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of ourinstitutions”Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of aco llective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism ”in society should be profit and the market .But “it’s us ,human beings ,we the people who create the society we want ,not profit ”.Driving her point home, she continued: “It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous foals for capitalism and freedom.”This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International ,shield thought ,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking .As the hacking trial concludes –finding guilty ones-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones ,and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge –the winder issue of dearth of integrity still standstill, Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people .This is hacking on an industrial scale ,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place .One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wow the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.In today’s world, title has become normal that well—paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business–friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers.36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism[B] companies’financial loss due to immoral pra ctices.[C] governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.[D]the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that[A] Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime[B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.[C] Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.[D] phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.38. The author believes the Rebekah Books’s deference[A] revealed a cunning personality[B] centered on trivial issues[C] was hardly convincing[D] was part of a conspiracy39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows[A] generally distorted values[B] unfair wealth distribution[C] a marginalized lifestyle[D] a rigid moral cote40. Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?[A] The quality of writing is of primary importance.[B] Common humanity is central news reporting.[C] Moral awareness matters in exciting a newspaper.[D] Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.Part BDirectionsIn the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks .Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them drawing on your implicit knowledge of English grammar.(41)________You begin to infer a context for the text, for instance, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved. Who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of comprehension. But they show comprehension to consist not just of passive assimilation but of active engagement in inference and problem-solving. You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and clues.(42)_________Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or "true" meaning that can be read off and checked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of text to the world.(43)_________Such background material inevitably reflects who we are.(44)_______This doesn`t, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page--including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns--debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it,(45)________Such dimensions of reading suggest-as others introduced later in the book will also do-that we bring an implicit(often unacknowledged)agenda to any act of reading. It doesn`t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different minds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for andcounterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy, or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfills the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.[B] Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading ,our gender, ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretations but at the same time obscure or even close off others.[C] If you unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the context. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.[D] In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended.[E] You make further inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America. 46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen,Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.48) But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.“To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief.”said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagu es’distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.”The colonists’first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.Section IV WritingPart A51. Directions:You are going to host a club reading session. Write an email of about 100 words recommending a book to the club members.You should state reasons for your recommendation.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2015年参考答案一.Close test1、What2、Concluded3、On4、Compared5、Samples6、Insignificant7、Know8、Resemble9、Also10、Perhaps11、To12、Drive13、Ratherthan14、Benefits15、Faster16、understand17、Contributory18、Tendency19、Ethnic20、seeII Reading comprehensionPart AText 121. C ended his regin in embarrassment22. A owing to their undoubted and respectable status23. C the role of the nobility in modern democracy24. D fails to adapt himsself to his future role25. B Carlos, a lesson for all European Monarchies Text 226. B check suspect's phone contents without being authorized.27.C disapproval28.A getting into one's residence29. D citizens' privacy is not effectively protected30.B new technology requires reinterpretation of the constitution Text 331.B journals are strengthening their statistical checks32.C marked33. D set an example for other journals34. C has room for further improvement35.A science joins Push to screen statistics in papersText 436. A the consequences of the current sorting mechanism37. B more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking38. C was hardly convincing39. A generally distorted values40. C moral awareness matters in editing a newspaperPart B41.C if you are unfamiliar...42.E you make further inferences...43.D Rather ,we ascribe meanings to...44.B factors such as...45.A are we studying that ...Part C46)在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次运动在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，其本身塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。
上海交大考研英语真题
上海交大考研英语真题Since its establishment in 1896, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) has been at the forefront of higher education in China. As one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in the country, SJTU attracts thousands of students each year, with many aspiring to pursue postgraduate studies. One of the crucial aspects of the postgraduate admissions process is the English language examination, which tests the applicants' proficiency in reading, writing, listening, and speaking. In this article, we will explore the SJTU postgraduate English exam, its format, and some tips for success.The SJTU postgraduate English exam is designed to evaluate the applicants' English language abilities and determine their suitability for postgraduate studies. The exam consists of four sections: reading comprehension, listening comprehension, writing, and oral examination. Each section assesses different skills and requires a specific approach for effective performance.The reading comprehension section is designed to assess the applicants' ability to understand and analyze academic texts. It includes multiple-choice questions, where candidates must choose the correct answer based on their understanding of the given passage. To excel in this section, it is essential to develop excellent reading skills, such as skimming and scanning, and to pay attention to key details and main ideas.The listening comprehension section evaluates the applicants' ability to comprehend spoken English in various academic contexts. It includes multiple-choice questions, where candidates listen to audio clips and must select the correct answer based on what they hear. To succeed in this section,it is crucial to practice listening to a wide range of English speakers, such as TED Talks, podcasts, and academic lectures, to become accustomed to different accents and speech patterns.The writing section requires candidates to express their ideas clearly and concisely in written form. It typically includes tasks such as summarizing a given passage, writing an argumentative essay, or analyzing a given topic. To excel in this section, candidates must develop strong writing skills, such as organizing their ideas effectively, using appropriate vocabulary and grammar, and presenting a coherent and well-structured piece of writing.The oral examination section assesses the applicants' ability to communicate effectively and fluently in English. It typically includes tasks such as giving a presentation on an assigned topic, engaging in a discussion or debate, or answering interview-style questions. To succeed in this section, candidates must practice speaking English regularly, improve their pronunciation and intonation, and be confident in expressing their thoughts and opinions.In addition to understanding the format of the SJTU postgraduate English exam, it is essential for applicants to prepare thoroughly to maximize their chances of success. Here are some tips to help candidates prepare effectively:1. Start Early: Give yourself enough time to prepare for the exam. Begin practicing as soon as possible to improve your skills gradually.2. Take Practice Tests: Familiarize yourself with the exam format by taking practice tests. This will help you understand the types of questions and tasks you will encounter, as well as identify areas for improvement.3. Develop a Study Plan: Create a study plan and stick to it. Allocate specific time slots for each section of the exam and focus on improving your weaknesses while maintaining your strengths.4. Expand Your Vocabulary: Enhance your vocabulary by reading extensively. Read a variety of texts, including newspapers, magazines, academic articles, and novels, to expose yourself to different writing styles and vocabulary.5. Seek Feedback: Practice your writing and speaking skills regularly and ask for feedback from teachers, peers, or English language professionals. This will help you identify areas for improvement and refine your language abilities.6. Stay Calm and Confident: On the day of the exam, stay calm and confident. Take deep breaths, read the instructions carefully, and approach each section with a positive mindset.In conclusion, the SJTU postgraduate English exam plays a vital role in the admissions process for aspiring postgraduate students. By understanding the exam format and preparing effectively, candidates can increase their chances of success and pave the way for their academic journey at Shanghai Jiao Tong University.。
上海交大生化考研真题
上海交大生化考研真题哎呀，一提到上海交大生化考研真题，那可真是让众多考研学子又爱又恨呀！记得我之前带过一个学生，叫小李。
这孩子特别努力，一心就想考进上海交大的生化专业。
每天早早地就起来背知识点，晚上还在实验室里埋头苦干。
咱们先来说说这真题的题型吧，那真是五花八门，啥都有！有选择、填空、简答，还有论述。
就拿选择题来说，那可真是考验你的基础知识扎不扎实。
比如说，会问你某个生化反应的关键酶是什么，或者是某种物质在细胞中的作用机制。
这可容不得你有半点马虎，一个不小心，分就没了。
填空题呢，那更是抠细节。
像是一些具体的数值、化学结构的名称，你要是没记住，那只能干瞪眼。
记得有一年的真题，问了一个关于氨基酸的等电点的具体数值，这可把不少同学给难住了。
简答题就更不用说了，那得让你把一个复杂的生化概念解释得明明白白。
比如说，让你阐述一下 DNA 复制的过程和机制，这不仅要求你知道个大概，还得把每一个步骤、每一种酶的作用都讲清楚。
论述题那才是真正的大BOSS！它会给你一个实际的科研问题或者是一个热点的生化领域话题，让你展开论述，展示你综合运用知识的能力和对前沿研究的了解。
小李在做真题的时候，就经常被论述题难住。
有一次，他做到一道关于基因编辑技术在疾病治疗中的应用和潜在风险的论述题，抓耳挠腮半天也没写出个所以然来。
后来，我们一起查阅了大量的文献资料，还请教了专业的老师，才算是把这个问题搞清楚。
再说这真题的覆盖范围，那是从生物大分子的结构与功能，到细胞代谢、遗传信息的传递与表达，再到分子生物学技术，几乎无所不包。
这就要求考生们得有一个全面系统的知识体系，不能有任何的漏洞。
做真题的过程中，总结归纳也是非常重要的。
你得把做错的题目整理出来，分析原因，找出自己的薄弱环节，然后有针对性地进行复习。
小李就有一个专门的错题本，上面密密麻麻地写满了他的错题和分析，每次复习的时候都会拿出来看一看。
总之，上海交大生化考研真题可不是那么好对付的。
(整理)考研西医专业课综合真题.
2015考研西医专业课综合真题2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试西医综合考研真题一.A型题：1～120题。
1～90小题，每小题1.5分;91～120小题，每小题2分，共195分。
1. 下列生理功能活动中，主要通过体液途径完成的调节是A 肢体发动随意运动B 大量出汗引起尿量减少C 食物入口引起唾液分泌D 沙尘飞入眼球引起的闭眼动作2. 当细胞膜去极化和复极化时，相关离子的跨膜转运方式是A 经载体易化扩散B 原发性主动转运C 继发性主动转运D 经通道易化扩散3. 下列情况下，明显延长神经细胞动作电位时程的是A 部分阻断钠通道B 升高细胞膜阈电位C 减小刺激的强度D部分阻断钾通道4. 下列情况下，能使红细胞渗透脆性增高的是A 血浆晶体渗透压升高B 红细胞表面积/体积比降低C 红细胞膜内磷脂/胆固醇比升高D 血浆胶体渗透压降低5. 凝血酶原酶复合物的组成是6. 心室功能减退病人代偿期射血分数下降的原因是A 每搏输出量减少B 心室腔异常扩大C 心肌细胞增生肥大D 每分输出量减少7. 影响血流阻力最重要的因素是A 血管口径B 血流形式C 血流速度D 血液黏度8. 肺纤维化病人，1秒用力呼气量()/用力肺活量()的检查结果是A FEV1减少，FVC基本不变，FEV1/FVC减小B FEV1基本不变，FVC减小，FEV1/FVC增大C FEV1和FVC均减小，FEV1/FVC基本不变D FEV1和FVC均增大，FEV1/FVC基本不变9. 人在高原地区，当吸入气的氧分压大于60mmHg时，血红蛋白氧饱和度为A 60%~69%B 70%~79%C 80%~89%D 90%~99%10. 实验切断家兔双侧颈迷走神经后，呼吸运动的改变是A 呼吸幅度减小，频率减慢B 呼吸幅度增大，频率加快C 呼吸幅度减小，频率加快D 呼吸幅度增大，频率减慢11. 进食引起胃容受性舒张的支配神经是A 交感神经胆碱能纤维B 迷走神经胆碱能纤维C 迷走神经肽能纤维D 交感神经肾上腺素能纤维12. 在胰脂肪酶消化脂肪的过程中，辅脂酶起的作用是A 将胰脂肪酶原转变为胰脂肪酶B 防止胰脂肪酶从脂滴表面被清除C 促进胰腺细胞分泌大量胰脂肪酶D 提高胰脂肪酶对脂肪的酶解速度13. 下列物质中，主要在回肠被吸收的是14. 下列关于体温正常变动的叙述，正确的是A 体温的昼夜变化可超过1℃B 成年女性的提问平均高于男性0.3℃C 育龄期女性基础体温以排卵日为最高D 通常成年人体温高于儿童15. 在肾小球滤过膜中起机械屏障作用的主要结构是A 毛细血管内皮细胞B 肾小囊脏层上皮细胞C 肾小囊脏层足细胞足突裂隙膜D 毛细血管内皮下基膜16. 下列关于肾近端小管分泌的描述，正确的是A 主要依靠管腔膜上的质子泵转运B 与上皮细胞重吸收无关C 碳酸酐酶在泌中起重要作用D 与上皮细胞分泌相互抑制17. 静脉推注少量高浓度葡萄糖时出现尿量增多的原因是A 肾小球滤过率升高B 血浆胶体渗透压下降C 肾血流量增多D 肾小管液溶质浓度升高18.在设计视力表时，考虑判断人眼视力高低的标准是A 人眼所能看清楚的物体大小B 视网膜中央凹处最小的清晰像大小C视网膜中央凹以外最小的清晰像大小D 人眼所能看清楚物体的距离19.电突触传递的一般特点是A 单向，低电阻，快速B单向，高电阻，慢速C双向，低电阻，快速D 双向，高电阻，慢速20.查体巴宾斯基征阳性提示皮层脊髓侧束损伤的条件是A 婴儿在清醒状态下B 成人在熟睡状态下C成人在麻醉状态下D成人在清醒状态下21.在甲状腺激素合成中，不需要甲状腺过氧化物酶催化的过程是A 滤泡聚碘B 碘的活化C酪氨酸碘化D碘化酪氨酸缩合22.机体在遇到环境因素紧急变化时，即刻被调动的系统是A迷走-胰岛系统B 交感-肾上腺髓质系统C 下丘脑-神经垂体系统D 肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统23.通过旁分泌的方式抑制胰岛素分泌的激素是A 抑胃肽B 肾上腺素C 生长抑素D 胰高血糖素24.孕激素对子宫的生理作用是A 促进子宫内膜增厚和分泌B 提高子宫平滑肌的兴奋性C 提高子宫肌对缩宫素的敏感性D 促进子宫颈分泌黏液25.使血清白蛋白(pI为4.7)带正电荷的溶液PH值是A 4.0B 5.0C 6.0D 7.026.能使外源性侵入基因表达的mRNA降解的核酸是A snRNAB hnRNAC siRNAD scRNA27.酶促动力学特点为表现值不变，降低，其抑制作用属于A 竞争性抑制B 非竞争性抑制C 反竞争性抑制D 不可逆抑制28.下列维生素中，其衍生物参与形成丙酮酸脱氢酶复合体的是A 磷酸吡哆醛B 生物素C 也算D 泛酸29. 体内提供NADPH的主要代谢途径是A 糖酵解途径B磷酸戊糖途径C 糖的有氧氧化D 糖异生30.下列磷脂中，合成代谢过程需进行甲基化的是A 磷脂酰乙醇胺B 磷脂酰胆碱C 磷脂酰丝氨酸D 磷脂酸31.可被巨噬细胞和血管内皮细胞吞噬和清除的脂蛋白是A LDLB VLDLC CMD HDL32.氧化磷酸化抑制剂鱼藤酮存在时，1分子琥珀酸经呼吸链传递生成的ATP数是A 0B 1C 1.5D 2.533.在尿素生成过程中，直接提供氨基的氨基酸是A 天冬氨酸B 谷氨酸C 精氨酸D 鸟氨酸34.嘌呤核苷酸从头合成时首先生成的核苷酸中间产物是A UMPB GMPC AMPD IMP35.参与维持DNA复制保真性的因素是A 密码的简并性B DNA的SOS修复C DNA聚合酶的核酸外切酶活性D氨基酰tRNA合成酶对氨基酸的高度特异性36、原核生物转录起始点上游-10区的一致性序列是A Pribnow盒B GC盒C UAAD TTATTT37、镰刀形红细胞贫血患者血红蛋白β基因链上CTC转变成CAC，这种突变是A 移码突变B 错义突变C 无义突变D 同义突变38、原核生物乳糖操纵子受CAP调节，结合并活化CAP的分子是A 阻遏蛋白B RNA聚合酶C cAMPD cGMP39、下列蛋白质中，属于小G蛋白的是A异三聚体G蛋白B Grb2C.MAPKD.Ras40.胆固醇在体内的主要代谢去路是A.合成初级胆汁酸B.直接排出体外C.转化为类固醇激素D.转化为维生素D3的前体41.男性，25岁。
2015年上海考研西医考试真题卷(3)
2015年上海考研西医考试真题卷（3）•本卷共分为2大题50小题，作答时刻为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。
一、单项选择题（共25题，每题2分。
每题的备选项中，只要一个最契合题意）1.肾病综合征运用强的松医治成功的关键是A．合用抗生素B．激素初用剂量大，阶段长，停药需慢C．合用血管严重素转化酶按捺剂(ACE类药物D．加用利尿剂E．合用环磷酰胺参考答案：B2.下列结构中，不归于前庭器官的是A．前庭阶B．球囊C．椭圆囊D．半规管E．壶腹嵴参考答案：A3.术前惯例禁食的首要意图是A．避免术后肠麻木B．避免围手术期的吐逆及误吸C．避免术后腹胀D．避免胃胀大而阻碍手术E．避免术后便秘参考答案：B4.最常见肉眼血尿重复发生的肾小球疾病是A．急性链球菌感染后肾小球肾炎B．糖尿病肾病C．急进性肾小球肾炎D．ISA肾病E．狼疮性肾炎参考答案：D5.女人，21岁，因急性阑尾炎阑尾穿孔行急诊阑尾切除术。
术后第5天，体温重又升高至38.7℃，伴下腹部坠胀、里急后重，排黏液样稀便3～4次。
肛门指诊在直肠前壁触痛显着、部分丰满。
此患者应确诊为A．阑尾残端炎B．盆腔脓肿C．膈下脓肿D．急性菌痢E．肠系膜淋巴结炎参考答案：B6.大便时排出鲜血，肉眼见血与便不混，大便成形。
应首选的查看是A．纤维结肠镜B．肛门直肠指检及直肠镜查看C．乙状结肠镜D．大便惯例镜检E．钡灌肠参考答案：B7.男性，15岁，因肾病综合征住院，肾安排活检示免疫病理阴性，电镜下有广泛的肾小球脏层上皮细胞足突交融，最或许的病理类型是A．系膜毛细血管性肾小球肾炎B．膜性肾病C．细小病变型肾病D．系膜增生性肾小球肾炎E．局灶性节段性肾小球硬化参考答案：C8.下列防备术后肺不张的办法中，过错的是A．术前训练深呼吸B．防备吐逆物吸人C．急性呼吸道感染患者应先操控感染再手术D．前期运用镇咳药操控咳嗽E．吸烟者应术前2周禁烟参考答案：D9.关于水的重吸收，下列哪项是过错的A．肾小管和调集管对水的总重吸收率约为99% B．近球小管对水的重吸收与体内是否缺水无关C．近球小管重吸收65%～70%D．近球小管对水的重吸收受ADH的影响E．远曲小管和调集管对水的重吸收量直承受ADH的影响参考答案：D10.不契合急性细菌性心内膜炎的是A．可引起乳头肌开裂B．常伴有败血症C．发生于已有病变的心瓣膜D．瓣膜赘生物体积大、污秽、易掉落E．引起心瓣膜穿孔，溃疡构成参考答案：C11.心肌快反响细胞与慢反响细胞的区别是哪一期的快慢A．0期除极B．2期复极C．1期复极D．3期复极E．4期主动除极参考答案：A12.女人，35岁，缓慢腰痛半年余，逐步加剧，与劳累有关。
上海交通大学医学院（上海交大）考试试卷问答题.docx
上海交通大学医学院（上海交大）考试试卷问答题.docx大学生出科考题库问答题1、子宫有哪几对韧带及其作用？2、试述行腹部全子宫加双附件切除时应切断哪儿组韧带及手术步骤？3、简述雌、孕激素的生理作用。
4、简述下丘脑■垂体■卵巢轴的相互关系。
5、简述受精卵着床的必备条件。
6、请简述妊娠过程中胎盘有那些功能？7、患者末次月经为1月12 H,平时月经14岁3/45 X,量屮，痛经(-),停经35天，尿HCG (?)，停经50天B 超示妊娠囊耒见心管搏动。
孕20+周起自觉胎动。
8月1 口起少许阴道流血，请作出止确的诊断，有那些诊断依据？上诲衣通丈禽医哮院坐主口 4EB la 不冃口口课柱妇产科学吹思考题吋名词解释呎模拟试题8、简述妊娠期母体循环系统的变化特征？9、头位分娩进程中，促使胎头下降的因素是哪些？10、简述临产的诊断及三个产程定义。
11、试述胎儿先天畸形的宫内诊断？12、妊高征的分类诊断和鉴别诊断。
13、妊高征适时终止妊娠的指征。
14、试述妊娠合并心脏病的处理15、简述常见类型流产的治疗原则及要点。
16、简述早产的治疗原则及如何预防早产的发生。
17、简述过期妊娠的处理原则。
18、急性胎儿窘迫的处理原则19、胎膜早破时采収期待疗法的具体内容。
20、试述子宫收缩乏力的处理原则？21、试述催产素滴注的适应症及注意事项？22、前置胎盘的处理原则？23、重型胎盘早剥与先兆子宫破裂的鉴别？24、简述产后出血的治疗原则？试述由宫缩乏力引发产后出血的最冇效的治疗方法?25、简述造成产褥感染的病原体种类和感染来源？26、部分性和完全性葡萄胎的区别有哪些？27、完全性葡萄胎预防性化疗的指征有哪些？28、简述异位妊娠的鉴别诊断？29、简述井位妊娠的诊断要点？30、哪些部位易发牛子宫内膜异位症？31、子宫内膜异位症患者不孕的原因？32、简述子宫肌瘤的治疗原则？33、简述子宫肌瘤的病因？34、卵巢良性肿瘤与恶性肿瘤的鉴别？35、原发性卵巢恶性肿瘤的手术病理分期？36、急性盆腔炎的诱发因素37、急性盆腔炎的临床诊断标准38、为什么在健康妇女阴道内虽冇某些病原体存在，但并不引起炎症?39、子宫脱垂分儿度？40、张力性尿失禁的诊断？41、试述无排卵性功能失调性子宫出血的治疗原则？42、简述闭经的诊断步骤？43、宫颈癌的早期症状？44、诊断宫颈癌有哪些辅助检查方法？45、宫颈癌的转移途径？46、阴道炎症的主耍类型及其各自的临床表现?47、宫颈糜烂的分度及分型？48、简述女性牛殖器的自然防御功能？49、女性不孕的原因有哪些？50、宫内节育器的避孕原理？51、人流术的近期并发症？。
2015年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
2015年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题******************************************************************************************** 招生专业及代码：080501 材料物理与化学、080502材料学、080503 材料加工工程、0805Z1 生物材料、085204材料工程（专业学位）考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。
一、 填空题（共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）1. 周期表中，电负性最小的元素 ，电负性最大的元素 。
2. 容量瓶与移液管配套使用时, 若其体积关系不符合相应的比例, 会引起 误差,可采用 减免。
3. Na+和Ag+的离子半径相近，水合离子的酸性较强的是 。
4. 原子中电子排布为[Ar]3d 24s 2的元素,其最高氧化价为 ,它在周期表中的位置是 族。
5. 60 mL 0.10 mol/L Na2CO3与40 mL 0.15 mol/L HCl 相混合, 溶液的质子条件式是 。
6. HAc 被稀释，发生的情况是θa K ，电离度 。
(填 “不变”、“增大”或“减小”)。
7. 把100℃，101.3 kPa 下的1 mol 水向真空完全蒸发为同温、同压下的水蒸气， 已知水的气化热为41 kJ·mol-1，则： G ∆= ，S ∆= 。
8. 在 0℃和 97.0 kPa 下, 16.0 g O 2 的体积是 。
9. 已知丁烷的正常沸点为 -0.5℃ , T C = 153℃, p C = 3.65×103kPa ,那么丁烷在 25℃、3.00×103kPa 时是 体, 在 25℃、101 kPa 时是 体。
10. 一瓶HNO 3溶液的标签上写有: HNO 3相对分子质量: 63.0, 密度: 1.42 g·cm -3, 质量分数:70.0 %, 则此溶液的物质的量浓度为 。
2015上海交通大学642生物医学综合真题--回忆版
word格式-可编辑-感谢下载支持
2015上海交通大学642生物、医学综合真题--回忆版感谢14届学长学姐分享了14年的回忆版真题，今年竟有重题出现！我也给自己攒攒人品，分享一下~~
生物化学
一至七题各20分，第八题10分
一、简述糖类在人体中的生物学功能
二、说明蛋白激酶的生物学学功能
三、简述真核生物基因表达的调控机制
四、DNA变性和蛋白质变性的不同
五、简述或图示三羧酸循环的过程
六、Ca2+相关的细胞代谢过程
七、肝微粒体药物氧化酶的组成成分、作用特点和生理意义
八、酶的变构调节和共价修饰调节的异同
药学分子生物学
一、简答题15分X6=90分
1.真核生物基因组的特点
2.DNA损伤修复类型及基本原理
3.分泌型蛋白的翻译时运转的运输机制
4.转化的概念及经典转化流程
5.PCR的原理及步骤
6.RNAi作用机制
二、论述题20分X3=60分
1. G蛋白偶联受体的细胞信号转导过程
2.乳糖操纵子的结构和阻遏蛋白的负性调节
3.外源基因表达的基本过程
答题纸另附，为12面的A4大白纸，足够用！！。
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【真题】2015年上海交大药学院642考研真题
生化
1、糖类在人体内的生化功能?20＇
2、磷酸激酶在调节代谢中的作用?20＇
3、Ca2+在代谢中的作用 20＇
4、比较蛋白质变性和DNA变性 20＇
5、真核生物基因表达的调控 20＇
6、简述三羧酸循环（可用图示） 20＇
7、细胞色素P450酶系的组成、作用特点和生物学意义20＇
8、变构调节和共价修饰在酶调节中的异同点 10＇
分子生物学
一、简答题
1、PCR的原理和步骤 15＇
2、乳糖操纵子的结构和负性调控 15＇
3、分泌蛋白的翻译共转运 15＇
4、真核生物基因的特点 15＇
5、损伤复制的主要类型和原理 15＇
6、RNAi的机制 15＇
二、论述题
1、G蛋白偶联受体的信号转导基本过程 20＇
2、转化的概念和经典过程 20＇
3、外源基因在细胞内表达的过程 20＇
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