虚拟机Oracle_10g_RAC_安装

Ads by Google Oracle VMware Linux VMware Console VMware3 VMwareThis SiteHomeDBA ScriptsOracle 8i Articles Oracle 9i Articles Oracle 10g Articles Miscellaneous Articles Linux ArticlesOracle Certification ForumsORACLE-BASE Blog Blog Aggregator Industry News Book StoreTSHSQL Download Firefox Search Plugins Site Info LinksPrinter FriendlyOracle SitesOracle Corporation Technology Network Oracle Metalink Oracle Certification Oracle Magazine Ask TomOracle 8i R3 Docs Oracle 9i R1 Docs Oracle 9i R2 Docs Oracle 10g R1 Docs Oracle 10g R2 Docs Oracle 9iAS DocsOracle AS10g R1 Docs Oracle AS10g R2 Docs Oracle AS10g R3 DocsError MessagesORA-Go 8i R39i R19i R210g R110g R2Search Oracle DocsGo Metalink 8i R39i R19i R210g R110g R2SiteWebGo Oracle 10g RAC On Windows 2003 Using VMware ServerThis article describes the installation of Oracle 10g release 2 (10.2.0.1) RAC on Windows 2003 Server Standard Edition using VMware Server with no additional shared disk devices.z Introduction z Download Software z VMware Server Installationz Virtual Machine Setupz Guest Operating System Installation z Oracle Installation Prerequisites z Install VMware Client Tools z Create Shared Disksz Clone the Virtual Machinez Install the Clusterware Softwarez Install the Database Software and Create an ASM Instance z Create a Database using the DBCA z TNS ConfigurationzCheck the Status of the RACIntroductionOne of the biggest obstacles preventing people from setting up test RAC environments is the requirement for shared storage. In a production environment, shared storage is often provided by a SAN or high-end NAS device, but both of these options are very expensive when all you want to do is get some experience installing and using RAC. A cheaper alternative is to use a FireWire disk enclosure to allow two machines to access the same disk(s), but that still costs money and requires two servers. A third option is to use VMware Server to fake the shared storage.Using VMware Server you can run multiple Virtual Machines (VMs) on a single server, allowing you to run both RAC nodes on a single machine. In additon, it allows you to set up shared virtual disks, overcoming the obstacle of expensive shared storage.Before you launch into this installation, here are a few things to consider.zThe finished system includes the host operating system, two guest operating systems, two sets of Oracle Clusterware, two ASM instances and two Database instances all on a single server. As you can imagine, this requires a significant amount of disk space, CPU and memory. To complete this installation I used a dual 3.0G Xeon server with 4G of memory.zThis procedure provides a bare bones installation to get the RAC working. There is no redundancy in the Clusterware installation or the ASM installation. To add this, simply create double the amount of shared disks and select the "Normal" redundancy option when it is offered. Of course, this will take more disk space.z During the virtual disk creation, I always choose not to preallocate the disk space. This makes virtual disk access slower during the installation, but saves on wasted disk space.z This is not, and should not be considered, a production-ready system. It's simply to allow you to get used to installing and using RAC.Download SoftwareDownload the following software.z VMware ServerzOracle 10g (10.2.0.1) CRS and DB softwareVMware Server InstallationFor this article, I used CentOS 4.3 as the host operating systems. To use Windows as the host operating system, simply run the executable installation file and ignore the following VMware Server installation information.First, install the VMware Server software. On Linux you do this with the following command as the root user.# rpm -Uvh VMware-server-*.rpmPreparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:VMware-server ########################################### [100%]Virtual Disaster RecoveryFree White Paper: Building disaster recovery solutions with VMware.Rac Antibodies Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. Source of over26,000 antibodies. /table-rac.html#Then finish the configuration by running the vmware-config.pl script as the root user. Most of the questions can be answered with the default response by pressing the return key. The output below shows my responses to the questions.# vmware-config.plMaking sure services for VMware Server are stopped.Stopping VMware services:Virtual machine monitor [ OK ]You must read and accept the End User License Agreement to continue.Press enter to display it.VMWARE, INC.SOFTWARE BETA TEST AGREEMENT*** Editied out license agreement ***Do you accept? (yes/no) yesThank you.Configuring fallback GTK+ 2.4 libraries.In which directory do you want to install the mime type icons?[/usr/share/icons]What directory contains your desktop menu entry files? These files have a.desktop file extension. [/usr/share/applications]In which directory do you want to install the application's icon?[/usr/share/pixmaps]Trying to find a suitable vmmon module for your running kernel.The module bld-2.6.9-5.EL-i686smp-RHEL4 loads perfectly in the running kernel.Do you want networking for your virtual machines? (yes/no/help) [yes]Configuring a bridged network for vmnet0.The following bridged networks have been defined:. vmnet0 is bridged to eth0All your ethernet interfaces are already bridged.Do you want to be able to use NAT networking in your virtual machines? (yes/no)[yes]Configuring a NAT network for vmnet8.Do you want this program to probe for an unused private subnet? (yes/no/help)[yes]Probing for an unused private subnet (this can take some time)...The subnet 172.16.210.0/255.255.255.0 appears to be unused.The following NAT networks have been defined:. vmnet8 is a NAT network on private subnet 172.16.210.0.Do you wish to configure another NAT network? (yes/no) [no]Do you want to be able to use host-only networking in your virtual machines?[yes] noTrying to find a suitable vmnet module for your running kernel.The module bld-2.6.9-5.EL-i686smp-RHEL4 loads perfectly in the running kernel.Please specify a port for remote console connections to use [902]Stopping xinetd: [ OK ]Starting xinetd: [ OK ]Configuring the VMware VmPerl Scripting API.Building the VMware VmPerl Scripting API.Using compiler "/usr/bin/gcc". Use environment variable CC to override.The installation of the VMware VmPerl Scripting API succeeded.Do you want this program to set up permissions for your registered virtualmachines? This will be done by setting new permissions on all files found inthe "/etc/vmware/vm-list" file. [no] yesGenerating SSL Server CertificateIn which directory do you want to keep your virtual machine files?[/var/lib/vmware/Virtual Machines] /u01/VMDo you want to enter a serial number now? (yes/no/help) [no] yesPlease enter your 20-character serial number.Type XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX or 'Enter' to cancel: ENTER-YOUR-SERIAL-NUMBERStarting VMware services:Virtual machine monitor [ OK ]Virtual ethernet [ OK ]Bridged networking on /dev/vmnet0 [ OK ]Host-only networking on /dev/vmnet8 (background) [ OK ]NAT service on /dev/vmnet8 [ OK ]Starting VMware virtual machines... [ OK ]The configuration of VMware Server e.x.p build-22874 for Linux for this runningkernel completed successfully.#The VMware Server Console is started by issuing the command "vmware" at the command prompt, or by selecting it from the "System Tools" menu.On the "Connect to Host" dialog, accept the "Local host" option by clicking the "Connect" button.You are then presented with the main VMware Server Console screen.The VMware Server is now installed and ready to use.Virtual Machine SetupNow we must define the two virtual RAC nodes. We can save time by defining one VM, then cloning it when it is installed. In this article I use Linux as my host operating system, so all the file paths are UNIX style paths. If you are using a Windows host operating system you would expect to use Windows style paths to the various VMware files, so adjust the paths as necessary.Click the "Create a new virtual machine" button to start the "New Virtual Machine Wizard". Click the "Next" button onthe welcome page.Select the "Custom" virtual machine configuration and click the "Next" button.Select the "Windows" guest operating system option, and set the version to "Windows Server 2003 Standard Edition", then click the "Next" button.Enter the name "RAC1" and the location should default to "/u01/VM/RAC1", then click the "Next" button.Select the required number of processors and click the "Next" button.Uncheck the "Make this virtual machine private" checkbox and click the "Next" button.Select the amount of memory to associate with the virtual machine. Remember, you are going to need two instances, so don't associate too much, but you are going to need approximately 1 Gig (1024 Meg) to compete the installation successfully.Accept the "Use bridged networking" option by clicking the "Next" button.Accept the "LSI Logic" option by clicking the "Next" button.Select the "Create a new virtual disk" option and click the "Next" button.Accept the "SCSI" option by clicking the "Next" button. It's a virtual disk, so you can still use this option even if your physical disk is IDE or SATA.Set the disk size to "10.0" GB and uncheck the "Allocate all disk space now" option. The latter will make disk access slower, but will save you wasting disk space.Accept "RAC1.vmdk" as the disk file name and complete the VM creation by clicking the "Finish" button.On the "VMware Server Console" screen, click the "Edit virtual machine settings" button.On the "Virtual Machine Settings" screen, highlight the "Floppy 1" drive and click the "- Remove" button.Click the "+ Add" button and select a hardware type of "Ethernet Adapter", then click the "Next" button.Accept the "Bridged" option by clicking the "Finish" button.Click on the "Options" tab, highlight the "Startup/Shutdown" setting and select the "Don't power on virtual machine" in the "On host startup" option. Finish by clicking the "OK" button.The virtual machine is not configured so we can start the guest operating system installation.Guest Operating System InstallationPlace the first Windows 2003 SE disk in the CD drive and start the virtual machine by clicking the "Power on this virtual machine" button. The right pane of the VMware Server Console should display a boot loader, then the Windows installation screen.Continue through the Windows installation as you would for a normal server. To be consistent with the rest of the article, the following information should be set during the installation:z hostname: RAC1z IP Address eth0: 192.168.2.101 (public address)z IP Address eth1: 192.168.0.101 (private address)You are free to change the IP addresses to suit your network, but remember to stay consistent with those adjustments throughout the rest of the article.Oracle Installation PrerequisitesPerform the following steps whilst logged into the RAC1 virtual machine.Amend the C:\windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts file to contain the following information.127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost# Public192.168.2.101 rac1.localdomain rac1192.168.2.102 rac2.localdomain rac2#Private192.168.0.101 rac1-priv.localdomain rac1-priv192.168.0.102 rac2-priv.localdomain rac2-priv#Virtual192.168.2.111 rac1-vip.localdomain rac1-vip192.168.2.112 rac2-vip.localdomain rac2-vipVMware sometimes creates additional network adapters, which will prevent the clusterware from loading. Delete any additional adapters as follows. Open a command prompt on RAC1 and issue the following commands.set devmgr_show_nonpresent_devices=1devmgmt.mscOn the resulting "Device Manager" screen, pick the "View > Show hidden devices" menu option.Now check for extra network adapters. You would expect two, but if there are more than this, uninstall the greyed out adapters.Open the "Network Connections" screen (Start > All Programs > Accessories > Communications > Network Connections). Rename the two connections to "public" and "private" respectively, making sure you apply the names to the appropriate connections.Check that the network settings are correct for both connections.The Clusterware installation is very sensitive, so make sure you read the Checking Network Requirements section of the documentation, and make any necessary changes.In addition to the configuration mentioned above, the documentation suggests two more configuration changes that I did not find necessary on VMware Server. Even so, it is advisable to make the changes.First, ensure the public interface is first in the bind order:z Open the "Network Connections" dialog by right-clicking on the "My Network Places" icon and selecting the "Properties" menu option.z Select the "Advanced > Advanced Settings..." menu option.z On the "Adapters and Bindings" tab, make sure the public interface is the first interface listed.z Accept any modifications by clicking on the "OK" button and exiting the "Network Connections" dialog. Second, disable Windows Media Sensing for TCP/IP:z Backup the Windows registry.z Run the Registry Editor (Regedt32.exe) and find the following key:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters z Add the following registry value:Value Name: DisableDHCPMediaSenseData Type: REG_DWORD -BooleanValue: 1z This change will not take effect until the computer is restarted.Next, install the VMware client tools.Install VMware Client ToolsLogin on the RAC1 virtual machine, then select the "VM > Install VMware Tools..." option from the main VMware Server Console menu.Click the "Install" button on the subsequent screen.Click the "Next" button to continue.Accept the "Typical" option by clicking the "Next" button.Click the "Install" button to continue.Set the hardware acceleration when prompted by clicking the "Yes" button and following the instructions on the subsequent screens.Once the installatin is complete, click the "Finish" button.The VMware client tools are now installed.Create Shared DisksShut down the RAC1 virtual machine and create a directory on the host system to hold the shared virtual disks.# mkdir -p /u01/VM/sharedOn the VMware Server Console, click the "Edit virtual machine settings" button. On the "Virtual Machine Settings" screen, click the "+ Add" button.Select the hardware type of "Hard Disk" and click the "Next" button.Accept the "Create a new virtual disk" option by clicking the "Next" button.Accept the "SCSI" option by clicking the "Next" button.Set the disk size to "10.0" GB and uncheck the "Allocate all disk space now" option, then click the "Next" button.Set the disk name to "/u01/VM/shared/ocr.vmdk" and click the "Advanced" button.Set the virtual device node to "SCSI 1:1" and the mode to "Independent" and "Persistent", then click the "Finish" button.Repeat the previous hard disk creation steps 4 more times, using the following values:z File Name: /u01/VM/shared/votingdisk.vmdkVirtual Device Node: SCSI 1:2Mode: Independent and Persistentz File Name: /u01/VM/shared/asm1.vmdkVirtual Device Node: SCSI 1:3Mode: Independent and Persistentz File Name: /u01/VM/shared/asm2.vmdkVirtual Device Node: SCSI 1:4Mode: Independent and Persistentz File Name: /u01/VM/shared/asm3.vmdkVirtual Device Node: SCSI 1:5Mode: Independent and PersistentAt the end of this process, the virtual machine should look something like the picture below.Edit the contents of the "/u01/VM/RAC1/RAC1.vmx" file using a text editor, making sure the following entries are present. Some of the tries will already be present, some will not.disk.locking = "FALSE"diskLib.dataCacheMaxSize = "0"diskLib.dataCacheMaxReadAheadSize = "0"diskLib.dataCacheMinReadAheadSize = "0"diskLib.dataCachePageSize = "4096"diskLib.maxUnsyncedWrites = "0"scsi1.present = "TRUE"scsi1.virtualDev = "lsilogic"scsi1.sharedBus = "VIRTUAL"scsi1:1.present = "TRUE"scsi1:1.mode = "independent-persistent"scsi1:1.fileName = "/u01/VM/shared/ocr.vmdk"scsi1:1.deviceType = "plainDisk"scsi1:1.redo = ""scsi1:2.present = "TRUE"scsi1:2.mode = "independent-persistent"scsi1:2.fileName = "/u01/VM/shared/votingdisk.vmdk"scsi1:2.deviceType = "plainDisk"scsi1:2.redo = ""scsi1:3.present = "TRUE"scsi1:3.mode = "independent-persistent"scsi1:3.fileName = "/u01/VM/shared/asm1.vmdk"scsi1:3.deviceType = "plainDisk"scsi1:3.redo = ""scsi1:4.present = "TRUE"scsi1:4.mode = "independent-persistent"scsi1:4.fileName = "/u01/VM/shared/asm2.vmdk"scsi1:4.deviceType = "plainDisk"scsi1:4.redo = ""scsi1:5.present = "TRUE"scsi1:5.mode = "independent-persistent"scsi1:5.fileName = "/u01/VM/shared/asm3.vmdk"scsi1:5.deviceType = "plainDisk"scsi1:5.redo = ""Start the RAC1 virtual machine by clicking the "Power on this virtual machine" button on the VMware Server Console. When the server has started, log in so you can partition the disks.Prior to partitioning the disks on Windows Server 2003, you must enable disk automounting. I didn't need to do this, but I guess it makes sense to do as you're told. To enable automounting do the following command at the command prompt, then restart the server.C:\> diskpartDISKPART> automount enableDISKPART> exitC:\>When the server restarts, open the "Computer Management" dialog (Start > All Programs > Administrative Tools > Computer Management) and click on the Disk Management tree node. This action should initiate the "Initialize and Convert Disk Wizard". Click the "Next" button to continue.Initialize all 5 disks by clicking the "Next" button.Don't convert any of the disks. Make sure all 5 disks are unchecked, then "Next" button.Complete the process by clicking the "Finish" button.Right-click on "Disk 1" and select the "New Partition..." option to start the "New Partition Wizard".Click the "Next" button to continue.Select the "Extended partition" option, then click the "Next" button.Accept the default partition size by clicking the "Next" button.Complete the partition by clicking the "Finish" button.The partition will now be displayed with a green bar. Right-click on the partition and select the "New Logical Drive" option to restart the "New Partition Wizard".Click the "Next" button to continue.Accept the "Logical drive" option by clicking the "Next" button.Accept the default partition size by clicking the "Next" button.Select the "Do not assign a drive letter or drive path" option, then click the "Next" button.Select the "Do not format this partition" option, then click the "Next" button.Complete the logical drive by clicking the "Finish" button.The drive should now be displayed as a healthy drive with a blue bar.Repeat the previous partitioning steps for the remaining 4 disks.The shared disks are now configured.Clone the Virtual MachineThe current version of VMware Server does not include an option to clone a virtual machine, but the following steps illustrate how this can be achieved manually.Shut down the RAC1 virtual machine and copy the RAC1 virtual machine using the following command.# cp -R /u01/VM/RAC1 /u01/VM/RAC2Edit the contents of the "/u01/VM/RAC2/RAC1.vmx" file, making the following change.displayName = "RAC2"Ignore discrepancies with the file names in the "/u01/VM/RAC2" directory. This does not affect the action of the virtual machine.In the VMware Server Console, select the File > Open menu options and browse for the"/u01/VM/RAC2/RAC1.vmx" file. Once opened, the RAC2 virtual machine is visible on the console. Start the RAC2 virtual machine by clicking the "Power on this virtual machine" button and click the "Always Create" button on the subsequent "Question" screen.Open the "Network Connections" screen (Start > All Programs > Accessories > Communications > Network Connections). Amend the IP Addresses of both connections to the correct values for the RAC2 node.The cloning process sometimes alters the network connection setup, so repeat the steps mentioned previously for removing extra network adapters and renaming the connections.Open the "System Properties" dialog (Start > Control Panel > System), click on the "Computer Name" tab and click the "Change" button. Enter the name "rac2" then click the "OK" button.Click all subsequent "OK" buttons to exit the "System Properties" dialog and restart the server when prompted. Once the RAC2 virtual machine has restarted, start the RAC1 virtual machine. When both nodes have started, check they can both ping all the public and private IP addresses using the following commands.ping -c 3 rac1ping -c 3 rac1-privping -c 3 rac2ping -c 3 rac2-privAt this point the virtual IP addresses defined in the hosts file will not work, so don't bother testing them.It's a good idea to take a snapshot of the virtual machines, so you can repeat the following stages if you run into any problems. To do this, shutdown both virtual machines and issue the following commands.# cd /u01/VM# tar -cvf RAC-PreClusterware.tar RAC1 RAC2 shared# gzip RAC-PreClusterware.tarThe virtual machine setup is now complete.Install the Clusterware SoftwareStart the RAC1 and RAC2 virtual machines. The Oracle Clusterware for Windows is very sensitive, so before you start, check the network connection setup on each machine again. Remove and extra network adapters, rename the connections appropriately and check the nodes ping correctly. Make sure your network configuration matches the Checking Network Requirements section of the documentation.Start the Oracle installer on RAC1.On the "Welcome" screen, click the "Next" button.Accept the default inventory location by clicking the "Next" button.Enter the appropriate name and path for the Oracle Home and click the "Next" button.Wait while the prerequisite checks are done. If you have any failures correct them and retry the tests before clicking the "Next" button.The "Specify Cluster Configuration" screen shows only the RAC1 node in the cluster. Click the "Add" button to continue.Enter the details for the RAC2 node and click the "OK" button.Click the "Next" button to continue.The "Specific Network Interface Usage" screen defines how each network interface will be used. Highlight the "public" interface and click the "Edit" button.Set the "public" interface type to "Public" and click the "OK" button.Leave the "private" interface as private and click the "Next" button.On the "Cluster Configuration Storage" screen, highlight disk 1 and click the "Edit" button.Select the "Place OCR(Primary) on this Partition" option and click the "OK" button.Highlight disk 2 and click the "Edit" button. Select the "Place Voting Disk on this Partition" option and click the "OK" button.On the "Cluster Configuration Storage" screen, click the "Next" button and ignore the redundancy warnings by clicking the "OK" button.On the "Summary" screen, click the "Install" button to continue.Wait while the installation takes place.Wait while the configuration assistants run.The VIPCA will fail, so click the "OK" button on the resulting error screen.Click the "Next" button and accept the subsequent warning, then click the "Exit" button to leave the installer.On the RAC1 virtual machine, run the VIPCA manually by issuing the following commands in a command prompt.cd c:\oracle\product\10.2.0\crs\binvipca.batClick the "Next" button on the VIPCA welcome screen.Highlight the "public" interface and click the "Next" button.Enter the vitual IP alias and address for each node. Once you enter the first alias, the remaining values should default automatically. Click the "Next" button to continue.Accept the summary information by clicking the "Finish" button.Wait until the configuration is complete, then click the "OK" button.Accept the VIPCA results by clicking the "Exit" button.The status of the finished cluster can be checked by running the cluvfy.bat script as shown below.C:\oracle\product\10.2.0\crs\BIN>cluvfy.bat stage -post crsinst -n rac1,rac2Performing post-checks for cluster services setupChecking node reachability...Node reachability check passed from node "rac1".Checking user equivalence...User equivalence check passed for user "Administrator".Checking Cluster manager integrity...Checking CSS daemon...Daemon status check passed for "CSS daemon".Cluster manager integrity check passed.Checking cluster integrity...Cluster integrity check passedChecking OCR integrity...Checking the absence of a non-clustered configuration...All nodes free of non-clustered, local-only configurations.Uniqueness check for OCR device passed.Checking the version of OCR...OCR of correct Version "2" exists.Checking data integrity of OCR...Data integrity check for OCR passed.OCR integrity check passed.。