新东方 考研 写作精讲
新东方英语作文辅导班精讲
考研大作文
• 考研大作文（20 分）的要求是很好地完成了试题规定的任务：包含 所有内容要点；使用丰富的语法结构和词汇；语言自然流畅，语法错 误极少；有效地采用了多种衔接手段，文字连贯，层次清晰。字数： 160—200 词。从这个要求可以看出考生需要把重点放在英语的表达 上，至于内容是否“立论新颖”或“论证充分”等并不是考察的重点。 我们认为，同学们需要从以下四个方面对英语的表达能力加以提高： 单词要尽可能用正式的书面英语，一些口语中的用语需要避免， 如要表达“我认为” ，我们最好不要用“I think”，而应该选用丰富多 样的表达方法，如 I believe/ argue/ insist…等。这样在考试中适当得 用上，就可以给阅卷老师留下更好的第一印象。 要尽可能多得使用丰富多样的句型结构，如主语从句，定语从句， 状语从句等，因为英语的作者在进行学术性文章写作时这些句型是必 不可少的。 段落展开时要非常严谨。因为英语是一门逻辑性非常强的语言， 所以在写每一个段落时首先需要确定使用什么样的展开方法。 整个文 章展开的时候一定要注意三个段落的有机联系。一般来说我们在第一 段介绍漫画的画内和画外意思，在第二段中进行展开，然后在第三段 做出结论，提出解决问题的方法。
发展的代价——初恋的地方
食品安全收入差距社会公平生活幸福感信仰缺失
社会和谐
公共资源配置
献身人类
考研小作文
• 考研小作文（10 分）的写作同学们重点要注意语域、格 式、思想性三个问题。 所谓语域是指我们在跟其他人交流时，因为交际对象 的不同，我们需要用正式、一般和非正式的不同交际方式， 这样就需要不同的表达。 另外应用文的写作，尤其是书信的写作要注意内容的 格式安排，如称呼要左边顶格写，正文要每段开头空四个 字符，写完三段后空两行写结尾谦辞并且在下一行署名， 而谦辞和署名都要右边顶格写。 思想性要求有自己的观点，结合题意要求适度发挥。 （辞职信、一模救助儿童、二模）
新东方考研英语精品写作讲义
2008年新东方考研英语精品写作讲义内容预览考研英语写作要求与评分细则1.大纲对写作的要求《全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲(非英语考生)》在考试说明部分要求考生掌握的写作技能：考生应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等，还应能写一般描述性、叙述性和说明或议论性的文章。
短文写作时，考生应能：1)做到语法、拼写、标点正确、用词恰当；2)遵循文章的特定文体格式；3)合理组织文章结构，使其内容统一、连贯；4)根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当选用语言。
2. 考研写作试卷结构写作是全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试卷的第三部分。
该部分考查考生的书面表达能力。
共30分。
A节：考生根据所给情景写出一篇约100词（标点符号不计算在内）的应用性短文，包括信件、便笺、备忘录等。
满分10分。
B节：要求考生根据提示信息写出一篇160-200词的短文(标点符号不计算在内)。
提示信息的形式有主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图、表等。
满分20分。
3．考研英语写作评分标准（一）评分原则和方法1．A节应用文的评分侧重点在于信息点的覆盖和内容的组织、语言的准确性、格式和语域的恰当。
对语法结构和词汇多样性的要求将根据具体试题做调整。
允许在作文中使用提示语中出现的关键词，但使用提示语中出现过的词组或句子将被扣分。
B节作文的评分重点在于内容的完整性、文章的组织连贯性、语法结构和词汇的多样性及语言的准确性。
2．评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来给分。
评分人员在档内有1-3分的调节分。
3．A节作文的字数要求是100词左右。
B节作文的字数要求是160-200词。
文章长度不符合要求的，酌情扣分。
4．拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。
评分时，视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。
英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。
5．如书写较差，以致影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。
（二）一般评分标准第五档 A节（9-10分）B节（17-20分）很好地完成了试题规定的任务。
新东方 考研英语作文
新东方考研英语作文Studying for the postgraduate entrance examination is really tough, but it's also a great opportunity for personal growth and development. It's a chance to challenge yourself and see how much you can achieve. 。
The key to success in the exam is to be well-prepared. You need to study hard and make sure you understand all the material. It's also important to practice your writing and speaking skills, as these are often tested in the exam.One of the biggest challenges of preparing for the exam is managing your time effectively. You need to find a balance between studying, working, and taking care of yourself. It's important to set realistic goals and make a schedule that works for you.It's also important to stay motivated and focused. It's easy to get discouraged when you're studying for such a difficult exam, but it's important to stay positive andkeep pushing forward. Surround yourself with supportive people who believe in you and your abilities.Finally, it's important to take care of yourself during this stressful time. Make sure to get enough sleep, eat well, and take breaks when you need them. It's important to take care of your physical and mental health so that you can perform your best on the exam.In conclusion, preparing for the postgraduate entrance examination is a difficult but rewarding process. It's important to study hard, manage your time effectively, stay motivated, and take care of yourself. With the right approach, you can achieve success in the exam and open up new opportunities for your future.。
新东方在线新版GRE写作电子讲义
GRE写作电子教材主讲：韦晓亮欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材Argument 部分一.Argument的写作特点二.Argument整体结构第一段：开头段。
主要是归纳论点，说明论点有问题，存在逻辑漏洞，准备发起进攻。
第二段和第三段甚至第四段：分类别去攻击各个逻辑错误。
第五段：结尾段。
作者的结论似乎是合理的，但是通过论证，不是这样的。
因此作者在做出决定之前，应该还要考虑其他情况。
三.如何写开头段？例.重复结论+扼要重述论据+转折（总论）In this memo the vice president of Nature's Way CNW), a chain of stores selling health food and health-related products, recommends opening a store in Plamesville. To support this recommendation the vice president cites the following facts about Plainesville: (1) sales of exercise shoes and clothing are at all-time highs; (2) the local health club is more popular than ever; and (3) the city's schoolchildren are required to participate in a fitness program. Close scrutiny of each of these facts, however, reveals that none of them lend credible support to the recommendation.四.开头段的小宝式写法（C－E－F）Merely based on unfounded assumption and dubious (suspicious) evidence, the statement draws a conclusion that_____. To substantiate (support) the conclusion, the arguer points out evidence that_____. In addition, he indicates that_____. Furthermore, he cites the result of arecent survey in support of this recommendation. At first glance, the author’s argument appears to be somewhat convincing, but further reflection reveals that it omits some substantial concerns that should be addressed to substantiate the argument. In my point of view, this argument suffers from N logical flaws.五.如何写正文段六.如何写结尾段七.结尾段的具体写法To sum up, this arguer fails to substantiate its claim that_____, because the evidences cited in the analysis does not lend strong support to what the arguer maintains. To make the argument more convincing, the arguer would have to provide more information with regard to_____. Additionally, he would have to demonstrate that_____. Therefore, if the argument had included the given factors discussed above, it would have been more thorough and logically acceptable.八.各个逻辑错误的攻击方法和语言1.Survey/Study：(1)ProcedureA. Selective sampleB. Quantity of the sampleU nless the surveyors sampled a sufficient number of and did so randomly across the entire spectrum, the survey results are not reliable to gauge_____ generally. The number of respondents/samples in itself does not ensure representativeness. For example, if the sample included only , then the results would no doubt suggest . Or if _____, (1200) would account for only a little percentage, which would renders the result of the survey meaningless.(2)Result of the surveyA. Do the statistics make any meaningfullness?B. Are the statistics misleadingly vague?①攻击“无相对比值”The argument tells us that “many” (a number of ) _____. However, the speakerfails to indicate the percentage of _____, so this evidence is far too vague to be meaningful.②攻击“无绝对数值”The author fails to provide information regarding the absolute number of ____.C. RespondentsThe respondents must be statistically significant in number and representative of the overall_____.(3)Who conducted the survey?The surveyor should be nonaligned / cross-becher.(4)When was the survey conducted?A threshold problem is that the editorial neglects to indicate how recently he survey was actually conducted. When samples are used to make general claims about a particular group, the samples should be close enough in time to the generalization. All we know in this editorial is that the survey was recently published. The less recent the survey itself, the less reliable the results to indicate current interest levels.2.Sufficient Evidence and Necessary Condition(1)Sufficient Evidencea.The argument assumes too hastily that ____will necessarily result in the behavior that theargument predicts. Perhaps,_____. Moreover,____.b.The fact that A is not sufficient for the prediction that B .(2)Necessary ConditionThe editor’s recommendation depends on the assumption that no factors other than A caused B . However, common sense informs me that this assumption is a poor one. A myriad of other factors, including ___or ____, might just as likely be the cause of B . To be specific,_____. Without ruling out these and other possible causes, the editor cannot justifiably conclude that only by ____ can____.3.Cause and Effect Fallacies(1) Non sequiturThe arguer fails to establish the causal relationship between the fact that ____and the claim that____. This argument is unacceptable unless there is compelling evidence to support the connection between these two events. Perhaps, for example, ____results from_____.(2) Post hoc, ergo proper hoc (after this, therefore because of this)Based on the fact that ____ occurred after _____, the editor infers that ____should be responsible for _____. However, the sequence of these events, in itself, does not suffice to prove that earlier development caused the later one. I might have resulted from some other events instead: ____________----to just a few possibilities. Without ruling out scenarios such as these, the editor cannot establish a cause-and-effect relationship between______ and _______ upon which editor’s the recommendation depends.(3) ConcurrenceThe argument observes a correlation between A and B , then concludes that the former is the cause of the latter. However, the argument fails to rule out other possible explanations for A or B . For example, _____. Any of these factors might lead to B . Without ruling out all other factors it is unfair to conclude that A is responsible for B.(4) Confuse the cause and effectIt is possible that the mayor has confused cause with effect respecting the recent developments in Ocean View. Perhaps A was a response to B. Since the mayor has failed to account for this possibility, the claim that _____ is completely unwarranted.4.Changing Scope Fallacies(1)Different conceptsA threshold problem involves the definition of A . The arguer fails to define this critical term. If A is defined asB , then howC , is irrelevant to whether____. In short, without a clear definition of A , it is impossible to assess the strength of the argument.(2)What is true for a member is also true for the groupThe argument resets on the assumption that 个体案例typify nationwide 整体情况. If this is not the case, then it is entirely possible that 在另一个地方，上述个案的结果不会发生相同的情况Thus, lacking more marketing information about ____ nationwide, it is difficult to assess the merit of the memo’s recommendation.(3)Assuming that characteristics of a group apply to each group memberOne problem with the argument is that it assumes that the nationwide (characteristics of a group apply to every member of that group) statistics about _____ applies equally to 个体成员，Yet this might not be the case, for a variety of possible reasons. Perhaps ______; or perhaps ______ . Without ruling out such possibilities, the author cannot justifiably conclude that _____.(4)Average5.Incomplete Thought(1)Failing to weigh the advantage and disadvantage thoroughlyIn addition, the author fails to consider the possible negative impacts brought about by .(2)ProfitThe author’conclusion that _____ is unwarranted. Profit is factor of not only revenue, but also costs. It’s entirely possible that the costs of_________ , or other costs associated with ________, will offset, even outweigh the revenue. Besides, a myriad of other possible occurrence, such as unfavorable economic conditions, might prevent ______ from being as profitable in the foreseeable futures as the argument predicts.6.All things remain unchanged over time(1)Past conditions remain unchanged in the present and futureThe author claims that ______, because _____ . The author assumes without justification that the background conditions have remained the same at different time. The assumption isunwarranted because things rarely remain the same over extended periods of time. There are likely all kinds of difference between A and B . For example, A_______; however, B______. Any of these scenarios, if true, would serve to undermine the claim that ______(2)Present Conditions will remain unchanged into the future7.Vague evidence8.Analogy and comparison(1)False analogyThe arguer’s recommendation relies on what might be a poor analogy between A and B. The analogy falsely depends on the assumption that ______ in both A and B are similar. However, it is entirely possible that A与B存在很大的不同. In short, without accounting for important possible differences between A and B, the arguer cannot reasonably prove the proposed method will help A_____ .(2)Incomplete or selective comparison(3)Comparison and Variation9.False dilemmaEven assuming A is not the reason for the B , the author falsely assumes that the B must be attributable to C. This “either-or ”argument is fallacious in that it ignores other possible causes of the B . For example, perhaps 其他可能原因, or perhaps 其他可能原因10.Unwarranted AssumptionThe author falsely depends on gratuitous assumption that ______. However, no evidence is stated in the argument to support this assumption. For example, it is most likely that ______. Therefore, the argument is unwarranted without ruling out such possibility.11. Hasty generalizationIn addition, the arguer commits a fallacy of hasty generalization. Even if A , it does not follow that B . It is highly possible that other factors may have contributed to B. For instance, __________ . Besides, the arguer does not provide any solid information concerning B. Without ruling out these and other possible factors that give rise to B, the author cannot confidently conclude that ______.写作必背单词和短语1.counterproductive adj.产生相反效果（结果）的e.g. It is counterproductive to be too tough: it just makes the staff resentful.2.seminal adj.萌芽的，潜在的；开创性的；有重大影响的e.g. in the seminal state （在萌芽状态）|| seminal thoughts || seminal principle（基本原则）3.forgo v.放弃e.g.The choice to forgo his security is always available, although it might carryunpleasant consequence.4.intuition n.直觉e.g.I will trust my strong intuition that free will is an essential part of our beingas humans.5.satisfy v.证明是正当的，公证的；为…寻找正当理由e.g. In the final analysis, government cannot philosophically satisfy assistinglarge cities for the purpose of either promoting or preserving the nation's cultural traditions; nor is government assistance necessary toward these ends.6.resort to …诉诸…e.g.there is no necessity to resort to violent actions such as demonstration, riot orrebel.7.hinge on … 以…为转移，靠…转动e.g. The claim that society’s destiny hinges on how children are socialized, whileappealing in some respects, is an over-statement at best.8.lend some credence to … 提供支持e.g. Recent advances in molecular biology and genetics lend some credence tothis position, by suggesting that these determining physical forces include our own individual genetic makeup.9.dimension n.大小；体积；程度；范围e.g. I did not realize the dimensions of the problem.10.amount to … 相当于；等于e.g. What you say amounts to a direct accusation.11.inspire v.激励或鼓舞e.g. To begin with, learning about key historical figures inspires us to achievegreat things ourselves --- far more so than learning about the conditions of groups of people.12.provide necessary impetus for … 给与…动力e.g. It is almost always a key individual who provide the necessary imputesfor what otherwise might be a group effort, as discussed below.13.paradigm n.样式；典范；范例e.g. educational paradigms14.obscure v.使阴暗；使朦胧e.g. Generally speaking, then, undue attention to the efforts and contributions ofvarious groups tends to obscure the cause and effect relationship with which the15.nascent adj.初生的e.g.in a nascent condition/stage/state || a nascent industry/ literature/art16.irrespective of whether … 无论如何e.g. While we must invest in research irrespective of whether the results mightbe controversial.17.draw a distinction between …区分…e.g.One useful approach is to draw a distinction between personal moralityand public morality.18.catalyst n.催化剂；刺激因素e.g. circumstance often serves as a catalyst for heroism.19.proviso n.限制性条款；（附带）条件e.g. Aside from the two forgoing provisos, however, I fundamentally disagreewith the speaker’s claim.20.proceeding n.行动, 进行,会议录, 学报e.g. legal proceeding || governmental proceedings21.thwart v.反对；妨碍；挫败e.g. the government’s strategies for thwarting specific plans of an internationalterrorist or a drug trafficker.22.unprecedented adj.空前的，史无前例的e.g.the society is changing at a speed which is quite unprecedented.23.inexorable adj. 不可阻挡的；坚持不懈的；无情的e.g.Facts are inexorable || the inexorable march of science24.take precedence over …居先于…;优先于…e.g. This interest might take precedence over the historic value of an oldstructure that stands in the way of a parking structure.25.serve as a substitute for …取代…be superceded by 代替；取代e.g. Pragmatic behavior guarantees survival, whereas idealistic views tend to besuperceded by simpler, more immediate options.26.emerge from …源自于：（in every age and culture some worthwhile art andliterature emerges from the mediocrity.）27.名人notable figurescelebrityelitepersonality（television personalities）28.普遍；普及prevailing adj.普遍的；流行的；占优势的（the prevailing view in Western corporate culture || prevailing principle）29.灌输；教育instill v.（Courtesy must be instilled in childhood || Morality may be instilled into their minds）inculcate v.（inculcate the young with a sense of duty.）impart v.（A good teacher imparts wisdom to his pupils.）foster v.养育, 抚育, 培养, 鼓励（Frequent cultural exchange will certainly helpfoster fostertalent. || to foster an interest in music）nurture v.养育, 给与营养物, 教养（While the speaker might overlook the benefits of nurturing certain emotions and feels, on balance I agree that …）30.若干重；若干刃a double-edged sword 双刃剑e.g. This type of advertisement can be a doubt-edged sword, when the productdoes not make the person “be like” the person in the advertisement, there can be disappointment and disillusionment with the product.a two-edged weapon 双重武器e.g. As is so often pointed out, knowledge is a two-edged weapon which can beused equally for good or evil.twofold/threefold/manifold adj.双重/三重/多种e.g. We have to ask ourselves very seriously what will happen is this twofold useof knowledge, with its ever-increasing power, continues.e.g. The City Council has a manifold plan to beautify the city.31.消除；减轻eliminate v. 排除，消除（eliminate the false and retain the true || eliminate the possibility of= preclude the possibility of）diminish v. 使减小，使变少（diminish one’s reputation || diminish the cost of production）undermine v.破坏，削弱（formal study of the present culture at the expanse of studying past cultures can undermine the function of higher education, and ultimately provide a disservice to students and to society.）32.恶化；加剧exacerbate v. 恶化, 增剧, 激怒, 使加剧, 使烦恼e.g. The problems would only be exacerbated were these decisions leftexclusively to federal regulators.33.过度；过分exorbitant adj.过度的；过高的（exorbitant rents || exorbitantly expensive || exorbitant amount of money）undue adj.过度的；过分的（apply undue pressure to make s.b. change his mind）34.导致、造成pose 引起某事物，造成，提出e.g. Winter poses particular difficulties for the elderly.render v.致使，造成e.g. Your action has rendered our contract invalid.breed v.导致；造成e.g. The speaker unfairly suggests that large cities serve as the primary breedingground and sanctuaries for a nation’s cultural traditions..burgeon v.迅速发展；发芽（burgeoning cities || burgeoning Internet commerce）outgrowth n.长出, 派出, 结果, 副产物outgrowthadvancement of scientific knowledge.35.探求、努力：seek to …探求，寻求e.g. One compelling argument in favor of a global university has to do with the factthat its faculty and students would bring diverse cultural and educational perspectives to the problems they seek to solve.strive to …努力e.g. students should strive to excel in the specific requirements of their majorcourse of studyprobe v./n.探求，探查e.g. probe a matter to the bottom 寻根究底36.资助、赞助：subsidize v.资助, 津贴（Subsidizing cultural traditions is not a proper role of government.）patron n.资助人；赞助人（cultural patron）on the patronage of …e.g. culture has always depended primarily on the patronage of privateindividuals and businesses.under the auspices of …e.g. During this period, significant scientific advances occurred under theauspices of the government.37.增强、提高escalate v.增强,提高,升级（the escalating cost of addressing these problems）enhance/promote/augment/elevate v.(elevate notion about …）Issue 文章结构_________? The discussion of this issue among individuals and in society as a whole has come into vogue during the last decade. People’s opinions are divergent on such a complex and controversial issue. The author declares that___, however, it oversimplifies this issue. The final judgment, in my point of view, should depend on a case-by-case analysis.First and foremost, at the risk of sounding too simplistic, my main proposition for___can be summarized in one saying that___. What is more, I approve the statement that ____ without reservations in respect that____. As a consequence, ____. Let’s bring our discussion here to a more present and practical context, it can be given a concrete example:_____. Meanwhile, according to a recent survey, it is estimated that____. Similarly, ______.From a personal perspective, another essential factor why I advocate ____involves the realm of ____. No one can deny that____. Moving on to wider themes, ____. History is replete with ample evidence to demonstrate this point. A notable case in point refers to____.However, we should concede that despite the merits of ____mentioned above, overextended ___will be indeed harmful. The harm it produces is , in my view, both palpable and profound. For the individual, it has a debasing impact on _____; for the society, it may promote the tendency toward _____.To successfully curb such unfavorable blights, it is imperative for us to take several efficacious steps into consideration. In the first place, we should appeal to the authority to work out relevant regulations to _____. In the second place, we should cultivate and enhance people’s awareness that _____. In the third place, _____should pour more investment into_____.From the analyses made above, I strongly commit to the notion that _____, not only because_______, but also because_______, but it depends on_________.Issue 范文分析Sample Issue Topic"In our time, specialists of all kinds are highly over-rated. We need more generalists — people who can provide broad perspectives."Benchmark 6In this era of rapid social and technological change leading to increasing life complexity and psychological displacement, both positive and negative effects among persons in Western society call for a balance in which there are both specialists and generalists.Specialists are necessary in order to allow society as a whole to properly and usefully assimilate the masses of new information and knowledge that have come out of research and have been widely disseminated through mass global media. As the head of Pharmacology at my university once said (and I paraphrase): "I can only research what I do because there are so many who have come before me to whom I can turn for basic knowledge. It is only because of each of the narrowly focussed individuals at each step that a full and true understanding of the complexities of life can be had. Each person can only hold enough knowledge to add one small rung to the ladder, but together we can climb to the moon." This illustrates the point that our societies level of knowledge and technology is at a stage in which there simply must be specialists in order for our society to take advantage of the information available to us.Simply put, without specialists, our society would find itself bogged down in the Sargasso sea of information overload. While it was fine for early physicists to learn and understand the few laws and ideas that existed during their times, now, no one individual can possibly digest and assimilate all of the knowledge in any given area.On the other hand, Over specialization means narrow focii in which people can lose the larger picture. No one can hope to understand the human body by only inspecting one's own toe-nails. What we learn from a narrow focus may be internally logically coherent but may be irrelevant or fallacious within the framework of a broader perspective. Further, if we inspect only our toe-nails, we may conclude that the whole body is hard and white. Useful conclusions and thus perhaps useful inventions must come by sharing among specialists. Simply throwing out various discoveries means we have a pile of useless discoveries, it is only when one can make with them a mosaic that we can see that they may form a picture.Not only may over-specialization be dangerous in terms of the truth, purity and cohesion of knowledge, but it can also serve to drown moral or universal issues. Generalists and only generalists can see a broad enough picture to realize and introduce to the world the problems of the environment. With specialization, each person focusses on their research and their goals. Thus, industrialization, expansion, and new technologies are driven ahead. Meanwhile no individual can see the wholisitc view of our global existence in which true advancement may mean stifling individual specialists for the greater good of all.Finally, over-specialization in a people's daily lives and jobs has meant personal and psychological compartmentalization. People are forced into pigeon holes early in life (at least by university) and must consciously attempt to consume external forms of stimuli and information in order not to be lost in their small and isolated universe. Not only does this make for narrowly focussed and generally poorly-educated individuals, but it guarantees a sense of loss of community, often followed by a feeling of psychological displacement and personal dissatisfaction.Without generalists, society becomes inward-looking and eventually inefficient. Without a society that recognizes the importance of broad-mindedness and fora a for sharing generalities, individuals become isolated. Thus, while our form of society necessitates specialists, generalists are equally important. Specialists drive us forward in a series of thrusts while generalists make sure we are still on the jousting field and know what the stakes are.Issue 1"We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own; disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning."Do we learn more from people whose ideas we share in common than from those whose ideas contradict ours? The speaker claims so, for the reason that disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning. I concede that undue discord canimpede learning. Otherwise, in my view we learn far more from discourse and debate with those whose ideas we oppose than from people whose ideas are in accord with our own.Admittedly, under some circumstances disagreement with others can be counterproductive to learning. For supporting examples one need look no further than a television set. On today's typical television or radio talk show, disagreement usually manifests itself in meaningless rhetorical bouts and shouting matches, during which opponents vie to have their own message heard, but have little interest either in finding common ground with or in acknowledging the merits of the opponent's viewpoint. Understandably, neither the combatants nor the viewers learn anything meaningful. In fact, these battles only serve to reinforce the predispositions and biases of all concerned. The end result is that learning is impeded.Disagreement can also inhibit learning when two opponents disagree on fundamental assumptions needed for meaningful discourse and debate. For example, a student of paleontology learns little about the evolution of an animal species under current study by debating with an individual whose religious belief system precludes the possibility of evolution to begin with. And, economics and finance students learn little about the dynamics of a laissez-faire system by debating with a socialist whose view is that a centralized power should control all economic activity.Aside from the foregoing two provisos, however, I fundamentally disagree with the speaker's claim. Assuming common ground between two rational and reasonable opponents willing to debate on intellectual merits, both opponents stand to gain much from that debate. Indeed it is primarily through such debate that human knowledge advances, whether at the personal, community, or global level.At the personal level, by listening to their parents' rationale for their seemingly oppressive rules and policies teenagers can learn how certain behaviors naturally carry certain undesirable consequences. At the same time, by listening to theirteenagers' concerns about autonomy and about peer pressures parents can learn the valuable lesson that effective parenting and control are two different things. At the community level, through dispassionate dialogue an environmental activist can come to understand the legitimate economic concerns of those whose jobs depend on the continued profitable operation of a factory. Conversely, the latter might stand to learn much about the potential public health price to be paid by ensuring job growth and a low unemployment rate. Finally, at the global level, two nations with opposing political or economic interests can reach mutually beneficial agreements by striving to understand the other's legitimate concerns for its national security, its political sovereignty, the stability of its economy and currency, and so forth.In sum, unless two opponents in a debate are each willing to play on the same field and by the same rules, I concede that disagreement can impede learning. Otherwise, reasoned discourse and debate between people with opposing viewpoints is the very foundation upon which human knowledge advances.GRE ISSUE题目分类第一类社会类2．"Competition is ultimately more beneficial than detrimental to society."3．"It is more important to allocate money for immediate, existing social problems than to spend it on long-term research that might help future generations."9．"Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years that scholars' ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wider audience, their ideas will have little use."15"The stability of a society depends on how it responds to the extremes of human behavior."16"Although many people think that the luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life are entirely harmless, in fact, they actually prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals."17"There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws."19"If a society is to thrive, it must put its own overall success before the well-being of its individualcitizens."20"National governments should devote more of their social programs and services to children than to adults."22"Many people believe that a few individuals or small groups (family, friends, teachers, celebrities, for example) have caused them to think and behave in the way they do. Yet it is always society as a whole that defines us and our attitudes, not a few individuals."23"Contemporary technology makes available many small pieces of factual information. As a result, people have become so preoccupied with bits of fragmented information that they pay too little attention to the larger issues and overall perspectives."29"Public figures such as actors, politicians, and athletes should expect people to be interested in their private lives. When they seek a public role, they should expect that they will lose at least some of their privacy."33"Creating an appealing image has become more important in contemporary society than is the reality or truth behind that image."36"The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries."40"Scholars and researchers should not be concerned with whether their work makes a contribution to the larger society. It is more important that they pursue their individual interests, however unusual or idiosyncratic those interests may seem."41"Such nonmainstream areas of inquiry as astrology, fortune-telling, and psychic and paranormal pursuits play a vital role in society by satisfying human needs that are not addressed by mainstream science."46"While some leaders in government, sports, industry, and other areas attribute their success to a well-developed sense of competition, a society can better prepare its young people for leadership by instilling in them a sense of cooperation."47"Society does not place enough emphasis on the intellect—that is, on reasoning and other cognitive skills."58"The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than it solves."61"High-profile awards such as the Nobel Prize are actually damaging to society because they suggest that only a few people deserve such recognition."65"People have been so encouraged by society to focus on apparent differences that they fail to see meaningful similarities among ideas, individuals, and groups."。
考研英语写作(基础)讲义
考研基础班网络课堂写作讲义北京新东方学校王江涛第一节考研写作总论一、课程安排：1、考研写作总论：评卷实例、复习计划、学习方法、大纲解读2、应用文：书信类、告示类3、段落写作：真题透视、框架结构、启承转合4、两图写作（00、03、06、07）5、一图写作（98、01、02、04、05）6、图表作文二、评卷实例：2001年真题Directions:Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone had his/her own understanding of it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to1) show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below,2) give a specific example, and3) give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.1、20分范文：Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest. It is of the utmost importance to the human beings. Everybody not only needs love, but also should give love.As is described in the picture, “love is a lamp which is brighter in darker places.” This is indeed true. People in darker places need more light than ordinary people. Maybe even a dim lightcan give them much hope for a better life and progress. Maybe even a dim light can give them much hope for a better life and progress. Maybe just a thread of light will call forth their strength and courage to step out of their difficulties.For instance when someone is starving to death, just a little food and water from you may save his life. Or when a little girl in a poor rural area drops out of school because of poverty, just a small sum of money from you may support her to finish her schooling and change her life, you have given love which is like a lamp in a dark place where light is most needed.So to sum up, we should offer our help to all who are in need. We expect to get love from others and we also give love to others so when you see someone in difficulty or in distress and in need of help, don’t hesitate to give your love to him. I believe then the relationship between people will be harmonious and our society will be a better place for us to live in.2、18分范文It is generally believed that love is a hot topic which is most talked about. This is true not only in China but also in other countries. We live in different countries, speak different languages, but love is something common to us all. But how to show love may be different with different people in different countries. This is something we should give more thought to.As is shown in the picture, love is like a lamp which shines brightest in dark places. This tells us a simple truth: Love is like a lamp. It is most valuable when it is most needed. For example, once I saw a foreign lady get lost in the street. She could not speak Chinese and nobody seemed to be able to help her. Though my English is not very good and I am a shy person, I thought she needed help very much. I asked her what she wanted. She told me she lost her way, so I showed her the way to her hotel. It was a small thing but she thanked me very much because my help was needed very much. My help was like a lamp in dark places.I think we all should be like a lamp in a dark place, showing our love, giving our help to others, even to strangers. In this way, we can make this world a harmonious and peaceful world.三、复习计划：1、考前复习：1）攻克词汇：2）精研真题：词汇、句子结构、选项设置、英译汉、背诵3）适当模考：2、写作练习：3、时间分配：1）14：00－14：15 写作A节2）14：15－14：50 写作B节3）14：50－16：00 阅读A节4）16：00－16：20 完型填空5）16：20－16：40 阅读B节6）16：40－17：00 阅读C节第二节应用文一、学习方法：（一）提高实力：1、十遍精读：1）精彩词汇2）精彩词组3）精彩句型4）句子结构：简单句（主干＋修饰成分）、从句、时态、冠词、主谓一致5）段落结构：总分总，主题句＋论证（＋小结）6）关联词：小作文3－5个，大作文5－7个7）同义替换：词汇＋句型8）代词替换：it, that, they9）精彩观点：10）原因建议：2、背诵：滚瓜烂熟、脱口而出、多多益善3、默写：发现写作弱点4、中译英：提高写作实力5、写作：模仿（二）掌握技巧：万能框架二、大纲解读：（一）评价目标：考生应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等，还应能写一般描述性、叙述性和说明或议论性的文章。
考研英语十篇必背作文(绝密精华))
（绝密精华）新东方10大功能段落—第一段：[1.现象/现状说明段] [2.图画/图表描述段]第二段：[3.对立观点陈诉段]（四，六级多用）[4.利弊说明段][5.意义阐述段] [6.原因列军段] [7.举例段]第三段：[8.归纳结论段] [9.趋势预测段] [10建议措施段]（本次整理主要是根据新东方春季考研辅导班整理的，其中说明文只有三篇8，9，10书信，所以前七篇是重点，毕竟是20分啊！在以后的时间里，我也会把说明文10分的必背篇整理出来的，谢谢大家的支持.）第一部分图画作文（四篇）1. 关于爱心（01年真题）Love is a lamp[1.现象/现状说明段] Love is of utmost importance to us humans. Everybody not only needs love, but also should give others love. As can be seen from the picture, "love is a lamp which is brighter in darker places. " This is indeed true. People in darker places need more light than other people. Maybe even a dim light can give them much hope for a better life. Maybe just a thread of light will call forth their strength and courage to help them step out of their difficulties.[7.举例段] I can think of no better illustration of this idea than the following example(s).For instance when someone is starving to death, just a little food and water from you may save his(her) life. Again,when a little girl in a poor rural area drops out ofschool because of poverty, just a small sum of money from you may support her to finish school and change her life. In these case/circumstances you have given love which is like a lamp in a dark place where light is most needed.[8.归纳结论段] To sum up, we should offer our help to all the needed. We expect to get love from others and we also give love to others. So when you see someone in difficulty or in distress and in need of help, don't hesitate to give your love to him (her). I believe that the relationship between people will be harmonious and that our society will be a better place for us to live in.2. 空气污染(隐形杀手)[2.图画/图表描述段]Pollution is becoming more and more serious all over the world. As is shown in the cartoon, two cars are giving off waste gas and three people are trying to avoid breathing in the poisonous gas by masking their face with their hands. The poisonous gas sent off by factories, domestic appliances and automobiles has made the air unhealthy for people to breathe.[5.意义阐述段]There is no denying that automobiles are indications of civilization, progress and development; nevertheless , automobiles cause the serious problem of air pollution. Scientists have warned that unless effective measures are taken, the problem of pollution will eventually get out of hand. Actually, people are showing a real concern over theproblem. For example, there is an increasingly loudvoice from the public for firm action against pollution from automobiles.[10建议措施段]Indeed, the earth is our home and we have the duty to take care of it for ourselves and for our descendants. In my opinion, we should work out concrete solutions to the problem of pollution from poisonous gas given off by automobiles. For example, the automobiles should be equipped with a device which can dispose of waste gas so as to prevent it from polluting air. Only in this way can we really solve the problem of air pollution caused by automobiles.3. 沙漠化[2.图画/图表描述段]As is shown in the picture, we can see clearly the relation ship between people and desert. In the left hand picture, people are fleeing from greedy sand hills because they cut down all the trees. The caption reads, ”As the sand advances, we retreat.” In the right hand picture, the people have returned carrying tools, water, and young trees to plant the land again. The caption reads: “As we advance, the sand retreats. ”[5.意义阐述段]It seems to me that the cartoonist is sending a message about the importance of trees in water and soil conservation and the need for everyone to fight against the danger of the desertification. In fact, what he is saying is that the sand hills will drive away from the land if we do fightagainst the sand. If we let this situation continue as it is , our environment will suffer a great destruction.[10.建议措施段]The best way to fight back against the greedy desert in made clear in the second picture. There the local people are actively setting about the task of planting trees to reclaim the land and make it fertile. The fact that there are three people in the picture, each with a different job suggests that working together is the key to success in the battle against soil erosion.4. 商业捕鱼（00年真题）A Brief History of World Commercial Fishing[2.图表描述段] As is shown in the pictures ,with the increase of commercial fishing ,the number of fishes dramatically(sharply) decreased .In one pictures ,there were various kinds of fish and only one fishing-boat in 1900 .On the contrary ,in1995 there was only one fish ,with many fishing-boats. [5.意义阐述段] The purpose of this picture is to show us that due (great enough) attention has to be paid to the decrease (decline) of ocean resources .Owing to over-fishing the number of fishes has obviously dropped .If we let this situation go (continue) as it is ,we do not know where fish will be in the future .By that time ,our environment will suffer a great destruction .[10.建议措施段] Therefore ,it is imperative for us to take drastic (effective) measures .For one thing ,we should appeal to our authorities to make strict laws to control commercial fishing .For another ,we should enhance(imperative arouse) the awareness ofpeople that the ocean resources are very vital to us .Only in this way can we protect our ocean resources .Also I believe that we humans can overcome this difficulty ,and we will have a brighter future .第二部分图表作文（三篇）5. 人口增长对野生动物的影响（99年真题）[2.图画/图表描述段] From these graphs, we can drawa conclusion that, with the growth of human population, the number of species has decreased rapidly in America, and some species have even vanished from our planet.[6.原因列军段]Why does this phenomenon appear? There are several possible reasons for this. Above all, as the human population grows rapidly, a growing number of people came to live where some wild species have been living. Then these species have to move to other places. Some of them probably can not adapt to the new environment and die. In addition, although many people look on the wildlife as their friends, some people may not think so. They catch a lot of wild animals and sell them in order to get more money. Even worse(坏)/More importantly(好), as the result（中性）/consequence （贬义）of the industry, the natural balance and the ecologic environment are destroyed. The clear cutting has become increasingly serious. So some of the wildlife become homeless and extinct.[10.建议措施段]In order to protect the wildlife, I have some suggestions. First, the governments should make laws to prevent them from being caught andkilled. Second, the governments should educate people to love nature and protect it. Third, as for ourselves, we should take practical actions to protect our living environment.6 烟草生产和消费（01年大纲样题）[1.现象/现状说明段]The majority of people would agree that cigarette smoking has caused serious problems. But the tobacco companies insist that they contribute greatly to the world economy by paying taxes to the government and employing hundreds of workers.[4.利弊说明段]Personally, I believe that cigarette production and consumption threatens to do more harm than good. Firstly, smoking is responsible for many fatal diseases such as lung cancer, heart diseases and so on. According to the survey, tobacco consumers account for about 20% of the world population, and among them, three million people die from smoking-related diseases every year. The fact that the output of tobacco production is reduced from 143.64 billion pounds in 1994 to 142 billion pounds in 1995 also suggests that people have come to realize the negative effects of smoking. Secondly, tobacco consumption is extremely wasteful of money. As is indicated in the pictures, 200 billion US dollars is lost due to smoking each year. Obviously, the total loss of money around the globe substantially exceeds the gain in the industry.[8.归纳结论段]In conclusion, as the economic development aims at making our life better, we cannot sacrifice our health for short-term financial benefits. If we have to spend more and more moneyproviding medical services for those who suffer from smoking-related illnesses, the notion of promoting economy via tobacco production is not justifiable. It is high time that we fought for the total tobacco ban.7. 日用花销统计Statistics in People's Daily Expenses in Xi'an YearItem 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Food 66% 61% 48% 41% 36% Clothing 9% 10% 12% 15% 18% Recreation 4% 5% 8% 9% 11%[2.图画/图表描述段]What is shown in the table above indicates that dramatic changes have taken place in the daily expenses in Xi' an from 1995 to 1999. The expenses on food have declined by 30% while those on clothing and recreation have increased respectively by 9% and 7%. The statistics of rise and fall seem to exist in isolation but closely related to one another.[6.原因列军段]There are two factors accounting for these changes. Development in economy is an essential one in the five years. The increased income resulting from economic growth plays an important part in the less expense on food. Hence, a small percentage of total income is enough to cover food expense. Another one is the changes in life style. When food presents no worry to the average, people begin to focus more of interest on handsome appearance and happy leisure time. As a result of such a shift, spending on clothing and recreation increased year after year.[9.趋势预测段]From the analyses made above, we may come to the conclusion that people's livingstandards in Xi' an have been constantly improved between 1995 and 1999. With the further growth in economy and more changes in life style, the tendency indicated in the table will continue in the table will continue in the better direction.第三部分事务信函（三篇）8.咨询信A letter of InquiryYou wish to study at a certain foreign university. Write a letter inquiring about the situation there as regards accommodation, fees and qualifications.Dear SirI am a Chinese citizen who wishes to study at your university. My plan is to start my course next term, and I would be grateful if you would be kind enough to provide me with certain essential information. First, what qualifications do I need to follow a course of study at your university? I already have a master’s degree from a university here in China, but I wonder if there are any further academic requirements. Second, how much are the tuition fees? Although I intend to be self – supporting, I would be interested to hear if there are any scholarships available for international students. Third, what is the situation as regards accommodation? I would prefer a single room, which is more conducive to studying, but if single rooms are expensive, I would be willing to share.I look forward to your reply, and to attending your esteemed institution.Yours sincerely,Li Ming9. 请求信 A Letter of RequestYou find that your study load is too heavy. Write a letter to your college teacher explaining why you need to withdraw from two courses. Ask if it is possible to obtain a refund.Dear Prof. James,I am writing to formally request to withdraw from two courses: Introduction to Elementary Education (EDU 602) and Teaching Methods (EDU 619).The main reason for reducing my course load is that I am finding it extremely difficult to manage six courses. In the beginning of the term, I was perhaps overly optimistic about juggling both my full – time studies and my part –time job (20 hours/week). Because I really must work part time, I have no other choice but to decrease my course load. I am planning on taking the two courses during the summer semester, if they are available, so that I will be able to complete all the courses for the degree program by the following year.I would also like to request a tuition refund, and hope I am not too late to receive the full reimbursement. I am sorry for any inconveniences I have caused bythis change in plans. This decision was not taken lightly, and I do appreciate the king consideration you have shown to me.Thank you for your attention to these requests. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me at 277-9144. I look forward to hearing from you soon.Sincerely yours,Jane Carter10．建议信 A Letter of Advice/Suggestion You have a friend who is about to enter university, and he wants you to advise him on which subject to specialize in – history, in which he is very interested, or computer science, which offers better job prospects.Dear John,You have asked me for my advice concerning whether you should study history or computer science at university, and I will try to make some useful suggestions.You must keep in mind that, above all, your university training is a preparation for your future career. Therefore, your first consideration should be to study a subject which will best equip you to earn a living. There is no doubt that the field of computers offers far job opportunities than history.Besides, we are now in the age of the high -technology revolution. For the foreseeable future,not only will it be necessary for everyone to be computer - literate, it will also be necessary for them to be equipped with computer skills merely to earn a living! History, I'm afraid, however fascinating it may be, offers few career prospects.Of course, you don't have to devote all your time at university to studying computers and nothing else. On the contrary, I would recommend that you keep up your reading of history in your spare time. That way, you will find that your leisure hours are enriched while you prepare yourself for a worthwhile career in computers.Yours sincerely, James—————————————————————————————全世界都可以放弃，只是不能没有你的消息……垃圾丁于2004年9月15日/辽宁.鞍山整理11。
新东方考前串讲讲义(Writing)
新东方考前串讲讲义：12月英语四级作文讲义四、六级改革后，作文是惟一不会也不可能改动的部分，其出题方式会基本沿袭以往稳健、成熟的出题风格。
本文中，笔者将给大家讲述作文应试的战略性理论以及得分技巧即战术操作。
博弈写作考试就好像一次“博弈”。
在写作考试中，考生是真正拥有最多信息的人，考官仅仅只能被动地接受你所给的信息。
所以，作文中遣词造句时请切记两点：一、“不会说的”处理；二、经典句的应用得分技巧分析四、六级作文在准备和对策上基本一致，因为两者评分标准基本一致(除了字数上的差距：四级120词、六级150词)。
英语考试的作文大多可分为：1、正反论证；2、原因现象描述类；3、图表；4、名言谚语。
所谓的书信作文，无非就是在这四类的基础上，套用信件的格式而已。
作文得分技巧总结：1、卷面整洁，书写清楚2、构思简单，少犯错误3、中心突出，层次分明4、固定经典，名言注目5、重在变化，宁简勿滥下面就对以上5点在应试作文中的应用展开具体说明：第一、卷面整洁，书写清楚。
由于写作属于主观题型，故考官将依据主观印象进行评判。
卷面的好坏将在第一时间冲击考官对你作文的印象。
所以，建议各位考生先想清楚后动笔，减少涂改几率，让考官能清楚无误地看清你答卷的内容。
另外，新的四、六级考试中会有部分考区的试卷被扫描至电脑，这些考区的考官将会在电脑前批阅作文，因此考生们最好使用黑色水笔做答，以保证扫描效果。
写作的格式有两种：齐头式(full block form)和缩进式(indented form)。
采用齐头式，要求所有段落的首行都在左边顶格，段落中间空行。
缩进式要求每段首行缩进4~5个字母。
第二、构思简单，少犯错误。
请大家一定记住，作文只在考核他们的语言表达能力。
避免犯错误。
（思维。
标点，时态一致，单复数，结构。
6分原则。
写完后的检查）第三、中心突出，层次分明。
从近几年的四级考试作文看来，尽管实用性提高了，但行文大多可以套用“中心句＋1、2、3”模式。
新东方考研英语阅读与写作笔记
新东方考研英语阅读与写作笔记新东方考研英语阅读与写作笔记一、阅读部分新东方考研英语阅读部分主要包括长篇阅读和短篇阅读两个部分。
长篇阅读主要考察学生对于文章主旨和细节的理解能力，短篇阅读主要考察学生对于文章逻辑结构和作者观点的理解能力。
以下是笔者总结的一些阅读技巧和备考建议。
1. 阅读技巧(1) 预览：通过阅读题目、题干和文章开头，快速了解文章的主题和结构，掌握文章的大意，有助于把握文章的重点和理顺文章的思路。
(2) 留意关键词：关键词是指在文章中出现频率较高的词语，一般与文章的主题和论点相关。
留意关键词能够帮助我们快速找到文章中的信息，提高阅读效率。
(3) 理解语篇结构：语篇结构是指文章的组织结构和段落之间的逻辑关系。
理解语篇结构有助于我们把握文章的逻辑脉络，更好地理解作者的观点和意图。
2. 备考建议(1) 提高阅读速度：考研英语阅读部分的时间是有限的，因此提高阅读速度是非常重要的。
建议多做一些速度训练，增加阅读量，提高阅读效率。
(2) 增加词汇量：词汇是阅读的基础，掌握更多的词汇可以帮助我们更好地理解文章的内容。
建议多背单词，积累词汇，特别是一些常见的高频词汇。
(3) 多做模拟题：通过做模拟题可以更好地了解考研英语阅读的题型和出题思路，提高解题能力。
建议多做一些真题和模拟题，分析解题思路和方法。
二、写作部分新东方考研英语写作部分主要包括作文和翻译两个部分。
作文一般考察学生对于一个话题的分析和论述能力，翻译一般考察学生对于中英文语言结构和表达方式的理解能力。
以下是笔者总结的一些写作技巧和备考建议。
1. 写作技巧(1) 明确论点：写作时要明确自己的论点或立场，有一个明确的中心思想，并在全文中有机地组织论据和例证来支持自己的观点。
(2) 合理组织结构：写作时应分段落进行，每个段落都要有明确的主题句，并通过合理的连接词和过渡句将各个段落组织起来，使文章结构清晰，逻辑严密。
(3) 多用复杂句：在写作中，适当使用一些复杂的句子结构能够提高文章的语言表达能力和得分效果，增加文章的亮点。
新东方雅思写作讲义
雅思写作完全攻略Total Solution of IELTS Writing俞伟国－2009－雅思考试作文部分题型课时安排：Marking SystemEssay WritingIntroductionBodyConclusionStructureReport Writing近年雅思考试中国大陆考区作文部分得分情况(From Mat Clark)Band4 or below: 15%-20% Band5: 60% Band6: 15%-20% Band7: <5% Band8 or above: RareKey Language Features in Marking SystemTask Response:1. No evidence of digression/irrelevant content2. Adequate Words3. Position + Supporting Ideas + DevelopmentCoherence and Cohesion1.Logical overall structure2.Topic Sentence3.Cohesive devicesLexical Resource1.Accurateness2.Authentic Vocabulary (Less-common Vocabulary)3.VarietyGrammatical Range and Accuracy1.Accuratenessplex Sentence3.Variety欢迎光临俞老师的BLOG:Chapter One－Essay Writing第一章. 议论文完全攻略______________________________________________________________________ _____________________________Part One－Introduction－闪亮开篇－－Version 5.7－Structure of Introduction1. Background Information(1). Lead-in Sentence (Introduce the subject of the topic)(2). Public Opinion2. Statement(State your position)1．主体背景（Background Information）(1) In the last century, the first man walking on the moon said: “It is a big step for mankind”. However, some people think it ma de______________________________, when ________________________________________________________________for the first time, he _____________________________________________________ that it was a great step for mankind. Nowadays, however, some people believe that it actually _____________________________________________________Language Skill: Paraphrase方法之一－具体化(笼统概念－缩小范围)(2) Food can be produced much more cheaply today because of improved fertilizers and better machinery. However, some people think the methods used to do this may have negative effects on local communities and be dangerous to human health.Nowadays people can _______________ food far more _______________ _________________________ more _______________ fertilizers and machinery. Nevertheless, some people hold the methods used may ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________Language Skill:Paraphrase 方法之二－单词转换（优先考虑三大词类：）Paraphrase方法之三－句型转换（方法1 ）(方法2)(3) Many people say teachers should only teach students academic subjects；Others say teachers should also take the responsibility of teaching students to judge what is right and wrong.Some people hold the opinion that ______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________While some argue that ______________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________Language Skill: 句型转换(方法3)(4) Some people believe that air travel should be prohibited as it uses up fuel resources and causes pollution. Do you agree or disagree with the statement? You should use your own experience to support your argument.According to some __________, air travel should be _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________Language Skill: Paraphrase思路顺序：单词转换>句型转换>具体化(5Some people propose that___________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________Language Skill:句型转换(方法4)(6). In modern society, there are more and more old people, do you think its benefits outweigh its disadvantages?______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________Language Skill:信息量偏少的Topic Introduction写作对策追根溯源法－Factor(s) [因]－Phenomenon (Subject) [果]2. 总论点(Statement)Topic－If children behave badly, should their parents accept responsibility and also be punished?Average Example：In my opinion, the parents should not be punished. Decent Example：In my opinion, the parents should not be punished except that (unless) they are those who purposefully teach the child to behave badly.Topic－Some people think that it is beneficial for students to go to private secondary schools. But others feel that it has negative effects on them. Discuss the both viewpointsFrom my point of view, it is an ideal choice to send children to private middle schools ______________________________Exercise1: Topic－Should college students be allowed to get married?______________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________Language Skill:句型转换(方法5)Exercise2: Topic－Should college students be encouraged to take up part-time jobs?______________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________Language Skill:句型转换(方法6)3. Report－Introduction写作对策Today, the phenomenon that_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________has aroused growing concern.In my opinion, a lot of factors contribute to the problem and in this article, I would like to _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________*This phenomenon, as far as I am concerned, can be attributed to the following causes, which could be regarded as the apple of discord.Structure of Report Introduction1. Lead-in Sentence (Paraphrase the first sentence in the topic)2. Plan A: Essay StatementPlan B: Linking SentenceExercise1:Exercise2: Topic－Pressure on the school and university students is increasing and students are pushed to studyExercise3: Topic－欢迎光临俞老师的BLOG:Part Two－Body－中流砥柱－－Version 6.5－分论点的要求：1.字数要求：One complex sentence preferred. Around 20 words.2. 分论点四项基本原则：(1). 内容原则：分论点应该体现为一种_____________________________并且与总论点为_________________关系。
新东方英语考研满分作文
新东方英语考研满分作文英文回答：In recent years, there has been a growing trend in the number of people taking the English postgraduate entrance exam in China. This trend can be attributed to several factors. Firstly, with the increasing globalization, English has become an essential tool for communication in various fields. Therefore, more and more students are eager to improve their English proficiency in order to have a better chance in the job market. Secondly, pursuing a postgraduate degree in an English-speaking country has become a popular choice for many Chinese students, which requires a high score in the English entrance exam. As a result, the competition in the exam has become increasingly fierce.To achieve a high score in the English postgraduate entrance exam, students need to have a solid foundation in English grammar, vocabulary, and reading comprehension. They also need to develop good writing skills and speaking fluency. In addition, it is crucial for students topractice past exam papers and familiarize themselves withthe exam format and requirements. Moreover, seeking help from experienced teachers and attending English training courses can also be beneficial for students' preparation.中文回答：近年来，中国参加英语研究生入学考试的人数呈上升趋势。
考研英语一大作文范文(新东方版)
考研英语一大作文范文（新东方版）范文：(When the issue of teaching and learning / education / role model arouses wide concern from the public, can we still stand there, hesitating for what occurs?) As we can see from the depiction, a father, sitting in front of a television which broadcasts some kinds of soap operas, is appreciating nuts and bolts of these invariable plots, without any caring about his kids. Actually, it is a Morning Call to send us a message that we adults always perform something wasting much of precious time, thus spoiling youth as every second elapses.(But my own worry today is less that of the overwhelming problem of common housewives or househusbands than it is of the slightly more luxurious agony of the decline in time-managing ability even of the educated teenagers.) Several factors could weigh heavily for this degeneration, yet, suspended at the top of the list are the following two aspects. To begin with, habit is habit. We parents are good at giving ourselves sufficient excuses to support what we always do in our daily life. If one example is needed, I could not but mention the following well-known scientist, whose name is Freud, illuminating that a kind of habit, representing a sense of spiritual existence, can never be changed as long as continuing for 47 days, nor is this kind of negative model behaviors. Furthermore, externally, our society is witnessing an overwhelming number of low-level TV programs, ranging from entertaining shows, TV talk shows and TV series to some other inferior products, which differ in forms as well as broadcasting time but never in their contents. Then, the consequence is distinct. It goes with no exaggeration to say that soap opera ruins the concept of “Like father, like son”.Fortunately, that is not the Day of Judgment. It is, undoubtedly, the very time that we should take some available methods to end up these inappropriate behaviors, including laying down the effective regulations to arrange family time, shaping a moderate education / family outlook and guaranteeing more rational lifestyles.大家可以看到，用小黄书第一篇范文，只需改不到20个单词，就能出来一篇上乘的范文。
新东方考研英语作文初中
新东方考研英语作文初中Introduction:The journey to excel in middle school English composition as part of the New Oriental exam preparation can be both challenging and rewarding. With the right strategies, students can significantly improve their writing skills and achieve high scores in their exams. This article will explore effective techniques to master English composition at the middle school level.1. Understanding the Essay Prompt:- Carefully read and analyze the essay prompt to grasp the requirements.- Identify the key elements of the prompt, such as the topic, the type of essay (narrative, descriptive, persuasive, etc.), and any specific questions to be addressed.2. Brainstorming Ideas:- Generate a list of ideas related to the essay topic.- Organize these ideas into categories or themes to help structure the essay.3. Outlining the Composition:- Create a clear outline that includes an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.- Ensure that each body paragraph has a central idea that supports the main thesis.4. Writing the Introduction:- Start with a strong hook to grab the reader's attention. - Clearly state the thesis or main argument of the essay.5. Developing Body Paragraphs:- Each paragraph should focus on one main idea that supports the thesis.- Use topic sentences to introduce each paragraph's main idea.- Provide evidence, examples, or anecdotes to back up your points.- Conclude each paragraph with a concluding sentence that transitions to the next point.6. Crafting the Conclusion:- Summarize the main points of the essay without merely repeating them.- Restate the thesis in a new way to reinforce your argument.- End with a closing statement that leaves a lasting impression on the reader.7. Vocabulary and Grammar:- Use a diverse and appropriate range of vocabulary to express your ideas.- Ensure correct grammar, punctuation, and sentence structure to enhance clarity.8. Practice and Revision:- Write multiple drafts to refine your essay.- Seek feedback from teachers or peers and incorporateconstructive criticism.- Revise your work to improve coherence, flow, and overall impact.9. Time Management:- Allocate sufficient time for planning, writing, and revising your essay.- During exams, keep an eye on the clock to ensure you complete your composition within the allotted time.10. Familiarity with Exam Format:- Understand the specific requirements and format of the New Oriental exam.- Practice writing under timed conditions to simulate the exam environment.Conclusion:Mastering middle school English composition is an essential skill for academic success. By following these strategies and dedicating time to practice, students can significantly enhance their writing abilities and achieve their goals in New Oriental's exam preparation. Remember, consistent effort and a willingness to learn from feedback are key to improvement.。
考研英语作文新东方
考研英语作文新东方I can't believe it's already time to start preparingfor the postgraduate entrance exam. It feels like just yesterday I was finishing up my undergraduate degree and now here I am, facing the daunting task of studying for the next big step in my academic career.The thought of diving back into studying after a brief break is both exciting and nerve-wracking. I know that the next few months are going to be intense, but I also feel ready to take on the challenge. There's a part of me that's eager to get back into the rhythm of learning and pushing myself to new heights.One of the things I'm most looking forward to is the opportunity to delve deeper into my chosen field of study. During my undergraduate years, I only scratched the surface of the topics that truly interested me. Now, I have the chance to explore them in greater detail and gain a more comprehensive understanding of the subject matter.Of course, along with the excitement comes a fair amount of anxiety. The postgraduate entrance exam is no walk in the park, and the competition is fierce. It's easy to feel overwhelmed when I think about the amount of work that lies ahead and the pressure to perform well. But I'm determined to stay focused and not let the stress get the best of me.As I begin to map out my study plan, I'm reminded of the importance of balance. It's crucial to find a routine that allows for dedicated study time while also making room for relaxation and self-care. I know that burning myself out won't do me any favors, so I'm committed to finding a healthy equilibrium.Despite the challenges that lie ahead, I'm optimistic about the journey that awaits me. I know that the road to postgraduate studies won't be easy, but I also believe that the hard work will be worth it in the end. I'm ready toroll up my sleeves and give it my all.。
新东方英语作文考研
新东方英语作文考研I remember the first time I took the New Oriental English composition exam for the postgraduate entrance examination. It was a nerve-wracking experience, but also a valuable opportunity to showcase my writing skills. The topics were challenging, but I tried my best to express my thoughts clearly and concisely.One of the most important things I learned from preparing for the exam was the importance of practice. Writing regularly helped me improve my vocabulary, grammar, and overall writing style. I also found it helpful to read a wide variety of English texts to expand my knowledge and understanding of different writing techniques.During the exam, I tried to stay calm and focused, even when faced with difficult prompts. I made sure to plan out my essay before starting to write, organizing my ideas in a logical and coherent manner. This helped me stay on track and ensure that my essay was well-structured and easy tofollow.After finishing the exam, I felt a sense of accomplishment and relief. I knew that I had given it myall and that whatever the outcome, I had learned and grown as a writer. The experience taught me the importance of perseverance and hard work, and I am grateful for the opportunity to challenge myself and improve my English writing skills.Overall, the New Oriental English composition exam was a challenging but rewarding experience. It pushed me out of my comfort zone and helped me develop my writing abilities in ways I never thought possible. I am proud of how far I have come, and I look forward to continuing to hone my skills and become an even better writer in the future.。
新东方考研英语作文素材
新东方考研英语作文素材Introduction to Essay Writing for Postgraduate Entrance ExaminationWhen preparing for the postgraduate entrance examination, essay writing is a critical component that can significantly impact your overall score. The essays are designed to assess your ability to express complex ideas clearly, logically, and persuasively in English. Here are some key points to consider when crafting your essays:1. Understanding the Prompt: Always ensure you fully understand the essay prompt. It's essential to know what is being asked of you before you begin to write.2. Planning Your Response: Before you start writing, take afew minutes to plan your essay. Outline the main points you want to cover and the structure of your essay.3. Clear and Concise Language: Use clear and concise language. Avoid unnecessary jargon and complex sentences that might confuse the reader.4. Coherence and Cohesion: Ensure your essay flows logically from one point to the next. Use transitional phrases to connect your ideas.5. Developing an Argument: If the essay is argumentative,present a clear thesis statement and support it with well-reasoned arguments and evidence.6. Proofreading: Always proofread your essay for grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, and clarity of expression.Common Essay Topics1. Education and Learning: Discuss the importance of education, the role of technology in learning, or the valueof different educational approaches.2. Technology and Society: Explore the impact oftechnological advancements on society, including both the benefits and potential drawbacks.3. Environmental Issues: Analyze the causes and effects of environmental problems and propose solutions.4. Cultural Diversity: Reflect on the significance ofcultural diversity and its contribution to a globalized world.5. Ethical Dilemmas: Consider moral and ethical issues thatare relevant to contemporary society.6. Health and Well-being: Discuss the factors that contribute to a healthy lifestyle and the challenges faced inmaintaining well-being.Sample Essay StructureTitle: The Impact of Technology on EducationIntroduction:- Hook: Start with a thought-provoking question or statement related to the role of technology in education.- Thesis statement: Clearly state your position on the impact of technology on educational systems.Body Paragraphs:1. Discuss how technology has made education more accessible. - Supporting details: Mention online courses and digital resources.2. Explore the benefits of technology in enhancing teaching methods.- Supporting details: Include examples of interactive learning tools and personalized learning experiences.3. Address the challenges and potential downsides of technology in education.- Supporting details: Discuss issues such as digital divide, distraction, and the need for technical literacy.Conclusion:- Restate your thesis: Reinforce your main argument.- Summarize key points: Briefly recap the main ideas discussed in the body.- Closing thoughts: Offer a final perspective on the future of technology in education.Useful Vocabulary- Accessibility: The ability to be reached or entered.- Cohesion: The state of sticking or holding together.- Dilemma: A situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two or more alternatives, especially equally undesirable ones.- Ethical: Relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these.- Globalization: The process of international integration arising from the exchange of ideas, products, and other phenomena.- Well-being: The state of being in good health, especially as an actively pursued goal.ConclusionPreparing for essay writing in the postgraduate entrance examination requires a deep understanding of the topics, a clear structure, and a rich vocabulary. By focusing on these elements and practicing regularly, you can enhance your essay writing skills and improve your chances of success in the examination.。
新东方精讲作文在哪
新东方精讲作文在哪英文回答：The New Oriental Intensive Writing Class can be found on the official website of New Oriental Education & Technology Group Inc. They offer a comprehensive coursethat focuses on improving writing skills for various purposes, such as academic essays, business letters, and creative writing. The class is designed to help students enhance their language proficiency and develop effective writing techniques.The New Oriental Intensive Writing Class provides a structured curriculum with interactive lessons and practice exercises. The instructors are experienced and knowledgeable in the field of writing, and they provide personalized feedback and guidance to help students improve their writing abilities.In addition to the regular classes, New Oriental alsooffers workshops and seminars on specific writing topics, such as grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structure. These additional resources can further enhance students' writing skills and help them overcome common challenges in writing.Overall, the New Oriental Intensive Writing Class is a great choice for those who want to improve their writing skills in both English and Chinese. The course materials are comprehensive, and the instructors are dedicated to helping students succeed. Whether you are a student preparing for exams or a professional looking to enhance your communication skills, this class can provide you with the necessary tools and techniques to become a better writer.中文回答：新东方精讲作文课程可以在新东方教育科技集团官方网站上找到。
考研英语作文新东方
考研英语作文新东方考研英语作文是许多考生在备考过程中需要特别关注的一个部分。
新东方作为知名的教育培训机构，提供了许多关于考研英语作文的辅导资源和技巧。
以下是一些新东方英语老师可能会给出的建议和策略：1. 理解题目要求：在开始写作之前，仔细阅读题目，确保你完全理解了作文的指令和要求。
2. 明确论点：确定你的主要论点，并在文章中清晰地表达出来。
这将帮助你保持文章的聚焦和逻辑性。
3. 结构清晰：考研英语作文通常要求有清晰的结构，包括引言、主体段落和结论。
确保你的作文有这三个部分，并且每个部分都紧密相关。
4. 使用恰当的词汇和句型：选择恰当的词汇和句型来表达你的观点。
避免使用过于简单或过于复杂的词汇，保持语言的准确性和流畅性。
5. 注意语法和拼写：语法错误和拼写错误会影响作文的整体质量。
在写作时注意语法规则，并在提交前检查拼写。
6. 练习写作：定期练习写作，可以帮助你提高写作速度和质量。
新东方提供模拟试题和写作练习，可以帮助你熟悉考试格式。
7. 阅读范文：阅读优秀的考研英语作文范文，可以帮助你学习如何组织文章结构，如何使用恰当的语言和表达。
8. 时间管理：在考试中，合理分配时间至关重要。
练习在规定时间内完成作文，以确保你有足够的时间来检查和修改。
9. 个性化表达：尽管考研英语作文有一定的格式要求，但你仍可以在文章中展示你的个性化表达和独到见解。
10. 参加辅导班：如果可能，参加新东方的考研英语辅导班，可以获得专业的指导和反馈，帮助你提高写作技巧。
通过遵循这些策略和建议，你可以在考研英语作文部分取得更好的成绩。
记住，持续的练习和反思是提高写作能力的关键。
新东方李逸飞——考研英语(一)大作文2008年考题解析
英语（一）2008年考题“合作”Directions:Write an essay of 160~200 words based on the following drawing, In your essay, you should1.describe the picture briefly,2.explain its intended meaning, and then3.give your comments.审题构思这幅图画的内容是：在一片荒原上，两个人相互扶持着向远方奔走。
这两个人都是残疾人，分别缺失了一条腿。
通过合作的方式，他们取长补短，像健康人一样向前快速行走，从而实现他们走南闯北的梦想。
只要稍加思考，我们不难得出这幅图画的含义：人与人之间应该学会合作，这样可以提高做事效率，更加容易取得成功。
谋篇布局三段内容大致安排如下：第一段，描述图画；第二段，进行联系实际进行论证和举例论证，讨论该图的寓意；第三段，概括自己的观点，提出建议措施。
参考范文In the cartoon above, two handicapped men, with their broken legs tied together, are running forward, leaving the dust flying behind them. Furthermore, there is a caption under the picture, which reads, “You stretchout your healthy leg and I reach out my healthy right leg; let’s walk toget her north and south.” The cartoon symbolically illustrated that, pooling their efforts together,they can abandon the crutches they depended on before to and overcome their disabilities.What the drawing mirrors is the miraculous effect of cooperation. Originally, neither of the two handicapped men is able to walk independently without a pair of crutches. However, when they cooperate with each other they can run forward together. Actually, cooperation plays an important role in our society. For instance, no single individual can progress without the help of others. Also, a football team cannot win the game without full cooperation. While last but not least, solidarity and friendship are traditional virtues of our nation, which make our life more comfortable.In conclusion, it is obvious that cooperation, or rather solidarity and friendship, is of great importance in our daily lives. As a famous quotation from the ancient Greek Aesop’s Fables put it, “United we stand, divided we fall.”亮点表达1.handicapped 残疾的2.pool efforts together 通力合作3.crutches 拐杖4.play an important role in 在……中扮演着重要的角色5.solidarity 团结6.united we stand, divided we fall 团结则存，分裂则亡。
新东方雅思写作最全讲义分析整理版_Topics
精心整理一、教育（共25题，占%）1. In countries where there is a high rate of unemployment, most pupils should be offered only primary education. There is no point in offering secondary education to those who have no hope of finding a job.不同意：中学教育是一个重要的德育阶段，如果在这个时候中断，带来的不仅仅是失业这样的问题，还有青少年犯罪等社会问题vital ?stage for moral education. If it was interrupted, numerous of social problem/headaches may create as juvenile delinquency. (正如马克吐温说：你每关闭一所学校，你就必须开设一座监狱。
Every time you stop a school, you will have to build a jail ）教育能够帮助培养个人素质；提高劳动力的素质，从而提高生产效率，推动社会发展，从根本上解决失业的问题。
do a favor to/be beneficial（advantageous, preferable) to personal quality, enhance/boost/promote the quality of the labor force, thereby increase production efficiency, social development, solve the problem of unemployment从长远来看，如果受过更高的教育，则有更多的机会找到好的工作。
In a long run／term, if pupils could receive better education, they may have far more opportunities to find better jobs.教育的作用不仅仅应当局限在找工作，而是为了将来更好的发展。
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考研基础班网络课堂写作讲义北京新东方学校王江涛第一节考研写作总论一、课程安排：1、考研写作总论：评卷实例、复习计划、学习方法、大纲解读2、应用文：书信类、告示类3、段落写作：真题透视、框架结构、启承转合4、两图写作（00、03、06、07）5、一图写作（98、01、02、04、05）6、图表作文二、评卷实例：2001年真题Directions:Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone had his/her ownunderstanding of it.There has been a discussion recently on the issuein a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to1) show your understanding of the symbolic meaningof the picture below,2) give a specific example, and3) give your suggestion as to the best way to showlove.1、20分范文：Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest. It is of the utmostimportance to the human beings. Everybody not onlyneeds love, but also should give love.As is described in the picture, “love is a lampwhich is b righter in darker places.” This isindeed true. People in darker places need more light than ordinary people. Maybe even a dim light can give them much hope for a better life and progress. Maybe even a dim light can give them much hope for a better life and progress. Maybe just a thread of light will call forth theirstrength and courage to step out of theirdifficulties.For instance when someone is starving to death, just a little food and water from you may save his life. Or when a little girl in a poor rural area drops out of school because of poverty, just a small sum of money from you may support her to finish her schooling and change her life, you have given love which is like a lamp in a dark placewhere light is most needed.So to sum up, we should offer our help to all who are in need. We expect to get love from others and we also give love to others so when you see someone in difficulty or in distress and in needof help, don’t hesitate to give your love to him.I believe then the relationship between peoplewill be harmonious and our society will be abetter place for us to live in.2、18分范文It is generally believed that love is a hot topicwhich is most talked about. This is true not onlyin China but also in other countries. We live in different countries, speak different languages,but love is something common to us all. But how to show love may be different with different peoplein different countries. This is something weshould give more thought to.As is shown in the picture, love is like a lampwhich shines brightest in dark places. This tellsus a simple truth: Love is like a lamp. It is most valuable when it is most needed. For example, onceI saw a foreign lady get lost in the street. Shecould not speak Chinese and nobody seemed to be able to help her. Though my English is not verygood and I am a shy person, I thought she neededhelp very much. I asked her what she wanted. Shetold me she lost her way, so I showed her the wayto her hotel. It was a small thing but she thankedme very much because my help was needed very much. My help was like a lamp in dark places.I think we all should be like a lamp in a darkplace, showing our love, giving our help toothers, even to strangers. In this way, we canmake this world a harmonious and peaceful world.三、复习计划：1、考前复习：1）攻克词汇：2）精研真题：词汇、句子结构、选项设置、英译汉、背诵3）适当模考：2、写作练习：3、时间分配：1）14：00－14：15 写作A节2）14：15－14：50 写作B节3）14：50－16：00 阅读A节4）16：00－16：20 完型填空5）16：20－16：40 阅读B节6）16：40－17：00 阅读C节第二节应用文一、学习方法：（一）提高实力：1、十遍精读：1）精彩词汇2）精彩词组3）精彩句型4）句子结构：简单句（主干＋修饰成分）、从句、时态、冠词、主谓一致5）段落结构：总分总，主题句＋论证（＋小结）6）关联词：小作文3－5个，大作文5－7个7）同义替换：词汇＋句型8）代词替换：it, that, they9）精彩观点：10）原因建议：2、背诵：滚瓜烂熟、脱口而出、多多益善3、默写：发现写作弱点4、中译英：提高写作实力5、写作：模仿（二）掌握技巧：万能框架二、大纲解读：（一）评价目标：考生应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等，还应能写一般描述性、叙述性和说明或议论性的文章。
短文写作时，考生应能：1）做到语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当；2）遵循文章的特定文体格式；3）合理组织文章结构，使其内容统一、连贯；4）根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当使用语域。
（二）考试内容：该部分由A、B两节组成，考查考生的书面表达能力。
总分30分。
A节：考生根据所给情景写出一篇约100词（标点符号不计算在内）的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等。
考生在答题卡2上作答。
满分10分。
B节：要求考生根据提示信息写出一篇160－200词的短文（标点符号不计算在内）。
提示信息的形式有主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图、表等。
考生在答题卡2上作答。
满分20分。
（三）评分原则和方法：1、虽然A、B两节的考查要点有所不同，但对考生写作能力的基本要求是相同的，所以一般评分标准对两节都适用。
但根据两节的不同考查要点，评分是会有不同的侧重点。
A节应用文的评分侧重点在于信息点的覆盖和内容的组织、语言的准确性、格式和语域（指在书面和口语表达中根据不同的交际对象，所采用的话语方式，即正式、一般、非正式的话语）的恰当。
对语法结构和词汇多样性的要求将根据具体试题作调整。
允许在作文中使用提示语中出现过的关键词，但使用提示语中出现过的词组或句子将被扣分。
B节B节作文的评分重点在于内容的完整性、文章的连贯组织性、语法结构和词汇的多样性及语言的准确性。
2、评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来给分。
评分人员在档内有1－3分的调节分。
3、A节作文的字数要求是100词左右。
B节作文的字数要求是160－200词。
文章长度不符合要求的，酌情扣分。
4、拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。
评分时，视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。
英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。
5、如书写较差，以致影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。
三、书信格式：（一）称呼1、写给机构1）不认识负责人：Dear Sir or Madam, DearSir/Madam, To whom it may concern,2）认识负责人：Dear Mr./Ms.President/Professor/Manager/Editor,Dear President (Michael) Wang,2、写给个人1）关系不亲密：Dear Mr./Ms.President/Professor/Manager/Editor,Dear President (Michael) Wang,2）关系亲密：Dear Michael,（二）正文：3段、7句、100－120词、3－5关联词、3－5从句1、第一段：2句1）自我介绍（1）I am a staff member from yourcompany/corporation.（2）I am afreshman/sophomore/junior/senior/undergraduate/gra duate from the Department of Chinese Language andLiterature of Beijing University.2）写作目的：I am writing the letter in purpose of ordering some books/resigning from mycurrent post/position.2、第二段：3句1）改写提纲一：1句2）改写提纲二：1句3）改写提纲三：1句3、第三段1）表示感谢（私人建议信除外）（1）My appreciation to you for your generoushelp is beyond words.（2）Words fail me when I want to express mysincere gratitude to you.（3）I take this opportunity to show my heartfelt appreciation for the kind assistance yourendered me.2）期待回信（1）I am looking forward to your reply/hearingfrom you soon.（2）I look forward to a favorable reply at yourearliest convenience.（3）Your prompt attention to my inquiry would behighly appreciated.（三）落款Yours sincerely,Li Ming四、书信类应用文：1、大纲样题：订购信Directions:You are preparing for an English test and are inneed of some reference books. Write a letter tothe sales department of a bookstore to ask for:1) detailed information about the books youwant,2) methods of payment,3) time and way of delivery.Dear Sir or Madam,As I am planning to take the National EntranceTest of English for MA/MS Candidates(NETEM), I have decided to place an order of some NETEM books with due consideration of the good reputation ofyour bookstore and the high quality of your books. Firstly, please give me particular accounts asregards names, authors, publishing houses andprices of these books. Secondly, I also need toknow the terms of payment and after-sell service. Thirdly, I wonder if it is convenient for you to deliver these books by EMS to the headquarters of Beijing New Oriental School by September 1, 2007.I have arranged to pay for the service.I would like to express my gratitude for your kindconsideration of my requests. I look forward tohearing from you soon.Yours sincerely,Li Ming第三节段落写作一、书信类应用文2、2005真题：辞职信＋道歉信Directions: Two months ago, you got a job as an editor for the magazine Fashion & Design. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason(s), and making an apology.Dear Mr. Wang,I am writing to inform you about my decision toresign from my current position.The primary reasons are as follows. First, aftertwo months, I do feel that it is not easy for meto get used to the extra work and night shift. Second, the salary has proven to be much lower than you originally promised, and I have a large family to support. Last, what I have learned inthe university cannot meet the requirement of being an editor.I feel terribly sorry for the inconvenience I havecaused. I sincerely hope that you approve of myresignation.Yours sincerely,Li Ming3、2006真题：请求信Directions:You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remotearea, write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan. Write yourletter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatlyon ANSWER SHEET 2.Don't sign your own name at the end of the letter, use "Li Ming" instead. Don't write the address. (10 points)To whom it may concern,As a student who can support myself, I am writing to request if you can help me find a potentialbeneficiary of Project Hope.I wonder whether it is convenient for you if two things regarding the child are taken into account. First, the child should come from Sichuan Province because I intend to help a child from my hometown.Second, it will be better if he or she is aprimary school student who was forced to dropschool because of abject poverty.I would like to help the recipient of my assistance annually until he graduates from college. Firstly, the money will cover his tuition fee and other expenses at school. Besides, I will correspond with him frequently so that he can seek advice whenever he needs. Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated.Yours sincerely,Li Ming4、备忘录/报告：Directions: You are the president of a company. Write a memo to Percy Shelley, the vice-president on the employee’s training on computer, telling him the need to train the employees, detailed information, and ask him to write a plan.Date：January 20, 2007To：Percy Shelley, Vice PresidentFrom：Li Ming, PresidentSubject：Computer Training of the StaffAs we discussed earlier this week, I agree withyou that our firm is faced up with problem of the high rate of computer illiteracy of the staff. We need to make up a plan for training our employeesin the new field.I would like you to design our own in-housecomputer-training program. We had better classifythe employees and put them through the program inturn.Write up a brief proposal, describing what youthink the program should cover. Assume the classruns four hours a week for ten weeks. Also, assumepeople have no prior computer knowledge or anyformal course work in computer science.5、摘要：1）不超过原文三分之一，可少不可多；2）不要评论、不要照抄；3）改写每段首尾句。