INCOTERMS 2010 国际贸易术语
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INCOTERMS 2010
《國際貿易術語解釋通則》(以下稱Incoterms )的宗旨是為國際貿易中最普遍使用的貿易術語提供一套解釋的國際規則,以避免因各國不同解釋而出現的不確定性,或至少在相當程度上減少這種不確定性。合同雙方當事人之間互不瞭解對方國家的貿易習慣的情況時常出現。這就會引起誤解、爭議、和訴訟,從而浪費時間和費用。為解決這些問題,國際商會(ICC)於1936 年首次公佈了一套解釋貿易術語的國際規則,名為Incoterms 1936,隔幾年就會出個修訂版,目前最新的是第八版國貿條規Incoterms 2010。這些規則是因應當前國際貿易發展而制定。
The Incoterms rules or International Commercial terms are a series of pre-defined commercial terms published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) widely used in international commercial transactions. A series of three-letter trade terms related to common sales practices, the Incoterms rules are intended primarily to clearly communicate the tasks, costs and risks associated with the transportation and delivery of goods. The Incoterms rules are accepted by governments, legal authorities and practitioners worldwide for the interpretation of most commonly used terms in international trade.
海運和內陸河運適用的規則
•FAS 船邊交貨
•FOB 船上交貨
•CFR 成本加運費
•CIF 成本,保險費加運費
通用的運輸規則
•EXW 工廠交貨(...指定地點)
•FCA 貨交承運人
•CPT 運費付至...
•CIP 運費和保險費付至...
•DAT 在碼頭交貨
•DAP 交貨地點
•DDP 完稅後交貨
注: 使用這個國際貿易術語通則時要加上地方。例如EXW Yiwu China, FOB ShangHai China
EXW –Ex Works - (named place of delivery)
工廠交貨(......指定地點)
The buyer bears all costs and risks involved in taking the goods from the seller's premises to the desired destination. The seller's obligation is to make the goods available at his premises (works, factory, warehouse). This term represents minimum obligation for the seller. This term can be used across all modes of transport.
EXW是國際貿易術語之一,可以用在所有的交通工具。EXW是指當賣方在其所在地或其他指定的地點(如工場、工廠或倉庫)將貨物交給買方處置時,即完成交貨,賣方不辦理出口清關手續或將貨物裝上任何運輸工具。該術語是賣方承當責任最小的術語。買方必須承當在賣方所在地受領貨物的全部費用和風險。但是,若雙方希望在起運時賣方負責裝載貨物並承當裝載貨物的全部費用和風險時,則須在銷售合同中明確寫明。在買方不能直接或間接的辦理出口手續時,不應使用該術語,而應使用FCA,如果賣方同意裝載貨物並承當費用和風險的話。
FCA(Free d place)
貨交承運人(……指定地點)
The seller's obligation is to hand over the goods, cleared for export, into the charge of the carrier named by the buyer at the named place or point. If no precise point is indicated by the buyer, the seller may choose within the place or range stipulated where the carrier shall take the goods into his charge. When the seller's assistance is required in making the contract with the carrier the seller may act at the buyers risk and expense. This term can be used across all modes of transport.
此術語是指賣方必須在合同規定的交貨期內在指定地點將貨物交給買方指定的承運人監管,並負擔貨物交由承運人監管前的一切費用和貨物滅失或損壞的風險。需要說明的是,交貨地點選擇對於在該地點裝貨和卸貨的義務會產生影響。若賣方在其所在地交貨,則賣方應負責裝貨;若賣方在任何其他地點交貨,賣方不負責卸貨,即使貨物在賣方的運輸工具上,尚未卸貨,賣方只要將貨物交給買方指定的承運人或其他人或由賣方選定的承運人或其他人處置時,交貨即算完成。賣方的義務是交出貨物,辦理出口,將貨物交到指定的地點及承運人。如果買方沒有精確的地點表示,賣方可以選擇交貨地點。
CPT (Carriage Paid To)
運費付至XX地點
The seller pays the freight for the carriage of goods to the named destination. The risk of loss or damage to the goods occurring after the delivery has been made to the carrier is transferred from the seller to the buyer. This term requires the seller to clear the goods for export and can be used across all modes of transport.
CPT指運費付至(……指定地點),CPT貿易術語是指賣方向其指定的承運人交貨,但賣方還必須支付將貨物運至目的地的運費。CPT術語亦即買方承擔交貨之後一切風險和其他費用。“承運人”是指任何人,在運輸合同中,承諾通過