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美国的变革:2008年美国大选奥巴马胜选演讲全文(中文英文对照)

美国的变革:2008年美国大选奥巴马胜选演讲全文(中文英文对照)

2008年美国大选奥巴马胜选演讲全文(中文英文对照演说)08年11.5大选美国总统奥巴马胜选演说《美国的变革》Hello, Chicago.您好,芝加哥。

If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible, who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time, who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer.美国是否暗藏一切皆有可能的巨大潜力?美国是否已经实现开国者锻造的美国梦?民主信仰是否具有强大力量?如果还有人对此报以怀疑,那么今晚这里发生的一切就是答案。

It's the answer told by lines that stretched around schools and churches in numbers this nation has never seen, by people who waited three hours and four hours, many for the first time in their lives, because they believed that this time must be different, that their voices could be that difference.学校旁、教堂边,无数人都在排队投票,这一情景我们已经多年未见;3个小时、4个小时,他们为此而等候良久,这是很多同胞有生以来的第一次。

因为他们相信,这一次,将不同以往;这一次,因为他们的呼声而有所不同。

It's the answer spoken by young and old, rich and poor, Democrat and Republican, black, white, Hispanic, Asian, Native American, gay, straight, disabled and not disabled. Americans who sent a message to the world that we have never been just a collection of individuals or a collection of red states and blue states.We are, and always will be, the United States of America.无论老少贫富,无论共和党抑或民主党,不管是黑皮肤、白种人、拉丁后裔、亚裔子孙还是本土美国人;无论性向如何,不管健康抑或残疾,所有的美国人民都向全世界传递出这样一条信息:我们从来都不是红蓝阵营的政治堆砌,我们是,而且永远是,美利坚合众国。

奥巴马美国大选选举过程(中英双语)

奥巴马美国大选选举过程(中英双语)

奥巴马美国大选选举过程(中英双语)1、宣布参选奥巴马于2007年2月10日正式宣布参加2008年的总统竞选。

他对支持者说:“让我们改造这个国家吧!”美国当地媒体说,非洲血统的奥巴马如果当选,那将是美国历史上首位黑人总统。

2、与希拉里竞争1月20号,前美国第一夫人希拉里在其个人网站上宣布参加2008美国总统大选。

她的竞选口号是:我来了,为胜利而来。

媒体分析认为,由于双方在党内的支持者都很多,一场激烈的抢票大战必不可少,绝不逊色于之后的总统选举。

奥巴马的优势在于吸引年轻选民,特别是在网络上支持率很高;而希拉里容易吸引女性选民的目光。

3、奥巴马党内初选获胜经过长达三个月的投票,美国当地时间2008年6月3日,奥巴马拿到足够的代表人票,锁定胜局,向支持者宣布自己将获得民主党总统候选人提名。

6月7日,希拉里正式宣布停止竞选,呼吁她的选民支持奥巴马。

4、正式成为民主党总统候选人2008年8月23日,奥巴马宣布65岁的特拉华州资深参议员约瑟夫?拜登成为民主党副总统候选人。

8月27日,美国民主党全国代表大会通过总统、副总统提名,奥巴马成为美国历史上第一位非洲裔总统候选人。

投入2008年总统大选赢得党内初选后,奥巴马开始了他的竞选活动。

特别是针对共和党传统州和摇摆州像俄亥俄州、印第安纳州、佛罗里达州、宾夕法尼亚州等展开了竞选造势,在多个州取得不俗成绩。

多项民意调查显示,在竞选过程中,奥巴马一直以几个百分点小幅领先共和党候选人麦凯恩。

在后来的三次候选人电视辩论中,奥巴马也大获全胜。

赢得总统选举美国东部时间2008年11月4日晚11时,计票结果显示,奥巴马以349票大幅领先麦凯恩163票当选为美国第44任总统。

他也成为美国历史上首位非洲裔总统。

当选后,奥巴马在竞选总部芝加哥发表了题为“美国的变革”的胜选感言,称美国变革的时代已经到来。

他谈到了包括胜选的意义、麦凯恩、家庭、外婆的去世、两党合作、美国的力量。

快速组建新内阁奥巴马当选后,开始迅速组建内阁。

2008年美国 金融危机 英文版

2008年美国 金融危机 英文版

2008年美国金融危机英文版(in English)美国作为世界上第一大经济体,对世界经济的发展具有火车头的作用。

然而2007年美国经济的表现不尽人意,次贷危机的爆发更是雪上加霜。

经济增长速度降低,通货膨胀率升高,失业率增加,这一切显示出美国经济已经离滞胀越来越近了。

美联储前主席格林斯潘称“美国经济尚未陷入滞胀,但已经有早期迹象出现”。

2008 financial crisis (in English)The United States as the world's largest economies, the world's locomotive of economic development. However, in 2007 less than satisfactory performance of the U.S. economy, sub-loan crisis broke out, more difficult. To reduce the rate of economic growth, rising inflation, the rise in unemployment, all show the U.S. economy has been growing from the stagnation of the past. Former Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan said "stagflation in the U.S. economy has not yet, but already there are early signs appear."次贷危机是美国经济放缓的导火索,其后续影响不断恶化并逐渐波及到世界经济。

2007年世界经济在连续四年的高速增长之后,出现了调整的迹象。

同时,美国、欧元区和广大发展中国家的CPI上涨率已超过央行设定的控制目标。

2008年考研英语一第三篇

2008年考研英语一第三篇

2008年考研英语一第三篇摘要:I.引言- 介绍罗伯特·富勒和地球之船II.地球之船的设计原理- 被动式太阳能设计- 有效调节室内温度III.地球之船的结构和优点- 建筑材料- 能源消耗降低- 对环境的影响减小IV.富勒为推广地球之船所做的努力- 创立公司- 教育人们了解地球之船- 提高人们对环保住宅的认识V.结论- 总结地球之船的意义和影响正文:I.引言罗伯特·富勒,一位来自美国的发明家,为了解决能源消耗和环境污染问题,发明了一种名为“地球之船”的节能环保住宅。

这种住宅采用被动式太阳能设计,能有效调节室内温度,降低能源消耗。

接下来,我们将详细介绍地球之船的设计原理、结构和优点,以及富勒为推广这种住宅所做的努力。

II.地球之船的设计原理地球之船的设计原理基于被动式太阳能设计。

这种设计充分利用太阳能,通过房屋结构和材料的选取,使阳光能直接照射到房屋内部,从而为居住者提供温暖。

在冬天,阳光透过窗户进入室内,使房屋内温度升高;而在夏天,窗户的设计和屋外的阴影能有效遮挡阳光,使室内保持凉爽。

III.地球之船的结构和优点地球之船的结构主要由两部分组成:船舱和太阳能电池板。

船舱内设有卧室、厨房、卫生间等生活设施,能满足居住者的基本生活需求。

建筑材料主要是用回收的金属和塑料制成,不仅降低了建造成本,还实现了资源的循环利用。

此外,地球之船的能源消耗极低,对环境的影响也减小。

IV.富勒为推广地球之船所做的努力为了推广地球之船,富勒创立了一家公司,专门生产和销售这种环保住宅。

他还积极与政府、企业和教育机构合作,通过讲座、展览等方式,教育人们了解地球之船的优点,提高人们对环保住宅的认识。

在他的努力下,越来越多的人开始关注并接受这种节能环保的住宅。

V.结论总的来说,地球之船是一种具有创新意义和环保意识的住宅。

它的出现为解决能源消耗和环境污染问题提供了新的思路。

2008年美国总统大选两组候选人的搭配特点

2008年美国总统大选两组候选人的搭配特点

在美国总统奥巴马执政满一周年之际,美国媒体在长期的观察后对他的个人特点和执政风格进行了十大盘点。

视频:奥巴马执政周年民众满意度仅为57%来源:东方卫视《东方新闻》一、不喜欢被贴上标签奥巴马曾承诺他的政府将是超越种族、党派和意识形态的。

然而,包括美国政策研究院在内的一些观察家已经公开称之为“脚踏两只船”的政府。

人们很难界定他到底属于哪一种政治派系和执政风格,而他本人则表示,如果非要贴上标签的话,那么或许务实主义比较合适。

总之,在奥巴马那里,所有的政策和结盟都要因时因地而异,而不是基于某种信条。

对此,有批评人士称这是一种狡猾的做法。

二、第一反应通常都不是上上策早在竞选总统期间,奥巴马的长期密友、极端黑人种族主义牧师赖特曾发表过一段抨击美国白人的言论,遂在美国社会引起了轩然大波。

但奥巴马却没有给予足够重视,直到他本人深陷争议并意识到这个事件已经影响到他的竞选胜算了,才不得不在一次演讲中向公众做了解释,平息了选民的愤怒。

去年圣诞节美国发生炸机未遂事件时,奥巴马正和家人在夏威夷度假。

事发后整整3天时间他都没有公开露面,他的最初想法是低调处理,以免煽动其他潜在的恐怖分子。

但随着事件的不断升级,奥巴马终于在第10天才做出回应:宣布为该事件承担责任,并狠批美国反恐机构。

这一强硬姿态帮他获得了不少美国民众的支持。

三、从不莽撞行事每每遇到问题,奥巴马都不愿凭直觉和本能做出反应,而是更倾向于借助信息和情报。

他先要了解到所有的事实,然后再从各个角度寻找线索。

今年年初,当被问及为何对于美国国际集团向员工派发高额奖金一事迟迟没有回应的时候,他告诉记者说:“我希望在说话之前知道我在说什么。

”众所周知,奥巴马不仅从来都要使用演讲稿,而且在记者招待会上甚至还要借助自动台词提示器。

虽然不会再像前任小布什那样因鲁莽行事而招致批评,但人们还是禁不住怀疑,奥巴马是一位果敢的领导人,还是个举棋不定的决策者?四、有些缺乏激情有的时候,总统看起来态度冷淡,拒人千里。

08年慕尼黑新闻发布会

08年慕尼黑新闻发布会

Press Conference in Munich on July 15th, 2008 in Munich 慕尼黑7月15日新闻发布会会议主要内容如下::会议主要内容如下012007年世界啤酒产量达1.8亿吨02世界啤酒产量图表03酒花需求继续——前景一片光明04巴特集团稳坐酒花贸易界头把交椅05巴特公司简介06哈斯集团简介07酒花行业的相关数据08酒花——研究的热点之一09Regine Barth新闻发布会讲稿10 Stephan Barth新闻发布会讲稿01 2007年世界啤酒产量达1.8亿吨07年世界啤酒产量世界啤酒产量继续继续继续保持增长保持增长保持增长,,增幅大于5% 啤酒企业继续啤酒企业继续集团化集团化07年世界啤酒产量为1.8亿吨,跟06年相比,约增加910万吨,合5.4%。

其中,中国的啤酒产量增加约410万吨,达世界啤酒总增长量的一半。

中国的啤酒产量占世界总产量的22%。

其他一些国家的啤酒产量也有所增长:俄罗斯(↑161万吨),乌克兰(↑48万吨),越南(↑20万吨),墨西哥(↑28万吨),美国(↑26万吨),巴西(↑24万吨),委内瑞拉(↑22万吨)。

巴特的Regine Barth 分析这个数据后表明,亚洲、东欧和南美啤酒市场将来仍存在着巨大的潜力。

国际啤酒企业的集团化趋势明显。

同时,其中三大集团的产量已占啤酒总产量的37%。

2007年,前40位的啤酒集团产量为占总产量的85%。

2005年,约占81%。

德国仅有三大集团仍跻身前40位,他们分别为:Radeberger 24;Bitburger 33;Oettinger34。

统计结果表明,德国的啤酒集团已经很难跻身国际舞台,未来在国际市场上将渐渐消失。

02 世界啤酒产量图表03酒花需求继续————酒花种植者和酒花商前景一片光明酒花种植者和酒花商前景一片光明酒花市场疲软现象一直从20世纪90年代始持续到2006年。

然而,从2006年开始,酒花的种植再一次吸引了农民和酒花商的目光。

The Recession of 2008

The Recession of 2008

The Recession of 2008–2009In 2008 and 2009, the U.S. economy experienced a financial crisis and a severe downturn in economic activity. In many ways, it was the worst macroeconomic event in more than half a century.The story of this downturn begins a few years earlier with a substantial boomin the housing market. The boom was, in part, fueled by low interest rates. Inthe aftermath of the recession of 2001, the Federal Reserve lowered interest ratesto historically low levels. Low interest rates helped the economy recover, but by making it less expensive to get a mortgage and buy a home, they also contributedto a rise in housing prices.In addition to low interest rates, various developments in the mortgage market made it easier for subprime borrowers—those borrowers with a higher risk of default based on their income and credit history—to get loans to buy homes.One development was securitization, the process by which a financial institution (specifically, a mortgage originator) makes loans and then (with the helpof an investment bank) bundles them together into financial instruments called mortgage-backed securities. These mortgage-backed securities were then sold to other institutions (such as banks and insurance companies), which may not havefully appreciated the risks in these securities. Some economists blame inadequate regulation for these high-risk loans. Others blame misguided government policy: Some policies encouraged this high-risk lending to make the goal of homeownership more attainable for low-income families. Together, these many forces drove up housing demand and housing prices. From 1995 to 2006, average housing prices in the United States more than doubled.The high price of housing, however, proved unsustainable. From 2006 to 2009, housing prices nationwide fell about 30 percent. Such price fluctuations shouldnot necessarily be a problem in a market economy. After all, price movementsare how markets equilibrate supply and demand. In this case, however, the price decline had two related repercussions that caused a sizable fall in aggregate demand.The first repercussion was a substantial rise in mortgage defaults and home foreclosures. During the housing boom, many homeowners had bought theirhomes with mostly borrowed money and minimal down payments. When housing prices declined, these homeowners were underwater (they owed more on their mortgages than their homes were worth). Many of these homeowners stopped paying their loans. The banks servicing the mortgages responded to these defaultsby taking the houses away in foreclosure procedures and then selling them off.The banks’ goal was to recoup whatever they could from the bad loans. As you might have expected from your study of supply and demand, the increase in the number of homes for sale exacerbated the downward spiral of house prices. As house prices fell, spending on the construction of housing also collapsed.A second repercussion was that the various financial institutions that owned mortgage-backed securities suffered huge losses. In essence, by borrowing largesums to buy high-risk mortgages, these companies had bet that house priceswould keep rising; when this bet turned bad, they found themselves at or nearthe point of bankruptcy. Because of these large losses, many financial institutionsdid not have funds to loan out, and the ability of the financial system to channel resources to those who could best use them was impaired. Even creditworthy customers found themselves unable to borrow to finance investment spending.As a result of all these events, the economy experienced a large contractionary shift in aggregate demand. Real GDP and employment both fell sharply. RealGDP declined by almost 4 percent between the fourth quarter of 2007 and the second quarter of 2009. The rate of unemployment rose from 4.4 percent in May 2007 to 10.1 percent in October 2009.As the crisis unfolded, the U.S government responded in a variety of ways.Three policy actions—all aimed in part at returning aggregate demand to its previous level—are most noteworthy. First, the Fed cut its target for the federal funds rate from 5.25 percent in September 2007 to about zero in December 2008. The Federal Reserve also started buying mortgage-backed securities and other private loans in open-market operations. By purchasing these instruments fromthe banking system, the Fed provided banks with additional funds in the hopethat the banks would makes loans more readily available.Second, in an even more unusual move in October 2008, Congress appropriated $700 billion for the Treasury to use to rescue the financial system. The goalwas to stem the financial crisis on Wall Street and make loans easier to obtain. Much of these funds were used for equity injections into banks. That is, the Treasury put funds into the banking system, which the banks could use to make loans; in exchange for these funds, the U.S. government became a part owner of these banks, at least temporarily.Finally, when Barack Obama became president in January 2009, his first major initiative was a large increase in government spending. After a relatively brief congressional debate over the form of the legislation, the new president signed a $787 billion stimulus bill on February 17, 2009. This policy move is discussed more fully in the next chapter when we consider the impact of fiscal policy on aggregate demand.As this book was going to press, the economy was starting to recover fromthe economic downturn. Real GDP was growing again, and unemployment had fallen to 9.5 percent in June 2010. Which, if any, of these many policy moves were most important for promoting this economic recovery? That is surely a questionthat macroeconomic historians will debate in the years to come. ■。

08年美国大选

08年美国大选

• 经济 • 奥巴马:反对布什政府对年收入在25万美元以上富裕阶层的减税政策。 • 麦凯恩:支持延续布什政府的减少收入税政策,并打算将企业税的税率从 35%减至25%。 • 伊拉克战争 • 奥巴马:一直反对伊拉克战争,并在竞选中承诺,如果当选总统,会在上 任后16个月内从伊撤出美军作战部队。 • 麦凯恩:在参议院投票支持对伊开战,反对在战争拨款议案中附加撤军时 间表。他最近表示,如果当选总统,会在2013年实现在伊拉克设定的目 标,并撤离驻伊美军作战部队。 • 健康保险 • 奥巴马:支持延续目前以雇主支付为主的健康保险制度;支持联邦政府强 制推行儿童全民健康保险计划;设立国家健康保险项目。 • 麦凯恩:反对联邦政府强制推行全民健康保险计划,支持将目前以雇主支 付为主的健康保险制度转变为自由市场体系,并给低收入阶层提供一定的税 务减免。 • 外交 • 奥巴马:强调谈判比军事行动更重要,表示会与伊朗、叙利亚、朝鲜和委 内瑞拉等国领导人谈判。 • 麦凯恩:呼吁美国在国际外交舞台上发挥更积极有力的作用,承诺会推动 重建美国与盟国之间的关系。 •
白人文化 的迚步
• 在美国的这个国家,社会的最下层是黑人,在 列车上犯罪的都是黑人,奥巴马并不代替黑人 大多数。当然,为什么那么多人为奥巴马当选 欢呼,是因为骨子里面还是很有差距的。全世 界都觉得在美国,一个以白人社会为主体的社 会竟然选出一个非洲后裔的黑人来当总统,而 且世界头号国家的总统,这就是他最大的意义, 而这将会影响他的整个的任期。 • 而且事实上这个也反映美国文化的胜利,这个 过程不是一天达到,很有意义。
08年美国大选
奥巴马当选总统 所揭示的……
目录
• • • • • • 1奥巴马简介 2麦凯恩简介 3双方观点对比 4竞选结果 5胜利分析 6揭示的。。。。。。

09考研政治形势与政策指导 2008世界经济论坛

09考研政治形势与政策指导 2008世界经济论坛

09考研政治形势与政策指导:2008世界经济论坛
世界经济论坛(World Economic Forum -- WEF) 前身是现任论坛主席、日内瓦商学院教授克劳斯·施瓦布1971创建的“欧洲管理论坛”。

1987,“欧洲管理论坛”更名为“世界经济论坛”。

论坛因每会都在瑞士的达沃斯召开,故也被称为“达沃斯论坛”。

总部设在瑞士日内瓦。

 作为非官方的国际经济最高级论坛,世界经济论坛致力于召集各界领袖开展合作,以研讨世界经济领域存在的问题、促进国际经济合作与交流为宗旨。

论坛成员由全球前1000强跨国公司的企业领袖、各国政府现任的领导人以及主要国际组织的领袖人物、全球传媒领域内有重要影响力的人士、各领域知名专家等组成,均是各自行业和领域内有影响力的领导者和决策者,因此也被形象地称为“经济联合国”,与会者将研讨全球敏感问题、热点问题和趋势性问题。

 每在达沃斯召开的论坛会,一般是在一月下旬,会议持续约一周时间,每都要确定一个主题,在此基础上安排200多场分论坛讨论。

随着世界形势的发展和论坛影响的日益扩大,论坛的议题也不断深入扩展,不仅包括影响世界经济发展的热点问题和企业发展的潮流趋势,还包括更广泛领域内的政治、军事、安全、社会发展等全球性重要问题。

论合作2008年英语考研作文

论合作2008年英语考研作文

论合作2008年英语考研作文Cooperation: The Key to SuccessCooperation, as a fundamental concept in human society, has always played a significant role in the process of social development and progress. In 2008, the world was facing numerous challenges, including economic stagnation, environmental degradation, and international conflicts. In such a critical period, cooperation was more crucial than ever before in addressing these issues and achieving mutual benefits.Economically, global cooperation became increasingly important in coping with the financial crisis. Countries needed to work together to stabilize the international financial system, regulate global trade, and promote economic growth. By coordinating monetary policies, implementingfiscal stimulus plans, and facilitating free trade, nationswere able to mitigate the negative impacts of the crisis and lay the foundation for recovery.In terms of environmental protection, international cooperation was essential for addressing climate change and environmental degradation. The Kyoto Protocol, for instance, represented a collective effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat global warming. Moreover, joint research and development in renewable energy technologies, as well as the sharing of best practices in environmental management, helped to promote sustainable development and protect the planet for future generations.On the diplomatic front, cooperation was instrumental in resolving international conflicts and promoting peace and security. The United Nations and other multilateral organizations served as platforms for dialogue and cooperation among countries, facilitating negotiations and peacekeeping efforts in conflict zones. By adhering to theprinciples of mutual respect, mutual benefit, and common development, nations were able to pursue peaceful coexistence and shared prosperity.Furthermore, in the field of scientific and technological innovation, collaboration among researchers, institutions, and industries from different countries yielded remarkable achievements. Joint projects in space exploration, particle physics, and medical research not only advanced human knowledge and capabilities but also promoted cultural exchange and understanding among diverse societies.In conclusion, cooperation was indeed the key to success in 2008, as it enabled nations to tackle challenges collectively and achieve common goals. Whether in the realms of economy, environment, diplomacy, or science, the spirit of cooperation fostered solidarity and synergy, paving the way for a brighter future for all. As the world continues to face complex and interconnected problems, the imperative ofcooperation remains as relevant as ever, guiding the way toward a more harmonious and prosperous global community.。

奥巴马2008就职演讲稿(共6篇)

奥巴马2008就职演讲稿(共6篇)

篇一:obamma奥巴马2008就职演说逐句翻译my fellow citizens:同胞们:i stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors. i thank president bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition.我今天站在这里,深感面前使命的重大,深谢你们赋予的信任,并铭记我们前辈所付的代价。

我感谢布什总统对国家的贡献以及他在整个过渡阶段给予的大度合作。

forty-four americans have now taken the presidential oath. the words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace. yet, every so often, the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms. at these moments, america has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because we the people have remained faithful to the ideals of our forebearers, and true to our founding documents.至此,有四十四个美国人发出总统誓言。

国际体系中的“失败国家”析论

国际体系中的“失败国家”析论

国际体系中的“失败国家”析论【内容提要】“失败国家”作为一种切实存在的国际现象,不仅对其本国造成严重危害,而且对地区和全球稳定与安全带来诸多不利影响。

究其原因,根本在于“失败国家”特有的前现代、无政府、轻人权、强依附四个方面的本质属性。

冷战后,特别是“9・11事件”后,“失败国家”问题不再仅仅是人权问题,甚至也不仅仅是安全问题。

实际上,“失败国家”问题还涉及国际政治中的主权与人权、秩序与正义、大国与小国关系这类永恒主题,因而具有重大的国际政治效应。

【关键词】失败国家/失败输出/国际体系【正文】“失败国家”(failed states)作为一种切实存在的国际现象,可以说同国际体系一样历时长久。

① 然而,冷战结束后,“失败国家”数目剧增。

特别是全球化进程加速、冷战后新一轮国家形成和瓦解浪潮的出现、对“失败国家”所由产生的地区和全球不稳定及其对安全造成的诸多不利影响的关注增加等一系列因素,将“失败国家”问题推向了国际政治研究和人权日程的前沿。

而“9・11事件”对美国造成的巨大震撼再次推动了对“失败国家”研究的深入,同时也彰显出美英等西方发达国家在政治层面欲借解决“失败国家”问题之名行强力干预之实的深层政治动机。

正是这一根本方面,决定了对“失败国家”问题进行学理探究的特有现实意义,即如何透过历史和本质来认识“失败国家”产生的根源,以及明判国际反应正当与否。

一、冷战后“失败国家”的增生近代以来,有关“失败国家”最为引人注目的案例当属被视为“欧洲病夫”的奥斯曼帝国。

从18世纪开始,渐显“失败国家”特征的奥斯曼帝国开始积弱、分化,首先是所属区域的动乱,而动乱、无序状态连同重要的战略地位又吸引着外部势力的介入、争夺,从而在很大程度上危及当时国际体系的稳定。

奥斯曼帝国退出巴尔干半岛后,列强在此的争斗成为第一次世界大战的导火索;而在中东,奥斯曼帝国最后的解体导致了这一地区潜在的种族、民族和宗教矛盾不断激化,引发了至今仍悬而未决的阿拉伯世界与以色列和西方错综复杂的矛盾。

模拟联合国大会总稿精彩纷呈,尽在“西南财经大学2008年模拟联合国大会”

模拟联合国大会总稿精彩纷呈,尽在“西南财经大学2008年模拟联合国大会”

模拟联合国大会总稿精彩纷呈,尽在“西南财经大学2008年模拟联合国大会”第一篇:模拟联合国大会总稿精彩纷呈,尽在“西南财经大学2008年模拟联合国大会”精彩纷呈,尽在“西南财经大学2008年模拟联合国大会” 2008年3月,西南财经大学在北京大学闭幕的第二届国际模拟联合国大会(Asian International United Nations)上成为中国地区获奖最多的学校,参赛学子载誉归来。

大赛之后,为选拔2009年模拟联合国西南财经代表队成员和系统推广模拟联合国活动,丰富同学们的文化生活,由共青团西南财经大学委员会主办,西南财经大学公共管理学院承办,西南财经大学模拟联合国团队提供技术协作的“西南财经大学2008年模拟联合国大会”随即启动。

宣讲会·启动仪式3月27日晚19:00,“西南财经大学2008年模拟联合国大会”宣讲会在经世楼G303正式展开。

出席此次宣讲会的有公共管理学院的副院长幸强国教授,学生工作部的杨海洋老师,语言文化学院的蒙华老师。

席间,蒙华老师对第二届国际模拟联合国赛事进行了介绍,幸强国教授更以流利的英文为大赛带来了祝福并正式启动了此次“西南财经大学2008年模拟联合国大会”。

在整个宣讲会的过程中,刚刚载誉而归的模拟联合国团队无疑是全场的焦点。

这个充满激情的团队热情地向在座的老师和同学介绍了模拟联合国大会的赛事流程,分享了他们参加大赛的经验,并通过现场模拟的方式让同学们加深了对模拟联合国大会各环节和两个主要委员会CERD(英文委员会)、HSC历史安全委员会(中文委员会)的了解。

现场气氛热烈,在阵阵欢笑声和鼓掌声中,两个多小时的宣讲会·启动仪式圆满落下帷幕。

现场同学跃跃欲试的神情,当场被派发完的报名表,让我们有理由相信模拟联合国这个大舞台会让西南财经大学的学子们展现他们最华美的一面。

报名3月28日——4月3日,“西南财经大学2008年模拟联合国大会”的报名活动全面铺开。

2008考研英语阅读理解真题解析第四篇“美国元首”

2008考研英语阅读理解真题解析第四篇“美国元首”

2008考研英语阅读理解真题解析第四篇“美国元首”2008 Text 4In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw – having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.1784,52岁的乔治•华盛顿在成为美国总统5年前,牙齿就几乎已经掉光了。

他专门请牙医从他的奴隶口中拔出九颗牙齿种在自己的身上。

transplant [træns'plɑ:nt] vt. 移居,移植,迁移vi. 移居,移植n. 移居者,移植【例】Santillan waited three years for the first transplant. 为了找到合适的心肺进行移植,桑提连已经等了足足三年。

That’s a far different image fr om the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. ①They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong – and yet most did little to fight it..这跟很多人在历史书上读到过的那个砍樱桃树的华盛顿有点大相径庭。

ap08_macroecon_sgs

ap08_macroecon_sgs

AP® Macroeconomics2008 Scoring GuidelinesThe College Board: Connecting Students to College Success© 2008 The College Board. All rights reserved. College Board, AP Central, Advanced Placement Program, AP, SAT, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Board. PSAT/NMSQT is a registered trademark of the College Board and National Merit Scholarship Corporation. All other products and services may be trademarks of their respective owners. Permission to use copyrighted College Board materials may be requested online at:/inquiry/cbpermit.html.Visit the College Board on the Web: .Question 111 points (2 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 2)(a) 2 points:•One point is earned for a correctly labeled graph of the short-run Phillips curve (SRPC).•One point is earned for showing on the SRPC the initial position “A” and the new position “B”.(b) 2 points:•One point is earned for stating that the federal budget will be in a deficit.•One point is earned for explaining that government spending (or transfer payments) will increase and/or tax revenues will fall due to the recession.(c) 3 points:•One point is earned for correctly calculating the increase in government purchases: Change in G = Recessionary gap/Multiplier = ($500/5) = $100.••Question 1 (continued)(d)2 points:•One point is earned for a correctly labeled graph of the loanable funds market.•One point is earned for showing a rightward shift of the demand curve and showing a higher real interest rate. (A leftward shift of the supply curve showing a higher interest rate is also accepted.)(e)2 points:•One point is earned for stating that the growth rate will fall.•One point is earned for explaining that investment spending decreases and, as a result, capital formation will decrease.Question 26 points (2 + 2 + 2)(a) 2 points:•One point is earned for stating that the transaction will be recorded in the current account.•One point is earned for stating that the transaction will be recorded in the current account.(b) 2 points:•One point is earned for stating that the current account balance will decrease or move toward a deficit.•(c) 2 points:•One point is earned for a correctly labeled graph of the foreign exchange market for the U.S.dollar.•One point is earned for shifting the supply of U.S. dollars to the right and showing a depreciation of the dollar.Question 36 points (1 + 2 + 2 + 1)(a) 1 point:•One point is earned for stating that the opportunity cost of a bicycle in Artland is 600/300 =2 hats.(b)2 points:•One point is earned for stating that Rayland will import bicycles.•Artland has a lower opportunity cost in bicycles or a higher opportunity cost in hats.(c)2 points:•One point is earned for stating that it is advantageous for Artland.•One point is earned for stating that it is NOT advantageous for Rayland.(d) 1 point:•。

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真理类The cartoon is reallythought-provoking. As is described from the cartoon(s), ………O bviously, what is depicted goes farbeyond ……; Instead, it conveys a universally accepted truth that ………Funny and strange as it is, such kind of scenes can often be seen in our life. To illustrate this point,I can think of no better example than…..Another convincing example is……Th ese cases are not unique. Indeed, there are few places that you cannot find stories of the same kind. According tostatistics from a recent survey conducted by a group of leading sociologists from China Daily, %... Without…, wouldn’t…; Without …, would’t…But we should bearin mind that there are some cases in which we should not…because we might also risk the danger of…if we go to the ext reme in … For example, …To sum up, given the analysis mentioned before,we can safely arrive at the conclusion that…….In other words, …….. For this reason, it is high time that we realized the significance of ……. Also, it is essential that we try whatever we can soas to ……Only in this way, can we expect to …… (182 words)The cartoon is reallythought-provoking. As is described from the cartoon, two crippled mencan travel freely with the help from each other. Obviously, what is depicted goes far beyond the disabled men and their way of traveling; Instead, it conveys a universally accepted truth thatpeople can work more efficiently if cooperating with others. (55-28=27 words)Funny as it is, such scenes can often be seen in our life. To illustrate this point, I can think of no better example thanLiuXiang----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------who breaks world record time and again thanks to the guide from his experienced coach. Another convincing example is Yao Ming---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------who beat his rivals repeatedly. These two cases are not unique. Indeed, there are few places that you cannot find stories of the samekind. According to statistics from a recent survey conducted by a group of leading sociologists from China Daily, --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------83% of successful figures in their own fields attribute their success to cooperation withothers. Without the guide from his coach, Liu couldn’t have broken world records so many times; Without support from other players, Yao wouldn’t have shone so brightly on the basketball court.But we should bear in mind that there are some cases in which we should not rely too much on support from others because we might also risk the danger of losing ourselves if we go to the extreme independing on others. For example, China in the 1950s suffered a lot because we “learned” too much from the former Soviet Union. (194-98=96 words) To sum up, given the analysismentioned before, we can safely arrive at the conclusion that cooperation is of utmost significance if we are to work efficiently. In other words, we cannot expect to achieve anything in our life.For this reason, it is high time that we realized the significance of cooperation. Also, it is essential that we try whatever we can so as to cooperate with others. Only in this way, can we expectto realize our dream. (80-55=25 words) As is vividly described in the cartoon, two disabled men who have only one leg can travel freely without the aid of crutches whenuniting as one. Obviously, what is revealed goes far beyond the two unfortunate persons and their way of traveling; instead, it conveys the message that everyone should cooperate withothers if we are to survive and thrive in this world. (65 words)Why is cooperation so important to us? It is known to all that modern world is much different from what it was even a century ago.In ancient times, quite a proportion of people might be self-sufficient: their foods were wrung out of their own land; their clothes were woven from their own looms and dyed with their own hands. Butmodern world is a huge complex machine in which each person can serve only as a tiny part.We cannot imagine Liu Xiang could perform so wonderfully on the racetrack were itnot for the guide from Sun Haiping, a very experienced coach, neither can we expect Yao Ming could beat his rivals in the absence of support from other members in his team. (125 words) Cooperation iseverywhere. City dwellers depend on farmers for foods while farmers rely on factory workers for chemical products; factory workers may temporarily drown their wearies and worries in soapoperas shown on TV while film-makers could not have a film produced however wealthy they are without the talents of playwrights, directors, photographers, actors or actresses.Even highly intelligent brains, scientists who were thought to work independently in their own labs, count on fruits from their peers or forefathers. No wonder that many famouscorporations, especially those transnational ones, give priority to such EQ as team spirit rather than IQ when interviewing prospective employees. (103 words)Gone is the timewhen man could live on his own. Just as the men depicted in the drawing can free themselves of their physical limitation, so we can strive forward for our ambitions at greater paces if we get united. After all,no one is born with all-around talents. In a sense, we are all crippled hence unable to move even a single step without help from others. (69 words)。

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