Great Expectation
great expectation.ppt
Pip(心理活动内心独白)
• Para.99 I would not have gone back to Joe now, I would not have gone back to Biddy now, for any consideration: simply, I suppose, because of sense of my own worthless conduct to them was greater than every consideration. No wisdom on earth could have given me the comfort that I should have derived from their simplicity and fidelity; but I could never, never, never, undo what I had done.(page110) • His regret for his succession after knowing the helper identity——a convict but at the beginning, it’s him who determined to leave to be a gentlmen (desire for money, knowledge, and love)
Herbert
joe
Estella
pip
Miss Havisham
Jaggers
Magwitch
Para.1-6
Chapter 39
The weather was bad before their meet. Pip knew that it was Magwitch who was his sponsor. Pip’s great expectations were totally disillusioned.
great expectations名言
great expectations名言Retributive Justice——Analysis One Of The Themes In Great Expectations;一报还一报——探究《远大前程》中的主题之一Great Expectations: Narration, Focalization And Suspense;《远大前程》:叙述、聚焦与悬念Bounded Soul ——“Prison Image”In Charles Dickens Great Expectations;被禁锢的心灵——查尔斯·狄更斯小说《远大前程》中的“监狱意象”1.A Narratological And Stylistic Analysis Of Great Expectations;《远大前程》的叙事学与文体学研究2.A Comparative Study Of The Three Chinese Versions Of Great Expectations;《远大前程》三种中译本的比较研究3.The Biblical Myth Archetypes In "Great Expectations";《远大前程》中的圣经创世神话原型4.On Romantic Tendency In Dicken S Great Expectations;论狄更斯《远大前程》中的浪漫主义倾向5.My Qpinion Of The Translation Of One Sentence In The Chinese Version Of Great Expectations;《远大前程》中译本中一处翻译之我见6.A Study Of Rmantic Tendency Of Dickens In Gerat Expectiations论狄更斯《远大前程》的浪漫主义倾向7.On Pip's Anima And Its Developing Process In Great Expectations论《远大前程》中皮普的阿妮玛原型及其发展过程8.Mist Is A Symbol Of Danger And Uncertainty In Great Expectations.在《远大前程》中雾是危险和不确定性的象征。
Great Expectations原文加解析
Great ExpectationsCharles DickensChapters 38–39Summary: Chapter 38Pip spends a great deal of time with Estella in the house of her London hostess, Mrs. Brandley. However, he is not treated as a serious suitor. Rather, he is allowed to accompany Estella everywhere she goes, watching her treat her other suitors cruelly but being more or less ignored himself. He cannot understand why Miss Havisham does not announce the details of their engagement, in which he continues to believe. Pip and Estella go to visit the old woman, and Pip observes for the first time a combative relationship between her and Estella: Miss Havisham goads Estella on to break men’s hearts, but Estella treats Miss Havisham as coldly as she treats her suitors. Shortly thereafter, Pip learns to his horror that Drummle is courting Estella. He confronts Estella about the news, but she refuses to take his concern seriously, reminding Pip that he is the only suitor she doesn’t try to deceive and entrap. But this only makes Pip feel less important to her. That night, the young man imagines his fate as a heavy stone slab hanging over his head, about to fall.“I begin to think,” said Estella, in a musing way, after another moment of calm wonder, “that I almost understand how this comes about.”(See Important Quotations Explained) Summary: Chapter 39Time passes, and Pip is now twenty-three. One night, during a midnight thunderstorm, he hears heavy footsteps trudging up his stairs. An old sailor enters Pip’s apartment, and Pip treats him nervously and haughtily before recognizing him. It is Pip’s convict, the same man who terrorized him in the cemetery and on the marsh when he was a little boy. Horrified, Pip learns the truth of his situation: the convict went to Australia, where he worked in sheep ranching and earned a huge fortune. Moved by Pip’s kindness to him on the marsh, he arranged to use his wealth to make Pip a gentleman. The convict, not Miss Havisham, is Pip’s secret benefactor. Pip is not meant to marry Estella at all.With a crestfallen heart, Pip hears that the convict is even now on the run from the law, and that if he is caught, he could be put to death. Pip realizes that though the convict’s story has plunged him into despair, it is his duty to help his benefactor. He feeds him and gives him Herbert’s bed for the night, since Herbert is away. Terrified of his new situation, Pip looks in on the convict, who is sleeping with a pistol on his pillow, and then locks the doors and falls asleep. He awakes at five o’clock in the morning to a dark sky tormented by wind and rain.Analysis: Chapters 38–39As we saw in the previous section, Pip has now matured into an adult, marking a new phase in thenovel; additionally, the reappearance of the convict and the solution of the mystery of Pip’s benefactor mark an important milestone in the book’s narrative development. Appropriately, the second important stage of the novel concludes at the end of this section; we are told here, “This is the end of the second stage of Pip’s expectations.”Dickens opens this section by illustrating the extent to which Pip must now fool himself to believe that he is still meant to marry Estella. His relationship with Estella has gone from bad to worse: where he was once her innocent playmate, he is now expected to act as her innocuous companion, accompanying her to meet suitor after suitor at innumerable parties, essentially functioning as her chaperone. Dickens contrasts Pip’s romantic quandary with the romantic optimism of his friends, who all seem to find romantic happiness. Wemmick has Miss Skiffins and Herbert has Clara; Pip has only the bitter knowledge that the oafish Drummle has begun courting his beloved Estella.Of course, the most important and most ominous development in these chapters, foreshadowed countless times in the earlier sections of the novel, is the reappearance of the convict, now a rugged old man, and the revelation that he, not Miss Havisham, is Pip’s secret benefactor. This revelation deflates Pip’s hopes that he is meant for Estella, and it completely collapses the stark social divisions that have defined him in the novel, first as a poor laborer envious of the rich, then as a gentleman embarrassed of his poor relations. Now Pip learns that his wealth and social standing come from the labor of an uneducated prison inmate, turning his social perceptions inside out. The fulfillment of his hope of being raised to a higher social class turns out to be the work of a man from a class even lower than his own. The sense of duty that compels Pip to help the convict is a mark of his inner goodness, just as it was many years ago in the swamp, but he is nevertheless unable to hide his disgust and disappointment.The convict’s reference to himself as Pip’s “second father” in Chapter 39 allows us to track Pip’s development through a succession of father figures. The orphaned Pip identifies most closely with Joe as a father in the first section of the novel, and the blacksmith’s soft-spoken good nature most strongly defines his childhood. After the magical appearance of his wealth, adolescent Pip seems to treat Jaggers as a kind of distant father figure, referring to him repeatedly as “my guardian” and allowing him to set the parameters for his life in London. Now a young adult, Pip is confronted with the convict as an unwanted father, a relationship that will develop and deepen in the final section of the novel. With Pip’s discovery of his new father figure, this section ends on an extremely ominous note, as the morning sky isdarkened by a violent storm. As setting is always connected to dramatic action and atmosphere in the world of Great Expectations,a storm can only mean that trouble lies ahead for Pip and his frightening benefactor.4. “Look’ee here, Pip. I’m your second father. You’re my son—more to me nor any son. I’ve put away money, only for you to spend. When I was a hired-out shepherd in a solitary hut, not seeing no faces but faces of sheep till I half-forgot wot men’s and women’s faces wos like, I see yourn. . . . I see you there a many times plain as ever I see you on them misty marshes. ‘Lord strike me dead!’ I says each time—and I goes out in the open air to say it under the open heavens—‘but wot, if I gets liberty and money, I’ll make that boy a gentleman!’ And I done it. Why, look at you, dear boy! Look at these here lodgings of yourn, fit for a lord! A lord? Ah! You shall show money with lords for wagers, and beat ’em!”Explanation for Quotation 4 >>Magwitch makes this speech to Pip in Chapter 39, when he dramatically reveals himself as Pip’s secret benefactor and the source of all his wealth. This revelation is crucially important to the plot of the novel, as it collapses Pip’s idealistic view of wealth and social class by forcing him to realize that his own status as a gentleman is owed to the loyalty of a lower-class criminal. The quote is also important for what it reveals about Magwitch’s character: previously, the convict has seemedmenacing, mysterious, and frightening; with this quote, we receive our first glimpse of his extraordinary inner nobility, manifested through the powerful sense of loyalty he feels toward Pip。
《远大前程》GreatExpectation读后感
《远大前程》读后感《远大前程》是英国著名批判现实主义小说家狄更斯晚年最具代表性的作品之一。
狄更斯出生于英国，早年的生活穷困潦倒，凭借自己的刻苦努力成为著名的作家。
狄更斯的作品擅长揭露资产阶级的黑暗并且语言幽默、刻画人物细致入微。
读狄更斯的《远大前程》我深深体会到作者对资产阶级社会的下人们以金钱为万物的丑恶行径的批判，以及社会贫富差距极大影响下人们的种种扭曲行为。
但是我又感受到作者对社会丑恶的一面进行批判的同时又对人性中善良的一面进行了赞扬。
这本书给我印象最深的是狄更斯幽默的语言，细致的画面描写，还有书中错综复杂的爱与恨。
《远大前程》主要叙述了一个出身贫寒的小男孩皮普机缘巧合得到了一个有钱人的资助，由此他到伦敦过上了奢华的上流社会生活。
在他没有得知他真正资助人的身份时，一直以为郝维仙小姐是他的资助人。
皮普认为郝维仙小姐对他很好，为了成全埃斯苔娜（郝维仙小姐的养女）与自己的爱情便无私的资助他，让他成为与郝维仙一样的上流社会的人。
由于资助合同中规定他不能在自己未成年时期询问自己的监护人贾格斯关于自己资助人的任何消息，所以他心安理得的度过了几年奢华的生活。
在这几年中皮普由一个善良、淳朴的孩子变的虚荣、忘恩负义。
但没变的是他一直深爱着埃斯苔娜。
但当他得知自己的资助人是当年自己由于恐惧帮助的一个名为马格韦契的罪犯时，内心变得痛苦不堪，他不想让“上流社会的人”得知自己有钱的真正理由，同时又认为与埃斯苔娜结婚这件事永远不可能实现了随着马格韦契被抓，皮普的“远大前程”也就随之东流。
但这也时皮普生命中的另一个转折点，皮普从此变得不在虚荣，通过自己的努力过上了幸福的生活，最终也和自己深爱的埃斯苔娜结婚了。
虽是读书，可是我总觉得书中的一幕幕就好像亲眼看到似的，因为狄更斯的描写太细致了，而且具有很强的画面感。
我拿下面这两段做例子，感受狄更斯的写作手法。
“她穿的衣服都是上等料子制的，缎子、花边、还有丝绸，全是白色的。
她穿的鞋也是白色的。
《远大前程》(Great Expectations)故事梗概
贫苦的乡下孤儿匹普从小由姐姐一手带大。姐姐粗俗泼辣，动辄责骂全家人。姐夫乔·葛吉瑞则是一位和蔼温良、诚实厚道的铁匠，也是家中惟一真正关心匹普的人。他起初为匹普安排了一条辛苦而充实的生活道路。匹普也把当姐夫的学徒作为自己的最高理想，并以此为满足。
怀着新的生活理想，匹普拼命自修，期望能找到充满幸福和富贵的“远大前程"。终于有一天一位律师通知他有位恩人要出钱资助他去伦敦学习，培养他成为一位体面的绅土。这位恩人没有透露真实身份，但匹普认定是郝香薇小姐有意栽培他，以成全他与艾丝黛拉结成美满姻缘。来到伦敦后，他饱食终曰，游手好闲，挥金如土，开始变得轻浮、虚荣、自私。
在小说的结尾，孤独无依、年迈体衰的郝薇香小姐对自己的所为心生悔意，她在一次火灾中受重伤而死。马格维奇被判绞刑后，病死在监狱医院里。骗取郝薇香小姐钱财的康培生在与马格维奇的搏斗中落水身亡。匹普ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ姐姐死后，乔与匹普的朋友贝蒂结为夫妻，过着幸福的生活。在婚姻生活中惨遭不幸的艾丝黛拉终于对爱情有所感悟，与匹普走到了一起。
不久他心中的疑团终于解开，他的远大前程也随之受到了重创。原来他的资助者不是郝薇香小姐，而是一名叫马格维奇的流放犯，他深爱的艾丝黛拉小姐就是这个罪犯和一个女杀人犯所生的。他心目中的庇护人郝薇香小姐却是一个冷酷无情的复仇者。她邀他去家中，只是为了培养艾丝黛拉使男人心碎的本领，以解心中积怨。
这时，随着恩人被捕、艾丝黛拉小姐另嫁他人，他对“远大前程”的希望彻底破灭了。于是他逐渐清醒，痛悟前非，重又找回过去美好的品德，开始了崭新的生活。
但后来经历的两件事使他的人生追求和命运发生了根本转变。在沼泽地里匹浦偶遇逃犯，在极不情愿的情况下，他偷了家中的食品与锉刀解救罪犯于危难之中。这件事是他对物质生活态度的转折点。当地贵族郝薇香小姐给匹普的精神世界带来了极大的震撼。尽管郝家的宽敞富硕、凄凉凝重的气氛使他惊羡，但真正触动他心灵的却是郝薇香小姐的养女——艾丝黛拉小姐。艾丝黛拉的刻薄无理与无情嘲弄深深刺痛了匹普的自尊心，使他开始不再希望成为一个铁匠，不再满足于朴素诚实的生活，他决心跻身有教养的绅士行列，娶艾丝黛拉小姐为妻。
【精品文档】great expectations的中文翻译是什么-实用word文档 (2页)
【精品文档】great expectations的中文翻译是什么-实用word文档
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great expectations的中文翻译是什么
great和expectations都是比较常见的英语单词，所以两者的组合词汇也不难理解，现在就跟随小编一起学习 great expectations的英语知识吧。
great expectations的中文翻译
Great Expectations——远大前程
great
adj.伟大的，杰出的;优异的，显著的;很多的;重大的
adv.[口语]很好地;令人满意地，成功地，顺利地;得意地
n.大人物们;伟大人物;重要人物，大师;名家
expectations
n.预期;期待;前程;[数]期望值
n.希望( expectation的名词复数 );预料;(被)预期;[常作复数] 期望的事情
great expectations的双语例句
1 We have great expectations of him.
我们对他抱着很大的期望。
2 I also know that you have great expectations of me.
我也知道你对我有很大的期望。
3 Now that our two groups have merged we can all have great expectations for thefuture.。
greatexpectations的中文翻译是什么
greatexpectations的中文翻译是什么great expectations的中文翻译是什么great和expectations都是比较常见的英语单词，所以两者的组合词汇也不难理解，现在就跟随店铺一起学习great expectations的英语知识吧。
great expectations的中文翻译Great Expectations——远大前程greatadj.伟大的，杰出的;优异的，显著的;很多的;重大的adv.[口语]很好地;令人满意地，成功地，顺利地;得意地n.大人物们;伟大人物;重要人物，大师;名家expectationsn.预期;期待;前程;[数]期望值n.希望( expectation的名词复数);预料;(被)预期;[常作复数] 期望的事情great expectations的双语例句1 We have great expectations of him.我们对他抱着很大的期望。
2 I also know that you have great expectations of me.我也知道你对我有很大的期望。
3 Now that our two groups have merged we can all have great expectations for thefuture.现在既然我们两个集团合并了，我们对未来都可以抱有很大的'期望。
4 He has great expectations of his child.他对自己的孩子寄寓了很大的希望。
5 His parents have great expectations for his future.他父母对他的前途深寄厚望。
great expectations的相关知识《远大前程》又译《孤星血泪》，是英国作家查尔斯·狄更斯晚年写成的长篇小说。
成书于1860年至1861年之间，该小说自1860年12月到1861年8月连载于作者制作的周刊《一年四季》。
远大前程(Great Expectations)
The Second Expectation
The Second Expectation
The Second Expectation
As he was gradually getting familiar with the physical and cultural norms of his new status,he also formed the class conception that went with those norms. Therefore, when Joe came to visit Pip, he felt embarrassed and angry at Joe's illmanners,despite his love for Joe and their relationship.
The Last Expectation
Hence, Pip got poor again. Worse still, he got sick severely.Thanks to Joe's care, Pip recovered quickly. Eventually,Pip left for India to work for his friend Herbet's company.When he returned to his hometown years later,everything got changed. At Miss Havisham's deserted mansion,Pip happened to meet Estella. They talked and walked away quietly.
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great expectation的内容介绍
great expectation的内容介绍《Great Expectations》是英国著名小说家查尔斯·狄更斯的代表作之一，被誉为英国文学史上最重要的小说之一。
小说以主人公皮普为中心，讲述了自然生长的力量和人性的复杂性，深入挖掘了人类内在的贪欲、虚荣、自尊心、恐惧、爱与恨等各种情感。
小说主人公皮普被描绘为一个孤独、痛苦的孤儿，他相信自己注定不会幸福。
然而在一个偶然的机会下，他得到了一个“慈善家”的资助，重新获得了自尊心和自信。
随着小说的发展，他爱上了被资助人家庭女儿艾丽莎，但是爱情之路却充满了磨难和阻碍。
除了爱情经历，小说还涉及了艾丽莎父亲的仇恨，皮普养父的秘密，以及其他多样化的题材和情节。
在小说主题上有许多争议。
许多学者认为《Great Expectations》是关于人性内在的冲突和成长的独立之旅；同时也是一部关于阶级和社会晋升的描写，涉及了英国社会中不同阶层的隔阂和人们对财富的渴望。
无论从哪个方面来看，小说都展现了狄更斯对于人性的独到洞见和深刻观察。
此外，《Great Expectations》的叙述方式引人入胜。
小说以第一人称陈述的方式，视角主要集中于皮普身上。
小说语言优美，表现技巧高超，结合了讽刺、幽默和悲剧的元素，从而使人物形象生动而又真实。
同时，小说的结构也是令人印象深刻的。
细节和驱动剧情的事件紧密相连，每一章节都让人想去追寻下一段故事，产生了强烈的阅读欲望。
总之，《Great Expectations》是一部不容错过的经典小说。
它描绘了人性的深处，揭示了社会的弊病，还勾画了一个富有想象力的世界。
这部小说流露出了狄更斯对于人性的深刻洞察和对于文学的独到理解，是一部流传至今的经典之作。
文学阅读指导-8-Great_Expectation
Great Expectations－Charles DickensKEY LITERARY ELEMENTSSETTINGThe action of Great Expectations takes place in a limited geography between a small village at the edge of the North Kent marshes, a market town in which Satis House is located, and the greater city of London. The protagonist, Pip, grows up in the marsh village. Eventually he becomes a frequent visitor to Satis House, located in the market town. Upon inheriting a good deal of money, he moves to London, where he is taught to be a gentleman. Throughout the novel, Pip travels between these three locations in pursuit of his great expectations.LIST OF CHARACTERSMajor CharactersPipPhilip Pirip. He is the narrator and hero of the novel. He is a sensitive orphan raised by his sister and brother-in-law in rural Kent. After showing kindness to an escaped convict, he becomes the beneficiary of a great estate. He rejects his common upbringing in favor of a more refined life in London, unaware that his benefactor is actually the convict. By the end of the novel he learns a great lesson about friendship and loyalty, and gives up his "great expectations" in order to be more true to his past.Joe GargeryA simple and honest blacksmith, and the long-suffering husband of Mrs. Joe. He is Pip's brother-in-law, as well as a loyal friend and ally. He loves and supports Pip unconditionally, even when Pip is ashamed of him and abandons him. By the end of the novel, Pip realizes the true worth of Joe's friendship.Miss HavishamA bitter and eccentric old lady who was long ago jilted on her wedding day. She continues to wear her faded wedding gown, though it is old and yellowed. The cake, rotted after all these years, still adorns her dining room table. Twisted by her own hatred and resentment, she lives in cobwebbed darkness with her adopted daughter Estella, whom she has raised to be a man-hater.EstellaThe beautiful adopted daughter of Miss Havisham. Haughty and contemptuous, she is a girl with a very cold heart. She has been brought up to wreak revenge on the male sex on Miss Havisham's behalf. She is honest with Pip when she tells him she is incapable of returning his love.Magwitch (also known as Provis and Campbell)An escaped convict who initially bullies Pip into bringing him food and a file. Unbeknownst to Pip, the convict later rewards him by bequeathing him a large amount of money anonymously. He comes back into Pip's life when Pip is an adult, revealing himself as the donor, and asks for help in escaping the death sentence he has been given as a result of his life of crime.Minor CharactersMrs. Joe GargeryPip's sister. She is a short-tempered woman who resents Pip because he is a burden to her. She is attacked with a leg-iron and spends the rest of her life unable to communicate because of a brain-injury. She learns to be patient and forgiving as a result of the attack.Biddy WopslePip's confidante and teacher. As a child, she develops a crush on Pip. She runs the house after Mrs. Joe's accident and later marries Joe.Mr. WopsleA parish lay clerk who had formerly wanted to be a clergyman. He leaves his church to become a not-so-successful actor in London. His "great expectations" are in comic parallel to Pip's.Mr. PumblechookJoe's uncle. He joins Mrs. Joe in bullying and resenting Pip, then takes some credit for Pip's good fortune.Mr. and Mrs. HubbleFriends of Mrs. Joe.OrlickJoe's employee. He is an evil character who attacks Mrs. Joe and also attempts to take Pip's life. Later he robs Mr. Pumblechook and ends up in jail.Mr. JaggersA criminal lawyer in London. He is well respected in his own dubious social circle, and is most well known for his ability to defend even the dregs of society. He is the administrator of Pip's inheritance.WemmickJaggers' confidential clerk. He is a good-natured man in his personal life, but is incredibly stern and officious in his professional life. Pip often remarks that Wemmick has two personalities. He becomes an advisor and friend to Pip.Herbert PocketPip's elegant and artlessly optimistic best friend. Though living in genteel poverty, he is an example of an uncommon gentleman.Mr. Matthew PocketPip's teacher and Herbert's father. He is a thoroughly educated gentleman under whom Pip is to learn. He is the only member of the family who does not flatter Mrs. Havisham; as a result, she is not happy with him.Bentley DrummleA sulking brute who eventually marries Estella then mistreats her.StartopA tenant of Mr. Pocket and a friend of Pip.MollyJaggers' housekeeper. She was once accused of murder but acquitted. She turns out to be Estella's mother.Miss SkiffinsWemmick's girlfriend and later, bride.ClaraHerbert Pocket's girlfriend and later, bride.Mrs. BrandleyThe old widow with whom Estella lives in Richmond.Mrs. WhimpleAn elderly woman at whose house Pip and Herbert lodge Magwitch in order to hide him.CompeysonMagwitch's onetime partner in crime. It is his fault Magwitch is sentenced to prison. He becomes an informant to the police and helps recapture Magwitch.CONFLICTProtagonistThe protagonist of this novel is Philip Pirip, called Pip. Pip is a sensitive child, orphaned and living under the care of his sister and her husband. His sister resents him and continually reminds him that he is a burden. His brother-in-law, Joe, is kind to him; in fact, he is the only one who shows Pip any love.An encounter in his childhood leads Pip to aid an escaped convict. In order to repay Pip, the convict secretly bestows him with large sums of money, so that Pip's dream of becoming a gentleman is realized. Pip changes on acquiring wealth and status; his childhood home and friends are embarrassing to him. In trying to live up to his own great expectations, he loses his sense of judgment and begins to value material possessions and gentlemanly pretensions more than kindness and friendship. On realizing that his patron is a convict, and that he has forsaken everyone who loved him in this false attempt to be a gentleman, Pip mends his wayof life and returns to his good-natured self, more mature as a result of his experience.AntagonistThe antagonist in this novel is not a person as much as it is an expectation, or rather, a set of expectations. Pip is led into making grave mistakes based on his false expectation of being a gentleman, his false expectation of marrying Estella, and his general false expectation of rising above his past. In the process of living out these expectations, Pip hurts the people who have been kindest to him -- namely Joe and Biddy. In the end, he learns that all his aspirations have been based on a false presumption that he could rise above his past and be something better than Joe or Biddy. His wealth comes from a convict, and his newfound airs of being a gentleman dissolve in the realization that things are not what he has thought. He learns that true worth comes from inside a man, and turns away from his once-great expectations.At times, actual characters seem menacing or dangerous, qualities usually associated with antagonists. Orlick, for example, is Pip's first enemy. He resents Pip and seriously wounds Mrs. Joe. Later, he tries to kill Pip. Drummle, for his part, is known as the "Spider." He baits Pip continually and steals Estella away as his wife, only to abuse her. Compeyson haunts Pip and Magwitch, eventually causing Magwitch serious wounds and successfully aiding the police in capturing him. These three, more than any other characters, provide the texture of the dramatic tension in the novel.Estella and Miss Havisham occupy a special place in the dramatic breakdown of the novel as well. For some time, both are mildly threatening characters; Estella with her alternating cruelty and kindness and Miss Havisham with her morbid dress and rotten cake. Bitterness has led Miss Havisham to train Estella in coldness. And Estella herself warns Pip with certainty that she can only hurt him and that she is not capable of returning his love. In the end, Miss Havisham repents of her bitterness and Estella and Pip part as friends, but roles of these two women in sustaining the dramatic tension of the novel cannot be ignored.ClimaxThe climax occurs when Pip learns the identity of his benefactor. In that moment, all his great expectations dissolve into shame of the convict and disgust with himself for his gradual change. He knows now that he is not destined to marry Estella, nor is he any less common than he was as a blacksmith's apprentice. As well, he is obligated to protect hisbenefactor out of loyalty and gratitude. The foundation of assumptions and expectations on which he has built his life is completely shaken.OutcomePip lays aside his expectations of greatness. He protects his benefactor and realizes that this convict has been more loyal to him than he has been to Joe. He makes sure he will not have access to any more of the convict's money and acknowledges the dignity of laboring for his own keep. He apologizes to Joe and Biddy for his lack of loyalty to them. Finally, eleven years later, he meets Estella and is able to part from her as friends.SHORT PLOT/CHAPTER SUMMARY (Synopsis)As a young child, the orphan Pip lives with his sister and brother-in-law, the village blacksmith. On Christmas Eve, Pip is walking through the marshes when he meets an escaped convict who threatens him into bringing back food and a file to break the leg-irons. On Christmas Day, the convict is captured and returned to the prison ships known as The Hulks. He never reveals Pip's assistance when he is caught and asked how he escaped his irons.Much later, young Pip is sent to entertain Miss Havisham, a wealthy old lady who lives in a mansion known as Satis House. Miss Havisham is a bitter woman who was jilted on her wedding day long ago. She still wears her wedding gown, and the now-rotten wedding cake sits atop her dining room table. Her adopted daughter, Estella, is beautiful, and Pip instantly falls in love with her. But Estella is cold and distant. Over time, she softens somewhat toward Pip, but her affection is erratic. She tells him she can never love anyone.Pip is dismissed from Miss Havisham's service and becomes an apprentice to Joe. But Estella has instilled in him a shame in his commonness. He longs to be a gentleman, not a blacksmith. His discontent grows. One day he learns that an anonymous benefactor has left him an enormous sum of money. He is to move to London, where he will be trained to act as a gentleman. A lawyer, Jaggers, will oversee his inheritance. Pip is certain his benefactor is Miss Havisham, and believes he is being trained as Estella's future husband. Pip's happiness is unfathomable as he moves to London, away from the only family and friends he has ever known. He is educated by Mr. Mathew Pocket and strikes a great friendship with his son, Herbert.His wealth and position changes him, and soon Pip leads a dissipated life full of idleness. He is ashamed of Joe and Biddy, and wants little to do with them. He thinks association with them will lower him in Estella's eyes. Estella continues to be a powerful factor in his life. She has been trained by Miss Havisham to break men's hearts, and is constantly put in Pip's life to toy with him. Even though she warns him she cannot love him, Pip persists in loving her.On his twenty-fourth birthday, Pip learns that his benefactor is not Miss Havisham, but the convict from long ago. He realizes he is not meant for Estella, and also that Miss Havisham deliberately let him assume incorrectly. As well, he realizes with shame that he has mistreated his good friend Joe, who was always faithful to him. Though Pip is ashamed of the convict, Magwitch, he is grateful and loyal, so he commits himself to protecting Magwitch from the police, who are looking for him. His friend, Herbert Pocket, helps him.Pip's moral education begins. He decides he can no longer accept the convict's money. He becomes compassionate towards Magwitch, realizing the depth of the convict's love for him. He tries to help Magwitch escape, but in the chaos, Magwitch is injured and caught. Magwitch dies, but not before Pip discovers that adopted Estella is Magwitch's daughter and tells Magwitch how lovely she is. Estella marries Pip's enemy, Drummle. Miss Havisham dies, but not before repenting of the bitterness that has ruined her life. She leaves a good deal of money to Herbert Pocket, at Pip's request, in the hope that it will earn her forgiveness. Pip goes to Joe and Biddy, who have married one another since the death of Pip's sister. He atones for his sins against them then sets off on his own, determined to make things right in his life. The novel ends when he meets Estella after many years. She has left Drummle, who has since died. She is remarried. She and Pip part as friends and Pip realizes she will always be a part of his life, as surely as all the other memories of his once-great expectations.THEMESThe major themes in the novel are all related to ambition, i.e. "great expectations." Some issues explored under this umbrella theme are greed, envy, pride, arrogance, ingratitude and unkindness. The primary lesson Pip learns is that uncommon-ness on the inside is more important than uncommon-ness on the outside. He learns contentment and humility and returns to the kindness and generosity that characterized him when he was young. The themes are related to and presented in the Bildungsroman genre, which is explained in the "Background" section of this guide.MOODGreat Expectations is regarded as Dickens "grotesque tragicomic" conception, probably because of the mix of comedy and tragedy that adorns most of his novels. The opening of the novel is a perfect example of the dual mood. There are moments of touching tragedy and sadness, such as young Pip in a cemetery surrounded by his dead family, and Pip being mistreated by his only surviving relative, Mrs. Joe.At the same time, there is lighthearted comedy, such as when Mr. Pumblechook and Mr. Wopsle weave their tales of how the thief must have stolen the pork pie, when all the time, it was no thief but Pip. Though some of the comic mood is sustained throughout the book, it is definitely not the predominant mood. In fact, the darker moods dominate the text, with mystery and danger always lurking beyond the next page. Miss Havisham presents a grotesque mystery, as does Jaggers' housekeeper Molly. The unknown and the dreaded are always present, especially toward the end of the novel, when grave events and serious complications completely envelop the plot.BACKGROUND INFORMATION - BIOGRAPHYCharles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812. He was the son of John and Elizabeth Dickens. His father, a clerk in the Naval Pay Office, was sent to prison for debt. Young Charles was only twelve years old when he was sent to work at Warren's Blacking Factory, while the rest of his family joined his father in the Marshalsea Prison. During this time, Charles lived alone in a lodging house, ashamed and frightened. These early experiences became a source of creative energy and a reason for his preoccupation with themes of alienation and betrayal. These early experiences also made him self-reliant, a trait which would later turn him into a hard-working and dedicated writer.Dickens returned to school after the financial difficulties were over. When he was fifteen, he went to work as a clerk in a law firm. Later hebecame a free-lance reporter, first reporting on dull law cases and then the more exciting parliamentary debates. These experiences helped shape his social consciousness. In 1830, he fell in love with Maria Beadwell, the daughter of a banker. The relationship was short-lived, since Dickens was not considered a good match for her, by her parents' standards. He then met and married Catherine Hogarth on April 2, 1836.Dickens' first published story appeared in 1835. He also started writing under the famous pseudonym "Boz", with the first sketches published in 1836. His success as a writer truly began with the Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club (1836-37), now known as The Pickwick Papers. Its popularity allowed him to embark on a full-time career as a novelist. He wrote Oliver Twist in 1837, followed by Nicholas Nickleby, The Olde Curiosity Shop, and Barnaby Rudge. Dickens also had a social conscience. He visited Canada and the United States in 1842 and advocated international copyright laws and the abolition of slavery. His American Notes appeared in October of that year and, along with the novel Martin Chuzzlewit, did not portray America flatteringly.Dickens' enormously successful A Christmas Carol was published in 1844. From 1844 onward, the family spent a lot of time abroad, especially in Italy, Switzerland, and France. The Chimes, The Cricket on the Hearth, and Pictures from Italy belong to this period. He published Domby and Son in 1846, and began the serial David Copperfield in 1849. He published Bleak House in 1852, Hard Times in 1854, Little Dorrit in 1855, and collaborated with W. Collins on a play, The Frozen Deep, in 1856. He also founded and became the editor of the weekly Household Words and opened a theatrical company. In 1859 he began to edit All the Year Round, a weekly magazine.A serialization of A Tale of Two Cities appeared in this weekly in 1859. Great Expectations began to appear in 1860 and ended in 1861.Dickens, being a much loved author, started the public reading of his works in 1853; this activity continued until 1870, when he gave his final public reading. He suffered a stroke on June 8, 1870, at Gad's Hill, the estate he had bought. He died on June 9, 1870. He was buried in Westminster Abbey, and his unfinished work, The Mystery of Edward Drood, appeared in September.Dickens, who addressed social issues and historic events with penetrating insight, is regarded as the greatest British author of all times. The power of his novels, which are rich, diverse, and intense, lies in his ability to report accurately and to transform the ordinary into something magical. His concern for modern society is evident in all his novels. He emerges as a social reformer with a deep compassion for the working class. His works, which are complex, deep, and perceptive, are also marked withmelodramatic intensity and humor. Many of his themes and images are recurrent. The image of a corrupt judicial system, especially the condition of prisons, occupies a central spot in both Bleak House and Little Dorrit.At times, Dickens exposes the humorous face of a sadly comic world with which he has gradually become disillusioned. He presents the failures of both business ethics and revolutionary zeal. In A Tale of Two Cities, he depicts both the excitement and the chaos of revolution.Charles Dickens was a prolific writer of quality works that have remained popular through the years for their intensity and social conscience. In spite of his lack of formal education, he reveals in his novels a mastery of the English language and a sophisticated depth of thought that has endeared him to many generations of students and readers.LITERARY/HISTORICAL INFORMATIONGreat Expectations was published serially in Dickens' weekly periodical, All the Year Round, from December 1860 until June 1861. This serialization was done in order to restore the dwindling readership of the magazine and was a wonderful success. There have been countless adaptations of the novel for the stage and screen and it is often credited as Dickens' greatest work.Some critics and historians suggest that Dickens wrote Great Expectations from an autobiographical perspective, drawing on his own experience as a discontent child. As well, two literary terms are commonly used in describing the style and development of Great Expectations. First, the novel is picaresque. This term applies to plots that are episodic in nature. As a serial novel, Great Expectations is necessarily picaresque. Pip's story is told in small portions, each chapter having a self-contained event or situation that combines with the others to form the greater plot. Second, the novel is in the Bildungsroman genre. This means the main character's self-development comes about as a result of trying to find his place in society. Some common elements of the Bildungsroman genre are the following: discontentment with society and one's lot in life, a long and difficult maturation period in which the discontented lashes out against the world, and a resolution in which he is restored to the world and renewed or invigorated with his place in the world.OVERALL ANALYSESCHARACTER ANALYSISPipPhillip Pirip is aptly nicknamed Pip, a word commonly used to denote the seed of an apple. From early childhood well into adulthood, Pip's budding maturity is the focus of the novel. In keeping with the Bildungsroman genre, Pip is at first an innocent young child whose place in this world has not been well defined. He is an orphan whose only sister finds him a nuisance and a burden; she resents him to the point of cruelty. Two random events happen which at first seem like mere episodes in the life of a child: Pip helps an escaped convict by giving him food and means of escape, and Pip is called to the home of Miss Havisham to entertain her and her daughter. The full consequence of these happenings on Pip's life is not fully known until the end of the novel, but they will determine the next three decades of his lifeIn true Bildungsroman fashion, the hero must become discontent with his life and his station in society. The visits to Miss Havisham are the catalyst for this discontent. Estella's disgust for everything "common" introduces young Pip to shame and embarrassment over his family and his appearance. He becomes obsessed with uncommon-ness and the desire to overcome his lowly position in order to impress Estella.The inheritance he receives becomes the medium for his social transformation. With the money, he can realize his dream of becoming a gentleman. Wealth brings with it many vices and soon Pip starts leading a hollow and purposeless life of luxury. Under the influence of false pride and vanity that comes with gentlemanly pretensions, he rejects his background and snaps all connections with Joe and Biddy. He nurtures the belief that Miss Havisham is his patron and the reason for her generosity is that she wants Pip to marry Estella. Though he occasionally questions the appropriateness of his new behavior, he continues to pursue his expectations. When the truth is unleashed, Pip is rudely awakened from his fantasy world.The reality that his patron is a convict undermines Pip's so-called "gentlemanliness." As well, he realizes at what cost he has pursued his dreams. He comes to accept the fact that his participation in the old dream of great expectations has hurt genuine people who care for him. He refuses all undeserved wealth and undergoes the ordeal of losing Estella to a brute. All these events make him wiser and more mature. At the end of the novel, he is an ordinary man who works to earn his keep. He is able to meet Estella one last time and part as friends, a final testament to the tremendous growth of his spirit.Interestingly enough, Pip is the only character in the novel that Dickens never describes physically. Some outward characteristic, behavior, or gesture defines nearly all of Dickens' characters. Pip, however, is acharacter of transformation. He changes so much in the course of the novel that any attempt to define him by physical expression or appearance might lessen the impact of his journey. This internal growth is the final aspect of the Bildungsroman style Dickens achieves.Joe GargeryAs the village blacksmith and Pip's brother-in-law, Joe's commonness is expressed in his name: simple, short, and undecorative. He is a thorough gentleman at heart and is always helpful. He stands out as a loving figure in Pip's life. Joe and Pip share a relationship based on love and trust, easily likened to the relationship between father and son, or brothers. They play games and participate in friendly competitions among themselves, in order to enliven the atmosphere of their home.Joe is a simple man who looks forward to the day when Pip will become his apprentice. He has no aspirations other than to be what he is, and to teach his trade to Pip. This is beautifully dramatized in the scene, where Miss Havisham insists on paying Pip's premium as an apprentice. Joe had never wanted such a premium, since he was teaching Pip out of love. He cannot decline the money, but he is careful to make sure Pip and Miss Havisham both know he is teaching Pip out of love and concern, not for financial gain.Joe swells with pride whenever he watches Pip reading or writing. Pip tries to teach Joe all that he learns, and Joe, despite thinking himself "awful dull," is proud of his learning.Joe is loyal and humble. When Orlick argues with Mrs. Joe, Joe and Orlick get into a fight. And later, when Pip is in financial trouble, Joe pays his debts. And he is unselfish. He senses that Pip is embarrassed by his simplicity, so he leaves. Finally, he is forgiving. He marries Biddy and they name their son Pip, a gesture of love for the boy who once abandoned them in search of greater things. Joe Gargery, far from being a "mere blacksmith," is one of the heroes of the novel. Over the years, his forgiving nature and gigantic heart have made him a personal favorite of the readers.MagwitchMagwitch is an interesting character on many counts. For most of the novel, he is unnamed, referred to simply as "the convict" or "Pip's convict." Coincidentally, it is during these parts of the novel that he appears menacing and evil. He is a dangerous and desperate convict who keeps popping up in Pip's life. When he finally reveals himself to Pip, however,he expresses love and gratitude, admiration and affection. At the same time, he is given a name: Abel Magwitch. It is as if these human emotions have transformed him, making him worthy of human distinction.Magwitch is a remarkable man so filled with gratitude over a small incident in the past that he devotes his life to repaying the small boy who helped him. His gesture is so magnanimous that it transforms Pip's initial disgust into ardent admiration. Pip marvels that Magwitch is a better friend to him than he (Pip) has been to Joe.Magwitch is responsible for the changes in Pip, though not as directly as it might seem. True, his money has made Pip into a social "gentleman." But his kindness and loyalty transforms Pip into a responsible adult who regrets his own bad behavior. In short, because of Magwitch, Pip develops into a man who values integrity over wealth.CHARACTER ANALYSISEstellaLike Joe and Pip, Estella's name is a reflection on her character. Estella, like a star (stellar), is cold and distant. After all, she has been reared from the tender age of three to conduct herself without emotion. Her bewitching beauty captures Pip's heart and as a young boy, he is infatuated her. Somehow, despite her cruelty to Pip, she becomes the star of his expectations. Critics have often dismissed Estella as a twodimensional character without the tug of emotions. Quite to the contrary, Estella is the successful product of Miss Havisham's upbringing in that she truly does what the old lady raised her to do, but she seems to struggle with it. After all, she seems to warn Pip repeatedly as if she does not want to hurt him. It seems fair to say that beneath that heart of ice is a simple girl who is honest enough to try and explain to others her lack of feeling. Ironically, even Miss Havisham, who has made her the way she is, finds her coldness and lack of love unbearable.In the end, Estella is redeemed by this hidden goodness. She becomes Drummle's victim, then overcomes that situation to remarry. Pip meets her one final time and they part as friends. Of all the characters, Estella is remarkable for the perceived commentary she makes on social and class distinctions. She is the daughter of a murderer and a convict. By all practical considerations of society in that time, she is a flawed creature. But it is not her bloodline that tarnishes Estella; instead, it is her vicious and indifferent upbringing. In short, she is ruined by circumstances and not by birth.。
Great-Expectation远大前程
CharlesDickens
(1812-1870) BY BOYS GROUP
Content:
Charles Dickens Literary Status Life
Bildungsroman (教育小说) Definition/Characteristics/Representatives
Great Expectations
Introduction
The protagonist Pip was once a poor orphan, but he lived a happy life with his brother-in-law Joe. Later, as soon as he met and fell in love with Estella, he always compared himself with her and felt ashamed of himself
Ⅱ Surroundings shape characters, both internally and externally.
THANKS
Married the daughter of a magazine owner/ Fallen love with a young actress/ Divorced his wife
Rose to his reputation/ public reading tour for money Died of a stroke in 1870 and buried at Westminster Abbey
Ⅲ When he realized money and social status is not the most
expectation的用法及短语
expectation的用法及短语"Expectation" 是一个名词，表示期望、预期或期待的事物。
这个词汇在不同的上下文中都有不同的用法，以下是一些常见的用法及相关短语：1.期望和预期：•例句：My expectation was that the project would be completed by the end of the month.（我的期望是项目会在月底完成。
）2.期望值（数学和统计学）：•例句：The expectation of a random variable is its average value.（随机变量的期望值是它的平均值。
）3.期望的结果：•例句：The team had high expectations for theupcoming competition.（团队对即将到来的比赛寄予厚望。
）4.文化和社会期望：•例句：There are certain societal expectationsregarding behavior in formal settings.（在正式场合，有一定的社会行为期望。
）5.令人期待的事物：•例句：The movie lived up to my expectations.（这部电影符合我的期望。
）相关短语和表达：1.Meet expectations：达到期望。
•例句：The product needs to meet the expectations of our customers.（该产品需要达到我们客户的期望。
）2.Exceed expectations：超出期望。
•例句：Her performance exceeded our expectations.（她的表现超出了我们的期望。
）3.Undermine expectations：削弱期望。
•例句：The twist in the plot undermined theaudience's expectations.（情节中的转折削弱了观众的期望。
Great Expectation远大前程
Great Moral or Great Expectation“Great Expectations could be the most extraordinary one on the narrative structure and tongue of Charles‟s works.” Edgar Johnson had given highly praise to this novel. Before I get touch with this novel, I have no sense of how a narration should be meticulous arranged and finely crafted. As the boy Pip held the stuff stole from pantry, walking ashore in a state of anxiety, I saw a kid with fear at his age, but rather extreme loyalty. However, the scope suddenly turned to the …Pip‟ junior, his arrogant and disrespect did harm to his forever friend Joe, we certainly witness the transformation—how a spirit corroded by luxury of London—happened on the edged of good and evil. There is always a grey zone we are facing, still, hard to define.His dream of Great Expectation maybe merging from a fancy moment at which he was fascinated by the young lady Estella. Being a girl, she is glamorous and proud, well-educated but empty of soul. Most descriptions about her close to the image of the femme fatale, except her masked affection for Pip. As a weapon in possession of Miss Havisham, her life almost devote on the revenge to the male in the world. As for Miss Havisham, she might be both the most pitiful and hateful character in this novel. By creating an illusion of regarding herself as Pip‟s sponsor, she lures him into the trap and nearly ruins his life. With burned in the fire, begging for Pip‟s pardon, all she had done takes a heavy toll.Pip finally gave up his pursuit of upper-class status, which reveals the theme:the importance of affection, loyalty, and sympathy over social advancement and class superiority. It also symbolizes the dilemma everyone may encounter in social life. But no matter how the world principles constantly change, a strong-minded man would not lose himself.Mei Lei201211901407。
great expectation 英文版 范文模板
great expectation 英文版范文模板IntroductionGreat Expectations is a novel written by Charles Dickens in 1860-61. The story follows the life of an orphan boy named Pip as he grows up to become a gentleman and discovers the truths about himself and his world. This novel is widely considered to be one of Dickens' greatest works, highlighting issues such as social class, identity, and ambition.First ImpressionsThe opening chapter of Great Expectations sets the tone for the rest of the novel. It introduces us to Pip, a young boy living with his sister Mrs. Joe Gargery and her husband Mr. Joe Gargery, a blacksmith. We learn that Pip's parents are dead and that he has no memories of them. We also get introduced to a violent escaped convict who scares Pip into stealing food and a file for him.Social ClassesOne of the main themes in Great Expectations is socialclass. Throughout the book, we see how people fromdifferent social classes interact with each other and how these interactions influence their lives. For example, when Pip meets Estella at Miss Havisham's house, Estella treats him rudely because she believes he belongs to a lower class than herself.AmbitionAnother important theme in Great Expectations is ambition. Pip desires to become a gentleman so that he can escape his poor upbringing and be respected by others. He sees this as his ticket out of poverty and into happiness but eventually realizes that true happiness comes from within.Love and RelationshipsLove and relationships are also explored in Great Expectations. From Pip's infatuation with Estella to Miss Havisham's broken heart, we see how love can cause both joy and pain. Dickens also shows how our relationships with others can shape our identity.ConclusionGreat Expectations is a timeless classic that explores universal themes such as social class, ambition, love, and relationships in an engrossing way. The characters arewell-developed, the plot is compelling, and it showcases Dickens' unique writing style beautifully. Even though it was written over 150 years ago, its message still resonates today - that true happiness comes from within us rather than from external sources like money or status.。
翻译课作业——远大前程(great expectation)
如梦我的父亲姓Pirrip，我的教名叫philip。
在我牙牙学语时，这两个名字我最多只能念成Pip。
所以我称我自己为Pip，后来大家也开始这么叫我。
我把Pirrip当做我父亲的姓氏，因为这名字刻在了我父亲的墓碑上，而且我姐姐也说过。
我的姐姐嫁给了一个铁匠，人称Joe Gargery 夫人。
我从没见过我的父亲母亲，也从没见过任何一个与他们相似的人，因为他们生活的年代远在照相机问世以前。
在看到我父母的墓碑后，莫名其妙的，我第一次幻想出了他们生前的音容笑貌。
拼写我父亲名字的字母形状使我有了一个古怪的想法——我的父亲是一个圆滚滚、胖墩墩、矮矬矬、黑乎乎的男人，还有一头打卷的黑发。
据铭文上的字来看，“上述者之妻Georgiana ”，我下了一个幼稚的结论，我的妈妈是个脸上长满雀斑的病秧子。
有五块菱形石碑，每个大约一英尺半长，它们整齐地排列在我父母的墓室旁边，唤起了我对我五个兄弟的回忆。
在这个充满斗争的世界上他们早早地放弃了求生。
我有一个宗教式的信念，我的五个兄弟肯定打从呱呱坠地的时候两手就抄在裤兜里，而且直到躺进坟墓里都没把手抽出来过。
我们的家乡是一片沼泽地，顺河而下，离海不到二十英里。
我对事物本真的最初的最真实和广阔的印象得自于一个难以忘怀的下午。
在近晚时分，就是那个时候，我发现这个遍生荨麻的苦寒之地原来是个教堂，这个教区已故居民Philip Pirrip和“上述者之妻Georgiana ”去世了并埋葬于此；还有Alexander, Bartholomew, Abraham, Tobias, and Roger,前述夫妻的小孩，具已亡故，埋身于此；我发现教堂前的一大片黑暗平坦的荒原是沼泽地，水沟和土丘纵横其间，牛群四散开来在这里觅食；荒原前面那条低些的银灰色线条是河流；那个风声呼啸的，如遥远的荒凉的动物巢穴一般的地方是大海。
我发现，对这片广阔大地感到越来越害怕最后哭起来的那个人是Pip，也就是我自己。
我父亲的姓是皮利普，而我的教名是菲利普。
远大前程(Great Expectations)
The First Expectation
Pip continues to live his unual diary life afterward. However,after he met Miss Havisham, a wealthy old lady with mental probiems,who had a beautiful but selffish companion,Estella.His prospect for future life got changed.Pip did not want to live a simple life any longer.Instead,he was determind to become a gentleman foe Estella for whom he had a deep affection .He was regular visitor to Miss Havisham and Estella in childhood.
The First Expectation
• Pip,a young orphan lives a humble existence with his ill-tempered older sister and her strong but gentle husband,Gargery. On Christmas Eve of 1812,Pip steals food and drink from the Gargery pantry to help an escaped convint.But soon the older escaped convint was arrested by policeman when he was fighting with another convint,and Pip did not hear from him over his childhood.
greatexpectation读后感
greatexpectation读后感《greatexpectation》的译者林少华曾经说过：“我从小学三年级起就开始读《金庸作品集》，当时也没想到有朝一日会用英文来翻译。
后来接触到《中国人史纲》、《二十五史》等大部头著作，发现它们的原作都可以轻易地看懂并进行自由翻译，所以我就萌生了将金庸的这些代表作翻译成英语版本的念头。
”但真正下决心翻译还是在2012年。
此前他已多次听说外国学界对金庸作品重新编排和评论，并指出金庸作品在英语世界流传甚广而且影响深远。
于是他觉得，既然金庸的武侠小说能够受到那么多西方读者的喜爱，其他作家的作品同样也应该能被更多人阅读。
所以在做好充分准备之后，林少华开始着手翻译工作。
《greatexpectation》是一部奇书，在翻译的过程中林少华几乎每天都要在网上搜索资料，或查询历史背景知识，或参考英美相关研究文献。
例如，他在《greatexpectation》中看到有人提及，在古希腊罗马时期，人们为纪念阿基米德（ Archimedes）而设立了阿基米德祭坛。
在公元2世纪的某个时候，一位名叫乔治·斯蒂芬（ Georges Stephen）的哲学家根据阿基米德的名字，将这座祭坛命名为“阿基米德祭坛”。
随后，希腊文化传播到欧洲各地，许多城市都建造了类似的祭坛。
这样的事情还有很多，比如“阿基米德节”、“阿基米德日”、“阿基米德周”等。
《greatexpectation》是一部奇书，因为它里面包含了不少与我们传统观念完全不同的内容。
例如，书中讲述了古希腊科学巨匠阿基米德是怎样通过数学证明出“大地是球形的”；古印度人又是怎样创造出阿拉伯数字；波斯帝国的国王是怎样通过推算法计算出波斯湾海水的平均深度……书中的内容令人目瞪口呆，同时也引起了我强烈的求知欲望。
我相信，任何一个读过《greatexpectation》的人都会像我一样惊叹：这简直太神奇了！在这本书里，你总能找到你感兴趣的问题答案，它让你明白什么才是真正的科学精神。
great expectation观后感100字
great expectation观后感100字摘要：1.电影《Great Expectations》的基本情节介绍2.主人公Pip的成长历程及心路变化3.影片中的主题和寓意4.个人对电影的观后感及启示正文：看过电影《Great Expectations》后，我深感这部作品充满了戏剧性与人生哲理。
故事讲述了主人公Pip从一个贫穷的孤儿，成长为一位有教养、有身份的绅士的过程。
在这个过程中，Pip历经磨难，明白了人生的价值并非仅仅在于金钱与地位，而在于真诚的感情和内心的善良。
电影中，Pip的命运发生了两次重大转折。
第一次是童年时，他遇到了一位神秘的富翁Miss Havisham的遗嘱执行人，获得了接受教育的机会。
第二次是在成年后，Pip得知自己的财富来源并非Miss Havisham，而是那位曾经帮助过他的囚犯Magwitch。
这两次经历使Pip深刻体会到了命运的无常，也让他明白了真爱的可贵。
影片中的主题和寓意非常丰富。
首先，它揭示了当时英国社会的阶级偏见和贫富差距。
Pip在追求财富和地位的过程中，逐渐发现自己内心的空虚，最终回归真实的自我。
其次，电影强调了人性的善良和真诚感情的重要性。
在Pip的成长历程中，他遇到了许多对他产生深远影响的人物，如Miss Havisham、Magwitch、Joe Gargery等。
他们让Pip明白了真正的幸福并非来自于金钱和地位，而是来自于内心的善良和对他人的关爱。
看完这部电影，我深刻感受到了人生的无常和命运的无情。
在我们追求物质生活的同时，不能忽视内心的成长和情感的满足。
财富和地位并非人生的全部，真正的幸福是我们用真诚和爱心去感受的。
同时，电影也提醒我们要珍惜身边的每一个人，他们的陪伴与关爱才是我们人生中最宝贵的财富。
远大前程 查尔斯 狄更斯
Miss Havisham
wealthy, eccentric manic and often seems insane an example of single-minded vengeance pursued destructively
Estella young beautiful cruel cold uninterested in him
Great Expectations
• — Charles Dickens
Group Members: Dylan Lisa
Cassie
Great Expectations 《远大前程》
Great Expectations
Ⅰ Author Ⅱ Plot Ⅲ Character Analysis
ⅣTheme and Symbols ⅤDoubles
他被埋在诗人角，他的 墓志铭是
Charles Dickens 查尔斯· 狄更斯(1812—1870)
◇Novels The First Period (1836-1841) ☆ 1836 Sketches by Boz « 特写集»
☆1836-1837 The Pickwick Papers《匹克威克外传》 ☆1837-1838 ☆1838-1839 Oliver Twist 《雾都孤儿》 Nicholas Nickleby « 尼古拉斯· 尼克尔贝» Barnaby Rudge « 巴纳比· 拉奇»
Charles Dickens 查尔斯· 狄更斯(1812—1870)
◇Life experience
He published extensively and was considered a literary celebrity until his death in 1870. He lies buried in the Poet’s Corner in London. The words of his grave read as follows:”by his death one of England’s greatest writers is lost to the world.” 后来他发又表 了大量的小说， 被誉为文学界 的泰斗。他于 1870年病逝。