“第二人生”与英语学习项目的整合共9页word资料
高二英语FitforLife课件
04
Physical health
Exercise and fitness are essential for maintaining good physical health It can improve cardiovascular health, strengthen muscles and bones, and reduce the risk of chronic diseases
Running is a simple and effective way to improve cardiovascular endurance and strength legs It can be done indoors or outdoors, and is suitable for most students
Weight management
Regular exercise and a healthy diet are crucial for achieving and maintaining a healthy weight It can help to burn calories, control anger pangs, and reduce the risk of obesity
High school second year English Fit for Life cours
CATALOGUE
目录
Course IntroductionFit for Life philosophyA healthy dieSports and FitnessMental healthLife Practice of Fit for Life
Module9LifehistoryUnit2Hedecidedtobeanactor(教案)
1.教学重点
-重点词汇和短语:pursue, talent, audition, determination, devote等,这些词汇和短语是描述人生经历和梦想追求的关键表达,需学生在实际语境中熟练运用。
-句型结构:课文中出现的复杂句型结构,如定语从句、宾语从句等,需学生掌握并在口语和写作中准确使用。
-学生在写作中应能运用:“Although he faced many challenges, his talent and determination finally paid off.”
2.教学难点
-生词和短语的正确使用:学生在记忆和理解这些词汇的基础上,需要在实际语境中正确运用,如区分devote to和be dedicated to的用法。
2.引导与启发:在讨论过程中,我将作为一个引导者,帮助学生发现问题、分析问题并解决问题。我会提出一些开放性的问题来启发他们的思考。
3.成果分享:每个小组将选择一名代表来分享他们的讨论成果。
(五)总结回顾(用时5分钟)
今天的学习,我们了解了如何用英语描述追求梦想的过程,学习了相关的词汇和句型。同时,通过实践活动和小组讨论,我们加深了对这些知识点的理解。我希望大家能够掌握这些知识点,并在日常生活中灵活运用。最后,如果有任何疑问或不明白的地方,请随时向我提问。
其次,在讲授新课的过程中,我注意到学生们对词汇和短语的学习较为吃力。因此,我决定在接下来的课程中,加强词汇教学的环节,采用更多实例和情景模拟,帮助他们更好地掌握这些核心知识。
此外,实践活动中的角色扮演让学生们能够将所学知识运用到实际情境中,提高了他们的口语表达能力。但同时,我也发现部分学生在角色扮演时,语言表达的流畅性和逻辑性还有待提高。在今后的教学中,我会更加关注这一点,并给予他们更多的指导和鼓励。
LivingASecondLife体验第二人生
LivingASecondLife体验第二人生Those experiences are just a mouse-click away in the wild world of virtual1 realities. Today, virtual communities beckon2 millions of people—kids, teens, and adults—to live out3 their fantasies in an electronic parallel universe.Don’t believe it? Just ask Nick Petrizzi. Nick is a 12-year-old Connecticut boy who doesn’t seem to have magic powers. But put him in front of his computer and he becomes an avatar4, a virtual reality character he created. Nick has entered the world of RuneScape, one of many massively5 multiplayer online role-playing6 games. RuneScape creates a virtual world filled with monsters to kill, quests7 to complete, and treasures to find. Players from all over the world, in their avatar forms, meet to battle and trade with each other as they advance through the game’s levels. “The fun is trying to get your game levels up,” Nick says. “It’s also fun to meet new players.”Everyone who plays RuneScape knows it’s only a game. But Second life, created by San Francisco’s Linden Lab, takes the cyberexperience8 to another level. Second Life is a three-dimensional9 online society that has more than 1.3 million people around the world playing it. Once subscribers10 set up their avatars in Second Life, they can travel the world, buy virtual fashions, go on virtual vacations, build up virtual businesses—just about anything people can do in the real world. Avatars even sell things to make real money. According to CBS News, more than 100 people now earn fulltime livings selling virtual land, clothing, jewelry, weapons, and pets and offering virtual services in Second Life. Avatars buy and sell using Linden dollars, the currency of the Second Life world, which can be exchanged for real U.S. dollars, so people can make real money. One woman made more than $100,000 by trading and leasing11 valuable land to other avatars in Second Life.Teen Second LifeIn 2005, Linden launched12 Teen Second Life. This virtual world is open to teens ages 13 to 17 who—for a monthly fee of about $10—can hang out13, make friends, listen to music, and shop. It’s much like real life except that in Second Life they can also make movies, establish businesses that can earn real money, design video games, and fly.“Teen Second Life is a great way for me to escape the real world... and make friends,” says a Teen Second Life resident whose virtual-world name is Aesop Thatch. On a typical day, Thatch says, he might meet up with friends from London and Paris, check out a flea market14, and maybe make a new robot avatar.Although a virtual world seems to offer people the chance to reinvent15 themselves and change their experiences, most people don’t do that. A study of Second Life, released16 in December by EPN (a Dutch think tank17), showed that most people reproduce their real-world experiences in the virtual world. The study found that people with successful businesses in real life generally become successful businesspeople in Second Life. Avatars with many friends in Second Life also have many friends in real life too.When Worlds Collide18Is spending a lot of time in a virtual world harmless fun? Clearly, for some young people, it is not. In July 2006, Europe’s first treatment clinic specializing in computer addiction19 opened in Amsterdam. The Dutch clinic was swamped with20 calls for help from parents and kids aroundthe world. “The phone has been ringing constantly,” Keith Bakker, the American director of the clinic, told The Times of London. “These are perfectly decent21 kids whose lives have been taken over22 by an addiction. Some have given up school so they can live in a virtual world. They have no friends. They don’t speak to their parents.”How do you know whether you have a problem? The National Institute on Media and the Family says it’s a bad sign when virtual time begins to crowd out23 school, friends, and family. Problems arise when the games begin to control a player’s real life.“Our industry has always encouraged consumers to enjoy computer or video games just as they would any one leisure activity: responsibly and in moderation as part of a well-rounded24, well-adjusted lifestyle,” Douglas Lowenstein, president of the Entertainment Software Association, told New Jersey’s The Record.你有时是否觉得生活有些乏味?想建立一个商业帝国吗?想飞越高山吗?想用魔剑打败怪兽吗?而且足不出户就实现这一切?只要点击一下鼠标,我们就能在虚拟现实的疯狂世界中体验这些经历。
以课为本,研以修身——NSEModule8SportslifeUnit2案例
以课为本,研以修身——NSE Module 8 Sports life Unit 2 案例发布时间:2021-11-08T13:36:54.431Z 来源:《中小学教育》2021年12月2期作者:陈春[导读]陈春浙江省瑞安市塘下镇第一中学 325204中图分类号:G652.2 文献标识码:A 文章编号:ISSN1001-2982 (2021)12-031-02Ⅰ. 背景:《义务教育英语课程标准》(2011版)中指出:学习英语能帮助学生形成开放、包容的性格,发展跨文化交流的意识与能力,促进思维发展,形成正确的人生观、价值观和良好的人文素养。
义务教育阶段的英语课程具有工具性和人文性双重性质。
就人文性而言,英语课程承担着提高学生综合人文素养的任务,即学生通过英语课程能够开阔视野,丰富生活经历,形成跨文化意识,增强爱国主义精神,发展创新能力,形成良好的品格和正确的人生观与价值观。
而在当今社会,青少年缺乏健全的人格、没有积极奋斗的精神、缺乏感恩和乐于助人的心、缺少健康向上的心态、没有持之以恒坚强的毅力,认知能力差,不抗压,做事虎头蛇尾。
英语既是交流的工具,也是思维的工具。
它能够促进人的心智发展,提高人文素养。
在日常教学中,有的老师也意识到品德教育的重要性,但是方式很机械,往往是快要下课的时候,突兀地出现一张幻灯片,将本节课的品德目标呈现给学生。
品德教育不能是简单、空洞的说教,而是要努力挖掘教材中的德育资源,充分选择英语教学和品德教育的交叉点,把品德教育自然而然地渗透到日常教学中,使之巧妙融合,有的放矢,随着课堂教学的层层递进,慢慢地潜入学生的心坎上,融入学生的行为中,从而达到润物细无声的效果,实现学科育人的目的。
下列笔者就以NES Module8 sports life unit2 He was invited to competitions around the world 阅读课为例,简单谈谈如何在英语课堂中植入价值观和人生观的教育。
M7U2-Two-life-saving-medicine教学提纲
Part III (paras. 4-5) The development and effects of penicillin
Development of aspirin
In 1900: sold in shops in the form of
tablets
In 1971: proved to reduce the risk of
In 1940: made and tested in large quantities
In 1944: mass production began In 1945: The three scientists shared
the Nobel Prize in Medicine.
Effects of aspirin
• Reduce fever and help stop pain • Reduce the risk of heart attacks • Prevent strokes • Reduce the risk of some cancers by 40% • Increase the length of people’s lives • Reduce blood sugar levels
2. What award did Fleming, Florey n and Chain share? The Nobel Prize in Medicine.
Structure analysis
Part I (para. 1) _In_t_r_o_d_u_c_t_io_n_ to the topic Part II (paras. 2-3) The development aenfdfects
Unit 2 A Life's Work Using Language 课件
10 Put the expressions that show different qualities in Activity 9 into the boxes. Add any more you can think of.
Perseverance
Integrity
• refused to back down • kept on • with great resolution • dedicated much of their
Traditional crafts have recently undergone a renaissance.
Because there is greater public interest in old stories and traditions, as well as a desire for high-quality products. Furthermore, craftsmanship reflects people’s desire for skilled and socially useful work.
11 Work in pairs. Talk about other people who show the spirit of craftsmanship using the words and expressions in this section. Do further research if necessary.
traditional crafts. 3 To replace traditional crafts with modern technology. 4 To t craftworkers.
6 Listen again and complete the table.
Unit2Alife'sworkStartingoutUnderstandingideas学历案-高
枣庄三中实验高中校区高二年级下学期英语学历案编写教师:枣庄市实验高中英语教学与研究组组长周敏使用日期:2024.2 选必三Unit 2 A life’s work (第1课时)Starting out and understanding ideas Life behind the Lens【单元素养目标】【课标要求】1. 本单元的主题语境是“人与自我”,涉及的主题语境内容是工匠精神。
2. 本课时围绕主题语境提供的语篇类型是新闻报道。
3. 通过学习美国摄影师Bill Cunningham的专业精神和人生哲学,启发学生积极探究主题意义。
【学习目标】1.通过略读课文,判断文章标题的含义和作者的写作意图;2.分析课文结构,学习对比描述的写作方法;3.联系生活实际,加深对工匠精神的理解,思考如何精益求精并取得成功。
【自学评价】◆核心词汇1.(使)摆好姿势 v. _____________2.食品杂货店 n. _____________3.着迷,迷恋n. _____________4.时尚 n. _____________5.不复杂的,简单的;单纯的 adj._______6.遥远的 adj. _____________7.名人,明星 n. ____________8.(行业所需的)技能 n. ____________9.实验 n. _____________10.手艺;工艺n. _____________11.恶劣的;艰苦的adj._____________12.富裕的,繁荣的adj. _____________◆阅读词汇1.lens n. ______________2.grocery n. ______________3.anthropologist n._____________4.atomic adj. _____________5.propulsion n. _____________6.acclaim n. _____________7.shun v._____________8.spotlight n. _____________◆重点词组1.一位白发老人________________________2.拍照_______________________3.简单的日常场景_____________________4.在当地杂货店______________________5.乘车回家_______________________6.在布满涂鸦的地铁上________________7.看到美好和潜力_____________________8.为…打开时尚之门___________________9. 他对摄影的奉献____________________10. 把艰苦努力投入到工作中___________11. 不管天气如何_____________________12. 请一天假______________________13. 生病在家______________________ 14. 他的生活方式______________________15. 给…提供好处______________________16. 珍视他的正直______________________17. 使某人专注于… _____________________18. 使他捕捉到纽约街头的独特风格_______19. 某人对摄影的热情___________________20. 不仅是时尚摄影师___________________【学习过程】Step 1 Starting outWatch the video and answer the questions:1.How did Cook Ding pare himself to other cooks?2.What lesson did Lord Wenhui learn from Cook Ding?Step 2 Understanding ideasPrereadingLook at the photos and answer the questions in Activity 1 on P14 .Whilereading1)Choose another suitable title for the passage and give your reasons in Activity 2 on P20.2)Organise information from the passage and plete the diagram in Activity 3 on P20.Postreading ( Think and share)1.Can you e up with words or expressions to describe Bill Cunningham? And give your reason.2.What is your understanding of Bill Cunningham’s words “Money’s the cheapest thing”?3.Why is Bill Cunningham called a “cultural anthropologist”?【当堂检测】I.课文语法填空Bill Cunningham, a white-haired old man riding an ordinary bicycle around the streets of New York, was one of the most important American 1.___________ (photographer) of the last 50 years. But if you saw him, you would never think there was anything 2.________ (remark) about him.What made Cunningham so great? Cunningham always used simple, 3.________ (relative) cheap cameras and 4.________ (take) all his pictures on the streets of New York, not in a studio. He found inspiration where others could not, in simple, everyday scenes. These things were real, and it was withintheir reality 5.________ Cunningham saw both beauty and potential.Moreover, what made Cunningham great was his devotion 6.________ photography. Cunningham would go out onto the streets of New York each and every day, regardless of the weather. This devotion and hard work is what we see reflected within his photos. This is what makes them so special.Although he was a world-famous fashion photographer Cunningham's approach to life was unplicated 7.________ he never accepted the benefits 8.________ (offer) to him.Cunningham's passion for photography lasted throughout his life. He was 87 when he passed away. Nothing ever stopped him from 9.________ (get) the photo he wanted. His hard work made him more than 10.________ fashion photographer — he was a “cultural anthropologist”, who we can thank for recording the life of a whole city and its people over half a century.II.翻译句子练习1.他的伟大之处在于他对摄影事业的奉献以及他为这个事业投入的长期大量工作。
江苏省常州市西夏墅中学高中英语Unit2FitforlifeProject课件牛津译林版选修7
metal needles
put needles into the skin at certain points on the body
about 2,000 acupuncture points
—Let’s learn
1. The main needle now used for acupuncture is fine and sharp.
3. Used for pressing the tissue under the skin; a dull needle, used for tapping against pressure points. point of view 观点 on the point of 正要……的时候 to the point 中肯,扼要;切中要害
—Let’s explore Homework Research on Chinese medicine and report your findings to the class.
—Let’s go
1. Planning Divide the students into groups of 6 or 8. Discuss the eight questions in Part B.
addiction n.(常与to连用)成瘾,沉溺 1) 他的酒瘾毁了他的一生。
Her addiction to alcohol ruined her life. 2) 有些肥胖的问题是由于太爱吃糖和脂肪含量高的事物
引起的。
Some weight problems are caused by an addiction to sugar and fat.
《Unit 2 Health and Fitness Group Work》学历案-中职英语高教版2
《Health and Fitness Group Work》学历案(第一课时)一、学习主题本课时学习主题为“Health and Fitness Group Work”,即健康与健身的团队协作学习。
在中职英语课程中,该主题旨在通过英语语言的学习与交流,增强学生健康意识,培养团队协作能力,并提高英语实际运用能力。
二、学习目标1. 知识与技能目标:学生能够掌握与健康和健身相关的基本英语词汇和句型,能够进行简单的英语对话交流。
2. 过程与方法目标:通过小组合作学习,培养学生团队协作能力,学会在小组中有效沟通与分工。
3. 情感态度与价值观目标:增强学生健康意识,引导学生养成健康的生活方式和习惯,树立正确的人生观和价值观。
三、评价任务1. 词汇掌握:通过课堂小测或个人作业形式,检查学生对健康与健身相关词汇的掌握情况。
2. 口语交流:组织学生进行小组讨论,并选取代表进行汇报,评价学生在小组活动中的口语表达能力。
3. 团队协作:观察学生在小组活动中的表现,评价其团队协作能力和分工合作的效率。
4. 学习态度:通过课堂表现和课后作业的完成情况,评价学生的学习态度和参与度。
四、学习过程1. 导入新课:通过图片或视频展示健康与健身的相关内容,引导学生讨论健康的重要性,并激发学生学习兴趣。
2. 词汇学习:呈现与健康和健身相关的英语词汇,通过例句、图片等多种形式帮助学生理解和记忆。
3. 听力训练:播放与健康和健身相关的英语对话或短文,让学生听懂基本内容,并提取关键信息。
4. 口语实践:组织学生进行小组讨论,就某一健康或健身话题进行交流,并鼓励学生在小组内进行角色扮演和模拟对话。
5. 阅读理解:提供一篇与健康和健身相关的英语短文,让学生阅读并回答问题,培养学生的阅读理解能力。
6. 总结反馈:教师对学生的学习情况进行总结和反馈,强调重点和难点内容,并布置课后作业。
五、检测与作业1. 完成一份与健康和健身相关的英语短文写作,锻炼学生的英语写作能力。
Unit2Fitforlife文化背景牛津译林选修7
Fit for life 同步素材背景文件The Science of Asprin and WillowsWe've all been plagued with aches, pains and fevers at one time or another in our lives. Everyone seems to have their own preferences for how bad it must be before they take something, and what that something is. But chances are, at one time or another in your life you've taken an aspirin. Did you know that aspirin was one of the oldest natural remedies, and that it was the first pill mass marketed?The use of aspirin in one form or another goes back centuries. Every Native American tribe had a medicine man. They didn't know the molecular structures of their plant-based medicines, but they had a wealth of practical knowledge. The medicine men would use the bark of willow trees (usually in thr form of tea) to treat pain and fever. When chemists analyzed willows in the last century, they discovered "salicylic acid, the basis of the modern drug aspirin.But aspirin goes back even further in history. Ancient Egyptians took an infusion of dried myrtle leaves to treat muscle pain, while Hippocrates, the father of modern medicine, prescribed willow bark tea for the pain of childbirth. The myrtle leaves were also found to contain salicylic acid.Willow bark surfaced in Europe in 1758 when the Reverend Edward Stone of Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire, chewed a twig of white willow to ease pain and fever. He was so impressed with its effect that he wrote to the Royal Society in 1763 to alert them to its benefits.An additional source of salicylic acid was found in 1835 by the German chemist Karl Jakob Lowig. This new wonder pain killer was found in Meadowsweet (Spiraea ulmaria), a wild flowering plant that grows on riverbanks over much of Europe. Twenty years later salicylic acid was successfully being synthesized in the laboratory, enabling mass production for the first time.Nearly anyone who tried this new drug thought it an amazing discovery, but though is was effective for relieving pain and fever, it was not without side effects. Apparent to anyone who used it, salicylic acid cause severe irritation to the mouth and throat. It upset stomachs as well. For more than a few people, using the drug caused more problems that it solved! Obviously, something needed to be done.The solution was provided by 29 year old Felix Hoffmann, a pharmaceuticals graduate working at the German pharmaceutical company Bayer. The problem was personal for Hoffman, who had an arthritic father who could not tolerate salicylic acid. In I897 Hoffman invented acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) - a new formulation of salicylic acid which did not have the unpleasant side effects of its predecessor. But much to Hoffmann's surprise, his new discovery was shelved.The person in charge of Bayer's testing laboratories shelved Hoffmann's new drug for two reasons. Initial tests on ASA were not encouraging. Secondly, Bayer was far more interested in Hoffmann's other discovery, diacetylmorphine, a drug Bayer wanted to use in cough medicines.Give n the brand n ame 'Heroi n', it is now a Class A Con trolled Drug. Hoffma nn's ASA would have to wait.It was not until January 1899, after further successful tests, ASA was given its brand name, Aspirin. So where did the name aspirin come from? The 'A' stands for acetyl, the 'spir' is from Spiraea ulmaria, and the 'in' - no one knows!Aspirin was initially sold only to doctors and hospitals, but it was an instant success. It was also the first manufactured medicine to be sold as a tablet rather than a powder.The rest is history. Today many pharmaceutical companies sell forms of aspirin. Today, the world consumes over 100 billion aspirin tablets a year! Of course, we still have our individual preferences. Britons prefer their aspirin dissolved. Americans like to swallow tablets and the French prefer their pain medicine to be delivered by way of suppositories! But there are yet a few more twists to the aspirin story.In WWI, America seized Bayer's New York factory as well as the right to its patents, aspirin included. For 75 years, aspirin was manufactured by two different companies. It was not un til 1974 that Bayer in Germa ny bought back its own n ame and product in a 650 milli on deal! £One might rather humorously wonder if all those headaches were worth it!。
Unit 1 Teenage life Reading and thinking Freshman
请输入你的题目
Hi! My name is Adam and I’m a freshman at senior high school. Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge. The first week was a little confusing.
嗨!我叫亚当,是高中一年级的新生。从初中到高中真是一项巨大的挑战。 第一周有点让人困惑
请输入你的题目
First,I had to think very carefully about which courses I wanted to take. The school adviser helped me choose the suitable ones:maths,English,chemistry,world history,and Chinese. I know that Chinese is a very difficult language,but I hope to be fluent when I graduate. My adviser recommended that I should sign up for advanced literature because I like English and I’m good at it.
Unit1 Teenage Life
The Freshman Challenge
CONTENTS
复习 导入 翻译 总结 作业
复习
请输入你的题目
停止 明显 负责
挑战
翻译
请输入你的题目
Learning Objectives:
second life
Second life(第二人生)姓名:马庆敏专业:08图转学号:201001021Second Life是一个基于因特网的虚拟世界,在2006年末和2007年初由于主流新闻媒体的报道而受到广泛的关注。
通过由Linden实验室开发的一个可下载的客户端程序,用户,在游戏里叫做"居民", 可以通过可运动的虚拟化身互相交互。
这套程序还在一个通常的元宇宙的基础上提供了一个高层次的社交网络服务。
居民们可以四处逛逛,会碰到其他的居民,社交,参加个人或集体活动,制造和相互交易虚拟财产和服务。
Second Life是一个在美国非常受欢迎的网络虚拟游戏. 在游戏中,玩家可以在游戏中做许多现实生活中的事情,比如吃饭,跳舞,购物,卡拉OK,开车,旅游等等.通过各种各样的活动,全世界各地的玩家可以交互。
Second Life是一个网络游戏+社交网络+Web 2.0的组合.第二人生。
About Second Life:虚拟社区+虚拟经济体只要你愿意还可以将在这个世界中赚的钱兑换成现实世界里的美元;这里有逼真的海滩、阳光、草地,也有与真实世界一样的摩天大楼、学校、教堂、酒吧、甚至赌场等等。
而这与现实世界的唯一区别是, 在这里, 你可以飞。
Second Life在2006年12月就已经拥有了300万注册用户,并且正以每月20万名用户的速度递增,而这其中包括许多对数字新大陆充满渴望的中国“哥伦布”们。
总部设在美国加利福尼亚西部港口城市旧金山的Linden Lab公司,于2003年7月21日首发了模拟现实巨作Second Life。
它以虚拟现实技术所构建的高度拟真体验,完全颠覆了人们对互联网的想象。
这片虚拟世界让华裔女教师的“化身”钟安社建立了庞大的虚拟房地产王国,名下的资产包括36平方公里的虚拟土地、几家虚拟商铺以及其他几家虚拟公司的股份。
110万美元的现实财富让她成为最具知名度的发迹于虚拟世界的人物,被《Bussiness 2.0》称为虚拟世界的洛克菲勒。
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Step 1 New words.
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travel [‘træv(ə)l] v. n. 旅行;游历
agent [‘eɪdʒ(ə)nt] n.代理人;经纪人
expert [‘ekspɜːt] n. 专家
teenager ['tiːneɪdʒə] (13-19岁的) 青少年
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2)Unless we talk to someone, we’ll certainly feel worse.
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4)So you’re halfway to solving a problem just by talking to someone about it!
get advice from an expert. n.专家
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七年级英语下册 Module 9 Life history Unit 2 He decided t
天津市宝坻区新安镇七年级英语下册Module 9 Life history Unit 2 He decided to be an actor教案(新版)外研版编辑整理:尊敬的读者朋友们:这里是精品文档编辑中心,本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的,发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对,但是难免会有疏漏的地方,但是任然希望(天津市宝坻区新安镇七年级英语下册Module 9 Life history Unit 2 He decided to be an actor教案(新版)外研版)的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈,这将是我们进步的源泉,前进的动力。
本文可编辑可修改,如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅,最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步,以下为天津市宝坻区新安镇七年级英语下册Module 9 Life history Unit 2 He decided to be an actor教案(新版)外研版的全部内容。
Module 9 Life history Unit 2 He decided to be an actor. 一、Teaching materials:Unit 2 He decided to be an actor。
(Module 10 Life history)二、Targets for this period:To get information from the reading material about William ShakespeareTo write sentences about events in one's life三、Key points:Key vocabulary—some of, marry, at the age of, move to, join, still, become Key structures -past simple四、Teaching methods:Task—based approach and bottom—up approach五、Teaching aidsReading material, blackboard六、Teaching arrangements:Step One Lead—in (Homework)Students work in pairs to make a dialogue about when they were five years old Step Two To pronounce some new words and expressions of Unit 21.Students read the words after the tape.2.Students practice pronouncing the words by themselves.3.To help some students correct the pronunciations of some words。
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“第二人生”与英语学习项目整合近来,许多教育研究者主张利用多用户虚拟环境辅助课堂学习:“作为一种社会建构主义并基于认知教育平台,教育性多用户虚拟环境正悄然兴起”(Nelson&Ketelhut,2019:269)。
在基于多种媒介多用户虚拟环境中,“第二人生”是最受欢迎一个。
为剖析在“第二人生”虚拟学习环境中英语学习,中美两所大学教师相互合作以寻找将“第二人生”虚拟学习环境整合到中国大学英语学习中去适当方式。
本次研究以社会建构主义为理论依据,采用了基于设计研究方法,为处理及解决实际问题提供方案(Wang&Hannafin,2019)。
本次研究目是为了剖析:①将“第二人生”运用于英语学习功效;②基于“第二人生”英语学习项目对中国学生口语能力影响;③中国学生对于使用“第二人生”虚拟学习环境技术准备程度;④中国学生对于“第二人生”虚拟学习环境及其英语学习项目认识。
由于篇幅有限,本论文仅就中国学生对于使用“第二人生”虚拟学习环境技术准备程度,以及对于“第二人生”虚拟学习环境与该学习环境下英语学习项目认识进行剖析。
1 文献总结多用户虚拟环境(MUVES)作为外语以及第二语言学习工具剖析不断涌现出来(如,Cooke-Plagwitz,2019)。
这种现象产生归因于计算机辅助语言学习(cALL)及计算机中介交流(CMC)发展。
电子中介文化实践(例如新闻组、博客、在线聊天、邮件通讯以及网络账单等)以及社交网络实践(以Face-book,Myspace及Xanga为媒介)可以为语言学习者参与各种素养实践提供良好机会,通过虚拟社区中交互行为构建学习者认知(Black,2019;Lam,2000;Yi,2019)。
计算机辅助语言学习及计算机中介交流研究主要关注利用技术促进二语或者外语学习过程中读、写能力发展(Lam,2000;Shei,2019)。
然而,关于技术(尤其是多用户虚拟环境)如何影响语言学习者并提高其语言能力研究却微乎其微。
尽管多用户虚拟环境技术很有可能拓展语言教学,然而将其运用于英语教学中研究却少之又少,尤其是在将英语作为外语国家与地区,例如在中国,英语不被人们日常所使用,英语使用大多局限于教室,“语言交际情境大多是不自然,是人为制造,缺乏实际交际目与情境(陈昌义,2000:2)”。
第二语言习得研究表明,成功语言学习者学习需具备以下条件:学习者有交互与意义协商机会;学习者运用目语与真正听众交互;学习者参与真实任务;学习者置身于与被鼓励生产多样化与创造性语言环境;学习者有足够学习时间与反馈;学习者被引导用心参与学习过程;学习者在理想应力/焦虑环境中学习;自主学习支持(Egbert,2019)。
本研究选择了最大且最受欢迎多用户虚拟环境之一“第二人生”(sL)(http://seeondlife)作为研究平台。
“第二人生”,作为一种媒介,可以为教与学提供丰富环境。
就语言学习而言,学生不再是外界刺激被动“接收器”,而是主动地对外界刺激提供信息进行选择性加工主体(余胜泉,2019)。
Schon(1987)提出了“在行动中求知”(knowing_n ac―tion)及“在行动中反省”(reflection in action)学习概念。
Suchman(1987)提出了“情境行动”(situated action)观点,强调知识若脱离使用情境,则学习就变成玩抽象符号游戏。
“第二人生”可以为英语为母语者与其学习者交互提供与情境相关空间。
这使得语言学习者可以与以英语为母语者在真实、相关情境中,如办公室、商店、运动赛事、商务会议以及课堂中进行交互。
同时,“第二人生”可以提供各种形式最新在线教学资源,如视频、图像、文档、互动课程及模拟游戏等。
在“第二人生”中,学习者可以通过文本信息、音频对话以及虚拟形象(avatar)非语言手势,如,挥手及竖起大拇指等进行交流。
虚拟形象是“第二人生”使用者一个三维立体图示,使用者通过该虚拟形象与其他人进行交流。
此外,“第二人生”具有录像功能,这就使得语言学习者可以通过观看视频回顾与反思自己在交换过程中表现。
同时,该录像为教师及研究者分别从语言学角度及社交角度剖析学生表现,提供了二次机会。
在中国,越来越多学者倾向于为外语学习者剖析一个具有支持性、建构性语言学习环境。
马冲宇、侯晓舟(2019)认为,外语虚拟世界是解决中国语言环境缺乏有效方案,外语学习者可以借助它在真实、自然语言环境中习得与学习外语,大幅度提商我国外语学习者外语技能,特别是听说技能,并弥补外语学习动力不足。
研究发现,“第二人生”可以从三个方面提高交互以及社会学习:学习者与学习者之间、学习者与客体之间、客体与客体之间交互(为保护使用者隐私,“第二人生”已经取消了录像功能,但人们可以通过其他视频捕捉软件对“第二人生”里活动进行录像)。
在2019年,“第二人生”将网络电话(VOIP)引入建筑布局。
在引进网络电话之前,“第二人生”中大部分交流是通过文本进行(Au,2019)。
网络电话实现了使用者即时交流,提高了基于文本交互可信度。
同等重要是,基于文本在线交流,例如文本形式会话,显现出跟语音交流重大关系或交叠(Belcher&Hirvela,2019)。
而且,一种言语形式交流有利于另一种交流形式习得。
换言之,在“第二人生”中,二语习得者基于文本交互很有可能提高他们口语交流。
正如上述“第二人生”有诸多特征,如真实性、可信度、相关环境、网络电话以及口语与书面交流关系等。
“第二人生”为语言学习者,尤其是在现实以及离线环境中少有机会使用与练习英语学习者,提供了一个独特机会。
2 研究问题与方法本研究目是为了将“第二人生”虚拟学习平台整合到中国外语教学中寻找合适方式。
本论文旨在描述中国学生对于使用“第二人生”技术准备度、对于“第二人生”作为语言学习平台认识以及对于在“第二人生”中开展英语学习项目认识。
2.1研究问题本文研究旨在回答下面三个研究问题:(1)在使用“第二人生”作为语言学习平台时,学生技术准备程度如何?(2)中国学生对于使用“第二人生”作为语言学习平台认识如何?(3)中国学生对于“第二人生”英语学习项目认识如何?2.2 研究方法本文依据基于设计研究方法,剖析将“第二人生”整合到中国英语学习项目中相关事宜。
由于教育技术界对教学研究出版物质量偏差以及对教育实践指导不够充分等问题关注(Reeves,2000;Reeves,Herrlngton&Oliver,2019),因而产生了一种新研究方法:基于设计研究。
基于设计研究联盟(DBRC,2019)认为,基于设计研究是一种新兴研究方法,该方法以系统设计方式对教学策略及工具进行研究,以关注这些教学策略与工具在实践中实际功效。
基于设计研究拥有四个与其他研究方法不同特征:①基于设计研究并不废弃以前研究成果,而是基于那些有效理论、以教学设计为目;②整个研究过程需要“全面、系统存档”(Edelson,2019:116),以便对研究数据进行回顾性剖析与反思;③形成性评估是基于设计’研究关键要素;④基于设计研究力争将研究设计推广至其他教育实景之中。
2.3 研究内容与实验对象本次研究对象分别来自美国一所州立大学与中国东部一所省属大学。
该美国大学是美国东南部一所重要研究性大学,参与研究中国大学拥有二十余个本科院系。
研究参与者分别是20名主修“信息技术2019:信息时代电脑技术课程”美国大学本科生与61名外语专业中国大学二年级本科生(受试人群将以N表示)。
在61名受试人群中,共有20名参与者(用n表示)参与了英语学习项目,其中含7名男性(35%)与13名女性(65%)。
受试人群年龄跨度是19至23岁,平均年龄为21岁。
参与项目受试者是以自愿报名与综合测评成绩(2019年秋季学期成绩)相结合方式选定。
由于条件受限,该项研究未能采用随机抽样方式进行,而是根据学生综合测评成绩进行抽样,以保证抽样研究参与者能够最大程度代表目标人群真实情况。
此综合测评成绩主要指学生昕、说、读、写四项技能,该成绩由中国大学教师依据2019年秋季学生学期成绩评估形成。
表1为受试人群与参与者综合测评情况。
2.4学习任务与过程本次“第二人生”英语教学项目始于2009年3月24日,截止于4月26日,历时5周。
该项目为中国学生提供与美国学生实时交流机会。
每周学习任务包括:①在“第二人生”中进行一小时在线交流;②以博客形式记录交流感受;③为下次在线交流做准备。
在“第二人生”中进行学习任务包括研讨会、组间虚拟旅行、一对一在线交流、小组讨论、一对一在线访问以及个人汇报等。
按照预先制定网站提示,学生在校园内网络中心完成指定任务。
同时,有两名研究助手即时提供技术支持。
图1是学生在“第二人生”中进行不同任务时情景截图。
表2概括了中国学生每周英语学习任务。
2.5数据收集与剖析本研究采用了定性与定量相结合研究方法。
收集数据包括:①实验前后调查问卷;②采访;③文献回顾,如博客等。
实验前问卷主要关注中国学生对于使用“第二人生”技术准备程度,而实验后问卷主要关注中国学生对于“第二人生”学习平台认识以及学生对“第二人生”英语学习项目认识。
采访分别在实验前期、中期以及后期进行了三次。
每次采访分为5至7人个别采访与一组3至4人小组采访。
采访形式为半结构式面对面采访。
所有采访内容均以中文进行,以确保中国学生能够全面准确地表达自身感受。
一对一采访平均时间约为13分钟,小组采访平均时间约为15分钟。
研究者对所有采访进行了录音并将录制采访内容转换成文本以便于剖析。
用三角测定剖析结果,本研究团队同时剖析了受试者每周发表博客,该搏客分别由中美研究人员进行分类、编码并加以剖析。
3 结果剖析现结合上述研究问题,论述本次实验研究发现,并着重描述中国学生中使用“第二人生”语言学习平台技术准备程度,对“第二人生”作为英语学习平台认识与对“第二人生”英语学习项目认识。
3.1使用“第二人生”技术准备程度实验前以问卷形式调查了中国学生对于使用“第二人生”虚拟平台技术准备程度问题。
该问卷根据里克特5级量表(其中1代表非常不同意,5代表非常同意)设计了20个题目,分属于3个类别:①计算机操作;②网络活动;③数字技术。
在前期问卷调查中,关于计算机操作问题包括:我知道如何在电脑上打开一份本地文件及当电脑感染病毒时,我知道如何运行杀毒软件进行查杀等。
关于网络活动问题包括3方面信息:关于某一网络课程网上讨论、网络游戏以及在线购物。
关于数字技术问题包括:手机、数码相机以及摄像机使用等。
前期问卷调查先于英语学习项目进行,在下发61份问卷中,回收了有效问卷57份,并对其进行了相关数据剖析。
表3汇总了前期问卷调查结果。
表3表明中国学生可以进行计算机操作并都有过使用手机、数码相机及录像机经历。