introduction 2015.9.21
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(Para. 1) While in the 1950’s,
1960’s and 1970’s, the view of ‘English as a global language’ was a vague notion…
Introductions
Move 2: Establishing a niche (Para. 2) …Hence in the context of globalisation and the official popularization of English in China , an investigation into how Chinese learners of English and teaching practitioners view English seems to be of utmost importance. …..
Suggestions to evaluating texts
Questions to ask: Is the material I read about a fact or just an opinion? Is the fact true? Do I agree with the opinion? Can the writer be trusted?
purpose of an introduction
Rationale/ reason/ motivation for the research Investigation needed Aims & objectives Research questions hypothesis Research method Structure of the dissertation
Introductions
Move 3: Occupying the niche (Para. 3) This paper is an attempt to investigate the language beliefs, both in general terms and with regards to English , among the Chinese learners and teachers of English. It attempts to provide answers to the following questions….
introductions
What other tense (s) might you expect to see in academic writing?
May, might
Indicating that there’s no absolute certainty Indicate what you are expecting to do
Move 1: Establishing a research territory Move 2: Establishing a niche Move 3: Occupying the niche
wk.baidu.com
Introductions
Move 1: Establishing a research territory
contractions phrases that sound like speech subjective descriptions
Academic style ---formal style
Use the first person "I" only where appropriate e.g. The author thinks that… It can be argued that… Use plain language clear and accurate expression of ideas; shorter sentences No: jargon or confusing language; long complex sentences
Academic Writing
Writing introduction
Review: process of writing a dissertation
Choosing a topic (research field) Collecting related information and classify them Composing a thesis statement Organizing an outline Writing the first draft Proof reading Final copy
Future
Practice: write an introduction to the following title
Higher Education should be available to everyone a. Which terms in the title might need a definition? b. What background information could be given? c. How can the current relevance of this topic be showed? d. How to limit the discussion: geographically, historically, or both? e. How to organize the main body of the essay?
Writing Introduction
What is the purpose of an introduction?
What different parts might an introduction have ?
What is the purpose of writing an introduction?
Introductions –Language
Simple past Previous research findings and methods Present perfect Describe changes that are still occurring or that still have an effect now
Practice: fact or opinion?
Opinion or fact? e.g. The Fact USA has the biggest economy in the world. Agree of disagree? True or false? true
Opinion Agree of True or or fact? disagree? false? Li Bai is a great poet. Lu Xun wrote critical articles. Smoking can be dangerous. Smoking should be banned on campus. 90% of rural people cannot read. Poor education causes serious crime in China.
To define some of the terms in the title? To give your opinion of the subject? To show that you have done some readings on related materials? To show that the subject is worth writing about? To explain which areas of the subject you will deal with? To get the readers’ attention with a provocative idea? To show how you are going to organize your essay?
Tips: Academic style ---formal style
Avoid
clichés Like one coin has two sides, this argument… don't, aren't, it's Do not, are not, it is… well, this bit is really fascinating this beautiful sculpture
Relevance Discussion points
Examples of elements in introduction
Defining and clarifying key word(s) title: The impact of privatization on the British Economy Introduction: … Privatization is the process of transferring certain industries from the state-control to the private sector, which began in Britain in 1981 with British Telecom…
Introductions
Move 1 Establishing a research territory a. By showing that the general research area is important, problematic or relevant in someway (optional) b. By introducing and reviewing items of previous research in the area (obligatory)
example
English as a “global language” in China: an investigation into learners’ and teachers’ beliefs
Lin Pan, David Block
Read the introduction and organize it into parts.
Suggested information
definition Background Higher education = university education Increasing demand for HE worldwide puts pressure on national budgets; many universities seek to shift costs to students Degree-good job and opportunities Decimates against poorer families Fair for taxpayer to support students? how to keep HE open to all able students?
Introductions
Move 2 Establishing a niche a. By indicating a gap in the previous research, or by extending previous knowledge in someway (obligatory) b. By showing
Introductions
Move 3: Occupying the niche a. By outlining the purposes or stating the nature of the present research (obligatory) b. By listing research questions and hypotheses* c. By indicating structure*
Introductions
Language The first part of the introduction is mainly written in a different tense to the second half What are the tenses and why is there change?
1960’s and 1970’s, the view of ‘English as a global language’ was a vague notion…
Introductions
Move 2: Establishing a niche (Para. 2) …Hence in the context of globalisation and the official popularization of English in China , an investigation into how Chinese learners of English and teaching practitioners view English seems to be of utmost importance. …..
Suggestions to evaluating texts
Questions to ask: Is the material I read about a fact or just an opinion? Is the fact true? Do I agree with the opinion? Can the writer be trusted?
purpose of an introduction
Rationale/ reason/ motivation for the research Investigation needed Aims & objectives Research questions hypothesis Research method Structure of the dissertation
Introductions
Move 3: Occupying the niche (Para. 3) This paper is an attempt to investigate the language beliefs, both in general terms and with regards to English , among the Chinese learners and teachers of English. It attempts to provide answers to the following questions….
introductions
What other tense (s) might you expect to see in academic writing?
May, might
Indicating that there’s no absolute certainty Indicate what you are expecting to do
Move 1: Establishing a research territory Move 2: Establishing a niche Move 3: Occupying the niche
wk.baidu.com
Introductions
Move 1: Establishing a research territory
contractions phrases that sound like speech subjective descriptions
Academic style ---formal style
Use the first person "I" only where appropriate e.g. The author thinks that… It can be argued that… Use plain language clear and accurate expression of ideas; shorter sentences No: jargon or confusing language; long complex sentences
Academic Writing
Writing introduction
Review: process of writing a dissertation
Choosing a topic (research field) Collecting related information and classify them Composing a thesis statement Organizing an outline Writing the first draft Proof reading Final copy
Future
Practice: write an introduction to the following title
Higher Education should be available to everyone a. Which terms in the title might need a definition? b. What background information could be given? c. How can the current relevance of this topic be showed? d. How to limit the discussion: geographically, historically, or both? e. How to organize the main body of the essay?
Writing Introduction
What is the purpose of an introduction?
What different parts might an introduction have ?
What is the purpose of writing an introduction?
Introductions –Language
Simple past Previous research findings and methods Present perfect Describe changes that are still occurring or that still have an effect now
Practice: fact or opinion?
Opinion or fact? e.g. The Fact USA has the biggest economy in the world. Agree of disagree? True or false? true
Opinion Agree of True or or fact? disagree? false? Li Bai is a great poet. Lu Xun wrote critical articles. Smoking can be dangerous. Smoking should be banned on campus. 90% of rural people cannot read. Poor education causes serious crime in China.
To define some of the terms in the title? To give your opinion of the subject? To show that you have done some readings on related materials? To show that the subject is worth writing about? To explain which areas of the subject you will deal with? To get the readers’ attention with a provocative idea? To show how you are going to organize your essay?
Tips: Academic style ---formal style
Avoid
clichés Like one coin has two sides, this argument… don't, aren't, it's Do not, are not, it is… well, this bit is really fascinating this beautiful sculpture
Relevance Discussion points
Examples of elements in introduction
Defining and clarifying key word(s) title: The impact of privatization on the British Economy Introduction: … Privatization is the process of transferring certain industries from the state-control to the private sector, which began in Britain in 1981 with British Telecom…
Introductions
Move 1 Establishing a research territory a. By showing that the general research area is important, problematic or relevant in someway (optional) b. By introducing and reviewing items of previous research in the area (obligatory)
example
English as a “global language” in China: an investigation into learners’ and teachers’ beliefs
Lin Pan, David Block
Read the introduction and organize it into parts.
Suggested information
definition Background Higher education = university education Increasing demand for HE worldwide puts pressure on national budgets; many universities seek to shift costs to students Degree-good job and opportunities Decimates against poorer families Fair for taxpayer to support students? how to keep HE open to all able students?
Introductions
Move 2 Establishing a niche a. By indicating a gap in the previous research, or by extending previous knowledge in someway (obligatory) b. By showing
Introductions
Move 3: Occupying the niche a. By outlining the purposes or stating the nature of the present research (obligatory) b. By listing research questions and hypotheses* c. By indicating structure*
Introductions
Language The first part of the introduction is mainly written in a different tense to the second half What are the tenses and why is there change?