Analysis on the British party system - 英国政党制度研究(英语)
英国政党的特点
The British political party characteristic英国政党的特点The British two-party system and cabinet system combination, has the following characteristics:①the cabinet consists of the house of Commons election the party gain a majority of seats. The leader of the majority party as prime minister by the house of commons. The cabinet and ministers to the party responsible for, such as losing the trust, the cabinet resigned en masse; or the prime minister draws the king dissolved Parliament, new elections, the composition of the new party cabinet.④the largest opposition party can establish a shadow cabinet. British history ever also had appeared by both parties or three party coalition cabinet, mainly in the special circumstances of war occurred under.英国两党制与内阁制相结合，具有以下特点：①内阁由下院大选中获得多数席位的政党单独组成。
②由下院多数党领袖担任首相。
③一党内阁和阁员只对下院负责，如失去下院信任，内阁全体辞职；或者首相提请国王解散议会，重新大选，组成新的一党内阁。
英语国家概况
2-4british cabinet works on the principle of collective responsibility英国内阁的原则的集体责任the main duty of the british privy council is to give advice英国枢密院的主要职责是提供意见in british the parliamentary general election is held every five years在英国的议会大选每五年举行一次scotland has a distinct legal system based on roman law苏格兰有不同的法律制度的基础上罗马法generally speaking the british parliament operates on a two party system一般来说，英国议会上的两个政党制度the policies of the conservative party are characterized by pragmatism and a belief in individualism保守党的政策的特点是实用主义和个人主义的信仰the labor party affected the british society greatly in that it set up the national health service劳动党影响了英国社会的大大的，因为它建立了国家卫生服务Chapter5the british government has been responsible for education since the early 1800s 自19世纪初以来，英国政府一直负责教育feducation in britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 15在英国的教育是强制性的6至15岁之间的所有儿童fthe national curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and the independent system国家课程是强制性的国家制度和独立董事制度fwhen children finish their schooling at 16 ,they are required to take national gcse examination当孩子完成学业，他们必须在16到民族GCSE考试tgraduates from state schools in britain have a less favorable chance to enter famous universities than those from independent schools在英国公立学校的毕业生有一个不太有利的机会进入名牌大学比独立学校tin the 1960s a large number of new universities were founded in britain在20世纪60年代，大量的新的大学成立于英国tmost british people begin their day with reading the morning newspaper and end it watching television in the evening大多数英国人开始新的一天早上阅读报纸，并最终在晚上看电视tthe times is the world's oldest national newspaper时间是世界上历史最悠久的全国性报纸fthe bbc world service broadcasts only in english throughout the world英国广播公司世界服务仅在英语世界各地的广播fsome british holidays are celebrated to mark the important events of the christian calendar ,and others are related to local customs and traditions英国一些节日的庆祝，以纪念基督教日历中的重要事件，以及其他相关的当地的习俗和传统tin britain the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the 1960s在20世纪60年代在英国文法学校和职业学校之间的分工，通过引入综合学校结束about 6% of british children receive primary and secondary education through the independent system约6％的英国儿童接受小学和中学教育，通过独立的系统partially funded by central government grants ,the british universities receive their remaining funds from all the following sources by tuition fees ,donations and corporate contributions部分资金由中央政府拨款，英国的大学接受他们的剩余资金从以下来源的学费，捐款和企业捐款A级成绩，学校参考，面试，是英国大学入学必须的，不需要在全国普通高考测试结果to be admitted to the open university one need no education qualifications开放大学不需要学历three big newspapersthe timesthe guardianthe daily telegraph三大报纸时代守护者据“每日电讯报”life on earth is a kind of documentary program produced by the bbc and is popular among 500 million viewers worldwide地球上的生命是一种由BBC制作的纪录片节目，深受全球500万观众sky tv is britain top pay television provider天空电视台是英国最大的收费电视提供a common feature of all the british holidaysfamilies getting togetherfriends exchanging good wishesfriends enjoying each other's company一个共同的特点，所有的英国假期家庭走到一起朋友们交流的良好祝愿朋友享受彼此的陪伴christmas traditionsqueen's christmas messageboxing daychristmas pantomime圣诞节的传统女王的圣诞贺词节礼日圣诞哑剧Chapter6the canterbury tales is a representative work of the old english period坎特伯雷故事集”是古英语时期的代表作frenaissance is characterized by admiration of the greek and latin classic文艺复兴时期的特点是钦佩的希腊和拉丁经典fHamlet depicts the hero's struggle with two opposing forces :moral integrity and the need to avenge his father's murder哈姆雷特”描绘了主人公的斗争，两股力量：道德操守和需要，以报复他的父亲的谋杀talexander pope was a great english poet who also translated homer's iliad教皇亚历山大是一个伟大的英国诗人，翻译荷马的伊利亚特tjonathan swift is probably the foremost prose satirist in the english language and robinson crusoe is his masterpiece乔纳森·斯威夫特可能是最重要的散文讽刺作家在英语语言和鲁滨逊漂流记“是他的代表作fwilliam wordsworth and samuel taylor coleridge brought the r omantic movement to its height华兹华斯和塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治带来了浪漫的运动，它的高度flord byron distinguished himself by the musical quality of hie short poems such as ode to the west wind拜伦勋爵区别了自己的音乐质量缺血缺氧性脑病的短诗，如颂歌的西风fjane austen was a well-known novelist of the stream of consciousness school简·奥斯丁是一个著名的小说家流的意识学校fjoseph conrad is classified as a forerunner of modernism ,which prevailed before world war two 约瑟夫·康拉德被列为现代主义的先驱，战胜前世界战争2 tv s naipaul detailed in his works the dual problems of the third world the oppression of colonialism and the chaos of postcolonialism奈保尔在他的作品中详述的双重问题，第三世界的压迫的殖民主义和后殖民主义的混乱the most significant achievement of the english renaissance is drama英国文艺复兴的最显着的成就是戏剧'preface to lyrical ballads' is viewed as romantic poetry's declaration of indepen dence“前言的抒情民谣”被视为浪漫主义诗歌的独立宣言of dickens' novels, david copperfield is considered autobiographical狄更斯小说中，大卫·科波菲尔的自传thomas hardy is a representative of english critical realism at the turn of the 19th century托马斯•哈代是19世纪之交的英国批判现实主义的代表of the following statementsit prevailed at the end of the 19th centurythe writers were dissatisfied with the social realitytreasure island was a representative workneo-romanticism下面的语句它盛行于19世纪的结束作家与社会现实不满宝岛的代表之作新浪漫主义modernist groupvirginia woolfwilliam butler yeatst s eliot现代派组弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫威廉·巴特勒·叶芝T S艾略特oscar wild 奥斯卡野 Fthomas hardyjude the obscuretess of the d'urbervillesthe return of the native托马斯•哈代作品“无名的裘德”德伯家的苔丝“还乡adam bede亚当·比德 fa nobel prize winnersamuel beckettwilliam goldingv s naipaul诺贝尔奖得主塞缪尔·贝克特威廉·戈尔丁V S奈保尔waiting for godot is written by samuel beckett塞缪尔·贝克特“等待戈多”写的是判断题the republic of ireland occupies the entire area of the island of ireland爱尔兰共和国占据了整个爱尔兰岛的面积fthe earliest inhabitants in ireland were celtic tribes from europe从欧洲最早的居民在爱尔兰的凯尔特部落fin the 1800s ,ireland gained in prosperity because it became a part of britain在1800年，爱尔兰获得的繁荣，因为它成为英国的一部分，fin the 1930s ireland was not indeed a republic but belonged to the commonwealth of nations在20世纪30年代，爱尔兰的确不是一个共和国，但属于英联邦国家tto support the government's neutrality in world war two ,there was no irishman participating in the war支持政府的中立地位在第二次世界大战中，在战争中的爱尔兰没有人参与fwith the help of britain, ireland entered the eec in 1973 without difficulties在英国的帮助下，爱尔兰于1973年进入欧洲经济共同体没有困难fin 1949 britain recognized the independence of the irish republic and returned the six northern counties在1949年，英国承认独立的爱尔兰共和国，并返还北六县fin ireland ,both the house of representatives and the senate have the power of m aking laws在爱尔兰，众议院和参议院有制定法律的权力fenglish is the only official language in ireland because the majority of people speak it as their mother tongue英语是唯一的官方语言，因为在爱尔兰的大多数人英语作为他们的母语f catholicism in ireland is more than a mere matter of private faith在爱尔兰天主教不是一个单纯的私人信仰的问题t选择题celtic tribes established a unified irish culture and language in the 6th century bc凯尔特部落在公元前6世纪建立了一个统一的爱尔兰文化和语言the anglo-irish treaty resulted in the irish civil warAnglo爱尔兰条约导致爱尔兰内战by 1980,the following except budget deficit were all serious problems in the irish society inflationunemploymentforeign debt到1980年，以下情况（除外预算赤字严重）的问题，在爱尔兰社会通货膨胀失业外债mary robinson was the first irish minister to visit queen elizabeth 2玛丽·罗宾逊是爱尔兰第一部长访问伊丽莎白女王2世in ireland, the head of state is the president在爱尔兰，国家元首是总统fianna fail i s the largest party in ireland since 1932 and has been in power for most of the time in the party's history共和党的失败是最大的政党在爱尔兰自1932年以来，已在在党的历史上的大部分时间执政emigration in ireland started as early as in the medieval period早在中世纪时期移民开始在爱尔兰ireland now has a knowledge-based economy爱尔兰现在有一个以知识为基础的经济ireland is called the celtic tiger because of its rapid economic growth爱尔兰被称为“凯尔特之虎”，因为其快速的经济增长Chapter8the eastern highlands formed by the appalachians hold one third of the country's continental territory由阿巴拉契亚山脉的东部高地持有该国的大陆领土的三分之一fthe climate in the united states can be classified as temperature with some mild subtropical and tropical zones在美国的气候可以划分为一些温和的亚热带和热带地区的温度talmost through the middle of the united states north to south runs a well known 50-centimeter rainfall line美国北到南几乎通过中间运行一个众所周知的50厘米的降雨线tnew york is the commercial and financial center of the united states and it is composed of five boroughs including manhattan ,brooklyn ,the bronx, staten island and queens纽约是美国的商业和金融中心，它是由五个区组成，包括曼哈顿，布鲁克林，布朗克斯区，斯塔滕岛和皇后区的tsan francisco is the second largest city after new york and the world famous hollywood and disneyland are located here旧金山是第二大城市，仅次于纽约和世界著名的好莱坞和迪斯尼乐园都坐落在这里 fhalf of the usa population lives in the western metropolitan centers一半的美国人口生活在西部的大都市中心 fthe blacks brought from africa to america usually worked on plantations or farms in the north从非洲到美国的黑人，通常在北方的种植园或农场工作 fduring the 1830s and 1840s ,many northern europeans and irish immigr ants came to america在19世纪30年代和19世纪40年代，许多北欧和爱尔兰移民来到美国，talmost half of the immigrants coming to the united states in the 1980s were asians几乎有一半的移民来美国在20世纪80年代是亚洲人tbasic american cultural values are freedom equality and desire to work hard for a higher standard of living美国社会文化基本价值观是自由，平等和努力，为更高标准的生活的愿望t选择题the united states have 48 states on the continent美国有48个州在大陆the state of alaska is the largest in area of all the states在阿拉斯加州的区域的是国家所有的区域最大的the usa lies in central north america ,with canada to the north, mexico to the south, the atlantic to its east and the pacific to west美国位于北美中部，北与加拿大，墨西哥南部，大西洋到它的东部和太平洋西部the largest river in the usa is the mississippi river在美国最大的河流是密西西比河some of the world famous universities like harvard yale and mit are located in new england一些世界著名的大学，如哈佛大学耶鲁大学和麻省理工学院都坐落在新英格兰niagara falls is located on the us-canadian border between lake erie and lake ontario尼亚加拉大瀑布位于美国和加拿大之间的边界伊利湖和安大略湖the largest minority in the united states is the blacks在美国最大的少数民族是黑人the immigrants act of 1924 restricted the further immigration into the united states ,particularly from europe1924年的移民法进一步限制进入美国的移民，特别是来自欧洲the characteristic of dominant american culture is english-speaking ,westerneuropean ,protestant and middle-class美国主流文化的特点是讲英语，西欧，新教和中产阶层Chapter9判断america was named after amerigo vespucci, who arrived on the new continent after columbus美国被命名后，到达新的大陆在哥伦布之后的韦斯普奇tthe second continental congress was held in philadelphia ,and the continental army and navy were founded under the command of thomas jefferson第二届大陆会议在费城召开的成立，和大陆的陆军和海军的指挥下，托马斯·杰斐逊 fthe civil war not only put an end to slavery but also decided that america was a single indivisible nation内战不仅杜绝了奴隶制，但还决定，美国是一个不可分割的国家tmany american people approved of the vietnam war许多越南战争的美国人民批准 fduring clinton's term the economy developed steadily resulting in a lower rate of unemployment在克林顿任期内经济稳步发展，导致在一个较低的失业率tin 1990 american troops and the troops from allied nations launched operation desert storm in order to drive iraqi troops out of kuwait在1990年美国军队和盟国的部队发动“沙漠风暴”行动，以推动伊拉克军队赶出科威特taccording to the american administration, saddam hussein and osama bin laden were responsible for the terrorist event on september 11,2011根据美国政府，萨达姆·侯赛因与乌萨马·本·拉丹的恐怖事件负责，九月11,2011Fthe american government regarded iraq a nation among 'the axis of evil'美国政府把伊拉克的国家之间的“邪恶轴心”ton march 19,2003,american and united nation's troops supported by several other countries began an invasion of iraq月19,2003，美国和其他几个国家支持联合国的部队开始了对伊拉克的入侵 falthough the combat operations in iraq are over, it is still hard for america to decide when to withdraw its army虽然在伊拉克的作战行动已经结束，它仍然是美国很难决定何时撤出t选择题the first successful english colony in north america was founded at jamestown in virginia第一次成功的英国殖民地在北美成立于在弗吉尼亚州的詹姆斯敦pilgrim fathers are a group of puritans, who came to america to avoid persecution in england 朝圣者的父亲是一组清教徒来到美国，在英国，以避免迫害the seven years war occurred between the french and british七年战争，法国和英国之间发生'no taxation without representation 'was the rallying slogan of the people of the 13 colonies“无代表不征税”的13个殖民地的人民的凝聚力口号the first shots of the american war of independence were fired in lexington美国独立战争在列克星敦的第一炮in may 1775,the second continental congress was held in philadelphia and beganto assume the functions of a national government在1775年5月，第二届大陆会议在费城召开，并开始一个国家的政府承担的职能abraham lincoln issued emancipation proclamation to grant freedom to all slaves亚伯拉罕·林肯颁布“解放宣言”给予自由向所有从站the policy of the united states was neutrality at the beginning of the two world wars在两次世界大战的开始，美国的政策是中立president roosevelt applied new deal to deal with the problems of the great depression美国总统罗斯福实行了新的协议，解决大萧条的问题the vietnam war was a long-time suffering for americans ,and it continues throughout the terms of presidents eisenhower, kennedy and johnson越南战争对美国人来说，是一个长期的痛苦，并继续在整个总统艾森豪威尔，肯尼迪和约翰逊。
英美国家概况
The Party System in Parliament
Leaders of the Government and Opposition sit on the front benches on either side of the Commons chamber with their supporters - the backbenchers - sitting behind them. Similar arrangements for the parties also apply to the House of Lords; however, Lords who do not wish to be associated with any political party may sit on the 'cross benches'.
The parliament is bicameral, with an upper house, the House of Lords, and a lower house, the House of Commons.
The Queen is the third component of Parliament.
Cabinet A body of persons appointed by a head of state or a prime minister to head the executive departments of the government and to act as official advisers.
Palace of Westminster
The two Houses meet in separate chambers in the Palace of Westminster (commonly known as the "Houses of Parliament"), in the City of Westminster in London. By constitutional convention, all government ministers, including the Prime Minister, are members of the House of Commons or, less often, the House of Lords, and are thereby accountable to the respective branches of the legislature.
综合英语Unit1
2.What do you know of Winston Churchill’s accomplishments during WWII?
World War II (From Wikipedia) World War II, or the Second World War (often abbreviated WWII or WW2), was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including all of the great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances [ə'laiəns] 同盟: the Allies同盟国and the Axis轴心国. The war involved the mobilization（enlistment） of over 100 million military personnel, making it the most widespread war in history. In a state of “total war”, the major participants placed their complete economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities at the service of the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Over seventy million people, the majority of whom were civilians, were killed, making it the deadliest conflict in human history.
英语专业英美文学论文题目大全
论《雾都孤儿》的幽默艺术Tom Jones, a Dissipated but Kindhearted Man放荡而又善良的汤姆琼斯The Free Will and Rebellious Spirit in Paradise Lost《失乐园》中的自由意志和反叛精神On the Development of Shylock’s Character论夏洛克的性格发展Morality and Criticism in Tom Jones评《汤姆•琼斯》中的道德观与批评观On Imogen，the New Feminine Image in Cymbeline论《辛白林》中伊慕琴的新女性形象Burns’View on Love and Friendship论彭斯的爱情友谊观The Reflection of Art and Life in Ode on a Grecian Urn and Ode on a Nightingale《希腊古瓮颂》与《夜莺颂》中艺术与生活的对照The Womanism in "The Color Purple"On the Differences between Chinese and Westerners in Non-language Communication谈中国人和英美人非语言交际的差异On the Contribution of the American Blacks during American Civil War美国黑人在美国历史上的贡献On American Black English浅谈美国黑人英语On the Differences of the Marriage Concept between Chinese and American浅谈中美婚姻观念的差异A Contrastive Analysis of Table Manners and Culture between China and Western Countries On the Ideological Content in Bacon’s Essays论培根散文的思想性Women's Movement in 1960s in American美国六十年代的妇女运动Analysis the negative effects of violent television and movie on children浅析影视暴力对青少年儿童的负面影响The Influence of Chinese Cultural Circumstances on English Learning汉语环境对英语学习的影响A Comprehension of Male Centrad Literature through A Doll’s House黑色的坚毅——小说《飘》主人公的性格分析Black Determination——An Analysis of the Personalities of the Main Character in Gone with the Wind从浪漫走向世俗的新型女性——《理智与情感》中玛丽安的性格分析人性的扭曲信任的危机--重读《奥》剧杂感Random Thoughts on Othello爱情叙写与人性魅力--论《红与黑》中两位女主角Love Account and Human Fascination-- On the Two Heroines in "The Red and the Black"风暴之女--艾米莉·勃朗特--评析作家经历和性格对作品的影响《荒野的呼唤》中"巴克"的多重性格分析Analysis of the Complicated Nature of Buck in ″The Call of the Wild″《呼啸山庄》中希斯克利夫扭曲性格分析《裸者与死者》中的受虐性格分析Analysis of the Masochistic Character Portrayed in The Naked and the Dead压抑与扭曲的灵魂——霍桑《红字》主人公人物性格分析The Constrained and Distorted Soul ——the Analysis of the Protagonists Disposition of "The Scarlet Letter"财经类院校英语专业"体验英美文学"教学模式探究On the Teaching Strategy of Experiencing British and American Literature英美文学虚拟教学课堂的架构设计The Architecture Designing of Virtual Classroom of British and American Literature高校英语专业英美文学课程的现代教学思路增强英美文学意识促进英语语言教学当代英美文学的存在主义解读Interpreting Contemporary British and American Literature From the Angle of Existentialism奈保尔的旁观者写作视角与象征写作手法Onlooker's Perspective and Symbolism ofV.S .Naipaul's Writing福克纳小说中象征隐喻手法微探On the Skill of Symbolic Metaphor in Faulkner' Novels詹姆斯·乔伊斯作品中象征主义手法的运用有组织的混乱,制度化了的疯狂——透视《第二十二条军规》的写作手法Organized disorder and the systemized chaotic society试析《这里的黎明静悄悄》小说的写作手法中国象征派诗歌与西方象征主义之关系浅探Relation between Chinese Symbolic Poetry and the Western Symbolism战争的棋子——茨威格笔下受战争戕害的人物分析The Chess of the War——The Analysis of the Victim in the War from Zweig沉重的背叛——《生命中不能承受之轻》主人公萨宾娜人物分析The oppressive betrayal——The character analysis of the heroine, Sabina, in The Unbearable Lightness of Being Hester and Dimmesdale’s Attitudes towards Love and life in The Scarlet Letter论《红字》中海斯特和丁梅斯代尔对爱情、罪恶、生活的态度On Sister Carrie’s Criticism upon American SocietyOn Scarlett’s Attitude towards Life关于斯佳丽的生活观On the Characterization of Picaresque Huck论哈克的流浪汉形象On the Moral Spirit in the Great Gatsby.论《了不起的盖茨比》中的道德观Thomas Hardy’s Pessimism in Tess of the D’urbervellesA Study of Tom Joad in the Grapes of Wrath《愤怒的葡萄》的中汤姆•约德研究Mark Twain’s Linguistic Style in The Adventures of Tom SawyerOn the Characteristics of Uncle Tom汤姆叔叔的性格分析A Study of the Themes in a Farewell to ArmsThe Tragic Fate of “a Pure Woman”in the Conflict of the Individual and the Society“一个纯洁女人”在人与社会发展冲突中的悲剧命运On the Language Style of a Midsummer-Night's Dream论《仲夏夜之梦》的语言风格The Social Significance of Swift's Gulliver's TravelsThe Psychological Analysis in Macbeth论莎士比亚《麦克白》的心理刻画Inflexible Ada in Cold Mountain《冷山》中执著的艾达On the Romanticism and Realism of Alice in Wonderland论爱丽丝梦游仙境的童话性与现实性On the Tragicomedy of Rebecca in Vanity Fair论《名利场》中利蓓加的悲喜一生On the Humour of Oliver Twist英美文学论文题目1. A Study of The Gift of Magi2. A Brief Comment on An American Tragedy3.On Motif of The Call of the World4.Love Tragedy and War—An Analysis of A Farewell to Arms5. A Study of Sister Carrie6.The Evil of Mankind Portrayed in Moby Dick7.On Henry Heming in The Red Badge of Courage8.Emily Dickinson and her Poems9.Analysis of A Rose of Emily10.Analysis of the theme of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn11.On the symbolism of The Old Men and the Sea12.The Language of Shakespeare’s Sonnets13.Deep Love And Deep Hatred—A Brief Analysis of Wuthering Heights14.Psychological Descriptions In Hemingway’s The Snows Of Kilimajaro15.On Ernest Hemingway And His Novel The Sun Also Rises16.The Literature Characteristics in A Tale of Two Cities17.On the Symbolism of D.H. Lawrence’s The Rainbow18.Love and Loss in Alfred, Lord Tennyson’s Poetry19.How Emily Dickinson’s Lyrics Resemble Hymn20.The Humor of Robert Frost21.Folk Elements in the Poetry of Langston Hughes22.John Keats’s Sensuous Imagery23.The Vocabulary of Music in Poems of Wallace Stevens24.Non-free Verse: Patterns of Sound in three Poems of William Carlos Williamsngston Hughes, Gwendolyn Brooks, and Dudley Randall as Prophets of Social Chang26.What It Is to Be a Woman: The Special Knowledge of Sylvia Plath,Anne Sexton, andAdrienne Rich27.Popular Culture as Reflected in the Poetry of Wendy Cope, Michael B. Stillman, Gene Fehler,and Charles Martin28.The Complex Relations Between Fathers and Sons in the Poetry of Robert Hayden, AndrewHudgins, and Robert Philips29.Making up New Words for New Meanings: Neologisms in Lewis Carroli and Kay Ryan30. A Brief Analysis of the Heroine Personality in Jane Eyre 《简爱》的主人翁个性分析31. A Brief Comment on O’Henry Short Stories 亨利的短篇小说述评32. A Comment on Hardy’s Fatalism 评哈代的宿命论33. A Comparison between the Themes of Pilgrimage to the West and Pilgrim’s Progress 《西游记》与《天路历程》主题的比较34. A Probe into the Feminist Idea of Jane Eyre 《简爱》男女平等思想的探索35. A Study of Native American Literature 美国本土文学的研究36. About the Breaking of American Dream from the Great Gatsby 从《了不起的盖茨比》看美国梦的破碎37. Humor and Satire in Pride and Prejudice 《傲慢与偏见》的幽默与讽刺38.Influence of Mark Twain’s Works in China 马克吐温的作品在中国的影响39.Love Tragedy and War—An Analysis of A Farewell to Arms40.Sister Carrie and Jennie Gerhardt41.The Evil of Mankind Portayed in Moby Dick42.On Henry Heming in The Red Badge of Courage43.Emily Dickingson and her Poems44.Analy sis of “A Rose of Emily”45.The Aesthetic Interpretation of Ezra Pound's Poetry46.Symbolism in The Great Gatsby47.an Analysis of the theme of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn48.On the symbolism of The Old Men and the Sea49.Cultural Shocks in the English Language Textbooks50.Deep Love And Deep Hate—A Brief Analysis On Wuthering Heights51.Psychological Descriptions In Hemingway’s The Snows Of Kilimajaro52.On Ernest Hemingway And His Novel The Sun Also Rises53.Difference Between China And The West Reflected In Social Manners54.First Love, Lost Love in George Eliot’s Adam Bede55.鸟的赞歌--------评英国浪漫派诗歌56.《呼啸山庄》的悲剧分析57.海明威英汉形象和冰山风格58.《名利场》的现实意义59.苔丝的形象分析60.哈姆雷特的犹豫再探讨61.爱伦坡小说的艺术创作成就62.爱伦坡小说人物塑造63.O Neill剧作对美国戏剧的影响64.华兹华斯的语言风格65.华兹华斯的自然观66.诗人哈代67.简述哈代的悲剧性叙事艺术On Hardy's tragedy narrative art68.奥斯丁与勃朗特写作风格异同The comparison between Austen and Bronte in writing style69.杰克·伦敦(或某作家)《》(某作品)评述On Farewell to Arms of Hemingway70.浅析《失乐园》中撒旦的形象塑造71.《还乡》的悲剧艺术特色72.蓓基形象再解读73.蘩漪与伯莎梅森的比较研究74.爱玛形象的魅力75.海明威研究——浅析海明威笔下的女硬汉子76.《苔丝》的悲剧性与现代性Tragedy and Modernity in Tess of D’Urbervilles77.华兹华斯诗歌的和谐观On the View of Harmony in Wordsworth’s Poetry78.海明威小说的悲剧意识79.从《老人与海》看海明威的创作特点80.《红色英勇勋章》的叙述技巧分析81.论《白鲸》的象征含义82.论吴尔夫的《1间自己的房间》中的女权主义83.论简。
英美概况-英国政体
Literature of the Revolution Period
the Puritans two types of writers
two antagonistic(敌对的)camps:
the Royalists the Puritan type the Cavalier type
English literature of the Revolution and restoration period was very much concerned with the tremendous social upheavals of the time.
Important Points
• • • • • 1. Three kinds of poets. Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人), Cavalier poet(保皇派诗人), the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人). 2. Literary term: Metaphysical poetry (玄学派诗歌)
• The Civil Wars • James I (1603-1625) and the Parliament • Charles I (1625-1649) • Cromwell as Lord Protector • The new Parliament ——导火索
The English Civil War
The Civil Wars
The Civil Wars C. There were two sides to the argument: people who
supported the king (royalists) and people who supported the Parliament’s power (parliamentarians). D.The fundamental reason was the conflict between the economic interests of the urban middle classes represented by the Parliament and the feudal landowners represented by the Crown. E. But it wasn’t just a war over politics: it was a war between two systems of social ( Traditional system and New system ) a economic development. • Consequences : A. The English Civil War not only overthrew feudal system England but also shook the foundation of the feudal rule i
《英语国家概况(1)》英语国家社会与文化入门第一次形考部分答案
一、单项选择7 、Which of the following description about the Conservative party is Not true?（难度系数：2.00）A、It has been in power for an unusually long period of time.B、It prefers policies that protect individual's rights.C、It receives a lot of the funding from big companies.D、It is known as a party of high taxation levels.参考答案：D5 、Which of the following is Not true about life peers?（难度系数：2.00）A、They are not from the aristocratic families.B、They cannot sit in the House of Lords.C、They earned their titles through their outstanding achievement.D、The titles cannot be inherited by their children.参考答案：B6 、Which of the following statements is Not true about class system in the UK?（难度系数：2.00）A、People of different classes tend to read different kinds of newspapers.B、Class division is only decided by people's income.C、Though social advancement is possible, class affects a person's life chances.D、The way people speak may indentify them as belonging to a particular class.参考答案：B8 、Which of the following is Not included in Household Energy Management Strategy?（难度系数：2.00）A、Every household will have installed loft and cavity insulation where it's practical to do so by 2015.B、7 million homes will have received more substantial eco-upgrades by 2020.C、Every household will have produced their electricity from renewable energy resources.D、29% of carbon emission will have been reduced from the household sector by 2020.参考答案：C3 、Where is the best agricultural land in Britain?（难度系数：1.00）A、In the southeast of England.B、In the northeast of England.C、In the southeast of Scotland.D、In the northeast of Scotlａnd.参考答案：A2 、Which of the following is Not a company in the energy sector?（难度系数：1.00）A、ShellB、ICIC、RTZD、British Gas参考答案：B4 、What did Frank Whittle do in 1937?（难度系数：1.00）A、He invented the first jet plane.B、He developed the first jet engine.C、He made the first powered flight.D、He made the trans-Atlantic flight.参考答案：B1 、Which of the following countries is the last to come out of recession?（难度系数：1.00）A、GermanyB、JapanC、BritainD、France参考答案：C二、判断8 、The amount spengt in national campaign is not limited other than that on TV.（难度系数：2.00）A、正确B、错误C、参考答案：B12 、Liberal Democratic party is the newest of the major national parties.（难度系数：2.00）A、正确B、错误C、参考答案：B10 、The majority of middle-class people today have working class parents or grandparents.（难度系数：2.00）A、正确B、错误C、参考答案：A9 、One of the distinctive features about the British class-system is that it has also retained a hereditary aristocracy.（难度系数：2.00）A、正确B、错误C、参考答案：A11 、The immigrants have problems of unemployment, under-representation in politics and unfair treatment by police and by the justice system.（难度系数：2.00）A、正确B、错误C、参考答案：B7 、On March 2nd, 2010, the British government published its Household Energy Management Strategy.（难度系数：2.00）A、正确B、错误C、参考答案：A6 、Both the U.S. and Canada overtook Britain in economy by 1900.（难度系数：1.00）A、正确B、错误C、参考答案：B3 、In the 1970s, with the soaring price of oil and high rates if inflation, Britain went through a bad period.（难度系数：1.00）A、正确B、错误C、参考答案：A1 、The leader of the Conservatives, Margaret Thatcher stargted a series of reforms.An extensive programme of privatisation was carried out, and she was successful in an all-round way.（难度系数：1.00）A、正确B、错误C、参考答案：B5 、Britain has a large sector of agriculture producing 11.6% of its national wealth.（难度系数：1.00）A、正确B、错误C、参考答案：B4 、A low rate of domestic industrial investment coupled with a very high rate of overseas investment is a characteristic of the UK economy.（难度系数：1.00）A、正确B、错误C、参考答案：A2 、In recent years, Britain is second only to the U.S. as a destination for international drect investment.（难度系数：1.00）A、正确B、错误C、参考答案：A。
英国政治制度 The Political System
KEYS TO LAST WEEK’S QUIZ
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国 Anglo-Saxons The Lake District The Stonehenge, The Tower of London, The Westminster Abbey 杜莎夫人蜡像馆 Protestants, Catholics Sinn Fein, The Irish Republican Army
HISTORY OF
CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY
The divine right of kings; hereditary kings or queens Oliver Cromwell: Ousting the monarch, Charles I, in 1642, and
Representative democracy (people do not rule themselves directly but elect representatives to rule for them)
The separation of powers Parliamentary democracy Parliamentary sovereignty议会主权 Constitutional monarchy君主立宪制
LECTURE 2 THE POLITICAL SYSTEM
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What is the full name of the British state? Where do most people live? Which is the largest ethnic group in the UK? What are the major ethnic minorities in the UK? Why are there so many different ethnic minority groups in the UK? Is Britain English? In what way is Scotland so special? What caused the trouble in Northern Ireland? What are the important cities and areas of the country? What are the tourist attractions in London? How important is London to the UK and the world? What do you know about British national characteristics? What is your perception of the images of Britain?
国家概况 填空
1.British national flag is also called __________. (The Union Jack)2.On the National Emblem of British, there are two animals,______ and __________. (lionand unicorn)3.The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in __1914_____, but the process was overtaken ___the WWI ___ and was suspended for the duration of the war.4.what is “the IRA” (short for the Irish Republican Army, was a revolutionary militaryorganization engaged in the unification of Ireland)I. Filling the blank.1.In United Kingdom，five titles of nobility: Duke,Marquis,Earl,Viscount,Baron2.The name of the present Queen in UK is：Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor3.Buckingham Palace has been the main home of the sovereign since Queen Victoria.1. If a government loses a vote of no confidence in the House of Commons, it has to resign.2. National Health Service was established by the Labour government in 1948, providing health acre for all the people.3. People who do unskilled office work and skilled well-paid manual work are likely to be described as lower middle class.1.There are three major parties in the UK: the Conservative party, the Liberal Democrats andthe Labour party_.2.The distinction about the British class-system, and which marks it as different from theAmerican or Chinese social structure, is that it has also retained a _ hereditary.3.Most of the recent immigrants come from _ South Asian ______ countries such as India,Pakistan and Lanka; and __ Caribbean__countries such as Jamaica and Trinidad.A.Coronation Street is a British television soap opera. It was first broadcast on 9 December 1960. The show has been on the air for over 52 years.B.British newspaper culture is unusual in the extend to which class and educational difference are reflected in the newspapers people read.C.The quality newspapers carry more serious and in--depth articles of particular political andsocial importance.3.In common with British society, the Irish recognize the pub as a place to gather to meet friends and neighbors on an infomal basis.1.The FA stands for （Football Association）2.Phrases like “on a sticky wicket” and “playing with a straight bat” are associated with thesport of ( cricket )1.Children in Britain must receive a full-time education legally from the age of __five___ to __sixteen___.2.Parents from the wealthier middle class prefer to send their children to _private_____ schools so as to have better education.prehensive schools provide a general education, teaching students everything from _academic____ subjects like literature and science to more __practical___ subjects like cooking and carpentry.1 _The “Guardian”____ is regarded as the most left-wing newspaper in Britain.2 The media is affected by _ the Official Secrets Act ____, a legal act which stipulates that all government information is kept secret unless the government says it can be released.3 Britons often refer to newspaper culture as _“Fleet Street”____.3. People usually dress up and show off their fashionable clothes and elaborate hats for the social event called ___the Royal Ascot_pared with football______is a more gentle game sport and which owes its origin to the church.(tennis)2. There are two kinds of horse racing:steeplechase and ____.(flat racing)3.Golf is invented by _______.(Scottish)1.Many Muslims in Britain observe a traditional Islamic festival called_ Ramadan _duringwhich nothing can be eaten or drunk between dawn and nightfall.2.For church goers it is_ Easter ___, not Christmas, which is the most important ChristianFestival.3.Traditionally, people gave Christmas gifts or money to their staff or servants on _ Boxing Day___, which is the day after Christmas.1.The full name of the present Queen in UK is -----? Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor2.-------, the ancestor of the present Queen, Elizabeth II, united England under his rule in 829.King Egbert.3.In medieval times, kings would summon a group of wealthy barons and representatives ofcounties, towns and cities—called _____ to raise money. Great Council1. The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral structure in the world.2. The British colonization of Australia began in the 18th century.3. The Dreaming refers to belief systems of the indigenous people of Australia.1. The risk of fiercer and more widespread bushfires, threatening both households and farming regions is increased by ____________. (climate warming)2. Under the White Australia Policy, immigrants to Australia had to take a test in _________, the failure of which would be given the status of _________. (a European language, prohibited immigrant)3. ___________ was organized by an aboriginal university graduate to go to the outback of Australia to raise people’s consciousness about the level of racism. (The Freedom Rides)1.The UK is divided into ( ) constituencies with each of them represented by a member in ( ).650, the parliament.2.If a government loses a ( ) in the House of Commons, it has to resign.3.Vote of no confidence.,4.There are three major parties in the UK ( ), the Labor party and ( ).The Conservative party, the Liberal Democratic party.1._____. The ancestor of the present Queen, ElizabethⅡ, united England under his rule in829. King Egbert2.In the 18th century, King GeorgeⅠleft the job of chairing cabinet meetings to one of hisministers who later came to be called _______. The prime minister3.In Britain, the official head of state is _____, while the real centre o political life is in ______.The Queen; the House of Commons1.Critics show that “going to the pictures” is still one of the most popular forms of theentertainment in Australia.2.In Australia, the Immigration Restriction Act was passed in 1901.3.In Australia, the Governor-General is the representative of the British Monarch.1 The Republic of Ireland is still overwhelmingly of ____Roman Catholic_1.Britain’s special relationship with the United States is another major factor whichinfluences the British foreign policy.2.Britain’s physical isolation has long been reduced by the development of airlines andmore recently by the opening of the Channel Tunnel.3.According to the author, Britain is a parliamentary democracy, so the government’sforeign policy in theory represents the desires of its electorate.1.The FA stands for __Football Association__.2.There are two kinds of horse racing: flat racing and _steeplechase_.pared with football _tennis_ is a more gentle sport which owes its origins to the Church.1.There are _THREE_ major historical stages in Australia’s relationship with the rest of theworld.2.At present, the Australian economy now depends primarily upon its other two major sectors:the resources and _service_ industries_.3.The concept of _Sustainable Tourism_ now gives strength to debates about how to “SellAustralia”.is the national flower of England RoseIn the Middle Ages, the boar was the favourite quarry, and later the wolf, nowadays the_________. foxes、The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in , but the process was overtaken by and was suspended for the duration of the war. (1914 the First World War)8、To pursue Irish independence, the most spectacular event in the Irish history was of 1916, in which the rebels 9occupied Dublin’s post office and forced the British to take it back by military means. (East Rising)9、The Good Friday Agreement, known also as , emerged on 10 April 1998. (Belfast Agreement)Children in Britain must receive a full-time education legally from the age of_____ to_______ ( 5 to 16 )8、Comprehensive schools provide a general education, teaching students everything from______ subjects like literature and science to more_____ subjects like cooking and carpentry. (academic, practice)9、In Britain, people can go to the_______ without having any formal educational qualifications. (Open Universities)1.The UK is divided into 650 constituencies with each of them represented by a member in the parliament.2.If a government loses a “vote of no confidence” in the House of Commons, it has to resign.3.The Liberal Democrats are regarded by many people as comparatively flexible and pragmatic in their balance of the individual and the social.Many Muslims in Britain observe a traditional Islamic festival called Ramadan, during which nothing can be eaten or drunk between dawn and nightfall.“The Jewel in the Crown” of the Britain Empire _India_, which provided raw materials and a big market for Britain goods, gained independence in 1947.Since 1945,the UK economy has experienced relative decline rather than absolute decline.Glaxo-Wellcome is the biggest drug company in the world while ICI is the second largest paint manufacturer in the world.Young indigenous women were forced to help the white settlers in (sealing), which was one of the first industries of Australia.(2). Neville Shute’s most popular novel (The Thorn Bird) was made into a major TV miniseries.(3). Shadow Cabinet is made up of the members of the major party (in opposition ).The (official) IRA believed that they had made enough progress so that they could concentrate on a political process, and run candidates for election.2. Sinn Fein, the legal( political party), supports the IRA’s right to fight, its leader spoke of a twin campaign for union with Ireland, both political and military, which is known as the policy of (the Bullet and the Ballot Box).3. The good Friday Agreement, known also as (the Belfast Agreement).1.In____, New year’Eve called Hogmanay (December 31st) is the major wintercelebration.(Scotland)The “Guardian”_____ is regarded as the most left-wing newspaper in Britain.2 The media is affected by __the Official Secrets Act ___, a legal act which stipulates that all government information is kept secret unless the government says it can be released.3 Britons often refer to newspaper culture as ___“Fleet Street”__.1.Children in Britain must receive a full-time education legally from the age of __five___ to __sixteen___.2.Parents from the wealthier middle class prefer to send their children to _private_____ schools so as to have better education.prehensive schools provide a general education, teaching students everything from _academic____ subjects like literature and science to more __practical___ subjects like cooking and carpentry.People usually dress up and show off their fashionable clothes and elaborate hats for the social event called ___the Royal Ascot_. The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral structure in the world.2. The British colonization of Australia began in the 18th century.3. The Dreaming refers to belief systems of the indigenous people of Australia.1.The FA stands for___Football Association1.The full name of the present Queen in UK is -----? Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor2.-------, the ancestor of the present Queen, Elizabeth II, united England under his rule in 829.King Egbert.3.In medieval times, kings would summon a group of wealthy barons and representatives ofcounties, towns and cities—called _____ to raise money. Great Council3.In common with British society, the Irish recognize the pub as a place to gather to meet friends and neighbors on an infomal basis.1.Coronation Street is a British television soap opera. It was first broadcast on 9 December 1960. The show has been on the air for over 52 years.2.British newspaper culture is unusual in the extend to which class and educational difference are reflected in the newspapers people read.3.The quality newspapers carry more serious and in--depth articles of particular political and social importance.Many Muslims in Britain observe a traditional Islamic festival called____ Ramadan1.___during which nothing can be eaten or drunk between dawn and nightfall.For church goers it is_Easter2._____, not Christmas, which is the most important Christian Festival.Traditionally, people gave Christmas gifts or money to their staff or servants on ____ Boxing Day ___, which is the day after Christmas.1.One of the most notable markers of the way the EU membership has changed Ireland is the status of woman.2.The population in 1845-1848 (time) in Ireland reduced due to starvation, disease and emigration, the main reason is the Great Famine/ the Great Hunger.3.The social stratification (阶级) in Ireland is based solely on birth, wealth ,education and law. 1.Magna Carta is still regarded as Britain's key expression of the right of citizens against the Crown.2.In 1689 Parliament passed the Bill of Right , which ensured that the king would never be able to ignore Parliament .3.Strictly speaking, the Parliament today consist of the Queen, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.1.National Health Service was established by the Labor government in 1948,providing health care for all the people.2.One distinctive feature about the class system in Britain is that it still retains a hereditary aristocracyIn the examination called "the 11 plus", students with academic potential go to grammar schools.2 If a student wants to go to university in Britain，he will take the examination called__________General Certificate of Education—Advanced___.3 1994 Education act made entry to secondary school and universities meritocratic Horse racing is a major British industry and takes two forms—flat racing,and steeplechasing3Pastoralists often used their legal power as magistrates to force labourers to work hard.3.Under the Whitlam government” god save the queen’ was replaced by _（advance Australia fair ）__as Australian national anthem.1，Easter is the chief Christian holiday, which celebrated the ____of Christ( Resurrection)I. 1. Britain’s three most popular activities are watching TV, listening the radio and readingnewspapers .2. The quality newspapers carry more serious and in-depth articles of particular political and social importance.3. The News of the World, which began published in 1843, is considered as one of the tabloids.In United Kingdom，five titles of nobility: Duke,Marquis,Earl,Viscount,Baron2.The full name of the present Queen in UK is：Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor3.Buckingham Palace has been the main home of the sovereign since Queen Victoria.1.The FA stands for ____________________. Football Association2.Phrases like “on a sticky wicket”and “playing with a straight bat”are associated with thesport of ______. cricket1. The risk of fiercer and more widespread bushfires, threatening both households and farming regions is increased by ____________. (climate warming)2. Under the White Australia Policy, immigrants to Australia had to take a test in _________, the failure of which would be given the status of _________. (a European language, prohibited immigrant)3. ___________ was organized by an aboriginal university graduate to go to the outback of Australia to raise people’s consciousness about the level of racism. (The Freedom Rides)（填空）The biggest social event associated with horse racing is_______.正确答案：the Royal AscotIt is commonly believed that Boxing Day involves the sport of boxing. F on boxing day people gave Christmas gifts to their staffs or servants.1) On Federation in 1901, Australia became an independent colony but until the 1940s it had little control in the field of (foreign affairs).(2) The concept of (“Sustainable Tourism”) now gives strength to debates about how to debates about how to “Sell Australia”.(3) (The Australian Workers Union), which was a racist organization against the aboriginal people, supported the Gurindji people’s nine-year strike.People who do unskilled office work and skilled well-paid manual work are likely to be described as ---------class. (lower middle )本填空题考查的是不同阶级的阶级特点，课本中答案（However there is a hazy area around unskilled office work and skilled well-paid manual work which leads to sub-divisions such as "lower middle--class" being used.Compared with football______is a more gentle game sport and which owes its origin to the church.(tennis)2. There are two kinds of horse racing:steeplechase and ____.(flat racing)3.Golf is invented by _______.(Scottish)1._______ refers to the way people live: the patterns and normal expectations of their lives aspassed within a certain place. (Culture)2.Today the Irish educational system is among the ______ and best in Europe. (cheapest)3.In modern times alone, the Republic of Ireland has been the home of ______ winners of the_________ for literature. (four; Nobel Prize)(1). Apart from birth and wealth, education was one important marker of status in Irish tradition.(2). The availability of an educated labor force is a major incentive for foreign companies to set up their facilities in Ireland.(3). The Government acts collectively and is responsible for Irish Parliament.If a government loses a vote of no confidence in the House of Commons, it has to resign.2. National Health Service was established by the Labour government in 1948, providing health acre for all the people.3. People who do unskilled office work and skilled well-paid manual work are likely to be described as lower middle class.1.British national flag is also called __________. (The Union Jack)2.On the National Emblem of British, there are two animals, ______ and __________.(lion and unicorn)3.The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in _______, but the process was overtaken___________ and was suspended for the duration of the war. (1914 the WWI)1.Critics show that going to the picture is still one of the most popular forms of entertainment inAustralia.2.Shadow Cabinet is made up of the members of major party in opposition3.The Prime Minster and the cabinet are the centre of Australian parliamentary power.Term1.British national flag is also called __________. (The Union Jack)2.On the National Emblem of British, there are two animals, ______ and __________.(lion and unicorn)3.The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in _______, but the process was overtaken___________ and was suspended for the duration of the war. (1914 the WWI)4.1.The UK is divided into ( ) constituencies with each of them represented by a member in ( ).650, the parliament.2.If a government loses a ( ) in the House of Commons, it has to resign.3.Vote of no confidence.,4.There are three major parties in the UK ( ), the Labor party and ( ).The Conservative party, the Liberal Democratic party.1._____. The ancestor of the present Queen, ElizabethⅡ, united England under his rule in829. King Egbert2.In the 18th century, King GeorgeⅠleft the job of chairing cabinet meetings to one of hisministers who later came to be called _______. The prime minister3.In Britain, the official head of state is _____, while the real centre o political life is in ______.The Queen; the House of Commons。
英美国家概况课后选择
英美国家概况课后选择Chapter 11.The two main islands of the British Isles are __A__.A. Great Britain and IrelandB. Great Britain and ScotlandC. Great Britain and WalesD. Great Britain and England2. __B__ is the capital city of Scotland.A. BelfastB. EdinburghC. AberdeenD. Cardiff3. According to a 2005 estimate, Britain now has a population of over __C__ million.A. 160B. 600C. 60D. 164. Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, __D__ is the smallest.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland5. Almost a quarter of the British population lives in __B__ England.A. northeasternB. southeasternC. northwesternD. southwestern6.The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of _D__words to English.A. Danish and FinnishB. Dutch and GermanC. French and ItalianD. Latin and Greek7. Samuel Johnson's dictionary was influential in establishinga standard form of _C__.A. grammarB. handwritingC. spellingD. pronunciation8. At present, nearly __B__ of the world's population communicate in English.A. halfB. a quarterC. one thirdD. one fifthChapter 21.The ___D_ attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic2. By the late 7th century, __D__ became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity3. Westminster Abbey was built at the time of __B__ .A. St. AugustineB. Edward the ConfessorC. William the ConquerorD. Alfred the Great4. The __C__ marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Margna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law5. The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of __C__.A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster6.The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII'seffort to __A__ .A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over the church7. The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between __B__.A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians8. __A__ was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Margna Carta9. The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the __C__century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th10. Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by the beginning of the __D__ century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th Chapter 31.The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three of the following branches with the exception of the __C__.A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive2. As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to __B__ the House of Commons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect3. The main duty of the British Privy Council is to __B__.A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise the Cabinet4. In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every __C__ years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six5. Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a __B__ system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party6.The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and __D__ .A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism7. British government works on the principle of __A__ .A. collective responsibilityB. individual responsibilityC. defending the collectivismD. defending the individuals9. __C__ has a distinct legal system based on Roman law.A. WalesB. EnglandC. ScotlandD. Northern IrelandChapter 51. About __B__ of British children receive primary and secondary education through the independent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8&2. Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receive their remaining funds from all the following sources except __B__ .A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD. corporate contributions3. Of the following, _A___ is NOT a basis of admission to Britain's universities.A. result in national entrance testB. A-level resultC. an interviewD. school references4. Among Britain's quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the "Big Three" with the exception of __C__.A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The Daily Telegraph5. Life on Earth is a kind of __C__ program produced by the BBC and ispopular among 500 million viewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC. documentaryD. soap opera6. __D__ is Britain's top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB7. Of the following, __D__ is NOT a common feature of all the British holidays.A. families getting togetherB. friends exchanging good wishesC. friends enjoying each other's companyD. families traveling overseas8. The following Christmas traditions are paticularly British except __A__.A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen's Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomimeChapter 61.The most significant achievement of the English Renaissance is __B__.A. poetryB. dramaC. novelD. prose2. __C__ is viewed as Romantic poetry's "Declaration of Independence".A. "I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud"B. "Don Juan"C. "Preface to Lyrical Ballads"D. "Prometheus Unbound"3. Of Dickens' novels, __B__ is considered autobiographical.A. A Tale of Two CitiesB. David CopperfieldC. Oliver TwistD. Great Expectations4. __B__ is a representative of English Critical Realism at the turn of the 19th century.A. Robert Louis StevensonB. John MiltonC. Joseph ConradD. Thomas Hardy5. __A__ is NOT included in the modernist group.A. Oscar WildB. Virginia WoolfC. William Butler YeatsD. T. S. Eliot6. Of the following books, __C__ was NOT written by Thomas Hardy.A. Jude the ObscureB. Tess of the D'UrbervillesC. Adam BedeD. The Return of the Native7. Of the following statements, __D__ is NOT corret about Virginia Woolf.A. She was a central figure of the "Bloomsbury Group".B. She experimented with stream of consciousness.C. She was an influential feminist.D. Her masterpiece was The Rainbow.Chapter 81. The United States has __C_ states on the continent.A. 50B. 49C. 48D.352. The state of __A_ is the largest in area of all the states.A. AlaskaB. HawaiiC. TexasD. Florida3. The U.S. lies in _B__ North America, with Canada tothe north, Mexico to the south, the Atlantic to its ___ and the Pacific to its ___ .A. northern, east, westB. central, east, westC. southern, west, eastD. western, east, west4. The largest river in the U.S. is __B_ .A. the Missouri RiverB. the Mississippi RiverC. the Ohio RiverD. the Colorado River5. Some of the world famous universities like Harvard, YaleandMIT are located __C_A. in the SouthB. along the Pacific CoastC. in New EnglandD. in the Midwest6. _C__ is located on the U.S.-Canadian border between Lake Erieand Lake Ontario.A. Yellowstone National ParkB. The Grand CanyonC. Niagara FallsD. The Great Salt Lake7. The native Alaskan population includes the following except the __D_ .A. IndiansB. EskimosC. AleutsD. Blacks8. The largest minority in the United States is the __B_ .A. Pacific IslandersB. BlacksC. Native AmericansD. Asians9. The characteristic of dominant American culture is _D__ .A. English-speaking, northern European, Roman Catholic and middle-classB. English-speaking, western European, Roman Catholic and upper-classC. English-speaking, northern European, Protestant andupper-classD. English-speaking, western European, Protestant and middle-classChapter 101. The U.S. Constitution came into effect in __B___.A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 17932. The Constitution of the United States __C__ .A. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the most power to the PresidentC. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court3. The Bill of Rights ___B___.A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and freedomC. is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD. has no relationship with the Constitution4. All the following except __C__ cannot make legislative proposal.A. the SenatorB. the RepresentativeC. the Secretary of StateD. the President5. The following except __C__ are all powers of the President.A. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC. making lawsD. issuing executive orders6. The terms for a Senator and Representative are __D__ and ____ years respectively.A. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD. six, two7. The Supreme Court is composed of __D__ justices.A. sixB. sevenC. eightD. nine8. The President is directed voted into office by ___C_.A. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizens over 18 years oldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senators and representativesChapter 121. Formal education in the United States consists of ___C__, secondary and higher education.A. kindergardenB. publicC. elementaryD. private2. Of the following subjects, __B__ are NOT offered to elementary schollo students.A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and business educationC. science and social studiesD. music and physical education3. Higher education in the United States bagan with the founding of _B___.A. Yale UniveristyB. Harvard UniveristyC. Princeton UniversityD. New York Univeristy4. Of the following, __B__ are NOT among the categories of American higher education.A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community colleges5. __B__ is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has a reputation for its serious attitude and great bulk.A. Los Angeles TimesB. The Washington PostC. The New York TimesD. New York Daily News6. To get a bachelor's degree, all undergraduate students are required to do the following except __C__.A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinationsC. work for communitiesD. earning a certain number of credits7. The National Day of the United States falls on __B__.A. June 4thB. July 4thC. June 14thD. July 14th。
英语国家概况
▪The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on advising the government.▪As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to complement the House of Commons.▪In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every five years.▪Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a two-party system.▪The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on advising the government.▪As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to complement the House of Commons.▪In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every five years.▪Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a two-party system.▪The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and a belief in individualism.▪The United States has 48 states on the continent.▪The state of Alaska is the largest in area of all the states.▪The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continued throughout the terms of Presidents Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson.▪The U.S. Constitution came into effect in 1789.▪The Constitution of the United States tries to give each branch enough power to balance the others.▪The terms of a Senator and Representative are six and two years respectively.▪The Supreme Court is composed of eight justices.▪The first National Bank of the United States was established with the urge of Alexander Hamilton▪Higher education in the United States began with the founding of Harvard University.▪The New Deal was started by Franklin Roosevelt.▪The general election in America is held every four years.▪The symbol of the US Democratic Party is donkey.▪The following states are among the first thirteen colonies except Colorado.▪The first American President from the Republic Party is Abraham Lincoln.▪1689 marked the beginning of the constitutional monarchy in England. （Bill of Rights）▪Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species was published in 1859.▪Florence Nightingale was a famous nurse who organized the care of soldiers wounded in the Crimean War▪In 1934, a fully government-funded unemployment benefit system was, for the first time, paid out according to need rather than contribution.▪World War II was finally over in 1945with the victory of the allies.▪In 1997, Tony Blair became Prime Minister in a landslide victory for Labor.▪John Milton is best known for the epic poem Paradise Lost, an account of humanity’s fall from grace.▪The Constitution mainly consists of: Statutory law, common law, and convention.▪The maximum duration of Parliament is five years and is dissolved by the Crown on the advice of the Prime Minister.▪The UK government, officially known as His (or Her) Majesty’s Government, is centered on Whitehall in London.▪The UK Cabinet meets in private and normally weekly at 10 Downing Street and initiates most of the important bills under debate in Parliament.▪These New England settlers—English puritans were committed to turning the New World into the Kingdom of God.▪An axis power in World War II refers to Germany, Italy, and Japan.▪On 25 April, 1945, representatives of 50 nations met in San Francisco to create a world organization named the United Nation.▪The twin symbols of American Affluence-- home in the suburbs and a gleaming new automobile.▪The failure of the U.S. war in V ietnam filled most Americans with shame and the revelations of the Watergate scandals filled many with disgust.▪Lyndon Johnson deftly took charge of the nation’s political following Kennedy’s shocking assassination.▪The end of the Cold War was marked by the tearing-down of the Berlin Wall in 1989.▪Martin Luther King became the leader of the Civil Rights Movement.▪Congress of the US is made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives.▪Great Society：It refers to social reform programs proposed by Johnson. J meant to use federal political and financial power to solve such problems as related to civil rights, poverty, urban renewal, health care, public school education, immigration and conservation. US Congress enacted most of the Great Society measures between 1964 and 1966.▪Melting Pot：Since the United States is a nation of many ethnic groups, it is also known as a “melting pot,”meaning immigrants from different nations all over the world have mixed to make up the American nation.▪Domesday BookThe written record of a census and survey of English landowners and their property made by order of William the Conqueror in 1085-1086.▪Queen Elizabeth IIThe present Sovereign, came to the throne in 1952 and was crowned in 1953. The Queen is the symbol of the whole nation, the center of many national ceremonies and the leader of society.▪The Marshall PlanThe Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was the large-scale American program to aid Europe where the United States gave monetary support to help rebuild European economies after the end of World War II in order to prevent the spread of Soviet communism.1. What are the features of the climate in Britain?Britain has a maritime climate. Winters are not too cold and summers are not too hot. It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The temperature varies within a small range.2. What can a person do to become a barrister in the UK?To become a barrister, one has to have a university degree, pass professional examinations, andbecome a member of an Inn of Court. The candidate must then serve for a none-year period undera practicing barrister before he or she is finally qualified to practice alone.3. What is the rule of law in Britain? （p.53）The rule of law involves a number of basic assumptions. 1. Everyone is bound by the law. 2. All persons are equal before the law. 3. Law and order must be maintained through the officials and institutions of the state. 4. Legal redress is provided for citizens with complaints against other individuals, organizations or the sate when they feel they have experienced injustice. 5. The law and legal processes and personnel should be independent from political interference. In practice, the courts should be free from political pressures.4. What do you think about the Great Depression?The prosperity of the 1920s came to an abrupt end in 1929. The stock market crash in October of that year was soon followed by a breakdown of the nation’s entire economy. The causes of the Great Depression can be found in the unbalanced economy.5. What are the causes of the Civil War of the U.S?In the North, there was a growing demand for labor to work in factories. Some Northerners wanted to get former slaves from the South so they supported the abolition of slavery. The Southerners decided to secede from the Union, which immediately led to the outbreak of the Civil War.论述题：任选一道(20分)1. What was the significance of the Declaration of Independence of the USA?This document was highly significant because it announced the decision of the United States to become independent and free from British rule. More importantly, it explained the reasons for doing so and it justified the purpose of such highly important decision.Within this document, the leaders of the U.S. during that time listed grievances against the empire under King George III. It clearly represented the increasing desire of the people for freedom and justice. Furthermore, it also expressed the importance of the different rights of the people including the unalienable right to revolt against foreign rule. Add to that, this declaration emphasized the significance of liberty, life and pursuit of happiness for everyone.2. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?Result: Lifestyle ChangesAlthough the Industrial Revolution resulted in many changes in the world's social and economic structures, perhaps one of the most significant changes was the increasing importance of production. And increased emphasis on production meant that the workday changed for lower-class factory workers. People often worked as much as 14 hours a day.Result: Population IncreaseAlthough some historians disagree as to whether population increases helped spawn the Industrial Revolution or was caused by it, the period nevertheless correlated with a rise in global population. And the continued growth after the beginning of the period stems from a dramatic "surplus economy," where each person (with the aid of new machines) was capable of producing more than he used. Additionally, the increase in the size of the middle class resulted in increased life expectancies and decreased infant deaths.。
中英教育的对比英语作文
中英教育的对比英语作文Title: A Comparative Analysis of Education in China and the United KingdomEducation is a fundamental aspect of societal development, shaping the future of individuals and nations. While China and the United Kingdom both boast rich cultural and educational traditions, there are distinct differences in their approaches to education. This essay aims to explore and compare these differences.Firstly, let's examine the educational systems. China's education system is highly structured and follows a rigid curriculum, focusing on academic achievement and standardized testing. Students are often under significant pressure to excel in subjects such as mathematics, science, and language arts. In contrast, the British education system offers more flexibility and diversity. Students have a broader range of subjects to choose from, and there is a greater emphasis on critical thinking, creativity, and independent learning.Secondly, teaching methods vary significantly between the two countries. In China, traditional lecture-based teaching is still prevalent, with a teacher-centered classroom model.Students are expected to memorize facts and apply them to problem-solving. In the UK, a more interactive andstudent-centered approach is adopted. Teachers encourage active participation, critical discussions, and project-based learning to foster a deeper understanding of concepts.Furthermore, assessment methods differ. In China, standardized tests, such as the Gaokao, play a crucial role in determining students' academic futures. These tests are often highly competitive and stressful for students. In the UK, assessments are more varied, including exams, coursework, and practical assessments. Teachers also take into account students' participation, effort, and progress throughout the year.Lastly, cultural values and societal expectations shape educational outcomes. In China, education is seen as a path to social and economic success. Parents and society place significant pressure on students to excel academically. In the UK, while education is still valued highly, there is a greater emphasis on personal growth, self-expression, and well-being. Students are encouraged to explore their interests and talents and to develop as individuals.In conclusion, while China and the UK both have strong educational systems, there are significant differences in their approaches to education. From the rigid curriculum and teacher-centered classrooms in China to the flexibility, diversity, and student-centered approach in the UK, these differences reflect the unique cultural values and societal expectations of each country. Ultimately, both systems aim to provide quality education for their students, though they do so in very different ways.。
(完整版)英语国家概况期末复习2
人物与历史文献USTea Act 茶税法The Treaty of Paris 巴黎公约1783年美英两国于巴黎签订的条约同样成为《巴黎条约》，该条约的签订代表着英国承认美国独立，停止敌对行为，但仅承认美国占领密西西比河以东的土地。
第二次大陆会议(The Second Continental Congress) 费城(Philadelphia)召开George Washington 乔治·华盛顿: commander in Continental Army«美利坚合众国宪法»（The Constitution of the United States），通称«美国联邦宪法»或«美国宪法»（U.S. Constitution）1787年宪法Thomas Jefferson托马斯·杰斐逊:The Declaration of Independence «独立宣言»Abraham Lincoln亚伯拉罕·林肯:the Emancipation Proclamation «解放黑人奴隶宣言»Homestead Act «宅地法»Franklin D. Roosevelt富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福: The New Deal罗斯福新政1933年富兰克林·罗斯福就任美国总统后所实行的一系列经济政策，其核心是三个R：救济（Relief）、复兴（Recovery）和改革（Reform），因此有时也被称为三R新政。
Agricultural Adjustment Act «农业调整法»National Industrial Recovery Act «全国工业复兴法»«社会保障法»马丁．路德．金恩(Martin Luther King)Civil Rights Movement 民权运动我有一个梦想(I Have a Dream)Harry Truman哈瑞．杜鲁门:杜鲁门主义The Truman Doctrine马歇尔计划（The Marshall Plan），也称为欧洲复兴计划European Recovery ProgramReagan里根: Star Wars Program 星球大战计划Irangate Scandal 伊朗门事件Nixon尼克松: Watergate Scandals 水门事件Bill Clinton 克林顿: Zippergate ScandalUK«大宪章»：Magna Carta / The Great Charter 1215年King John 国王约翰to impose legal limits on the King's personal power in raising money from his subjects «权力请愿书»: The Petition of Right 1628年Charles 查理一世第29页«权利法案» :Bill of Rights 第32页The treaty of Paris 1763年第32页概念搭配UK1、ConstitutionA constitution is a set of rules and conventions that lays down the powers and functions of state institutions and their relationship with each other.2、The cabinetThe major decision-making body in the government, is often associated with the office of the Prime Minister.3、Tribunal (法院，仲裁机构)A more informal and less expensive alternative to civil and criminal courts, which handles minor cases outside of the official court system.4、The Lord Chancellor（英国上议院的）大法官The Lord Chancellor is head of the judiciary (司法部，法院)in England and Wales.5、The social security systemIt is designed to secure a basic standard of living for people in financial need from the cradle to the grave.US1、Congress (国会)The legislative branch of the federal government ,is made up of the Senate and the House of Representative.2、The Supreme CourtConsists of a chief justice and eight associate justices.问答题英国部分Unit 3 P411. Who were the main foreign invaders of Britain at different times in British history? What contributions have they respectively made to the British culture, or what impacts have they had? 英国历史上不同时期主要的外国侵略者？及对英国的文化贡献或影响？P13(1)Julius Caesar 凯撒大帝(55BC) Hadrian’s Wall Words of Latin origins, Roman numbers, the solar calendar, Roman laws, and the census人口普查 ['sensəs] took root locally. Christianity spread(2)Germanic tribesmen 日耳曼人developed the Heptarchy, ['heptɑːkɪ]七王国；七头统治；七国连盟established Old English(3)Anglo-Saxon盎格鲁-撒克逊Christianity gained hold in Britain(4)Normans 诺曼人made Norman feudalism封建主义；封建制度['fjuːdəlɪz(ə)m]2. What was the social background for the Reformation to take place in England? What major achievements did the Elizabethan [i,lizə'bi:θən] 伊丽莎白一世时代的era ['ɪərə] witness?英格兰革新的社会背景？伊丽莎白一世见证的成就？P28In the Middle Ages, the Church had gained not only material importance, but also extensive power in politics and law. ﹙P28﹚Elizabeth: Putting to rest the religious issues;Reducing the power of the old nobility;Reaching farther than before through trade and adventure;Defeating Armada at sea Cultural and artistic movements (the English Renaissance) 3. How did the English Civil War break out? What were the consequences of the war?英国内战如何爆发？结果如何？P29The absolute rule of Charles I aroused the resistance of the people and the bourgeoisies. Charles took conteraction. He wanted to arrest Pym, Hampden and three other leaders of the Commons, but he failed to do so. So, he departed for the north, hoping to find supporters in the west and north districts. Thus the Civil War began. Consequences: The King Charles’s arm was defeated. Charles I was beheaded. In 1649, the House of Lords and the office of King were abolished and a Council of State was set to carry the executive work of the government, and England was declared a Commonwealth.Unit 4 P504. What are the characteristics of the British Constitution ?英国宪法的特点？P43(1)Constitutional monarchy ['mɒnəkɪ] 君主立宪制(2)Parliamentary sovereignty ['sɒvrɪntɪ] 议会至上(3)Representative democracy 代议民主(4)The rule of law ﹝P43﹞5. What are the functions of Parliament? How does the law-making process work?议会的功能是什么？法律制定工作是如何运行的？P44(1)To legislate立法(2)To vote the taxation 征税and expenditures [ɪk'spɛndɪtʃɚ] 支出of thegovernment(3)To examine government policies and administration 行政(4)To debate major political issues of the day （P45）6. What is meant by the “two-party system” in the UK today? How effective is such a system ?英国两党制在今天有何意义？这种制度如何起作用？P48The British party politics of government in the UK Parliament with power being held by either Conservative Party or Labour Party. The party which wins most MP seats in the House of Common becomes the goverment. The largest minority party becomes the official Opposition,with its own leader and "shadow cabinet".美国部分Unit 1 P1231.What are the characteristics of "Middle America", geographically, culturally, andpolitically?美国中部的地理、文化、政治特点？P115Geographically, the Middle America refers to the territory between the East Coast of the United States (particularly the northeast) and the West Coast. It has yielded some of America's greatest agricultural and mineral wealth,is the heart of America.Culturally, America is contrasted with the more culturally progressive urban areas of the country, particularly, those of the East and West Coasts. The conservative values considered typical of Middle America (often called "family values" in American politics) are often called "Middle American values".The idea of Middle America may exclude locations such as Chicago (the third largest city in the United States and one of the world's ten alpha cities) and very wealthy cities like Aspen, Colorado. The coastal regions of the southern United States are implicitly included.Politically, The phrase Middle American values is a political cliché; like family values, it refers to more traditional or conservative politics, although larger cities such as St. Louis, Missouri and Minneapolis, Minnesota, and major university towns such as Madison, Wisconsin, Columbia, Missouri and Lawrence, Kansas provide exceptions. Many of the political battleground states are situated in "Middle America".2.What makes the Northeast stand out as a unique cultural region?美国东北部独特的文化区域？P119the Northeast of America is densely populated and high urban, and it's the nation's economic and cultural center. Since this area was one of the two earliest settlements by British colonists, Americans tend to trace many of the nation's core values to theregion. One of the region's greatest strengths in its economic competition with other regions is its long tradition of support for education. Additionally, the region has also enjoyed a long history of booming tourism industry, both for its beautiful landscape and for its significant role in shaping the early part of American history.Unit 2 P1433.What do you think of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America?Were they great ?你怎么看待美国的开国元勋？他们获得哪些伟大的成就？America has produced such great men as George Washington,Thomas Jefferson, and Abraham Lincoln. Undoubtedly, the Founding Fathers of the United States of America made great contributions to the US. All served in important positions in the early government of the United States. They also put forth a set of political ideas that became so deeply embedded in the national consciousness that they are often referred to as the "American Credo".4.What were the main reasons that made the United States the world's leadingindustrial power in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?19到20世纪美国位于世界工业霸权的地位的主要原因？P128A Yankee tradition of trade and commerce that provided both the skill and the capital required for industrial expansion; a commitment to private property and the profit system that gave the Rockefellers , the Morgans , and the Carnegies the incentive to build corporate empires ; an abundant and skilled labour supply ; political institutions ......P130第一段全部5. What were the chief causes of the Great Depression? Did the New Deal solve the problems brought about by the Depression? Why and why not?大萧条的主要原因？新政解决大萧条问题了吗？P132The chief causes can be found in the unbalanced economy both domestic and international of the twenties.The New Deal didn't solve the problem itself. The New Deal was a series economic programs to help alleviate the disastrous impact of the Great Depression. The programs focused on three aspects, including relief for the unemployed and poor, recovery of the economy to normal levels and reform the financial system to prevent a repeated depression.小测Part 1: True or False1. The United Kingdom consists of four political divisions —England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland. F Northern Ireland英国由四个政治区组成：英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰P32. The longest river in Britain is the Thames. F the Severn英国最长的河流是赛文河P73. In the UK, most undergraduate (bachelor’s) degrees take three years to complete. T在英国，大多数本科（学士）学位需要三年才能完成P964. The English, the Scots, and the Welsh are Anglo-Saxons, but the Irish are Celts. F只有英格兰人才能可盎格鲁—萨克逊人only The English is Anglo-Saxons P135. Social class in the UK lays more emphasis on money and property. F英国的社会阶层更注重金钱和财产6. The name “England” derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who came to England in the 5th and 6th centuries. T“英国”的名字来自于盎格鲁，在第五和第六世纪中来到英国的日耳曼部落中的一个P137. The Bank of England is a commercial bank. F英国银行是一家国家中央银行the country’s central bank P678. The members of House of Lord are non-elected. T上议院的成员是非选举产生的P459. More than half of the full-time farms in the UK are devoted to livestock. T超过一半的英国全日制农场从事畜牧业P6510. The UK’s biggest-selling newspaper is The Times. F英国销量最大的报纸是太阳报The Sun P10411. The UK Parliament comprises two elements: the House of Lord and the House of Commons. F英国议会由三个部分组成：王权、上议院和下议院The Crown、the non-elected House of Lord and the elected House of Commons P4512. Social Security in U.K. is mainly supported by the government.F英国的社会保障主要是由纳税机构支持的。
英国政党
（中上流） such as …
landowners…(地主）
businessman…
Many wealthy members favor this party.
More likely to be a conservative
People
Economically…
The Conservative Party supports state-owned enterprises. free enterprise and privatization of 支持自由企业和私有化国企） （支持自由企业和私有化国企）
poor
The government should provision the public services.
1945---came to power ---have a major effect----British society ---National Health Service. (from cradler to grave) 从摇篮到坟墓
The government act
believes
…
“redistributive” agent
（ 再分配代理人 ）
Wealth
Richer
对英国的评价英文版
对英国的评价英文版对英国的评价篇一British emphasis on education, not only in the UK gathered in the world's most famous and oldest schools, colleges and universities, and there are some new and most innovative institutions. Education is a permanent topic of discussion ... Education is not only a matter of repeated thinking for the teacher, but also to parents and students to pay more attention. Britain is a country with a long tradition of education. Its education system after several hundred years of evolution, quite perfect and complex, and has a very largeflexibility. In general, it is divided into three stages: compulsory education, continuing education and higher education.British people generally believe that the spoil of children and spoiled children is the biggest obstacle to the formation of independent character.To enable children to adapt to the needs of society in the future, to live independently, work, must be small to develop their ability to live independently, so that they learn to respect others and self-restraint, aware of their behavior responsible. If the child can not adapt to society in the future as other people, as parents can not fulfill the responsibility of education.British schools in the moral education is not called moral education, and called "personal social health education", or "social process", the British schools generally do not have a special moral education course, but the creation of including Buddhism and Taoism, including A variety of the world's major religious beliefs for the elective. This course is considered a child's moral and conscience is very important to cultivate a course. . The purpose is to let them know the basic truth of ordinary life, how to integrate into society self-discipline, as part of society. Core moral values are four: respect for life, fair, honest and trustworthy.The British also have the notion that "morality is infected, not taught." It is reflected in the British primary and secondary school moral education, that is, do not require children to memorize moral norms, but requires children from the depths of the heart, from daily life to understand and understand the ethics.The family is the cradle of child growth. In the UK family, absolutely do not see the children of no reason to spoil, the wrong child will be corrected or even punished. Parents tend to respect thechild's independent personality under the premise of strict control of the children, so that they understand that their behavior is not without marginal, can not do whatever they want.British law clearly stipulates that parents allow their children to corporal punishment, so far many schools still retain the rules of corporal punishment of students.Chinese university lecturers more dedicated, always pay close attention to the classroom 90 minutes continuously instill new knowledge, as Chinese students are also more difficult, every day to digest a lot of information.Students from China's higher education institutions often have deep and solid theoretical foundation, because in China to learn more, the final results are usually determined by the final exam. In the UK, before the start of each course, the instructor will explain the time required to master this course, generally 100 hours per course, of which 70 hours are left to the students to read and study by themselves.Usually in the classroom, the teacher will send their own printed information, but the coverage of knowledge is relatively small, so in the first lesson, the teacher will recommend students to buy or borrow some of the relevant books, and foreign students from small Education is based on knowledge, practical ability is also very strong."In the UK, high school, the teacher will each student as the best students, insist that every student has a bright spot." Students said: "In the UK high school, sports is the main course, mathematics is "In fact, in the final analysis, the domestic education is mainly mainly in the examination, the first test; in the UK is not, the students of the comprehensive development is the more important.UK 9 am classes, 50 minutes each, after 4 pm is the student's free time.Such a teaching arrangement for many people mistakenly thinkthat the British students learning is easy, itsIt is true that each course in the UK is composed of two parts, the report or the paper accounted for part of the final exam accountedfor another part of the completion of either of the two will affect the final outcome of a single subject. In foreign countries, write a paper is very particular about, citing the point of view of others must be marked on the source and author, or to identify cheating, cheating in foreign countries may be to court, very serious.Foreign attention to teamwork, most of the work is done in the case of the team, especially in the UK business. They like a group of different cultural backgrounds, different ideas, so contact with more culture will undoubtedly be very popular in the UK, of course, the premise of teamwork is not hindered by language, English is quite good. Teamwork inside, you will find foreign students to speak and write ability is very strong, which is completely inferior to the Chinese students, the individual may think that Chinese students in the test scores on the edge, but the capacity is still better than the British students , Which is the gap between China's education, foreign education is the ability to train.We can not critically say that China's education is good or the UK's education is good, perhaps in some aspects of China's education is not so targeted in the United Kingdom, but in some respects Chinese education is still very worthy of our trust. In the face of British education we should do is to take its essence to its dregs, a selective reference is desirable, such as "moral is infected, rather than being taught," this view is worthy of our thinking, andcapacity-building Focus on the combination of theory and practice, as well as the affirmation of the students, for the domestic "to take the test scores as a student to assess whether the only standard of excellence," this approach is not acceptable to all students, I believe most students will More like the evaluation criteria abroad, it is not so absolute.对英国的评价篇二China generally has a traditional psychological, that there is room to have a home. Have a nest of their own, even if the small can feel at ease, as if also have a sense of belonging and home. Because of this, in recent years, China 's housing market will be so popular, buy a lot of people' s life struggle to become the goal. But in fact, in foreign countries, most people may not have their own house for life, but will choose to rent. If they stay tired of a place for a long time, you can always rent out the house, moved to another place, very free and easy. The following is a British student about the British concept of the house and views.I rented the first place in the UK, the landlord is our marketing department of a brand manager, a 30-year-old single woman.Her house is a townhouse with two floors. In front of only a small garden, because she did not have time to take care of; behind a small yard, for drying clothes. The first floor is the living room, livingroom and kitchen.There are four rooms on the second floor, thelargest one she lived, and then two bedrooms were leased to me and a college student, there is a study, relatively small, next to her room. On the day of arrival, she said that in addition to her and another tenant's room, the other room I casually enter and use, as long as the clean and tidy just fine. Utilities are all included in the rent. I found the same day, every bedroom is no bolt, we can only cover the door and sleep, this includes the landlord's own room. Obviously, she bought the house this is owner-occupied, may have never thought about going to the strange tenants who modified the door lock it.On weekends, she went to Manchester to visit her boyfriend, and college students are always out partying, come back late. I grew up to no one slept a room in the school dormitory, at home is my parents room, a small attic, this one guarding a big house, scared to death.I often hard to see the tape, in order to wait for college students back! Finally one day, wait until two o'clock, and he did not return, I sleep too sleepy to sleep, stairs and corridor lights are deliberately not turned off. Early the next morning, someone knocked on my vanity door, I got up and ran to the room in front of sleepy eyes, apparently college students playing out all night just back."Why did not you turn off the lights last night?" I said, for fear of the darkness, but said I forgot, he said, "We are an island in the UK, with very scarce resources, and you will not waste it in the future," he said solemnly.Ah! "I heard Yileng Yi Leng, and this off a light have risen to the energy level - I humbly nodded. A week after the weekend, he was out, actually reminded me to forget to turn off the lights!Gradually big house living habits, and not afraid of the black. Just as I dreamed of settling in a big house for a whole year, the landlord told me that she sold the house, the job also resigned, to go to Manchester City to get married.I thought, work and the house are big things. Into the Chinese people, so how couples have to separate the two for some time and then from the long term, but for her unexpectedly is a proposal in the weekend after the decision. This house that sell to sell, it seems no one thought and lived a house it.On the house thing, then finally heard the real English version. A friend took me to see her parents living in a cottage on theoutskirts of the famous city of York. In addition to the old couple 's room, the other two rooms are packed into rooms, such as adultchildren or guests to the time can be spent the night, the house is a small garden. When I went to a guest, asked the elderly, you must have a house in the city, right? The old man opened the chatterbox: "This house is bought after retirement, the mortgage is threeyears.This is our fourth house, but We have never had a house.When we got married, we bought a set of two rooms, and gave birth to a child after the three-bedroom replaced, regeneration and a four-bedroom replaced, and now they are away from home, and we retired , On the outskirts of the three-bedroom, Christmas is back enough to live Oh. Every time the mortgage is three decades, it has been for so, for, but never had. Now we estimate that death is not Will have a houseit! "Said the old man, hearty laugh.Have a happy family life, the original and "have" a house is not much relationship. The British free and easy on the house, is from the island's cultural openness and mobility, or mature capitalist society, financial endowment insurance system?We have seen, we should have lamented it! Let the younger generation, may also wish to learn from them, do not be the house, the car was overwhelmed!对英国的评价篇三My opinion on the monarch in EnglandIt’s known to us all, that there a re still kings or queens in England, different from many other countries. What is rational is actual and what is actual is rational. So, let’s figure out the reasons for that.Reason 1. By searching in Baidu, I know that the king or queen of the Great Britain is also the leader of Canada, Australia and so on to some extent at the same time, for they are in the Commonwealth of Nations. They need a common leader who has a respectable identity to region and show their continuity in politics.Reason 2. Once given a chance to England , I would not miss to see the soldiers beside the palace. So do many people. It’s exactly the charm of royalty. I wonder what a big loss the tourism of Englandwill suffer once there were no longer king or queen.Reason 3. the monarch also has it cultural meaning. We know there are many special parades in England which has some thing to do withmonarch. And they need a person to be regarded as their god or goddess for solidarity.All in all, monarch do benefit the England in politics, economic, and culture. That’s exactly why the monarch exists in the greatBritain .对英国的评价英文版。
君主立宪制的英国教案教学评估与反思
IntroductionIn this lesson, we will be evaluating and reflecting on the British constitutional monarchy system, particularly focusing on the period of the Glorious Revolution and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy in Britain. This lesson is designed for high schoolstudents and will aim to provide them with a thorough understanding of the historical and political context surrounding theestablishment of a constitutional monarchy in Britain, as well asits impact on the country and its people.Lesson Objectives-To understand the historical and political context surrounding the establishment of a constitutional monarchy in Britain-To analyze the impact of the Glorious Revolution and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy on the country and its people-To evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the British constitutional monarchy system-To reflect on the relevance of the British constitutional monarchy system in modern timesTeaching Methods-Lecture: The teacher will provide a lecture on the historical and political context surrounding the establishment of aconstitutional monarchy in Britain, as well as its impact on the country and its people.-Class Discussion: Students will engage in a class discussion to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the Britishconstitutional monarchy system.-Case Study: Students will analyze a case study of a modern constitutional monarchy system and reflect on its similarities and differences with the British system.Assessment-Essay: Students will write an essay analyzing the impact of the Glorious Revolution and the establishment of a constitutionalmonarchy on the country and its people, as well as evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of the British constitutional monarchy system.-Class Participation: Students will be assessed on their participation in class discussions and case study analysis. ReflectionOverall, the lesson was successful in achieving its objectives. The lecture provided students with a thorough understanding of the historical and political context surrounding the establishment of a constitutional monarchy in Britain, as well as its impact on the country and its people. The class discussion was engaging andallowed students to express their opinions on the strengths andweaknesses of the system. The case study analysis provided students with a real-life example of a modern constitutional monarchy system, which helped them to reflect on the relevance of the British system in modern times.However, one area for improvement is the essay assessment. While the essay provided students with an opportunity to demonstrate their understanding of the lesson content, it was too heavily weighted towards evaluation and did not allow for enough reflection. Infuture lessons, it may be more effective to provide students with a reflective essay prompt that encourages them to think about the relevance of the British constitutional monarchy system in their own lives and the wider world.Overall, this lesson provides students with a comprehensive understanding of the British constitutional monarchy system and encourages them to think critically about its strengths and weaknesses. By engaging in discussion and analysis, students areable to reflect on the relevance of this system and apply their learning to modern political contexts.。
英语国家概况期末复习2
人物与历史文献USTea Act 茶税法The Treaty of Paris 巴黎公约 1783年美英两国于巴黎签订的条约同样成为《巴黎条约》，该条约的签订代表着英国承认美国独立，停止敌对行为，但仅承认美国占领密西西比河以东的土地。
第二次大陆会议 (The Second Continental Congress) 费城(Philadelphia)召开George Washington 乔治·华盛顿: commander in Continental Army«美利坚合众国宪法»（The Constitution of the United States），通称«美国联邦宪法»或«美国宪法»（U.S. Constitution） 1787年宪法Thomas Jefferson托马斯·杰斐逊:The Declaration of Independence «独立宣言»Abraham Lincoln亚伯拉罕·林肯:the Emancipation Proclamation «解放黑人奴隶宣言»Homestead Act «宅地法»Franklin D. Roosevelt富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福: The New Deal罗斯福新政1933年富兰克林·罗斯福就任美国总统后所实行的一系列经济政策，其核心是三个R：救济（Relief）、复兴（Recovery）和改革（Reform），因此有时也被称为三R新政。
Agricultural Adjustment Act «农业调整法»National Industrial Recovery Act «全国工业复兴法»«社会保障法»马丁．路德．金恩 (Martin Luther King)Civil Rights Movement 民权运动我有一个梦想 (I Have a Dream)Harry Truman哈瑞．杜鲁门:杜鲁门主义 The Truman Doctrine马歇尔计划（The Marshall Plan），也称为欧洲复兴计划European Recovery ProgramReagan里根: Star Wars Program 星球大战计划Irangate Scandal 伊朗门事件Nixon尼克松: Watergate Scandals 水门事件Bill Clinton 克林顿: Zippergate ScandalUK«大宪章»：Magna Carta / The Great Charter 1215年King John 国王约翰to impose legal limits on the King's personal power in raising money from his subjects«权力请愿书»: The Petition of Right 1628年Charles 查理一世第29页«权利法案» :Bill of Rights 第32页The treaty of Paris 1763年第32页概念搭配UK1、ConstitutionA constitution is a set of rules and conventions that lays down the powers and functions of state institutions and their relationship with each other.2、The cabinetThe major decision-making body in the government, is often associated with the office of the Prime Minister.3、Tribunal (法院，仲裁机构)A more informal and less expensive alternative to civil and criminal courts, which handles minor cases outside of the official court system.4、The Lord Chancellor（英国上议院的）大法官The Lord Chancellor is head of the judiciary (司法部，法院)in England and Wales.5、The social security systemIt is designed to secure a basic standard of living for people in financial need from the cradle to the grave.US1、Congress (国会)The legislative branch of the federal government ,is made up of the Senate and the House of Representative.2、The Supreme CourtConsists of a chief justice and eight associate justices.问答题英国部分Unit 3 P411. Who were the main foreign invaders of Britain at different times in British history? What contributions have they respectively made to the British culture, or what impacts have they had? 英国历史上不同时期主要的外国侵略者？及对英国的文化贡献或影响？P13(1)Julius Caesar 凯撒大帝(55BC) Hadrian’s Wall Words of Latin origins, Roman numbers, the solar calendar, Roman laws, and the census 人口普查['sensəs] took root locally. Christianity spread(2)Germanic tribesmen 日耳曼人 developed the Heptarchy, ['heptɑːk ɪ] 七王国；七头统治；七国连盟 established Old English(3)Anglo-Saxon盎格鲁-撒克逊 Christianity gained hold in Britain(4)Normans 诺曼人 made Norman feudalism封建主义；封建制度['fju ːdəlɪz(ə)m]2. What was the social background for the Reformation to take place in England? What major achievements did the Elizabethan [i,lizə'bi:θən] 伊丽莎白一世时代的era ['ɪərə] witness?英格兰革新的社会背景？伊丽莎白一世见证的成就？P28In the Middle Ages, the Church had gained not only material importance, but also extensive power in politics and law. ﹙P28﹚Elizabeth: Putting to rest the religious issues;Reducing the power of the old nobility;Reaching farther than before through trade and adventure;Defeating Armada at sea Cultural and artistic movements (the English Renaissance)3. How did the English Civil War break out? What were the consequencesof the war?英国内战如何爆发？结果如何？P29The absolute rule of Charles I aroused the resistance of the people and the bourgeoisies. Charles took conteraction. He wanted to arrest Pym, Hampden and three other leaders of the Commons, but he failed to do so. So, he departed for the north, hoping to find supporters in the west and north districts. Thus the Civil War began.Consequences: The King Charles’s arm was defeated. Charles I was beheaded. In 1649, the House of Lords and the office of King were abolished and a Council of State was set to carry the executive work of the government, and England was declared a Commonwealth.Unit 4 P504. What are the characteristics of the British Constitution ?英国宪法的特点？P43(1)Constitutional monarchy ['mɒnəkɪ] 君主立宪制(2)Parliamentary sovereignty ['sɒvrɪntɪ] 议会至上(3)Representative democracy 代议民主(4)The rule of law ﹝P43﹞5. What are the functions of Parliament? How does the law-making process work?议会的功能是什么？法律制定工作是如何运行的？P44(1)To legislate立法(2)To vote the taxation 征税 and expenditures [ɪk'spɛndɪtʃɚ] 支出of the government(3)To examine government policies and administration 行政(4)To debate major political issues of the day （P45）6. What is meant by the “two-party system” in the UK today? How effective is such a system ?英国两党制在今天有何意义？这种制度如何起作用？P48 The British party politics of government in the UK Parliament with power being held by either Conservative Party or Labour Party. The party which wins most MP seats in the House of Common becomes the goverment. The largest minority party becomes the official Opposition,with its own leader and "shadow cabinet".美国部分Unit 1 P1231.What are the characteristics of "Middle America", geographically,culturally, and politically?美国中部的地理、文化、政治特点？P115 Geographically, the Middle America refers to the territory between the East Coast of the United States (particularly the northeast) and the West Coast. It has yielded some of America's greatest agricultural and mineral wealth,is the heart of America.Culturally, America is contrasted with the more culturally progressive urban areas of the country, particularly, those of the East and West Coasts. The conservative values considered typical of Middle America (often called "family values" in American politics) are oftencalled "Middle American values".The idea of Middle America may exclude locations such as Chicago (the third largest city in the United States and one of the world's ten alpha cities) and very wealthy cities like Aspen, Colorado. The coastal regions of the southern United States are implicitly included.Politically, The phrase Middle American values is a political clich é; like family values, it refers to more traditional or conservative politics, although larger cities such as St. Louis, Missouri and Minneapolis, Minnesota, and major university towns such as Madison, Wisconsin, Columbia, Missouri and Lawrence, Kansas provide exceptions. Many of the political battleground states are situated in "Middle America".2.What makes the Northeast stand out as a unique cultural region?美国东北部独特的文化区域？P119the Northeast of America is densely populated and high urban, and it's the nation's economic and cultural center. Since this area was one of the two earliest settlements by British colonists, Americans tend to trace many of the nation's core values to the region. One of the region's greatest strengths in its economic competition with other regions is its long tradition of support for education. Additionally, the region has also enjoyed a long history of booming tourism industry, both for its beautiful landscape and for its significant role in shaping the early part of American history.Unit 2 P1433.What do you think of the Founding Fathers of the United States ofAmerica? Were they great ?你怎么看待美国的开国元勋？他们获得哪些伟大的成就？America has produced such great men as George Washington,Thomas Jefferson, and Abraham Lincoln. Undoubtedly, the Founding Fathers of the United States of America made great contributions to the US. All served in important positions in the early government of the United States. They also put forth a set of political ideas that became so deeply embedded in the national consciousness that they are often referred to as the "American Credo".4.What were the main reasons that made the United States the world'sleading industrial power in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?19到20世纪美国位于世界工业霸权的地位的主要原因？P128A Yankee tradition of trade and commerce that provided both the skill and the capital required for industrial expansion; a commitment to private property and the profit system that gave the Rockefellers , the Morgans , and the Carnegies the incentive to build corporate empires ; an abundant and skilled labour supply ; political institutions ......P130第一段全部5. What were the chief causes of the Great Depression? Did the New Dealsolve the problems brought about by the Depression? Why and why not?大萧条的主要原因？新政解决大萧条问题了吗？P132The chief causes can be found in the unbalanced economy both domestic and international of the twenties.The New Deal didn't solve the problem itself. The New Deal was a series economic programs to help alleviate the disastrous impact of the Great Depression. The programs focused on three aspects, including relief for the unemployed and poor, recovery of the economy to normal levels and reform the financial system to prevent a repeated depression.小测Part 1: True or False1. The United Kingdom consists of four political divisions — England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland. F Northern Ireland英国由四个政治区组成：英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰 P32. The longest river in Britain is the Thames. F the Severn英国最长的河流是赛文河 P73. In the UK, most undergraduate (bachelor’s) degrees take three years to complete. T在英国，大多数本科（学士）学位需要三年才能完成P964. The English, the Scots, and the Welsh are Anglo-Saxons, but the Irish are Celts. F只有英格兰人才能可盎格鲁—萨克逊人only The English is Anglo-Saxons P135. Social class in the UK lays more emphasis on money and property. F 英国的社会阶层更注重金钱和财产6. The name “England” derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who came to England in the 5th and 6th centuries. T“英国”的名字来自于盎格鲁，在第五和第六世纪中来到英国的日耳曼部落中的一个 P137. The Bank of England is a commercial bank. F英国银行是一家国家中央银行 the country’s central bank P678. The members of House of Lord are non-elected. T上议院的成员是非选举产生的P459. More than half of the full-time farms in the UK are devoted to livestock. T超过一半的英国全日制农场从事畜牧业P6510. The UK’s biggest-selling newspaper is The Times. F英国销量最大的报纸是太阳报 The Sun P10411. The UK Parliament comprises two elements: the House of Lord and the House of Commons. F英国议会由三个部分组成：王权、上议院和下议院 The Crown、the non-elected House of Lord and the elected House of Commons P45 12. Social Security in U.K. is mainly supported by the government.F英国的社会保障主要是由纳税机构支持的。
TheElectoralSystem英国与美国选举制度
Effects of the first-past-the-post system
• The simple first-past-the-post system of voting has an important effect on elections since it is possible in a given constituency for a candidate to be elected with only a relative majority of votes . This can, of course, only occur where there are three or more candidates, but since this is not uncommon, such results are not rare.
• Voters are provided with polling cards which direct them to specified polling stations located in different parts of the constituency. The polling stations open at 7 a.m. and close at 10 p.m.
THE LISTING
• The calling of an election – the election writ • By-elections • Nomination of candidates • Election campaigns and expenses • Corrupt practices • The parliamentary franchise • The poll • Disputed elections • Effects of the first-past-the-post system • Electoral behaviour in Britain
贝弗里奇报告中英文版
Value and Impact(价值及影
响)
Proposed the idea of building a welfare state, the British built the world's first welfare state. By the Beveridges’ Report and the model of the British welfare state, Sweden, Finland, Norway, France and Italy and other countries have also built a welfare state. 《贝弗里奇报告》的理论价值在于提出了构建福利国家的
Main Content(主要内容)
英语国家社会与文化入门名词解释
The Easter RisingIn order to gain independence, different Irish groups had been fighting against the British institutions and the British military forces. One such activity was the Easter Rising which took place in 1916. the rebels occupied Dublin’s Post Office and forced the British to take it back by military force. The leaders of the rebellion were executed by the British authorities.Sinn FeinSinn Fein is a legal political party in Northern Ireland which supports the IRA to fight for the union of Ireland. The leaders of Sinn Fein prefer union with Ireland by a twin campaign, both military and political which they call the policy of “the Bullet and the Ballot Box”. It believes that without the participation of Sinn Fein the political problem of Northern Ireland cannot be thoroughly solved.The Good Friday AgreementAs a result of multi-party negotiations, the Good Friday Agreement was approved on 10 April 1998. This agreement assures the loyalist community that Northern Ireland remains part of the United Kingdom and it won’t change its political status unless the majority of the people of Northern Ireland agree. Under the terms of the agreement, Northern Ireland should be governed by three separate jurisdictions: that of the Republic of Ireland , that of Great Britain and that of its own elected executive government of ten ministers. The Bill of Rights of 1689In 1688, King James II’s daughter Mary and her husband William were invited by the politicians and church authorities to take the throne, on condition that they would respect the right of Parliament. The Bill of Rights was passed in 1689 to ensure that the King would never be able to ignore Parliament. The House of LordsThe House of Lords consists of the Lords Spiritual, who are the Archbishops and most prominent bishops of the Church of England; and the Lords Temporal, which refers to those lords who either have inherited the seat from their forefathers or they have been appointed. The lords mainly represent themselves instead of the interests of the public.The House of CommonsThe House of Commons is the real center of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives make and debate policy. These MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of the people who vote for them.The electoral campaignsBefore a general election, the political parties would start their electoral campaigns in order to make their ideologies and polities known to the public. The campaign involves advertisements in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning, postal deliveries of leaflets and “party electoral broadcast”on the television. The parties also try to attack and criticize the opponents’ policies. Therefore, these campaigns sometimes can be quite aggressive and critical.Class system in British societyThe class system does exist in British society. Most of the British population would claim themselves to be either of middle-class or working-class, though some people would actually belong to the upper middle-class or lower middle-class. Class divisions are not simply economic, they are cultural as well. People of different classes may differ in the kind of newspapers they read, in the way they speak and in the kind of education they receive. One of the distinctive features about the British class system is that aristocratic titles can still be inherited.Ethnic relations in the UKThe coming of immigrants groups from other parts of the world has greatly enriched British culture. But ethnic relations are also sometimes tense: the local people view the newcomers as a threat to their way of living; and despite much official actions to minimize racism, both subtle and overt oppression remains. The immigrant population is not well-off economically. They face problems of unemployment, under-representation in politics and unfair treatment by police and by the justice system.Relative decline of the UKThe UK has experienced an economic decline since 1945. But this is a relative decline rather than an absolute one. Britain is wealthier and more productive than it was in 1945, but since other countries developed more rapidly, it has slid from being the second largest economy to being the sixth. Privatisation in the 1980sThe British economy went through a particularly bad period in the 1970s, with high rates of inflation and devaluation of the Pound. Therefore, in the 1980s, when the Conservative party under Margaret Thatcher was in power, an extensive programme of privatization was carried out. Many state-owned businessessuch as steel, telecom, gas, aerospace were turned into private companies. Privatisation was successful in controlling inflation but at the same time unemployment rate increased rapidly.“The City”“The City” refers to the historic area at the centre of London. It is one of the biggest financial centres in the world with the greatest concentration of banks, insurance companies and businesses dealing in commodities. At the heart of the city is the London Stock Exchange.Elizabethan DramaThe general flowering of cultural and intellectual life in Europe during the 15th and 16th centuries is know ad the Renaissance. In British culture, one of the most successful and long－lasting expressions of this development lay in drama. That was the period of the reign of Queen Elizabeth. The first professional theatre in London opened in 1576,and others followed, performing the plays of many notable playwrights, including Christopher Marlowe ,Ben Jonson and William Shakespeare.RomanticismRoughly the first third of the 19th makes up English literature’s romantic period .Writers of romantic literature are more concerned with imagination and feeling than with the power of reason.. A volume of poems called Lyrical Ballads written by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge is regarded as the romantic poetry’s’’Declaration of Independence’’. Keats, Byron and Shelley, the three great poets, brought the Romantic Movement to its height. The spirit of Romanticism also occurred in the novelModernismModernism refers to a form of literature mainly written before World War is characterized by a high degree of experimentation. It can be seen as a reaction against the 19th century of forms of Realism. Modernist writers express the difficulty they see in understanding and communicating how the world works .Often, Modernist writing seems disorganized, hard to understand. It often portrays the action from the viewpoint of a single confused individual, rather than from the viewpoint of an all－knowing impersonal narrator outside the action. One of the most famous English Modernist writers is Virginia Woolf.Comprehensive schoolsComprehensive schools are the most popular secondary schools in Britain today. Such schools admit children without reference to their academic abilities and provide a general education. Pupils can study everything from academic subjects like literature to more practical subjects like cooking. Independent schoolsIndependent schools are commonly called public schools which are actually private schools that receive their funding through the private sector and tuition rates, with some government assistance. Independent schools are not part of national education system, but the quality of instruction and standards are maintained through visits from Her Majesty’s Inspectors of Schools. These schools are restricted to the students whose parents are comparatively rich.The Open UniversityThe Open University was founded in Britain in the 1960s for people who might not get the opportunity for higher education for economic and social reasons. It’s open to everybody and does not demand the same formal educational qualifications as the other universities. University courses are followed through TV, radio, correspondence, videos and a net work of study centres. At the end of their studies at the Open University, successful students are awarded a university degree,The foundations of British foreign policyThe contemporary foreign policy of the UK is greatly influenced by its imperial history and also by its geopolitical traits. As Britain lost its empire so recently, British policy-makers frequently forget that Britain is not as influential as it used to be in world affairs. Another decisive influence upon the way Britain handles its external affairs is geopolitical attitude to Europe.The CommonwealthIn the author’s opinion, the Commonwealth is a voluntary association of states which is made up of Britain and mostly of former British colonies. There are 54 members of the Commonwealth including one currently suspended member: many of these are developing countries like India and Cyprus; other are developed nations like Australia, Canada and New Zealand. The Commonwealth was set up as a forum for continued cooperation and as a sort of support network.Quality papersThey belong to one of the categories of the national dailies. The quality papers carry more serious and in-depth articles of particular political and social importance. They also carry reviews, such as book reviews, and feature articles about high culture. These papers are also referred to as “the broadsheets” because they are printed on large-size paper. The readers of such newspapers are generally a well-educate middle class audience. TabloidsA tabloid is a small format newspaper with color photos and catchy headlines. Tabloids are interested in scandals and gossip usually about famous people. They also carry lots of crime, sports and sensational human interest stories so as to attract readers. Stories are short, easy to read and often rely more on opinions than fact. They belong to a category of national papers different from quality papers.The three traditions of Christmas in BritainThere are three Christmas traditions which are particularly British: one is the Christmas Pantomime, a comical musical play. The main male character is played by a young woman while the main female character, often an ugly woman called “the Dame,” is played by a man. Another British Christmas tradition is to hear the Queen give her Christmas massage to her realm over the television and radio. A third British tradition is Boxing Day, which falls on the day after Christmas. Traditionally, it was on Boxing Day that people gave Christmas gifts or money to their staff or servants. Now that most British people do not have servants, this custom is no longer observed. However, a new Boxing Day custom has emerged, in the cities: shopping. Shops open up to sell off al their Christmas stock decorations, food, cards and gift items at low prices.The Great FamineThe Great Famine took place from 1845-1848 when successive potato crops failed and many people of Ireland starved to death, or died of the diseases which preyed on malnutrition. Many left the country for the New World. The Great Famine became a watershed in Irish history, not merely because there was mass starvation and emigration, but also because the British government appeared to be indifferent to the fate of the poorest people in its nearest colony. Naturally this period is characterized by campaigns for national independence and land reform.The Irish parliamentThe Parliament of Ireland is comprised of two houses: the Parliament and the Senate. Government policy and administration may be examined and criticizedin both Houses ;but under the Constitution the Government is responsible to the Parliament alone.Women’s Liberation MovementInaugurated in the early 1970s, the women’s movement concentrated first on gaining control of their own fertility, demanding birth control, divorce, and the right to have an abortion if necessary. The first two goals have been achieved over a span of about twenty years, but abortion is still legally forbidden in the Republic or Ireland and is still regarded as a highly emotional topic. The second objective was to secure the right of women, and that of particularly married women, to work. Today, about half of the women of Ireland of working age hold down full-time jobs.The Irish diasporaThe Irish diaspora, as it has been called, is a scattering of Irish people across the world, usually as the result of dire conditions at home----famine, foreign domination, and poverty. As a result, Irish people can today be found in significant concentrations in many countries. In fact, it is hard to go anywhere and not find Irish people.The DreamingThe Dreaming is the belief system from ancient times that has bound indigenous groups together. The central principle of the Dreaming is that the people who live on the continent have special responsibilities to the land. The people don’t own the land, instead the land owns the people. The stories of the Dreaming provide principles of how people should live and interact with each other. They also provide knowledge of the land so that the indigenous people can survive in the life-threatening environment.Terra NulliusTerra Nullius is from Latin. It means a land that owned by no one. The British declared the Australian continent Terra Nullius to justify their invasion of the indigenous people’s land. It served to legitimize their taking possession of the land and devalue the indigenous people as uncivilized and not fully human.The policy of assimilationThe policy of assimilation was implemented at the beginning of the 20th century. It was founded on the belief that the white culture was progressive and superior while the indigenous culture was inferior. To implement the policy, indigenous children were taken away from their parents to be put into protected reserves, whose purpose was to destroy the culture of the Dreaming and replace it with Christianity. The impact grew up losing both their families and culture. In nature, it is the extension of the policy of segregation.The “Washminister” form of policyThe “Washminister” form of policy is adopted by the Australian government. It is a mixture of the US Washington system of government and the British Westminster system. This means that the political structure of the government is based on a Federation of States with a three-tier system of government. However, the chief executive is a Prime Minister, instead of a President as in the US system.MulticulturalismMulticulturalism was adopted in 1973. It was comprised of 3 areas of policy: Cultural Identity, which means the right to express and share one’s cultural heritage; Social Justice, to right to equal treatment and opportunity; and Economic Efficiency, the need to maintain and develop the skills of all Australians regardless of their backgrounds.The White Australia PolicyThe White Australia Policy was officially adopted by the Commonwealth of Australian in 1901, in the Immigration Restriction Act. It was made to stop Chinese and other non-British migrants from entering and settling down in Australia. This was mainly achieved through a diction test in a European language. The White Australia Policy was officially abolished in 1973.。
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•Introduced the Constitutions of Clarendon, which placed limitations on the Church’s jurisdiction over crimes committed by priests. Trial by jury •Longstanding regional peculiarities in legal custom gave way to a uniform royal law •Erected the basic framework of a new legal system to be adapted and expanded
May 30th, 2009
A Report on British Culture for English Minors
Contents
Introduction: • General view of present British institutions Body: • The early English Constitutional History • What we have found • Emergence and development of Whig and Tory • Party system in the 20th century with Labor • Social bases of parties and the electoral system Conclusion & Outlook:
A Report on British Culture for English Minors
A Research on the British Party System its Emergence, Development, Outlook…
by： A presentation by：Idearat
joint sovereigns of England
1653-1658
English Bill of Rights
1660-1688
Titled: An Act ring the Rights and Liberties of the Subject and Settling the
King John signing the Magna Carta
A Report on British Culture for English Minors
The Early English Constitutional History 2/3 The earliest Parliament (1265)
The Petition of Right(1628) • Charles I was forced to call Parliament into session because of shortages of money
•Parliament voted the king supplies and made him to accept Petition of Right •Charles’ duplicity led to the dissolution of Parliament for 11 years It was the king’s need for money, which largely conditioned his policies. Concessions were granted to the commons in recognition of their power to grant subsidies.
•No free man shall be taken or imprisoned or disseised or outlawed or exiled or in any way ruined, nor will we go or send against him, except by the lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land. •To no one will we sell, to no one will we deny or delay right or justice.
The deposition of Edward II (1327)
•The formalities of the royal deposition were carried out in a parliament •A constitutional means of justifying the removal of a king who doesn’t abide by customary laws and the community’s will.
A Report on British Culture for English Minors
The Early English Constitutional History 3/3
1642-1648
Civil War between the king (royalists) and Parliament (parliamentarians) ended with the beheading of Charles Glorious Revolution Britain saw its last military dictator, Oliver Cromwell’s republic Also known as the English Interregnum The era of Restoration: Charles II (The House of Stuart) returned Britain to assume thrones William & Mary as
The Westminster System Her Majesty's Government Cabinet •The leader of the party with most seats in the House of Commons is chosen to be the Prime Minister. •The Prime Minister then selects the other Ministers from Parliament… The Labor Party Her Majesty's Opposition Shadow Cabinet •The party with the second highest number of supporters is called the Opposition. •Supervsing the government and preparing for taking over power The Conservative Party
•The executive power must proceed by recognized legal process, never unlawfully, when taking action against an individual. •No one is above the law, however high his or her status, a concept capable of evolving into the principle of equality under the law.
A Report on British Culture for English Minors
The issuing of Magna Carta (Great Charter) in 1215 His conflicts with the King Augustus, Pope Innocent III and the English barons ended in failure for John.
First Past the Post electoral system
A Report on British Culture for English Minors
The Early English Constitutional History
1/3
William I the Conqueror and the Normans brought feudalism to England Legal reforms by Henry II (1154-1189) Father of the English Common Law
Executive Power
Judicial Power
Parliament
•House of Lords Hereditary/life peers •House of Commons Elected by the public
Cabinet
•Prime Minister Head of government •Ministers •Unitary VS Devolution
Richard I, the Lion-hearted became King of England (1189-1199) The issuing of Magna Carta (Great Charter) in 1215
As the influential Victorian historian William Stubbs wrote, The whole of the constitutional history of England is little more than a commentary on Magna Carta.
A Report on British Culture for English Minors
British Institutions