Food Price Surges In China
猪肉涨价的看法作文英语
猪肉涨价的看法作文英语Title: Understanding the Price Surge in Pork: An Analytical Discourse。
Introduction:The recent surge in pork prices has sparked widespread concern and debate among consumers, economists, and policymakers alike. This essay aims to delve into the underlying factors contributing to the rise in pork prices and to offer a comprehensive analysis of this phenomenon.Factors Contributing to the Price Surge:Several interconnected factors have contributed to the recent surge in pork prices:1. Supply and Demand Dynamics:The fundamental principle of supply and demand playsa crucial role in determining prices in any market, including the pork industry. In recent years, an outbreak of African Swine Fever (ASF) has decimated pig populations in various countries, including China, the world's largest consumer of pork. This significant reduction in the pig population has led to a supply shortage, driving up pork prices globally.2. Production Costs:Another factor influencing pork prices is the cost of production. Rising feed prices, including corn and soybeans, which are essential components of pig feed, have increased the overall cost of raising pigs. Additionally, labor costs, energy prices, and transportation expenses contribute to the cost of production, thereby impacting pork prices.3. Trade Policies and Tariffs:Trade policies and tariffs imposed by governments also affect pork prices. Trade tensions between major pork-producing countries, such as the United States and China, have resulted in retaliatory tariffs on pork products. These tariffs disrupt trade flows, leading to market uncertainty and potential price fluctuations.4. Consumer Preferences and Behavior:Changes in consumer preferences and behavior also influence pork prices. For instance, an increasing demand for pork products, particularly in emerging economies with growing middle-class populations, can exert upward pressure on prices. Moreover, factors such as health concerns, environmental awareness, and dietary shifts towards alternative protein sources may impact pork consumption patterns, thereby affecting prices.Impact and Implications:The surge in pork prices has significant implications for various stakeholders:1. Consumers:Rising pork prices can strain household budgets, particularly for low and middle-income consumers who rely heavily on pork as a staple food source. Additionally, higher pork prices may lead consumers to seek alternative protein sources or adjust their consumption patterns, potentially affecting overall dietary habits.2. Producers:While higher pork prices may benefit pork producers in the short term by increasing revenues, they also face challenges such as increased input costs and market volatility. Moreover, small-scale farmers and producers may struggle to cope with rising costs, potentially leading to farm closures and consolidation within the industry.3. Government and Policymakers:Governments and policymakers play a crucial role in mitigating the impact of rising pork prices. Measures such as subsidies for pig farmers, trade agreements tofacilitate pork exports and imports, and investments in disease prevention and control can help stabilize pork prices and ensure food security.Conclusion:In conclusion, the surge in pork prices is a complex phenomenon driven by various factors, including supply and demand dynamics, production costs, trade policies, and consumer behavior. Understanding these factors is essential for policymakers, producers, and consumers to navigate the challenges posed by fluctuating pork prices and to develop sustainable solutions to ensure food security and affordability in the pork industry.。
预制菜产业的机遇和挑战分析——基于食品安全和食品营养视角
预制菜产业的机遇和挑战分析——基于食品安全和食品营养视角谢 晶，黄玉坤，张广峰，赖 朋，陈 晟*（西华大学 食品与生物工程学院，四川成都 610039）摘 要：本文介绍了我国预制菜产业面临的机遇及在消费者接受度方面遇到的挑战。
从食品安全、食品营养两个方面，分析了预制菜的优势和劣势。
从食品工程伦理的角度，阐述了预制菜产业尊重消费者的知情权、选择权的义务。
针对预制菜产业的健康发展提出加快国家标准建设、加强风险沟通、改进加工技术以及加强监管和引导的措施。
关键词：预制菜；食品营养；食品安全；风险沟通；消费者知情权Analysis of Opportunities and Challenges in the PreparedVegetable Industry——Based on Food Safety and Food Nutrition PerspectivesXIE Jing, HUANG Yukun, ZHANG Guangfeng, LAI Peng, CHEN Sheng*(School of Food and Bio-Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China) Abstract: This article introduces the opportunities of China’s prefabricated dishes industry and the challenges encountered in consumer acceptance. The advantages and disadvantages of prefabricated vegetables were analyzed from two aspects of food safety and food nutrition. From the perspective of food engineering ethics, the obligation of the prefabricated dishes industry to respect consumers’ right to know and choose is expounded. Measures are proposed to accelerate the construction of national standards, strengthen risk communication, improve processing technology, and strengthen supervision and guidance for the healthy development of the prefabricated vegetable industry.Keywords: prefabricated dishes; food nutrition; food safety; risk communication; consumers’ right to know预制菜产业发展前景广阔，是当前食品行业的研究热点，得到了企业、科研机构、政府相关部门的高度重视。
中国出口商品英语词汇
中国出口商品英语词汇粮油食品类 cereals,oils and foodstuffs化工产品类 chemical products土畜产类 native produce &animal by-products 机械产品类 machinery products纺织丝绸类 textiles and silks仪器产品类 instrumental products轻工业产品类 light industrial products五金矿产类 metals & minerals工艺品类 arts and crafts技术出口类 technology exports医药类 medicines and drugs粮油食品类粮谷(cereals)肉食(meats)蛋品(eggs and egg products)豆类(beans and peas)水果(fruits)蔬菜(vegetables)油籽(oilseeds)罐头(canned goods)酒(wines,beers and liquors)油品(oils)软饮料(soft drinks)糖果(confectioneries)糖(sugar)饼干(biscuits)奶制品(dairy product)米制品(rice product)面制品(flour product)方便食品(convenient foods)花生制品(groundnut products)调味品(condiments)盐(salts)杂项食品(miscellaneos products)饲料(feedstuffs)土畜产品土产品（native products）工业原料（industrial raw materials）畜产制品（animal by-products）纺织丝绸类原料类（raw materials）半成品（semi-manufactured goods）成品（manufactured goods）轻工业产品类日用百货（general merchandise）鞋（footwears）塑料制品（plastic articles）箱包及皮件（suitcase,bags and leather products）纸张（paper）纸制品（paper products）文教用品（stationery）体育用品（sports goods）西洋乐器（western musical instruments）中国民族乐器（chinese musical instruments）玩具（toys）照相及电影器材（photographic and cinemato graphic supplies）家用电器（household electrieal appliance）建筑材料（building materials）玻璃器皿（glasswares）厨具（kitchen wares）工艺品类玉制品（jade products)珠玉等（percious stones,etc)手袋（handbag)手套（gloves)帽（headwears)伞（umbrella)家具（furnitures)瓷器（porcelain wares)编织品（weaved and knited products)扇（fan)画（painting and picture)工艺品（arts and crafts)机械类产品机床（machines tools）动力机械及设备（power machines and equipments）轻纺机械（machinery for light industry and textile industry）石油化工机械（petro—chemical machinery）印刷机械（machinery for printing industry）粮食加工机械（cereals processing machines）食品加工机械（foodstuff making machines）成套工业设备（complete industrial equipments）运输机械（transport machinery）拖拉机及辅助设备（tractors and auxiliary equipments）其它农业机械（other and agricultural machines）工具和农具（tools and agricultural implements）杂项机械（miscellaneous machinery）仪器产品类光学仪器（optical instruments)电子仪器（electronic instruments)分析仪器（analytical instruments)通讯设备（communication equipments)仪器仪表和电子元件（nuclear instruments and computers) 核子仪器和计算机（nuclear instruments and computers) 实验室仪器（laboratory instruments)医疗仪器（medical instruments)化工仪器及其它（chemical apparatus and others)自动化控制仪表（automation control instruments)电工仪表（electric instruments)材料试验机（material testing machines)示教仪器（educational instruments and equipments)其它仪器（other instruments)五金矿产类非金属矿产品和制品<（non-metallic minerals & products) 建筑五金及制品（building harware&metal products)耐火材料(refractory material)铸铁制品（cast iron products)非金属建筑材料(non-metallic building materials)铜、铝制品（brass,copper&aluminium product)有色金属（non-ferrous metals)技术出口类生产技术（technology for producing)研究、方法（research method)材料（materials)其它（others)成套设备和技术装置（complete sets&equipments)新工艺和生产线（new process&production line)医药类药材（crude drugs)西药（western medicines)中国医药保健品（chinese medicines&health produts)化工产品类原油及石油产品（crude oil&petroleum products)橡胶及橡胶制品、乳胶制品（rubber&rubber products,latex products)无机化工原料（inorganic chemicals)化学试剂（chemical reagents)有机化工原料（organic chemicals)其它产品（miscellaneous products)染料、颜料、油漆、油墨、农药、塑料（dyestuffs pigments paints printing inks pesticides plastics)。
食品专业英语词汇
食品专业英语化学品/农药残留物检测系统- Chemical/pesticide residue testing;外界污染源勘测仪器- Detection of foreign contaminating objects;实验室设备和传感器- Laboratory equipment and sensors;射线杀菌和巴氏杀菌消毒技术- Irradiation sterilization and pasteurization technology; 超高温杀菌设备- Over-temperature sterilization equipment;冷冻速冻设备- Freezing and deep freezing equipment;超临界萃取设备- Over-critical extraction equipment;膜分离设备- Velum seperation equipment;分子蒸馏设备- Molecule distillation equipment;无菌（真空）包装设备- Vacuum packaging equipment;化学品分析仪器- Chemical analyzers;食品成分分析仪器- Constituent analyzers;过滤设备- Filtration equipment;食品预处理设备- Food preparation equipment;湿度控制仪器- Humidity control equipment;食品配料分析仪器- Ingredient analyzers;污染控制设备- Pollution control equipment;离析器- Separators;饮业清洁设备- Catering sanitizers;温度纪录仪器- Temperature recording equipment;检测设备- Testing equipment;废物处理设备- Waste disposal equipment;水质量分析和控制设备- Water quality analysis and control equipment;气相／液相色谱仪- Gas/Liquid chromatogram apparatus.溶剂- Solvents;餐饮业厨房用地板- Kitchen flooring for catering;手套- Gloves;清洁剂- Cleanser;试纸、试剂- Test paper and reagent.审核和认证服务- Auditing and certification;数据库和软件服务- Databanks and software on regulatory issues;实验室食品分析服务- Food analysis laboratory services;咨询服务- Consulting services;食品质量控制管理服务- Food quality control management services;食品安全管理服务- Food safety management services;食品卫生管理服务- Food hygiene management services;HACCP和BRC培训服务- HACCP & BRC training services;微生物检测和认证服务- Microbiology testing and identification services;专家咨询服务- Regulatory experts services;食品安全保障技术- Food safety guarantee technology;生物工程技术- Biology engineering technology食品安全Food Safety食品防御安全Food SecurityEEC serial No.欧共体（食品添加剂）顺序号EFEMA(European Food Emulsifer Manufacturers Association) 欧洲食品乳化剂制造者协会encapsulating agent for food additives and vitamins 食品添加剂和维生素用包囊剂engineering food 工程食品enrich （食品）增补（营养素），强化；富集，浓缩；加料enriched food 强化（营养素）食品Expert Committee on Food Additive 食品添加剂专家委员会extruded food 挤压食品Fabricated food 合成食品，组合食品FAC(Food Advisory Committee) (英国)食品咨询委员会fad food 应时食品FAO/WHO Joint Committee of Alimentary Codex(CA-C) FAO/WHO食品卫生法规联合委员会FAP(Food Additive Petition)(U.S.) 食品添加剂申请书FAS（Food Additives Seriser）食品添加剂丛书FASS(Food Additives and Comtaminants Committee) (英国)食品添加剂及污染物委员会FCC(Food Chemicals Codex) 食品用化学品法规，食品用化学品法典FD&C (Food,Drug and Cosmetic Act) 食品、药物及化妆品条例（法）FDA 美国食品与药物管理局；美国FDAFDA(U.S.Food and Drug Adinistration) 美国食品与药物管理局FDD(Food and Drug Directorate) 食品和药物理事会fecala [由葛根、木薯等植物淀粉制成的食品]Federal Food Drugs and Cosmetic Act 联邦食品药品化妆品法(美国)Federal food standards （美国）联邦食品标准Federal Food,Drug,and Cosmetic Act(FFDCA) 联邦食品、药物和化妆品条例（法）fermentating food 发酵食品，酿造食品fermented goods 发酵制品，发酵食品FFDCA(Federal Food , Drug ,and Cosmetic Act) 联邦食品、药物和化妆品条例（法）FG(food grade) 食品级FIA(Food Ingredients Asia) 亚洲食品配料展览会FIC(Food Ingredients China) 中国食品配料展览会FIE(Food Ingredients Europe) 欧洲食品配料展览会finished food 制成的食品FISA(Food Ingradients of South American) 南美食品配料展览会flavology （食品）风味学flavor food 风味食品flavor industry 食品香料工业，调味料工业flavor-dependent food 依赖香精的食品；与香味有关的食品flavor-independent food 不依赖香精的食品；与香味无关的食品flavorings 食品香精[表示多数]flavour aditive 香味添加剂，食品香精添加剂flavour adjunct 食品香精辅助物flavouring foods 调味食品flavouring industry 食品香料香精工业flavouring matter 食品香料FMF(Food Manufacturer’s Federation(London)) (伦敦)食品制造商联合会FNP(Food and Nutrition Paper) （联合国粮农组织）食品与营养文集FNS(Food and Nutrition Serise) （联合国粮农组织）食品与营养丛书fold flavor 浓缩过的食品香精(香料)food 食品，食物，粮食，养料food additive 食品添加剂Food Additive Petition (U.S.) (FAP) 食品添加剂申请书food additives 食品添加剂Food Additives Amendment 食品添加剂修正案Food Additives Series(FAS) 食品添加剂丛书food adjunct 食品助剂food adulteration 食品掺假Food Advisory Committee(FAC) 食品咨询委员会food allergy 食品过敏food analysis 食品分析Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of U.S. 美国食品与药物管理局Food and Drug Administration(U.S.)(FDA) 美国食品与药物管理局Food and Nutrition Board(FNB) 食品与营养委员会Food and Nutrition Paper(FNP) （联合国粮农组织）食品与营养文集Food and Nutrition Series(FNS) （联合国粮农组织）食品与营养丛书food antiseptics 食品防腐剂food chemicals 食品用化学品Food Chemicals Codex Committee 食品用化学品法典（规）委员会Food Chemicals Codex(FCC) 售用化学品法典；食品用化学品法规food chemistry 食品化学food color 食品（用）色素food constituent 食品成分food contamination 食品污染food control 食品质量控制，食品质量检查food distribution center （美）食品分销中心，批发站food dye 食品（用）色素food engineer 食品工程师food engineering 食品工程（学）food enricher 食品强化剂food factory 食品厂food fermentation 食品发酵food flavour 食品香味；食品香精，食品香料；食品调味料food flavouring 食用调味料，调味品，食品香精food fortification 食品强化food fortifier 食品强化剂food grade mineral oil 食品级矿物油food grade(FG) 食品级food green S 食品绿Sfood handling 食品加工food hygiene 食品卫生学food hygiene law 食品卫生法food hygienic quality detection 食品卫生质量鉴定food industry 食品工业food infection 食品（带菌）传染food ingredient 食品成分，食品配料Food Ingredients Asia(FIA) 亚洲食品配料展览会Food Ingredients China(FIC) 中国食品配料展览会Food Ingredients Europe(FIE) 欧洲食品配料展览会Food Ingredients of South American(FISA) 南美食品配料展览会food inspection 食品检验food inspection rules 食品卫生检验规则food irrdiation 食物照射，食品辐照food labelling 食品标志food laws 食品法规food legislation 食品立法food microbiology 食品微生物学food nutrition 食品营养food of animal origin 动物性食品food of plant orgin 植物性食品food packaged 食品包装food packing 食品包装food preservation 食品保藏food preservative 食品保存剂，食品防腐剂food processing 食品加工；食品热杀菌food processing aide 食品加工助剂food processing industry 食品加工工业food processing plant 食品加工厂food product 食物产品，食品food products regulations 食品法规food regulation 食品法规food requirements 对食品的需要food safety 食品安全性Food Safety and Quality Service(FSQS) 食品安全与质量管理处Food Safety Council of U.S. 美国食品安全性协会Food Safey and Inspeciton Service (FSIS) 食品安全检验处food sanitation law 食品卫生法规food science 食品科学food spoilage 食物腐败，食品败坏food stability 食品稳定性，食品耐贮性food stamp 食品券food standard 食品标准food standard committee 食品标准委员会food starch, modified 食品用改性淀粉food starch, unmodified 食品用未改性淀粉food sterilization equipment 食品杀菌设备food storage 食品贮存food substance 食品food supervisions 食品卫生监督food supplement 食品增补剂food supplementation 食品增补food surveillance 食品监督gelled foodstuff 凝胶食品generally recognized as safe(GRAS) （食品添加剂的）公认安全，一般认为安全genetically modified food,GMF 转基因食品geriatric food 老年食品GM food (genetically modified food) 转基因食品gourmet food 鲜美食品，珍贵食品grading food quality 食品质量分级GRAS(generally recognized as safe) （食品添加剂的）公认安全，一般认为安全green food 绿色食品grocery 食品杂货；食品杂货店；小酒馆Health food 健康食品，保健食品Health Ingredients Europe(HIE) 欧洲健康（保健）食品配料展览会health-care food 保健食品heat-and-eat food pack 加热即食的包装食品，快速食品heat-and-eat frozen food 加热即食的冷冻食品，速冻快速食品HIE(Health Ingredients Europe) 欧洲健康（保健）食品配料展览会hyposite 低热量食品ICMSF 国际食品微生物标准鉴定委员会；ICMSFIFAC(International Food Additives Council) 国际食品添加剂委员会IFIS(Iternational Food Information Service) 国际食品咨询服务处IFMA(International Food Manufacture Association) 国际食品制造者协会IFST(Institute of Food Science and Technology) 食品科学与工艺学学会IFT(Institute of Food Technologists) 食品工艺学家学会[美]indicator of food hygiene quality 食品卫生质量指标indirect food additive 间接食品添加剂infant food 婴儿食品infant formula 婴儿配制食品INFD(International Network of Food Data) 国际食品数据网inflight meal 航空食品，飞机内用的便餐，机内客饭INS(International Numbering System) 国际编码系统[联合国食品法典委员会] inspector of food hygiene 食品卫生监督员instant food 即食品instantizer 速溶剂；速溶机；速溶食品生产设备Institute of Food Technologists(IFT) 食品工艺学家学会[美]intentional food additive 有意食品添加剂，故意（加入的）食品添加剂intermediate-moisture foods 中等水分食品International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods of IAMS 国际食品微生物标准鉴定委员会；ICMSFInternational Food Additives Council (IFAC) 国际食品添加剂委员会International Food Information Service(IFIS) 国际食品咨询服务处International Food Manufacture Association(IFMA) 国际食品制造者协会International Network of Food Data (INFD) 国际食品数据网International Uion of Food Science and Technology(IUFOST) 国际食品科学技术协会International Union of Food Science andTechnology 国际食品工艺学联合会；IUFOST International Union of Food Workers (IUF)International Union of 国际食品工作者联合会invalid food 疗效食品，病人食品irradiated food 照射食品，辐照食品irradiated product 照射（杀菌）食品irradiation 辐射，照射；食品照射保藏法isolate flavor 单离食品香料IUF(International Union of Food Workers ) 国际食品工作者联合会IUFOST 国际食品工艺学联合会；IUFOSTIUFOST(International Uion of Food Workers) 国际食品科学技术协会Japan Food Additives Associatiion(JFAA) 日本食品添加剂协会Japanese Standard of Food Additives(JSFA) 日本食品添加剂标准JECFA FAO/WHO 食品添加剂专家联合委员会；JECFAJECFA(Jonint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives) FAO/WHO 食品添加剂联合专家委员会jecorize （食品的）鱼肝油（增补）化，外加鱼肝油JFAA(Japan Food Additives Associtatioin) 日本食品添加剂协会JFCMP(Jonit FAO/WHO Food Contamination Monitoring Programme) FAO/WHO联合食品污染监控计划Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives FAO/WHO 食品添加剂专家联合委员会；JECFAJoint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives(JECFA) FWO/WHO食品添加剂联合专家委员会Joint FAO/WHO Food Contamination Monitoring Programme(JFCMP) FAO/WHO联合食品污染监控计划JSFA(Japanese Standard of Food Additives) 日本食品添加剂标准junior food 幼儿食品junket 凝乳食品Junket dessert 乳酪食品kasher 犹太食品lacquers 漆；（食品容器的）涂料；罐头涂料lasting food 防腐食品，耐入存的食品leavened food 发酵食品，膨发食品low acid foods 低酸性食品[pH在4.6以上的食品]low calorie food 低热量（能量）食品low-fat food 低脂（肪）食品low-fat spread 低脂（肪）涂抹食品lubricating oil for food machine 食品工业用机械润滑油management of food hygiene 食品卫生管理marine food 海产食品，海味marine food 海产食品，海味microwaveable food 微波食品milk substitute 代乳食品minimally processed foods 最少加工食品modified food starch 改性食品用淀粉National Canners Association (NCA) (美国)罐头食品协会National Nutritonal Foods Association(NNFA) （美国）全国营养食品协会NCA(national Canners Association) （美国）罐头食品协会negative list （食品添加剂）禁止使用的一览表；否决单neutraceutical [具有预防疾病性质的一类食品添加剂，如β-胡萝卜素] niacytin 结合烟酸，烟酸与糖的络合物[由烟酸与食品中的某些成分结合而成] NNFA(National Nutritional Foods Association) (美国)全国营养食品协会novel food 新颖食品nutritive 营养的，滋养的，食品的，食物的objectionable constituent （食品中）有害成分olderly food 老年人食品pabulum 食粮，食品，饲料packing 充填物；食品加工业；填充；填料parkelp 褐藻类（制）食品pastry 焙烤（面制）食品，发面点心，面制糕点perishable 易腐的，易坏的；易腐食品；易腐货载perishable food 易腐食品pet food 宠物食品，玩赏动物食品phenylalanine-free food 无苯丙氨酸食品physical hazards, food-related 与食品有关的物理危害pickle 腌菜，泡菜；腌制食品pickled food 腌渍食品picnic 野餐，各人自带食品的聚餐；猪前腿（肉）PL(positive list) (食品添加剂的)准许使用名单positive list(PL) （食品添加剂的）准话使用名单pouch food （小）袋装食品prepared food 预制食品，速煮食品，方便食品，预加工食品preserved food 罐头食品processed cheese food 加工干酪食品；加工干酪制品processed food 加工食品protection food 合格食品，符合质量要求的食品protective food 保健食品puffed food 膨化食品quick-cooking good 速煮食品quick-frozen food 速冻食品quick-serve meal 快餐食品radiated food 辐射食品radicidation 辐射杀菌，辐射灭菌，针对性的杀菌；食品的低剂量射线处理ready-to-eat 方便食品，即食食品，速煮食品ready-to-eat product 方便食品ready-to-eat-meal 快餐食品，方便食品，现成食品ready-to-serve food 速煮食品recombined food 调制食品，重组食品recommended program of food safety evaluation 食品安全性评价程序建议reconstitution 复原，还原，冲调，复水；浓缩食品稀释至初始浓度Red book 红皮书[指美国FDA1982年出版的食品添加剂安全评价的毒物学原则一书] reformed food 改制食品regulatory status 食品法规管理restructured food 重组食品retorted foods 杀菌（袋装）食品，（高压）蒸煮袋食品SAA(The Soyfoods Association of America) 美国大豆食品协会satchel 纸袋，袋装食品[主要指糖果]SCF(European Scientific Committee on Food) （欧洲）食品员会Scientific Committee for Food (欧洲)食品科学委员会semimoist foods 半（湿）食品set milk 凝乳食品sitology 食品学，营养学smoke foods 烟熏食品snack food 小吃食品；休闲食品；零食；快餐食品snack foods 小食品sorption curve 吸收曲线[食品中水分和活性水分之相关曲线]soyfoods 大豆食品space dood 航天食品special used food 特殊用途食品special-purpose food 专用食品specific foods 特种食品standard of food hygiene 食品卫生标准standardized foods 标准化食品sterilized food 灭菌食品synergist and solubilizer for antioxidants and flavours 抗氧化剂和食品香味料的增效剂和增溶剂tannins(food grade) 食品级单宁technical rule of food hygiene 食品卫生技术规范textureizing agent （食品）增稠剂；质地形成剂texturometer （食品）稠度测定仪The Soyfoods Association of America(SAA) 美国大豆食品协会therapeutical food 疗效（性）食品ticbit 珍品，美味食品traditional food 传统食品U.S.Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 美国食品和药品管理局U.S.RDA(U.S.Recommended Daily Allowances) (美国食品和药品管理局)推荐的每日营养素供给量（标准）U.S.Recommended Daily Allowances(U.S.RDA) (美国食品和药品管理局)推荐的每日营养素供给量（标准）unintentional food additive 无意食品添加剂，非故意（加入的）食品添加剂，意外的食品添加剂United States Food and Drug Administration 美国食品与药物管理局；美国FDA untraceuticals 保健食品victual 食品，食物，粮食，饮食vitvers 食品，食物weaning food 断奶食品，离乳食品WFC(World Food Council) 世界食品署WFC(World Food Council) 世界食品署WFP(World Food Programme) 世界食品规划white oil for food-machinery 食品机械用白油wholesome 卫生的，有益健康的（食品）World Food Programme (WFP) 世界食品规划Oysters 牡蜊Mussels 蚌类、黑色、椭圆形、没壳的是淡菜Crab 螃蟹Prawn 虾clams 蛤蚌scallops扇贝(小)Crab stick 蟹肉条Peeled Prawns 虾仁King Prawns 大虾Tiger Prawns 虎虾Whelks Tops 小螺肉Shrimps 基围虾Cockles 小贝肉Lobster 龙虾花椒粉Paprika powder孜然粉Cumin powder姜粉Ginger powder麻椒粉Spicy hot powder去皮姜块Peeled Ginger Pieces月桂粉Cassia powder香味粉Bay Leaves powder胡萝卜粉Carrot granules丁香粉Ground Cloves powder葱片Shallot flakes蒜粉Garlic powder甜椒粉Sweet chilli powder黑胡椒粉Black Pepper Powder甜青椒sweet green chilli powder白胡椒粉White pepper powder香葱粉Shallot powder洋葱粉Onion Powder菠菜粉Spinach powder辣椒粉Chilli powder芹菜粉Celery powder五香粉Five Spices Powder芥茉粉Mustard powder咖喱粉Curry powder百里香粉Herbs powder八角粉(大料) Star Aniseed powder当归Angelic香菇粉Fungus powder芹菜粒Celery granules桂皮粉Cinnamon Powder牛肉粒Beef granules茴香粉Fennel powder南瓜粒Squash powder甘草粉Licorice powder人参粉Panax powder砂仁粉Amomum Powder黑胡椒碎Black pepper broken三奈粉Couidium officinale复合芥茉粉Mixed mustard power沙姜粉Sand ginger powder肉寇(玉果粉) Cardemon姜黄粉Turmeric powder白豆蔻粉White nutmeg powde红豆蔻粉Red nutmeg powder草莓粉Strawberry powder肉不同部位的英文翻译一、腰腹部分(质嫩)：适合炒肉片,火锅——Tenderloin (Short loin) 里脊............. (脊骨内侧(腹侧)条肉) Porterhouse(Short loin) 里脊,外脊........ (臀腰部脊骨背侧肉) T Bone ... (Short loin) 里脊,外脊........ (胸腰部脊骨背侧肉) Strip loin (Short loin) 嫩腰(诈称里脊) ... (二侧腰肉)Rib eye ......... (Rib) 上脑,外脊(诈称里脊)(胸部背脊肉,略肥) Top Sirloin . (Sirloin) 米龙(诈称里脊) ... (盆骨后肌,近腰臀肉) Tir-tip ..... (Sirloin) 三岔肉 ........... (盆骨前肌,近腹腿肉) Hanger ........ (Flank) 牛腩............. (胸腹隔肌)Flank, Skirt .. (Flank) 牛腩,腰窝........ (下腹肌)二、后腿部分（较老,瘦）：适合:烤,酱,卤——Rump ......... (Round) 后腿,仔盖,臀尖... (近腿臀肉)Sirloin tip .. (Round) 后腿,粗和尚头.... (大腿前伸肌)Eye round .... (Round) 后腿,榔头肉...... (大腿肚内芯)Top Round .... (Round) 后腿,底板肉...... (大腿肚)Bottom Round . (Round) 后腿,黄瓜肉,腱子肉(大腿肚近膝) 三、肩胸(前腿) 部分(质老,略肥)：适合:炖,红烧,酱,卤——Blade .... (Chuck eye) 上脑,前烧. (近頸脊背肉,质较嫩)7 Bone ....... (Chuck) 前烧,牛肩肉(肩背肉)Shouder ...... (Chuck) 前烧,牛肩肉(肩臂肉)四、肘子, 胸口(质极老) ：适合:炖,红烧,酱,卤——Shank ... 肘子,蹄胖,牛腱子. (前后小腿,瘦)Plate ... 弓扣,牛筋肉,牛腩 . (上腹肌,瘦)Brisket . 胸口,奶脯,牛筋肉. (胸脯肉,肥)品质、生产名称类词汇QC quality control||品质管理人员FQC final quality control||终点品质管制人员IPQC in process quality control||制程中的品质管制人员OQC output quality control||最终出货品质管制人员IQC incoming quality control||进料品质管制人员TQC total quality control||全面质量管理POC passage quality control||段检人员QA quality assurance||质量保证人员OQA output quality assurance||出货质量保证人员QE quality engineering||品质工程人员品质保证类：FAI first article inspection||新品首件检查FAA first article assurance||首件确认TVR tool verification report||模具确认报告3B 3B||模具正式投产前确认CP capability index||能力指数CPK capability index of process||模具制程能力参数SSQA standardized supplier quality||合格供应商品质评估OOBA out of box audit||开箱检查QFD quality function deployment||品质机能展开FMEA failure model effectiveness analysis||失效模式分析8 disciplines 8||项回复内容FA final audit||最后一次稽核CAR corrective action request||改正行动要求corrective action report||改正行动报告常用仪器的英语YAMATO科学仪器-Scientific-Instruments恒温·干燥器/恒温恒湿器Drying Ovens/Humidity Chambers送风定温恒温器Forced Convection Constant Temperature Ovens 惰性气体恒温器Inert Gas Ovens洁净烘箱（洁净干燥箱）Clean Ovens送风定温干燥器Forced Convection Constant Temperature Drying Ovens 空气幕送风定温恒温器Forced Convection Ovens With Air Curtain定温干燥箱Constant Temperature Drying Ovens角形真空定温干燥器Vacuum Drying Ovens恒温恒湿器Constant Temperature and Humidity Chambers流水线设备In-Line System for Underfill Adhesive and Encapsulation干燥架drying rack恒温培养器Constant Temperature Incubators可程式低温培养器Low Temperature Program Type Incubators低温培养器Low Temperature Incubators低温稳定性培养器Low Temperature Stability Incubators培养器IncubatorsCO2培养器CO2 Incubators振荡培养器Shaking Incubators冻结干燥器Freeze Dryers---冻结干燥器Freeze Dryers离心形冻结干燥器Centrifugal Freeze Dryers灭菌器Sterilizers---干热灭菌器Drying Sterilizers高压灭菌器Autoclaves Sterilizers低温等离子灭菌器Low Temperature Plasma Sterilizers环形燃烧管灭菌器Loop Cinerator纯水制造装置Water Purifiers---纯水制造装置Water Stills超纯水制造装置Ultra-pure Water Purifiers简易纯水制造装置Water Purifiers超纯水制造装置系统Ultra-pure Water Purifier System大容量纯水制造装置Water Purifiers System洗净器Washers---实验室玻璃器皿清洗机Laboratory Glassware Washers超声波清洗机Ultrasonic Cleaners大型超声波清洗机Aqueous Ultrasonic Cleaning Systems超声波试管清洗机Ultrasonic Pipet Washers超声波清洗机Ultrasonic Cleaners恒温液槽Constant Temperature Baths---投入式恒温装置Constant Temperature Devices油槽Oil Baths振荡式低温水槽Low Constant Temperature Shaking Baths深槽形恒温水槽Constant Temperature Water Baths粘度测定槽Kinematic Viscosity Baths液压式恒温水槽Constant Temperature Water Baths精密低温恒温水槽Precision Low Constant Temperature Water Baths试验管加热板Heating Blocks冷却液体循环器Cooling Liquid Circulators冷却水循环器Cooling Water Circulators便携式冷却器Immersion Cooler寒流捕获器Cooling Trap冷却水外部循环器Cooling Water Circulators试验槽Thoughs高温炉High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus---马弗炉Muffle Furnaces超高温电气炉Ultra-High Temperature Electric Furnaces高温电气炉High Temperature Electric Furnaces真空气体置换炉Gas Replacement Vacuum Furnaces造粒干燥装置Granulating and Drying Apparatus for Wet Powder Body and Liquid--- 喷雾干燥器Spray Dryer有机溶剂喷雾干燥器Spray Dryer生产线喷雾干燥器Spray Dryer for Product Line浓缩器Evaporators---旋转蒸发仪Rotary Evaporators溶媒回收装置Solvent Recovery Unit乳化·搅拌·振荡器Homogenizers, Stirrers, Shakers---磁力搅拌器Magnetic Stirrers加热板Hot Plates漩涡振荡器Shakers分液漏斗振荡器送液·减压·加压装置Aspirators, Pumps, Compressors搅拌器Stirrers实验室自动乳钵Laboratory Mill/Universal Ball Mill粉碎器Cutting MillsYAMATO电子厂关连仪器Electronics Facilities Related Devices等离子装置Low Temperature Ashers, Cleaners, Etchers---气体等离子蚀刻机Gas Plasma Etcher “Plasma Reactor”气体等离子清洗机Gas Plasma Dry Cleaner气体等离子灰化机Gas Plasma Asher半导体基板自动机器Automatic Machine电子半导体/材料关连仪器Electronics Facilities Related Devices---桌上小型探测显微镜Desk-Top Small Probe Microscope “Nanopics”半导体制造用检查装置Yield Management for Semiconductor Ptoducts非破坏评价解析装置Nondestructive Testing System紫外线洗净·改质装置Ultra-Violet Curing System尘埃计数器Particle Counters风速计Anemometers去静电风机、风幕及静电测定计Auto Balanced Over Head Ion Blower环境试验设备Temperature,Humidity Testing Chamber防湿保管库Moisture-proof StorageNanotechnology半导体用设备ANELV A日本电子制品Jeol振动试验装置Vibration Test Systems冲击试验装置Shock Testing SystemsLCD高压脱泡机YAMATO生命科学关连仪器Life-Science Related Instruments生物技术关连仪器·食品分析仪器Bio-Technology Related Instruments, Food Analysises Instruments—形态观察分析系统Mapping Analyzer生物分子间相互作用分析系统Biomioleculer Interaction Analysis System高速液相色谱仪LC-CE/CEC System血管壁细胞混合培养系统Dynamic Coculture System动植物破碎机基因检查仪器Genopattern AnalyzerATP测定器ATP Measuring Instrument分光光度计Microplate Spectrophotometer细胞培养·发酵用自动分析系统Automated Chemistry Analyzer for Monitoring Cell Culture and Fermentation Processes细胞生死判别系统Cell Vital Analyzer细胞计数分析装置Cell Scaler/Analyzer2元电泳仪荧光Spot Cutter高速冷却离心机High Speed Refrigerated,Centrifuges微量高速离心机High Speed micro-Centrifuges液体中微生物简单测试仪Simple Germ Test Kit “simple Tester”试料混合器Blender防爆冷藏柜Explosion proof Freezer and Refrigerator杀菌水生成系统Sterilization Water Production Device膜式脱气装置Filter-type Air Extractor抗酸化机能水制造装置Acid-Resistant Water Purifier高性能净水器反渗透式高性能净水器分析仪器Analytical Instruments---分光光度计Spectrophotometer元素分析装置Atomic Absorption SpectrophotometerICP发光分光分析ICP Atomic Emission SpectrophotometerX线光分析计X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis气体分析计Gas Analyzers回折/散乱式粒度分布测定装置Analyzer,Particle Size Distribution Laser Diffraction Device低真空走查电子显微镜Scanning Probe Micro Scope高速液相色谱仪Liquid Chromatograph滴定装置Automatic Titration大塚电子制品电位计膜厚计散乱光光度计LCD测定·评价装置热量计天平Balances物性试验·测定器Physical Properties Measuring Apparatus, Testing, and Measuring Apparatus---近红外分析装置Fourier Transform Near Infrared Spectrometer融点测定仪Melting Point Measuring Instrument热分析系统Thermo System自动反应装置Automatic Reactor水分计Moisture Analyzer引张压缩试验机Tester,Tension and Compression数字粘度计Digital Viscometer振动式粘度计Vibro Viscometer浸透压测定装置Osmotic Pressure Meters超临界水酸化系统Small SCWO Systems重金属排液处理装置Heavy Metal Eliminator简易水质检查试验纸Water Quality Tester StripsPH计Phmeter导电率计Conductivity Meters湿度计Hygrothermometers过滤器FilterYAMATO试验研究设施Laboratory Design and Engineering---通风柜Fume Hoods排风机Blowers实验台Laboratory Furniture保管柜Storage Cabinets实验台用附属器具Carts and Laboratory Table Attachments环境制御设施Research Facilities, Product Lines, Environment control Devices---生物安全柜Biohazard Safety Equipment废水处理系统Waste Water Treatment试验动物饲养室Bio Clean Room for Animal experiment环境实验设施Research Facilities, Product Lines, Environment Experiment Facilities---电磁波室隔音室恒温室/恒温恒湿室Constant Temperature and Humidity Facilities低温室Constant Low Temperature Facilities人工气候室Artificial Atmospheric Phenomena Simulator动物研究用高压蒸汽灭菌装置Sterilization Systems, for Animal Research化学品/农药残留物检测系统- Chemical/pesticide residue testing;外界污染源勘测仪器- Detection of foreign contaminating objects;实验室设备和传感器- Laboratory equipment and sensors;射线杀菌和巴氏杀菌消毒技术- Irradiation sterilization and pasteurization technology;超高温杀菌设备- Over-temperature sterilization equipment;冷冻速冻设备- Freezing and deep freezing equipment;超临界萃取设备- Over-critical extraction equipment;膜分离设备- Velum seperation equipment;分子蒸馏设备- Molecule distillation equipment;无菌（真空）包装设备- Vacuum packaging equipment;化学品分析仪器- Chemical analyzers;食品成分分析仪器- Constituent analyzers;过滤设备- Filtration equipment;食品预处理设备- Food preparation equipment;湿度控制仪器- Humidity control equipment;食品配料分析仪器- Ingredient analyzers;污染控制设备- Pollution control equipment;离析器- Separators;饮业清洁设备- Catering sanitizers;温度纪录仪器- Temperature recording equipment;检测设备- Testing equipment;废物处理设备- Waste disposal equipment;水质量分析和控制设备- Water quality analysis and control equipment; 气相／液相色谱仪- Gas/Liquid chromatogram apparatus.溶剂- Solvents;餐饮业厨房用地板- Kitchen flooring for catering;手套- Gloves;清洁剂- Cleanser;试纸、试剂- Test paper and reagent.审核和认证服务- Auditing and certification;数据库和软件服务- Databanks and software on regulatory issues;实验室食品分析服务- Food analysis laboratory services;咨询服务- Consulting services;食品质量控制管理服务- Food quality control management services;食品安全管理服务- Food safety management services;食品卫生管理服务- Food hygiene management services;HACCP和BRC培训服务- HACCP & BRC training services;微生物检测和认证服务- Microbiology testing and identification services; 专家咨询服务- Regulatory experts services;食品安全保障技术- Food safety guarantee technology;生物工程技术- Biology engineering technology.营养与食品卫生学英汉互译词汇Aacceptable daily intake (ADI)每日允许摄入量acclimatization 气候适应accumulate 蓄积acetylandromedol 乙酰柽木醇毒acceptable risk level 可接受的危险水平acid-forming food 成酸性食品acid value 酸价Achromobacterium 无色菌属Act for preventing the adulteration of articles ex food and drink 防止饮食品掺假法activator 激活剂,活化剂activity coefficient,AC 活性系数actomyosin 肌凝蛋白acute toxicity test 急性毒性试验additive action 相加作用adipose tissue 脂肪组织administrative rule 行政规范adrenal cortical hormone 肾上腺皮质激素adsorption 吸附,吸附作用aerobic repiration 有氧呼吸aflatoxin 黄曲霉毒素after-ripeness 后熟Agaricus 伞草属Agrostemma githago L. 麦仙翁Adequate intake,AI 适宜摄入量alamine 丙氨酸albumin 白蛋白albuminuria 蛋白尿alcohol 酒精alimentary codex 食品法规Alkaligenes 产碱杆菌属allowance 供给量alpha-BHC a-六六六alpha hemolytic streptococcus甲型溶血性链球菌Alternaria 交链孢霉aluminum hydroxide 氢氧化铝aluminum sulfate 硫酸铝Alzheimer's dementia早老性痴呆(阿耳茨海默痴呆) Amanita muscaria 毒蝇伞Amanita pantherina 豹斑毒伞Amanita phalloides 毒伞Amanita verna 白毒伞Amanita virosa 鳞柄白毒伞amaranth 苋莱红amatoxins 毒伞八肽类Ames test Ames 试验,艾姆斯试验amino acid pattern 氨基酸模式ammonia 氨Amoeba 阿米巴属,阿米巴原虫,变形虫属amphetamin chloride 冰毒amygdalin 苦杏仁甙amyl nitrite 亚硝基异戊酯amylose 直链淀粉amylopectin 支链淀粉anabolism 合成代谢anaerobic respiration 厌氧呼吸Andersen`s disease 安德森病angular stomatitis 口角炎anion exchange resins 阴离子交换树脂anisatin 毒八角亭antagonistic action 拮抗作用anthraquinone 蒽醌anti-cancer drugs 抗癌药物antiketogenesis 抗生酮作用antioxidant 抗氧化剂antitrypsin 抗胰蛋白酶anthropometry 人体测量学apatite 磷灰石apparent digestibility 表现消化率appetite 食欲apoferritin 脱铁铁蛋白apolipoprotein 载脂蛋白applied nutrition 应用营养aquatic organism 水生生物aquatic product 水产品arachidonic acid 花生四烯酸arcus senilis 老年环arginine 精氨酸arsenic 砷Arthrinium 节菱孢属Ascaris lumbricoides 蛔虫Ascaris vermicularis 蛲虫Ascomycetes 子囊菌纲ascorbate 抗坏血酸盐scorbic acid 抗坏血酸Aspergillus 曲霉属Aspergillus albicans 白曲霉Aspergillus candidus 亮白曲霉Aspergillus flavus 黄曲霉Aspergillus fumigatus 烟曲霉Aspergillus glaucus 灰绿曲霉Aspergillus nidulans 构巢曲霉Aspergillus niger 黑曲霉Aspergillus niveus 霉白曲霉Aspergillus ochraceus 赭曲霉Aspergillus parasiticus 寄生曲霉Aspergillus restrictus 局限曲霉Aspergillus terreus 土曲霉Aspergillus ustus 焦曲霉Aspergillus versicolor 采色曲霉Aspergillus wentti 温特曲霉atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化autophagy 自吞噬availability 可利用率avidin 抗生物素蛋白azide 重氮化合物BBacillus anthracis 炭疽杆菌Bacillus cereous 蜡样芽胞杆菌Bacillus erysipelatos-suis 猪丹毒杆菌Bacillus subtilis 枯草杆菌Bacillus tuberculosis bovis 牛型结核杆菌bacon 咸猪肉bacterial mutation test 细菌诱变试验bacteriocidal substance 杀菌物质bacteriophage 噬菌体balanced diet 平衡膳食balance test 平衡实验Balantidium coli 结肠小袋绦虫B.alcaligenes metalcaligenes 粪产碱杆菌barley 大麦basal metabolic rate,BMR 基础代谢率basal metabolism，BM 基础代谢basic energy exenditure,BEE 基础能量消耗base-forming food 成碱性食品Basidiomycetes 担子菌纲bean curd 豆腐bean curd blade 百叶bean sprout 豆芽beet 甜菜beetle 甲虫类benefit-risk analysis 利害分析benzimidazole 苯骈咪唑benz(a)anthracene (BA) 苯并(a)蒽benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) 苯并(a)芘benzylamine oxidase 苄胺氧化酶beriberi 脚气病beta-BHC β-六六六β-carotene β-胡萝卜素beta hemolytic streptococcus乙型溶血性链球菌betanin 甜菜苷BHC;1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane六六六bilirubin 胆红素biliverdin 胆绿素bilobol 白果(二)酚bioconcentration 生物富集,生物浓集biodeterioration 生物危害bioenergetics 生物能量学biofeedback 生物反馈biohazard 生物危害biological concentration生物富集,生物浓集biological expansion 生物性膨胀(罐头) biological half-time 生物半减期biological prevention 生物防治biological value 生物价(生理价值) biosynthesis 生物合成biotin 生物素biotransformation 生物转化biotransport 生物转运bis(P-chlorophenyl)acetic acid pp'-滴滴埃1,l'-bis(P-chlorophenyl)-2,2--dichloroethane pp′-滴滴滴1,l'-bis(P-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethylene pp′-滴滴伊。
王关富《商务英语阅读》(第二版)参考答案
王关富《商务英语阅读（第二版）》参考答案Unit 1Why China WorksExercises1. Answer the questions on the text:1) How does the author view the Chinese economy?It is the most important bright spot in the world economy under the global recession, the only major economy that is likely to show significant growth this year, and the only one that routinely breaks every rule in the economic textbook. 2) According to the author, why can the Chinese economy perform so well?Because of:(1) the capacity for state control by the Chinese government.(2) its rejection of exotic financial innovations that are the melting core of the global credit crisis.(3) the integration of its economic policies between traditional market tools and state control measures.3) In what way does the author imply that western economists are erroneous in their bias toward “China’s market economic system”?The United States and Europe are moving toward state control by nationalizing their banking and car industries, and imposing heavy new regulation on the financial industry.4) What is the view of Stephen Roach on the Chinese economy system?Investment is the backbone of sustainable growth in the Chinese economy, which works more effectively than other market based systems in times of economic stress.5) Why can China work in the eye of the author?It has followed a radical pragmatism focusing on a slow but steady shift toward freer markets.6) What is regarded as the strategic thinking of the Chinese leaders in market reforms?They understand even under the serious financial crisis that it can stabilize the Chinese market and economy to introduce more sophisticated forms of securitization, including stock index funds, corporate bonds and other debt products. They also realize that, in the course of doing this, they should learn from the mistakes the westerners have made.7) What is the example given to illustrate the steadiness of the Chinese leaders in their policy execution?They continue to allow the value of yuan to rise despite of the American charges and the need for export competitiveness by their own enterprises.8) What is “shock therapy”?It is the economic policy adopted in Russia from 1991 to 1992 that totally deregulated prices and lead to a runaway inflation. It proved to be all shock and no therapy.9) In what ways does the Chinese economic system work efficiently?It can get things done quickly, move in a coherent manner, and marshal its people and resources to a common target: economic growth and prosperity.11) What are the Internet and public opinion used for?For putting pressure on local officials and influencing policy decisions.2. Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the list given below. Make changes when necessary.1)At a time when the need is growing for mental health services, many countries are unfortunately cutting back on itsspending.2)There is an increasing number of people out of work. But the western media often unfairly label them as lazy andreliable.3)Now that the flow of oil has been stopped by BP, the impact of all the spilled oil and natural gas is still beingmeasured.4)Once again its ability to steer economic policy will be tested against the ability to deliver on services and projectsaimed at growing the economy and jobs.5)Housing prices are incredibly high today. But he bought his house for a song about five years ago.6)As people are complaining high prices, especially those related to daily necessities, the government feels rather urgentto hold down inflation rate immediately.7)Under the new economy policy investors are invited to buy into state-owned enterprises.8)Since a serious gun shooting occurred in Arizona last week, security concerns have trickled down to all places,including residential buildings.9)Social unrest is a daily occurrence in the country nowadays. It is in the last place when it comes to investment formultinational companies.10)Efforts to ban smoking in China are so effective yet. Some chain smokers never think of quitting while many othershave battled in vain to quit.3. Match the terms in column A with the definitions in column B:A_______________________ B__________________________________1)financial innovation A) A reduction in the general availability of loans (orcredit) or a sudden tightening of the conditionsrequired to obtain a loan from the banks.72)stimulus package B) A non-bank entity or organization such asinvestment companies and mutual funds thatinvests in large quantities. 83)overheating C)A legal entity created by a government to undertakecommercial activities on its behalf. 64)stamp tax D) The trading of a corporation's stock or othersecurities (e.g. bonds or stock options) byindividuals with potential access to non-publicinformation.9E) An industry that requires large amounts of capital, machinery and equipment toproduce goods. 55)capital-intensive sector F) Generation of new and creative approaches tosecurities, money management or investing. 16)state-run firm G) An economy that is expanding so rapidly that toomuch money is chasing too few goods andeconomists fear a rise in inflation . 37)credit crisis H) tax levied on certain legal transactions such as thetransfer of a property such as building, copyright,land, patent, and securities. 48)institutional investor I) A plan or a series of measures taken by agovernment to jump-start its ailing economy,generally as a part of its fiscal policy. 210) insider trading4. Translate the following passage into Chinese.我们所面临的来自中国的真正挑战并不是他们向我们大量销售的货物，而恰恰相反，是他们正在提升的价值链。
2025届四川省南充市高级中学高三一诊考试英语试卷含解析
2025届四川省南充市高级中学高三一诊考试英语试卷注意事项：1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。
2．选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0．5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3．请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。
4．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．________ the students from their endless homework the school has decided to take a series of measures. A．Freed B．To freeC．Freeing D．Having freed2．The mother goes mad every time she washes the T-shirt__________ her son wipes his dirty hands.A．that B．whereC．which D．when3．— Do you know anything about British history?—______________. I have no interest in it.A．Take it easy! B．Please don’t bother.C．It’s up to you. D．No. It’s beyond me.4．She was such a proud person that she would die she would admit she was wrong.A．since B．whenC．unless D．before5．—How do you find the health club?—I would rather I ______ it. I feel its management is going from bad to worse.A．haven’t joined B．hadn’t joinedC．didn’t join D．had joined6．A lot of food as well as some tents _________to Yushu since the earthquake occurred.A．has been transported B．have been transportedC．is being transported D．are transported7．After he was promoted to the present position, he is not so hardworking as he ______.A．was used to B．used to be C．was used to being D．used to8．—How I wish I had worked harder when I was in that company.—If you had, you _________ a department manager now.A．are B．would beC．would have been D．were9．That Was the first time she alone at home during the weekends，bored to death．A．has left B．has been left C．had left D．had been left10．— When did Tom come to Qingdao？— It was in July，2006 and he a trip in China with his parents at thattime.A．would take B．had taken C．was taking D．had been taking11．People ________ with anyone who is always talking about how wonderful he is.A．fall in B．keep company C．catch up D．get fed up12．—Jenny, how was your trip to Beijing?—Oh, I missed it. I wish I ________ my vacation there.A．am spending B．will spend C．have spent D．had spent13．---My son is addicted to computer games. He is hopeless，isn't he？---Yes，_____________he is determined to give up and start all over.A．if B．unlessC．though D．so14．—Kevin, time for the next destination!—No hurry! Another 15 minutes and we _____ all the exhibition rooms of the museum.A．am exploring B．have exploredC．will explore D．will have explored15．—Be seated, please and I’ll make you a cup of tea.—_________. Let’s come to the point first.A．Y ou needn’t do so B．Please don’t botherC．Y ou are welcome D．You are indeed too polite.16．________ from J.K. Rowling’s book series of the same title, the “Harry Potter” movies are universally acknowledge d as classics.A．Adapting B．Having adaptedC．Adapted D．To be adapted17．Who ______ the fight against the H1N1 flu ______ it not been for the Chinese scientists’ great efforts?A．could have won; had B．would win; had C．would have won; has D．could win; has18．If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party,________.A．he will either B．neither will heC．he neither will D．either he will19．Different cultural features of ethnic groups are ________ one another and work out a melody．A．in tune with B．in parallel withC．in contrast to D．in response to20．—This is the first time I ________ my picture with my own hands.—It is time that you ________ a picture for me.A．have taken; took B．took; should takeC．took; will take D．will take; have taken第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
考研英语模拟试题及答案
考研英语模拟试题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The head of a company that says it has produced the first human clone said on Monday that the mother and baby were home following the child's birth last week and genetic proof demanded by scientists and other skeptics should be 1 in a week.Brigitte Boisselier, chief executive of Clonaid, which is linked to a group that 2 mankind was created by extraterrestrials, 3 to say whether the 31-year-old American mother and her child were in the United States or 4 .Her claim to have cloned a human being last week drew 5 reaction from experts 6 the field and she 7 no proof, 8 said that genetic testing was 9 for Tuesday.The U.S. Food and Drug Administration strongly opposes human cloning,10 was showed in many occasions， said on Friday it was "taking steps to11 " Clonaid's claim. It 12 the implantation of a cloned baby into a woman is 13 in the United States14 FDA approval.Clonaid was 15 by the creator of the Raelian Movement, a group 16 claims 55,000 17 around the world and 18 that life on Earth was sparked by 19 who arrived 25,000 years ago and 20 humans through cloning.1. [A] complicated [B] available [C] durable [D]disposable2. [A] reports [B]intensifies [C] claims [D] believes3. [A]denied [B] opposed [C] distinguished [D]declined4. [A]anywhere [B]nowhere [C] otherwhere [D]elsewhere5. [A] content [B] skeptical [C]critical [D]obvious6. [A] in [B] on [C] upon [D]from7. [A]indicated [B]manifested [C] offered [D]provided8. [A] but [B] but also [C]although [D]despite of9. [A] required [B]speculated [C] scheduled [D]disposed10.[A]than [B]as [C] but [D]that11.[A]look [B] inquire [C] investigate [D]study12.[A] said [B] showed [C] is said [D]manifested13.[A]improper [B] illogical [C] impossible [D] illegal14.[A] from [B] without [C]against [D]under15.[A] raised [B] founded [C] produced [D]manufactured16.[A] which [B] that [C] what [D]unless17.[A] participants [B] opponents [C] followers [D]counterparts18.[A] asserts [B] estimated [C]announced [D]predicts19.[A] materials [B] extraterrestrials [C] substances [D]things20.[A] discovered [B]produced [C] created [D]inventedSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points) TEXT 1How should one read a book? In the first place, I want to emphasize the question mark at the end of my beginning sentence. Even if I could answer the question for myself, the answer would apply only to me and not to you. The only advice, indeed, that one person can give another about reading is to take no advice, to follow your own instincts, to use your own reason, to come to your own conclusion. If this is agreed between us, then I feel at liberty to put forward a few ideas and suggestions because you will not allow them to restrict that independence which is the most important quality that a reader can possess. After all, what laws can be laid down about books? The battle of Waterloo was certainly fought on a certain day; but is Hamlet a better play than Lear? Nobody can say. Each must decide that question of himself. To admit authorities, however heavily furred and gowned, into our libraries and let them tell us how to read, what to read, what value to place upon what we read, is to destroy the spirit of freedom which is the breath of those sanctuaries. Everywhere else we may be bound by laws and conventions—there we have none.But to enjoy freedom, if this old statement is pardonable, we have of course to control ourselves. We must not waste our powers, helplessly and ignorantly, spraying water around half the house in order to water a single rose-bush; we must train them, exactly and powerfully, here on the very spot. This, it may be, is one of the first difficulties that faces us in a library. What is “the very spot”? There may well seem to be nothing but a conglomeration and huddle of confusion. Poems and novels,histories and memoirs, dictionaries and blue-books; books written in all languages by men and women of all tempers, races, and ages jostle each other on the shelf. And outside the donkey brays, the women gossip at the pump, the colts gallop across the fields. Where are we to begin? How are we to bring order into this multitudinous chaos and so get the deepest and widest pleasure from what we read?21. Which of the following is true about the question raised at the beginning of the passage?[A] The author does have a universally correct answer to the question.[B] The author implies that she is not interested in the question.[C] The author thinks there may be different answers to the question.[D] The author wonders if there is any point in asking the question.22. A good reader should, according to the author, be able to[A] maintain his own viewpoints concerning reading.[B] take advice from everybody instead of any one person.[C] share his experiences in reading with others.[D] take the suggestions other people give him.23. In comparing Hamlet with Lear, the author means that[A] Hamlet is better than Lear.[B] Hamlet is no any better than Lear.[C] Both plays are good works.[D] There is no way to tell which is better.24. To the author, the advice in reading given by authorities is[A] the most important for readers.[B] unlikely to be helpful to readers.[C] our guidance in choosing what to read.[D] only useful in the libraries.25. What is “one of the first difficulties that faces us in a library?” (Paragraph 2)[A] We may become too excited to be quiet in the library.[B] We do not make best use of the library books.[C] We may get totally lost as to what to choose to read.[D] We cannot concentrate on our reading in the library.TEXT 2Human migration: the term is vague. What people usually think of is the permanent movement of people from one home to another. More broadly, though, migration means all the ways—from the seasonal drift of agricultural workers within a country to the relocation of refugees fromone country to another.Migration is big, dangerous, compelling. It is 60 million Europeans leaving home from the 16th to the 20th centuries. Migration is the dynamic undertow of population change: everyone’s solution, everyone’s conflict. As the century turns, migration, with its inevitable economic and political turmoil, has been ca lled “one of the greatest challenges of the coming century.”To demographer Kingsley Davis, two things made migration happen. First, human beings, with their tools and language, could adapt to different conditions without having to wait for evolution to make them suitable for a new niche. Second, as populations grew, cultures began to differ, and inequalities developed between groups. The first factor gave us the keys to the door of any room on the planet; the other gave us reasons to use them.Over the centuries, as agriculture spread across the planet, people moved toward places where metal was found and worked and to centres of commerce that then became cities. Those places were, in turn, invaded and overrun by people later generations called barbarians.In between these storm surges were steadier but similarly profound tides in which people moved out to colonize or were captured and brought in as slaves. For a while the population of Athens, that city of legendary enlightenment was as much as 35 percent slaves.“What strikes me is how important migration is as a cause and effect in the great world events.” Mark Miller, co-author of The Age of Migration and a professor of political science at the University of Delaware, told me recently.It is difficult to think of any great events that did not involve migration. Religions spawned pilgrims or settlers; wars drove refugees before them and made new land available for the conquerors; political upheavals displaced thousands or millions; economic innovations drew workers and entrepreneurs like magnets; environmental disasters like famine or disease pushed their bedraggled survivors anywhere they could replant hope.“It’s part of our nature, this movement,” Miller said, “It’s justa fact of the human condition.”26. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT according to the first three passage[A] Migration exerts a great impact on population change.[B] Migration contributes to Mankind’s progress.[C] Migration brings about desirable and undesirable effects.[D] Migration may not be accompanied by human conflicts.27. According to Kingsley Davis, migration occurs as a result of the following reasons EXCEPT .[A] human adaptability[B] human evolution[C] cultural differences[D] inter-group inequalities28. Which of the following groups is NOT mentioned as migrants in the passage?[A] Farmers. [B] Workers. [C] Settlers. [D] Colonizers.29. There seems to be a(n) relationship between great events and migration.[A] loose [B] indefinite [C] causal [D] remote30. The author uses the example of Athens to show that .[A] Athens was built mainly by slaves[B] Athens enlightenment has nothing to do with slaves[C] Slaves are too many at that time[D] Migration never stopped even between big human conflictsTEXT 3Economies can get truly richer only through increased productivity growth, either from technological advances or from more efficient production thanks to international trade. Thus china’s integration into the world economy genuinely creates wealth. The same cannot be said of all the “wealth” produced by stock market or housing bubbles.In recent years, many people around the world have found it easier to make money from rising asset prices than from working. Roger Bootle, the managing director of Capital Economics, a London consultancy, calls this “money for nothing.” The surge in share prices in the late 1900s boosted the shareholdings of American households by $7 trillion over four years, equivalent to almost two years’ income from employment—without requiring any effort. The value of those shares has since fallen, but the drop has been more than offset by soaring house prices. Over the past four years the value of homes in America has increased by more than $5 trillion, making many Americans feel richer and less inclined to save. But much of this new wealth is an illusion.The first mistake, at the end of the 1990s, was to believe that shareswere actually worth their quoted price. The second mistake, today, is to view higher house prices as increased wealth. A rise in share prices can, in theory, reflect expected future gains in profits. The stock market boom did reflect some genuine wealth creation in the shape of productivity gains, however exaggerated they may have been. But rising house prices do not represent an increase in wealth for a country as a whole. They merely redistribute wealth to home-owners from non-home-owners who may hope to buy in the future. Nevertheless the illusion of new-found wealth has caused households as a whole to save less and spend and borrow more.Historically low interest rates have fuelled housing bubbles in America and many other countries around the globe. At some stage prices will fall, obliging consumers to save much more and spend less. The unwinding of America’s vast economic imbalances could depress growth there for many years, whereas China’s slowdown looks likely to be fairly brief.Oddly enough, China may be partly to blame for this wealth illusion in rich economies, because central bankers have been slow to grasp the consequences of China’s rapid integration into the world economy. By producing goods more cheaply and so helping to hold down inflation and interest rates in rich economies, China may have indirectly encouraged excessive credit creation and asset-price bubbles there. Inflation has remained low, but excess liquidity now flows into the prices of houses and shares rather than the prices of goods and services. And to keep its exchange rate pegged to the dollar, China has been buying vast amounts of American Treasury bonds, which has helped to depress bond yields and mortgage rates, fuelling America’s property boom.31. The best title of this passage may be[A] New methods of Wealth production[B] China is to blame for economic bubbles[C] Western economies are not as rich as they seem to be[D] Different economic growth roads32. In the author’s mind, Roger Bootle’s point of view might be[A] Strongly misleading [B] A bit too sarcastic [C] Totally unacceptable [D] Nothing but truth33. According to the author, the major difference between share price rising and house price rising is[A] stock markets can witness some real wealth accumulation while house-price-rising cannot.[B] stock markets have more bubbles.[C] house-price-rising causes families to save less and to spend more.[D] stock prices may go down but house prices seldom .34. The word “brief” in the last line of the fourth paragraph may probably mean[A] not important [B] short in time [C] significant [D] unnecessary35. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true[A] Western central bankers are not well prepared for Chinese integration into the world economy.[B] China has been buying large amount of real estates so that American property price booms.[C] Since China exports products more cheaply, it will be a major factor to counteract inflation.[D] There are also house-price bubbles in China.TEXT 4As humankind moves into the third millennium, it can rightfully claim to have broken new ground in its age-old quest to master the environment. The fantastic achievements of modern technology and the speed at which scientific discoveries are translated into technological applications attest to the triumph of human endeavour．At the same time, however, some of these applications threaten to unleash forces over which we have no control. In other words, the new technology Man now believes allows him to dominate this wider cosmos could well be a Frankenstein monster waiting to turn on its master.This is an entirely news situation that promises to change many of the perceptions governing life on the planet. The most acute challenges facing the future are likely to be not only those pitting man against his fellow man, but those involving humankind’s struggle to preserve the environment and ensure the sustainability of life on earth.A conflict waged to ensure the survival of the human species is bound to bring humans closer together. Technological progress has thus proved to be a double-edged sword, giving rise to a new form of conflict: a clash between Man and Nature.The new conflict is more dangerous than the traditional one between man and his fellow man, where the protagonists at least shared a common language. But when it comes to the reactions of the ecosystems to theonslaught of modern technology, there is no common language.Nature reacts with weather disturbances, with storms and earthquakes, with storms and earthquakes, with mutant viruses and bacteria—that is, with phenomena having no apparent cause and effect relationship with the modern technology that supposedly triggers them.As technology becomes ever more potent and Nature reacts ever more violently, there is an urgent need to rethink how best to deal with the growing contradictions between Man and Nature.For a start, the planet, and hence all its inhabitants, must be perceived as an integral whole, not as a mass divided geographically into the rich and developed and the poor and underdeveloped.Today, globalization encompasses the whole world and deals with it as an integral unit. It is no longer possible to say that conflict has shifted from its traditional east-west axis to a north-south axis. The real divide today is between summit and base, between state and civil society.The mesh structure is particularly obvious on the Internet. While it is true that to date the Internet seems to be favouring the most developed sectors of the international community over the less developed, this need not always be the case. Indeed, it could eventually overcome the disparities between the privileged and the underdeveloped.On the other hand, the macro-word in which we live is exposed to distortions because of the unpredictable side-effects of a micro-world we do not and cannot totally control.This raises the need for a global system of checks and balances, for mandatory rules and constraints in our dealings with Nature, in short, for a news type of veto designed to manage what is increasingly becoming a main contradiction of our time: the one between technology and ecology.A new type of international machinery must be set in place to cope with the new challenges. We need a new look at the harnessing of scientific discoveries, to maximize their positive effects for the promotion of humanity as a whole and to minimize their negative effects. We need an authority with veto powers to forbid practices conducive to decreasing the ozone hole, the propagation of AIDS, global warming, desertification—an authority that will tackle such global problems.There should be no discontinuity in the global machinery responsible for world order. The UN in its present form may fall far short of what is required of it, and it may be undemocratic and detrimental to mostcitizens in the world, but its absence would be worse. And so we have to hold on to the international organization even as we push forward for its complete restructuring.Our best hope would be that the functions of the present United Nations are gradually taken over by the new machinery of veto power representing genuine democratic globalization.36. The mention of Man’s victo ry over Nature at the beginning of the passage is to highlight .[A] a new creative powers [B] Man’s creative powers[C] The role of modern technology [D] Man’s ground-breaking work37. According to the author, the current conflict is more dangerous as[A] nature will punish human beings more severely.[B] man and nature cannot share the same communicative channel.[C] technological advances are to be a double-edged sword.[D] Human beings cannot unite together.38. According to the passage, which is NOT a responsibility of the proposed new international authority?[A] Monitoring effects of scientific discoveries.[B] Dealing with worldwide environmental issues.[C] Vetoing human attempts to conquer Nature.[D] Authorizing efforts to improve human health.39. When commenting on the present role of the UN, the author expresses his .[A] dissatisfaction [B] disillusionment [C] objection [D] doubt40. The best title of this text may probably be[A] Man and Nature: The Everlasting Conflict[B] Mankind in the New Millennium[C] UN Must Be Reformed[D] New Approaches on Man-Nature Conflict: a More Powerful Global OrganizationPart BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraph from the list A-F to fit into each of the numbered blank. There is one extra choice that doesnot fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) It's 10 p.m. You may not know where your child is, but the chip does.(41)____________________ Once paramedics arrive, the chip will also be able to tell the rescue workers which drugs little Johnny or Janie is allergic to. At the hospital, the chip will tell doctors his or her complete medical history.And of course, when you arrive to pick up your child, settling the hospital bill with your health insurance policy will be a simple matter of waving your own chip - the one embedded in your hand.To some, this may sound far-fetched. But the technology for such chips is no longer the stuff of science fiction. And it may soon offer many other benefits besides locating lost children or elderly Alzheimer patients."Down the line, it could be used as credit cards and such," says Chris Hables Gray, a professor of cultural studies of science and technology at the University of Great Falls in Montana. "A lot of people won't have to carry wallets anymore," he says. "What the implications are [for this technology], in the long run, is profound."(42)__________________________"Any technology of this kind is easily abusive of personal privacy," says Lee Tien, senior staff attorney for the Electronic Frontier Foundation. "If a kid is trackable, do you want other people to be able to track your kid? It's a double-edged sword."The research of embedding microchips isn't entirely new.(43)________________But Applied Digital Solutions, Inc. in Palm Beach, Fla., is one of the latest to try and push the experiments beyond the realm of academic research and into the hands - and bodies - of ordinary humans.(44)_______________________When scanned by a nearby reader, the embedded chip yields the data - say an ID number that links to a computer database file containing more detailed information.Most embedded chip designs are so-called passive chips which yield information only when scanned by a nearby reader. But active chips - such as the proposed Digital Angel of the future - will need to beam out information all the time. (45)___________________Another additional hurdle, developing tiny GPS receiver chips that could be embedded yet still be sensitive enough to receive signals from thousands of miles out in space.In addition to technical hurdles, many suspect that all sorts of legaland privacy issues would have to be cleared as well.[A] Back in 1998, Brian Warwick, a professor of cybernetics at Reading University in London, implanted a chip into his arm as an experiment to see if Warwick's computer could wirelessly track his whereabouts with the university's building.[B] The company says it has recently applied to the Food and Drug Administration for permission to begin testing its VeriChip device in humans. About the size of a grain of rice, the microchip can be encoded with bits of information and implanted in humans under a layer of skin.[C] Indeed, some are already wondering what this sort of technology may do to the sense of personal privacy and liberty.[D] And that means designers will have to develop some sort of power source that can provide a continuous source of energy, yet be small enough to be embedded with the chips.[E] Tiny chips know your name easily.[F] Every woman dreams of receiving a huge, sparkling and priceless diamond that be controlled by tiny chips . Now scientists have developed the most useful diamond .[G] The chip will also know if your child has fallen and needs immediate help.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2 (10 points)46) A hundred years ago, when sport was confined largely to games played in the backyard or on the farm, one could hardly have imagined the attention that it has come to receive in the twentieth century. Today, the importance of sport in society is clearly demonstrated by the fact that even the CBS evening news can be preempted for the final of a tennis match. A survey conducted in the late 1980s revealed that fully 81 percent of all adults follow some organized sport, mostly on television. And the phenomenon of weekend “sports widows”—women abandoned by their husbands for weekend sports on television—is entering its third generation.Sport is defined sociologically as competitive physical activity that is performed under established rules. Like all social institutions, sport serves numerous functions. First, it provides society with a vast arrayof leisure-time activities for all segments of the population.47) Although it is an overstatement to say that modern society is a leisure society, there has been a significant increase in the amount of non-work time that most people have available. Furthermore, recreational activity has become increasingly necessary in a society in which the vast majority of jobs provide little or no physical activity. Second, sport provides an outlet for energies that, if not diverted, could cause serious strain on the social order.48) For both fan and participant, sport permits the expression of emotions (such as anger and frustration) in ways that are acceptable to, even encouraged by, society. Finally, sport provides society with role models. Athletes at all levels, but especially famous athletes, provide examples of conduct and employment of skills that others can emulate.Although sports promote many positive aspects of a society, conflict theorists are quick to point out that they also reflect society’s inequalities. Like most other social institutions, sports are characterized by inequalities of class, race and gender. For example, certain sports—such as polo, tennis, and skiing—have traditionally appealed to the wealthy. Other sports—such as boxing, which is often associated with urban poverty—are distinctly lower class in origin and participation. 49) In general, members of the lower and working classes have tended to participate in sports like baseball and basketball: games that require little more than a field, a ball, and some players.Although sport is sometimes considered exempt from racial inequality, sociological evidence has shown this not to be the case.50) Although it is true that nonwhites in American society have enjoyed greater opportunities for high incomes in professional sports than in other occupations, it is also true that virtually all managers and owners of sports team are white. There are few nonwhite sportscasters, administrators, umpires, or referees. Furthermore, nonwhites are all but absent (even as players) from all professional sports except baseball, basketball, boxing, and football.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Your university library intends to improve its service and facilities. Write a letter to the chief librarian to1) explain who you are,2) say what you like about the library,3) suggest ways in which it could be improved.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Look at the following picture and write an article on advertisement. Your article should cover the points below:Study the following picture carefully and write an essay to1) describe the picture, 2) interpret its meaning, and3) give your suggestion as to the best way to find happiness.You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)试题答案Section I Use of English1.B2.D3.D4.D5.B6.A7.C8.C9.B 10.C11.C 12.A 13.D 14.B 15.B 16.B 17.C 18.A 19.B 20.CSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A21.C 22.A 23.D 24.B 25.C 26.D 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.D 31.C 32.D 33.A 34.B 35.A 36.A 37.B 38.D 39.A 40.DPart B41.G 42.C 43.A 44.B 45.DPart C46）一百年前，运动仅仅局限于那些在后院或者农场中举行的活动。
《舌尖上的中国》美食英文翻译大全
《舌尖上的中国》美食英文翻译大全Honey shortening 酥油蜂蜜Honey-glazed eel 蜂蜜鰻鱼Spicy sausage 麻辣香肠Lantian 'belt' noodles 蓝田裤带面Stewed mudskippers 清炖跳跳鱼Pancake roll stuffed with scallions 煎饼卷大葱Leishan fish sauce 雷山鱼酯Chaozhou spring roll 潮州春器Quanzhou radish rice roil 泉州萝卜饭Fried beef dumpling 牛肉锅贴Double cooked pork slices 回锅肉Rapeseed Oil 菜籽油Fried rice crust 油炸锅巴Red oil 红油shredded pork with garlic sauce 蒜泥白肉Pig ears dressed with sause 凉拌猪耳Chongqing small noodles 重庆小面Suzhou noodles stewed in first-time soup 苏州头汤面Hanging noodles 挂面Glutinous rice rolls 糯米卷Suzhou-style little diamond cakes 苏式小方糕Red date paste cake 枣泥拉糕Fern Root Cake 蕨根糍粑Boat pastry 船点Oyster omelette with tapioca starch 蚝烙Dried bean curd threads in consomme 烫干丝Bone-free fish 脱骨鱼Three-nested Duck 三套鸭Chicken, mushroom, ham threads in consomme扣三丝Flash fried river shrimp 油爆河虾Eel Clay Pot 黃鳝啫啫煲雷笋炒肉丝Thunder bamboo shoots fried with shredded pork笋干炖鸡Stewed chicken with dried bamboo shoots铁锅炖鱼Fish and tofu stewed in iron pot咸肉蒸黄泥拱竹笋Steamed bacon with Huang-ni-gong bamboo shoots 愉钱饭Elm seeds meal九层皮Nine-layer cake紫苏炒青蜥Purple perilla fried with spiral shell玛仁糖/切糕Xinjiang nut cake抓饭Xinjiang hand pilaf虾子小刀面Sliced Noodles with shrimp roe桂花糯米藕Steamed lotus root stuffed with sweet sticky rice板栗烧鸡Braised chicken with chestnuts delicious老鸭雁来蕈Old duck stewed with lactarius delicious小凹馍（由玉米面和韭菜制成）Steamed concave buns made of maize flour and Chinese chives 莜面凉皮Cold oat noodles枣花馍Steamed jujube flower bun天门蒸菜Tian-men steamed dishes红烧肉Braised pork in brown sauce泡菜鱼Stewed fish in pickles各种泡菜all kinds of pickles西瓜酱Watermelon jam虾子焖茭白Shrimp roe stewed with cane shoots蒲菜涨蛋Cattail omelette蒲菜水饺Cattail dumplings奶汤蒲菜Stewed cattail in milky soup蒲笋干烧肉Braised pork with dried cattail陈皮红豆沙Orange flavored red bean paste红豆姜撞奶Ginger milk with red bean莲子龟苓膏Lotus seed tortoise jelly木瓜雪耳羹White fungus broth with papaya鹌鹑蛋白果糖水Quail egg white sweet soup黄糖糍粑Glutinous rice cake with brown sugar猪脚姜Stewed pig's feet with ginger冬瓜荷叶煲老鸭Boiled old duck with winter melon and lotus leaf小鸡炖蘑菇Stewed chick with mushroom烩南北Stewed mushrooms with winter bamboo shoots 重庆火锅Chongqing hot pot北京涮肉火锅Beijing instant-boiled sliced mutton云南菌子火锅Yunnan mushroom hot pot潮汕牛肉火锅Chaoshan beef hot pot鸡蛋仔Egg puff粉圆Tapioca Pearls烤香肠Toasted sausage葡式焗扇贝Portuguese-style baked scallops豆腐蒸桂花鱼Steamed mandarin fish with tofu金汤水煮鳜鱼Stewed mandarin fish in pumpkin soup 水煮海鲜Poached seafood盆菜Poon choi / basin meal西湖醋鱼West Lake fish in sweet and sour sauce鲤鱼焙面Sweet-and-sour carp baked with noodles开封灌汤包Kaifeng soup dumplings杭州小笼包Hangzhou soup dumplings片儿川Noodles with preserved vegetable罗宋汤Borscht炸猪排Fried pork chop牛肉球Steamed beef ball纳仁Stewed mutton with noodles大盘鸡Saute spicy chicken with potatoes架子肉Meat roasted on skewer烤包子Roasted stuffed bun拉条子Xinjiang noodles上海桂花糕Shanghai osmanthus cake红烧牛肉面Braised beef noodles壳莱肉/淡菜Dried mussel meat酸辣华子鱼Hot and sour Amur ide沙蟹汁Ghost crab extract,韭花酱Leek flower sauce羊肚包肉Roasted mutton wrapped in lamb tripe红柳枝烤羊肉Roasted mutton cubes on rose willow branch 手抓羊肉Boiled mutton / Mutton eaten with hands馔Xinjiang naan清蒸石斑鱼Steamed grouper清蒸鱼干Steamed dried fish清蒸虾干Steamed dried shrimps炒鸡枞Fried termite mushroom。
人们对水的要求的英语作文
人们对水的要求的英语作文Title: The Essence of Water: Meeting Humanity's Needs。
Water, the elixir of life, holds a paramount position in fulfilling the diverse needs of humanity. From quenching thirst to sustaining agriculture and supporting industrial activities, the significance of water permeates every facet of human existence. In this essay, we delve into the multifaceted demands for water and the imperative to manage this invaluable resource sustainably.First and foremost, the fundamental requirement for water lies in its role as a vital component for human survival. The human body, composed of approximately 60% water, necessitates regular intake to maintainphysiological functions. Access to clean drinking water is, therefore, a basic human right and a cornerstone of public health. Ensuring universal access to potable water is not merely a matter of convenience but a moral imperative that underpins human dignity and well-being.Beyond personal consumption, water plays an indispensable role in agriculture, the backbone of food production. Agriculture accounts for the lion's share of global water usage, with irrigation systems harnessing water resources to cultivate crops and sustain livestock. As the global population burgeons, the demand for food surges in tandem, placing greater strain on water supplies. Thus, efficient water management practices, such as drip irrigation and precision agriculture, are pivotal in maximizing agricultural productivity while minimizing water wastage.Moreover, water serves as a cornerstone of industrial processes, spanning manufacturing, energy production, and resource extraction. Industries rely on water for cooling, processing, and transportation, making it an indispensable resource for economic development. However, industrial activities also pose significant challenges to waterquality through pollution and contamination. Striking a balance between industrial growth and environmental sustainability necessitates robust regulatory frameworksand technological innovations to mitigate water pollution and preserve aquatic ecosystems.Furthermore, water plays a pivotal role in sustaining ecosystems and biodiversity. Wetlands, rivers, and oceans harbor a plethora of life forms, from microscopic organisms to charismatic megafauna. These ecosystems provideessential services such as water purification, flood regulation, and habitat provision, underpinning the resilience of natural systems. However, anthropogenic activities, including habitat destruction and climate change, pose grave threats to aquatic ecosystems, jeopardizing their ability to provide these invaluable services.In addition to meeting current needs, water management must also account for future challenges posed by climate change and population growth. Climate variability manifests in erratic rainfall patterns, prolonged droughts, and more frequent extreme weather events, exacerbating waterscarcity in vulnerable regions. Population growth further strains water resources, amplifying competition for limitedsupplies. Adapting to these challenges requires a multifaceted approach encompassing conservation, innovation, and equitable distribution of water resources.In conclusion, the demand for water is multifaceted, encompassing basic human needs, agricultural production, industrial processes, and ecosystem sustainability. Meeting these diverse needs necessitates a concerted effort to manage water resources judiciously, balancing competing interests while safeguarding the integrity of ecosystems.By embracing sustainable water management practices, we can ensure equitable access to this precious resource for present and future generations.。
麦当劳在中国(英文版)
Feeding Chinese's appetite for burgers"I 'm loving it" is the global brand of McDonald's new declaration, encouraging people to take life positively. Since entered the Chinese market in1990, it has become retail food service industry leader. But in front of the strong development KFC, McDonald's in China's position is threatened, and not from the outside world, but itself, stores increase slowly, relatively profit is not satisfactory. 2010 years is the twentieth year McDonald's entered the Chinese market , in the landmark moment, McDonald's launch a new brand idea, by the comprehensive change force to attract more Chinese customers.McDonald's had a plan in China in 2011 than 2010 capital expenditure increased by 40%, the new store of 200, more than any previous year the number of new stores, and in the adornment of the new store will give up the original yellow and red primarily style, change to a more leisure, European country bar design. New store plan aimed at Shanghai and Beijing.At present, McDonald's in China opens over 1100 shops, total staffs more than 60000. Their goal is to open more stores in quality, service, clean basis to create more value.McDonald's has many advantages. McDonald's provides 24-hour convenient service, there are free of half an hour WI-FI, and McDonald's has chicken products to 100% natural growth on chicken, while KFC restaurants have been spread rumors of variation chicken raw materials. The harsh alliance business choices, making each McDonald's store provide good service. Now free WI-FI is very able to attract customers.McDonald's is not like KFC to provide local food such as soya-bean milk and rice for Chinese,and this is their disadvantage. But McDonald's brings China not only hamburgers, not just the beef, but more by China's diner welcomed food. The price is very important, and this time the combo price cut will undoubtedly attract more customers. "Beef is valued enjoyment, beef is the source of health, beef is also very sexy" such a good idea are passed to the consumer, although beef in China more expensive than chicken, but now consumers are pursuing health, price moderate, so they are willing to accept.McDonald's has been very active in charity activities. McDonald's has been able to produce a McDonald's emotions. The image of McDonald's uncle root in the hearts of the people, he is not only to China with delicious, but more love to China. McDonald's for China's change is combined with products, channel, promotion, price, and service process of all-round.。
我国传统调味品出口现状——以郫县豆瓣酱为例
食安管理我国传统调味品出口现状——以郫县豆瓣酱为例郑诚征（西京学院，陕西西安 710123）摘 要：自我国加入世界贸易组织以来，我国对外开放和经济发展进程得到了显著加速。
此举鼓励了更多国内企业的国际投资和技术转移，提高了我国产品在国际市场上的竞争力，促进了出口业务发展，增加了出口收入。
然而，国际质量标准以及法律法规等方面的限制阻碍了我国传统调味品出口。
因此，当前我国企业亟需改变出口策略，提高我国传统调味品在国际市场上的份额。
本文以郫县豆瓣酱为例，分析其在国外市场销售的特点以及所面临的挑战，同时运用SWOT模型对郫县豆瓣酱在出口方面的优势、劣势、机会和威胁进行深入分析，探讨促进我国传统调味品出口贸易的措施。
关键词：调味品；郫县豆瓣酱；国际贸易Current Situation of Traditional Seasoning Export in China ——Taking Pixian Douban Sauce as an ExampleZHENG Chengzheng(Xijing University, Xi’an 710123, China)Abstract: Since China’s accession to the World Trade Organization, the process of opening up to the outside world and economic development has significantly accelerated. This move has encouraged more domestic enterprises to invest and transfer technology internationally, improved the competitiveness of China’s products in the international market, promoted the development of export business, and increased export revenue. However, limitations in international quality standards and laws and regulations have hindered the export of traditional seasonings in China. Therefore, it is urgent for Chinese enterprises to change their export strategies and increase the share of traditional seasonings in the international market. This article takes Pixian Douban Sauce as an example to analyze its sales characteristics and challenges in foreign markets. At the same time, the SWOT model is used to conduct an in-depth analysis of the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities, and threats of Pixian Douban Sauce in export, and to explore measures to promote the export trade of traditional seasonings in China.Keywords: seasoning; Pixian Douban Sauce; international trade1 我国传统调味品的出口现状1.1 我国传统调味品的出口现状概述近年来，我国传统调味品的出口额保持着快速增长的态势，主要集中在亚洲、欧洲和美洲等地。
专题09 外卖订餐-备战中考英语阅读理解热点话题分类训练
备战2023中考英语阅读理解热点话题分类训练(中考真题+名校最新模拟真题)专题09 外卖订餐（2022·山东日照·中考真题）After work, you go back home, open an app, place your order, and wait for your food to be delivered (投递) your home. This is how many young people eat in China these days. According to the latest report from the China Internet Network Information Center. 421 million Chinese people use online food delivery services. That’s just half of the total number of Internet users in China.Which group of people is ordering food online the most? For sure, it is mainly young people. A recent report by Meituan, a food delivery service, showed that 86.3% of the service’s users are between 20 and 34 years old. These people are the main force driving the development of the food delivery industry.Small families depend largely on food delivery services, Chinese families have changed in size over the past ten years. In 2002, only 7.7% of families have only one person. But this number increased to 15.6% in 2017. Two-person families rose from 18.4% in 2002 to 27.2% in 2017. For small families, cooking always takes a lot of time and energy, so ordering food online has become more popular.The improvement of China’s food delivery services has also made more customers interested. According to Meituan’s report, the average (平均) time it takes to make a food delivery dropped from 38 minutes in 2016 to 29 minutes in 2020. Many delivery apps are also offering more services, delivering products such as fruit, vegetables, medicine and even flowers. As their services continue to improve, it’s certain that the food delivery industry will keep growing in the future.1．The writer introduces the topic by _________.A．giving an example B．telling a storyC．making a comparison D．answering a question2．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2?A．86.3% of Internet users order food online.B．Food delivery has developed rapidly.C．Food delivery is popular with young people.D．Most Internet users like to order food on Meituan.3．Why has ordering food online become more popular?A．People are lazier than before.B．People aren’t good at cooking.C．Families prefer different food.D．Families are becoming smaller.4．What does the writer think of the food delivery industry?A．It will be growing well.B．Its service badly needs improving.C．It shouldn’t offer other services.D．Its development will slow down.（2021·山东滨州·中考真题）It seems that food deliverymen (送货员) are always rushing in haste. We can always see them running every minute, and they seem to have lots of things to do the next minute. They wear blue, red or yellow helmets (头盔) and many of them don’t follow traffic rules. They drive on the wrong side of the road and run red lights. They use mobile phones when they are driving.However, not everything goes well with food deliverymen. In the first half of 2017, food deliverymen had 76 traffic accidents in Shanghai. That means every two and a half days, a food deliveryman will die or get hurt on the road.What makes deliverymen take such risks? The strict rules of the food delivery companies and the worried customers may be the answer. Many companies will fine (罚款) a deliveryman up to 2,000 yuan if he can’t deliver the food on time, reported China Daily. Fines also go to those who get bad reviews from customers.To solve the problem, food delivery service companies need to do some changes. Some cities are also taking action. Shanghai has asked companies to train their deliverymen on traffic rules and safety. Now in Shenzhen, if a deliveryman breaks traffic rules more than twice, then he can’t do the job for a whole year.5．The underlined phrase “in haste” in Paragraph 1 probably means ______ in Chinese.A．匆忙地B．慢慢地C．意外地D．犹豫地6．The first paragraph mainly tells us that many food deliverymen ______.A．work very hard B．break traffic rulesC．are good at driving D．use mobile phones too much7．How many reasons are mentioned for deliverymen’s taking risks of breaking traffic rules?A．Two.B．Three.C．Four.D．Five.8．If a food deliveryman ______, the companies will fine him.A．drives too slowly B．delivers food on timeC．obeys traffic rules D．gets bad reviews from his customers9．What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A．Traffic rules are too strict to deliverymen.B．Food deliverymen cannot drive on important roads in the future.C．Some cities are working to solve the problem and make things better.D．All the companies in China train their deliverymen on traffic rules and safety.（2022·内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司第一中学三模）Ordering food has never become easier. All you need to do is just open an app, place your order, and wait for your food to be delivered（递送）to your home—thisis how people eat in China these days. According to the latest report from the China Internet Information Center, 421 million Chinese people use online food delivery services. That’s half of the total number of Internet users in China._________. Unsurprisingly, it’s mainly young people. A recent report from Meituan, a food delivery service, showed that 86.3 percent of the service’s users are between 20 and 34 years old. These people are the main force making the development of the food delivery industry（行业）.Small families depend greatly on food delivery services. According to the National Bureau of Statistics, Chinese families have changed in size over the past ten years. In 2004, only 7.7 percent of people lived alone. But this number added up to 15.6 percent in 2019. For small families, cooking takes more time, so ordering food online has become more popular.The improvement of China’s food delivery services has also attracted more customers. According to Meituan’s report, the time it takes to make a food delivery dropped from 38 minutes in 2016 to 29 minutes in 2019. Meituan is also offering more services, delivering products such as fruit, vegetables, medicine and flowers. As its services improve, it’s likely that the food delivery industry will keep growing.10．According to the passage, how many Internet users are there in China?A．210.5 million.B．222 million C．421 million.D．842 million.11．Choose the best sentence to fill in the blank"_________"in Paragraph 2.A．Who is ordering food online the most?B．Who is delivering the food to your home?C．What's the most popular food delivery app?D．How old are the users of food delivery services? 12．What can we learn from Paragraph 3 and 4?A．Fewer people lived alone in China in 2019.B．The food delivery industry has many problems.C．Food delivery takes longer because of more customers.D．Small families make food delivery service more popular.13．What is the passage mainly about?A．The changed world.B．A food ordering app.C．The food delivery industry.D．Young people’s eating habits.（2022·河北保定·一模）Open an app, place your order, and wait for your food to be delivered (递送) to your home—this is how many people eat in China these days. According to the latest data (数据), about 421 million Chinese people use online food delivery services. That’s equal to half of the total number of Internet users in China.Which group of people is ordering food online the most nowadays? Unsurprisingly, it’s mainly young people.A recent report showed that 86.3 percent of the service’s users are between 20 and 34 years old. These people, whoare more likely (可能的) to live in small families, are the major force (力量) driving the development of the food delivery industry.Small families depend greatly on food delivery services. According to the National Bureau of Statistics, Chinese families have changed in size over the past decade. In 2002, only 7.7 percent of families were single-person house holds. But this number increased to 15.6 percent in 2017. The percentage of two-person families rose from 18.4 in 2002 to 27.2 in 2017. For small families, cooking is relatively (相对) more time-consuming, so ordering food online has become more popular.The improvement of China’s food delivery services has also attracted more customers. According to Meituan’s report, the average time it takes to make a food delivery dropped from 38 minutes in 2016 to 29 minutes in 2019. Many delivery platforms are also offering more services, delivering products such as fruit, vegetables, medicine and flowers. As its services continue to improve, it’s likely that the food delivery industry will keep growing. 14．How many Chinese people are ordering food online these days?A．About 421 million.B．Half of 421 million.C．About 363 million.D．Less than 210 million.15．What can we infer from the last sentence of the passage?A．The food delivery industry has a bright future.B．All kinds of things can be delivered quickly.C．Chinese families prefer to order food online.D．Food delivery services have improved completely.16．The passage is mainly about ________.A．a food ordering app B．the food delivery industryC．single-person families D．young people’s eating habits（2022·湖南长沙·模拟预测）After work, you go back home, open an app, place your order, and wait for your food to be delivered to your home. This is how many young people eat in China these days. According to the latest report from the China Internet Network Information Center, 421 million Chinese people use online food delivery services. That’s equal to half of the total number of Internet users in China.Which group of people is ordering food online the most? For sure, it is mainly young people. A recent report that was published by the China Hospitality Association and Meituan, a food delivery service, showed that 86.3 percent of the service’s users are between 20 and 34 years old. These people, are the main force driving the development of the food delivery industry.Small families rely largely on food delivery services. According to the National Bureau Statistics, Chinese families have changed in size over the past ten years. In 2002, only 7.7 percent of families have only one person. But this number increased to 15.6 percent in 2017. The percentage of two-person families rose from 18.4 in 2002to 27.2 in 2017. For small families, cooking always takes a lot of time and energy, so ordering food online has become more popular.The improvement of China’s food delivery services has also made more customers interested. According to Meituan’s report, the average(平均的) time it takes to make a food delivery dropped from 38 minutes in 2016 to 29 minutes in 2020. Many delivery platforms are also offering more services, delivering products such as fruit, vegetables, medicine and even flowers. As their services continue to improve, it’s certain that the food delivery industry will keep growing in the future.17．The writer leads into the topic by ________.A．giving an example B．telling a story C．making a comparison18．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2?A．Food delivery has developed rapidly.B．Food delivery is popular with young peopleC．More and more people will live in small families.19．The underlined word “rely” in the passage has the same meaning as “________”.A．work B．come C．depend20．According to the Paragraph 4, more people are interested in China’s food delivery services because of ________.(1) varied products(2) the terrible weather(3) deliverymen’s kindness(4) the fast speed of deliveryA．(1)(4)B．(3)(4)C．(2)(3)21．What’s the best title for this passage?A．China’s food delivery industry is growingB．Fewer people in China like home cookingC．The number of Internet users in China is rising（2021·浙江·模拟预测）During the COVID-19 pandemic, technologies are playing an important role in a time of quarantines（隔离）. And these technologies may have a long-lasting influence beyond COVID-19.Online shopping and robot deliveriesCOVID-19 has changed online shopping from a nice-to-have to a must-have around the world. Some bars in Beijing have even continued to offer happy hours through online orders and delivery.In-person delivery is not safe. Many delivery companies and restaurants in the US and China are offering contactless delivery services where goods are picked up and dropped off from a safe distance rather than from or into the hands of a person.Digital and contactless paymentsCash might carry the virus, so central banks in China, US and South Korea have taken measures to ensure banknotes are clean before they go into circulation（流通）. Now, Digital payments make it much faster and easier to pay online.However, according to the World Bank, there are more than 1.7 billion un-banked people, who may have difficulty in paying online. As we know, digital payments also depend on the Internet.Distance learningAs of mid-April, in 191 countries, many schools and universities started offering courses online to ensure education was not stopped by quarantine measures. Virtual reality, 3D printing and AI robot teachers are three main kinds of technologies of distance learning.However, distance learning could also create economic pressure on _________—especially women—who need to stay at home to watch their children and may face loss of work.22．The word “contactless” in Paragraph 3 is opposite to _________.A．in-person B．distant C．digital D．separated23．According to the last paragraph, which of the following can be fit in “_________”?A．teachers B．parents C．scientists D．bankers24．From the two paragraphs beginning with “However”, the writer shows _________ about these technologies. A．anger B．worries C．expectations D．interests25．All the technologies mentioned above have a great effect on _________ during the COVID-19 pandemic. A．digital payment B．online shoppingC．people’s daily life D．students’ learning（2022·吉林·长春市净月实验中学模拟预测）Do you love fast food? Why? How often do you eat it? 200 people joined our survey. And here is the result.Chart 1: How often do you eat fast food?Chart 2: Why do you love fast food?26．________ of the people eat fast food once a week.A．14%B．28%C．8%D．44%27．6% of the people eat fast food ________.A．twice a week B．three times a week C．more than three times a week D．every day28．44 people love fast food because it's ________.A．cheap B．delicious C．healthy D．convenient29．________ of the people like fast food because they can take it away.A．12%B．14%C．22%D．24%30．What can we learn from the result?A．All people love fast food.B．Fast food makes people fat.C．People eat fast food on weekends.D．Some people don't know what food is healthier.（2022·广东·二模）Isn’t fast food delicious? Aren’t fast food restaurants cool? ... The answer to these questions is yes.However, there are growing facts that fast food is one of the worst parts of modern life. And studies have shown that burgers and fried chicken, which we enjoy so much, can cause a lot of health problems.In spite of (尽管) this, why are fast food restaurants so attractive(吸引人的)? The first and most important reason is that their service is fast. Their staff(员工) are friendly and very smart-looking in their clean and bright uniforms(制服). Moreover, most fast food restaurants are near places that people always pass by. It is so easy to grab a burger and eat on the way to work.Fast food is often so conveniently packed(包装方便) that it will not cause a mess even if you stand and eat it. Fast food restaurants are also very clean. A lot of clever ads(广告) have made them the coolest places in town, but none of them has ever told and will never tell you that too much fast food is not good for your health.Such attractive places are selling junk food! Isn’t it a pity? Is there a way to change the fast food restaurants into special places where you get the best possible, healthy and fresh food?Well, why not?As people realize the health problems that fast food causes, it is quite likely that fast food restaurants may go out of date. It may happen sooner or later.Therefore, instead of resisting(抵制) fast food restaurants, a better idea may be to persuade(说服) them to change their menu! Fast food restaurants can be places to go to when you want to eat something that will be good for your body. If they could combine(结合) healthy food with their speed of service, delicious tastes and comfortable feelings, that will be the next best thing on the earth for the human beings!31．What does “this” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A．Fast food is delicious.B．Fast food restaurants are cool.C．People enjoy fast food.D．Fast food can cause health problems.32．Fast food has many advantages EXCEPT that it’s ________.A．delicious B．fastC．healthy D．unhealthy33．Which word can replace the word “grab” in Paragraph 3?A．move suddenly B．get quicklyC．throw quickly D．carry carefully34．According to the passage, ads about fast food ________.A．show you all the facts B．don’t tell you the whole truthC．make it hard to buy fast food D．make fast food restaurants out of date35．The author advises ________.A．making the service of fast food faster B．resisting fast food restaurantsC．changing tastes of fast food D．making fast food good for health参考答案：1．A2．C3．D4．A【导语】本文主要向大家介绍了中国的食品配送行业的相关情况。
中国物价便宜英文作文
中国物价便宜英文作文下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。
文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!In China, you can find really cheap stuff. Like, you can go to the local markets and get amazing deals on all kinds of things.There are so many choices when it comes to shopping. And the prices are often very reasonable.You don't have to spend a fortune to get what you need. It's great for people on a budget.Even in big cities, there are always some bargains to be had. It's quite surprising sometimes.。
surge 英文解释
surge 英文解释英文回答：Surge is a phenomenon that occurs when a sudden and significant increase in demand for a particular good or service causes a temporary shortage. Surges can be caused by a variety of factors, including:Unexpected events: Natural disasters, geopolitical events, or other unexpected events can lead to a surge in demand for certain goods and services. For example, the COVID-19 pandemic caused a surge in demand for personal protective equipment (PPE), such as masks and gloves.Seasonal factors: Demand for certain goods and services can vary significantly depending on the time of year. For example, demand for heating oil tends to surge during the winter months.New product releases: The release of a new product cancreate a surge in demand, especially if the product ishighly anticipated or generates a lot of buzz. For example, the release of the iPhone 13 caused a surge in demand for the new smartphone.Marketing campaigns: Marketing campaigns can create a surge in demand by generating interest in a particular product or service. For example, a well-executed marketing campaign can lead to a surge in demand for a new car or a new restaurant.Surges can have a variety of consequences, including:Price increases: Surges in demand can lead to price increases, as sellers take advantage of the increased demand to charge higher prices. For example, the surge in demand for PPE during the COVID-19 pandemic led tosignificant price increases for masks and gloves.Shortages: Surges in demand can also lead to shortages, as suppliers struggle to keep up with the increased demand. For example, the surge in demand for toilet paper duringthe early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic led to shortages of toilet paper in many stores.Long wait times: Surges in demand can also lead to long wait times for goods and services. For example, the surge in demand for new cars during the COVID-19 pandemic led to long wait times for popular models.There are a variety of strategies that businesses can use to manage surges in demand, including:Increasing supply: Businesses can increase supply to meet the increased demand. This can be done by increasing production, hiring more workers, or finding new suppliers.Rationing: Businesses can ration goods and services to ensure that everyone has access to what they need. This can be done by limiting the number of items that each customer can purchase or by setting up a waiting list.Raising prices: Businesses can raise prices to discourage demand. This can be an effective strategy if thesurge in demand is temporary.Delaying orders: Businesses can delay orders to spread out the demand over a longer period of time. This can help to avoid shortages and long wait times.中文回答：浪涌。
因地制宜的事例作文素材
因地制宜的事例作文素材英文回答：In order to make the most of the local conditions and resources, people often adapt their actions and decisions accordingly. This approach, known as "因地制宜" in Chinese, is a practical and effective way to solve problems and achieve goals. Let me provide you with some examples to illustrate this concept.One example of "因地制宜" is in agriculture. Farmers around the world have to consider the specific conditions of their land, such as climate, soil type, and water availability, in order to determine the most suitable crops to grow. For instance, in regions with a hot and dry climate, farmers may choose to cultivate drought-resistant crops like cacti or succulents. On the other hand, in areas with abundant rainfall, farmers may opt for rice or other water-intensive crops. By adapting their agricultural practices to the local conditions, farmers can maximizetheir yields and ensure food security.Another example of "因地制宜" can be found in architecture and urban planning. Different regions have their own unique cultural, historical, and environmental characteristics that need to be taken into account when designing buildings and cities. For example, in coastal areas prone to hurricanes or typhoons, architects may design structures that can withstand strong winds and storm surges. In mountainous regions, buildings may be constructed to blend harmoniously with the natural landscape, using local materials and traditional architectural styles. By embracing the local context, architects and urban planners can create sustainable and visually appealing environments that reflect the identity of the place.Furthermore, "因地制宜" is also applicable in business and marketing strategies. Companies often need to tailor their products and services to suit the preferences and needs of different markets. For instance, multinationalfast-food chains like McDonald's and KFC have successfullylocalized their menus in various countries to cater tolocal tastes. In China, for example, McDonald's offers rice dishes and tea to accommodate the local preference for a more diverse and healthier diet. By adapting theirofferings to the local market, companies can gain a competitive edge and better meet the demands of their customers.Overall, "因地制宜" is a principle that emphasizes the importance of considering the specific conditions and characteristics of a place in order to make informed decisions and take appropriate actions. Whether it is in agriculture, architecture, or business, adapting to thelocal context allows individuals and organizations to achieve better outcomes and create a positive impact. By understanding and embracing the unique features of a place, we can harness its full potential and contribute to its sustainable development.中文回答：因地制宜是一种根据当地条件和资源来调整行动和决策的方法。
生煎包英文的介绍作文
生煎包英文的介绍作文Title: The Irresistible Charm of Pan-Fried Dumplings。
Introduction。
Pan-fried dumplings, also known as shengjian bao, are a beloved staple of Chinese cuisine. With their crispy bottoms, juicy fillings, and flavorful aroma, these delectable treats have captured the hearts and taste buds of food enthusiasts worldwide. In this essay, we will delve into the fascinating world of pan-fried dumplings, exploring their history, ingredients, cooking process, and cultural significance.History。
Pan-fried dumplings have a rich history dating back centuries in Chinese culinary tradition. Legend has it that they originated in the streets of Shanghai during the Song Dynasty. Initially sold as a street food snack, thesedumplings quickly gained popularity due to their delicious taste and affordable price. Over time, they evolved into a cherished dish enjoyed in homes and restaurants across China and beyond.Ingredients。
中国美食报道英语作文
中国美食报道英语作文Title: Exploring the Culinary Delights of Chinese Cuisine。
China, renowned for its rich cultural heritage, boastsa culinary tradition that spans thousands of years. Fromthe fiery flavors of Sichuan cuisine to the delicate dim sum of Cantonese fare, Chinese cuisine is a treasure troveof gastronomic delights. In this essay, we delve into the essence of Chinese gastronomy, exploring its diverseregional cuisines, culinary techniques, and cultural significance.At the heart of Chinese cuisine lies a deep reverencefor balance and harmony, both in flavor and presentation. Traditional Chinese cooking places great emphasis on the harmony of the five key flavors: sweet, sour, bitter, spicy, and salty. This balance is achieved through the precise combination of ingredients and seasonings, resulting in dishes that are not only delicious but also nourishing toboth the body and soul.One of the most distinctive features of Chinese cuisine is its regional diversity. Each of China's provinces boasts its own unique culinary traditions, shaped by factors such as geography, climate, and local customs. For example, the fiery and bold flavors of Sichuan cuisine are attributed to the abundant use of Sichuan peppercorns and chili peppers, while the subtle and refined dishes of Suzhou cuisine reflect the elegance of Jiangnan culture.Among the myriad regional cuisines of China, Cantonese cuisine holds a special place as one of the most beloved and internationally recognized. Characterized by its fresh ingredients and meticulous preparation techniques, Cantonese cuisine places a strong emphasis on preserving the natural flavors and textures of the ingredients. From succulent roast meats to delicate seafood dishes, Cantonese cuisine delights the palate with its simplicity and sophistication.Another hallmark of Chinese cuisine is its focus onsymbolism and auspicious meanings. Many traditional Chinese dishes are imbued with symbolic significance, often associated with luck, prosperity, and good fortune. For example, the round shape of dumplings symbolizes unity and completeness, making them a popular choice for celebratory occasions such as Chinese New Year.In addition to its rich culinary heritage, Chinese cuisine also plays a significant role in shaping social interactions and cultural traditions. The act of sharing a meal is deeply ingrained in Chinese culture, serving as a means of fostering bonds and strengthening relationships. Family gatherings and festive occasions are often centered around lavish banquets, where an abundance of food symbolizes abundance and prosperity.Furthermore, the art of Chinese cooking extends beyond the kitchen, encompassing traditional culinary techniques such as stir-frying, steaming, and braising. These time-honored methods not only enhance the flavor and texture of the food but also reflect the ingenuity and resourcefulness of Chinese chefs.In recent years, Chinese cuisine has enjoyed a resurgence in popularity on the global stage, thanks inpart to the proliferation of Chinese restaurants and the growing interest in international gastronomy. With its diverse flavors, rich cultural heritage, and emphasis on balance and harmony, Chinese cuisine continues to captivate the hearts and taste buds of food enthusiasts around the world.In conclusion, Chinese cuisine is a culinary journeythat offers a tantalizing array of flavors, textures, and cultural insights. From the bustling street stalls ofBeijing to the elegant banquet halls of Guangzhou, the essence of Chinese gastronomy lies in its diversity, symbolism, and unwavering commitment to culinary excellence. As we savor the myriad delights of Chinese cuisine, we also come to appreciate the rich tapestry of history, culture, and tradition that has shaped this culinary treasure.。
食品危机的影响英语作文
食品危机的影响英语作文Title: The Impact of Food Crisis。
In recent years, the world has witnessed an alarming increase in food crises, with adverse effects rippling across societies globally. This essay delves into the multifaceted repercussions of food crises, examining their ramifications on economies, health, social stability, and the environment.First and foremost, food crises profoundly impact economies, both on a macro and micro level. At the macroeconomic level, food shortages often lead to inflationary pressures, as the demand for remaining food supplies surges while the supply diminishes. This inflationary trend can erode purchasing power, exacerbating poverty and widening socioeconomic disparities. Moreover, food crises can disrupt agricultural production, which is a significant source of income for many countries. Subsistence farmers, in particular, bear the brunt of cropfailures and unstable food prices, perpetuating cycles of poverty and food insecurity.Beyond economic ramifications, food crises exact a heavy toll on public health. Inadequate access tonutritious food undermines nutritional intake, leading to malnutrition and stunting, especially among vulnerable populations such as children and pregnant women. Malnutrition not only impairs physical development but also compromises immune function, rendering individuals more susceptible to diseases. Furthermore, food scarcity often triggers social unrest and conflict, as communities compete for dwindling resources. In conflict-affected regions, food insecurity becomes a weapon of war, exacerbating human suffering and hindering efforts for peace and stability.Moreover, the environmental footprint of food crises is profound. Intensive agricultural practices, driven by the need to maximize yields, contribute to deforestation, soil degradation, and water depletion. Land conversion for agriculture often encroaches upon biodiverse ecosystems, leading to habitat loss and species extinction.Additionally, the reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides further exacerbates environmental degradation, polluting waterways and disrupting ecological balance. Thus, food crises not only threaten food security but also undermine the long-term sustainability of agricultural systems and environmental health.Addressing food crises requires a multifaceted approach that encompasses emergency relief efforts, sustainable agricultural practices, and policy interventions. In the short term, humanitarian aid is crucial to providing immediate relief to affected populations, ensuring accessto food assistance and nutritional support. Simultaneously, investments in agricultural infrastructure, research, and technology are essential to enhancing the resilience offood systems against climate shocks and other disruptions. Promoting small-scale agriculture, diversifying crops, and implementing agroecological practices can bolster food security while minimizing environmental impacts.Furthermore, policy interventions aimed at addressing root causes of food crises are imperative. This includesaddressing structural inequalities in access to resources, improving social safety nets, and promoting equitable distribution of food resources. Additionally, efforts to mitigate climate change and build adaptive capacity are crucial for safeguarding food systems against future shocks. International cooperation and solidarity are also indispensable, as food crises transcend national boundaries and require collective action to mitigate their impacts effectively.In conclusion, food crises pose multifaceted challenges with far-reaching consequences for economies, health,social stability, and the environment. Addressing these challenges demands concerted efforts at local, national,and global levels, encompassing emergency relief, sustainable agriculture, and policy reforms. Only through comprehensive and collaborative action can we effectively mitigate the impacts of food crises and build a moreresilient and equitable food system for all.。
七年级下册英语作文——描写食物价格带翻译
七年级下册英语作文——描写食物价格带翻译Prices are still rising in China. In the year of the pig, the serious shortage of pork and the soaring price of pork have become national news. For centuries, as people switched to fish and eggs, pork has been the basis of all income in China, and they have found that the price of these foods is accelerating.Although the decrease of food shortage, the rising cost of animal feed and the outbreak of diseases have helped to offset the rise in commodity prices to some extent, the unexpected snow impact may be in the future As a result, China's consumer prices rose sharply in January compared with the same period last year. The Chinese government is worried about the chain reaction caused by the soaring pork price. As a result, the sustained and widespread rise in prices has a huge impact on families and may aggravate income inequality, which is a sensitive political issue.A number of financial measures are being implemented, including subsidizing universities and low-income families. However, in view of the deterioration of the world economy,whether monetary policy should be used to curb prices is highly divergent. It seems that the rise of pork prices is certain tomorrow.中文翻译：中国的物价仍在上涨。
英文produce的汉语是什么意思
英文produce的汉语是什么意思英文produce的汉语是什么意思我们要知道单词produce的英文发音，还要知道它的汉语意思。
以下是店铺为大家整理了英语单词produce所指的汉语意思，一起来看看吧!produce的汉语意思英 [prdju:s]；美 [prdu:s]第三人称单数：produces现在分词：producing过去分词：produced过去式：produced及物/不及物动词产生; 生产; 制作; 创作及物动词制造; 出示; 引起; [经济学]生利名词产品; 产量; 产额; 结果相关例句及物动词1. The factory produces 1,000 cars a week.这家工厂每星期生产一千辆轿车。
2. Hard work produces success.辛勤劳动带来成功。
3. Gas can be produced from coal.煤气可用煤来制造。
4. Hard work often produces good results.努力工作经常会有好结果。
produce的单语例句1. The companies and the municipal government of Chengdu in Southwest China plan to form a joint venture to produce business jets in that city.2. The country is expected to reduce 10 percent of damages caused by natural disasters, and is able to design and produce small satellites for the earth observance.3. " We will try to produce 40 percent of the oil we need by then, " he said.4. The vapor is condensed against a surface cooled by water from the deep, to produce desalinated water.5. China's wholesale oil sector has long been dominated by Sinopec and PetroChina, which produce and sell the lion's share of oil products in the nation.6. Xinhua agricultural produce prices monitoring system detected price surges in many vegetables, with the biggest jump of 33 percent in the price of Chinese cabbage from Friday.7. Each region has been told to produce a plan of action anda schedule for the campaign.8. Waters also has pushed the administration to adopt her Edible Schoolyard project in which children plant their own produce to eat in the school cafeteria.9. Cai will work with local volunteers to produce a number of new gunpowder drawings for the exhibition to showcase his approach to contemporary art.10. " China will produce more musicians of international caliber as it becomes more open, " he says.produce的词典解释1. 产生;引起;造成To produce something means to cause it to happen.e.g. The drug is known to produce side-effects in women...据悉，这种药会对女性产生副作用。
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大学英语四六级网考学习资料
Food Price Surges In China
CNN
重庆大学谢祖全编写
2011年1月14日
On the outskirts of Beijing, (1)(5W)workers are attending to tomatoes at Wang Liufeng's greenhouse, the former electronics manager switching to farming two years ago and (2)(5W)what turned out to be a money-making move.
"Food prices have gone up in the markets," she says, "(3)(5W)which means profits here for us."
Prices for all sorts of food have been going up, pushing inflation in China to its (4)(5W)highest level in two years. For 2011, the government has vowed to combat rising prices to keep food (5)(5W)affordable for its people and prevent any social unrest.
"Prices have definitely gone up," the shopper says, "Things are more expensive across the board than past year."
But (6)(25W)while most complaining about their ever increasing grocery bill, others are taking advantage, sparking a trend worldwide, including China.
The prices of vegetables in China are rising in the double digits. The high prices are encouraging more people to invest in farming.
Here in a country where (7)(5W)rural incomes have lagged behind. More people are looking to work the land. The (8)(5W)government is offering financial incentives, helping Wang open ten greenhouses throughout the year.
"We are making more now," she says, "and with government subsidies, (9)(5W)I have done better than in my previous line of work."
But inflation has also raised the cost of farming. (10)(5W)The higher price of fuel, labour and other materials has been eating into farmers' profits.
If (11)(5W)you look at the data, actually there has been bad weather.
And because there is a production decline, that's why and there has also been problems in transport. (12)(25W)Transport costs have increased. There is not a, you know, clear winner.
Yet with so many greenhouses, Wang feels like an unexpected winner in this global food crisis.
Eunice Yoon, CNN, Wang Mu Ying.。