Victorian Christmas - Wikispaces
圣诞节的习俗英文版
圣诞节的习俗英文版Christmas TraditionsChristmas is a widely celebrated festival observed by people all over the world. It is a time of joy, kindness, and love, as it commemorates the birth of Jesus Christ. Although Christmas is a religious holiday for Christians, it has also become a cultural phenomenon with various customs and traditions. In this article, we will explore the different Christmas traditions and their significance in English-speaking countries.1. Decorations and Christmas TreesOne of the most iconic Christmas traditions is decorating homes and public spaces with festive ornaments. People in English-speaking countries often adorn their houses with colorful lights, wreaths, and garlands. But the centerpiece of these decorations is the Christmas tree. A Christmas tree, usually an evergreen conifer, is decorated with baubles, tinsel, and ornaments. It is believed that the tradition of a Christmas tree originated in Germany and was popularized in the United Kingdom during the Victorian era. Today, decorating the Christmas tree is a cherished activity for families, bringing them together in the spirit of Christmas.2. Christmas StockingsAnother beloved tradition is hanging Christmas stockings. Children in English-speaking countries eagerly await Santa Claus, believing that he will fill their stockings with gifts while they sleep. The origin of this tradition dates back to the fourth century when St. Nicholas, the inspiration for Santa Claus, would leave small presents in stockings hung by the fireplace. Thistradition has evolved over time, and stockings are now hung by the fireplace or at the foot of the bed on Christmas Eve.3. Santa Claus and Christmas EveSanta Claus, also known as Father Christmas, plays a significant role in Christmas celebrations. He is depicted as a jolly man with a long white beard, dressed in a red suit. According to tradition, Santa Claus travels on his sleigh, pulled by reindeer, and delivers gifts to children all around the world on Christmas Eve. Children often leave out milk and cookies for Santa Claus to enjoy while he delivers presents. The story of Santa Claus has roots in the legend of St. Nicholas, a generous bishop who distributed gifts to the needy.4. Christmas Carols and MusicMusic is an integral part of Christmas celebrations in English-speaking countries. Christmas carols, traditional songs with religious or festive themes, are sung during church services and in homes. Familiar tunes such as "Jingle Bells," "Silent Night," and "Deck the Halls" resonate throughout the holiday season, bringing joy and a sense of togetherness. Many artists release Christmas albums each year, offering modern interpretations of classic carols and introducing new holiday songs.5. Christmas DinnerChristmas dinner is a time-honored tradition that brings families and friends together to share a festive meal. In English-speaking countries, a typical Christmas dinner often includes roast turkey or ham, accompanied by roasted potatoes, vegetables, and cranberry sauce. The meal is usuallytopped off with a traditional Christmas pudding, a rich and fruity dessert often served with brandy butter or custard. This feast symbolizes abundance, gratitude, and unity, as loved ones gather around the table to celebrate the joyous occasion.6. Gift ExchangesThe act of giving and receiving gifts is an essential part of Christmas traditions in English-speaking countries. People exchange presents with family, friends, and colleagues as a gesture of love, appreciation, and goodwill. This tradition is inspired by the biblical story of the Three Wise Men presenting gifts to the baby Jesus. The tradition of exchanging gifts has evolved over time, and today, it is a way to show gratitude and strengthen relationships during the holiday season.In conclusion, Christmas traditions in English-speaking countries are diverse, rich, and filled with meaning. From decorating Christmas trees to exchanging gifts, each tradition reflects the spirit of love, generosity, and joy that is synonymous with Christmas. These customs have been passed down through generations, creating a sense of continuity and togetherness. As we celebrate Christmas, let us embrace these traditions and remember the true essence of the holiday – spreading happiness, kindness, and goodwill to all.。
圣诞节的由来英语版有汉语翻译
圣诞节的由来英语版有汉语翻译
Christmas Day-December 25-which celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ, the founder of the Christian religion, is the biggest and best-loved holiday in the United States.
12月25日的圣诞节是庆祝基督教创始人耶稣基督生日的日子,是美国、人们最喜爱的节日.
According to the Bible, the holy book of Christians, God decided to allow his only son, Jesus Christ, to be born to a human mother and live on earth so that people could understand God better and learn to love God and each other more. "Christmas"- meaning "celebration of Christ "- honors the time when Jesus was born to a young Jewish woman Mary.
据基督教徒的圣书《圣经》说,上帝决定让他的独生子耶稣基督投生人间,找个母亲,然后就在人间生活,以便人们能更好地了解上帝、学习热爱上帝和更好地相互热爱.“圣诞节”的意思是“庆祝基督”,庆祝一个年轻的犹太妇女玛丽娅生下耶稣的时刻.。
少儿英语-圣诞节英文介绍
fireplace
Christmas stockings
Game Time
游戏规则：
四个人或五个人一组。 每个人分别代表一个颜色。 一人先开始说“red蹲，red蹲，red蹲完，blue蹲” 被叫到的人继续说，若未说出则被淘汰， 被淘汰的人要给大家表演一个节目。
How do people celebrate Christmas?
圣诞节美食
流 口 水 了 不 ？
圣诞节装扮
Blessing: Merry Christmas!
Music:
Merry Christmas!
Thanks!!
圣诞树
Christmas tree
present / gift
圣诞礼物Christmas Gift
How to get the gifts ?
圣诞卡Christmas card 圣诞苹果Christmas apple
What is he doing ?
Father Christmas lands on top of each house , climbs down the chimney into the fireplace and fills in Christmas stockings with presents.
• （平安夜）
• 即圣诞前夕（12月24日），在大部分基督 教社会是圣诞节庆祝节日之一 。大多数欧美 家庭成员团聚在家中，共进丰盛的晚餐，然 后围坐在熊熊燃烧的火炉旁，弹琴唱歌，共 叙天伦之乐；或者举办一个别开生面的化妆 舞会，通宵达旦地庆祝圣诞夜是一个幸福、 祥和、狂欢的平安夜、团圆夜。圣诞之夜， 父母们会悄悄地给孩子们准备礼物放在长统 袜里。
People get together with relatives(亲 戚) and friends and have a big dinner.
圣诞节纽约的夜景英文作文
圣诞节纽约的夜景英文作文The Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree is a symbol of holiday cheer and joy in New York City. Standing tall at approximately 75 to 90 feet, this majestic Norway spruce is decorated with over 50,000 multicolored LED lights and topped with a glorious star. Every year, millions of visitors gather at Rockefeller Plaza to witness the lighting ceremony, which takes place in late November. As night falls, the tree illuminates the entire plaza, creating a magical ambiance that can be seen from miles away. The surrounding area is also decorated with festive displays, including elaborate window displays at the nearby department stores like Saks Fifth Avenue and Bergdorf Goodman.Just a short walk from Rockefeller Center is another iconic Christmas attraction - the Radio City Music Hall. Home to the renowned Rockettes, Radio City Music Hall hosts the annual Christmas Spectacular show, complete with dazzling dance numbers, extravagant costumes, and even a visit from Santa Claus himself. The theater, with its stunning Art Deco architecture, provides a perfect backdrop for the festive performances. At night, the theater illuminates the streets, adding to the overall magical atmosphere of the city.Heading downtown, we arrive at another must-visit spot during the holidays - the Winter Village at Bryant Park. Situated behind the New York Public Library, this charming European-inspired market brings a touch of seasonal cheer to the city. As the sun sets, thousands of holiday lights twinkle throughout the park, casting a warm glow over the ice-skating rink and the numerous vendor booths. Visitors can browse through the array of gift options, from handmade crafts to delicious food and beverages. The park also hosts a variety of holiday-themed events, including live performances and storytelling sessions. Moving further downtown, we reach the iconic Times Square. Known for its vibrant billboards and bustling atmosphere, Times Square takes on a whole new level of excitement during the Christmas season. As the clock strikes midnight, the square is illuminated by an array of dazzling lights and digital displays, creating a spectacle that is truly mesmerizing. The famous New Year's Eve ball drop, which takes place at the stroke of midnight on December 31st, is a beloved tradition watched by millions around the world. During the holiday season, Times Square is also home to several pop-up shops, where visitors can find unique holiday gifts and souvenirs.Crossing over to the other side of Manhattan, we arrive at Central Park - a peaceful oasis in the midst of the bustling city. During the Christmas season, the park transforms into a winter wonderland, with several attractions showcasing the holiday spirit. The Wollman Rink, located near the park's southern entrance, is a popular spot for ice-skating enthusiasts. Surrounded by tall trees adorned with lights, the rink provides a magical setting for a nighttime skate. Nearby, the Central Park Zoo also gets into the holiday spirit with special decorations and festive events.Finally, we cannot talk about the Christmas nighttime scenery in New York City without mentioning the iconic department store window displays. Each year, stores like Macy's,Bloomingdale's, and Tiffany & Co. go all out to create elaborate and imaginative displays that delight both young and old. The windows are filled with animated characters, enchanting scenes, and intricate details, making them works of art in their own right. As night falls, the displays are illuminated, creating a captivating visual experience for passersby.In conclusion, experiencing the nighttime scenery of New York City during the Christmas season is truly a magical and unforgettable experience. From the towering Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree to the dazzling lights of Times Square, the city comes alive with festive cheer and a sense of wonder. Whether you're ice-skating in Bryant Park, enjoying a holiday show at Radio City Music Hall, or simply strolling along the streets to admire the window displays, the nighttime beauty of New York City during Christmas is sure to leave a lasting impression.。
圣诞节的资料英文
， 导语：关于圣诞节的资料，有兴趣的可以阅读一下。
下 面是小编整理的圣诞节的资料英文，供各位阅读与参考。
纪念耶稣诞生的日子，称为圣诞节。
各国基督教徒都举行隆重的纪念仪式。
圣诞节本来是基督教 徒的节日，由于人们格外重视，它便成为一个全民性的节日， 国家一年中最盛大的节日，可以和新年相提并论。
西方人以红、绿、白三色为圣诞色，圣诞节来临时家家 色的是圣诞树。
它是圣诞节的主要装饰品，用砍伐来的杉、圣诞节的由来英文每年的 12 月 25Every year on December 25, the birth of Jesus Christ ， is celebrated and called Christmas.从12 月24 日于翌年 1 月6 日为圣诞节节期。
节日期间，From December 24th to January 6th many people celebrate the Christmas feast. During the festival, Christians hold one or more ceremonies. Christmas was originally a Christian festival, but because of many people’s attention, it became a national holiday. In western countries it is the biggest festival in ayear .It is similar in importance to the Spring Festival.户户都要用圣诞色来装饰。
红色的有圣诞花和圣诞蜡烛。
绿柏一类呈塔形的常青树装饰而成。
上面悬挂着五颜六色的彩圣诞节的资料英文 日，是基督教徒灯和礼物。
Westerners often dress in red, green and white for Christmas. Many families use these three colors to decorate during Christmas. Red is used in Christmas flowers and Christmas candles. Green is found in the Christmas tree. For the Christmas decorations, people cut many trees, especially evergreen trees to use for decoration. People often hang many lights on the tree红色与白色相映成趣的是圣诞老人，他是圣诞节活动中最受欢迎的人物。
圣诞颂歌英语读后感
圣诞颂歌英语读后感读完《圣诞颂歌》，想必你会心有所感，不妨将这份感想用英语写下来吧！下面是小编整理的圣诞颂歌英语，欢迎阅读参考。
圣诞颂歌英语读后感篇1In the book drifting activity, I am the administrator of "Christmas Carol".Now, let me introduce this book to you. Its main contents are:Scrooge is a miser with a cold heart and a mean disposition. On Christmas Eve, he refused to do good and hated happy celebrations. So the soul of his late partner, Marley, came to see him and warned him that he would suffer as much as he did after his death. The glimmer of hope to get rid of this fate lies in the visit of three ghosts to him. As expected, the former, the present and the coming Christmas elves have witnessed Scrooge's fall in the past, the happiness of his employees and nephews today and his lonely death in the future. Scrooge got inspiration from it, finally woke up, and finally became a loving, benevolent person.After reading this article, I understand that we should be full of love, charity, not cold hearted, mean-natured. When the world is full of love, the world will be better.I hope you all read this book.圣诞颂歌英语读后感篇2This past December, I read Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol for the first time. Of course, I have seen the story done on stage a number of times (mostly as a child)， and the various movies are a yearly Christmas tradition. (My favorite is Albert Finney's portrayal in the early 1970's British musical version "Scrooge.") But despite being very familiar with the story itself through stage and film, and despite having bought a copy of the book some years back, I had never taken the time to sit down and read the story.So, having bought a new edition of the book after Christmas last year, I finally sat down in December and began the original story.It was absolutely sublime!As much as I love the film and stage adaptations of the story, the book was just wonderful. So full of color and imagination and description - you could fairly feel the 19th century London cold, the piles of apples and oranges on the street carts, the hawkers calling out to passers-by bundled head-to-toe in woolen coats and boots.This really is the quintessential Victorian Christmas story. I suppose I'm only about 170 years late in determining that, but now that I have read the story, I can see why it was such an instantaneous hit with readers. It was so successful during his lifetime, in fact, that Dickens began a tradition of writing Christmas stories every year. The edition of A Christmas Carol that I purchased last year has two other Dickens Christmas stories in it as well, although I have not yet dived into those two.So I highly recommend this book. If you have seen any or most of the various Scrooge movies that have been made over the years, much of the book will be familiar, but there are a few scenes here and there that I have never seen re-enacted in a play or a movie, including a trip out to a mining colony on the coast of England, and a hovering ride over the English Channel to view Christmas on a Navy ship.Even after all these years of watching movies and plays based upon this story, I was still moved, emotionally, while reading this book, particularly during the scenes with the Cratchit family. And at the end, I almost felt a tear well up when Scrooge showed up on his nephew's doorstep for Christmas Lunch.To end, let me quote one of the more poignant passages from the book. The Ghost of Christmas Present has just reminded Scrooge of his harsh words about how if the poor are going to die "then they had better do it, and decrease the surplus population." The Ghost quoted the same phrase after Scrooge expressed concern about whether or not Tiny Tim would die. The Ghost goes on to say the following:"Man," said the Ghost, "if man you be in heart, not adamant, forbear that wicked cant until you have discovered What the surplus is, and Where it is. Will you decide what men shall live, what men shall die? It may be, that in the sight of Heaven, you are more worthless and less fit to live than millions like this poor man's child. Oh God! To hear the Insect on the leaf pronouncing on the too much life among his hungry brothers in the dust."That last line, in particular, strikes a powerful chord. How relevent, 170 years downstream, and in another country, for the self-righteous protestations of the wealthy American!圣诞颂歌英语读后感篇3A christmas carol is one of the best-known works of charles Dickens, who is a criticism writer in the 19th century. His works mainly reflect the reality and A christmas carol, with no exception, mirrors westerners#39; lives on christmas.The novel tells an old man who regards money as his own life---Ebenezer Scrooge. Even on christmas Eve, when the family gets together and people bless each other, he is still quite mean to everybody. It is not until three ghosts#39; coming to reveal his childhood, present and future that he realizes how important to be good to others and what christmas means. The ghosts of the past, present and future visit Scrooge and help him see how his behaviour has impacted on his life, and the way that he is treated by other people as a consequence. At the end of the novel, Scrooge is no longer the one he has been.From the novel I#39;ve learned what the inherent meaning of christmas is, which results in my thinking about how to treat others.christmas is to western countries what Spring Festival is to china. Although both festivals are designed to celebrating the coming year, they have their distinctive characters. I used to assume that christmas is merely about Santa claus, gifts, or big meal. Now I have realized christmas is also the time to put away one#39;s hatred and to treat others well sincerely. For instance, Bob, Scrooge#39;s clerk, toasts the longevity and health of Scrooge though Scrooge gives him so little money that he can hardly make ends meet. Bob and his families live in poverty; however, they know gratitude and amicability. Hence they lead a full-of-laughter life. In contrast, wealthy as he is, Scrooge is as dismal as the dark night. To be friendly——a spirit of christmas——is one of the differences between christmas and Spring Festival. Nowadays an increasing number of young chinese have been taking a fancy to christmas as if it were a most fashionable symbol. But how many of them recognize what christmas means indeed? I think there is no point in celebrating christmas without knowing the christmas culture.As for the protagonist, Scrooge, he is a representative of those who go to extreme to earn money so that he ignores love-----love for friends, for soul mate, and for people in need. To some extend, Scrooge is lucky in that he meets three ghosts and avoids ending upin being a wandering ghost like his partner, marley.Scrooge finally becomes a man with great heart. whereas, there are still Scrooges in our present society. Especially in china, the richer they are, the more reluctant they are when it comes to doing charity. Although it is not obligatory for the rich to donate money, the world needs all people#39;s love, no matter who you are. Last but not the least, happiness does not lie in what you have gained but what you have dedicated.To sum up, A christmas carol rethinks the relationship among people, convincing readers that human beings should be kind to each other.圣诞颂歌英语读后感篇4w people are like him, originally very stingy, denier is later,it becomes very easy. This person is the jersey Abby. Scrooge.In one night, scrooge dead friend Mali the ghost told him, three elves will come to visit him tonight, take him to see his own past and future.Finally the first elves came, he took his scrooge went to see his past, he was very sad, because he is for money, lost love, he also missed the chance to get married.The second elves at 1 am also appeared, it asked scrooge, want to see what place, he said he wanted to see BaoBoKe lachey's house. Came to the house of kluge, scrooge found kluge, although the surrounding environment is very poor, but they know what to content, so still is very happy very happy. His cold heart began to melt for a long time.Later, at last a genie appeared, the last elves with scrooge went to see his mistakes, making his cold heart completely melted. Finally, scrooge became a respected benefactor.圣诞颂歌英语读后感篇5A Christmas Carol is one of the most famous works of Charles Dickens, who is a Criticism writer in the 19th century. His works mainly reflect the reality. So I like his works very much.Charles Dickens was born in 1812, England. He had manydifficulties during his childhood. However, these experiences enriched his life, at the same time, supporting many writing materials for his writing. He wrote more than 20 novels in all, reflecting the hate to the money and the sympathy to the common people. His works, such as Great Expectations, a Tale 0f Tw0 Cities, were affected by many readers.This novel told a people who regard money as important as his own life---Scrooge. Even on Christmas Eve, he was also quite mean to everybody. There are five chapters in all. Chapter 1 introduced scrooge’s character and Marley, his friend’s ghost. The language was very beautiful and active. I like this part best. As followed there was a part of word to describe Scrooge: he was a hard man with money, hard as a stone. He was a secret self-contained man;friendless and alone .the coldness inside him froze his old face. His eyes were red. His thin lips were blue. Cold seemed to stiffen his way of walking. The hair on his head and above his eyes was white, white as snow. He carries this coldness with him always wherever he went. This part illustrated Scrooge was a cold man. He grasped the money tightly. As the following story, Scrooge refused his nephew invitation to have the dinner with his family. And he always scolded the Christmas is humbug. He didn’t believe the existence of Christmas and didn’t want to share his happiness and money with others. He had dinner in an inn and then went home. He had rooms in a house which had once belonged to Marley. Scolded sat quietly on the coach. But suddenly there is a big knocker on the door. It was Marley’s ghost. The ghost was bound by the heavy chain and told Scrooge its tragic fate. The ghost told Scrooge that three spirits will come to Scrooge and then faded away.From chapter 2 to chapter 4, it talked about the three spirits. The first spirit stood for the past. It showed the happy times in the past of Scrooge. In the past Scrooge always said “Merry Christmas” to whoever he met. He loved life and enjoyed everything in his life. In this part the spirit also showed the first work of Scrooge. His boss, Fezziwig, treated them very well on Christmas. But Scrooge gradually changed. He loved money more than his lover. So his lover parted with him. It’s the money that made Scrooge lost many things. The second stands for the present. in this part , Scrooge is a greedy man . He has no mercy to everything and waste of his time. The thirdspirit stands for the future. In this part, it showed that Scrooge regret what he had done. And Scrooge was impressed at last. He understood money is not the only thing that is worth to reserve. Love and care were important too.At the last chapter, that is chapter 5, Scrooge changed himself and gave mercy to the poor. And he had dinner with his nephew.All in all, this story has a perfect end. Form this story, I realized that in this world, money is not everything. We also need love and help.。
圣诞节的象征事物英语作文
圣诞节的象征事物英语作文One of the most iconic symbols of Christmas is the Christmas tree. The tradition of decorating a tree can be traced back to ancient pagan rituals, but it became popularized during the Victorian era in England. Today, people all over the world bring a real or artificial tree into their homes and decorate it with lights, ornaments, and tinsel. The Christmas tree symbolizes the everlasting hope and joy that the holiday season brings.Another important symbol of Christmas is the Nativity scene or crèche. This scene depicts the birth of Jesus Christ in a stable in Bethlehem, surrounded by the Holy Family, shepherds, and the Three Wise Men. The Nativity scene is a reminder of the true meaning of Christmas and the Christian belief in the birth of the Savior. Many families display a Nativity scene in their homes as a way to remember and honor this sacred event.Santa Claus, or Father Christmas, is perhaps the most recognizable symbol of Christmas. Santa is known for his jolly appearance, red suit, and long white beard. According to legend, Santa Claus travels around the world on Christmas Eve, delivering gifts to well-behaved children. The image of Santa Claus brings joy and excitement, especially to young children. Many families leave cookies and milk out for Santa Claus, and children eagerly anticipate waking up on Christmas morning to see what gifts he has left for them.Gift giving is another significant aspect of Christmas. The act of exchanging gifts dates back to the biblical story of the Three Wise Men bringing gifts to the baby Jesus. Today, giving and receiving gifts is a way to show love and appreciation for family and friends. Many people spend weeks searching for the perfect gifts, wrapping them in colorful paper, and placing them under the tree. The tradition of giving gifts on Christmas morning is a symbol of the selflessness and generosity that is associated with the season.Christmas carols and music are also synonymous with the holiday season. Songs like "Jingle Bells," "Silent Night," and "Deck the Halls" are heard everywhere during the weeks leading up to Christmas. Caroling is a popular tradition where groups of people go from house to house, singing Christmas songs and spreading cheer. Music has the power to bring people together and uplift spirits, and Christmas carols are an embodiment of the joyous spirit of the season.Decorations such as wreaths, lights, and stockings are also symbols of Christmas. Wreaths, often made from evergreen branches, are hung on doors as a sign of welcome and good luck. Lights are strung up on houses and trees and represent the guiding light of Jesus. Stockings are hung by the fireplace in anticipation of Santa Claus filling them with small gifts and treats. These decorations create a festive and warm atmosphere and are a visual reminder of the holiday season.Food plays a significant role in Christmas celebrations as well. Traditional dishes like roast turkey, mashed potatoes, and mince pies are enjoyed by many during Christmas dinner. Different cultures have their own unique culinary traditions, but the act of sharing a mealwith loved ones is universal. The festive feasts are a symbol of abundance and togetherness, as families and friends come together to celebrate and share in the joy of the season.In conclusion, Christmas is a time of celebration and joy, and it is filled with symbols that represent the holiday spirit. From the Christmas tree to the Nativity scene, Santa Claus to gift giving, these symbols have become integral parts of our cultural traditions. They bring a sense of magic and wonder to the season, reminding us of the importance of love, kindness, and generosity. As we gather with our loved ones, exchange gifts, sing carols, and enjoy festive meals, let us remember and cherish these Christmas symbols and the deeper meanings they impart.。
维多利亚时代的圣诞复古装饰古典音乐和古老传统的庆祝方式
维多利亚时代的圣诞复古装饰古典音乐和古老传统的庆祝方式维多利亚时代的圣诞复古装饰：古典音乐与古老传统的庆祝方式在现代快节奏的生活中，很多人都希望能够回归到过去，体验那些充满历史的独特时光。
维多利亚时代是一个充满浪漫和文化的时代，而圣诞节的庆祝方式也体现了这种风情。
本文将带您回到维多利亚时代，讲述圣诞复古装饰以及古典音乐与古老传统的庆祝方式。
一、圣诞复古装饰的迷人之处在维多利亚时代，圣诞节被视为一个重要的庆祝日，人们用各种装饰品来装点家居，营造节日气氛。
圣诞树是其中最具代表性的装饰物之一。
维多利亚时代的圣诞树注重细节和华丽，常常使用珠宝、丝带、纸花等装饰物。
树上会挂上小礼物和巧克力棒，孩子们在圣诞节当天可以拿下来享用。
此外，维多利亚时代的圣诞装饰还包括圣诞花环、绿色植物、蜡烛和糖果盒等。
圣诞花环是在门上或墙上挂上绿色植物，再用红丝带和小装饰品装点而成。
而清代的矮圣诞树是将多种绿色植物修剪成圆锥形状，或放入花瓶中点缀，在树上悬挂小饰品和糖果。
维多利亚时代的家庭还喜欢将蜡烛放在窗台上，以照亮夜晚，并象征希望和温暖。
二、古典音乐：回味经典的维多利亚时代维多利亚时代的音乐和现代相比，更注重曲调的优美和深情。
圣诞期间，人们会在家庭聚会或宗教仪式中演奏一些经典的圣诞音乐。
其中最具代表性的就是《平安夜》和《欢乐颂》。
《平安夜》是世界上最为著名的圣诞歌曲之一，它表达了平和、和谐和团结的感觉。
维多利亚时代的人们会在圣诞节前夜或当天晚上合唱这首歌曲，来庆祝这个特殊的时刻。
《欢乐颂》是另一首广为人知的经典之作，它充满了活力和喜悦的氛围。
在维多利亚时代，人们会在圣诞节期间唱这首歌曲来庆祝节日的到来。
维多利亚时代的音乐不仅用于庆祝圣诞节，还在家庭聚会和晚宴上演奏。
这些音乐既能让人回味过去，又能唤起人们的情感共鸣。
三、古老传统的庆祝方式：质朴而有温度除了装饰和音乐，维多利亚时代的圣诞节庆祝还包括一些古老的传统方式，这些方式注重亲情和友情的表达。
2023年生活知识_圣诞节的由来英文翻译
2023年圣诞节的由来英文翻译2023年圣诞节的由来英文翻译1圣诞节(Christmas)又称耶诞节，译名为“基督弥撒”，西方传统节日，在每年12月25日。
弥撒是教会的一种礼拜仪式。
圣诞节是一个宗教节，因为把它当作耶稣的诞辰来庆祝，故名“耶诞节”。
[1]大部分的天主教教堂都会先在24日的平安夜，亦即12月25日凌晨举行子夜弥撒，而一些基督教会则会举行报佳音，然后在12月25日庆祝圣诞节;基督教的另一大分支——东正教的圣诞节庆则在每年的1月7日。
圣诞节也是西方世界以及其他很多地区的公共假日，例如：在亚洲的香港、澳门、马来西亚和新加坡。
圣经实际上并无记载耶稣诞生日期，圣诞节是后人公定的。
Christmas, also known as Christmas, is called "Christs mass", a traditional western festival, which falls on December 25 each year. A mass is a kind of church service. Christmas is a religious festival, because it is celebrated as the birthday of Jesus. Therefore, it is known as "Christmas day". [1]Most of the Catholic church will first in 24th Christmas Eve, that is, the date, December 25, held at midnight mass, and some of the Christian church will hold good tidings, and then celebrate Christmas on December 25, Another branch of Christianity, the orthodox Christmas festival, falls on January 7th every year.Christmas is also a public holiday in the western world and many other regions, such as Hong Kong, macau, Malaysia and Singapore in Asia. The bible does not actually record the date of the birth of Jesus.圣诞节英语祝福语1、may the joy of christmas be with you throughout the year.愿圣诞佳节的喜悦，伴随您在度过新的一年。
跨文化交际中英文化对比21
Christmas Gifts
Father Christmas an old man with red clothes and a long white beard stockings (or pillowcases) on Christmas Eve
Other Christmas Celebrations
Family-oriented activities Large public events
New Year’s resolutions
New Year’s Eve Celebrations
The Ball Drop at New York City’s Times Square A Midnight Run event in New York’s Central Park New Year’s celebrations held in major theme parks Celebrations on the Las Vegas Strip Parades and special football games
Town halls and restaurants Churches and cathedrals ,the Midnight Mass(子夜弥撒) on Christmas Eve or a service on Christmas morning
Other Christmas Celebrations
Topic 3
Christmas in the UK and New Year’s Day in the US
Lead-in
How do westerners celebrate these festivals? Christmas in the UK and New Year’s Day in the US.
狄更斯圣诞颂歌英文版
狄更斯圣诞颂歌英文版Title: A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens - An OverviewIntroduction:A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens is a timeless classic that has captivated readers for generations. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the English version of this beloved novel. The article will be structured with an introduction, followed by five main points, each containing three to five subpoints, and a conclusion summarizing the key aspects of the novel.Main Point 1: Plot Summary1.1 Introduction of Ebenezer Scrooge1.2 Encounter with the Ghost of Jacob Marley1.3 Visits from the Ghosts of Christmas Past, Present, and Yet to Come1.4 Redemption of Scrooge1.5 Transformation of Scrooge's characterMain Point 2: Themes Explored2.1 The Importance of Redemption and Second Chances2.2 The Spirit of Christmas and Generosity2.3 The Consequences of Ignorance and Greed2.4 The Power of Reflection and Self-Improvement2.5 The Value of Human Connection and CompassionMain Point 3: Character Analysis3.1 Ebenezer Scrooge: A Miserly and Cold-hearted Businessman3.2 Bob Cratchit: A Dedicated and Humble Clerk3.3 Tiny Tim: A Symbol of Hope and Innocence3.4 Jacob Marley: A Warning of the Afterlife's Consequences3.5 The Ghosts: Catalysts for Scrooge's TransformationMain Point 4: Social Commentary4.1 Depiction of Victorian Society and Its Injustices4.2 Critique of the Industrial Revolution's Impact on the Working Class4.3 Examination of Wealth Disparity and Its Consequences4.4 The Role of Education and Ignorance in Society4.5 Reflection on the Importance of Family and CommunityMain Point 5: Literary Techniques5.1 Symbolism: The Use of Ghosts, Chains, and Christmas5.2 Foreshadowing: Clues Throughout the Story5.3 Irony: Scrooge's Transformation and the Spirit of Christmas5.4 Imagery: Vivid Descriptions of Characters and Settings5.5 Narrative Structure: The Three Stave FormatConclusion:In conclusion, A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens is a remarkable work that explores themes of redemption, generosity, and the true spirit of Christmas. Through a captivating plot, memorable characters, and Dickens' masterful use of literary techniques, the novel delivers a powerful social commentary on Victorian society. It serves as a reminder of the importance of compassion, self-reflection, and the value of humanconnection. A Christmas Carol continues to resonate with readers worldwide, reminding us of the true meaning of the holiday season.。
圣诞节有真的鬼吗英文作文
圣诞节有真的鬼吗英文作文Introduction:Christmas is a holiday widely celebrated around the world, embodying joy, kindness, and the spirit of giving. It is a time to come together with loved ones, exchange gifts, and take part in various festive activities. However, there has always been an eerie fascination surrounding Christmas and the idea of supernatural entities, specifically ghosts. This article aims to explore the existence of real ghosts during Christmas, examining historical accounts, cultural beliefs, and personal experiences. While there is no concrete evidence, the tales and legends linked to Christmas ghosts continue to capture the imagination of many.I. The Historical Origins of Christmas Ghost Stories (900 words)1.1 The influence of Charles Dickens' "A Christmas Carol"- The contribution of Dickens in popularizing the notion of Christmas ghosts.- The tale of Ebenezer Scrooge and the visitation of three spirits.- The impact of "A Christmas Carol" on Victorian society.1.2 Ancient pagan beliefs and the ghostly connections- The intermingling of Christmas with pagan traditions and folklore.- The significance of the winter solstice and its connection to spiritual occurrences.- How these ancient beliefs have shaped present-day Christmas ghost stories.II. Cultural Beliefs and Customs Associated with Christmas Ghosts (1200 words)2.1. The tradition of telling ghost stories on Christmas Eve- The practice of sharing ghost stories during the festive season.- Examples from different cultures and their unique tales.- The psychological reasons behind embracing the supernatural during Christmas.2.2. The myth of the "Christmas Ghost" in different countries- German folklore: the "Weihnachtsmann" and his ghostly companions.- Scandinavian traditions: the "Nisse" and their ghostly behavior.- The Mexican legend of "La Llorona" and its connection to Christmas.2.3. The Mexican tradition of the "Posadas"- The annual reenactment of Mary and Joseph's search for shelter.- The belief in ghostly spirits joining the processions.- People's personal experiences and encounters during the Posadas.III. Personal Experiences and Testimonials (1700 words)3.1. Haunted houses and supernatural encounters during Christmas- Accounts of individuals who have experienced paranormal activities during Christmas. - Examples from haunted houses with a Christmas ghostly presence.- The psychological impact of these experiences on people's perception of Christmas and spirits.3.2. Ghostly sightings within religious contexts- Instances of ghostly apparitions during Christmas church services and processions.- The impact of these encounters on people's faith and beliefs.- The interpretation of these experiences by religious leaders.IV. Scientific Explanations and Skepticism (900 words)4.1. The psychological phenomenon of "mistletoe madness"- The impact of seasonal affective disorder (SAD) on perceptions of supernatural occurrences.- How low light and changes in melatonin production can influence perception.- The role of suggestion and imagination in creating ghostly experiences.4.2. The analysis of ghost stories and folklore by parapsychologists- The examination of cultural beliefs and traditions by paranormal experts.- The application of scientific methods to measure ghostly phenomena.- The lack of concrete evidence supporting the existence of real ghosts.Conclusion (300 words)While the existence of real ghosts during Christmas remains unproven, the fascination and belief in their presence continue to shape festivities and traditions around the world. Historical accounts, cultural beliefs, personal experiences, and the examination of paranormal phenomena uncover a complex relationship between Christmas andsupernatural entities. Whether one believes in the existence of ghosts or not, Christmas is a time when spirits, whether real or symbolic, hold a special place in our hearts and contribute to the magic of the holiday season.。
平安夜的世界遗产
平安夜的世界遗产平安夜（Christmas Eve）是指每年的12月24日，在基督教世界中庆祝耶稣基督的降生之夜。
这一天被广泛认为是欢庆和分享的时刻，人们会通过各种庆祝活动来迎接圣诞节的到来。
在世界各地，有许多文化和传统成为了平安夜的世界遗产，它们以独特的方式捕捉了这个特殊的夜晚。
本文将介绍一些平安夜的世界遗产，展示各地不同的庆祝方式和文化特色。
一、圣诞市集的繁荣圣诞市集是欧洲许多城市传统的一部分，它们将平安夜的气氛带到了大街小巷。
市集上摆满了各种摊位，售卖着手工艺品、圣诞饰品、玩具和食品。
著名的圣诞市集包括德国的科隆圣诞市集和奥地利的维也纳圣诞市集，它们以其悠久的历史和独特的氛围吸引了无数游客。
二、圣诞树的闪耀圣诞树是平安夜的标志之一，被认为是耶稣基督降生的象征。
无论是悬挂彩灯、装饰饰品还是挂满礼物，圣诞树都发出着温暖和喜庆的光芒。
世界各地，人们都会在家中或公共场所装饰圣诞树，增添节日氛围。
尤其以美国纽约市的洛克菲勒中心圣诞树和丹麦哥本哈根的圣诞港口树最为著名。
三、夜间盛宴的美食在平安夜，家庭和朋友聚在一起享受精心准备的美食。
不同国家和地区有不同的传统食物，如法国圣诞鹅肝和斯堪的纳维亚卤鱼。
而在意大利，平安夜晚餐的重头戏是"La Vigilia"，即七鱼大餐。
这一传统始于天主教的斋戒习俗，准备七道不同的鱼菜肴以象征着耶稣的门徒。
四、圣诞颂歌的音乐盛宴圣诞颂歌是平安夜不可或缺的一部分，它们传递着令人欢悦的节日氛围。
全球范围内有许多古老而经典的圣诞颂歌，如《圣诞颂歌》和《平安夜》。
无论是在家中唱颂歌，还是参加教堂的礼拜活动，人们通过音乐来表达对平安夜的祝福和庆祝。
五、圣诞老人的神秘到来圣诞老人是平安夜的象征之一，他代表着慷慨和善良。
在许多国家，人们相信圣诞老人会在平安夜降临，给乖孩子们带来礼物和祝福。
著名的圣诞老人村如芬兰的罗瓦涅米村和美国阿拉斯加州的诺姆村都成为了游客们争相前往的圣诞目的地。
圣诞节的维多利亚时代
圣诞节的维多利亚时代圣诞节是全球范围内庆祝的重要节日之一，而在维多利亚时代（1837年至1901年）的英国，圣诞节开始变得更加盛大、热闹。
在这段历史时期，圣诞节逐渐成为了一个家庭团聚、互赠礼物的传统节日。
本文将带你穿越时光，了解维多利亚时代的圣诞节是如何庆贺的。
一、圣诞前的准备在维多利亚时代，圣诞节的准备工作通常从十二月初开始。
人们会在家中进行大扫除，希望为圣诞节创造一个整洁的环境。
此外，他们会为庆祝圣诞节而准备各种食物和礼品。
1. 食物准备圣诞节的食物准备是家庭的重要部分。
在维多利亚时代，人们会制作各种甜点和糕点，如圣诞蛋糕、水果蛋糕、果酱饼干等。
这些食物通常在圣诞前几周就开始制作，以确保它们足够美味，并能保存到圣诞节当天享用。
2. 礼品购买维多利亚时代的圣诞节重视亲情和友情的表达，因此赠送礼物成为一项重要的传统。
人们会前往商店购买各种礼物，并将它们精心包装起来，以表达对亲人和朋友的祝福与关怀。
常见的礼物包括手工制作的小饰品、书籍、玩具等。
二、家庭庆祝活动在维多利亚时代，家庭的圣诞庆祝活动通常持续数天，充满了欢乐和温馨的氛围。
1. 圣诞树维多利亚时代的英国家庭会在圣诞节前夜或当天搭起圣诞树。
圣诞树通常放置在客厅中央，由家人一起装饰。
装饰通常包括彩灯、彩球、铃铛、小天使和各种纸质饰品。
圣诞树既是家庭的焦点，也是孩子们期待已久的礼物交换的地方。
2. 圣诞晚宴圣诞节晚宴是维多利亚时代家庭的重要活动。
晚宴通常在圣诞节前夜或圣诞节当天举行，家人们会共同品尝精心准备的丰盛美味。
传统的菜肴包括火鸡、鹅肉、圣诞布丁等。
人们在晚宴上互相祝福，分享快乐与温馨。
3. 礼物交换圣诞节离不开礼物的交换。
在维多利亚时代，家人们会在圣诞晚宴后相互赠送礼物。
这些礼物大多是事先准备好的，每个人的礼物都会放在圣诞树下，根据家族传统，由家长或长辈为每个人递送礼物。
礼物的开启仪式常常带来欢笑和惊喜。
三、其他圣诞节活动除了家庭庆祝活动外，维多利亚时代的圣诞节还有一些其他的传统活动。
圣诞节的由来英文
圣诞节的由来英文：The Origin of Christmas Christmas Day-December 25-which celebrates thebirth of Jesus Christ, the founder of the Christian religion, is the biggest and best-loved holiday in the United States. According to the Bible, the holy book of Christians, God decided to allow his only son, Jesus Christ, to beborn to a human mother and live on earth so that people could understand God better and learn to love God and each other more. "Christmas"- meaning "celebration of Christ "- honors the time when Jesus was born to a youngJewish woman Mary. Mary was engaged to be married to Joseph, a carpenter, but before they came together, she was found to be with child. Because Joseph, her husband, was a righteous man and did not want to expose her to public disgrace, he had in mind to divorce her quietly. But after he had considered this, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream and said, "Do not be afraid totake Mary home as your wife, because what is conceived in her is from the Holy Spirit. She will give birth to a son, and you are to give him the name Jesus, because he will save his people from their sins." Although the exact date ofthe birth of Jesus nearly 2,000 years ago is not known, the calendar on the supposed date divides all time into B.C. Before Christ and A.D. a Latin phrase, Anno Domini, "in the year of our Lord."For the first 300 years, Jesus' birthday was celebrated on different dates. Finally, in the year 354, church leaders chose December 25 as his birthday.：the name christmas is short for christ's mass. a mass is a kind of church service. christmas is a religious festival. it is the day we celebrate as the birthday of jesus. there are special christmas services in christian churchesall over the world. but many of the festivities of christmas do not have anything to do with religion. exchanging gifts and sending christmas cards are the modern ways of celebrating the christmas in the world.the birth of jesus had a story: in nazareth, a city of galilee. thevirgin's name was mary was betrothed to joseph. before they came together, she was found with child of the holy spirit. joseph her husband was minded to put her away secretly. while he thought about these things, gabriel, an angel ofthe lord appeared to him in a dream and told him did not be afraid to takemary as wife. and mary will bring forth a son, and he shall call his name, jesus, for he will save his people from their sins.before jesus births, joseph and mary came to quirnius was governing syria. so all went to be registered, everyone to his own city. joseph also went upout of galilee, out of the city of nazareth, into judea, to the city of david, which is called bethlehem, because he was of the house and of the lineage of david, to be registered with mary, his betrothed wife, who was with child. soit was that while they were there, the days were completed for her to bedelivered. and she brought forth her firstborn son, and wrapped him in swaddling cloths, and laid him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn.and that, christmas is the feast of the nativity of jesus, is on 25th, december every year. but nobody know the actual birthday of jesus. and the christmas has become popular when christmas cards appeared in 1846 and the concept of a jolly santa claus was first made popular in nineteenth century.：Christmas is a Christian holiday that celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ. No one knows the exact date of Christ's birth, but most Christians observe Christmas on December 25. On this day, many go to church, where they take part in special religious services. During the Christmas season, they also exchange gifts and decorate their homes with holly, mistletoe, and Christmas trees. The word Christmas comes from Cristes maesse, an early English phrase that means Mass of Christ. The story of Christmas comes chiefly from the Gospels of Saint Luke and Saint Matthew in the New Testament.The history of Christmas dates back over 4000 years. Many of our Christmas traditions were celebrated centuries before the Christ child was born. The 12 days of Christmas, the bright fires, the yule log, the giving of gifts, carnivalsparades with floats, carolers who sing while going from house to house, the holiday feasts, and the church processions can all be traced backto the early Mesopotamians.Many of these traditions began with the Mesopotamian celebration of New Years. The Mesopotamians believed in many gods, and as their chief god-Marduk. Each year as winter arrived it was believed that Marduk would do battle withthe monsters of chaos. To assist Marduk in his struggle the Mesopotamians held a festival for the New Year. This was Zagmuk, the New Year's festival that lasted for 12 days.The Persians and the Babylonians celebrated a similar festival called the Sacaea. Part of that celebration included the exchanging of places, the slaves would become the masters and the masters were to obey. The ancient Greeks held a festival similar to that of the Zagmuk/Sacaea festivals to assist their god Kronos who would battle the god Zeus and his Titans.The Roman's celebrated their god Saturn. Their festival was called Saturnalia which began the middle of December and ended January 1st. Withcries of "Jo Saturnalia!" the celebration would include masquerades in the streets, big festive meals, visiting friends, and the exchange of good-luck gifts called Strenae lucky fruits. The Romans decked their halls with garlands of laurel and green trees lit with candles. Again the masters and slaves would exchange places."Jo Saturnalia!" was a fun and festive time for the Romans, but the Christians thought it an abomination to honor the pagan god. The early Christians wanted to keep the birthday of their Christ child a solemn and religious holiday, not one of cheer and merriment as was the pagan Saturnalia.Some legends claim that the Christian "Christmas" celebration was invented to compete against the pagan celebrations of December. The 25th was not only sacred to the Romans but also the Persians whose religion Mithraism was one of Christianity's main rivals at that time. The Church eventually was successful in taking the merriment, lights, and gifts from the Saturanilia festival and bringing them to the celebration of Christmas.The exact day of the Christ child's birth has never been pinpointed. Traditions say that it has been celebrated since the year 98 AD. In 137 AD the Bishop of Rome ordered the birthday of the Christ Child celebrated as a solemn feast. In 350 AD another Bishop of Rome, Julius I, choose December 25th as the observance of Christmas.The birth of Jesus had a story: In Nazareth, a city of Galilee. Thevirgin's name was Mary was betrothed to Joseph. Before they came together, she was found with child of the Holy Spirit. Joseph her husband was minded to put her away secretly. While he thought about these things, Gabriel, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream and told him did not be afraid to take Mary as wife. And Mary will bring forth a Son, and he shall call his name, Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins.Before Jesus births, Joseph and Mary came to Quirnius was governing Syria. So all went to be registered, everyone to his own city. Joseph also went up out of Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judea, to the city of David, which is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and of the lineage of David, to be registered with Mary, his betrothed wife, who was with child. So it was that while they were there, the days were completed for her to be delivered. And she brought forth her firstborn Son, and wrapped him in swaddling cloths, and laid him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn.And that, Christmas is the feast of the nativity of Jesus, is on 25th, December every year. But nobody knows the actual birthday of Jesus. And the Christmas has become popular when Christmas cards appeared in 1846 and the concept of a jolly Santa Claus was first made popular in nineteenth Century.The custom of giving gifts to relatives and friends on a special day in winter probably began in ancient Rome and northern Europe. In these regions, people gave each other small presents as part of their year-end celebrations.In the 1800's, two more Christmas customs became popular--decorating Christmas trees and sending Christmas cards to relatives and friends. Many well-known Christmas carols, including Silent Night" and Hark! The Herald Angels Sing," were composed during this period. In the United States and other countries, Santa Claus replaced Saint Nicholas as the symbol of gift giving.The word Xmas is sometimes used instead of Christmas. This tradition began in the early Christian church. In Greek, X is the first letter of Christ's name. It was frequently used as a holy symbol.“圣诞节”这个名称是“基督弥撒”的缩写。
Vita Sackville-West 薇塔·萨克维尔·韦斯特
Sissinghurst Castle
Orlando: A Biography
Early life
Vita Sackville-West was born at Knole House near Sevenoaks, Kent, the only child of Victoria Sackville-West and Lionel Edward Sackville-West, 3rd Baron Sackville, who were cousins. Her mother was the illegitimate daughter of Lionel Sackville-West, 2nd Baron Sackville and a Spanish dancer. Christened Victoria Mary Sackville-West, the girl was known as "Vita" throughout her life to distinguish her from her mother.
The couple had two children: Nigel (1917–2004), who became a well-known editor, politician, and writer, and Benedict
(1914–1978)
,an
art historian.
Biographies and non-fiction Passenger to Teheran Knole and the Sackvilles (1922) Saint Joan of Arc English Country Houses Pepita The Eagle and The Dove Twelve Days: an account of a journey across the Bakhtiari Mountains of South-western Persia Sissinghurst: Vita Sackville-West and the Creation of a Garden
在教堂过圣诞节的留学日记
在教堂过圣诞节的留学日记威斯特敏斯特天主教（Westminster Cathedral）大教堂是英国最大的天主教教堂西方的圣诞节犹如大中华地区的春节。
但是圣诞顾名思义就是庆祝的是圣人（耶稣）诞生；而春节则欢庆春天（农历新年）的开始。
二者重要性相当，不过有着本质的不同。
过去在国内度过的圣诞更像是英文派对和商家打折季，脱口而出的英文圣诞祝福和琳琅满目的圣诞装饰，很难体会那种宗教的意义。
如今来到西方的大都市伦敦，我和朋友决定一起来到威斯敏斯特天主教大教堂体验最真实的圣诞氛围。
神圣的圣诞仪式威斯特敏斯特天主教（Westminster Cathedral）大教堂是英国最大的天主教教堂，与西敏寺(Westminster Abbey)和圣保罗教堂(St. Paul’s Cathedral)并列为伦敦主要的三座大教堂。
不同的是，前者是天主教（公教），后两者属于英国国教（新教的一个宗派）。
由于天主教教堂离朋友住处近，所以我们决定来到威斯敏斯特天主教大教堂参加圣诞的仪式。
教堂坐落在伦敦市中心，比邻维多利亚车站，白金汉宫，西敏寺，议会大厦和大笨钟。
建筑规模十分浩大，还有一座高耸的塔楼可供鸟瞰伦敦中心市景。
内部宽敞明亮，装饰极为奢华精致。
正如教堂的告示牌写着请大家积极捐资，因为每天运营费用高达5000英镑。
教堂圣诞的仪式从24晚上平安夜开始弥散，接近午夜的时候有唱诗班的演唱。
25日则是多次弥散和祷告。
进入教堂和开始仪式的第一感觉就是安静和庄严，每个人都神情肃穆，虔诚地祷告。
随着几声清脆铃声，一位年迈的神父作为主祭，步履蹒跚的.走上金碧辉煌的礼台，他诵读一段经文后，大家齐声阿门结束进堂式。
我们跟随其他信徒起立开始圣道礼仪和主祭一起读福音，表示迎接基督复活。
并在额上、口唇上及胸前划三个十字，表示应将上主的话印在脑中，刻在心上，并时常宣之于口。
大家聆听神父的讲道，反复的坐下和起立，时而诵读《圣经》，时而歌唱，还和周围的人握手致敬。
圣诞岛
交通
航空 港口
公路 铁路
圣诞岛机场（IATA：XCH – ICAO：YPXM）。圣诞岛有一个全天可运作的国际机场，从珀斯直飞或经科科斯 群岛至圣诞岛有商业航线运营。圣诞岛一家私营公司经营的包机往返于印尼和该岛之间。1997年圣诞岛航空客运 量为3895人次；澳大利亚国家航运公司经营由澳大利亚大陆至圣诞岛的航线。
距离澳大利亚西部城市珀斯2600公里，在印尼首都雅加达以南500公里的圣诞岛，过去是新加坡管辖的岛屿， 面积135平方公里，岛上盛产磷酸盐（磷矿）。殖民地政府从新马召募劳工到岛上开采磷矿。1957年在澳大利亚 的请求之下，英国政府决定将圣诞岛割让给澳大利亚。
圣诞岛上的清明节新加坡于1955年4月举行首届立法议会选举，劳工阵线赢得较多议席，组织劳工阵线联合 政府，管理新加坡的内部事务，该政府先由著名律师马绍尔出任首席部长。1956年6月，马绍尔因独立谈判不成， 愤而辞职，由林有福继任。割让圣诞岛给澳大利亚之事是在林有福执政期间发生，当时林有福政府并没有抗拒这 次割让圣诞岛的安排。在这项安排之下，新加坡获得290万英镑的赔偿。仅仅290万英镑就出卖了135平方公里的 领土。
12月～4月为雨季，平均气温27℃，季节变化很小。年平均降雨量2670毫米。圣诞岛大部分为热带雨林覆盖， 动物包括大量的海鸟、小爬虫类、地蟹和昆虫。岛上居民所用淡水来自泉水和井水。属热带海洋性气候，平均气 温21℃-32℃，湿度高达80-90%。气候温和，但湿季（11月～次年4月）时有暴风雨，使岛周围出现较大风浪。年 均降雨量为2000毫米。
当时的劳工阵线联合政府根本就看不到圣诞岛的丰富资源，反而是日本人识货，1942年日军侵占印尼后，战 略目标就瞄准圣诞岛的磷矿，占领爪哇岛之后，一举南下侵占圣诞岛，夺取岛上的资源。
圣诞节的由来简介【三篇】
【导语】圣诞节(Christmas或Cristo Messa )，译名为“基督弥撒”。
弥撒是教会的⼀种礼拜仪式。
圣诞节是⼀个宗教节。
因为把它当作耶稣的诞⾠来庆祝，因⽽⼜名耶诞节。
圣诞节的由来是什么呢?圣诞节的由来是什么呢?关于圣诞节由来都有哪些说法呢?以下是⽆忧考为您整理的圣诞节的由来简介【三篇】，供⼤家参考。
【篇⼀】圣诞节的由来简介 ⼀、《天主教百科⼤全》上的关于圣诞节的条⽬介绍了各地最早的圣诞节。
圣诞节并没有出现在早期基督教的节期之中，如爱任纽和特⼟良都未提及。
关于圣诞节期最早的记载来⾃公元200年左右的亚历⼭太，其时亚历⼭太的⾰利免称，有些埃及神学家不仅对基督的⽣年，同时也对他的⽣⽇过分好奇，并把这个⽣⽇定在奥古斯都在朝的第⼆⼗⼋年Pachon⽉25⽇(即公历5⽉20⽇)。
325年的第⼀次尼西亚公会议时亚历⼭⼤的教会确定了diesNativitatisetEpiphaniae(圣诞节和主显节的⽇期)。
在12⽉庆祝的圣诞于五世纪时传⼊埃及。
在耶路撒冷，来⾃波尔多的朝圣者Egeria(亦称Silvia)见证圣烛节(圣诞后四⼗⽇)是在1⽉6⽇后的四⼗⽇，⽽当地圣诞应为⼀⽉六⽇。
在安提阿，公元386年前后⾦⼝约翰呼吁教会统⼀在12⽉25⽇庆祝基督诞⾠，其中⼀部分⼈在其他⽇⼦庆祝这⼀节期⾄少已经⼗年。
⼆、圣诞节基于耶稣受难⽇。
由于耶稣死亡的确切⽇期在四本福⾳书中没有明确记载，早期的基督徒试着去推测，得出⼤约在3⽉25⽇或者4⽉6⽇。
根据圣经旧约预⾔救世主将死于整岁数或者他降临的某⼀个整年，基督徒以此来推算耶稣的⽣⽇：耶稣受难⽇加上9个⽉就是他的⽣⽇——12⽉25⽇或者1⽉6⽇。
但是这种说法从来没有被耶经学者们认可。
只是某些基督教会欺骗⾮基督徒的幌⼦。
实际上复活节的⽇期每年都不⼀样，死亡⽇也就不⼀样，⽽同时历法也是⼀⽚混乱。
在假设新约没有说谎并⽆视四⼤福⾳书⾃相⽭盾之处同时假设最后的晚餐是逾越节晚餐的前提下，西元2003年罗马尼亚天⽂学家Liviu Mircea和Tiberiu Oproiu计算机计算的结果耶稣死亡⽇期是西元33年4⽉3⽇星期五下午3点。
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Carol Singers
• Carol Singers and Musicians "The Waits" visited houses singing and playing the new popular carols; • 1843 - O Come all ye Faithful • 1848 - Once in Royal David's City • 1851 - See Amid the Winters Snow • 1868 - O Little Town of Bethlehem • 1883 - Away in a Manger
The holidays
• The wealth generated by the new factories and industries of the Victorian age allowed middle class families in England and Wales to take time off work and celebrate over two days, Christmas Day and Boxing Day. Boxing Day, December 26th, earned its name as the day servants and working people opened the boxes in which they had collected gifts of money from the "rich folk". Those new fangled inventions, the railways allowed the country folk who had moved into the towns and cities in search of work to return h Scots have always preferred to postpone the celebrations for a few days to welcome in the New Year, in the style that is Hogmanay. Christmas Day itself did not become a holiday in Scotland until many years after Victoria's reign and it has only been within the last 20-30 years that this has been extended to include Boxing Day.
The Gifts
• At the start of Victoria's reign, children's toys tended to be handmade and hence expensive, generally restricting availability to those "rich folk" again. With factories however came mass production, which brought with it games, dolls, books and clockwork toys all at a more affordable price. Affordable that is to "middle class" children. In a "poor child's" Christmas stocking, which first became popular from around 1870, only an apple, orange and a few nuts could be found.
Victorian Christmas
Made by Fenora and Abode
Introduction
• For thousands of years people around the world have enjoyed midwinter festivals. With the arrival of Christianity, pagan festivals became mixed with Christmas celebrations. One of the leftovers from these pagan days is the custom of bedecking houses and churches with evergreen plants like mistletoe, holly and ivy. Apparently, as well as their magical connection in protecting us from evil spirits, they also encourage the return of spring. • No era in history however, has influenced the way in which we celebrate Christmas, quite as much as the Victorians.
Turkey Time
• Turkeys had been brought to Britain from America hundreds of years before Victorian times. When Victoria first came to the throne however, both chicken and turkey were too expensive for most people to enjoy. In northern England roast beef was the traditional fayre for Christmas dinner while in London and the south, goose was favorite. Many poor people made do with rabbit. On the other hand, the Christmas Day menu for Queen Victoria and family in 1840 included both beef and of course a royal roast swan or two. By the end of the century most people feasted on turkey for their Christmas dinner. The great journey to London started for the turkey sometime in October. Feet clad in fashionable but hardwearing leather the unsuspecting birds would have set out on the 80-mile hike from the Norfolk farms. Arriving obviously a little tired and on the scrawny side they must have thought London hospitality unbeatable as they feasted and fattened on the last few weeks before Christmas!
Christmas Cards
• The "Penny Post" was first introduced in Britain in 1840 by Rowland Hill. The idea was simple, a penny stamp paid for the postage of a letter or card to anywhere in Britain. This simple idea paved the way for the sending of the first Christmas cards. Sir Henry Cole tested the water in 1843 by printing a thousand cards for sale in his art shop in London at one shilling each. The popularity of sending cards was helped along when in 1870 a halfpenny postage rate was introduced as a result of the efficiencies brought about by those new fangled railways.
A amazing fact
• Before Victoria's reign started in 1837 nobody in Britain had heard of Santa Claus or Christmas Crackers. No Christmas cards were sent and most people did not have holidays from work. The wealth and technologies generated by the industrial revolution of the Victorian era changed the face of Christmas forever. Sentimental dogooders like Charles Dickens wrote books like "Christmas Carol", published in 1843, which actually encouraged rich Victorians to redistribute their wealth by giving money and gifts to the poor - Humbug! These radical middle class ideals eventually spread to the notquite-so-poor as well.