研究生英语精读PPTUnit 9
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读-A-Unit-9PPT课件
This is the VOA Special English Agriculture Report.
A listener in Abuja, Nigeria, named Okorie wants to know more about fish pond farming.
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The main structure of the text
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i. The most important day
March 3rd, 1887
Unit Nine
The Most Important Day in My Life
Helen Keller
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Lead-in
Who is Helen Keller?
If I, deaf, blind, find life rich and interesting, how much more can you gain by the use of your five senses! The best and most beautiful things in the world cannot be seen nor even touched, but just felt in the heart. We are never really happy until we try to brighten the lives of others.
- Helen Keller
研究生英语课程unit9
Unit 9Text AII. Language points1. …many dressed in the brilliant matrimonial hues of their cultures.(Para. 1) …many wearing the wedding dresses whose colors are characteristic of their cultures.2. Once a practice as provincial as it was personal, the art of pairing up people for marriage has become an increasingly international and technology-driven business. (Para. 2) In the past, the art of matchmaking was a local and personal practice; now, it has become a business that goes to the world and is pushed by technology.3. As young people all over the world move far from home for school and work, even those from traditionbound cultures can no longer rely solely on the resources of crafty aunties to find them suitable mates. (Para. 2) Since young people throughout the world live far away from home for study and work, even those from cultures closely related to traditions can no longer depend only on their resourceful and clever relatives to help find a suitable husband or wife.crafty:a. clever; cunninge.g. a crafty politicianHe‟s a crafty old fox.4. With growth slowing in the U.S., Web matchmaking giants are eyeing fertile potential markets such as China and India. (Para. 2) With growth of the U.S. market slowing down, big online matchmaking companies are aiming at potential markets such as China and India where there are many opportunities for development.5. But an international match presents hurdles in business as in love: differing societal attitudes, wily competition and cultural quirks to bewilder the most sophisticated suitor. (Para. 2) But global matchmaking is difficult in terms of business as well as love due to the following facts: different societies have different attitudes towards love and matchmaking; competition in matchmaking and love involves a lot of tricks; specific conventions of a particular culture may confuse the most experienced suitor.hurdle n. (fig) difficulty to be overcome; obstaclee.g. I‟ve passed the written test; the interview is the next hurdle.wily:a. crafty or cunning; full of wilese.g. as wily as a foxUnit 9 79bewilder:v. puzzle (sb); confusee.g. The child was bewildered by the noise and the crowds.I am totally bewildered by the clues to this crossword puzzle.sophisticated:a. having or showing much worldly experience and knowledge of fashionable lifee.g. a sophisticated womanwearing sophisticated clothes6. As far back as the Paleolithic era, arranged marriages served to forge networks between family groups, writes Stephanie Coontz in Marriage, a History.(Para. 3) In Marriage, a History, Stephanie Coontz points out that as early as the Paleolithic era, arranged marriages began to help create close ties between family groups.forge:v. (fig) create (usu a lasting relationship) by means of much hard worke.g. forge a bond, a link, an alliance, etca friendship forged by adversity7. Suspicion and disdain eased into acceptance as more Americans found a partner--or at least a date and not a nut —on the sites. (Para. 4) Americans‟ attitude towards online matchmaking changed from doubt and contempt into acceptance because more of them found a mate — or at least a person to have a romantic relationship with rather than a crazy person—on the Internet dating sites.disdain:n. feeling that sb./sth. is not good enough to des erve one‟s respect; contempte.g. a look/tone/expression of disdaintreating other people‟s ideas with disdain8. If a country with little tradition of matchmaking can embrace a version of it online, then it follows that cultures long used to a third party’s hand in love affairs would do the same. (Para. 5)If online matchmaking can be popular in a country like the U.S. with little tradition of matchmaking, then we can logically conclude that cultures with long tradition of arranged marriage by a third party would accept it as well.9. But it has learned along the way that its model does not always translate. (Para. 6) But Match has learned during the course of expansion that its way of matchmaking does not always work well in other cultures.10. On Match, users post personal profiles and photos, attracting and perusing potentialmates in what resembles a colossal bar scene. (Para. 6) On , users post their personal profiles and photos on the Internet, attracting other users and examining carefully the personal profiles and photos of the users they are attracted to in a scene which is like a huge bar.peruse:v. read carefully or thoroughlye.g. peruse a document11. To differentiate itself from local competitors when it launched there in 2003, Match80toned down its window-shopping aspect and played up the promise of long-term love.(Para. 6) In order to distinguish itself from local competitors when it started operations there in 2003, Match made its window-shopping aspect less important and emphasized the promise of long-term love.tone down(cause sth. to) become less intensee.g. She is trying to tone down the colors of the picture.play sth. up try to make sth. appear more important than it ise.g. Some reporters like to play up sensational social news.12. That bodes well for the international hopes of eHarmony, the leader amongcompatibility-focused sites in the U.S. (Para. 7) The social changes and especially the newly pervasive insistence on love as an essential ingredient of marriage are a good sign for eHarmony‟s success around the world because the company is the leading matchmaking site in the U.S. that has been focusing on compatibility research.bode well/ill (for sb./sth.) be a good/bad sign (for sb./sth.)e.g. His idle habits bode ill for his future.These figures do not bode well for the company‟s future.13. That’s not to mention marriages at a rate of 90 a day, unions that so far haveproduced 100 000 children (a disproportionate number of them named Harmony).(Para. 7) In addition, eHarmony helps make 90 marriages every day which up to now have produced 100 000 children (an unusually large number of them named Harmony after the company).disproportionate:a. relatively too large or small, etc; out of proportione.g. We spend a disproportionate amount of our income on rent.14. In China, that means commissioning researchers at Beijing University to find outwhether its model —in which 29 “dimensions” such as humor and spirituality are mined for compatibility —applies to the culture.(Para. 8) In China, eHarmony has appointed researchers at Beijing University to find out whether its model — in which 29 “dimensions” such as humor and spirituality are extracted for the compatibility test — is appropriate for Chinese culture.15. China should be a natural haven for online matchmaking.(Para. 10) China shouldnaturally be an ideal market for online matchmaking.haven:n. place of safety or rest; refugee.g. Terrorists will not find a safe haven here.16. The imbalance of genders brought on by the single-child rule (many parents opted tokeep only a male baby) has also led to a desperate demand for matchmakers among rural men, opening the door to unscrupulous brokers who con women into unions.(Para. 10) The fact that men outnumber women due to the one-child policy (many parents chose to keep only a male baby) has also led to an urgent need for matchmakers amongUnit 9 81marriage-aged single men in the countryside, which gives unethical brokers opportunities to make profit by deceiving women into marriage.unscrupulous: a. without moral principlese.g. unscrupulous methods, behaviorHe was utterly unscrupulous in his dealings with rival firms.con:v. (infml) swindle or persuade sb. after gaining his truste.g. I was conned into buying a useless car.She conned me out of $100.17. Western online matchmakers, however, do face challenges in gaining a foothold in theChinese matchmaking market. (Para. 11) Western online matchmakers, however, do find it difficult to gain a secure position in the Chinese matchmaking market, from which they can make further progress.18. Chinese sites rely instead on online advertising and ticket sales from events such asspeed-dating mixers that charge about $13 for admission (parents who tag along have to pay too). (Para. 11) Instead of subscription fees, Chinese Web dating sites mainly rely on online advertising and ticket sales from events such as speed-dating mixers that require about $13 for admission in which parents who follow their children closely also have to pay.tag along (after/behind/with sb.) follow closelye.g. children tagging along behind their motherIf you‟re going to the cinema, do you mind if I tag along (with you)?19. …his free websites steer users to his 30 off-line matchmaking offices, where they canpay fees totaling up to $6,000. (Para. 11) …after browsing his websites free of charge, users will be guided to his 30 off-line matchmaking offices, where they can pay as much as $6000 for matchmaking.steer:v. direct or control the course ofe.g. steer a boat into the harbor(fig) He managed to steer the discussion away from the subject of money.20. Like China, India has a long history of and cultural comfort with matchmaking;(Para. 12) Like China, India has a long history of matchmaking and matchmaking is generally accepted in its culture.21. Partly because India’s matrimonial sites have already succeeded in wooing the nation,Western companies have hesitated at the door.(Para. 13) Partly because India‟s Web matchmaking sites have already succeeded in obtaining the support of the nation, Western companies have not decided yet whether they should dive into the Indian market.woo:v. try to obtain the support ofe.g. woo the voters22. For instance, sites there make matches on the basis of factors unfamiliar to outsiders,82including caste, language and “character”— a euphemism for chastity. (Para. 13) For example, India‟s matrimonial sites make matches according to factors that people outside India are not familiar with, such as caste, language and "character"—an indirect word for virginity.euphemism:n. (example of the) use of pleasant, mild or indirect words or phrases in place of more accurate or direct onese.g. …Pass away‟ is a euphemism for …die‟.…Pass water‟ is a euphemism for …urinate‟.III. Key to the exercises1. Reading comprehension(1) There are some reasons why the art of pairing up people has become an increasinglyinternational and technology-driven business. On the one hand, since young people all over the world move far from home for school and work, they can no longer only depend on their relatives to find them suitable mates. On the other hand, online marriage and dating sites have multiplied rapidly since they began to appear a decade ago.(2) In the U.S., matchmaking took off as an industry only in this decade, with the arrival ofInternet dating sites. Americans‟attitude towards online matchmaking has gone through some changes. At first Americans distrusted and scorned online matchmaking, but they later accepted it because more Americans found a partner on the dating sites.(3) According to Para. 6, in order to differentiate itself from local competitors, Matchemphasized the importance of long-term love and relied on science to help users find their true love.(4) According to the text, China should be a natural haven for online matchmaking. Firstly, upuntil a century ago, marriage-registration forms required the seal of an “introducer.”Secondly, even today, the off-line matchmaking business remains robust. Lastly, the imbalance of genders has led to a desperate demand for matchmakers among rural men. (5) Western online matchmakers do face some challenges in gaining a foothold in the Chinesematchmaking market. For example, western online matchmakers mainly rely on subscription fees for their revenues, but in China, only a very small number of Internet daters pay subscription fees which are minimal according to the Western standard. If they want to win the Chinese matchmaking market, they have to adjust their subscription-based models to the market.2. VocabularySection A(1) matrimonial (2) privacy (3) multiply (4) flirt (5) browse (6) provincial (7) steer (8) temperament (9) disproportionate (10) havenUnit 9 83Section B(1) B (2) A (3) D (4) C (5) C (6) A (7) D (8) B (9) C (10) A3. Cloze(1) bore (2) gossip (3) share (4) lies (5) informal(6) online (7) visited (8) lead (9) estimated (10) Although(11) mere (12) values (13) but (14) made (15) stuff(16) practically (17) unimaginably (18) originally (19) into (20) on4. TranslationA. Chinese to English1) Translate the following sentences into English.(1) In countries such as the United States and Australia, the sports industry is very lucrative.The money that professional sportsmen make every year is certainly no less than specialist doctors, lawyers or bankers.(2) I strongly reject the idea that people who use “earthy” language are speaking more directlyor with more authenticity than people who employ euphemisms.(3) As time goes by and technological development forges ahead, it will become increasinglyharder to differentiate between mental and manual labour.(4) Increases in physical activity have been shown to be strongly associated with improvingphysical fitness. Therefore, moderate physical activity —even an unhurried 30-minute stroll every day — may diminish the risk for heart disease among the elderly.(5) To take full advantage of the convenience offered by the Information Age, I subscribe to anumber of journals concerned with my subject on the Internet.(6) The best-financed, most technologically powerful companies often bring out their mostadvanced products on their home turf a year or two before they ship them around the world.(7) China and America together account for nearly half of the global energy demand, whichurges the leaders of the two countries to talk about how clean technology may help solve the problem of climate change.(8) Some aspiring young people in big cities like Beijing and Shanghai may opt to remainsingle because they are so busy with work that they don‟t have the time to date and get married.2) Translate the following paragraph into English.Facebook users may feel socially successful in cyberspace but they are more likely to perform poorly in exams, according to new research into the academic impact of the social networking website. The majority of students who use Facebook every day are underachieving by as much as an entire grade compared with those who shun the site. About 83% of British 1684to 24-year-olds are thought to use social networking sites such as Facebook, MySpace and Bebo, to keep in touch with friends and organize their social lives. According to the research, 65% of Facebook users accessed their account daily, usually checking it several times to see if they had received new messages. The amount of time spent on Facebook at each log-in varied from just a few minutes to more than an hour. However，79% of Facebook-using students believed the time they spent on the site had no impact on their work. Facebook said: “There is also acade mic research that shows the benefits of services like Facebook. It‟s in the hands of students, in consultation with their parents, to decide how to spend their time.”B. English to Chinese1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.美国的婚恋网站谋求使自己区别于当地竞争对手的一种方法是依靠科学。
大学英语精读Unit9 What is happiness课件
明天将是你的第一天
.if you'd like to work here as a broker. 如果你想在这里做经纪人的 话 Would you like that,Chris? 你愿意吗，克里斯？
Chris:Yes,sir. 是的，先生 。
Mr.Frohm:Good. We couldn't be happier. 好极了，我们太高兴了
?面朝大海春暖花开?从明天起做一个幸福的人?喂马劈柴周游世界?从明天起关心粮食和蔬菜?我有一所房子面朝大海春暖花开?从明天起和每一个亲人通信?告诉他们我的幸福?那幸福的闪电告诉我的面朝大海春暖花开?我将告诉每一个人?给每一条河每一座山?取一个温暖的名字?陌生人我也为你祝福?愿你有一个灿烂的前程?愿你有情人终成眷属?愿你在尘世获得幸福?我只愿面朝大海春暖花开definitionsofhappinesswhatshappiness
This definition is a good starting point and we can dig deeper from it. The best way to do that is to consult some of the greatest minds in history. So we researched what these people say about Happiness and found 10 essential definitions. Each of them has deep meaning. Take your time to absorb it.
with spring blossoms.
May you have a brilliant future!
May you lovers eventually become spouse!
Ambition研究生综合英语unit 9 PPT
Unit Nine AmbitionI. Introduction of the authorPerri Klass, MD, is a pediatrician and writer, who has published extensively about her medical training and pediatric practice. She is well known for her writing about the issues of women in medicine, about relationships between doctors and patients, and about children and literacy. She is the author of both fiction and nonfiction: novels, stories, essays, and journalism.Dr. Klass is Professor of Journalism and Pediatrics at New York University, and Medical Director of Reach Out and Read, a national childhood literacy program that works through doctors and nurses to encourage parents to read aloud to young children, and to give them the books they need to do it.She is a member of the National Advisory Council of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and has been nominated by the President of the United States to the Advisory Board of the National Institute For Literacy.Baruch de SpinozaBaruch de Spinoza was a Jewish-Dutch philosopher. Revealing considerable scientific aptitude, the br eadth and importance of Spinoza’s work was not fully realized until years after his death. By laying the groundwork for the 18th century and modern biblical criticism, he came to be considered one of the great rationalists of 17th-century philosophy. His magnum opus, the posthumous Ethics, in which he opposed Descartes’s mind–body dualism, has earned him recognition as one of Western philosophy’s most important contributors. In the Ethics, ―Spinoza wrote the last indisputable Latin masterpiece, and one in which the refined conceptions of medieval philosophy are finally turned against the mselves and destroyed entirely.‖Philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel said of all contemporary philosophers, ―You are either a Spinozi st or not a philosopher at all.‖Jane Goodall is a British primatologist, ethologist, anthropologist, and UN Messenger of Peace. Considered to be the world's foremost expert on chimpanzees, Goodall is best known for her 45-year study of social and familyinteractions of wild chimpanzees in Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania. She is the founder of the Jane Goodall Institute and has worked extensively on conservation and animal welfare issues.II. The theme of the textDr. Klass discusses he r understanding of ambition and its meaning to one’s life. According to her, ambition is dreaming big dreams with no restrictions on one’s expectations. Ambition may make one frustrated or even one-sided, but it can also drive you to get close to your drea m which deserves to be cherished in one’s life.III. Structure of the textPart I Introduction (Para. 1-3)Main idea: I appreciate ambitious people since they have grandiose dreams and are entertaining and interesting to talk to. I am also an ambitiouspeople and do not feel apologetic about it.Part II Main body (Para. 4-14)∙Main idea: To some people, the word ―ambition‖ often relates with the words ―madness‖ and ―ruthless‖. However, in the late 70s and 80s, ―ambition‖ became desirable. But for me, ambitions are not some specific and attainable goals but big dreams. It is quite important but also difficult for one to live with his or her ambition.Argument 1 (para. 4-7)∙ Observing from a historical perspective, ambition has been a pejorative word. However, the author has her own understanding on this word.Example 1: the word ―ambitious‖ linked to a ―career woman‖ who is ruthless.Example 2: ―ambitious‖ is still a nasty attribute even it is favored by the ones who want to be successful.Argument 2 (para. 8-13)∙ People with or without ambition are tortured by ambition.Example 1: Achievements made by ambitious people will give you a great pressure.Example 2: One has to suffer a long time tough work to enjoy their delayed gratification.Example 3: One’s ambitions may come into conflict so one has to give up some of them.Part III Conclusion (Para 14-15)∙ Main idea: Although people are often over consumed by their ambitions, it is still necessary to cherish their own dreams which can drive you move forward.IV. Words and phrases1. grandiose: impressive because of unnecessary largeness or grandeur1) The sad truth is that not one of Tim's grandiose plans has even begun.2) Today it is the wealthiest enclave in the country, with gaudy, grandiosemansions that cost hundreds of thousands of dollars.如今它是这个国家最富裕的地区，拥有价值数十万美元，华丽而宏伟的高楼大宅。
《研究生英语》PPT课件
The first sentence means that woman has to adjust herself to man’s standard of employee value. This is what is actually happening now. However, the second sentence indicates that a feminist may adopt th e standard of woman’s employee value and man has to adjust himsel f to it.
Unit 9: Exercises
• Exercises
➢ Reading Comprehension ➢ Structure of the Text ➢ Vocabulary ➢ Cloze ➢ Translation
பைடு நூலகம் Unit 9: Reading comprehension
1. What is the function of Title VII? (Para. 1)
Unit 9: Reading comprehension
3. What is the relationship between wage inequality and the glass ceiling?
Reference These are two different types of gender discrimination against wome n and should not be confused with each other. However, the glass cei ling has negative effect on the wage increase. Thus these two types are related to one another to some extent.
精读课：Unit 9 课件
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------精读课：Unit 9 课件Unit 9 Globalizations Dual Power 1. Theme : 1. Theme : Globalization is a double-edged sword: a promise to help everyone and a peril to hurt everyone. 2.Structure: PartI (1-2): The author puts forward the topic---globalization and points out that it is a double-edged sword. Part II (3-17): The process of globalization and the positive effects of it. Part III (18-31): The negative effects of globalization. Part IV (32-34): Generalization about the role of globalization. 3. Text Appreciation: 3. Text Appreciation: ☞☞ Paragraph 1: P: At the edge of a new century, globalization is a double-edged sword: a powerful vehicle that raises economic growth, spreads technology and raises living standards in rich and poor countries At the edge of a new century, globalization is a double-edged sword: a powerful vehicle that raises economic growth, spreads technology and raises living standards in rich and poor countries alike, but also an immensely controversial process that assaults national sovereignty; erodes local culture and tradition and threatens economic and social instability. alike, but also an immensely controversial process that assaults national sovereignty; erodes local1 / 18culture and tradition and threatens economic and social instability. This is a typical introducing sentence, highly condensed yet conveys a huge amount of information: bothpositive and negative effects of globalization have been summarized by the author deliberately and comprehensively. Tryto follow this pattern and give introducing sentences for the following topics. ☆总分式写法（结论解释型）☆1.Marketization 市场化2.Liberalization 自由化3. Democratization 民主化4. Nationalization 国有化5. Privatization 私有化 at the edge of: it means be veryclose to vehicle: here means sth. used to achieve sth.. 工具，手段 e.g. Art may be used as a vehicle for propaganda. The play is an ideal vehicle for her talents. alike: (1) adj.very similar. (not before n.) e.g. My mother and I are ~in many ways. (2) adv. In a similar way./equally e.g. Thetwins are dressed ~. I benefit a lot from books andpractice ~. assault national sovereignty: threaten national sovereignty 危害国家主权 assault: to attackerode, to destroy gradually e.g. Toms confidence has beenslowly eroded by repeated failures. P: As the new century approaches, globalization means two different things. It canhave both positive and negative effects. One the one hand, it---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------can greatly increase economic production, spread new technology and improve the living standards in both rich andpoor countries; on the other hand, it is highly controversialbecause it threatens national sovereignty, destroys localculture and traditions, and is likely to cause economic andsocial instability. ☞☞ Paragraph 3: in some respects:here respect means a particular aspect or detail of sth.e.g. in all/many/some respects In this respect we are very fortunate. in respect of sth. (fml.) 关于；就而言 e.g.money received in respect of overtime worked. trendy: (infml.) fashionable; of the latest fad or fashion. retard: v. tomake the development or progress less slower n. (AmE.) (slang) a person who is stupid or who has not developed normally 弱智 P: To some extent, globalization isnot new. It has always been in the process of market expansion.What is new is the term globalization, which became fashionableonly recently. ☞☞ Para 4: Cold war--- a state of extremehostility between countries with opposite political systemsexisting after WWII. socialist group freeworld (Warsaw Treaty Organization) NATO (headedby the Soviet Union) (headed by U.S) They fight3 / 18each other not through shooting wars, but through fierceeconomic competition, as well as through political pressure andthreats. During the Cold War, the U.S. fought for tradeliberation partly in order to combat communism. champion: tofight for; to support or defend a principle, movement or person. e.g. He has always championed the cause of gayrights. combat: to fight against. e.g. combatcrime/terrorism/inflation/disease/drug abuse. a successionof: a number of things or people following each other in time or order; a series of e.g. Last week we had asuccession of visitors. The poor man had asuccession of misfortunes. in succession 接连地e.g. Victory followed victory in rapid succession. His words came out in quick succession. in succession (to)继承 e.g. The eldest son is the first in succession to hisfathers property. ☞☞ Paragraph 5: antidote: n. achemical, esp. a drug, which limits the effects of a position. (fig.) a way of preventing or acting against sth. bad. e.g:an antidote for snakebite 毒蛇咬伤的解毒药anantidote to boredom 解除厌倦的方法 an antidoteagainst inflation 反通货膨胀的手段 P:Many far-sightedpoliticians in Europe regarded economic unification as a way---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------to prevent nationalism, and now they also want to turn Europeinto a political union. The development of technology also supports the political concern of unite Europe. favor: v. tobe or tend to be in support of; to prefer; to treat better, esp. in an unfair way e.g. The warm climate favors many types oftropical plants. Many counties favor a presidentialsystem of government. The teacher seems to favor beautiful girls. inflation: a persistent increase in thelevel of consumer prices or a persistent decline in the purchasing power of money, caused by an increase in available currency and credit beyond the proportion of available goodsand services 通货膨胀ant. deflation 通货紧缩monetary situation 银根☞☞ Paragraph 6: Q: What doesthis mean: Now, this is becoming less true ? A: Nowadays countries are no longer viewed as distinct economic entities. disregard: not consider; to treat as unimportant multilateral: involving more than two groups or countries. credit: here means an amount of money placed by a bank at the disposal of a client, against which he may draw. 信贷☞☞Prefix ①multi-: from Latin, meaningmany, much, multiple,many times, more than one, composed of many like parts,5 / 18in many respects e.g:multicolored, multivitamin, multilateral, multinational ②mono-: from Greek, meaning one, single, lonee.g:monarch,monastery,monochrome,monogamy,monograph, monolingual, monotonous, monosyllable ③bi-: from Latin, meaning twice, two e.g:biennial, bisect, bicentennial, biped, bigamy, binoculars, bilateral, biweekly In some words referring to time periods, the prefix bi- has two meanings: twice a+- and every two+-s. Thus, biannual means both twice a year and every two years. ④tri-: from Latin, meaning three e.g. triatomic, trilateral ⑤quadri-: meaning four e.g. quadrilateral, q uad ⑥penta-:from Greek, meaning five e.g. Pentagon ⑥sex-: from Latin, meaning six e.g. sexpartite ⑦octa-: from Greek, meaning eight e.g. octagon ⑧deci-: from Latin, meaning ten. e.g. decibel, deciliter ⑨poly-: from Greek, meaning much, many e.g:polyglot, polyandry (the custom of having many husbands) Asias 1997-1998 financial crises 亚洲金融危机 flow: n. the steady and continuous movement of sth.in one direction. e.g:the flow ofriver/blood/information/refugees/goods. dwarf: v. to make sth. seem small by comparison. bond: n.a certificate of debt---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------issued by a government or corporation guaranteeing paymentof the original investment plus interest by a specified futuredate 债券 e.g. government bonds 国库券equityinvestment 产权投资, 直接投资☞Paragraph 9: binge: n.(infml) a short period when you do too much of sth, esp. drinking alcohol 狂欢作乐，大吃大喝 e.g. Each holiday is abinge of eating and sleeping. vi. (on) To eat a lotof food in a short time. e.g. Whenever she is depressed, shebinges on chocolates. to go on a binge: (infml.) to do toomuch of sth., such as eating, drinking, shopping e.g.He must have gone on a binge with his friends,because he is addicted to alcohol. cross-border: betweencountries. cross-: from one to another or between two thingse.g. cross-culture, cross-state, cross-breed,cross-examination merger 兼并 n. (c) the act of joiningtogether 2 or more companies or organizations to form onelarger one. e.g. A lot of workers have been laid off as a resultof the ~. merge: vt./vi A ~ with B A and B ~ together~ A and B acquisition: e.g. They have made acquisitions inseveral EU countries. other meanings: e.g. theories oflanguage acquisition The money will be spent on7 / 18acquisitions for the university library. ☞Para. 11corporate conviction: a firm belief of corporations economiesof scale 规模经济 stay abreast of=keepabreast of: to make sure that you know all the most recentfacts about a subject ☞Para. 13: But it is not just multinational companies seeking bigger sales and profits thatdrive globalization. relentless: adj.(antonym---relenting) If sb is ~, he never stops being cruel,strict, determined, etc. e.g. ~ struggle for socialstatus and power. a king ~ in oppression of citizens.relent: vi. to change your attitude and become less severe orcruel toward sb. 变宽容，变温和 e.g. I bumped intoher on the street. At first she would shout at me, but she ~edwhen she recognized me. hard-pressed: adj. having a lot ofproblems and not enough money or time（to do sth)处于困境的，遭受巨大压力的 sb./sth. is ~ to do sth.:it is difficult for sb. to do sth. e.g. Because of shortages,the emergency services were hard-pressed to deal with theaccident. a widespread recognition: a general opinion; ageneral agreement; a generalconsensus hamstring: to cripple; to destroy or hinder theefficiency of e.g. The company is hamstrung by its poor---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ management. fragmented: broken into parts e.g. a fragmented society. P : In Europe, the persistent and unremittingeffort to turn all countries on the continent into a single market shows that there is a general agreement that if the European market remains divided into many small parts behind national borders, their companies will not be able to competein the international market. ☞Para. 14-15: clamor: a noisy outcry seek membership: to try to join; to apply for the membership engage: (fml.) vt. to win over or attract; to connect with or involve . e.g. His smile engages everyonehe meets. WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织Established in 1995 as a successor to GATT (General Agreementon Tariff and Trade). Above all, it s a negotiating forumIt s a set of rules And it helps to settle disputes China joined WTO on 11 December 2019 150 members on 11 January 2007. ☞Para. 16: P P : Despite its financial crisis, rapid trade expansion and economic growth sharply cut the number of the desperately poor. : Despite its financial crisis, rapid trade expansion and economic growth sharply cut the number of the desperately poor. to cut the number: to reduce the number desperately poor: extremely poor P P : In9 / 18spite of the financial crisis, rapid increase of trade andeconomic growth drastically reduced the number of the very poorpeople. Meanwhile, Latin America and sub-Saharan AfricaInspite of the financial crisis, rapid increase of trade andeconomic growth drastically reduced the number of the very poorpeople. Meanwhile, Latin America and sub-Saharan Africawhose embrace of the world economy has been late or limitedwhoseembrace of the world economy has been late or limited fared muchless well.fared much less well. sub-Saharan Africa: theAfrican countries south of the Sahara Desert sub- : 1) belowor under e.g. sub-Sahara; submarine 2) almost ornearly e.g. subtropical; subhuman; subconscious 3)less important or lower in rank e.g. subordinate; substandard 4)a smaller part of a whole e.g. subcontinent, subcommittee, subculture fare: (slightly dated) v. to getalong; to turn out. e.g.The coal miners have fared badlyin recent years because the coalmine is being workedout. reckon: to calculate; to think or expect. P P : Meanwhile, Latin America and sub-Sahara Africa, whoseintegration with the world economy has been late and limited,were not so lucky. Meanwhile, Latin America and sub-SaharaAfrica, whose integration with the world economy has been late---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------and limited, were not so lucky. ☞Para. 18: P P : : twoproblems could neutralize its potential benefits. neutralize:to offset; to negate; to make ineffective P: two problemscould neutralize its potential benefits. neutralize: to offset;to negate; to make ineffective P: two problems could offsetthe possible benefits. two problems could offset the possiblebenefits. This is the transitory sentence, and the followingparagraphs are going to discuss the negative aspects of globalization. ☞Para. 19: P: The global economy may beprone to harsher boom-bust cycles than national economies individually.The global economy may be prone to harsherboom-bust cycles than national economies individually. beprone to: likely or inclined to do sth. e.g.The fiercecompetition makes students more prone to nervous breakdowns. boom: a period of sudden economic growth orprosperity as opposed to bust . ☞☞ There are manyidiomatic pairs of nouns like boom and bust. e.g. She walkedout, bag and baggage, and left him. (完全地, 连同行李地) I am all for it, body and soul. (全心全意) It was just abread and butter job. (not very interesting) A new nationwas born through the test of fire and sword. 杀人放火11 / 18We will never go to war against our own flesh and blood. They were bound hand and foot. Other examples Other examples : friend and foe; land and sea; heart and soul; partand parcel 重要的部分 ; vice and virtue 善恶 ; skin and bone皮包骨头 ; profit and loss; pins and needles （手、脚的）发麻 cloak and dagger 关于间谍(电影或传说) Comment : Once integrated with the world market, nations will naturally be more vulnerable to the fluctuations of the world economy. The capital flows in and out of a country, for example, can createa boom or bust very quickly and with much harsher effects. ☞☞ Para. 20: P P :The Asian financial crisis raised questionson both counts. count: (usu. pl.) n. a point made during a discussion or an argument 观点；问题；事项 on both counts: on both points under discussion e.g. I disagree with you on both counts. Q Q : Both counts refer to two questions, what are they? P P: The Asian financial crisis brought these two questions to people s attention: investment funds were not well used and trade flows became too lopsided.s attention: investment funds were not well used and trade flows became too lopsided. ☞☞ Para. 21: P P :The ensuing spending boom in turn aided Europe, Japan, and the United Statesby increasing imports form them. :The ensuing spending boom---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------in turn aided Europe, Japan, and the United States by increasing imports form them. ensue: (fml.) v. to happen as a result of sth. or immediately after sth. e.g. If the Middle East crisis is not resolved, terrible problems will ensue. in turn: in proper order or sequence 然后又 e.g. The government should respect peoples democratic rights, and the people in turn should obey government regulations. crony: a close friend or companion crony capitalism: an economic, political and social system controlled by a small gang of people bounded by private interests and based on favoritism inept: not effective; foolish; clumsy office buildings and apartments 写字楼和公寓房☞☞ Para. 22: P P :What prevented the Asian crisis from becoming a full-scale global economic downturn has been the astonishing U. S. economy. :What prevented the Asian crisis from becoming a full-scale global economic downturn has been the astonishing U. S. economy. downturn: a tendency downward, especially in business or economic activity Word-formation: adverb + n. e.g. upturn, downpour, downfall, uproar, input, output, outcome, outset, outlook, onrush P P : : It was the surprisingly vigorous growth of the U. S. economy that saved the Asian crisis from escalating into an all-round economic13 / 18depression. It was the surprisingly vigorous growth of the U. S. economy that saved the Asian crisis from escalating into an all-round economic depression. ☞☞Para. 23: current-account: an account of credits, debits, receipts, and expenditures between two countries 经常项目账目 balance of payments: the difference between a countrys imports and exports 国际收支 e.g. balance of payments surplus 国际收支顺差/盈余 balance of payments deficit 国际收支逆差/亏损☞☞Para. 25: P: a slowdown or recession-reflecting a decline in the stock market, a loss of consumer confidence or higher interest rates-might snowball into an international slump. a slowdown or recession-reflecting a decline in the stock market, a loss of consumer confidence or higher interest rates-might snowball into an international slump. snowball into: to grow into; to escalate into; to develop into with escalating speed. ☆ Poor economic performance is usually des cribed as: economic stagnation, a slowdown, a slackening, a downturn, a decline, a setback, a recession, a depression, a slump, or a crisis, roughly in the order of seriousness. ☞☞ Para. 26: gross domestic product: GDP 国内生产总值 C.f. GNP projection: forecast; estimate If the forecasts materialize-and the OECDs growth estimates for Japan exceed---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ most private forecasts-they will restore some balance to the world economy and relieve fears of a global recession. materialize: to become actual fact; to come true relieve: to alleviate or to reduce ☞☞Para. 28: PPara. 28: P : It remains possible that abrupt surges of global capital, first moving into Asia and then out, will have caused, with some delay, a larger instability.It remains possible that abrupt surges of global capital, first moving into Asia and then out, will have caused, with some delay, a larger instability. surge: a sudden and great increase. e.g. There has been a surge in house prices recently. P P : It is still possible that sudden increase or withdrawal of the worldIt is still possible that sudden increase or withdrawal of the world s capital, first moving into Asia and then out of it, will have made Asia more unstable. s capital, first moving into Asia and then out of it, will have made Asia more unstable. ☞☞ Para. 30: The street protesters at the Seattle meeting opposition to cross-border mergers.opposition to cross-border mergers. agenda: a list of things to be done a case against sth.: grounds for opposing sth. inspire: to stimulate; to create genetically modified food 转基因食品 nationalistic opposition: opposition based15 / 18on your loyalty to your nations interests viewed as separatefrom international common interests P P : The street protesters may not have a common program or even well-reasonedcase against free trade. But they showed clearly their worriesand anger about globalization. ☞☞Para. 32: irreversible: incapable of being reversed; impossible to return to a previous condition. e.g. Technology has had an irreversible impact on society. shield: v. to protect. e.g.The ozone layer shields the earth from the suns radiation. Several officials are accused of trying to shield the defendant. discriminate against sb.: to act on the basis of prejudice against sb. e.g. She felt she had been discriminated against because of her nationality. P : just because globalization onthe whole occurred quite naturally as a result of better communications and transportation, it does not mean that it is bound to happen and can not be turned back. Government can protect local industries and workers against imported productsor discriminate against foreign investors. ☞☞ Para. 33:P : But this does not mean that a powerful popular backlash,with unpredictable consequences, is not possible.But this doesnot mean that a powerful popular backlash, with unpredictable consequences, is not possible. backlash: an excessive---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------or marked adverse reaction. plausible: seeming likely. presumption: supposition; assumption. constituent: sb. represented by an elected official glut: an oversupply of sth. P P : We can presume that practical politicians would no doubt try to protect their voters from the flood of products form other countries. : We can presume that practical politicians would no doubt try to protect their voters from the flood of products form other countries. ☞☞ Para. 34: P P : If too many countries did, globalization could implode. implode: if something such as an organization or an economic system implodes, it is completely destroyed by things that are happening within it. e.g:The countrys economic system is facing very serious problems. If they are not addressed immediately and effectively, it could implode any day. explode: to burst or be destroyed by an explosion P P : if too many countries did, globalization could collapse violently from the inside. It s a scary prospect. Economic interdependence cuts both ways. s a scary prospect. Economic interdependence cuts both ways. prospect: sth. to be expected; possibility. interdependence: mutual dependence; the condition of depending on each other. cut both ways: (infml.)17 / 18to have disadvantages as well as advantages. P: Globalization s promise may exceed its peril--but the peril is still real. Both await the new century. One of the great dramas will be to see which prevails. s promise may exceed its peril--but the peril is still real. Both await the new century. One of the great dramas will be to see which prevails. await: (fml.) to wait for.e.g. He is in custody awaiting trial. 他已被拘留候审。
专业型硕士研究生英语课文讲义unit 9
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rather than effective makeshift cobble together on the spur of creat scene semi-automatic
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tape liter at best... at worst jury-rigged worthless partially block overpressure
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threshold sound track reproduce stagger
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insure member fire confined discharge cause temporary
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transfer define loudness in terms of output give a complete picture • outward
Textual organization
• Paragraph 2 and 3 are used as examples to tell the readers that what we see in movies may not necessarily be real from a physics point of view. • The function of Paragraph 4 is to give a scientific explanation of the actual situation related to the movie examples.
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figure moviemaker consistently artillery shell distant invariably simultaneously
研究生英语教程(上Unit 9 Affection and Friendship
Unit 9 Affection and FriendshipText A Fathers & Sons; the Bonding ProcessBill Hanson1 As far as I am concerned, my father was the finest man whoever lived. William Andrew Hanson II was my hero—John Wayne, Audie Murphy, and Joe DiMaggio all rolled into one. He was equal parts friends, mentor, and confidant. We spoke without words and loved without barriers.2 He grew up without a father, who died when Dad was only 10 years old. Life must have been lonely for a boy losing his father at such a young age, but Dad never wallowed in self-pity. He was independent and strong, a stubborn individualist. I don‟t know who taught him how to be a father, but he learned the lessons well.3 It w asn‟t easy for my parents to raise three boys. As I grew older, it was obvious that money wasn‟t plentiful, but Dad never lost his enthusiasm for living. Even our simplest conversations were painted with smiles. “ Dad, ” I would say, about to ask to borrow his hammer or pose some mundane question, and he would look up from his work and say in his unique way, “Yessiree, Bob-tailed, Buffalo Bill, Leroy Hanson the Third. ”4 He had a real way with words and f instilled in me an appreciation and knowledge for language. If you asked him the ^meaning of a word, he could tell you ; the complete etymology of it. Sometimes , lessons came when I least expected them. In high school, I brought a date home to meet my father. Trying to impress her, or just being a teenager, I was sneering and being insulting to just about everyone in the room. Dad finally said, “Bill,I want you to go over to my dictionary and tell me what the word … sarcasm ‟ means. ” He said it in such a commanding tone, I didn‟t resist. I flipped open the page and found the literal meaning—to rip flesh. In one single moment, he taught me the power of words. I haven‟t forgotten it.5 The day he died was the hardest day of my life. My world had hinged on him. No person had loved me the way he did—unconditionally.I began to appreciate how lonely he must have been when his own father died. Without Dad, I thought the hope in me had died as well. Our friendship spoke to my soul, and now the conversation was over.6 Becoming a father myself wasn‟t high on my list of things to do. I had a sense that someday it would happen, but not in the immediate future. Dirty diapers and responsibilities were not my idea of a good time. Almost a decade after my father died, an infant changed my mind. His name is Miles Christopher Hanson.7 When I think about my life today, I see it as before child and afterchild. Being a father means there are new challenges for me. I mustbe prepared to meet obstacles I never knew existed and keep one step ahead of my growing boy‟s needs.8 There was no school degree to prepare me for fatherhood. I went to the bookstores and scoured the shelves for something that would give me a recipe for being a good father. I found nothing. Here I was, endeavoring to take on the biggest commitment of my life, and I had no lines, no textbook, no videos to tell me what to do. It was a job with no description. People would say to me, “Just love him. ” Loving was the easy part. Being a father was not.9 I was terrified the first time I held this small, pink, wrinkled bundle in my arms, the first time I gave him a bath, the first time we were alone together. All I could do was remember my own childhood and realize that my father had been my world. It was the best advice I found. Slowly, I began to re alize that I had been Miles‟ world. I just started taking my cues from him and we did okay together. In fact, now we are inseparable.10 If I am mowing the lawn, Miles mows the lawn. If I am reading the paper, Miles reads the paper. If I am thirsty, so is Miles. He is imitating my steps as I once copied my own father‟s. Here is the cycle of life. We learn from our n'i fathers so we can teach our children.11 Miles taught me that the hope my father had in abundance did not die with him. When I look at Miles, I know what my father saw inme—hope for a better future. I wish there were a way to share with my father his precious grandson. Fate didn‟t see it that way. My mother married again, and now both Miles and I benefit from a caring stepfather. We have developed a father and son bond based on love, mutual admiration, and respect. My stepfather has been there for me as father, friend, and counselor. He also had taught me that fathers and sons don‟t necessarily have to share flesh and bones. A father is someone who is willing to claim a son as his own and take the responsibility of that relationship. I am fortunate to have his influence in my life.12 Being a father (parent) is—let‟s face it—a pretty thankless job. In today‟s media, the only fathers we se e are the “deadbeat” dads. Where are the millions of men who toil day after day, sacrificing their own needs in order to fulfill the needs of theirfamily? Those men are out there, but there are no rewards. Think about it, when the cameras pan the sideline s at a sporting event, do you hear “Dad?” No—moms get all the credit.13 Over the years, I have taken pictures to salute the men who are raising the next generation of fathers. They are redefining what it is to be a father. I consider the relationship between mother and child equally significant. In fact, Miles has a great relationship with his mother, as I do with mine. Nevertheless, the photos are designed to encompass the relationship between father and son. As fathers, old expectations were toprotect, discipline, and provide for their offspring. Today, society expects and needs men to be more involved. Th e question is how.14 Each father and son team I have portrayed has found common ground in their relationship. Some fathers are in the wonderment phase—seeing the world through the eyes of their growing sons. Others are watching their sons cope with the demons of today. One or two fathers are discovering their sons. Some sons are fatherless, and some fathers are sonless. There are fathers who have watched their sons combat a fatal disease, others who have watched their sons grow into successful businessmen. Some of the fathers have been primary caregivers to their sons, while others have felt the pain of seeing their offspring grow up in a distant city because of divorce. One of the fathers talks of sharing the moment of winning a world championship title with his son, and another writes of reading Goose Bumps to his sons each evening. Fathers talk about newborns entering the world and about coaching Little League, of sons marrying and having their own sons, and of the passing of tradition. Each has taught by example and each has loved unconditionally.15 I hope that, through my photos, you will see men who are doing their best for their sons. You‟11 also see sons who are making their fathers proud—not because they are presidents, star athletes, millionaires, or celebrities, but because, at one point in history, a man had a son, and that son had a father who became his whole world. They learned fromeach other, laughed with each other, argued with each other, and loved. The bond between fathers and sons is unbreakable. It can be celebrated, cursed, strained, ridiculed, and honored. However, it can not be broken.(1330words)。
研究生英语综合教程(上)Unit9PPT课件
综合教程（上）
INTEGRATED COURSE
Unit 9
Affordable Housing
Content
Starting out Reading Focus Reading More Practical Translation Focused Writing Final Project
Starting out
Task 1
With rapid economic development in China, people’s housing conditions have been greatly improved, but house prices have also risen. Interview some of your friends, especially those who were born before or during the 1970s, about the changes they have experienced in the cost and condition of their housing. The following are some possible topics that you may like to raise.
Starting out—Task 3
Task 3
Read the following paragraph and discuss with your partner what your choice would be if you were in Lao Wang’s situation. Give the reasons for your choice.
Starting out—Task 1
研究生英语精读教程[上册]Unit Nine
![研究生英语精读教程[上册]Unit Nine](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/8bdd05560b4e767f5acfced5.png)
When he had told how a man had been thrown from his horse and killed because a calf had run in his way, my mother asked with genuine interest, "What became of* the calf?" She was not indifferent to the man's death, she was interested in the calf*, too.
1. (be) forgetful of (be) in the habit of forgetting健忘 2. strenuous※ adj. taking great effort;showing great activity
奋发的，使劲的；精力充沛的 3. indestructible adj. that cannot be destroyed破坏不了的，
1. conspirator△ n. one who takes part in a conspiracy共谋者，阴谋家
2. indictment n. accusation控告，告发，起诉
[ 4 ] She never used large words, yet when her pity or indignation* was stirred she was the most eloquent person I have ever heard. We had a little slave boy whom we had hired from someone there in Hannibal①. He had been taken from his family in Maryland, brought halfway across the continent, and sold.
研究生综合英语unit 9 PPT
• Dr. Klass is Professor of Journalism and
Pediatrics at New York University, and Medical Director of Reach Out and Read, a national childhood literacy program that works through doctors and nurses to encourage parents to read aloud to young children, and to give them the books they need to do it. She is a member of the National Advisory Council of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and has been nominated by the President of the United States to the Advisory Board of the National Institute For Literacy.
• Argument 1 (para. 4-7)
Observing from a historical perspective, ambition has been a pejorative word. However, the author has her own understanding on this word. Example 1: the word ―ambitious‖ linked to a ―career woman‖ who is ruthless. Example 2: ―ambitious‖ is still a nasty attribute even it is favored by the ones who want to be s, the posthumous Ethics, in which he opposed Descartes’s mind–body dualism, has earned him recognition as one of Western philosophy’s most important contributors. In the Ethics, ―Spinoza wrote the last indisputable Latin masterpiece, and one in which the refined conceptions of medieval philosophy are finally turned against themselves and destroyed entirely.‖ Philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel said of all contemporary philosophers, ―You are either a Spinozist or not a philosopher at all.‖
大学英语精读 Unit 9 课件 The Damed Human Race
Content
The author
The structure The analysis and appreciation The reflection
The analysis
Thesis statement: I have been studying the traits and dispositions of the “lower animals”, and contrasting them with the traits and dispositions of man. I find the result humiliating to me. (Para. 1)
1.Man is the only one 3.Man is 4.Man is the that deals in the only 5.Man is the 2.Man is the only Patriot. the atrocity Slave and only only one that 6.Man is of war. robs his the only religious incurably who animal. helpless foolish. enslaves. fellow of his country.
The Damned Human Race
The Germans constituted about one third of the King’s troop in America. For these mercenaries, Britain paid the German rulers a total of 1.77 million pounds.
Died
Pen name
经管类研究生实用英语听说最新版教学课件unit 9
4
Listening Comprehension Test
4
Listening Comprehension Test
Section I
A train, known as the “East Wind,” was made up of 34 wagons. It was the first to make the 16-day journey from East China to Britain, reviving the ancient trading Silk Road route. The train went through China, Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus, Poland, Germany, Belgium and France before crossing under the English Channel and arriving in the east end of London. The train is faster than a ship, cheaper than a plane, but it goes through a number of transformations on its way. Differing rail gauges in countries along the route mean a single locomotive and set of wagons cannot travel the whole route.
2
Listening Practice
2. Listen to Get Communication Skills
Wording: Formal; free compounds, derivations Figures of speech: Analogy, transferred epithet, metaphor, foreign expression, inversion
研究生英语精读课程9
Unit NineIs Rock Music Rotting Our Kids' Minds?［1］Picture a thirteen-year-old boy sitting in the living room of his family home doing his math assignment while wearing his Walkman①headphones or watching MTV②. He enjoys the liberties hard won over centuries by the alliance of philosophic genius and political heroism, consecrated* by the blood of martyrs*;he is provided with comfort and leisure by the most productive economy ever known to mankind; science has penetrated the secrets of nature in order to provide him with the marvelous, lifelike electronic sound and image reproductions he is enjoying. And in what does progress culminate*?A pubescent* child whose body throbs* with orgasmic* rhythms; whose feelings are made articulate* in hymns* to the joys of onanism* or the killing of parents; whose ambition is to win fame and wealth in imitating the drag-queen①who makes the music. In short, life is made into a nonstop, commercially prepackaged masturbational* fantasy*.［2］This description may seem exaggerated, but only because some would prefer to regard it as such. The continuing exposure to rock music is a reality, not one confined to a particular class or type of child.One need only ask first-year university students what music they listen to, how much of it and what it means to them, in order to discover that the phenomenon is universal in America, that it begins in adolescence* or a bit before and continues through the college years.It is the youth culture and, as I have so often insisted, there is now no other countervailing* nourishment* for the spirit. Some of this culture's power comes from the fact that it is so loud. It makes conversation impossible, so that much of friendship must be without the shared speech that Aristotle①asserts* is the essence of friendship and the only true common ground.With rock, illusions* of shared feelings, bodily contact and grunted* formulas, which are supposed to contain so much meaning beyond speech, are the basis of association. None of this contradicts going about the business of life, attending classes and doing the assignments for them. But the meaningful inner life is with the music... ［3］My concern here is not with the moral effects of this music - whether it leads to sex, violence or drugs. The issue here is its effect on education, and I believe it ruins the imagination of young people and makes it very difficult for them to have a passionate relationship to the art and thought that are the substance of liberal education.The first sensuous* experiences are decisive in determining the taste for the whole of life, and they are the link between the animal and spiritual in us.The period of nascent* sensuality has always been used for sublimation*, in the sense of making sublime, for attaching youthful inclinations and longings to music, pictures and stories that provide the transition* to the fulfillment of the human duties and the enjoyment of the human pleasures.Lessing①, speaking of Greek sculpture*, said, “Beautiful men made beautiful statues, and the city had beautiful statues in part to thank for beautiful citizens.” This formula encapsulates* the fundamental principle of the esthetic* education of man.Young men and women were attracted by the beauty of heroes whose very bodies expressed their nobility. The deeper understanding of the meaning of nobility comes later, but is prepared for by the sensuous experience and is actually contained in it. What the senses long for as well as what reason later sees as good are thereby not attension with one another.Education is not sermonizing* to children against their instincts and pleasures, but providing a natural continuity between what they feel and what they can and should be. But this is a lost art. Now we have come to exactly the opposite point.Rock music encourages passions and provides models that have no relation to any life the young people who go to universities can possibly lead, or to the kinds of admiration encouraged by liberal studies. Without the cooperation of the sentiments, anything other than technical education is a dead letter.［4］Rock music provides premature ecstasy* and, in this respect, is like the drugs with which it is allied.It artificially induces* the exaltation* naturally attached to the completion of the greatest endeavors* - victory in a just war, consummated* love, artistic creation, religious devotion and discovery of the truth.Without effort, without talent, without virtue, without exercise of the faculties*, anyone and everyone is accorded* the equal right to the enjoyment of their fruits.In my experience, students who have had a serious fling* with drugs - and gotten over it - find it difficult to have enthusiasms or great expectations. It is as though the color has been drained out of their lives and they see everything in black and white.The pleasure they experienced in the beginning was so intense that they no longer look for it at the end, or as the end. They may function perfectly well, but dryly, routinely. Their energy has been sapped, and they do not expect their life's activity to produce anything but a living, whereas liberal education is supposed to encourage the belief that the good life is the pleasant life and that the best life is the most pleasant life.I suspect that the rock addiction*, particularly in the absence of strong counterattractions, has an effect similar to that of drugs. The students will get over this music, or at least the exclusive passion for it.But they will do so in the same way Freud①says that men accept the reality principle - as something harsh, grim and essentially unattractive, a mere necessity.These students will assiduously* study economics or the professions and the Michael Jackson costume* will slip off to reveal a Brooks Brothers①suit beneath. They will want to get ahead and live comfortably.But this life is as empty and false as the one they left behind. The choice is not between quick fixes and dull calculation. This is what liberal education is meant to show them. But as long as they have the Walkman on, they cannot hear what the great tradition has to say. And, after its prolonged use, when they take it off, they find they are deaf.Ⅱ. Vocabulary1. The doctor consecrated all his life to improving hospital care and public health in his community.A. dedicatedB. contributedC. distributedD. resigned2. The army’s brave fighting culminated in total victory.A. receivedB. brought upC. resulted inD. led3. Nothing on earth can countervail the loss of one’s health.A. counterturnB. compensate forC. prevailD. counteract4.The substance of an education is its effect on your life, and is not just the ability.A. purportB. characteristicC. qualityD. feature5.It is reported that some pubescent children exhibit the sign of a type A behavior pattern, fostered by parentalchild-rearing practice.A. weakB. specialC. adolescentD. bright6.As working hours tend to get shorter and shorter, people should learn how to spend their increased leisure in some satisfying way.A. timeB. chanceC. free timeD. luxury7.It always takes some time to get over the shock of someone's death.A. overcomeB. do withoutC. ignoreD. deal with8.They accorded due praise to him for exceeding his fellow-workers in production.A. matchedB. sublinedC. awardedD. revealed9.Those who have a fling with drugs find it very difficult to overcome its effects.A. likeB. enjoy inC. love forD. indulge in10.His friends asserted that he was innocent.A. saidB. believedC. showedD. declared forcefully11.Good motion pictures create _______ reality.A. delusionB. AllusionC. illusionD. illustration12.The position _______，does not appeal to him, but the salary is a lure.A. that isB. as suchC. such asD. with that13.The _______ of children to good art and healthy books is essential to their healthy growth.A. learningB. exposingC. knowingD. appealing14.Civilized people ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes _______ by fighting.A. insteadB. ratherC. unlessD. other than15.To cultivate the sea is not a _______，because fish are being raised in ponds and tanks so that the people can have a supply of protein.A. planB. fantasyC. remedyD. solution16.No matter how hard I tried, I could not _______ the mystery.A. learnB. solveC. penetrateD. probe17. _______ some people, pleasure is more important than work.A. AsB. OfC. LikeD. With18.The best cure for grief is to _______ your usual work.A. forgetB. go aboutC. give upD. change19.Your memory or _______ forms _______ of people and things you do not actually see.A.images...imaginationB.images...imagesC.imagination...imagesD.imagination...imagination20.It's a shame to see many fine old houses being made _______ flats.A. inB. ofC. intoD. onⅣ. Translation (English to Chinese)It is true that as a social organization moves from the simple to the complex, so does the organization throughwhich it educates its children. Growth and change are vital if education is to meet new needs and demands. In a very simple social order, it may suffice to have the parents carry on the education of their children.However, as will be shown later in more detail, such a method may become entirely untenable, and special individuals are entrusted with the task. These may be hired privately first, but soon the social group, the church, village and the like—will be responsible for educationEventually, special training is required for those who do the teaching, and an agency to control this training is needed. Thus the influence of the local government unit, such as the town, and later the state or the province, become necessary.1.缺乏对局势的透彻了解使他们很难对情况迅速做出结论。
考研英语精读9
The Brain The Most Powerful Computer in the Universe Man still has a lot to learn about the most powerful and complex part of his body —— the brain. In ancient times men did not think that the brain was the centre of mental activity. Aristotle the philosopher of ancient Greece thought that the mind was based in the heart. It was not until the 18th century that man realised that the whole of the brain was involved in the workings of the mind. During the 19th century scientists found that when certain parts of the brain were damaged men lost the ability to do certain things. And so， people thought that each part of the brain controlled a different activity. But modern research has found that this is not so. It is not easy to say exactly what each part of the brain does. In the past 50 years there has been a great increase in the amount of research being done on the brain. Chemists and biologists have found that the way the brain works is far more complicated that they had thought. In fact many people believe that we are only now really starting to learn the truth about how the human brain works. The more scientists find out， the more questions they are unable to answer. For instance， chemists have found that over 100，000 chemical reactions take place in the brain every second. Mathematicians who have tried to use computers to copy the way the brain works have found that even using the latest electronic equipment they would have to build a computer which weighed over 10，000 kilos. Some recent research also suggests that we remember everything that happens to us. We may not be able to recall this information， but it is all stored in our brains. Scientists hope that if we can discover how the brain works， the better use we will be able to put it to. For example，how do we learn language？ Man differs most from all the other animals in his ability to learn and use language but we still do not know exactly how this is dine. Some children learn to speak and read and write when they are very young compared to average children. But scientists are not sure why this happens. They are trying to find out whether there is something about the way we teach language to children which in fact prevents children from learning sooner. Earlier scientists thought that during a man's lifetime the power of his brain decreased. But it is now thought that this is not so. As long as the brain is given plenty of exercise it keeps its power. It has been found that an old person who has always been mentally active has a quicker mind than a young person who has done only physical work. It is now thought that the more work we give our brains， the more work they are able to do. Other people now believe that we use only 1% of our brains' full potential. They say that the only limit on the power of the brain is the limit of what we think is possible. This is probably because of the way we are taught as children. When we first start learning to use our minds we are told what to do， for example， to remember certain facts， but we are not taught how our memory works and how to make that best use of it. We are told to make noted hut we are not taught how our brains accept information and which is the best way to organise the information we want our brains to accept. This century man has made many discoveries about the universe —— the world outside himself. But he has also started to look into the workings of that other universe which is inside himself —— the human brain. NEW WORDS computer n. machine that stores information and works out answers 计算机 universe n. 宇宙 complex a. difficult to understand or explain 错综复杂的，难懂的 ancient a. in or of times long ago 古代的；古⽼的 philosopher n. 哲学家 philosophy n. 哲学 involve vt. cause to become connected or concerned 使卷⼊ working n. （usu. pl.） operation； action 运转，运⾏，活动 ability n. 能⼒ exactly ad. with complete connected or concerned 确切地；精确地 amount n. 数量，数额 chemist n. one who studies and understands chemistry 化学家 biologist n. one who studies the life of animals and plants ⽣物学家 biology n. ⽣物学 complicated n. difficult to understand， complex 难懂的；复杂的 chemical a. of chemistry unable a. not able reaction n. 反应 mathematician n. one who studies and understands mathematics 数学家 equip n. 设备，装置 kilo = kilogram 公⽄，千克 recent a. done or made not long ago 近来的 recall vt. remember 记得；回忆起 differ vi. be different （from） mentally ad. 智⼒上，脑⼒上 physical a. of the body； of matter； of the science of physics ⾝体的；物质的；物理学的 potential n. 潜⼒ limit n. 局限，限度 PHRASES & EXPRESSIONS put……to （good） use use （in a profitable）（好好）利⽤ differ from be dissimilar to 与……不同 compared to / with in comparison with 与……相⽐ make notes take notes 记笔记 look into examine 调查，观察 PROPER NAMES Aristotle 亚⾥⼠多德 Greece 希腊。
研究生英语阅读教程基础级第三版PPTlesson-9
Warm-up Questions
Tips
2. What are the possible effects of smoking?
●At the very beginning, feel refreshed and stimulated; once addicted to it, suffer from…; are more likely to…; develop lung-related illnesses,; not only… but also…; a form of self-battering…
9
Background Information
meat and poultry(家禽), human and animal drugs, therapeutic (治疗的)agents of biological origin, medical devices, radiation-emitting products for consumer, medical, and occupational use, cosmetics(化妆品) , and animal feed(饲料). The agency grew from a single chemist in the U.S. Department of Agriculture in 1862 to a staff of approximately 9,100 employees and a budget of
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Main Idea
This is about the absurdity of some kinds of human behavior. Is tobacco poisonous? Quindlen knows that already. She tells us t h a t the government, tobacco companies and addicts twist, pervert and distort the truth to try to keep it legal. She begins with problems urging the FDA to ban it. Then she indicates how profitable it is
研究生英语上册Unit9new words
spinster和 bachelor这两个词也同样如 此 —— 表示不同性别的“未婚之人”。
neuter
adj. 中性的；不及物的；无性的
pejorative
adj. 轻蔑的
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prissiness
n.严肃谨慎
bachelor 是个中性词，经常用作褒 义，而spinster却一般用作贬义，具 有拘谨、大惊小怪等涵义。
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你很少听到一个已过青春期的男子 被称为男孩，除非在像“和男孩子 出去”这样的短语中，它流露出一 种少年轻浮和不负责任的腔调。
lurk
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n.潜伏；埋伏 vi.潜伏；潜藏；埋伏 这大概是因为“女孩”和“女士” 都同样是委婉用法：在强调未成熟 这个概念时，“女孩”排除了“女 人”所潜藏的性的含义。
baldly
adv.露骨的；直截了当地，率直地
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像这样的句子，自然存有其它解释 的可能性，一种可能性是：说话者 心目中有一个特定的回答 —— “是的”或“不是” —— 但他不 愿直述其言。
subliminal
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adj.潜在意识的；微小的难以察觉 的 n. 潜意识
这种不确定性又进一步下意识地得 到强化。
overtones
n. 泛音；弦外之音
Chivalry
n. 骑士精神；骑士制度
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Stature
n.身高，身材（精神、道德等 的）高度
另一方面，许多妇女认为，“女士” 一词寓意深刻，使人想起骑士风范 的那个时代：赋予所指之人很高的 地位。
denigrate
vt. 诋毁；使变黑；玷污
研究生英语 Unit 9
e.g.Most of our economic gains have gone to people at the very top of the income ladder.我们绝大多数的经济增长都是由高收入人群取得的
ladder n. 阶梯；途径；梯状物 vi. 成名；发迹 vt. 在……上装设梯子
e.g.At that time only, not every day, if you can afford it. 只有在那个时 刻，而非每天都如此，而且是在你能力所及之处。
第二段
Home ownership is near an all-time high, but the gap is growing between the Owns and the Own-Nots —as well as the Owns and the Own-80-Miles-From-Work. One-third of Americans now spend at least 30% of their income on housing, the federal definition of an "unaffordable" burden, and half the working poor spend at least 50% of their income on rent, a "critical" burden. The real estate boom of the past decade has produced windfalls for Americans who owned before it began, but affordable housing is now a serious problem for more low- and moderate-income Americans than taxes, Social Security or gas prices.
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… things Americans habitually prefer not to think about. ends: aims; purposes We can neither forget nor imagine in our own image without paying a high price. If we don‟t forget or imagine individually, we needn‟t pay a lot. void: confusion; a large or frightening space; emptiness
be composed of gratifying, satisfying intrinsic inherent pilgrimage: a journey to a sacred place or shrine; a long journey or search, especially one of exalted purpose or moral significance. quest: a long and difficult search for sth.
par excellence : typically speaking; stand on their own two feet : being independent and manage their lives without other‟s help self-supporting ; send in it the kind of story or narrative, as of a pilgrimage or quest, that many cultures have used to link private and public; present, past, and future; and the life of the individual to the life of society and the meaning of the cosmos.
hegemonic, predominant impoverished: poor; poverty-stricken vacuous (vacuum): empty; devoid of meaning
keep… afloat: keep free or out of difficulty
the story or narrative
that
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doctrinaire:教条主义的 ，脱离实际的
doctrine 教条, 学说 coherent 连贯的 oppressive 压迫的
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small town --- narrow --- communities doctrinaire church -- oppressive – practices
mores: custom desperate : undertaken out of extreme urgency or as a last resort constriction jettison: discard; abandon
And even those 【most trapped in the language of the isolated self (In the end you‟re really alone)】 are troubled by the nihilism （they sense there ）and eager to find a way of overcoming the emptiness of purely arbitrary “values.” language --- theory, philosophy nihilism：all values are baseless and that nothing can be known or communicated
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narrative in terms of with regard to; as expressed by make sense, meaningful period, periodize periodization （历史时代的划分） intrigue: arouse the interest and curiosity
exacerbate
恶化，加剧
deteriorate
aggravate make…worse resolve the problem derive from to a large degree
anomalous,
irregular, abnormal
For highly individuated Americans, there is something anomalous about the relation between parents and children. The biologically normal dependence of children on adults is perceived as morally abnormal. depend on, be dependent on, dependence on abnormal: amnesia : partial or total loss of memory
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consider…as… without reference to with reference to; in reference to
…
【what the ever freer and more autonomous self is free for】 only grows more obscure. The ever freer and more autonomous self is free for what …grows more obscure: becomes more ambiguous, vague
conclusion from
conversely; oppositely ---similarly be uneasy about
ancestors and descendants 祖先和子孙 inability incapability incompetence continuity nostalgia: a bittersweet longing for things, persons, or situations of the past. all the more; even more than before poignant: painful; distressing;
speak of … as: regard …as self-made: having achieved success or recognition by one„s own efforts inherit generalize: to draw inferences or a general
Lesson 9 The Meaning of The Life Course
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To them, a self worth having only comes into existence through participation with others in the effort to create a just and loving society. To them, a self 【worth having】 only comes into existence through participation （with others）（ in the effort to create a just and loving society）.