高中英语(人教版)选修六Unit 5 The power of nature Using language课时作业

Unit 5 The power of nature Using language课时作业Ⅰ.阅读理解AThe US government has recently helped people learn more about the dangers of earthquakes by publishing a map. This map shows the chances of an earthquake in each part of the country. The areas of the map where earthquakes are most likely to occur are called earthquake belts. The government is spending a great deal of money and is working hard to help to discover the answers to these two questions：Can we predict earthquakes?Can we control earthquakes?To answer the first question, scientists are looking very closely atthe most active fault (断层) systems in the country, such as the SanAndreas fault in California. A fault is a break between two sections ofthe earth's surface. These breaks between sections are the places where earthquakes occur. Scientists look at the faults for changes which might show that an earthquake was about to occur. But it will probably be many years before we can predict earthquakes correctly. And the control of earthquakes is even farther away.However, there have been some interesting developments in the field of controlling earthquakes. The most interesting development concerns the Rocky Mountain Arsenal earthquakes. Here water was put into a layer of rocks 4,000 metres below the surface of the ground. Shortly after this injection (注射) of water, there was a small number of earthquakes. Scientists have decided that the water which was injected into the rocks worked like oil on each other.When the w ater “oiled” the fault, the fault became slippery and the energy of an earthquake was given out. Scientists are still experimenting at the site of these earthquakes. They have realized that there is a connection between the injection of the water and the earthquake activity. They have suggested that it might be possible to use this knowledge to prevent very big, dangerous earthquakes, that is, scientists could inject some kind of fluid like water into faults and change one big earthquake into a number of small, harmless earthquakes.语篇解读：为了提高人们对地震的防范意识，美国政府加大了在防震、预测方面的投入，他们甚至在努力采取措施控制地震的发生。

1．Earthquakes belts are ________.A．maps that show where earthquakes are likely to occurB．zones with a high probability of earthquakesC．breaks between two sections of the earth's surfaceD．the two layers of earth along a fault解析：选B细节理解题。

根据第一段的第三句可知，地震多发地带被称为earthquakebelts。

2．The San Andreas fault is ________.A．an active fault systemB．a place where earthquakes have been predicted correctlyC．a place where earthquakes have been controlledD．at the foot of the Rocky Mountain解析：选A细节理解题。

根据第二段可知，该地区为地震比较活跃的地区。

3．What did scientists learn about earthquakes at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal?A．They occur at about 4,000 metres below ground level.B．The injection of water into earthquake faults prevents earthquakes from occurring.C．They are usually caused by the oil in the faults.D．Harmful earthquakes could be prevented by causing harmless earthquakes.解析：选D细节理解题。

根据最后一段尾句可知。

4．What can be said about the experiments at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal?A．They have no practical value in earthquake prevention.B．They may have practical value in earthquake prevention.C．They are certain to have practical value in earthquake prevention.D．Nothing is told about their practical value in earthquake prevention.解析：选B推理判断题。

根据科学家的试验，通过向断裂带注水可以引发小地震，从而使地震的能量得到释放，因此也就降低了大地震爆发的可能。

BThere are over 500 known active volcanoes in the world and thousands of extinct volcanoes. V olcanoes are found on every continent except Australia. There are about 80 active volcanoes under the oceans. V olcanoes are both terrifying and fascinating. In order to understand why volcanic eruptions happen, it is necessary to know some things about how the Earth is made.The part of the Earth we live on is an 18-mile-thick layer of solid rock called the crust. Beneath the crust is a layer called the mantle (地幔), it is hot enough to melt some of the rock, creating magma (岩浆).When the magma finds cracks in the Earth's crust, it rises up. Gas bubbles (气泡) inside the magma grow bigger and try to escape as the molten rock gets closer to the Earth's surface. When the gas bubbles can't be held back any longer, the volcano erupts. Imagine shaking a soda bottle until the gas inside blows the cap off, and you can understand something of how a volcano erupts. If the magma is runny, and the gas can escape easily, the eruption is gentle. But if the magma is thick, the gas has to build up more pressure to escape. Then the eruption is explosive.When a volcano erupts, the molten rock that flows from it is called lava. The lava may runfor some distance, or it may pile up near the volcano, making the mountain larger.During an explosive eruption, pieces of rock are thrown from the volcano. Scientists call these pyroclasts (火山碎屑). The smallest pyroclasts are called ash. Ash is often thrown into the atmosphere by the force of the eruption. Larger rocks, about walnut (胡桃) size, are called lapilli, Italian for “little stones”. The largest pyr oclasts are called blocks if they are solid, or bombs if they are molten.V olcanoes have been a major force in the formation of our planet for thousands and thousands of years. Today geologists continually observe active volcanoes for signs of eruption. Using modern instruments, they are usually able to issue a warning before the volcano erupts.语篇解读：本文向我们介绍了火山的一些基本知识。