优化方案高考英语总复习 第1部分 基础考点聚焦 Unit 2 Historical Figures知

Unit 2 Historical Figures
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The (invent) of printing about this time meant that knowledge could
be recorded and shared as never before.
答案：invention
2．It took years of work to reduce the (industry) pollution and clean
the water.
答案：industrial
3．The more he learned (chemist)，the more interested he was in it.
答案：chemistry
4．It’s important that we should show (consider) for others if we are
to live in harmony with them in social life.
答案：consideration
5．—Do you know how many points have you got in this examination?
—I don’t know.In fact，I don’t care the points，but I care about what
mistakes I have made.
答案：about
6．George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but I’d rather he (focus) more on its culture.
答案：focused
7. It’s not what we do once in a while shapes our lives，but what we
do consistently.
答案：that
8．I’m considering (become)a teacher after graduation because a teacher
is often considered to be the engineer of human souls.
答案：becoming
9． (how) interesting the film is，I won’t waste any time on it.
答案：However
10．With (rise)costs，it is difficult for him to make both ends meet .
答案：rising
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2016·威海一中模拟)Coral reefs(珊瑚礁) are not just beautiful to look at，but also
very useful.They shelter nearly 25% of ocean life and provide food for billions of
people.However，like many other species，this amazing ecosystem(生态系统) is in
danger of dying out!
There are two main reasons for the destruction—the rising carbon dioxide levels
caused by global warming as well as human influences like bottom operation.While
not much can be done about the former，the loss caused by the latter can be reduced.
Bottom operation involves dropping nets to the ocean bed and then dragging them up
when filled with fish.This action damaged the ocean floor，causing the coral branches
to separate from the reefs.While that is very discouraging，the good news is that
if these branches are found quickly，they can be saved.At present，that work is being
performed by volunteer divers.But the method has only limited success because they cannot stay long underwater，nor reach depths of over 200 meters where some of the deep­sea coral grows.
However，this is not the case for Coralbots—the robots that can constantly seek out broken branches.A team of “coralbots”，each individually working to simple rules will piece together damaged bits of coral，allowing them to regrow.They are programmed to be able to distinguish between other things and the coral.The robots work together in groups，similar to bees.If one coralbot is damaged then the others will still be able to complete the task.
Dr Lea­Anne Henry said：“The project of using coralbots offers us the possibility to restore(修复) the function of reefs.It is in the final stage of testing.Once ready，the researchers hope to build hundreds of them and use them effectively in the waters off Scotland and then hopefully in the oceans across the world.”【文章大意】本文主要介绍了珊瑚礁所面临的问题以及应对的方法。

珊瑚礁由于全球变暖以及人类的一些海底作业活动而濒临灭绝。

对此，Coralbots却是一个挽救珊瑚礁的好帮手，它可以长时间待在水下以帮助受损的珊瑚礁重新生长。

1．Which of the following is a cause of the danger that coral reefs are facing? A．The appearance of new creatures.
B．The seriously polluted sea water.
C．The activities of volunteer divers.
D．Human activities like bottom operation.
D 解析：细节理解题。

根据文章第二段的第一句话“There are two main reasons for the destruction—the rising carbon dioxide levels caused by global warming as well as human influences like bottom operation.”可知选D。

2．Compared with volunteer divers，coralbots ．
A．can stay longer underwater
B．must work as bees do
C．can distinguish what is coral
D．can never be damaged
A 解析：细节理解题。

根据第三段最后一句“But the method has only limited success because they cannot stay long underwater，nor reach depths of over 200 meters where some of the deep­sea coral grows.”以及第四段的“However，this is not the case for Coralbots...”可知，志愿者不能长时间待在水下，但是Coralbots可以。

故选A。

3．What does the underlined word “them” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Coralbots. B．Broken branches.
C．Working bees. D．Bits of coral.
A 解析：代词指代题。

根据下文的“e them effectively in the waters off Scotland and then hopefully in the oceans across the world.”可知这里的them指代的是上文提到的Coralbots，因为要用这些东西来修复珊瑚礁。

故选A。

4．We can infer from the passage that ．
A．bottom operation has affected most underwater creatures
B．broken branches of coral can regrow if saved in time
C．hundreds of the coralbots have worked well in the oceans
D．with the coralbots all damaged coral reefs can be restored
B 解析：推理判断题。

根据文章第四段的“...this is not the case for Coralbots—the robots that can constantly seek out broken branches.A team of‘coralbots’，each individually working to simple rules will piece together damaged bits of coral，allowing them to regrow.”判断选B。

B
(2016·河南开封模拟)Nowadays many people are concerned about
the problem of what to do with electronic waste such as old
televisions，computers，radios，cellular telephones and other
electronic equipment.
Electronic trash，or e­waste，is piling up faster than ever
in American homes and businesses.People do not know what to
do with old televisions or computers so they throw them in the trash.
National Solid Waste Management Association(NSWMA) state programs director Chaz Miller says the large amount of electronic waste Americans product is not unexpected. The US Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) estimates more than 400 million consumer electronic items are dumped each year，and there is a push by more states to ban the waste from landfills(垃圾填埋场) and create recycling programs.They can be torn apart and sorted for useable parts.Mike Fannon who runs the plant in Baltimore says，“There are lots of valuable metals that can be recovered and reused instead of just putting them in the landfill，and in certain components there are some materials that should not really be in the landfill.”
Fannon says nearly 20 percent of electronic waste is recycled nationwide.Thirteen years ago，it was only about 6 percent.Recycling rates continue to rise as more communities have banned electronics from landfills in order to keep e­waste poisons like lead(铅) and mercury(汞) out of garbage dumps.
This year several states like Vermont imposed a ban on electronic waste in landfills.More than 25 other states have also adopted bans on e­waste in landfills.Chaz Miller says more can be done to boost electronic waste recycling. “We can do much better，”noted Miller.“I think clearly our goal should be to do as well as we do recycling newspapers.”
【文章大意】本文是新闻报道类文章。

该文章主要介绍了西方国家的电子废物处理方式，最佳的方法就是回收，否则会对环境造成巨大的危害。

5．Which of the following does NO T belong to e­waste?
A．Old televisions. B．Old computers.
C．Old cell phones. D．Old newspapers.
D 解析：细节理解题。

根据题干关键词e­waste找到文章第一段的“with electronic waste such as old televisions，computers，radios，cellular telephones and other electronic equipment”可知e­waste中不包括old newspapers，故选D。

6．Why is e­waste banned from landfills in many states?
A．Because it can not be recycled.
B．Because the landfills are already full.
C．Because it might damage the environment.
D．Because it can be shipped to other countries.
C 解析：推理判断题。

根据题干关键词e­waste banned from landfills找到文章对应段
落是第五段，其中的“Recycling rates continue to rise as more communities have banned electronics from landfills in order to keep e­waste poisons like lead(铅) and mercury (汞) out of garbage dumps.”可知废旧电子产品会对环境造成巨大危害。

故选C。

7．According to Mike Fannon，what might be the best way of dealing with e­waste? A．Recycling it. B．Selling it.
C．Burying it. D．Breaking it.
A 解析：细节理解题。

根据题干关键词Mike Fannon找到文章对应段落是第四段，根据“Mike Fannon who runs the plant in Baltimore says，‘There are lots of valuable metals that can be recovered and reused instead of just putting them in the landfill，and in certain components there are some materials that should not really be in the landfill.’”可知回收利用才是处理电子废物的最佳方法。

故选A。

8．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Chaz Miller works for EPA.
B．Miller is optimi stic about the future of e­waste.
C．At present，less than 10 percent of e­waste is recycled.
D．All states in the US have banned e­waste from landfills.
B 解析：推理判断题。

根据文章最后一段“‘We can do much better，’noted Mille r.‘I think clearly our goal should be to do as well as we do recycling newspapers.’”推断Miller对电子废物的处理持乐观的态度。

故选B。

Ⅲ.七选五
How do you stay true to yourself when you’re surrounded by friends and/or family that have an opinion on everything you do？It’s not easy! 1. ．Here are 4 tips which can help you live a dynamic life.
2．
Stay true to yourself by listening to the only opinions that really matter—your own and those from people who believe in and encourage you.Deep down you know yourself better than anybody else.
Don’t fear people
3．．The reason why most people don’t take risks，or live on the edge is the fear of what others might think of them.If you want to live the life you truly deserve，you must give up the need to be liked by everybody.
Value yourself and your choices
When you do，others will too.Own the choices you make in your life.4. ．When you believe in yourself，in time，others will believe in you too.Show confidence in your choices and what you stand for whether others agree or not.
Focus on appreciation
No matter what the circumstances are，there is always something to be grateful for.All successful people ask：What am I grateful for？How can I improve my situation and use the tough time to inspire others？5. ．
These steps，if applied，will help you transform your peace of mind，lifestyle，and productivity.
A．Focus on your own talents and strengths
B．Never let others’ opinions guide your choices
C．Treat every person like they are important
D．When you doubt yourself，others will doubt you
E．Stay fearless in everything you will have to do
F．Be thankful to life and be helpful to others，and you’ll lead a successful life G．However，there are great possibilities that you can lead the life you really want 答案：1～5.GBEDF。