key words 1
key words和main idea练习22篇
O. Henry was a pen name used by an American writer of short stories. His real name was William Sydney Porter. He was born in North Carolina in 1862. As a young boy he lived an exciting life. He did not go to school for very long, but he managed to teach himself everything he needed to know. When he was about 20 years old, O. Henry went to Texas, where he tried different jobs. He first worked on a newspaper, and then had a job in a bank, when some money went missing from the bank O. Henry was believed to have stolen it. Because of that, he was sent to prison. During the three years in prison, he learned to write short stories. After he got out of prison, he went to New York and continued writing. He wrote mostly about New York and the life of the poor there. People liked his stories, because simple as the tales were, they would finish with a sudden change at the end, to the reader‟s surprise.key words练习2.When we see well, we do not think about our eyes very often. It is only when we cannot see perfectly that we realize how important our eyes are.People who are near-sighted can only see things that are very close to their eyes. Everything else seems blurry. Many people who do a lot of work, such as writing, reading and sewing become near—sighted. Then people who are far-sighted suffer from just the opposite problem. They can see things that are far away, but they have difficulty in reading a book unless they hold it at arm‟s length. If they want to do much reading, they must get glasses, too.Other people do not see clearly because their eyes are not exactly the right shape. They have what is called astigmatism (散光). This, too, can be corrected by glasses. Some people‟s eyes become cloudy because of cataracts (白内障). Long ago these people often became blind. Now, however, it is possible to operate on the cataracts and remove them.Having two good eyes is important for judging distances. Each eye sees things from a slightly different angle (角度). To prove this to yourself, look at an object out of one eye; then look at the same object out of your other eye. You will find the object‟s relation to the background and other things around it has changed. The difference between these two different eye views helps us to judge how far away an object is. People who have only one eye cannot judge distance as people with two eyes.One day an ant was drinking at a small stream and fell in. She made desperate efforts to reach the side, but made no progress at all. The poor ant almost exhausted was still bravely doing her best when a dove(鸽子) saw her. Moved with pity, the bird threw her a blade of grass, which supported her like a raft, and thus the ant reached the bank again. While she was resting and drying herself in the grass, she heard a man come near. He was walking along barefooted with a gun in his hand. As soon as he saw the dove, he wished to kill it. He would certainly have done so, but the ant bit him in the foot just as he raised his gun to fire. He stopped to see what had bit him, and the dove immediately flew away. It was an animal much weaker and smaller than herself that had saved her life.key words:____________________________________4.main ideaMoscow, Russia (Space news)—“The computer is a better chess player,” insisted Viktor Prozorov, the loser. “It seemed as if it were laughing after every good move. I know I should have beaten it for the sake of mankind (为人类着想), but I just couldn‟t win,” he announced and shook his head sadly.Prozorov‟s disappointment was shared by several grand masters who were present, some of whom were so upset that they shouted at the machine. Many chess players said that this meant the end of chess championships (锦标赛) around the world, since the fun had been taken out of the game.The computer walked—or rather, rolled—away with 5,000 dollars in prize money and limited its remarks to a set of noises and lights.1. Which of the following best gives the main idea of this newspaper article?A. 5,000 dollars goes to a computer !B. New invention, a laughing computer !C. World‟s best chess player beaten!D. Computer defeats man in chess !5. （1）On the evening of June 21, 1992, a tall man with brown hair and blue eyes entered the beautiful hall of the Bell Tower Hote l in Xi‟an with his bicycle. The hotel workers received him and telephoned the manager, for they had never seen a bicycle in thehotel ball before though they lived in “the kingdom of bicycles.”Robert Friedlander, an American, arrived in Xi‟an on his bicycle trip across Asia which started last December in New Delhi, India.When he was 11, he read the book Marco Polo and made up his mind to visit the Silk Road. Now, after 44 years , he was on the Silk Road in Xi‟an and his early dreams were coming true.Robert Friedlander‟s next destinations (目的地) were Lanzhou, Dunhuang, Urumqi, etc. He will complete his trip in Pakistan.1. The best headline(标题) for this newspaper article would be .A. The Kingdom of BicyclesB. A Beautiful Hotel in Xi‟anC. Marco Polo and the Silk RoadD. An American Achieving His Aims5（2）We are used to the idea of aging in ourselves. We are so used to this that it comes as a surprise to find that there may be some animals that do not age. Sea anemones(海葵) are an example. Some have been kept for nearly a century without showing any signs of lifelessness. Some kinds of sea worms can even “grow backwards.” If kept in the dark and given nothing to eat, they get steadily smaller, They finally end as a ball of cells(细胞) looking rather like the egg from which they came. Under good conditions the ball will turn back to a worm and start growing again. One could probably keep them growing and un-growing again and again.1. Some sea worms grow smaller when they ______.A. lose weightB. live in the darknessC. are under good conditionsD. don‟t eat and are kept in the dark2. According to the passage, some sea animals ________.A. will die when they become a ball of cellsB. do not grow oldC. will die without foodD. will stop growing any time they want3. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A. We can keep certain kind of sea worm growing and un-growing again and again.B. Human beings will grow old and die.C. An anemone is a kind of sea worm that can grow backwards.D. Some anemones will live nearly a hundred years.4. The underlined word aging in the first sentence means ______.A. growing oldB. the age of a personC. getting youngerD. un -growing5. This passage is mainly about ______.A. sea animalsB. cellsC. agingD. anemones6.A young man from a village called Nawalapitiya married a young woman from Maliyuwa, a nearby village. They lived with the man‟s big family—his parents his brothers, their wives and children. They family kept an elephant, in which the young woman soon took a great interest. Every day she fed it with fruit and sugar.Three months later the woman went back to her parents‟ home, having quarrelled with her husband. Soon the elephant refused to eat and work. It appeared to be ill and heart—broken. One morning after several weeks the animal disappeared from the house.It went to the woman‟s home. On seeing her, the elephant waved its trunk and touched her with it. The young woman was so moved (感动) by the act of the animal that she returned to her husband‟s home.1. The writer wrote the story in order to .A. show that elephants are very cleverB. tell how a woman trained a wild animalC. show that women care more for animals than men doD. tell how an animal reunited a husband and wife2. The woman left her new home .A. to visit her own parents in MaliyuwaB. to see if the elephant would follow herC. because she was angry with her husbandD. because she was tired of the large family3. After the young woman left her husband‟s home, the elephant .A. returned to the forestB. was sad because it missed herC. went to look for a new homeD. was sick because nobody fed it4. The young wife went back to her husband because .A. she knew he had sent the animal to herB. the elephant had come to look for herC. her parents persuaded her toD. she missed her new home7.In today‟s age of fast travel, the world seems a smaller place---- and to some people, a less exciting place. Fifty years ago only a few English people had holidays abroad. People who didn‟t travel thought of other countries as very far away and different. For example, people thought the French all eat garlic(大蒜), the Italians all eat spaghetti(细条实心面). and the Americans all drink Coca Cola. These definite(明确的) ideas of other nationalities are called stereotypes(陈规老套) . But do we have the same stereotypes today? People travel more, we all watch the same TV programmes, and ideas travel quickly too. Nowadays everyone eats garlic and spaghetti and drinks Coca Cola. Everyone listens to the same music. wears the same fashions(流行式样) , buys the same cars. They just do it in a different language!1. Now the world seems to be____________ exciting.A. bigger and moreB. smaller and moreC. smaller and lessD. bigger and less2. Fifty years ago, ___________English people travelled abroad.A. manyB. fewC. only someD. a few3. People thought of other countries as ____________ .A. near and differentB. near and the sameC. remote（遥远的）and very differentD. remote and the same4. Nowadays, people‟s ideas of other nationalities_____________ .A. have changedB. are the sameC. are differentD. are almost the same5. We don‟t have the same stereotypes because people _______.A. travel moreB. watch the same TV programmesC. watch different TV programmesD. travel more and watch the same TV programmes6. The best title for this passage would be .A. A Big WorldB. A Small WorldC. An Exciting WorldD. An Interesting World8.The home computer industry has been growing rapidly in the United States for the last ten years. Computers used to be large, expensive machines that were very difficult to use. But scientists and technicians have been making them smaller and cheaper whileat the same time they have been made easier to use. As a result, their popularity has been increasing as more people have been buying computers for their homes and businesses. Computers have been designed to store information and solve problems that are difficult for human beings to work out. Some have voices that speak with the operators. Stores use computers to keep records of their inventories(库存货物) and to send bills to their customers(顾客) . Offices use computers to copy letters, record business and keep in touch with other offices. People have been using computers in their homes to keep track of the money they spend.One important new use for computers is for entertainment(娱乐). Many new games have been designed to be played on the computers. People of all ages have been playing these games. People also have been buying home computers to play computer games, watch movies and listen to concerts at home. They have become very popular indeed.1. Computers used to _____.A. work rapidlyB. be large and expensiveC. be easy to useD. be used for fun2. In recent years , computers are being made ______.A. larger and more expensiveB. smaller and cheaperC. more difficult to useD. to work more slowly3. Home computers can be used for ______.A. writing lettersB. playing gamesC. doing businessD. all of the above4. Salesmen use computers mainly to ______.A. check the list of goods and materials that are kept in the store houseB. play games for pleasureC. talk with their friendsD. write letters5. The best title for the passage would be _______.A. New Uses For ComputersB. The Popularity of Home ComputersC. The Home Computer IndustryD. Computers At Home9.Last year when Tom graduated from school, he came to Taibei. He didn't like to work on his father's farm and hoped to find a job in a big city. He went from one company to another but no one wanted him. With little money left, he got to the station, sad andtired. All he wanted to do was go back to his small town. It was very late at night and the station was full of people. They were waiting to buy tickets of the last train. He bought the last ticket, and he was very happy.At that time, a woman with a crying baby walked to him and asked him to sell her the ticket. He gave her the ticket because he thought they needed it more than he did. After the train left, he sat on the bench and didn't know where to go. Suddenly, an old man came and said, "Young man, I have seen what you did to the woman. I am the owner of a big company. I need a good young man like you. Would you like to work for me?"1. Tom came to the station to _______.A. find a jobB. take the train homeC. sell the ticketD. take the train to Taibei2. The woman walked to Tom because _______.A. she was Tom's old friendB. her child wanted to talk to TomC. she needed to take the trainD. she had no money to buy a ticket3. Tom didn't take the train because _______.A. he didn't take a train ticketB. he missed the trainC. he wanted to talk to the old manD. he gave his ticket to the woman4. The old man wanted to _______.A. lend Tom some moneyB. give Tom a jobC. say "Thank you " to TomD. sit on the bench with Tom5. What can we learn from this story?A. Many people find job in a train station.B. Don't buy the last ticket of the train.C. If we try our best to help others, others will help us.D. We should not give our ticket to others in a train station.10.Good afternoon, and welcome to England. We hope that your visit here will be a pleasant one. Today, I would like to draw your attention to a few of our laws.The first one is about drinking. Now, you may not buy alcohol (酒) in this country if you are under 18 years of age, nor may your friends buy it for you.Secondly, noise. Enjoy yourselves by all means, but please don‟t make unnecessary noise, particularly at night. We ask you to respect other people who may wish to be quiet.Thirdly crossing the road. Be careful. The traffic moves on the left side of he road in this country. Use pedestrian crossings (人行横道) and do not take any chances when crossing the road.My next point is about litter (throwing away waste material in a public place). It is an offence (违法行为) to drop litter in the street. When you have something to throw away, please put it in your pocket and take it home, or put it in a litter bin.Finally, as regards smoking, it is against the law to buy cigarettes or tobacco (烟草) if you are under 16 years of age.I‟d like to finish by s aying that if you require any sort of help or assistance, you should contact your local police station, who will be pleased to help you.Now, are there any questions?1. The main purpose of this speech would be to ____ .A. prepare people for international travelB. declare the laws of different kindsC. give advice to travellers to the countryD. inform people of the punishment for breaking laws2. How many laws are there discussed in the speech?A. Three.B. Four.C. Five.D. Six3. From the speech we learn that ____A. In this country, if you are under 18 years of age, you may not buy alcohol, but yourfriend can buy it for you.B. You may not buy cigarettes or tobacco unless you are above 16 years of age.C. Because the traffic moves on the left side of he road ,you must use pedestrian crossingswhen crossing the road.D. You can‟t make noise except at night.4. The underlined word contact in the seventh paragraph means ____ .A. keep in touch withB. get in touch withC. joinD. report11.The year was 1932. Amelia Earhart was flying alone from North America to England in a small single-engined aeroplane. At midnight, several hours after she had left Newfoundland, she ran into bad weather. To make things worse, her altimeter (高度表) failed and she didn‟t know how high she was flying. At night, and in a storm, a pilot isin great difficulty without an altimeter. At times, her plane nearly plunged (冲) into the sea.Just before dawn, there was further trouble. Amelia noticed flames (火焰) coming from the engine. Would she be able to reach land? There was nothing to do except to keep going and to hope.In the end, Amelia Earhart did reach Ireland, and for the courage she had shown, she was warmly welcomed in England and Europe. When she returned to the United States, she was honored by President Hoover at a special dinner in the White House. From that time on, Amelia Earhart was famous.What was so important about her flight? Amelia Earhart was the first woman to fly the Atlantic Ocean alone, and she had set a record of fourteen hours and fifty—six minutes.In the years that followed, Amelia Earhart made several flights across the United States, and on each occasion (时刻) she set a new record for flying time. Amelia Earhart made these flights to show that women had a place in aviation (航空) and that air travel was useful.5. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Amelia Earhart—First Across the Atlantic.B. Amelia Earhart—Pioneer in Women‟s Aviation.C. A New Record for Flying Time.D. A Dangerous Flight from North America to England.12.A nobleman and a merchant once met in an inn. For their lunch they both ordered soup. When it was brought, the nobleman took a spoonful, but the soup was so hot that he burned his mouth and tears came to his eyes, The merchant asked him why he was weeping. The nobleman was ashamed to admit (承认) that he had burned his mouth and answered, “Sir, I once had a brother who committed a great crime (犯罪), for which he was hanged. I was thinking of his death, and that made me weep.” The merchant believed this story and began to eat his soup. He too burned his mouth, so that he had tears in his eyes. The nobleman noticed it a nd asked the merchant, “Sir, why do you weep?” The merchant, who now saw that the nobleman had deceived (欺骗) him, answered, “My lord(=master), I am weeping because you were not hanged together with your brother.”1. This story teaches us ______.A. not to eat in innsB. not to eat soup that is too hotC.to cry when we burn our mouthD. not to believe everything you hear2. The nobleman did not tell the truth because he ______.A. was a nobleman felt ashamed C. was in an inn D. was angry3. The nobleman should have ______.A. smiled with joyB. shouted with laughterC. told the truthD. scolded the waiter4. It is probable that the nobleman ______.A. had no brother who was hangedB. had a very good brotherC. knew the soup was too hotD. had never eaten soup5. The merchant‟s answer showed that be ______.A. was very happyB. believed the noblemanC. was angry with the noblemanD. had kind heart13.When I lived in Spain, some Spanish friends of mine decided to visit England by car. Before they left, they asked me for advice about how to find accommodation (住所). I suggested that they should stay at …bed and breakfast‟ hou ses, because this kind of accommodation gives a foreign visitor a good chance to speak English with the family. My friends listened to my advice, but they came back with some funny stories.“We didn‟t stay at bed and breakfast houses,” they said, “beca use we found that most families were away on holiday.”I thought this was strange. Finally I understood what had happened. My friends spoke little English, and they thought …V ACANCIES‟ meant …holidays‟, because the Spanish word for …holidays” is …vacaciones‟. So they did not go to house where the sign outside said …V ACANCLES‟, which in English means there are free rooms. Then my friends went to house where the sign said …NO V ACANCLES‟, because they thought this meant the people who owned the house were not away on holiday. But they found that these houses were all full. As a result, they stayed at hotels!We laughed about this and about mistakes my friends made in reading other signs. In Spanish, the word …DIVERSION‟ means fun. In English, it means t hat workmen are repairing the road, and that you must take a different road. When my friends saw the word …DIVERSION‟ on a road sign, they thought they were going to have fun. Instead, the road ended in a large hold.English people have problems too when they learn foreign languages. Once inParis. when someone offered me some more coffee, I said …Thank you‟ in French. I meant that I would like some more,。
key words unit 1
Unit1Part A (1)•Post-secondary study（高等）教育•Adjust sth/to sth （使）适应It is difficult to adjust one's habits to someone else.他很难使自己的习惯适于他人。
•Be aware of 意识到I am acutely aware of the difficulties we face.我十分清楚我们面临的困难。
•Be better prepared for sth 为某事做好准备In the longer term, Americans must be better prepared to succeed inthe global,high-tech economy.长远看来，美国人要在全球化和高新科技经济体里成功必须要做好充足准备。
•Be expected to有望做某事Scientists, of course, can be expected to be impartial and disinterested.当然，人们会认为科学家们理所当然是公正客观的。
•Monitor [ 'mɔnitə ] 监督vt.Officials were not allowed to monitor the voting.以前不允许官员监督投票。
•Instructor [ in'strʌktə ] 讲师n.The college jumped him from instructor to full professor.学院突然把他从讲师越级提升为正教授。
•Contact [ 'kɔntækt ] 联系n.We have good contacts with the local community.我们与当地社区关系甚好。
•Feedback [ 'fi:dbæk ] 反馈n.We need more feedback from the consumer in order to improve our goods.我们需要从消费者那里多得到些反馈信息以提高产品质量.•Group project 小组习作•Be critical to 对…至关重要Performance evaluation is critical to human resource management.绩效考评对人力资源管理很重要.•Be based on 以…为基础The movie is based on a real-life incident.这部电影以现实生活中的一件事为基础。
key words
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装运港船上交货（FREE ON d port of shipment,缩写FOB）装运港船上交货是一种传统的常用的国际贸 易术语，在采用这一贸易术语时，卖方需在合同规定的装货港和在规定的时间，将货物交到买方指定的船上，以履 行其交货义务。买卖双方所承担的有关货物的费用和风险均以船舷为界，及货物在装运港装船越过船舷以前的风险 和费用由卖方承担，越过船舷以后转移于买方，由买方承担。 装运港船上交货条件，要求卖方负责出口结关手续，包括申领出口许可证，报关及交纳出口关税等。 成本加运费（CFR），成本加保险费与运费（CIF）卖方需负责签订将货物运输到目的地的运输合同，并支付运 费，但货物风险都是在出口国的交货地点由卖方转移于买方，货物在运输途中的风险均由买方承担，因此，均属于 装运合同（SHIPPMENT CONTRACT）而不属于到货合同（ARRIVAL CONTRACT）。C 组术语和F 组术语均属于装运合同， 成本加运费（COST AND d port of destination,缩写CFR），成本加运费术语原来的缩写为C&F，它 是一种传统的、常用的国际贸易术语，采用这一贸易术语时，卖方需负责订立运输合同，按买卖合同的时间，按买 卖合同规定的时间在装运港将货物装运到船上并支付将货物运到目的地的运费，但货物的风险在转货港越过船舷后 所发生的灭失或损坏的风险以及因发生意外事件而引起的一切额外费用应由买方承担。这一点与船上交货（FOB） 术语是不同的。 成本保险费加运费（COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHT NAMED PORT OF DESTINATION，缩写CIF）“成本保险费加 运费”是一种传统的常用的国际贸易术语，在采用这一贸易术语时，卖方除承担与“成本加运费”（CFR）相同的义 务外，还应负责输货物运输保险并支付保险费，但卖方的义务仅限于投保最低的保险险别，即平安险，至于货物的 风险则与“成本加运费”（CFR）和船上交货（FOB）条件是一样的，都是在装运港船越过船舷时由卖方移转于买方。
Key words in Unit 1
Key words in Unit 1-Text A(1) personal1. I’d like to speak to Mr. Davis about a personal matter.2. Please make sure that you take all personal belongings with you when you leave the train. collocations:personal history 履历; personal information 私人的信息(2) claim1. She claimed that the ring was stolen, not lost.2. The singer has denied the magazine’s claim that she is leaving the band.collocations:make a claim 声称deny a claim 否认…说法(3) qualified1. She’s extremely well qualified for the job.2. He is still young and not qualified to vote.collocations:a fully qualified teacher 一名完全合格的教师be qualified as a nurse 具有护士资格(4) efficiently1. To get this task done in time we really need to work very efficiently.2. It was a very efficiently organized event.collocations:be efficient in reducing waste 在减少浪费方面有办法fairly /extremely efficient 效率极高(5) individual1. The competition is open to both teams and individuals.2. Do social pressures make it hard for us to become individuals?collocations:outstanding individual 杰出的人powerful individual 有权有势的人independent individual 独立个体vary from individual to individual 因人而异(6) assume1. I didn’t see your car, so I assumed you’d gone out.2. We must assume him to be innocent until he is proved guilty.(7) precise1. He caught me at the precise moment that I fainted.2. “She’s a lot older than you, isn’t she?” “Fifteen years, to be precise.”Collocations:be very precise about number 对数字很准确at the precise moment 就在…的时候(8) equivalent1. Ten thousand people die of the disease every year —that’s the equivalent of the population of this town.2. Is there a French word that is the exact equivalent of the English word “home”? Collocations:a modern equivalent of the village inn 乡村旅馆的现代版a direct equivalent in the English language 英语中的对应词语(9) means1. Is there any means of contacting him?2. Please use whatever means you can to persuade him.3. His money wasn’t earned by honest means.collocations:fair means 正当的手段an effective means 有效的方法by no means 决不a means to an end 达到目的的手段(10) relevant1. What experience do you have that is relevant to this position?2. The point is highly relevant to this discussion.。
Key words(1)
Key words （1）annual revenues 年收入accounting systems 会计系统transaction 交易、业务financial reports/statements 财务报告/财务报表generate financial reports 编制财务报告decision makers 决策者economic information/events 经济信息/经济事项external decision makers 外部决策者internal decision makers 内部决策者stockholder/shareholder 股东investor 投资者supplier 供应商lender/loaner 债权人、借款人financial accounting 财务会计management accounting 管理会计accounting/accountant 会计（学科）/会计（人）a given day/period 指定日期/指定期间financial picture/status 财务状况accumulative total 累计数operation/operating performances 经营业绩annual report 年报current and potential investors 当前和潜在的投资者listed firm/company 上市公司stock exchange 证券交易所balance sheet 资产负债表income statement 利润表statement of cash flows 现金流量表note payable 应付票据take out loans 贷款、借贷、借款residual interest 剩余权益net asset净资产merchandise inventory 库存商品transaction analysis 交易分析purchase on credit 赊购compound entry复合会计分录marketable securities 有价证券accounts receivable 应收账款issued at par 平价发行。
Key words and expressions (Unit 1-7)
Key words and expressions (Unit 1)1.一个讲故事的俱乐部a story telling club2.擅长于be good at sth./doing sth.3.不擅长于be poor at4.告诉某人某事tell sb. sth / tell sth to sb5.与某人谈论关于…… talk to/with sb about sth6.说英语speak English7.和某人说某事say sth to sb8.听起来真糟糕sounds terrible9.展示某人某物show sb. sth. / show sth. to sb.10.帮助某人某事help sb. with sth.11.帮助某人渡过难关help sb. out12.相处得好/ 善于应付be good with13.对……有好处b e good for14.对……很好/亲be good to15.买,支付pay for sth/ afford sth16.辨析little, a little, few, a few17.辨析others, other, the other, the others18.在周末on the weekend =on weekends =at the weekend =atweekends =over the weekend19.说英语的国家English-speaking countries20.需要某人去做某事need sb. to do sth.21.教某人某事teach sb. to do sth.22.E g: 请不要教他打游戏。
Please don't teach him to play thegames.[书面表达]忙碌的初中生活使我们的课余生活越来越单一，所以学校打算开展“after-class clubs”。
社团活动可以让我们广交朋友，锻炼身体，增加见识。
6B KEY WORDS 1-6
Module 1 City life Unit 1 Great cities in AsiaKey Phases:1. Asia 亚洲n. →Asian(s) 亚洲人n.2. China 中国Chinese 中国人；汉语；中国人的Beijing 北京Japan 日本 Japanese 日本人；日语；日本人的Tokyo 东京Thailand 泰国Thai(s) 泰国人；泰语；泰国人的Bangkok 曼谷3. the capital of a country(一个国家)的首都4. north 北＋east 东→north﹣east 东北south 南＋east 东→ south﹣east 东南north 北＋west 西→north﹣west 西北south 南＋west 西→south﹣west 西南5. love/ like/ enjoy doing sth. 喜爱做某事love eating sushi 爱吃寿司like visiting these palaces 喜爱参观这些地方enjoy eating dumplings/ spicy food 喜爱吃饺子/ 辛辣食品6. find museums, palaces and parks 发现博物馆、宫殿和公园7. more than= over 超过，多于more than 15 million people 一千五百多万人8. many tourists 许多游客9. huge department stores 大型的百货商店10. famous = well known 著名的a. famous hotel 著名的酒店11. many temples and beaches 许多寺庙和海滩12. enjoy swimming in the sea at these beautiful beaches 喜欢在美丽的海滩上游泳13. read some information about these three cities 阅读有关这三个城市的信息（information 信息（不可数名词）n. ）14. see a lot of tall buildings 看见许多高高的建筑15. half an hour 半小时16. two and a half days / two days and a half 两天半17. in the past 在过去18. travel to other places 去别的地方旅行19. distance 距离n.Key Patterns:1. Which city is the capital of_______ ? 哪个城市是… … 的首都？2. It’s(方向) of Shanghai. 它在上海的……向。
key words and expressions of Unit 1
Key Words and Expressions of Unit 1Lesson 1Listening●get acquainted with 结识某人，认识某人get reacquainted with 重新认识acquaintance 熟人a nodding acquaintance 点头之交●someone be familiar with sth./ someone 熟悉sth./ someone be familiar to someone 对某人来说…很熟悉familiarize someone with sth. vt.使熟悉…●coincidence巧合coincident: adj. 相同的coincident birth times一致的，相似的Their aims are coincident with ours.●once-in-a-lifetime 一生只有一次的an once-in-a-lifetime opportunity 千载难逢的机会●by any chance 恰好，碰巧(问句) Do you by any chance know Mr. Green?●drive someone crazy 让人发疯The mistakes in my composition drive me crazy.●contest: n. 竞赛，比赛vt.争夺，参加比赛contest the elections 参加竞选contestant 参赛者●deliberate: adj.从容的；深思熟虑的；故意的 a deliberate manner/ decision ●disrespectful不敬的，无礼的●literally照字面的，逐字逐句的It is impossible to always translate Englishwords into Chinese literally.literal meaning 字面意思literate 会读会写的illiterate 文盲的，不识字的literacy读写能力/ illiteracy 文盲，不会读写literature 文学literary文学的，书面的●obscene下流的，猥亵的●thumb 拇指index finger/forefinger食指; middle finger中指; ring finger无名指;little finger 小指toe脚趾Text A●body talk/ body language 身体语言gesture 手势facial expression 面部表情non-verbal 非语言的，非口头的verbal口头的，语言的●appropriate合适的，恰当的inappropriate不恰当的proper/ improper● a firm handshake 坚定有力的握手a light handshakefirm: adj. 坚定的，有力的n. 公司●misinterpret: vt. 误解，曲解misunderstandmisinterpretation/ misunderstanding: n. 误会，误解interpret: vt. 解释；理解；口译interpreter口译员●get off on the wrong foot: 起步糟糕，开头不顺Getting off on the wrong foot does not necessarily mean a total failure.●worthless/ valueless 没有价值的valuable有价值的invaluable/ priceless 无价的，非常珍贵的be worth sth/ doing sth.值…/值得… (prep)A piece of land worth 50,000 pounds.It is worth waiting/ a try.worthwhile: 值得花时间、精力的A worthwhile charity to contribute to.We had a long wait, but is was worthwhile because we got the tickets.worthy: 值得尊敬的，值得重视的[A]; 值得…的，配得上…的(of/ to do)a worthy opponentworthy of admiration/ worthy to be remembered.blameworthy应受责备的/ trustworthy/ praiseworthy●sensitive: adj. 敏感的(to sth.) sensitive to criticism/ to the changes intemperaturesensible明智的，理智的a sensible man/ decisionsense: n. 感觉；理智，理性make sense说的通，有意义common sense 常识nonsense: n. 胡说，废话，愚蠢senseless: adj. 无意义的；没有知觉的Text B●involve: vt. 牵涉，涉及，包含be involved in 被卷入，被牵连；参加involvement in: n. 介入，参加●agreeable: adj. 令人愉快的，怡人的；和蔼可亲的the agreeable weather; anagreeable old man; an agreeable solutiondisagreeable 不愉快的，讨厌的；难相处的●value: vt. 看重，重视●response: n. to sth./ someone回答，回应，反应respond to sth.: v. 回应，回答，相应react to/ reply to●interrupt: vi./ vt. 打断，打扰，插嘴Don’t interrupt (me), children; it’s rude.The calm afternoon was interrupted by a loud bang.interruption: n. several annoying interruptions●participation: n. 参加，参与(in sth.)participate in sth.: v. 参加take part in●lecture: n. 讲座，演讲；教训，训斥，告诫give lectures on Chinese art.give the children a lecture on the importance of punctuality.vi./ vt. Lecture on/ about medieval medicine.Will you stop lecturing me?●indicate: vt. 指出，暗示The study indicates a strong connection between poverty and crime.Research indicates that over 81% of workers are dissatisfied with their salary.indication: n. 迹象，暗示Indications of bad weatherindicator: n. 指示物economic indicatorsLesson 2Listeningdim sum点心（不可数）aquarium 水族馆dolphin 海豚seal海豹sea lion海狮sea ox海象suspension bridge吊桥●downtown: n. 市中心adv. 在市中心CBD: central business district 中心商务区●on a business trip to Boston出差去波士顿archipelago 群岛peninsula 半岛●populous 人口众多的，人口稠密的densely populated 人口稠密的sparsely populated人口稀疏的●motto座右铭，箴言●numerous许多的，很多的linguistic语言的，语言学的●ethnic民族的，种族的ethnic minorities 少数民族，少数族裔●superior: adj. (to sth.) 优秀的，优于…的inferior (to sth.)差的，下等的，不如…的●chewing gum口香糖●go into detail详细描述describe sth. in detailText C●tolerance: n. 容忍，宽容；忍受能力intolerance 不宽容Many old people have a very limited tolerance to/of coldness.tolerate: vt. 容忍，忍受stand/ bear/ forbear/ endure/ put up withtolerant: adj. 宽容的，容忍的(of/ to) intolerant 不宽容的tolerable/ bearable 可以忍受的，可以容忍的intolerable/ unbearable 无法忍受的●evil: n. 罪恶，恶行，邪恶adj. 邪恶的，罪恶的a necessary evil 必要的恶性（令人讨厌、有害却又无法避免的东西）●be elevated to n. 被提高到，被誉为Hardworking has been elevated to the virtue of our nation.elevator电梯escalator 自动扶梯●virtue: n. 美德，德行virtuous 善良的，有道德的，高尚的●generosity: n. 慷慨大方，宽宏大量generous: adj. 慷慨大方的，宽宏大量的generous with moneymean/stingy小气的，吝啬的meanness/ stinginess小气，吝啬●debate: n. 辩论，争论(on/ about sth.)vt. debate a topic with someone争辩，辩论a radio phone-in 电台听众来电节目●immigration: n. 移民入境(行为)，移居emigration 移民处境immigrant移民（人）emigrantimmigrate/ emigrate: vi.migrate: vi. 迁徙，移居(from…to…) migrant workers 流动工人，民工migratory birds候鸟reiterate: vt. 重申，反复申明Let me reiterate the most important points.Lawyers reiterated that there was no direct evidence against Mr. Evans.iterate: vt. 重复，反复●give the game away泄密，露出马脚give… away 泄漏，暴露，出卖●justification n.正当理由，可接受的理由；辩护，解释There is no justification for holding her in jail.He made a speech in justification of his actions.justify 为…辩解、解释；证明…正确Nothing can justify his rudeness.How can you justify spending so much money?I am justified in asking his resignation. 有理由，正当●hypocritical: adj. 伪善的，虚伪的I cannot bear his hypocritical praise.hypocrisy 虚伪，伪善●thoroughly: totally, completely完全地，彻底地a thorough search 彻底搜查●posture: n. 姿态，态度，立场，姿势He tends to adopt a defensive posture towards new ideas.●validity: n. 正确，有效I would question the validity of that statement.The ticket has already been out of validity.His statement has no validity at all.valid: 有效的，正当的invalid无效的，不正当的●disposition: n. (to do)性情，倾向，性格Neither side shows the slightest disposition to compromise. 妥协的倾向●be patient with 有耐心的impatient/ patience/ impatience●be indulgent to sth./ someone 容忍的，迁就的，纵容的Being indulgent to children will spoil them.indulge sb. in sth./doing sth. 使沉迷于，纵容indulge oneself in smoking/ alcohol.indulge in dreams沉湎于bigotry: n. 偏执，固执stubborn: adj.固执的，顽固的●undue: 过分的，不恰当的It would be wise not to give undue importance to his criticism.due: 合适的，恰当的The trial was conducted with due process of law.A formal contract will be sent to you in due course/time. 合适的时候severity: n. 严厉severe 严格的，严重的●lavishly adv.generously 慷慨地；大量地Last year, this city got rainfall lavishly.We should not stick to the wrong idea that our China gets natural resources lavishly.lavish: 过分慷慨的，浪费的，太多的She had been too lavish with salt, so the soup didn’t taste very well.A lavish spender●bestow: vt. 给予，赋予，授予someone be bestowed with sth./ sth. be bestowed on/ upon someone●attribute: n. 特征，特性vt. attribute sth. to sth. 把…归结为/ 归咎于He tends to attribute his success to external causes such as luck.●be critical of 对…不满，对…持批评态度find fault with someone找茬，抱怨，挑剔●accuse someone of sth.控告，指控He was accused of murder.The report accused the company of evading tax.sue someone for sth./ charge someone with sth. 控告，指控●aggressiveness: n. 攻击性，侵略性，进取心aggressive: adj. 挑衅的，攻击性的，有进取心的A successful businessman has to be aggressive.aggressive foreign policiesaggression: n. 进攻，侵犯●incompetent：不称职的，不能胜任的competent胜任的competence: n. 能力I’m only worried about his attitude to the job: his competence is not in question.be qualified to do/ for sth. 合格的，有资格的qualification for sth. 资格，资质，条件pushy: adj. 咄咄逼人的，有进取心的，爱出风头的，有冲劲的●victim: n. 受害者，牺牲品fall victim to sth. 成为…的受害者Thousands of trees have fallen victim to this disease.●abuse: n. 辱骂verbal abuse 口头/言语辱骂滥用drug abuse/ abuse of power虐待child abusevt. 辱骂；滥用；虐待●revenge: n. 报复，复仇He took revenge on his employers by setting fire to the factory.We bombed their cities in revenge for their attacks on ours.v. To revenge a defeat/injustice; revenge oneself on sb.manoeuver: n. 花招，策略，技巧●out of proportion to sth. 与…不成比例in proportion to sth. 与…相称/成比例The rewards you get in this job are in direct proportion to the effort you put in.The porch （门廊）is out of proportion to the rest of the house.proportion: n. 比例the proportion/ percentage of girls in the classthe proportion of girls to boys●offence/ offense: n. 罪过，过错，冒犯Driving while drunk is a serious offence.To give/cause offence to someone.冒犯某人I hope you won’t take offence. 生气，感到冒犯offend: vt. 冒犯；使反感；触怒Cruelty to animals offends many people.offensive: adj. 冒犯的，无礼的；讨厌的offensive smells/ jokes offensive to women●be confident with 相信，对…有信心self-confident自信的●hatred: n. 仇恨，敌意●abolish: vt. 废除，废止；取消abolition: n. 废除，废止abolish/ abolition of death penalty●exclude: vt. 排除，不包括(from)People under 21 are excluded from the club.We cannot entirely exclude the possibility of staff cuts.excluding: prep 不包括There are 30 people in the hotel, excluding the staff.An exclusive interview/ report独家专访/报道reproof: n. 责备，谴责●consistently: adv. 一贯地，一致地consistent: adj. 始终如一的，一贯的，一致的This statement is not consistent with what you said earlier.consistency一致性Your behaviour lacks consistency—you say one thing and do another.●reject: vt. 拒绝，排斥，抵制refuse/ deny/ resist rejection●cruelty: n.残忍cruel 残忍的，残酷的●campaigner: n. 活动者，活动家campaign活动（政治、经济）an election campaign/ an advertising campaign vociferous: adj. 吵闹的，喧嚣的●trouble-making 捣乱的，制造麻烦的trouble-maker肇事者，惹是生非者trouble shooting解决问题trouble shooter解决问题的人●object to sth. 反对I strongly object to being treated like a child/ to his treating me like a child.I wanted to climb the hill, but Bill objected that he was too tired.objection: n. 反对oppose sth./ be opposed to sth. 反对bull-fighting斗牛运动blood sports血腥运动，流血运动●fate/ destiny命运fatal/ deadly致命的，致死的jerk: vt. 猛拉impale: vt. 刺穿The pain is unimaginable to be impaled in the finger tip with a needle.He was impaled with a sword and died.●hook: 钩子be hooked into sth. 被卷入get off the hook 脱身by hook and crook不择手段，不惜一切代价●cold-blooded冷血的；残酷的，无情的Frogs are cold-blooded. a cold-blooded killerwarm-blooded 恒温的；热情的●without foundation 没有根据●opponent: n. 反对者oppose: vt. 反对objector 反对者object反对proponent 支持者propose提倡，建议advocate 支持者/ vt. 提倡，拥护supporter支持者support支持●pursuit: n. 追求；追赶，追捕pursuit of dreams/ pursuit of criminalspursue: vt. 追求；追赶pursue further study求学深造toff: n. 有钱人，上流人士●right-wing右翼的left-wing左翼的●gross: adj. 公然的，赤裸裸的gross violations of human rights公然侵犯人权gross weight毛重，总重net weight净重●masquerade: vi. 伪装，乔装The robbers got into the bank by masquerading as security men.n. 化妆舞会disguise: vt. 乔装She disguised herself as a man so she could fight on the battlefield.n. in disguise 乔装，伪装travel in disguisein the disguise of/ under the cover of 以…为借口，披着…的外衣In many cases, selfish behaviors are in the disguise of love.●compassion: n. 同情，怜悯To show compassion for poor people does not just mean give them money.compassionate 慈悲的，有同情心的sympathy (for同情with赞同)/ sympathize: vt. 同情，怜悯passion for…热情，热爱，激情passionate 热情的，有激情的。
冀教版初三英语课本知识总结
Unit1:stay healthy一、Key words（重点单词）:1.stomach. n.胃，腹部.2.regret. v. 后悔.3.fever. n. 发烧.4.examination. n. 检查，考试.5.pain. n. 疼痛.6.pardon. v＆n.原谅.7.dentist. n.牙医.8.x-ray. n. X光，x射线.9.refuse. v.拒绝.10.toothache. n. 牙痛.11.German. adj. 德国的；n.德国人，德语.12.corn. n.玉米.13.bean. n.豆子.14. A sia. n. 亚洲. Asia n. adj. 亚洲的.A frica. n. 非洲. Africa n. adj. 非洲的.A merica. n. 美洲. America n. adj. 美洲的.E urope. n. 欧洲. Europe an. adj. 欧洲的.15.include. v.包括，包含.16.smoke. n＆v.烟，吸烟.17.harmful. adj. 有害的.18. public. adj . 公共的，大众的.w. n. 法律.20.whenever. conj. 无论何时.21.risk. n. 危险，风险.22.somebody. pron. 有人，某人.23.control. v. 控制，管理，支配.24.telephone. n. 电话.25.hers. pron. 她的（物品）.26.cheer.n＆v.欢呼，喝彩.27.kick. v. 踢.28.pity. n.遗憾.29.sleepy. adj.困倦的，瞌睡的.30.mention. v.提及，写到.二、key phrases（重点短语）:1.regret doing sth:后会做了某事.2.get/have a fever.发烧.3.take an x-ray.照x光片.4.go to the dentist.看牙医.5.have no choice but to do sth.别无选择只能去做某事.6.be rich in. 富含......lions of.数以百万的......8.as a result of. 由于，作为......的结果.9.take a risk to do sth.冒险去做某事.10.get into the habit of...养成......的习惯.11.stay away from.. 远离......12.be unable to do sth. 不能去做某事.13.focus on.集中于，致力于.14.take out.取出，拿出.15.so that.为了，以便.三、Grammar(语法).情态动词的用法情态动词：can/could;may/might;should;must;need.1.情动+V原形.eg: He can play football.2.注意情态动词must 的一般疑问句：eg: ---Must I finish my homework now?---Yes,you must.---No,you needn’t./No,you dont’t have to.备注：must not=mustn’t 禁止.四、Writing（写作）.How to stay healthyAs we all know, health is very important to everybody.But do you know how to stay healthy? Here are some useful tips. First, we should do exercise in our free time.For example, we can go to swim in the summer holiday. Doing exercise makes us healthy and strong. Second, we should eat more vegetables and fruits. Stop eating junk food and drinking cola. Third, we should go to bed early and get upearly. We should have enough sleep, or we will get sleepy in the day time. If we pay attention to these tips , we will have healthier body.I wish everybody has a strong and healthy body.Unit2:great people一、Key words（重点单词）:1.meaning. n. 意思，意义.2.dialogue. n.对话，对白.3.success. n.成功.success ful. adj. 成功的，有成就的.successful ly. adv. 成功地.succeed. v. 取得成功.4.missing. adj.缺少的，丢失的.5.survey. n＆v.调查.6.neighbour. n.邻居.7.solve. v.解决.8.pioneer. n.先锋，先驱.9.introduction. n.介绍，引进.10.leader. n. 领导人，领袖.11.produce.v.生产，出产.12.super. adj. 超级的.13.writer. n. 作者，作家.14.blind. adj .失明的，瞎的.15.deaf. adj.失聪的，聋的.16.illness. n. 疾病.17.ability. n. 能力.18.progress. n.进步，进展.19.remain.v. 仍然是，保持不变.20.decision. n.决定.21.bad---worse---worst . adj.坏的，糟糕的.ernment. n.政府.23.medical. adj.医疗的，医学的.24.anybody. Pron. 任何人.25.chemistry. n.化学.二、key phrases（重点短语）:1.succeed in doing sth.在......取得成功；顺利完成.2.go on doing sth.继续做某事.3.in the field of...在.....领域.4.pass away.去世，逝世.5.since then.自那以后.6.make (a lot of )progress.取得(巨大)进步.7.be well known for=be famous for.因.....而闻名，众所周知.8.make a decision.做一个决定./make decisions.做决定.9.first aid.急救。
Key Words Reading,U1
Key Words and Sentences of Reading, Unit One SIA1.module 模块; the human body 人体; humans; human being2.astonished; astonishing; astonishment; amazement; surprise3.show anger; angry; show happiness; happy; happily4.puzzled; puzzling; puzzlement; excited; exciting; excitement; express; expression5.uninterested; interested; interesting; interest6.skim / scan a passage 浏览一篇文章; passage：a short section from a book 章节；段落; 通道; 走廊; get a general idea (of …); mean doing sth; mean to do sth; meaning n.;get a main idea of …; title; heading; diagram = chart; certain sentences; a certain (= some) sentence; a minute or two; a clue to sth;7.the main topic of the story; topic = subject话题；题目; title; 题目；称号8.give sb advice; advise doing sth; advise sb to do sthBody Language9.read the story in a newspaper; college students; have part-time jobs; full-time jobs; afull-time employee; at a travel agency; agent; sit in the office; officer10.the City School Times 城市校园时报; times ……报; 时代11.look up; look down/downwards; loop up a word in a dictionary; a well-dressed lady;well-known; newly-built; dress well vi; dress sb; one dress oneself = sb be dressed (in …); dress n.; enter; come into …; enter for …; entrance n. 入口，进入; college entrance examination; entrance fee; entry n. China’s first entry into the Olympic Games 12.glance at …; have / take a glance at …; stare at …; gaze at …; glare at …; them both =both of them; walk over to …; greet sb; greeting n. ; cheerfully adv.; cheerful; cheer n.Cheers!干杯!; cheer v. ; go by train to …; go to … by plane13.sigh; sign v.; take some papers over to …; paper 纸，报纸，试卷，论文; the faxmachine; machinery; fax n.; v. fax sth to …; a senior employee; senior adj. younger; be senior to … = be younger than …; junior adj. younger; What’s up (with …)? = What is the matter？What’s happening? ; look happy; happily; happiness14.prefer … to …; prefer doing A to doing B; prefer to do sth; preferred; preference n.municate with sb.; communicate A to B; communicative adj.; communication n.;get a chance to do sth; speak to sb.; more than: 1. over 2. not only; important = of importance16.the expression on one’s face; expression: 1. 表达2. 表情= look (脸色；神色) 3. 短语; express v. express one’s thanks to sb.; whole; the whole country ; wholly adv.;appearance; appear; disappear; communicate things; communicate vt. : pass (ideas;thoughts; feelings); communicate ideas to the group17.give sb a good impression; the first impression of …; rest … on …; have a rest; lookdownwards; look upwards; turn one’s head towards sb18.hold one’s head up; raise one’s head; tell sb to go away; make sb feel welcome; go/ turnto sb for assistance; assistance = help = aid n.; assist v.19.after that; decide to do sth; decision; make a decision; improve one’s body language;improvement n.; make improvements; sit up 坐直；坐起来；熬夜；迟睡; smile at …;with a smile; seem to do sth; minutes later; a few moments later; without hesitation;hesitate v.; do sth without hesitation; not / never do sth without hesitation; give sb a big smilee over; at once = immediately; remark = comment; make /leave a good impression;impress sb with sth; be (deeply) impressed with; remind sb that …; remind sb of sth;remind sb to do sth; birthday; birth; bear; spend one’s fifteenth birthday; on one’s birthdayDifficult sentences:21.It’s the way you communicate. (It’s the way. You communicate in the way.)It’s the way you stand and sit. (It’s the way. You stand and sit in the way.)The way you look at people doesn’t give them a good impression.(The way doesn’t give them a good impression. You look at people in the way.)The way (that) sb does sth; the way in which sb does sth.这是一个定语从句（attributive clause 或relative clause 关系从句）。
翻译key words
产品介绍1. 我们的电热水壶是最新的快速煮沸开水及饮料的家用电器产品，适用于家庭及办公室。
电热水壶electric kettle 家用电器产品household appliance快速煮沸开水及饮料boil water and make hot drinks fast2. 该产品具有热效率高、耗电量少、性能可靠等优点，是您的最佳选择。
热效率高high thermal efficiency, 耗电量少low power consumption 性能可靠reliable performance3. 这跑车很酷，因此深受年轻人的喜爱，而且比其他式样的要轻便很多。
轻便light深受年轻人的喜爱:Meet with a great favor in young people,Enjoy wide/great popularity amongIs appreciated by young users is popular with young people,4. 脱胎漆器无论是形状、样式、颜色、光泽，都那么高雅大方，此外，还轻便耐久。
脱胎漆器Bodiless lacquerwork 形状shape 样式pattern 颜色color 光泽luster高雅大方elegant 轻便耐久light and durable5. 这很容易操作。
你要做的就是轻轻按下这个按钮。
看，开动了。
这很容易操作It is easy handling / to handle. 按下这个按钮push/press the bottom6. 我们的绣花衬衫质量上乘，，在欧洲和美国都很受欢迎，相信在你们国家也会有市场的。
绣花衬衫embroidered shirts 质量上乘fine/superior in quality 款式新颖fashionable in design受欢迎Meet with a great favor/Enjoy wide/great popularity定货-询价-报价-还价7. 由于订单太多，我们最多只能供应100台。
key words
• I want a wife who will have arranged that the children are fed and ready for bed before my guests arrive so that the children do not bother us. • I want a wife who takes care of the needs of my guests so that they feel comfortable, who makes sure that they have an ashtray, that they are passed the hors d'oeuvres, that they helping of the food, that their wine glasses are replenished when necessary, that their coffee is served to them as they like it. • And I want a wife who knows that sometimes I need a night off by myself.
invest
1. 投入（精力、时间等） I've invested a lot of time and effort in this plan. 我已在这计划中投入了大量的时间和精力。 2. 投资 The state has planned to invest two millions in the dam. 国家计划投资两百万元修建这个大坝。 Derivatives: investment n. More and more people have the desire to buy a house as an investment.
英语写作Key words
欣赏大自然的风景ν to appreciate the scenery of natureν欣赏古典文学ν to appreciate the classical literature ν开拓视野νto broaden the horizonν开拓心胸νto broaden the mindν扩大知识面νexpand one’s scope of knowledgeνgrasp good communication skillsν掌握良好的交流技能ν启迪心灵νto enlighten the mindν陶冶品德νto cultivate the characterν培养公德心νto cultivate the public mindednessν cultivate a strong sense of responsibility ν培养了强烈的责任感νundertake the due obligationsν承担责任νpromote social skills and competenceν提高了社会能力和竞争力ν维护健康ν to maintain healthν松散身心ν to relax oneselfν调剂生活νto make life pleasantν提升生活质量νto promote the qualities of lifeν提升生活的水平νto raise the standard of living （比较少）ν增加生活的情趣νto increase the pleasures of lifeν解除紧张和焦虑νto relieve the tension and anxiety both from the society and the schoolworkνlighten the burden ofν减轻了…的负担νfinancial burdenν psychological burdenν经济/心理负担ν较好地驾驭生活νbe a better pilot of one’s lifeν关心社会νto be concerned about the societyν贡献国家ν to contribute oneself to the countryνadapt oneself to the development ofν使自己适应…的发展ν面临困难ν to be confronted with the difficultyν克服困难νto overcome the difficultyν注意卫生ν to emphasize the importance of hygieneν重视：νattach much importance/significance toν对．．．有益νto be beneficial toν对．．．有害ν to be harmful toν采取步骤νto take stepsνto take measuresν有很深的了解ν to have a deep understanding ofν有广泛的知识ν to have a wide range of knowledgeνgive a big push to the development of educationν给予教育极大的推动ν扮演重要角色νto play an important role inν强烈愿望νexpress a strong desire toνAccording to a recent survey, a growing number of people express a strong desire to take another job or spend more time on their job in order to get more money to support their family.ν根据最近的一项调查，越来越多的人表达了想从事另外的工作或加班以赚取更多的钱来补贴家用的强烈愿望。
Key words
2.陈述句转换成一般疑问句,把be动词提到句首
eg:The student is drinking. Is the student drinking?
3.陈述句转换成特殊疑问句,由“疑问词+一般疑问句” 构成
eg:He is working. What is he doing?
n.员工
❖ 5. retailer n.零售商
❖ 6. first- class n.一级的，一等的
❖ 7.all works of life 各行业的，各阶层的
❖ 8.keep in mind 牢记，记在心里
❖ 9.service ['sə:vis]
❖ n. 服务，服侍；服役；仪式
❖ 10.insist vi. 坚持，强调
Brainstorming
Essential expressions:
❖ Keeping in mind the principle of inspiring innovation, we have set up 22 officers across China.
❖ We insist on the principle of “Customer First”
Communicative tasks:
❖ 1.小组成员轮流说出知名的汽车品牌并介绍这些 公司的大致情况。
❖ E.g
❖ Buick
别克
❖ Cadillac
凯迪拉克
❖ Chevrolet
雪佛兰
❖ GMC
吉姆西
❖ GM Daewoo
通用大宇
The present continuous tense
key words of unit 1
Key Words and Expressions for Text Aconduct vt.carry out or direct; go with and guide or lead 进行；实施；经营；处理；陪伴；引导，带领e.g. 1. These studies were conducted by four teams that coordinated their work.2. We are conducting a survey to find out what the customers think of our service.我们在进行一项调查以了解顾客对我们服务的看法。
Collocations:conduct a meeting 主持会议conduct an investigation 进行调查reveal vt.make known sth. that was previously secret or unknown 揭示，透露；使（事实等）显露出来e.g. 1. Details of the murder were revealed by the local newspaper.2. He didn’t want to reveal his real feelings.他不想露出他的真实情感。
Collocations:reveal sth. to sb. 向某人透露某事reveal sb. to be 显示某人是make the most ofget the best advantage from 最大限度利用e.g. 1. Jim studied hard in the training class; he wanted to make the most of his chance to learn.2. The occasion only comes once in five years, and they naturally make the most of it.这个机会五年才有一次，他们当然会充分利用。
key words
key C
impress vt. 使印象深刻
• 常用被动，一般不用于进行时。 • 1 sb. be impressed by /at .... • 对...印象深刻
• eg.他的真诚打动了她。 •
impression n. 印象
• have / leave / make a/an (adj) impression on sb. 给某人留下...印象
• eg. 他的印度之行给他留下了很深刻的印象。
cover
• • • • • • • • 1. The free way was covered with snow. 覆盖 行走(多少路),看完(多少页 2.we covered about 30 miles a day. 书);(不用于被动语态) How many pages have you covered? 3. The school covers 5 square miles. vt. 占地（面积） 4. A reporter was sent to cover the accident immediately. 采访 5. is the money enough to cover the tuition? 钱（足够付） 6. The magazine has a picture of a horse on the cover. 封面 7. Cover me! 掩护
attitude n. 态度
• 常用 attitude to/towards sb./sth. have a good attitude towards sb./sth. 对...有好的态度
key words 1 (2)
Key words 10.22Weight and balance1. take wind for example, tailwind, headwind, shorten/lengthen, increase, takeoff distance and landing distance,2. CG, located within limits, aircrafts can flown safely, outside the limit, affect flight safety, relocate, cargo, fuel, passenger, change of CG , affect stability and control, total lift, incorrect CG, hard to control, seriously affect, flight safety, shifted/moved, forward, increase stall speed, affect takeoff rotation/pitch up, backward, tailstrike, put within limit/ allowable range, correct CG location, ensure, safe and efficient flight, pay close attention to, CG limit.3. Very critical, for aircrafts, affect , performance, increase/ reduce performance/, decrease/ increase, takeoff/landing performance, overloaded/overweight , require, longer takeoff /landing distance, airborne, climb performance, reduced, ceiling , decrease, unstable, hard to fly, safe, operated, within weight limit, in addition, weight, balanced(distributed properly)improper balance of the airplane’s load can result in serious control problem4. Overweight, result in, longer takeoff roll, reduce climb performance, cruising speed, an increase in fuel consumption, an increase in stall speed, an increase in landing rollCG located outside the limits, stability and serious control problem, too forward, too backward, relocate/redistribute, passengers, cargo, fuel , move CG , within the limits2. Preflight preparation:(1) essential, required, preflight beforehand preparation, direct preparation, weather information, aeronautical information, confirm, everything , in order, aircraft , airworthy, suitable , reduce , the possibility of happening of incidents and accidentsCareless , disregard, develop, fatal accident(2) maintenance log, aircraft status, dispatching office to obtain weather information and aeronautical information route weather condition, route information, the weather of landing airport, the runway length, surface condition of the landing airport, as well as the relevant information of the alternate, required papers , current, study the aeronautical map, review flight route, navigation facilities, cockpit inspection, instruments and panels, walk-around inspection weather, NOTAM, known traffic delay, runway, alternate(the length between alternate and the departure airport, ), fuel, takeoff and landing distance.(3)walk-around inspection: Preflight 360 degrees visual check. It is to ensure that overall conditions of the aircraft , the visible components and equipments are safe for the following flight. On walk-around check the pilot will inspect fuel leaks, hydraulic leaks, tire and brakes, navigation lights, engine fan, cowling damage and etc(4) give different crewmembers responsibility, reduce the burden of planning, reduce workload, concentrated on / their own work/ avoid/prevent mistakes , carelessness, unsafe practice, development of personal preference, encounter non-rountine less panicked/scared, promote confidence and precision,(5) foreign pilots: Solve the problem of Chinese airlines/ meet the demands for pilots/ promote cultural exchange/ improve/ English level/quick development of Chinese aviation industry, more routes, more aircrafts, airlines need more pilots. impossible to produce pilots so quickly, takes several years to cultivate an experienced pilots.Challenges for pilots and aviation industry: fierce competition/ more workload/ more demanding/computerized / complicated instrument / higher English level, heavier workload, shortage of pilots,Global financial crisis, rise of fuel price, aircraft, and equipment, lose money/ go bankrupt, more fund, invest/ put into, upgrade technology, pilots training, shortage of experienced pilots, more routes, more aircrafts, great demands, short of experienced pilots, time-consuming, costly / cultivate a qualified captain, demands /exceed/ supply/in the long run/ future global leader for air transport /prosperous/ profitable, competitive,10.23。
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apron ramp 停机坪(注意虽然都是停机坪apron is the area for taxiing
ramp is the area for parking)
stand停机位/bay停机位/gate停机门bridge/jetway廊桥
field/airport/aerodrome 机场
Local airport 本场
maintenance apron 维修坪
cut in and out / intermittent 断断续续
broken/ interrupted 打断了
runway in use/active runway/current runway 使用跑道
runway for international flights 国际航班使用跑道
runway for domestic flights 国内航班使用跑道
departure runway 离场跑道
arrival runway 进场跑道
transition level 过渡高度层（departure: QNH/QFE---QNE arrival: QNE-QNH/QFE)
wind clam/ nil wind 静风
wind variable 风向不定
noise abatement procedure抑噪程序
tornado 龙卷风
hurricane/typhoon/cyclone 飓风
drizzle 毛毛雨
haze霾
gust 阵风
shower 阵雨
mist /slight fog 薄雾
visibility 能见度
snower shower 阵雪sandstorm 沙尘暴windshear 风切边microburst 微爆
clear air turbulence 晴空颠簸moderate turbulence 中度颠簸severe turbulence 严重颠簸altimeter setting 高度表拨正值hectopascal 百帕
millibar毫巴
inches of mercury 英寸汞柱centigrade 摄氏温度Fahrenheit 华氏温度
ceiling 云底高
minus 零下plus零上
octa 1/8云量
clear 无云
few 少云
scattered 疏云
broken多云
overcast 满天云
terminal 候机楼
hangar 机库
rotating/rolling/running （发动机）已经启动
chocks 轮挡
slot time/departure 特定离场时间
threshold 跑道入口
intersection 交叉口
滑慢点前面有飞机注意尾流
Taxi slower there is an aircraft ahead of you/in front of you/before you, caution wake turbulence
hold short of 不要进入---
Holding short traffic in sight.
give way to ---给---让路
Taxi with caution. Taxiway is slippery.
滑行时注意滑行道很滑
Disregard the aircraft before you. It’s on the way to hangar.
别管你前面那辆飞机正滑向机库
Taxi straight ahead 直接向前滑
Taxi beyond the aircraft on the right. 滑过你右边的飞机
UN001，继续向前滑，看到地面指挥报告。
UN001, taxi straight ahead, report marshaller in sight.
UN001，跟着你前方的引导车滑行。
UN001, follow the follow-me car in front of you.
You have taken the wrong direction. Now taxi to the south.
I’m not familiar with the ai rport. Please send me a follow-me car and guide me to the threshold.
You have gone too far. You’ve missed the second left turning.
你滑得太远会错过第二个路口
backtrack from your present position
从现在的位置调头。