北大函授2013春英语1

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2013全国英语卷1(附答案)

2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷I)第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10称钟的时间来回答有关小题如阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What does the man want to do?A.Take photos.B. Buy a camera.C. Help the woman.2.What are the speakers talking about?A. A noisy nightB. Their life in townC.A place of living.3. Where is the man now?A. On his way.B. In a restaurant.C. At home4. What will Celia do?A. Find a player.B. Watch a game.C. Play basketball.5. What day is it when the conversation takes place?A. Saturday.B. Sunday.C. Monday.第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，个小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答6、7题。

6. What is Sara going to do?A. Buy John a gift.B. Give John a surpriseC. Invite John to France.7. What does the man think of Sara’s plan?A. Funny.B. Exciting.C. Strange.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

2013届北大成教英语辅导

题型分布：一、阅读理解2题二、单选题三、改错题四、完形填空1题PartⅠReading Comprehension.阅读理解一（该题五个题目）Passage1Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been apotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptians given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw’s large cat’only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being nuless it is cornered. The search proved ditticult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening. Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Paw prints were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.参考译文：美洲狮是一种体形似猫的大动物，产于美洲。

2013年考研英语一真题及答案

选择题答案：1-5 ABCDB6-10 DAADC11-15 ACBCB15-20 CDDBA21-25 BAADC26-30 BDCAD31-35 BADCC36-40 CCDAB41-45 EFBGC2013年全国研究生入学考试英语一试题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that __1_ the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by _2_ factors. But Dr Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big _3_ was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. _4_, he theorised that a judge _5_ of appearing too soft _6_crime might be more likely to send someone to prison __7_he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To __8__this idea, they turned their attention to the university-admissions process. In theory, the ____9___ of an applicant should not depend on the few others___10____ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was____11____.He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews _12_ by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had _13_ applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale _14_ numerous factors into consideration. The scores were _15_ used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the GMAT, a standardised exam which is _16_out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one _17__ that, then the score for the next applicant would_18_ by an average of 0.075 points. This mightsound small, but to_19_the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been _20__.1. A grants B submits C transmits D dilivers（A）2. A minor B external C crucial D objective（B）3. A issue B vision C picture D moment（C）4. A Above all B On average C In principle D For example（D）5. A fond B fearful C capable D thoughtless（B）6. A in B for C to D on（D）7. A if B until C though D unless（A）8. A. test B.emphasize C.share D.promote（A）9. A.decision B.quality C.status D.success（D）10. A.found B.studied C.chosen D.identified（C）11. A.otherwise B.defensible C.replaceable D.exceptional（A）12. A. inspired B. expressed C. conducted D. secured（C）13. A. assigned B. rated C. matched D. arranged（B）14. A. put B. got C. took D. gave（C）15. A. instead B. then C. ever D. rather（B）16. A. selected B. passed C. marked D. introduced（C）17. A below B after C above D before（D）18. A jump B float C fluctuate D drop（D）19. A achieve B undo C maintain D disregard（B）20. A necessary B possible C promising D helpful（A）Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following fourtexts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would described in Overdressed, Eliazabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so ,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara ,H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that –and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution , of course ,are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing ,like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes – and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment – including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her（B）[A] poor bargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion.[D] lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to（A）[A] combat unnecessary waste.[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to（A）[A] accusation.[B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference.[D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph? （D）[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text? （C）[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. Atter all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, MMicrosoft's chief privacy officer, bloggde:"we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to（B）[A] ease competition among themselves[B] lower their operational costs[C] avoid complaints from consumers[D] provide better online services27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to: （D）[A] online advertisers[B] e-commerce conductors[C] digital information analysis[D] internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default（C）[A] many cut the number of junk ads[B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers[D] goes against human nature29. which of the following is ture according to Paragraph.6? （A）[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of: （D）[A] indulgence[B] understanding[C] appreciaction[D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years . Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence .Perhaps willfully , it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by（B）[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment[B] our faith in science and technology[C] our awareness of potential risks[D] our belief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggest that human being are（A）[A] a sustained species[B] a threaten to the environment[C] the world’s dominant power[D] a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5? （D）[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to（C）[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world[C] draw on our experience from the past[D] curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? （C）[A] Uncertainty about Our Future[B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind[D] Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote,the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona's immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Aministration.But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the federal government and the states.An arizona.United States,the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona's controversial plan to have state and local police enfour federal immigrations law.The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to "establish a uniform Rule of Anturalization" and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial.Arizona had attempted to fashion state police that ran to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy,joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court's liberals,ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun .On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately "occupied the field " and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal's privileged powersHowever,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama tures on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”. The White House argued tha Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government,and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status,it could.It could.It never did so.The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn't want to carry out Congress's immigration wishes,no state should be allowed to do so either.Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they（C）[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.37. On which of the following did the Justices agree,according to Paragraph4? （C）[A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’information.[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law.[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts（D）[A] violated the Constitution.[B] undermined the states’ interests.[C] supported the federal statute.[D] stood in favor of the states.39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement（A）[A] outweighs that held by the states.[B] is dependent on the states’ support.[C] is established by federal statutes.[D] rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph? （B）[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.（10 points）The social sciences are flourishing.As of 2005,there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010,the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security,sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter:there is no radical innovation without creative destruction .Today ,the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates,rather than on topics with external impact.Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____When social scientists do tackle practical issues ,their scope is often local:Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example .And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better.The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists.Thisyear,it was proposed that system be changed:Horizon 2020,a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists.But the intention is not to neglect social science ; rather ,the complete opposite.(45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of socialscientists:one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highlyspecialized journals,and one that is problem-oriented and publishingelsewhere,such as policy briefs.[B] However,the numbers are still small:in 2010,about 1,600 of the100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of theseKeywords.[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior . all require behavioral change and social innovations , as well as technological development . Stemming climate change , for example , is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it withincross-cutting topics of sustainable development .[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.41.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior .all require behavioral change and social innovations , as well as technological development .Stemming climate change , for example , is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.42.[F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it withincross-cutting topics of sustainable development .43.[B] However, the numbers are still small:in 2010,about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.44.[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.45.[C] the idea is to force social scientists to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and thatself-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak os various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the foemer becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doingthey give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life-assuming uncanny representational forms.46. yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges beyond that of decoration and creative expression.然而,令人震惊的是,当人们看到又无家可归者建造的花园照片时,由于风格的多样性,所有这些花园显示了超越了装饰与创造性表现的其它各种各样的基本诉求.47. A sacred place of peace, however, crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelt which is a distinctly animal need.尽管可能有点简陋,但这一神圣和平之地明显象征着人类需求,就好比外壳明显象征着动物需求.48. The gardens of the homeless which are in efffect homeless garden introduce from in to an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such那些无家可归者的花园实际上是"无家可归"的家园,同花园被引入了城市,在那儿,它们之前即不存在也未曾像这样可以被辨识.49 . Mast of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic我们中的大部分人屈服于道德败坏,在某些心理状态下我们通常归咎于道德败坏,直到有一天我们发现自己身处花园,压迫感奇迹般地消失了.50. It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.尽管在某种被解放的意义上,但正是这种含蓄或明显的对大自然的引用认可了使用“花园”一词来描述这些被合成的建筑。

全国2013年1月高等教育自学考试综合英语（一）试题

这篇关于全国2013年1⽉⾼等教育⾃学考试综合英语(⼀)试题，是⽆忧考特地为⼤家整理的，希望对⼤家有所帮助！全国2003年1⽉⾼等教育⾃学考试英语（⼀）试题课程代码：00012 PART ONE I.Vocabulary and Structure（10 points，1 point for each item）从下列各句四个选项中选出⼀个答案，并写在答题纸的相应括号内。

1.The body needs fat to keep it ___________ the cold during the long winter months. [A] between [B] from [C] for [D] out 2.There are several ways ___________ we can cross the river without the help of local villagers. [A] in which [B] across which [C] to which [D] on which 3.You must hurry，___________ you‘ll be late for class. [A] but [B] so [C] or [D] either 4.The smog may be so thick that airports are closed and chains of ________ occur on the highways. [A] conflicts [B] contracts [C] contrasts [D] collisions 5.They finally ________ all hope of finding the missing dog which they liked so much. [A] gave up [B] gave in [C] gave off [D] gave out 6.People who drink a lot ________ those who use drugs are likely to suffer from panic attacks. 7. ________，he is honest and popular with his neighbors. [A] As he is poor [B] Poor as he is [C] As poor he is [D] As is he poor 8.I wasn't at the meeting yesterday to hear ________ other people thought about this problem. [A] which [B] who [C] what [D] that 9.Had he not taken your advice，________. [A] he would make a bad mistake [B] would he have made a bad mistake [C] he would have made a bad mistake [D] he had made a bad mistake 10.Some people are ________ to use proverbs in their everyday conversation because they see them as vehicles of too much used wisdom. [A] responsible [B] reluctant [C] relevant [D] remarkable Ⅱ.Cloze Test（10 points，1 point for each item）下列短⽂中有⼗个空⽩，每个空⽩有四个选项。

13本科-学位英语考试题库-大学英语1卷

北京城市学院学位英语考试题库2013级本科大学英语1卷Section A: Pronunciation and Intonation（每小题0.5分，共5分）Directions:In this section you will hear ten statements. Each statement will be spoken only ONCE. After each statement there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose which of the two words you hear in each statement. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡上作答。

1. A. live B. leave2. A. light B. let3. A. cheers B. chairs4. A. droops B. troops5. A. rich B. ridge6. A. shooting B. shouting7. A. touch B. tough8. A. thing B. thin9. A. tour B. tower10.A. seeds B. seatsSection B: Listening Strategy（每小题1分，共10分）Directions: In this section y ou’ll hear 10 statements. Each statement will be spoken TWICE. After each statement there will be a pause. During the pause, you must fill in the blank with an appropriate word you hear in the statement. Then write your answer on the corresponding part of the Answer Sheet.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡上作答。

2013年考研英语一真题及答案

2013年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishPeople are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate could need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .1. [A]grants [B]submits [C]transmits [D]delivers2. [A]minor [B]objective [C]crucial [D] external3. [A]issue [B]vision [C]picture [D]external4. [A] For example [B] On average [C]In principle [D]Above all5. [A]fond [B]fearful [C]capable [D] thoughtless6. [A] in [B] on [C]to [D] for7. [A] if [B] until [C] though [D] unless8. [A] promote [B] emphasize [C]share [D]test9. [A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success10. [A] chosen [B] studied [C] found [D] identified11. [A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise12. [A] inspired [B] expressed [C] conducted [D] secured13. [A] assigned [B] rated [C] matched [D] arranged14. [A] put [B] got [C] gave [D] took15. [A] instead [B] then [C] ever [D] rather16. [A] selected [B] passed [C] marked [D] introduced17. [A] before [B] after [C] above [D] below18. [A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate19. [A] achieve [B] undo [C] maintain [D] disregard20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpfulText 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, P riestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would be described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so, advances in technology have all owed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that –and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes – and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment – including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A] poor bargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion.[D] lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to[A] combat unnecessary waste.[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation.[B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference.[D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogged: "we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:[A] ease competition among themselves[B] lower their operational costs[C] avoid complaints from consumers[D] provide better online services27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to:[A] online advertisers[B] e-commerce conductors[C] digital information analysis[D] internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default[A] many cut the number of junk ads[B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers[D] goes against human nature29. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:[A] indulgence[B] understanding[C] appreciation[D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no meansuniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organizations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment[B] our faith in science and technology[C] our awareness of potential risks[D] our belief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggest that human being are[A] a sustained species[B] a threaten to the environment[C] the world’s dominant power[D] a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world[C] draw on our experience from the past[D] curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future[B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind[D] Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knock ed out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principle s that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial . Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact wit h law enforcement. That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion of federal executive power”. The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph4?[A] Fede ral officers’ duty to withhold immigrants ‘information.[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law.[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts[A] violated the Constitution.[B] undermined the states’ interests.[C] supported the federal statute.[D] stood in favor of the states.39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement[A] outweighs that held by the states.[B] is dependent on the states’ support.[C] is established by federal statutes.[D] rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Section IV WritingPart A51. Directions:Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college, inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail, Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)参考答案Section I Use of English1. A. grants2. D. external3. C. picture4. A. For example5. B. fearful6. B. on7. A. if8. D. test9. D. success10. A. chosen11. D. otherwise12. C. conducted13. B. rated14. D. took 15. B. then16. C. marked17. A. before18. C. drop19. B. undo20. C. necessarySection II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1 (In the 2006)21. B. insensitivity to fashion22. D. shop for their garment more frequently23. A. accusation24. D. pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing25. C. criticism of the fast-fashion industryText 2 (An old saying)26. B. lower their operational costs27. D. internet browser developers28. C. will not benefit consumers29. A. DNT may not serve its intended purpose30. D. skepticismText 3 (Now utopia)31. B. our faith in science and technology32. A. sustained species33. D. our immediate future is hard to conceive34. C. draw on our experience from the past35. C. the ever-bright prospects of mankindText 4 (On a five to three)36. C. overstepped the authority of federal immigration37. C. states’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement38. D. stood in favor of the states39. A. outweighs that held by the states40. D. The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part B41. E. These issues all have root causes in human behavior...42. F. Despite these factors...43. B. However, the numbers are still small...44. G. During the late 1990s...45. C. The idea is to force social to integrate...Section III Translation46. 然而，看着无家可归者绘制出的花园图片时，人们会突然意识到，尽管这些花园风格多样，它们都显示了人类除了装饰和创造性表达之外的其他各种基本诉求47. 一块神圣的和平之地，不管它有多么粗糙，它都是一种人类本能的需求，和庇护所相反，那只是动物的本能需求。

2013英语一text4答案及解析

2013英语一text4答案及解析1、Let us put the matter to the vote,（）? [单选题] *A. will youB. can weC. may ID. shall we(正确答案)2、I arrived _____ the city _____ 9:00 am _______ April [单选题] *A. at, in, atB. to, on, atC. in, or, atD. in, at, on(正确答案)3、35．___________ good music the teacher is playing! [单选题] * A．What(正确答案)B．HowC．What aD．What the4、Guilin is _______ its beautiful scenery. [单选题] *A. famous for(正确答案)B. interested inC. fond ofD. careful with5、I don’t like snakes, so I ______ read anything about snakes.（）[单选题] *A. alwaysB. usuallyC. oftenD. never(正确答案)6、Kate has a cat _______ Mimi. [单选题] *A. called(正确答案)B. callC. to callD. calling7、A healthy life is generally thought to be（）with fresh air, clean water, and homegrown food. [单选题] *A. joinedB. boundC. lackingD. associated(正确答案)8、_____you may do, you must do it well. [单选题] *A.WhichB.WheneverC.Whatever(正确答案)D.When9、Boys and girls, please _______ your favorite book here and show it to us next class. [单选题] *A. bring(正确答案)B. sellC. buyD. take10、_______ your help, I can’t finish my job. [单选题] *A. withB. without(正确答案)C. inD. into11、75．Why not________ for a walk? [单选题] *A．go out(正确答案)B．to go outC．going outD．goes out12、8．Turn right ________ Danba Road and walk ________ the road, then you will findMeilong Middle school. [单选题] *A．in...alongB．into...along (正确答案)C．in...onD．into...on13、There are about eight ______ students in my school.（）[单选题] *A. hundred(正确答案)B. hundredsC. hundred ofD. hundreds of14、What’s your _______ for the coming new year? [单选题] *A. playB. plantC. plan(正确答案)D. plans15、I took?some _______of the Great Wall?in China last year. [单选题] *A. potatoesB. tomatoesC. photos(正确答案)D. paintings16、He prefers to use the word “strange”to describe the way（）she walks. [单选题] *A. in which(正确答案)B. by whichC. in thatD. by that17、I _______ Zhang Hua in the bookstore last Sunday. [单选题] *A. meetB. meetingC. meetedD. met(正确答案)18、It _____ us a lot of time to do this job. [单选题] *A. spentB. madeC. took(正确答案)D. cost19、For the whole period of two months, there _____ no rain in this area. Now the crops are dead [单选题] *A. isB. wasC. has been(正确答案)D. have been20、The house was completed five months ago. [单选题] *A. 完成(正确答案)B. 复杂C. 开始D. 装着21、The three guests come from different _______. [单选题] *A. countryB. countrysC. countryesD. countries(正确答案)22、Mary _______ a phone call with her mother now. [单选题] *A. will makeB. madeC. is making(正确答案)D. makes23、—______some nice crayons. I think they are ______.（）[单选题] *A. Here is; Betty’sB. Here are; BettyC. Here is; BettyD. Here are; Betty’s(正确答案)24、Jack can speak Japanese, and his brother can _______ speak Japanese. [单选题] *A. tooB. also(正确答案)C. eitherD. as well25、The carbon we produce when we breathe is much less than（）produced by a car. [单选题] *A. oneB. itC. that(正确答案)D. those26、As I know, his salary as a doctor is much higher_____. [单选题] *A. than that of a teacher(正确答案)B. than a teacherC. to that of a teacherD. to a teacher27、There is a bank ______ the street. [单选题] *A. on the end ofB. in the end ofC. at the end of(正确答案)D. by the end of28、We need two ______ and two bags of ______ for the banana milk shake.（）[单选题]*A. banana; yogurtB. banana; yogurtsC. bananas; yogurt(正确答案)D. bananas; yogurts29、--Henry treats his secretary badly.--Yes. He seems to think that she is the _______ important person in the office. [单选题] *A. littleB. least(正确答案)C. lessD. most30、16．We asked ______ engineer we met before to help repair the radio yesterday. [单选题] *A．aB．anC．the(正确答案)D．/。

2013年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题(完整版)及参考答案

2013 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C]or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions.At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with.4 , he theorisedthat a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day. To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohnsuspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were15 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, astandardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 pointsor more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an 61average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate wouldneed 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .1. [A] grants [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers2. [A] minor [B] objective [C] crucial [D] external3. [A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment4. [A] For example [B] On average [C] In principle [D] Above all5. [A] fond [B] fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless6. [A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for7. [A] if [B] until [C] though [D] unless8. [A] promote [B] emphasize [C] share [D] test9. [A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success10. [A] chosen [B]studied [C]found [D] identified11. [A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise12. [A] inspired [B] expressed [C] conducted [D] secured13. [A] assigned [B] rated [C] matched [D] arranged14. [A] put [B] got [C] gave [D] took15. [A] instead [B] then [C] ever [D] rather16. [A] selected [B] passed [C] marked [D] introduced17. [A] before [B] after [C] above [D] below18. [A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate19. [A] achieve [B] undo [C] maintain [D] disregard20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpfulSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or[D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds herunattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep bluecolor of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows t o department stores and to thebargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverishworld described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s thre e-year indictment of “fast fashion.” In the last decade orso, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trendsmore quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, morefrequent releases, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes asdisposable—meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that—and to renew their wardrobeevery few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijackedfashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knitminiskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumesthat strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer t o consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s TheOmnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, andwasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year—about 64 items perperson—and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont,who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes—and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it tookBeaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.62Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line—Cline believes lasting change canonly be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it infood or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t affordnot to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A] poor bargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion.[D] lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to[A] combat unnecessary waste.[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indictment” (Line 2, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation.[B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference.[D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted—the trouble is, no one knows whichhalf. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people searchfor, click on a nd say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or shouldthey have explicit permission?In December 2010 America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a “do not track” (DNT)option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed. Microsoft’sInternet Explorer and Apple’s Safari both offer DNT; Google’s Chrome is due to do so this year. In February theFTC and the Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding toDNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft set off the row. It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear withWindows 8, would have DNT as a default.Advertisers are horrified. Human nature being what it is, most people stick with default settings. Fewswitch DNT on now, but if tracking is off it will stay off. Bob Liodice, the chief executive of the Association ofNational Advertisers, says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about theirpreferences. People will not get fewer ads, he says. “They’ll get less meaningful, less targeted ads.”It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop63tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects tobehavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and presson anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says willcomply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almostwholly on advertising, it has chosen an indirect method: There is no guarantee that DNT by default will becomethe norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for Windows 8—though the firm has comparedsome of its other products favourably with Google’s on that count before. Brendon Lynch,Microsoft’s chiefprivacy officer, blogged: “We believe consumers should have more control.” Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in Paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to[A] ease competition among themselves.[B] lower their operational costs.[C] avoid complaints from consumers.[D] provide better online services.27. “The industry” (Line 5, Para.3) refers to[A] online advertisers.[B] e-commerce conductors.[C] digital information analysts.[D] internet browser developers.28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default[A] may cut the number of junk ads.[B] fails to affect the ad industry.[C] will not benefit consumers.[D] goes against human nature.29. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 6?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose.[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT.[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers.[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads.30. The author’s attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of[A] indulgence.[B] understanding.[C] appreciation.[D] skepticism.Text 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely—though by no means uniformly—glowinglypositive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfilment andopportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us,from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanityhas little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years—so why shouldn’t we? Take a broader look at our species’ place in the universe, and it becomes clear that wehave an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up Homo sapiens inthe “Red List” of threatened species of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and youwill read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing,and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organizations are now thinkingseriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has as its flagship project a mechanical64clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future.The potential evolution of today’s technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it’sperhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage.That’s one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future. But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often,the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the historyof the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendantswill find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To besure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks thatthreatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment.[B] our faith in science and technology.[C] our awareness of potential risks.[D] our belief in equal opportunity.32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggests that human beings are[A] a sustained species.[B] a threat to the environment.[C] the world’s dominant power.[D] a misplaced race.33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problems.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources.[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world.[C] draw on our experience from the past.[D] curb our ambition to reshape history.35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future[B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind[D] Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday—amodest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, thedecision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federalgovernment and the states.In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’scontroversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principlesthat Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization” and that federal lawsprecede state laws are noncontroversial. Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to theexisting federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the stateflew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the Congress had deliberately65“occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers. However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people whocome in contact with law enforcement. That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-stateimmigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate withfederal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justices—Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas—agreed with this Constitutionallogic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection camefrom Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to theAlien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “ashocking assertion of federal executive power”. The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with itsenforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White Houseclaimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the bordersis among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigrationstatus, it could. It never did so. The Administration was in esse nce asserting that because it didn’t want to carryout Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justicerightly rejected thisremarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph 4?[A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’ information.[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law.[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D] Congress’s intervention in im migration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts[A] violated the Constitution.[B] undermined the states’ interests.[C] supported the federal statute.[D] stood in favor of the states.39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement[A] outweighs that held by the states.[B] is dependent on the states’ support.[C] is established by federal statutes.[D] rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen their coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections: In the following text, some segments have been removed. For Questions 41—45, choose the mostsuitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extrachoices, which donot fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientistsfrom all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science66Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource is not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change,security, sustainable development and health. (41) Humanity has the necessaryagro-technological tools to eradicate hunger, from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers. Here, too,the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity. (42) This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise itsinfluence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radicalinnovation without creative destruction.Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, ratherthan on topics with external impact.Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental change” or “climate change”have increased rapidly since 2004. (43)When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in theeffects of poverty on Belgium, for example. And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overallaccumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding. (44) This is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of fundingshould not expect more in today’s economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long hada category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that system be changed: Horizon2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014, would not have such a category. This has resulted in protests fromsocial scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite.(45)That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving globalproblems.[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented andpublishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as inpolicy briefs.[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers publishedglobally included one of these keywords.[C] The idea is to force social scientists to integrate their work with other categories, including health anddemographic change; food security; marine research and the bio-economy; clean, efficient energy; and inclusive,innovative and secure societies.[D] The solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers tobe its main goal.Global challenges and social innovations ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially theyoung ones.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior: all require behavioral change and social innovations,as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changingconsumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy. [F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, someare up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate itwithin cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.[G] During the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of allresearch and development funds—including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate—variedfrom around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Yourtranslation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic human need in the individuals who made them: the need for67creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an irrepressible urge to create, express, fashion,and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge,(46)yet when one looks at thephotographs of thegardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak ofvarious other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges has to do with creating a state of p eace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of theturning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is adistinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much sothat where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardeners, the former becomes all the more urgent.Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) Thegardens of the homeless, which are in effect homeless gardens, introduce form into an urban environment whereit either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of theinarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from, is so intrinsic that we arebarely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)mostof us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until oneday we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homelessgardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seemto represent attempts to call forth the spirit of plant and animal life, if only symbolically, through a clumplikearrangement of materials, an introduction of colors, small pools of water, and a frequent presence of petals orleaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at somebasic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifiesthe use of word garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we cansee biophilia—a yearning for contact with nonhuman life—assuming uncanny representational forms.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college, inviting him/her to be a judge forthe upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160~200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) interpret its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)68答案速查Section I Use of English1. A2.D3. C4. A5. B6. B7.A8. D9. D 10.A11. D 12. C 13. B 14. D 15.B16. C 17. A 18. C 19. B 20.CSection II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1 21. B 22. D 23. A 24. D 25.CText 2 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. A 30.DText 3 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. C 35.CText 4 36. C 37. C 38. D 39. A 40.BPart B41. E 42. F 43. B 44. G 45. CPart C46. 然而，看到那些无家可归的人所创建的花园的照片时，我们不禁会发现这一系列花园尽管风格各异，揭示的却是几种其他的根本需求，不限于美饰与创意表达的范畴。

2013年11月北京学位英语考试真题参考答案(一)

北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试2013.11.2Part I Reading Comprehension (30%)Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:For 20 months the wrecked Costa Concordia has been lying on its side near the coast of Giglio, a small Italian island. But on Tuesday, as part of the largest salvage ( 打捞) operation ever conducted, the large ship was finally moved to the upright position. The next step is for the vessel to be removed from the area entirely.The Costa Concordia is twice the weight of the Titanic. The ship itself didn ' t budge （稍微移动) for the first three hours of the operation, Sergio Girotto told reporters. He and other engineers worked for 19 hours before Concordia was declared completely upright.The Costa Concordia capsized on January 13, 2012, after its captain, Francesco Schettino, brought the ship too close to the shore. The ship hit coastal rocks, which caused serious damage and allowed water to pour in. (76) Most of the 4200 people on board made it to land safely, but more than 30 people were killed in the disaster. Two people remain missing. The Concordia 's captain is currently on trial for causing a shipwreck and abandoning his ship.The operation to right the ship is called parbuckling. While parbuckling is a standard operation to right capsized ships, it has never before been used on such a large ship. (77) Workers had been waiting for favorable weather condition to undertake the operation. On Monday, authorities gave the final go-ahead.The process was expected to take no more than 12 hours. But problems with the large system of steel chains caused delays. Engineers worked through the night using cables and metal water tanks to roll the ship onto special platforms.The Concordia is expected to be pulled away from Giglio in the spring of 2014 and turned into scrap metal (废金属). The ship's owner, Costa Cruises, will pay for the recovery, which has already cost more than $800 million.1. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Ship Safety ManagementB. Shipwrecks: an Environmental ThreatC. The Costa Concordia DisasterD. The Costa Concordia Salvage2. The word " capsized " in the third paragraph is closest in meaning toA. turned overB. delayedC. departedD. set sail3 According to the passage, the Concordia' s captain has been charged with causing the crash and ________.A. drug useB. alcohol abuseC. abandoning his postD. setting fire4. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. The Costa Concordia is three times the weight of the Titanic.B. Engineers in Italy have successfully righted the wrecked Concordia after an operation that lasted around 12 hours.C. The salvage operation went ahead despite bad weather conditions.D. As a common means of righting wrecked ships, parbuckling had never been carried out on a vessel of the Concordia's size.5. What will happen to the Concordia eventually?A. It will be pulled away to be broken up for scrap metal.B. It will be repaired and put into use again.C. It will be turned into a museum for tourists.D. It will be sunk to the ocean floor.Passage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:(78) Would you risk your life for a country that considered you a second class citizen? Would you join a military that asked you to risk sacrificing your life but separated you from other soldiers because of the color of your skin? That is precisely what the Tuskegee Airmen did. They were brave, intelligent, African-American men and women who fought for the United States in World War II.In 1940, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt agreed to allow African Americans to fly airplanes in the military. Before that, African Americans could only serve in the Armed Forces as part of the ground troops. The first African American airmen reported for duty in 1941. They began their training outside of Tuskegee, Alabama. (79) The soldiers were completely separated by race and the two races could not communicate. About 450 African American pilots finished the training. These men were the original Tuskegee Airmen.The Tuskegee Airmen had an amazing record. They did not lose any of the bombers they were escorting (护航). When the war was over in 1945, the Tuskegee Airmen were heroes. But when they returned to America, they were appalled to find out that they were still treated like second-class citizens. They faced the same segregation (种族隔离) and discrimination (歧视) as they had before they began their training.Frederick Henry, one of the original Tuskegee Airmen, lives in Detroit, Michigan. Because he was from the North, he would often forget the segregation rules of the South. Once, Henry was on a bus alone with a white bus driver. Soon, after the two had talked for a while, a wave of other passengers came on the bus. A problem arose when some white passengers were still standing, which was against the rules. Henry was put off the bus, even though he was the first person to board the bus and had paid his fare.One thing did change, however. In 1948, President Harry S. Truman signed an executive order prohibiting segregation in the military. Eventually, the Tuskegee Airmen were officially thanked for their amazing efforts in the war.6. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. American Soldiers in World War IIB. American Civil Rights MovementC. The Tuskegee AirmenD. Racial Discrimination in the U. S.7. What docs the word "appalled " in the third paragraph probably mean?A. Reluctant.B. Pleased.C. Shocked.D. Relieved.8. It can be inferred from the passage that Henry ________.A. refused to give up his seat to a white passengerB. refused to pay his bus fareC. had a fight with the bus driverD. was the last person to board the bus.9. In ________, President Harry S. Truman ordered to end military segregation.A. 1940B. 1941C. 1945D. 194810. According to the passage, which of the following statements about the Tuskegee Airmen is TRUE?A. In World War II, they never lost a bomber to enemy fire.B. They were the first group of black soldiers ever trained by the ground troops.C. They were not subjected to racial discrimination in the army.D. They were already soldiers in the ground troops before their training at Tuskegee began. Passage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:Coffee is a powerful drink. On a personal level, it helps keep us awake and active. (80) On a much general level, it has helped shape our history and continues to shape our culture.Coffee plants grow wild in parts of Africa and were probably used by travelling tribes ( 部落) for thousands of years , but it wasn't until the 1400s that people figured out they could roast its seeds."Then it really took off,"said historian Mark Pendergrast-author of Uncommon Grounds: the History of Coffee and How It Transformed Our World. By the 1500s, the drink had spread to coffeehouses across the Arab world Within another 150 years，it took Europe by storm."It actually had a major impact on the rise of business, " Pendergrast says. Coffeehouses became a spot not just to enjoy a cup but to exchange ideas.The insurance industry was founded hundreds of years ago in one of London's 2,000 coffeehouses. Literature, newspapers and even the works of great composers like Bach and Beethoven were also inspired in coffeehouses.It is often said that after the Boston Tea Party of 1773, when American colonists (殖民者attacked British tea ships and threw large boxes of tea into the harbor, Americans everywhere switched over to drinking coffee."There's a lot of truth to the story, I found," Pendergrast says. He mentions a letter John Adams wrote to his wife, Abigail, in which the Founding Father declares his love of tea but says he will have to learn to accept coffee instead, because drinking tea had become unpatriotic (不爱国的)。

2013年5月北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试真题+答案-推荐下载

北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试2013.05.11Passage 1Is that 6 a.m. workout getting in the way of good sleep? Don’t think your fat cells won’t notice. A new study published in The Annals of Internal Medicine (a medical journal) finds that inadequate shut-eye has a harmful effect on fat cells, reducing their ability to respond to insulin (胰岛素) by about 30 percent. Over the long-term, this decreased response could set the stage for type-2 diabetes (a medical condition in which someone has too much sugar in his or her blood), fatty liver disease and weight gain.The study adds to a growing body of evidence that there’ “an intimate relationship between the amount of sleep we get and our ability to maintain a good, healthy body weight,” says sleep expert Helene Emsellem, director of the Center for Sleep and Wake Disorders in Chevy Chase, Maryland. (76) But Americans don’t seem to be getting the message that we need seven to nine hours par night. More than 1 in 5 of us, according to a report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is getting six or fewer hours of sleep per night, on average.So how did researchers study fat cells in the Annals paper? Matthew Brady of the University of Chicago and a group of colleagues selected and persuaded seven volunteers to take part in the research project. They were all young, thin and healthy and agreed to sleep for eight nights in a sleep lab. “For four nights they were allowed to stay in bed for 8.5 hours a night,” says Brady. Then, a month later, they came back for four additional nights——but this time they were allowed just 4.5 hours of sleep per night. And after each visit, researchers got a sample of their fat. (77) Brady explains that the fat cells responded significantly to the loss of sleep. “I was very surprised to be honest,” he says.Bad things can happen when fat cells become less responsive to insulin. “Fat cells are actually your friend,” he says. “They’re there to store lipids (血脂).” When lipids stay inside the cells, your body can utilize the fat when you’re exercising or sleeping or going about your day. “However, when fat cells stare to become insulin resistant, the lipids star to leach out of the fat cells and rise in the bloodstream,” Brady says.1. According to the passage, lack of sleep for a long while can probably lead to all of the followingEXCEPT_____.A. heart diseaseB. weight gainC. diabetesD. liver disease2. The main idea of the third paragraph is_____A. how to write a medical research paperB. how to avoid sleep lossC. how the research was conductedD. how to conduct a medical experiment3. What does the “leach” in the last paragraph probably mean?A. Leap.B. Lead.C. Lean.D. Leak.4. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. We will be in trouble if our fat cells become less responsive to insulin.B. More and more studies are done to study the lind between sleep and weight.C. More than 20% of Americans are not getting enough sleep.D. Fat cells are there to help us maintain a good health.5. Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage?A. Poor Sleep May Lead to Too Much Stored Fat and DiseaseB. Sleep Experts Had Exciting Findings in a Fat StudyC. Americans Should Have More Than Six Hours of SleepD. Bad Things Happen if Fat Cells Become Our FriendPassage 2The top of the world is a wonderland. In winter, the temperature often falls to -30°F and the sun never rises. The ocean is surrounded by frozen ground. There are few people or trees, but to polar bears, the Arctic(北极)is home.(78) Polar bears have thick fur, big paws and other features that make them well prepared for life in their tough environment. In fact, they need the Arctic sea ice for survival. But climate change is causing larger and larger areas of summer sea ice to melt(融化). Experts say that if warming patterns continue, the Arctic could be free of summer sea ice by 2050. That may cause two-thirds of the world's 20,000 polar bears to be gone by then too.Polar bears can't survive for long on land. Seals are their main source of food. The only place where polar bears can hunt seals is on the ice. (79) Although these bears are strong swimmers, they are no match for lightning swift seals in the water.A polar bear has brilliantly clever strategies to overcome this disadvantage. In winter the bear waits motionless beside a seal's breathing hole, which is a narrow tunnel through the ice. Often many hours pass before the seal comes up for air and the bear kills it with a powerful blow of its paw. In summer, the polar bears that live on land eat very little and wait for the sea ice to return.With the sea ice forming later in the year and melting earlier, polar bears do not have enough opportunity to hunt and eat. Less sea ice makes it harder for the bears to catch the seals. The bears must swim longer distances between ice packs(大片浮冰), and they can't always make it. The ice is also getting thinner. These conditions can cause polar-bear cabs to become separated from their mothers, who provide them with food.Steven Amstrup is the chief scientist of Polar Bears International. The group aims to save the bears and their home. "The more people who see polar bears and understand their difficult situation, the better the chance we'll alter our warming path in time to save them," he says.6. Which is the best title for the passage?A. Climate Change in the ArcticB. How to Protect the EnvironmentC. The Arctic Ts Home to Polar BearsD. Polar Bears in Danger7. Where do polar bears usually hunt seals?A. On landB. In open water.C. In openings in the sea ice.D. At the bottom of the sea.8. The word "cubs" in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to_____A. adultsB. babiesC. huntersD. enemies9. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Starving polar bears are increasingly coming into villages, where they may be killed eitherfor food or safety.B. Polar bears can spend their entire lives on land if the sea ice melts completely.C. Two-thirds of the world's polar bears may disappear by 2050 as global warming continues.D. The growing distance between ice packs is not a problem for polar bears, because they areexcellent swimmers.10. What's the mission of Polar Bears International?A. Saving energy.B. Conducting scientific research.C. Seeking international cooperation.D. Saving polar bears and their home.Passage 3Imagine a school that expected its students to become literate(有读写能力的) without any formal instruction. Most parents would be alarmed by such an approach, which would leave their children confused and with gaps in their understanding. This however has been the philosophy on character development in many of our schools. Why is the development of character seen as somehow different from the other skills that we teach?Of course there will always be learning by osmosis(耳濡目染)in any school, but as a teacher and primary school head I have found that a child's moral literacy is strengthened when they acquire the building blocks of good character such as consideration, courage and honor: qualities which are commonly known as virtue(美德).I personally find that exploring a virtue over a two-week period provides a simple and effective program that allows for the creative input of both teacher and student and a chance for the virtue to embed(使融入)itself. Once a lesson on a virtue such as honesty has been completed we need to allow time for children to practice this concept just as would be the case with fractions or verbs. Allowing children to role play a situation such as making up excuses to cover a mistake can be enormously interesting, and the drama can be frozen allowing the characters to be questioned about their feelings and motives. (80) It's also a safe way for children to experience for themselves how a lie usually goes out of control.Our role as educators is also to look for opportunities to help our students as they attempt to strengthen their characters.When something goes wrong we guide the young person to the virtue that will prevent it from happening again. For instance, when am student thoughtlessly disturbs the calm atmosphere of the library, instead of a response such as, "that was really disrespectful and selfish of you!" we draw out from them the required virtue: "When you're walking through the library, what virtues do you need to use?"11. Which of the following is the main idea of this passage?A. Teaching morals and values has been a frequently discussed topic in the past few years.B. The author and his staff embed virtues into lessons and school life to encourage character development inchildren.C. Kids throughout the population face the same needs, the same challenges, and the same realities in their lives.D. Role plays are an excellent way of getting students to practice their English.12. We can infer from the first paragraph that_.A. there tends to be disagreement about what character education isB. most parents are not satisfied with the teaching methods adopted in schoolsC. the approach to character education is generally considered different from the approaches to other skillsD. more and more schools are adopting strategies to improve school attendance13. The word "philosophy" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to_A. studyB. subjectC. viewpointD. investigation14. The author is a_____A. teacherB. librarianC. reporterD. manage15. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a way to build character in children?A. Story readings and discussions.B. Osmosis.C. Taking every opportunity to teach character.D. Role play.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (30%)16. So much _______ about his ships on the sea that he didn’t sleep for a single minute all night.A. did he worryB. he did worryC. he worriedD. worried be17. His new novel is said ______ into a film last year.A. to makeB. to have madeC. to be madeD. to have been made18. He tried several times to pass the exam. _____ the end, he succeeded.A. OnB. InC. AtD. By19. The report of an earthquake(地震) in the south China Sea has not been _____ yet.A. conflictedB. confusedC. confinedD. confirmed20. The clouds are gathering. We’re better hurry and _____ the department store in case it rains.A. hand inB. face up toC. head forD. back up21. There is only one boat ____ for hire. I’m afraid you have to wait for the next one.A. superiorB. capableC. complicatedD. available22. I think fishing is a nice hobby but needs a good deal of ______.A. relationB. limitationC. strengthD. patience23. Finally we made a ______ that I should cook dinner and she would wash up after.A. tripB. bargainC. faceD. fool24. The old man was found ______ on the floor.A. lying deadB. lying deathC. laying deadD. laying death25. If one ______ a crime, he will be punished.A. makesB. commitsC. performsD. achieves26. If you insist on doing that, please take me into _____.A. thinkB. thinkingC. thoughtD. consideration27. The letters PTA _____ parent-teacher association.A. stand forB. call forC. reach forD. care for28. On _____ side of the street were standing young boys and girls to welcome the President.A. bothB. twoC. eitherD. every29. Hospital doctors don’t go out very often as their work _____ all their time.A. takes awayB. takes inC. takes overD. takes up30. The ______ of blood always makes him sick.A. sightB. viewC. lookD. form31. She sent her application to the university last week, but ____ any response up to now.A. didn’t receiveB. weren’t receivingC. hadn’t receivedD. hasn’t received32. _____ by the teacher in class, John felt quite depressed and kept silent the whole evening.A. CriticizingB. To criticizeC. CriticizedD. Having criticized33. I’d play football with you now if I _____ ten years younger.A. amB. beC. had beenD. were34. All the books, _____ had some pictures in them, were sent to the little girl.A. whichB. thatC. whoD. whose35. It is know that _____ Galileo invented _____ telescope.A. the… theB./…theC. a…/D. the ….a36. The silk produced in Hangzhou feels extremely _____.A. softB. softlyC. softnessD. softy37. Not a single mistake ______ in the test.A. he madeB. did he makeC. he has madeD. made be38. Would you mind _____ a photo of you?A. me takeB. to takeC. my takingD. me to take39. The lady treats the boy next door well as if he ______ her own son.A. isB. wasC. wereD. would be40. The city ____ I was born is on the new railway line.A. whichB. thatC. on whichD. where41. It ______ yesterday, for the ground is still wet now.A. must have rainedB. was rainingC. rainedD. had rained42. If professor Jones arrives tomorrow, either you of I ______ to meet him at the airport.A. areB. isC. amD. were43. ______ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain doesn’t seem high at all.A. When comparedB. CompareC. While comparingD. Comparing44. On this special occasion I’d like to express my _____ wishes for your future happiness.A. obviousB. sincereC. hopefulD. honest45. He doesn’t spend much time _____ his homework.A. inB. withC. onD. for辨错题46. He is such strong a man that he can lift ten stones like this one.A B C D47. It was until after his death that he was recognized as a great composer.A B C D48. Get to the top of the hill. but you will see the whole city.A B C D49. Is that the reason because you are in favor of the proposal?A B C D50. There was so much noise in the room that I could hardly hear myself to think.A B C D51. When Daddy will come back, I am going to tell him everything about your poor performance at school.A B C D52. Some people like to eat apples, but others prefer bananas for apples.A B C D53. Most tree frogs change colors from time to time to fit in with its environment.A B C D54. As a slow student, Jane hasn't finished her test in time. is she?A B C D55.There are only two things worth to read in this newspaper—the TV listings and the sports page.A B C DPart IV Cloze (10%)56. A. rooted B. rooting C. caused D. causing57. A. that B. which C. when D. where58. A. for B. as C. in D. along59. A. view B. star C. enjoy D. spread60. A. trained B. designed C. acquired D. studied61. A. fewer B. few C. less D. little62. A. In spite of B. In place of C. Instead of D. In need of63. A. do B. did C. mere D. Was64.A. for B. with C. to D. from65. A. since B. before C. although D. while66.A. raised B. rose C. arose D. aroused67. A. hesitated B. sacrificed C. remained D. changed68. A. improved B. proved C. swelled D. founded69. A. After B. Since C. A1though D. Because70. A. switched B. balanced C. spared D. achieved7I. A. because B. before C. although D. while72. A. thrive B. perform C. supply D. process73. A. reading B. requiring C. buying D. running74. A. loyal B. equal C. upright D. proud参考答案阅读理解部分： 1-5. ACDBB 6-10. DCBCD11-15. BCCAA语法和词汇部分： 16-20. ADBDC 21-25. DDBAB 26-30. DACDA31-35. DCDAB 36-40. ABCCD 41-45. ACABC 挑错部分： 46-50. AACCD 51-55. ADDDB 完形填空部分： 56-60. ADBCC 61-65. DABDD 66-70. ACBCD 71-75. ABDBC 翻译： 76. 但是美国人看起来没有明白我们每天晚上需要7到9小时的睡眠。

2013年春期13大专英语试题

大专函授英语期末试题总分：60分一、Choose the appropriate answer for each statements.(20 pionts)1、Britain still has the cheapest postal _______.A、serviceB、severalC、serve2、Who is _______ for this accident?A、responsibleB、responsibilityC、principal3、It is not always easy to _______ everyone.A、satisfactionB、satisfyC、satisfactory4、She got a job as a sales _______ selling handbags.A、assistB、assistingC、assistant5、A home should be _______ an friendly.A、comfortB、comfortingC、comfortable6、People change their minds for a ______ of reasons.A、varyB、varietyC、various7、She has been ______ in keeping her privacy.A、succeedB、successC、successful8、At last he _____ finish the job in time.A、got toB、tried toC、managed to9、______ you nervous during the interview?A、WereB、DidC、Do10、The boss may____ Tony because he has the right qualifications.A、hireB、fireC、dismiss11、He knew nothing about this journey___ he was likely to be away for three months.A、howeverB、in additionC、except that12、Upon ________, he joined a small law firm.A、graduateB、graduatingC、graduation13、My father wanted me to become a _______ singer.A、professionB、professionalC、professionally14、I am writing to make a _____ about the watch I bought yesterday.A、concernB、complainC、complaint15、Our teacher always _____ us, telling me not to give up.A、encourageB、encouragingC、encourages16、Look! She _______ a walk in the garden and looks so fresh.A、takesB、tookC、is taking17、I ______ at the station lat night.A、gotB、arrivedC、entered18、Can I ______ your bike?A、borrowB、lendC、bring19、Shut _____ door, please.A、aB、anC、the20、I_______ to Beijing many times.A、have goneB、wentC、have been二、Fill in each blank with the words or expressions given below. Change the form where necessary. (10 pionts)tourist arrange check in tour flightbet detail bear spirit internal1、Can ______ and body be separated(分开)？2、I ______ he won’t come.3、Now it is the _______ season.4、I have ________ your hotel.5、He _________an hour ago at Binhai airport for a flight to Tokyo.6、The _______ will take three hours.7、Everyone wants to make a round-the-world _______.8、He cannot _______ to talk about it, even to me.9、_________ trade is also very important.10、We are discussing the ________ of the plan.三、Match the explanation in Column B with words in Column A (10 pionts).A B( )1、travel agency a. 航班号( )2、youth hotel b.提前，事先( )3、airport c. 远离( )4、far off d.茶馆( )5、tea house e. 出错( )6、in advance f.迷路( )7、due to g.青年旅社( )8、get lost h.旅行社( )9、go wrong i. 由于( )10、flight number j.机场五、Translate the following sentences. (15 pionts)1、下课后我将回家。

2013年英语一第四篇

2013年英语一第四篇In the 2013 English language exam, the fourth passage presents a problem that is still relevant today: the issueof people's increasing reliance on technology and its potential negative effects on human relationships. The passage discusses the impact of technology on communication, social interaction, and personal relationships. It also raises concerns about the potential loss of intimacy andthe ability to truly connect with others in a world dominated by digital communication.From a personal perspective, I can relate to the concerns raised in the passage. As someone who has grown up in the digital age, I have witnessed firsthand the ways in which technology has transformed the way we communicate and interact with others. While technology has undoubtedly made it easier to stay connected with friends and family, it has also led to a decrease in face-to-face interactions and meaningful conversations. I have often found myself guiltyof relying on text messages and social media to communicate,rather than making the effort to meet with friends in person or have a real conversation over the phone. This has undoubtedly impacted the quality of my relationships and has made me question the true depth of my connections with others.From a societal perspective, the passage raises important questions about the long-term effects of technology on human relationships. With the rise of social media, online dating, and virtual communication, it is becoming increasingly common for people to form and maintain relationships through digital means. While this has its benefits, such as allowing people to connect across long distances, it also raises concerns about the loss of genuine human connection. The passage highlights the potential for technology to create a barrier between individuals, leading to a lack of empathy, understanding, and emotional intimacy. This is a worrying trend that has the potential to impact society as a whole, leading to a decline in the quality of human relationships and the overall well-being of individuals.From a psychological perspective, the passage toucheson the emotional impact of technology on human relationships. It raises the question of whether digital communication can truly fulfill our need for human connection and intimacy. While technology has made iteasier to stay in touch with others, it cannot fully replicate the depth of emotional connection that comes from face-to-face interactions. The passage discusses the potential for technology to lead to feelings of loneliness, isolation, and a lack of fulfillment in relationships. This is a valid concern, as studies have shown that excessiveuse of technology can lead to feelings of depression and anxiety, as well as a decrease in overall life satisfaction.From a cultural perspective, the passage bringsattention to the ways in which technology is shaping theway we communicate and interact with others. In many cultures, face-to-face communication and personal interactions are valued as an important part of buildingand maintaining relationships. However, the rise of technology has led to a shift in the way people communicate, with digital means often taking precedence over traditionalforms of interaction. This has the potential to impact cultural norms and values surrounding communication and relationships, leading to a shift in the way people connect with one another.From an ethical perspective, the passage raises important questions about the responsibility of individuals and society as a whole in addressing the impact of technology on human relationships. It highlights the need for individuals to be mindful of their use of technology and to make an effort to prioritize face-to-face interactions and meaningful conversations. It also callsfor society to consider the potential long-term effects of technology on human relationships and to take steps to mitigate any negative consequences. This raises important ethical questions about the role of technology in our lives and the need to balance its benefits with the potential harm it can cause to our relationships and overall well-being.In conclusion, the 2013 English language exam passage presents a thought-provoking problem that continues to berelevant in today's society. The impact of technology on human relationships is a complex and multifaceted issuethat requires careful consideration from personal, societal, psychological, cultural, and ethical perspectives. It is important for individuals and society as a whole to recognize the potential negative effects of technology on human relationships and to take proactive steps to address these concerns. Only by acknowledging the impact of technology on human relationships can we begin to work towards finding a balance that allows for the benefits of technology while preserving the depth and intimacy of our connections with others.。

2013年英语一text3

2013年英语一text3摘要：I.引言A.背景介绍B.目的和意义II.2013年英语一text3概述A.文章主题B.主要观点C.论证方法III.文章详细内容A.文章结构分析B.主要论据和例子C.结论和启示IV.总结与评价A.对文章的评价B.对读者的启示C.对未来的展望正文：I.引言A.背景介绍1.2013年英语一text3是一篇关于XXX的文章2.该文章发表于XXX年，作者是XXXB.目的和意义1.本文旨在分析2013年英语一text3的主要内容和观点2.通过这篇文章，读者可以了解到XXX方面的知识II.2013年英语一text3概述A.文章主题1.文章主要探讨了XXX方面的内容2.涉及到XXX等具体问题B.主要观点1.作者在文章中提出了XXX的观点2.支持这个观点的主要论据是XXXC.论证方法1.作者采用了XXX等论证方法来支持其观点2.这些论证方法具有一定的说服力III.文章详细内容A.文章结构分析1.文章分为XXX个部分2.每个部分讨论了XXX内容B.主要论据和例子1.作者在文章中提到了XXX具体例子来支持其观点2.这些例子具有代表性和说服力C.结论和启示1.文章的结论是XXX2.这个结论给人们带来了XXX启示IV.总结与评价A.对文章的评价1.2013年英语一text3是一篇XXX的文章2.文章结构清晰，论证充分，具有一定的学术价值B.对读者的启示1.读者可以从这篇文章中学到XXX方面的知识2.对于XXX问题，可以借鉴文章中的观点和方法C.对未来的展望1.对于XXX领域，未来的研究方向是XXX2.希望作者能够继续在这个领域做出更多贡献。

英语（1）试卷A（函授）

英语（1）试卷A（函授）学院2016学年第⼀学期《英语（1）》试卷（A卷）专业级函授专科（任课教师：曹蕾宁夏函授站）学号姓名成绩1.Match the words and expressions in Column A with their antonyms(反义词)(1-10) and synonyms（同义词）(11-20) in Column B．（1×20=20）A B1．misunderstand a．unkindly2．discourage b．informal3．appear c．plenty4．busy d．encourage5．discover e．disappear6．personal f. impersonal7．kindly g．1ast8．formal h．cover9．1ack i．free10．first j. understand11. encourage k. associate with12. indeed l. weak points13. easily m. be sick of14. short- tempered n. impatient15. faults o. give courage to16. enter p. be faithful to17.stick to q. come／go into18. all kinds of r. a variety of19. be tired of s. really20. relate to t. effortless plete the following sentences with words and expressions in the box，change21．They are old friends，and so they have a lot of things each other．22. ，I'd like to introduce myself to you．23．He a lot of foreign friends when he was in England．24．The professor is very busy so he does everything ．25．They are trying to the answer to the question．26．What’s the matter with Mary? She unhappy．27．This text shows a logic．28．Foreigners may misunderstand you ．29．Your mistake your carelessness(粗⼼)．30．He will become a teacher a doctor．3.Are the following statements true(T)or false(F)according to the passage ? （2×5=10）I Am Good at PaintingI am good at painting with watercolors That is probably because both my parents⽔彩are Painters. They have influenced mea lot When I was two years old．my parents 影响gave me a pack of watercolors as a birthday gift. I began to draw from then on.⼀袋／礼物I draw almost every day without any rest. I am never tired of drawing．So，in my 厌倦room there are pictures all over the walls and even all about the floor．I hope to do something related to art in the future, especially in the field of design与…有关／设计and illustration．插图I would like to study in an art college．I know，art college is not easy to 美术学院enter. There is an entrance exam on art as well as on other subjects．进⼊／⼊学考试I must start preparing for these exams now．Besides drawing skills，1 will also have to improve my artistic sense. For this，1 will do many things such as 提⾼／艺术涵养listening to music, visiting art museums，and so on. My parents encourage me ⿎励to try my best．I will stick to my dream and make it come true sometime in the future．坚持／某⼀天31．An art college student writes the passage.32．He dreams of studying design and illustration.33. Only exams on art are required for students to enter an art college.34．Listening to music and visiting art museums will help the author improve his artistic sense．35．He must keep himself busy preparing for the entrance exam now.4. Read the passage carefully and then choose the best answer from the four choices according to the passage. （2×5=10）People often greet each other with“Hello”or“Hi”．Other forms of greetings are “Good Morning.”，“Good afternoon”，or“Good evening”according to different times of the day．When talking with foreign friends，we should pay attention to their social conventions(习俗)．For example，we should not ask people questions about their private activities．So we may talk about the weather，sports or show our concern about their children．In general introductions，a man is usually introduced to a woman，and the young are introduced to the old．The titles of Miss，Mrs．，Mr．，Professor，or Doctor etc．Can be used with the surname．Newly acquainted (相识的) people will shake hands and greet each other with“How do you do”or “I’m glad to meet you”．36．When people are introduced for the first time．they usually greet each other with a．“How are you?”b．“How do you do? ”c．“Nice to see you again．”d．“Good morning．”37．People usually greet each other with all of the following except____a．Good morning!b．I’m glad to meet you!c．How are you? d．Good night．38．We usually reply to“How do you do?”witha．Hello．b．How are you?c．How do you do?d．I’m fine，thank you．39．When we talk with native speakers of English，we should not ask them the question “”a．How are you?b．What do you think of the football match?c．Do you like the weather here?d．Are you married?40．Newly acquainted people usually besides the greeting of“How do you do?”a．shake handsb. nod headc. kiss each otherd. smile at each other5.Read the passage and find the English sentences that match the following Chinese translations. （2×5=10）A Guide to Business Telephone Usersa. Start each call by saying your name or your company’s name.b. It is better to answer the telephone within three rings. 在…之内c. Always have a pencil and pad available for taking down messages. 纸签／可得到的／⼝信d. Listening when the caller is speaking. Don’t try to do two things at the same time.e. Find out the caller’s name and use it in the station.f. Make notes and read them back to the caller to check if you have got the correct message.g. If the wanted person can’t come to the phone, explain why’ take the caller’s name andnumber, and offer to call back.h. Speak clearly. Always be helpful and polite.Examp1e: ( e ) 询问对⽅姓名．以此称呼对⽅。

(13年)开放英语1形成性考核册[1]标题加粗

13年开放英语（1）形成性考核册作业1答案选择题请在在选项上画√学习记录表11、请写出下列名词的复数形式。

Parent photo bus life half child woman toothParents photos buses lives haves children women teeth2、频度副词often,always,sometimes等在句中的位置是有规律的，请写出这些规律，并各举一个例句。

（1）在动词to be之后：Are you always at home on Sunday?（2）在实意动词之前：I sometimes go to London.（3）在含有助动词的句子中，置于助动词之后，实意动词之前。

I do not often go to work by bus.3、请写现在进行时的两种用法，并分别举一个例句。

（1）现在进行时表示此刻正在发生的事情或正在进行的动作。

He is talking to a customer.（2）现在进行时也可以表示这一段时期正在进行的活动，虽然在此时此刻江没有进行。

LiJun is working on a new database at the moment ,but right now she is sleeping.4、请用学过的功能句型介绍你自己的姓名、年龄、所在城市、工作。

请用英语写（略）开放英语（1）作业。

1第一部分交际用语1. A2. B3. B4. B5. A第二部分词汇与结构6. B7. A8. C9 .C10. C 11 .B 12 .B13. C14 .C15. C16. B17. A 18. B 19. B20. A 21. B22. A23. C24. C 25. A第三部分句型变换26. He is a manager.Is he a manager?27. She usually goes to work by bus.Does she usually go to work by bus?28. There are fifty students in the class.Are there fifty students in the class?29. They have a large house.Have they a large house? / Do you have a large house?30. He’s currently working on TV advertisements.Is he currently working on TV advertisements?第四部分阅读理解31．B32．A33．A34．B 35．B 36.B 37.B 38.B 39.A 40.C第五部分翻译41--45题：将下列英文句子翻译成中文。

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作业ID：？？？？1.Did you notice the guy ______ head looked like a big potato?A. A. whoB. B. whichC. C. whoseD. D. whom2.Eggs, though rich in nourishments, have ______ of fat.A. A. a large numberB. B. the large numberC. C. a large amountD. D. the large amount3.Jane’s dress is similar in design ___her sister’s.A. A. likeB. B. withC. C. toD. D. as4.The medicine is on sale everywhere. You can get it at ______ chemist’s.A. A. eachB. B. someC. C. certainD. D. any5.The red flower goes from one to _____ in the class.A. A. the otherB. B. othersC. C. anotherD. D. other6.The young lady coming over to us _____ our English teacher; the way she walks tells us that!A. A. must beB. B. can beC. C. would beD. D. could be7.I’ll have a cup of coffee and _____.A. A. two breadsB. B. two piece of breadsC. C. two pieces of breadsD. D. two pieces of bread8.I’ll give you a ring if Mike ________ tomorrow.A. A. comesB. B. will comeC. C. cameD. D. is coming9.When I got home, my little brother was ________.A. A. sleptB. B. sleepC. C. asleepD. D. to sleep10.It’s cold outside. You’d better ________ your coat.A. A. wearB. B. dressC. C. put onD. D. in11.- I wonder if I could use your computer tonight?- ___________ I’m not using it right now.A. A. Sure, go ahead.B. B. I don't know.C. C. It doesn't matter.D. D. Who cares?12.- Hey, Tom, what’s up?- __________A. A. Yes, definitely!B. B. Oh, not much.C. C. What is happening in your life?D. D. You are lucky.13.-- Shall we sit up here on the grass or down there near the water? -- ________A. A. I'd rather stay here if you don't mind.B. B. Sorry, I don't like neither.C. C. Certainly, why not?D. D. Yes, we like these two places.14.--I went to the beach and got plenty of rest.--___________. You looked tired last time I saw you.A. A. I hope soB. B. ReallyC. C. I'm glad you didD. D. The sound was nice15.- Let me introduce myself. I’m steward．- _________A. A. What a pleasure.B. B. Pleased to meet you.C. C. I don't know.D. D. Thanks a lot.16.--This week, I will travel to Japan.--_____________.A. A. Have a good time!B. B. Let me go with youC. C. Do you have money?D. D. Don't joke17.- David injured his leg playing football yesterday. - Really? _______A. A. Who did that?B. B. What's wrong with him?C. C. How did that happen?D. D. Why was he so careless?18.- Hello, I’m David Chen. Nice to meet you.- _______A. A. Are you?B. B. Nice to meet you too.C. C. Yes.D. D. Very nice.19.-- Happy birthday to you!-- _______________A. A. Happy birthday to you!B. B. I am very glad．C. C. That's all right．D. D. Thank you．20.- Mr. Jones, this is Sean, an English teacher from the United States.- ______________A. A. What can I do for you?B. B. Nice to meet you.C. C. Please keep in touch.D. D. Haven't seen you for ages.21.请阅读以下文章，并判断文章后五个题干的正误。

正确则选T，错误则选F。

Taking away a city’s rubbish is a big job. Every day trucks come into a city to collect it. Most rubbish is made up of things we can’t eat or use. If we kept these things, we would soon have a mountain of rubbish.In some cities the rubbish is collected and taken outside the city to a dump. Often the city dump is placed where the ground is low or there is a big hole. The kitchen rubbish is broken into small pieces and sent into the sewage（污水，排水）system. The sewage system takes away the used water from toilets, bathtubs and other places.To keep mice and flies away, some earth is used to cover the newly dumped rubbish.Later, grass may be planted on the rubbish-filled land. Finally, a house or a school may be buil t there, and then you’d never know that this had once been an old rubbish dump.In other cities the rubbish is burnt in special places. The fire burns everything except the metal.Sometimes the metal can be used again in factories where things are made of metal. The food parts of rubbish are put in special piles where they slowly change into something called humus（腐殖质）, which looks like black earth. It is rich with the kinds of things that feed plants and help make them grow.You can most probably read this kind of passage in a telephone book.单选题A. A. TB. B. FThe main idea of the passage is to tell people to take useful things out of rubbish. 单选题A. A. TB. B. FThe underlined word "sewage" in the second paragraph means laundry.单选题A. A. TB. B. FAccording to the passage, the food parts of rubbish can be used again to feed plants. 单选题A. A. TB. B. FWe should take care of a used metal box by reusing and recycling it.单选题A. A. TB. B. F22.请阅读以下文章，回答文章后的五个小题。