医学补充阅读：Patients and Doctors Need More
住院医师规范化培训英语试题
住院医师规范化培训英语试题姓名：成绩第1部分：词汇选项第1-15题,每题1分,共15分下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项;1 For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular.A unclearB obviousC majorD minor2 The sea turtle's natural habitat has been considerably reduced.A greatlyB suddenlyC generallyD slightly3 I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A instructingB notifyingC pushingD inviting4 It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A raiseB poseC experienceD handle5 The decision to invade provoked storms of protest.A ignoredB organizedC causedD received6 Jane said that she couldn't tolerate the long hours.A spendB takeC lastD stand7 At 80, Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris.A energeticB happyC aloneD busy8 Forester stared at his car, trembling with rage.A shakingB turningC jumpingD shouting9 A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.A reportedB provedC praisedD caught10 I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.A anxiousB sureC sadD afraid11 At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A giveB attachC loseD understand12 Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work to do.A doubtingB sayingC thinkingD knowing13 He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A maintainedB recommendedC consideredD acknowledged14 The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A relativeB generalC continuousD sharp15 She always finds fault with everything.A criticizesB simplifiesC evaluatesD examines第2部分：阅读判断第16～22题,每题1分,共7分下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C;Relieving the Pain"Exercise may be the best treatment of chronic pain," say doctors at a new clinic for dealing with pain. "People with chronic pain need to stop lying around, go out more, and start exercising."The instinctive reaction to acute pain is to stop moving and to try to protect the source of pain. But it seems that this is often not productive, especially in the case of back pain. Back pain, after headaches and tiredness, has become the third most common reason for people to visit their doctors. Painful backs now account for millions of days off work.Lumber 腰部的pains are partly the price humans pay for taking their forelimbs off the ground, but they are made worse by a sedentary久坐不动的lifestyle. Lack of exercise slowly decreases the flexibility and strength of muscles, so that it is more difficult to take pressure off the site of pain. Exercise is essential. It releases endorphins内啡肽, the body's "feel-good" chemicals, which are natural painkillers. In fact, these are so important that researchers are now looking for drugs that can maintain a comfortable level of endorphins in the body.Most people who go to a family doctor complaining of pain are prescribed pain-killing drugs rather than exercise. Since finding the cause of backache is not so easy, doctors frequently do not know the precise cause of the discomfort, and as the pain continues, sufferers end up taking stronger doses or series of different drugs. "It's crazy," says Dr. Brasseur, a therapist at the International Association for the Study of Pain. "Some of themare taking different drugs prescribed by different doctors. I've just seen a patient who was taking two drugs which turned out to be the same thing under different names."A generation of new pain clinics now operates on the basis that drugs are best avoided. Once patients have undergone the initial physical and psychological check up, their medication is cut down as much as possible. Taking patients off drugs also prepares them for physical activity.In some pain-relief clinics, patients begin the day with muscle contraction and relaxation exercise, followed by an hour on exercise bikes. Later in the day, they practice t'ai chi太极self-defense, and deep thought. This compares with an average of two-and-a half hours physiotherapy理疗a week in a traditional hospital program. "The idea is to strengthen and to increase long-lasting energy, flexibility, and confidence," explains Bill Wiles, a consultant pain doctor in Liverpool. "Patients undergoing this therapy get back to work and resume healthy active lifestyles much sooner that those subjected to more conservative treatment."16 To treat pain, patients should stop moving around.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned17 Headaches are partly caused by lack of exercise.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned18 Exercise helps to take the pressure off the site of pain.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned19 Doctors often use drugs such as endorphins to treat patients.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned20 Backache sufferers often end up taking more than one drug to kill pain.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned21 Exercises helps pain sufferers to recover more quickly than traditional treatment.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned22 New pain clinics ask patients to give up drugs completely.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子第23～30题,每题1分,共8分下面的短文后有2项测试任务：1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最佳标题；2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项;Owls and Larks猫头鹰与云雀1 In this article, we look at the importance of sleep for learning. Most healthy adults need eight or more hours of sleep. But why do we need sleep in the first place We need sleep for the brain to get a chance to rebuild memories stored during the day and associatethese with previously learned things. If this process is interrupted by, say, the sound of an alarm clock, it may not be as effective. So if your sleep is cut short by the alarm clock, how damaging is it The truth is that it's difficult to predict, as so much depends on how much sleep your body actually needs on that particular occasion.2 The popular belief that people are naturally either larks early risers or owls is false. The reason why people tend to be one or the other has more to do with lifestyle, age, and personality. Many people who appear to be early birds may have just become so through habit, for example, parents with very young children. Teenagers can have difficulty falling asleep until late at night and then they naturally have problems getting up the following morning.3 The main reason why owls are owls is that they tend to spend their time over a book, movie, or computer game till the early hours of the morning. They enjoy the quiet of the night when they can pursue their passion. On the other hand, larks can make better use of early morning hours where they can study in quiet at the time when their brains are most refreshed. So which is better for learning-an owl's or a lark's lifestyle The simple truth is that it is more complex than simply being one or the other. Leading a well-balanced life in terms of work and play and sleeping enough to bring maximum refreshment is probably the secret.4 As for naps, experts on insomnia失眠argue against taking naps, as these may keep people up at night. If your nap lasts only five minutes to half an hour and does not affect your ability to fall asleep in the night, it will probably help you be more alert in evening hours. However, if you are having problems getting to sleep at night, it's not only naps that you should avoid. Try not to drink a lot of alcohol, take nicotine尼古丁, do mentally intense activities like preparing for exams or doing exercise in the evening. Some people swear that drinking coffee never stops them from sleeping like a log, whereas others will never go near the stuff for fear of being awake all night. However, the best advice for most is to avoid it in the evening, and if you drink coffee before a nap, remember you are likely to awaken as soon as the caffeine starts kicking in.23 Paragraph 1 _________24 Paragraph 2 _________25 Paragraph 3 _________26 Paragraph 4 _________A What should we avoidB How much sleep do we needC Which is better, being an owl or a larkD Why do we need sleepE What makes people owls or larksF What helps us fall asleep27 Sleep helps brain to _________.28 Parents with very young children tend to _________29 A good lifestyle means one can _________.30 It is good advice for most people to _________.A sleep enough to bring most refreshmentB keep away from coffee in the eveningC stay up till the early hours of the morningD get up quite earlyE store memories in the brainF rebuild memories stored during the day第4部分：阅读理解第3l～45题,每题3分,共45分下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题;请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个最佳选项;第一篇Cell Phones: Hang Up or Keep TalkingMillions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication-having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professional worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health.On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones Signs of change in the issues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning 扫描equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn't remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer's doctor didn't agree.What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about.As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it's best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, it's wise not to use your mobile phone too often31 People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT thatA they're popularB they're usefulC they're convenientD they're cheap32 The world "detected" in paragraph 3 could be best replaced byA curedB removedC discoveredD caused33 The salesman retired young becauseA he couldn't remember simple tasksB he disliked using mobile phonesC he was tired of talking on his mobile phoneD his employer's doctor persuaded him to34. On the safety issue of mobile phones, the manufacturing companiesA hold that the amount of radiation is too small to worry aboutB deny the existence of mobile phone radiationC develop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiationD try to prove that mobile phones are not harmful to health35 The writer's purpose of writing this article is to advise peopleA to buy mobile phonesB to use mobile phones less oftenC to update regular phonesD to stop using mobile phones第二篇Immune FunctionsThe immune system is equal in complexity to the combined intricacies of the brain and nervous system. The success of the immune system in defending the body relies on a dynamic regulatory communication network consulting of millions and millions of cells. Organized into sets and subsets, these cells pass information back and forth like clouds of bees flying around a hive蜂巢. The result is a sensitive system of checks and balances that produces an immune response that is prompt, appropriate, effective, and self-omitting.At the heart of the immune system is the ability to distinguish between self and nonself. When immune defenders encounter cells or organisms carrying foreign of nonself molecules, the immune troops move quickly to eliminate the intruders 入侵者. Virtually every body cell carries distinctive molecules that identify it as self. The body's immune defenses do not normally attack tissues that carry a self-marker. Rather, immune cells and other body cells coexist peaceably in a state known as self-tolerance. When a normally functioning immune system attacks a nonself molecule, the system has the ability to "remember" the specifics of the foreign body. Upon subsequent encounters with the same species of molecules, the immune system reacts accordingly. With the possible exception of antibodies抗体passed during lactation授乳期, this so called immune system memory is not inherited. Despite the occurrence of a virus in your family, your immune system must "learn" from experience with the many millions of distinctive nonself molecules in the sea of microbes 微生物in which we live, learning necessitates producing the appropriate molecules and cells to match up with and counteract each nonself invader.Any substance capable of stimulating an immune response is called an antigen 抗原. Antigens are not to be confused with allergens 过敏原,which are most often harmless substances that provoke the immune system to set off the inappropriate and harmful response known as allergy. An antigen can be a virus, a bacterium, or even a portion or product of one of these organisms. Tissues or cells from another individual except an identical win, whose cells carry identical self makers act as antigens; because the immune system recognizes transplanted tissues as foreign, it rejects them. The body will even reject nourishing proteins unless they are first broken down by the digestive system into their primary, nonantigenic building blocks. An antigen announces its foreignness by means of intricate and characteristic shapes called epitopes 抗原表位, which protrude 突出from its surface. Most antigens, even the simplest microbes, carry several different kinds of epitomes on their surface, some may even carry several hundred. Some epitomes will be more effective than others at stimulating an immune response. Only in abnormal situations does the immune system wrongly identify self as nonself and execute a misdirected immune attack.36 What is used to describe the communication network consisting of cells in the immune systemA The immune system's memory.B Bees flying around a hive.C Immune troops eliminating intruders.D A sea of microbes.37 The immune cells and other cells in the body coexist peaceably in a state known asA balance.B harmony.C tolerance.D self-tolerance.38 How do the immune cells recognize an antigen as "foreign" or "nonself"A Through characteristic shapes on the antigen surface.B Through an allergic response.C Through blood type.D Through fine hairs protruding from the antigen surface.39 Which of the following statements is trueA Allergens are usually harmful substances.B Antigens can trigger an immune response.C People with antigens do not suffer from obvious responses.D There is no difference between an antigen and an allergen.40 Which of the following best expresses the main idea of this passageA The basic function of the immune system is to distinguish between self and nonself.B An antigen is any substance that triggers an immune response.C One of the immune system's primary functions is the allergic response.D The human body is an appropriate habitat for microbes.第三篇Be Alert to Antimicrobial抗微生物的ResistanceThe ability of micro-organisms to find ways to evade the action of the drugs used to cure the infections they cause is increasingly recognized as a global public health issue. Some bacteria have developed mechanisms which make them resistant to many of the antibiotics 抗生素normally used for their treatment multi-drug resistant bacteria, so pose particular difficulties, as there may be few or no alternative options for therapy. They constitute a growing and global public health problem. WHO suggests that countries should be prepared to implement hospital infection control measures to limit the spread ofmulti-drug resistant strains 菌株and to reinforce national policy on prudent use of antibiotics, reducing the generation of antibiotic resistant bacteria.An article published in 7"he Lancet Infectious Diseases on 11 August 2010 identified a new gene that enables some types of bacteria to be highly resistant to almost/all antibiotics. The article has drawn attention to the issue of AMR3 antimicrobial resistance, and, in particular, has raised awareness of infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria.While multi-drug resistant bacteria are not new and will continue to appear, this development requires monitoring and further study to understand the extent and modes of transmission, and to define the most effective measures for control.Those called upon to be alert to the problem of antimicrobial resistance and take appropriate action include consumers, managers of hospitals, patients, as well as national governments, the pharmaceutical 制药的industry, and international agencies.WHO strongly recommends that governments focus control and prevention efforts in the following areas like surveillance for antimicrobial resistance; rational antibiotic use,including education of healthcare workers and the public in the appropriate use of antibiotics; introducing or enforcing legislation related to stopping the selling of antibiotics without prescription; and strict adherence to infection prevention and control measures, including the use of hand-washing measures, particularly in healthcare facilities.Successful control of multidrug-resistant microorganisms has been documented in many countries, and the existing and well-known infection prevention and control measures can effectively reduce- transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms if systematically implemented.WHO will continue to support countries to develop relevant policies, and to coordinate international efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial resistance will be the theme of WHO's World Health Day 2011.41 Antimicrobial residence has become a global public health issue becauseA there may be few or no treatment to infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria.B new antibiotics are too expensive for poor countries.C infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria have killed a lot of people.D scientists know nothing about multi-drug resistant bacteria.42 The word "prudent" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning toA unwise.B wasteful.C widespread.D careful.43 The article published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases found thatA some bacteria have developed a new gene to resist almost all antibiotics.B a new multi-drug resistant bacterium has appeared.C some infections are caused by antibiotics.D some countries are successful in controlling multi-drug resistant microorganisms.44 WHO recommends governments to focus on the following areas EXCEPTA keeping hospitals from storing more antibiotics than they can use.B education on the use of antibiotics.C control of antibiotic use.D introduction of new regulations on the sale of antibiotics.45 We learn from the passage thatA antimicrobial resistance was not noticed until 2010.B further study is needed to deal with the transmission of multi-drug resistant bacteria.C without WHO, no country will be safer in the war against antimicrobial resistance.D WHO will focus its prevention and control efforts in poor countries.第5 部分：补全短文第46-50 题,每题2 分,共10 分下面的短文有5 处空白,短文后有6个句子,其中5个取自短文,请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置,以恢复文章原貌;Mt. Desert IslandThe coast of the State of Maine is one of the most irregular in the world. A straight line running from the southernmost coastal city to the northernmost coastal city would measure about 225 miles. If you followed the coastline between these points, you would travel more than ten times as far. This irregularity is the result of what is called a drowned coastline.____46 At that time, the whole area that is now Maine was part of a mountain range that towered above the sea. As the glacier 冰川descended, however, it expended enormous force on those mountains, and they sank into the sea.As the mountains sank, ocean water charged over the lowest parts of the remaining land, forming a series of twisting inlets and lagoons 咸水湖.The highest parts of the former mountain range, nearest the shore, remained as islands. ____47 Marine fossils found here 225 feet above sea level, indicating the level of the shoreline prior to the glacier.The 2,500-mile-long rocky coastline of Maine keeps watch over nearly two thousand islands. Many of these islands are tiny and uninhabited, but many are home to thriving communities. Mt. Desert Island is one of the largest, most beautiful of the Maine coast islands. Measuring 16 miles by 12 miles, Mt. Desert was essentially formed as two distinct islands.____48For years, Mt. Desert Island, particularly its major settlement, Bar Harbor, afforded summer homes for the wealthy. Recently though, Bar Harbor has become a rapidly growing arts community as well. But the best part of the island is the unspoiled forest land known as Acadia National Park. Because the island sits on the boundary line between the temperate 温带and sub-Arctic zones, the island supports the plants and animals of both zones as well as beach, inland, and alpine 高山的plants.____49 The establishment of Acadia National Park in 1916 means that this natural reserve will be perpetually available to all people, not just the wealthy. Visitors to Acadia may receive nature instruction from the park naturalists as well as enjoy camping, cycling, and boating. Or they may choose to spend time at the archeological museum, learning about the Stone Age inhabitants of the island.The best view on Mt. Desert island is from the top of Cadillac Mountain.___50From the summit, you can gaze back toward the mainland or out over the Atlantic Ocean and contemplate the beauty created by retreating glacier.A It also lies in a major bird migration lane and is a resting spot for many birds.B Mt. Desert Island is one of the most famous of all of the islands left behind by the glacier.C The wealthy residents of Mt. Desert Island selfishly kept it to themselves.D The term comes from the activity of the ice age.E This mountain rises 1,532 feet, making it the highest mountain on the Atlantic seashore.F It is split almost in half by Somes Sound, a deep and narrow stretch of water seven miles long.第6部分：完形填空第51～65题,每题1分,共15分下面的短文有15处空白,请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项;Pandemic 大面积流行的H1N1 2009The most active areas of pandemic influenza transmission currently are in central and eastern Europe. Focal集中的increases in rates during recent weeks were ______51 in at least two eastern European countries. A high intensity of respiratory呼吸道diseases activity with concurrent同时存在的circulation of pandemic influenza still ______ 52 in parts of southern and eastern Europe, ______53 in Greece, Poland, and Ukraine.In Western Europe, influenza transmission remains ______54 active and widespread, but overall disease activity has peaked. All influenza viruses in Western Europe were pandemic H1N1 2009, ______55, very small numbers of seasonal influenza viruses, covering less than 1% of all influenza viruses found, were reported in Russia. In ______56, limited available data indicate that active, high intensity transmission is occurring in Northern African countries ______57 the Mediterranean coast.In Central Asia, limited data ______58 that influenza virus circulation remains active, but transmission may have recently peaked in some places. In West Asia, Israel, Iran, and Iraq also appear to have passed their ______59 period of transmission within the past month, though both areas continue to have some active transmission and levels of respiratory disease activity have not yet ______60 to baseline levels. In East Asia, influenza transmission remains active but appears to be ______61 overall. Slight increases in ILI were reported in Mongolia after weeks of declining activity following a large peak of activity ______62 one month ago.In North America, influenza transmission ______63 widespread but has declined quickly in all countries. In the tropical regions of Central and South America and the Caribbean, influenza transmission remains geographically widespread but overall disease ______64 has been declining or remains unchanged in most parts, ______65 for focal increases in respiratory disease activity in a few countries.51. A expected B reported C marked D caused52. A plays B keeps C maintains D exists53. A usually B particularly C exactly D completely54. A inactive B active C faithful D unaffected55. A yet B however C still D until56. A fact B general C total D addition57. A beside B at C along D around58. A suggest B advise C propose D recommend59. A brief B late C long D peak60. A returned B led C brought D turned61. A declining B rising C balancing D jumping62. A above B from C over D since63. A seems B expands C becomes D remains64. A picture B performance C quality D activity65. A except B as C all D and第 1 部分：词汇选项1 、A obscure 不清楚的、晦涩的,在四个选项中和unclear 同义,obvious明显的,恰好是obscure 的反义词；major 和minor 分别为“主要的”和“次要的”意思;2 、A considerably 意为“相当大地、在很大程度上”,是副词,修饰动词,故用greatly 替换;又如: His English has been considerably improved. 他的英语大有起色;slightly 为它的反义词;3 、C 动词urge“敦促、催促”的意思,push 通常的意义是“推”,但可以转义而具有和urge 相同的意义,又如：The residents are pushing the local authorities to take me measures to handle the pollution problem immediately. 居民们敦促地方当局立即采取措施处理污染问题;4 、D approach 做动词有多种解释,其中一种和handle 意义相近,即“处理、对待”等,如：approach the issue with an impartial attitude 已不偏不倚的态度来对待这个问题,ap proach the subject from a historical point of view 从历史的角度来看这个主题;5 、C provoke 是“激起、引发”的意思,如: provoke indignation of the public 激起公愤,cause 可以表达同样的意义,但要普通得多;6 、D tolerate 是“忍受”的意思,如: tolerate the heat 忍受酷热,tolerate the loneliness 忍受孤独,tolerate the humiliation 忍受侮辱;和它同义的词常用的有bear, endure和stand;7 、A vigorous 是“活力充沛”的意思,和energetic 同义8 、A trembling 是动词tremble 的-ing 分词形式,意思是“发抖”,在四个选项中只有shaking 具有同样的意义;9 、C hail 这个动词有“热情赞扬、欢呼认可”等意思,如: They hailed the young pianist for his marvelous performance. 他们对那位年轻钢琴家的出色演奏大家赞扬;The bandits hailed him their leader. 土匪们拥他为王;注意本句中的谓语动词The young man is being hailed. . . 是被动式,现在进行时;10 、D scared 是“害怕”的意思,很常用,如: The kids were all scared by his fierce look. 孩子们被他的一脸凶相吓坏了;不过在本句里,scared 并非“惧怕”的意思,而更接近于“担心”的意思,故和afraid 相当;11 、D grasp 这个动词是“抓住”的意思,可用于具体的事物,如: grasp the rope/my hand 抓住绳索/抓住我的手,也可以用于抽象的概念,如：grasp the main idea/ his meaning 抓住要点/理解他的意思;在本句中grasp the significance of what had happened 就相当于un derstand the significance of what had happened.12 、B remark 这个动词就是“说”的意思,所以这里就用saying 来代替它;13 、A assert 是个比较正式的词,表示“声言、提出主张”等,故和表示自己立场的main tain 同义;Recommend 推荐,consider 考虑,acknowledge承认;14 、C steady 是“稳定的”意思,a steady decline 则是“稳步下降”,在这个上下文中可以用continuous 来代替它,即“不断下降”; Sharp decline 则是“急剧下降”;15 、A find fault with something/someone 是个固定的表达式,意为“找茬、吹毛求疵”,所以和criticize批评基本同义;第2 部分：阅读判断16 、B 短文第一、二句已明确回答这个问题,病人需要stop的是lying around,而不是moving around;17 、C 短文自始至终都没有提到引起头痛的原因是什么;18 、A 第二段中间说到,缺乏运动就难以减少疼痛部位的压力,所以需要运动;19 、B 第二段最后一句说,研究者们目前正在寻找能够使身体中维持理想水平的内啡肽药物,因此它不可能是现在医生经常开给病人的药;20 、A 第三段第二句说到,因为找出背痛的原因很困难,所以背痛病人最终只能服用更大剂量或几种不同的药物;21 、A 最后一段列举了许多让病人进行身体活动的方法,并在最后一句指出,这样治疗的病人要比传统治疗恢复得更快;22 、B 第四段说到,他们只是在要求病人进行身体活动的基础上尽量减少服药,或者最好避免服药,而没有要求病人完全停止服药;第3 部分：概括大意与完成句子23 、D 短文第三句就点出了本段的主题,并且对于我们为什么需要睡觉做出回答;24 、E 本段的主题就在第二句,并且指出,究竟是当猫头鹰还是当云雀主要与生活方式、年龄和个性有关;25 、C 本段首先对比了猫头鹰式和云雀式两种不同的生活方式,但孰优孰劣并不作比较,只是提出“根据自己的T作、娱乐过着充实的生活井有充足的睡眠让你精力充沛才是关键";26 、A 最后一段列举了一些需要注意的事物：午睡可视个人具体情况而定,避免摄人具有刺激性的物品如饮酒、抽烟、喝咖啡等;27 、F 第一段第三句就说到“睡眠是为了让我们的大脑能够整理白天所记忆的东西”;28 、D 第二段第三句说到,带着小孩的父母就容易成为早起者;29 、A 第三段最后一句的大意正是“过着健康的生活,让充足的睡眠为你带来充沛的精力”;30 、B 短文最后一句就说到,“对大多数人来说,我们的忠告就是不要在晚上喝咖啡”;第4 部分：阅读理解。
怎样处理好医生和患者的关系英语作文
怎样处理好医生和患者的关系英语作文全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1How to Be a Good Doctor and Have Nice PatientsBeing a doctor is a very important job. Doctors help people when they are sick or hurt. But it's not always easy! Doctors have to be really good at their job, and also be kind and caring to their patients. Patients are the people that doctors take care of. Having good relationships with patients is super important for doctors.If a doctor is mean or rude, their patients won't feel comfortable around them. The patients might not want to tell the doctor about all their ouchies and owies. Or they might not listen to the doctor's instructions on how to get better. That's no good! Doctors need their patients to be honest and follow directions so they can help them properly.Doctors also have to be patient themselves. I don't mean the person who is sick - I mean they have to be able to stay calm and not get frustrated easily. Some patients might ask a lot of questions because they are worried or confused. The doctorshouldn't get mad, but explain things nicely. Other patients might be grumpy because they don't feel well. The doctor should try to cheer them up a little.It's important for doctors to talk in a way patients can understand. They can't use too many hard medical words that kids or some adults might not know. They should use simple language and make sure the patient knows what they mean. Doctors can ask the patient to repeat back instructions, to make sure they got it. Drawing pictures can help too!Doctors should be friendly and make patients feel comfortable. A warm smile, making eye contact, and using a nice tone of voice goes a long way. Gently shaking hands is okay, but doctors shouldn't get too close or touchy since that might make patients uncomfortable. The doctor's office should be clean, bright, and welcoming too.Doctors have to be good listeners. They shouldn't interrupt patients or act like they are in a hurry. Letting patients explain how they feel and ask questions shows you care. Nodding, saying "uh huh" and making eye contact lets the patient know you hear them. Doctors should never make patients feel dumb for asking something.Privacy is crucial for doctors and patients. Doctors can't share any private information about a patient's health or personal life with others. Only the patient's family or guardians should know that stuff. Patients should feel safe opening up to their doctor without fear of their secrets being blabbed around.Something else doctors do is make sure patients understand how to take care of themselves. Whether it's eating healthier, exercising, or taking yucky medicine, doctors need to clearly explain why it's important. They should make sure the patient knows what could happen if they don't follow the rules too. But the doctor can't force anyone - the patient has to choose to listen.Being a doctor is tiring work! You're on your feet a lot, and you have to concentrate really hard. But you get to help people every day, and that's a fantastic feeling. Kids, if you work hard, you could grow up to be an excellent doctor one day! Just remember to be smart, caring, a great listener and teacher, and to always respect your patients. That's the key to being an amazing doctor that patients adore.篇2How to Be a Good Doctor and PatientBeing a doctor is a really important job! Doctors help sick people get better. They use their special skills and tools to figure out what's wrong and how to fix it. But being a good patient is important too. Both doctors and patients need to work together as a team. Let me tell you about how they can have a great relationship!First of all, doctors have to be really nice and friendly. When someone is sick, they probably feel scared, worried or sad. A good doctor makes them feel safe and calm. They speak in a gentle voice and explain everything clearly. Even kids can understand what the doctor is saying!Doctors shouldn't use too many big fancy words that confuse people. Instead, they break it down into simple terms. For example, instead of saying "You seem to have contracted the influenza virus", they might say "You've got a bad flu bug that's making you feel sick." See? Much easier to understand!Good doctors also listen carefully to their patients. They ask lots of questions like "Where does it hurt?" and "When did you first start feeling unwell?" Then they don't interrupt when the patient is talking. They let them finish explaining all their symptoms and worries. That way, the doctor gets all the information to help them figure out the problem.Patience is another important doctor skill. Some patients ask the same questions over and over because they are worried or confused. A good doctor doesn't get frustrated. They kindly explain it again in a different way. They understand that being sick makes it hard to think clearly sometimes.Of course, doctors also have to be really smart and knowledgeable about all sorts of diseases and treatments. They study for many years to become experts. They need to run tests, analyze the results, and decide on the right medicine for each patient. It's okay if they have to consult books or other doctors when they aren't sure about something. The most important thing is getting it right!Doctors can't just tell their patients what to do and expect them to obey like mindless robots. They need to be good teachers and helpers too. They show patients how to take their medicines properly. They give advice on healthy food, exercise and habits. But they also ask questions to understand the patient's lifestyle and beliefs. Then they can tailor the treatment plan to work best for each person.There are some things patients need to do to be good partners too. First off, be honest! Don't leave out important details about your symptoms or health habits, even if you feelembarrassed. Doctors have seen it all before and they aren't there to judge you. They just want all the facts to help you get better.Patients should also follow the doctor's instructions as precisely as possible. If the medicine tastes yucky, you can't just skip it! And no snacking on too many treats if the doctor says to cut back on sugar. Do your exercises and get lots of rest like you're told. The doctor's orders are for your own good.But good patients don't just mindlessly obey either. If you don't understand part of the instructions, speak up and ask more questions! There's no such thing as a dumb question when your health is concerned. And if the treatment really doesn't seem to be working, let the doctor know. Maybe a different approach is needed.Above all, patients need to trust their doctors. These are highly trained experts whose only goal is to help you! Don't listen to silly misinformation from unqualified people. If you have doubts, get a second opinion from another good doctor. But don't go against medical advice just because you feel like it.Both doctors and patients have to be patient, polite and respectful towards each other too. Doctors shouldn't snap at patients for being late or asking too many questions. Andpatients can't be rude to doctors just because they feel lousy. A little kindness, understanding and teamwork goes a long way!So in conclusion, doctors and patients are partners working together towards better health. Doctors share their expertise through clear communication, excellent teaching skills and compassionate treatment. Patients contribute by being honest, following instructions, asking questions and trusting their doctors' advice. With this positive relationship, I'm sure we can all get better and stay healthy for many years!篇3How to Be a Good Doctor and PatientBeing a doctor is a very important job. Doctors help people get better when they are sick or hurt. But it's not just up to the doctors - the patients need to be good too! Both the doctor and the patient need to work together as a team. Here are some tips for how doctors and patients can have a good relationship:For the Doctors:Be a good listener. When your patient tells you what's wrong, listen carefully. Don't interrupt them or act like you already know what the problem is before they finish explaining. Hear them out.Use simple words. Don't use too many big fancy medical words that are hard to understand. Speak in a clear and simple way so your patient knows what you mean. It's okay to explain things to them like you would to a kid.Be patient and nice. Some patients might be scared, worried or confused. Don't get frustrated with them if they ask the same question a few times. Just calmly explain it again with a smile. Being rude or mean is no good.Allow questions. After you've examined the patient and told them what's going on, let them ask any other questions they have. Make sure they understand everything before they leave.Explain the game plan. Tell your patients exactly what happens next - what tests they need, what medication to take, or if they need surgery. Don't just start doing stuff without explaining it first.For the Patients:Be honest. Don't leave out any important details about your symptoms or medical history, even if they are embarrassing or scary. The doctor needs to know everything to help you properly.Follow instructions. If your doctor tells you to take certain medicine, get some tests done, or do some exercises, you should do exactly what they say. Don't just ignore their advice.Ask questions. If you don't understand something the doctor says, ask them to explain it in a simpler way. There's no such thing as a dumb question when it comes to your health!Be patient. Your doctor has to see many patients every day. Don't get grumpy if you have to wait a little while for your appointment. That's just how busy offices get sometimes.Be nice. Remember that your doctor is trying their best to help you, so you should treat them with kindness and respect. Say please and thank you, and don't yell at them even if you are frustrated.Working TogetherDoctors and patients are partners in the quest for better health. Doctors use their skills and knowledge to figure out what's wrong. But patients are the ones who have to follow through with the treatment. It's a two-way street!If doctors and patients both do their jobs properly and treat each other with care and respect, it creates a great healthcareexperience for everyone. Patients will get the help they need, and doctors can feel good knowing they made someone better.So whether you're a doctor or a patient, remember to be a team player. Listen, communicate clearly, follow directions, and be considerate of each other. Healing is hard work, but it's much easier when you work together as a team. The end results will be worth it!篇4How to Be a Good Patient and Have a Great DoctorBeing a good patient is really important! If you aren't a good patient, your doctor might not be able to help you feel better. I've had to go to the doctor a bunch of times, so I know all about how to make sure your doctor can do their job.First of all, you have to be honest with your doctor about what's going on. Don't just say "My tummy hurts" - tell them everything! Like where exactly it hurts, if the pain comes and goes, what kind of pain it is, and anything else you notice. The more details you give the doctor, the easier it will be for them to figure out what's wrong.You also have to answer all of the doctor's questions as best you can. They'll probably ask you things like "Does it hurt more after you eat?" or "Did the pain start after you fell off the monkey bars?" Don't just say no, explain the full story! That way they'll have all the info they need.Listening is another big part of being a good patient. The doctor will give you instructions on what medications to take, what activities to avoid, or habits to change until you feel better. You have to make sure you listen really carefully so you don't forget or get it wrong. It's okay to ask questions if you don't understand something!Speaking of asking questions, that's also really important. If the doctor uses words you don't know or explains things in a way that doesn't make sense to you, just say so! They want to make sure you understand completely. And if you have any other questions about your illness or treatment, don't be afraid to ask.Another key thing is being patient and not rushing the doctor. They need time to ask all their questions, examine you properly, and think through what's going on. If you rush them, they might miss something important. Sometimes you have to wait a while for test results or for medications to work too. Rushing the process won't help.You also have to follow all of the doctor's instructions exactly. If they tell you to take a medicine with food, make sure you do that. Or if they say to rest as much as possible, don't overdo it. Doctors know the right ways to help you get better quickly, so you have to trust their advice.Finally, be calm, polite, and have a positive attitude! Getting sick isn't fun, but getting frustrated, scared or rude won't help anybody. Stay as happy and friendly as you can, and try not to complain too much. Your doctor is just trying to make you healthy again, after all!Those are the main ways to be a good patient. But what makes a good doctor? Well, I've definitely had some amazing doctors over the years. The best ones explained everything to me using easy words I could understand. They took time to listen to all my questions and make sure I wasn't confused. The best doctors also have a friendly, caring personality that makes kids feel safe instead of scared.Good doctors are also super smart and know all about different illnesses and treatments. Whenever I described my symptoms, they could pretty quickly figure out what was going on and how to help. I've had doctors who came up with creativeideas to solve tough problems when the regular approach wasn't working too.Patient and gentle are two more qualities that make a doctor great. They never rushed me or got frustrated if I had a lot of questions. My favorite doctors always stayed nice and calm, even when I was feeling scared or grumpy from being sick.On top of all that, wonderful doctors will go above and beyond to take care of you. They'll look out for your emotional needs, not just physical ones. Some doctors I've had would tell jokes to cheer me up or encourage me a lot when I was feeling down about being ill. Once when I was in the hospital, an amazing doctor brought me stickers and coloring books to help pass the time!Those caring little extras really show how much the best doctors want their patients to be happy and comfortable, not just better from their illness. When you have a doctor who is knowledgeable, listens patiently, explains things clearly, is gentle and caring, and provides emotional support, you know you're getting great care.Of course, doctors and patients both have an important role to play. It's a partnership where you have to meet each other halfway. As long as you do your job as a good patient and yourdoctor does their job, you'll make a fantastic team! Then you'll be healthy again before you know it. Always remember to be honest, listen closely, follow instructions, be patient, ask questions, and stay polite and positive. Do that, and you'll get the very best care from your doctor.篇5Title: Being a Good Doctor and PatientHi friends! Today I want to talk about doctors and patients. Doctors are really important people who help us feel better when we are sick. Patients are the people that doctors take care of. It's super important that doctors and patients have a good relationship and get along well. Let me tell you why!First of all, doctors need to be really nice and friendly to their patients. If a doctor is mean or grumpy, the patients might feel scared or upset. Nobody likes going to the doctor when they aren't feeling good, so doctors should try their best to make patients feel safe and relaxed. They can smile, speak in a calm voice, and even tell some jokes to help patients laugh! My doctor always asks me how I'm doing and if I have any fun stories to share before he checks on me. It makes me feel a lot better.Patients also need to be good listeners and follow what the doctor says. Doctors go to school for a really really long time to learn all about the human body and how to make sick people healthy again. So when they give instructions like "Take this medicine twice a day" or "Get plenty of rest", patients should do exactly what they say without arguing. If you don't understand something, you can ask the doctor to explain it better. But you shouldn't ignore their advice just because you don't feel like it!Another important thing is being honest with each other. Doctors need to tell patients what's wrong and explain their sickness or injury in a way they can understand. They shouldn't use too many big fancy medical words that might confuse the patient. Patients need to be honest too - if something is hurting or bothering you, don't be afraid to let the doctor know. Don't try to hide things or the doctor might not be able to help you properly. My dad once didn't tell his doctor about a weird rash, and it turned out to be an allergic reaction that got really bad before they figured it out!Doctors and patients both need to be patient (get it?) and not get frustrated with each other. Sometimes figuring out what's wrong can take a while, or maybe the medicine isn't working as quickly as hoped. Getting mad or yelling won't solveanything. It's important to stay calm and keep talking nicely until you find a solution together. My aunt is a nurse and she says that being patient is one of the most important parts of her job.Speaking of nurses and other hospital workers, doctors and patients should treat them with respect too. Doctors couldn't do their jobs without help from nurses, receptionists, assistants, and so many other people. Patients should be polite and thankful to everyone helping take care of them, not just the doctor. At the same time, nurses and staff need to be friendly and respectful towards the patients as well. It's all about being part of a caring team!Finally, I think a good doctor and patient relationship needs trust. Patients should trust that their doctor wants to help them get better and will do everything they can. Doctors should trust that their patients are trying their best to follow instructions and want to get healthy again too. My grandma's doctor has been taking care of her for 15 years, and they really trust each other. Sometimes just believing in your doctor and knowing they care about you can help just as much as the actual medicine!Well, those are my thoughts on how doctors and patients should act towards each other. It's so important that they get along, communicate clearly, show respect, and trust one another.Then doctors can do their jobs properly and patients can get the care and treatment they need. I hope you'll remember these tips about being a good doctor or patient if you ever find yourself in that situation. Next time you get a check-up or have to go to the hospital, just be a friendly, honest, patient, respectful, and trusting person. That's the best way to have an awesome doctor/patient relationship!篇6How to Be a Good Doctor and Have Happy PatientsHi everyone! Today I want to talk about something really important - how doctors and their patients can have a good relationship. Having a good relationship between the doctor and patient is super duper important because it helps the patient get better faster.First off, let's talk about what doctors need to do to be good with their patients. The most important thing is that doctors need to be really nice and friendly. They have to smile a lot and be polite. If a doctor is grumpy or mean, it will make the patient feel scared or sad, and that's no good! A sick person feels bad enough already without their doctor being a big meanie.Doctors also need to listen very carefully to what the patient tells them. They have to pay close attention when the patient describes their ouchies and what hurts. Doctors are really smart, but patients are the experts on their own bodies and how they feel. The doctor has to listen so they understand exactly what's wrong.It's also very important that doctors explain things in a way patients can understand. They can't use too many big fancy medical words that confuse everyone. They need to speak in simple terms, almost like they're talking to a kid. That way the patient knows what's going on with their boo-boos or illness.Another thing doctors must do is be patient and never get frustrated with their patients, even if the patient asks the same question over and over. Being sick is hard, and people forget stuff when they don't feel good. A good doctor has to politely answer the same questions as many times as needed.Doctors should never make fun of their patients or call them names if they're scared to get a shot or take some medication. Being scared is ok! Doctors need to go slowly, be encouraging, and help their patients feel brave. Getting mad just makes everything worse.Those are some of the biggest things doctors need to do. But what about patients? What can they do to have a good relationship with their doctors? Well, there are a few important things patients need to do too.The number one thing is to listen carefully to the doctor and follow their instructions. Doctors are basically the smartest people in the whole world when it comes to health. If they tell you to take your medicine a certain way or do some exercises, you need to do exactly what they say. That's the only way to get all better.Patients should also ask the doctor lots of questions if they don't understand something. It's way better to ask and get it right than to go home confused. Doctors are used to answering questions, so patients shouldn't be shy or worried about asking.When patients go for their checkups or appointments, they need to be honest and tell the doctor everything that's going on. They can't leave stuff out or the doctor might miss what's making them sick. Doctors aren't mind-readers, so patients have to give them all the details about their ouchies and problems.Another important thing is that patients need to be polite and have good manners with their doctors and nurses. They're all trying really hard to help people get better, so it's not nice tobe rude or yell at them. A little kindness and patience goes a really long way.Lastly, if a patient is supposed to go to a follow-up appointment, they have to go and not skip out on it. Doctors make those appointments to check on their patients and make sure the treatment is working right. Missing appointments can be dangerous if there's still something wrong.So in summary, doctors need to be friendly, good listeners, explain things in a simple way, be patient and encouraging, and never make fun of their patients. And patients need to follow instructions, ask questions, be honest, have good manners, and go to all their appointments.If doctors and patients can do those things, they'll have an awesome relationship! The doctor will be able to help the patient get fully healthy again. And the patient will feel comfortable asking questions and doing everything the way the doctor wants.Having a good relationship between doctors and patients is just as important as the medicine itself. It's a partnership - they have to work together as a team to fight sickness and promote good health. With kindness, good communication, and cooperation, doctors and patients can accomplish amazing things!So that's my advice on being a great doctor and a fantastic patient. Let's hear it for the awesome doctors and nurses who take such good care of everyone! And let's hear it for the patients brave enough to get the help they need! Working together, we can all live long, healthy, and happy lives.。
医学院校研究生英语读与写(第三版)词汇题与完形整理
The doctor patient-relationship is the foundation of modern medical ethics. What will be the touchstone the profession may need with the charge of the doctor-relationship? 医患关系是现代医德的基础。
在医生关系的管理上，这个行业可能需要什么样的试金石？First of all, instead of governing the doctor-patient relationship by altrusim and fidelity, more patients and doctors meet each other while under contract than ever before and usually neither has truly free choice in the matter. 首先，与以往任何时候相比，更多的病人和医生在合同期内见面，而不是通过高视阔步和忠诚来管理医患关系，在这件事上，他们通常医生来说是很少见的，因为他们需要与成对和不成对的医生按照小组安排来照顾同一个家庭的几代人，并由管理式医疗计划选择和取消选择。
Thirdly, the information learned from or about the patient seems to be wide open and confidentiality of medical records seems like food for earthworms. Medical practice in no longer personal and the managed care's ethical foundation is population-based.第三，从病人身上学到的或关于病人的信息似乎是公开的，医疗记录的保密性似乎是蚯蚓的食物。
高考英语复习训练-阅读理解-医疗健康类(含解析)
C．To illustrate Zhong’s simple lifestyle.
D．To illustrate the local’s appreciation for her.
3．Why are Zhong’s diagnoses almost efficient?
A．Because she has advanced diagnose skills.
prescriptions that almost always seem to do the trick. When villages are on their work breaks, Zhong makes calls to
some who have chronic (长期的) diseases, such as high blood pressure, and diabetes.
4．What does the underlined word in the last paragraph probably mean?
A．Disappeared.
B．Declined.
C．Established.
D．Confirmed.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一位年轻的医生钟晶，她定居在贵州省黔西南布依族苗族自 治州龙场镇龙河村，为当地村民提供医疗服务。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“When a young physician appeared in a village to set up practice, she ran into a wall of distrust.”（当一位年轻的医生出现在一个村子里建立诊所时，她遇到了一堵不信任的墙。）可知，当 她第一次出现在村里建立诊所时，村民并不太信任她，由此可知，当钟第一次出现在村里时，当地村民不 太相信她。故选 B 项。
2020年高考英语阅读理解医疗保健类专练(附答案)
2020年高考英语阅读理解医疗保健类专练（附答案）1.阅读理解Like to watch TV or play with your phone while you eat your dinner?Watch out—it could make you pile on the pounds.Not paying attention to our food makes us tend to more snacking later.Over a series of experiments were carried out by researchers.For the first experiment,39 normal-weight young women were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions: a high-distraction group,alow-distraction group,and a no-distraction group.Each person was given the same 400-calorie lunch consisting of several food items presented in a fixed order,and instructed to eat all of the items.In the high-distraction group,the women were told to play a computer game while eating,and that they would win money if they did well.In the low-distraction group they were just told to play the game while eating; and in the third group they were just told to eat their ter in the afternoon,each participant had access to a variety of biscuits on a plate,and the amount each person ate was assessed by weighing the plate before and afterwards.There was a significant difference between the groups.Those in the high-distraction condition ate 69 per cent more snacks than the no-distraction group,and those in the low-distraction group eating 28 per cent more (than those in the no-distraction group) .A second experiment,involving a further 63 people,was similar,but involved watching TV (in the distraction condition) and eating soup and bread.This found that those who watched TV while eating their lunch ate 19 per cent more biscuits later on than those who had eaten their meal without any distractions.A third experiment was also carried out,in which 45 normal-weight people were allocated to three groups.The first listened to an audio clip instructing them to imagine they were watching themselves eat—making them extremely focused on their own food intake.The second listened to a clip instructing them to imagine they were watching a celebrity—specifically David Beckham—eat (making them still focused on the food,but to a lesser degree);the third,which was the control group,just ate their lunch in silence.When all participants were given access to biscuits later,those in the self-imagining group-i.e. those who had really paid attention to what they were eating—ate far fewer than the other groups.（1）Why does eating dinner with a TV or a smartphone make us fat?A. Because we're more likely to snack later on.B. Because we're paying more attention to our eating.C. Because food is becoming more delicious while we're playing.D. Because we need more calories while playing.（2）What is TRUE about the three experiments?A. The low-distraction group ate the most snacks in the first experiment.B. Non-distracted members ate more biscuits later in the second experiment.C. Participants focusing on eating ate far fewer in the third experiment.D. Each person was told to watch TV or play a game.（3）What would be the best title for the text?A. Eating attentively doesn't help control appetite.B. Attentive eating increases later snack intake.C. Focusing on food increases later snack intake.D. Distraction leads to more snacking later.（4）Where is the text most probably from?A. A textbook.B. A scientific paper.C. A nutrition guidelines.D. A fashion magazine.2.阅读理解While we all try to find happiness, sometimes we still end up feeling low. While most people can control this feeling, low moods can stay with some, leading to depression. About 322 million people suffered from depression in 2015, according to a report by the World Health Organization in February. This is more than 4 percent of the world's population.Depression is described by the WHO as a mental disorder. It has several symptoms including sadness, loss of interest and feelings of low self-worth. In severe cases, depression may even lead to suicide.The number of people living with depression is increasing. The WHO reported a rise of 18.4 percent between 2005 and 2015. Young people are a group known to suffer with depression. “The pressures on today's youth are like no other gener ation, perhaps,” Dan Chisholm, an official of WHO, told Reuters.In China, depression among young people is on the rise, Zhu Zhuohong, a psychology professor with the Chinese Academy of Sciences, told Xinhua News Agency. Competition to outperform others, especially in education, can cause a lot of pressure for Chinese youth.Almost 1.2 million Chinese people aged 15 to 24 suffer from depression, according to a report released by British science journal The Lancet in May.Luckily, more and more efforts are being made to deal with this problem. This year's World Health Day, held on April 7, will focus on depression. The day will highlight (强调) the “Depression: let's talk” campaign. The campaign aims to make sure that people with depression both seek and get help.（1）According to the passage, what was the population of the world in 2015?A. about 322 millionB. about 128.8 millionC. about 8050 millionD. about 18.4million（2）Which symptom is the worst among several symptoms?A. suicideB. loss of interestC. sadnessD. feelings of low self-worth（3）What does the 3rd paragraph tell us?A. The pressures on today's youth are the same as other generations.B. The pressures on today's youth are not the same as other generations.C. The pressures on today's youth are bigger than other generations.D. The pressures on today's youth are not bigger than other generations.（4）What cause a lot of pressure for Chinese youth?A. Competition between young generationsB. Competition to outperform othersC. Competition to perform better than others in educationD. Education to avoid disorders3.阅读理解Feifei, an 11-year-old boy from Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, suffered from a sudden acute eye disease which has almost led to blindness. The disease was caused when he overused his eyes during the winter vacation, during which he played computer games for continuous 10 days and nights.Many youngsters in China nowadays are increasingly addicted to computer games and other electronic products. This is followed by a series of health problems, with the most typical case being myopia, or nearsightedness.According to the latest research report released by the World Health Organization (WHO),the myopia rate among Chinese teenagers ranks first in the world—70 percent of high school and college students. The rate is nearly 40 percent in primary school students, while it is only 10 percent for their peers in the United States.There are at least 10 million people in China with severe myopia, and they are likely to get pathological myopia（病理性的近视）in middle age. Pathological myopia can't be treated with glasses or surgery, and it is one of the biggest factors that lead to blindness, Xu Xun, an expert at Shanghai General Hospital, pointed out.Experts explain that two major factors lead to the high rate of myopia among Chinese people. One is high academic pressure, and the other one is excessive use of electronic devices over a long period of time. Genetics, on the other hand, are not the main reason, as only 20 percent of Chinese people had myopia in the 1960s."Teenagers are now faced with severe academic pressure, which means they often study without natural light. This increases their risk of becoming nearsighted," Xu said. Experts suggest that youngsters maintain a proper balance between study and rest so as to protect their eyesight, and parents should play an active role in the process.（1）Why does the author mention Feifei's experience in the first paragraph?A. To advise people to protect their eyes.B. To introduce the topic of nearsightedness.C. To inform people of the cause of blindness.D. To show that Feifei developed an eye disease.（2）What can be learnt from the passage?A. Nearsightedness may cause other health problems.B. There are more nearsighted students in the United States.C. 70 percent Chinese students in primary school are nearsighted.D. Pathological myopia is most likely to cause blindness.（3）Which of the following can be a main reason for myopia?A. Genetics factors.B. Low academic pressure.C. Overuse of electronic devices.D. Reading in natural light.（4）What will be probably discussed in the following paragraph?A. The significance of protecting eyesight.B. Youngsters' bad behavior leading to myopia.C. The relationship between youngsters and their parents.D. Parents' role in helping youngsters protect their eyesight.4.阅读理解Do you love holidays but hate the fact that you put on weight (增加体重) after the holidays? You are not alone.Holidays are happy days with pleasure and delicious foods. Many people, however, are worried about the weight that comes along with these delicious foods.With proper planning, it is possible to control your weight. The idea is to enjoy the holidays but not to eat too much. You don't have to turn away from the foods that you enjoy. The following suggestions may help you.Do not miss meals. Before yon leave home for a feast(宴会), have a small, low-fat snack. This may help to keep you from getting too excited before delicious foods.Begin with clear soup, fruit or vegetables.A large glass of water before you eat may help you feel full.Use a small plate; a large plate will encourage you to have more than enough.Better not have high-fat foods. Dishes that look oily or creamy have much fat in them.Choose lean（瘦的）meat. Fill your plate with salad and green vegetables.If you have a sweet tooth, try mints (薄荷) and fruits. They don't have fat content as cream and chocolate.Don't let exercise take a break during the holidays. A 20-minute walk after a meal can help burn off excess calories (多余的热量).（1）Holidays are happy days with pleasure but they may______.A. make you worried about your foodsB. bring you much trouble in your lifeC. bring weight problemsD. make you hate delicious foods（2）Many people can't help putting on weight after the holidays because they _______.A. turn away from the foods that they enjoyB. go to too many feastsC. enjoy delicious foodsD. can't control themselves and eat too much（3）Which of the following is NOT the suggestion given by the writer?A. Begin with lean meat.B. Drink a large glass of water before you eat.C. Have a small, low-fat snack before a feast.D. Use a small plate.5.阅读理解When you go to the doctor, you like to come away with a prescription．It makes you feel better to know you will get some medicine. But the doctor knows that medicine is not always needed. Sometimes all a sick person needs is some reassurance that all will be well. In such cases the doctor may prescribe a placebo.A placebo is a sugar pill, a harmless shot, or ail empty capsule. Even though they have no medicine in them, these things seem to make people well. The patient thinks it is medicine and begins to get better. How does this happen?The study of the placebo opens up new knowledge about the way the human body can heal itself. It is as if there was a doctor in each of us. The doctor will heal the body for us if we let it. But it is not yet known just how the placebo works to heal the body. Some people say it works because the human mind fools itself. These people say that if the mind is fooled into thinking it got medicine, then it will act as if it did, and the body will feel better.Placebos do not always work. The success of this treatment seems to rest a lot with the relationship between the patient and the doctor. If the patient has a lot of trust in the doctor and if the doctor really wants to help the patient, then the placebo is more likely to work. So in a way, the doctor is the most powerful placebo of all.A placebo can also have bad effects. If patients expect a bad reaction to medicine, then they will also show a bad reaction to the placebo. This would seem to show that a lot of how you react to medicine is in your mind rather than in your body. Some doctors still think that if the placebo can have bad effects it should never be used. They think there is still not enough known about it.The strange power of the placebo does seem to suggest that the human mind is stronger than we think it is. There are people who say you can heal your body by using your mind. And the interesting thing is that even people who swear this is not possible have been healed by a placebo．（1）What do we know about placebo according to the passage?A. It contains some sort of medicine.B. It won't function if you are negative about medicine.C. People who don't believe placebo can't be healed by it.D. Patients and doctors know clearly how it helps to heal the body.（2）Why is the doctor sometimes the most powerful placebo?A. The patient needs help badly．B. The patient believes in the doctor．C. The doctor knows better about your body．D. The doctor has carefully studied medicine．（3）What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to?A. The placebo.B. The bad effect.C. The body.D. The medicine.（4）What is the passage mainly about?A. Placebo：Work on Your MindB. Placebo：The Most Powerful MedicineC. Placebo：The Best DoctorD. Placebo：Heal Your Body6.阅读理解A new study has discovered that meditation（冥想）and oxygen sport together reduce depression. The Rutgers University study found that this mind and body combination, done twice a week for only two months, reduced the symptoms for a group of students by 40 percent.“We are excited by the findings because we saw such a meaningful improvement in both clinically depressed and non-depressed students,” said lead author Dr. Brandon Alderman. “It is the first time that both of these two behavioral ways have been looked at together for dealing with depression.”Researchers believe the two activities have an interactive effect on combating depression. Alderman and Dr. Tracey Shors discovered that a combination of mental and physical training (MAP) enabled students with major depressive disorder not to let problems or negative thoughts defeat them.Rutgers researchers say those who participated in the study began with 30 minutes of focused attention meditation followed by 30 minutes of oxygen sport. They were told that if their thoughts drifted to the past or the future they should refocus on their breathing, enabling those with depression to accept moment-to-moment changes in attention.Shors, who studies the production of new brain cells in the hippocampus—part of the brain involved in memory and learning—says scientists have shown in animal models that oxygen sport exercise keeps a large number of certain cells alive.The idea for the human intervention（干预）came from her laboratory studies, she says, with the main goal of helping individuals acquire new skills so that they can learn to recover from stressful life events.By learning to focus their attention and exercise, people who are fighting depression can acquire new learning skills that can help them process information and reduce the overwhelming recollection of memories from the past, Shors says.“We know these treatments can be practiced over a lifetime and that they will be effective in improving mental health.” said Alderman. “The good news is that this intervention can be practiced by anyone at any time and at no cost.”（1）What made the research so different?A. Adopting a way of meaningful talk.B. Combining the two behavioral ways to treat depression.C. Treating depression with special medicine.D. Comparing the depressed with the non-depressed. （2）The underlined word “combating” in Parag raph 3 can be replaced by ______.A. fightingB. identifyingC. distinguishingD. examining（3）What did the participants do in the research?A. They did oxygen sport half an hour before thinking.B. They thought quietly and then took exercise.C. They took exercise longer than they thought.D. They took exercise while thinking quietly.（4）What is Shors' main purpose of her studies?A. To find out certain brain cells of humans.B. To study the production of new brain cells.C. To offer people a new method to treat stress.D. To decide the links between stress and exercise.7.阅读理解Herbal medicine (草药), which has been used for medicinal purposes, is the use of plants to treat diseases. Many herbalists use the entire plant, from the flowers, stems, leaves, and roots, in the form of everything from teas to pills. These plants contain natural, chemical things that can treat the body for a variety of diseases- such as allergies, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, migraine, chronic fatigue, and cancer, among others.Nowadays an increasing number of people prefer to adopt these plants to treat their diseases because, compared with chemical medicine, herbal medicine has its own advantages. Herbal medicine and remedies (治疗) are more effective than chemical medicine for certain diseases. The chemical medicine given by a chemist could have certain negative side effects. However, many of the herbal medicine and remedies do not have negative side effects. If any, they are softer than chemical medicine. Obesity is the cause of many of the health problems. Herbal medicine can help weight-loss more effectively and improve overall health.However, the cure using herbal medicine and supplements (营养品) would take some time, and therefore people are supposed to possess enough patience. Worse still, herbal medicine contains a variety of ingredients (成分) and people have to be sure that their body agrees with the ingredients and that it is not allergic (过敏).A point worth mentioning here is herbal remedies and medicine for certain illnesses may have negative side effects. These side effects may not be shown at once, but would take months or even years. In the early stages, if the herbal medicine is not agreeing with you, it is wise to stop using it.When used correctly and directed by doctors, herbs can help treat a variety of diseases. But keep in mind that the herbal medicine industry is not regulated, so herbal products are often misleading and may contain additives (添加剂) and that are not listed on the label (标签). Some herbs may cause allergic reactions or interact with other drugs, and some are poisonous if used improperly or at high doses (剂量). Taking herbs on your own increases your risk.（1）What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?A. The origin of herbal medicine.B. The history of herbal medicine.C. The definition and function of herbal medicine.D. The naturally harmless characteristics of herbal medicine.（2）How does the author explain the advantages of herbal medicine?A. By using examples.B. By making a comparison.C. By analyzing research statistics.D. By performing lots of experiments.（3）What is the author's attitude towards herbal medicine?A. Negative.B. Disapproving.C. Unclear.D. Supportive.（4）Which of the following will the author agree with?A. Choose safe herbal medicine freely.B. Take herbal medicine under the guidance of doctors.C. Use herbs together because the combination is more effective.D. Purchase herbal medicine from reliable manufacturers to ensure quality.8.阅读理解People with an impulsive personality refer to those who tend to do things without considering the possible dangers or problems first. According to a new study by researchers at the University of Georgia, such people may be more likely to have food addiction. The study found that people exhibiting impulsive behavior weren't necessarily overweight, but impulsiveness was related to a direct relationship with food, and therefore, less healthy weight.Food addiction has been compared to addictive drug use. Studies have linked the dopamine (多巴胺) release that occurs after tasting delicious food to the dopamine release that happens when people consume other addictive substances.Impulsive behavior involves several personality traits (特点). Two of these traits, known as negative urgency and lack of perseverance, were particularly associated with food addiction and high BMI (身体质量指数) during the study.Negative urgency is characterized by the tendency to behave impulsively when experiencing negative emotions. Some people might drink alcohol or take drugs. For others, it could mean eating to feel better. Lack of perseverance is when a person has a hard time finishing hard or boring tasks. People with a lack of perseverance might have difficulty attempting to change addictive eating behavior, which could also cause obesity.“Impulsiveness might be one reason why some people eat in an addictive way despi te motivation to lose weight,” said Dr. Ashley Gearhardt, a clinical psychologist. He was involved in developing the Yale Food Addiction Scale in aid of those people. “We are theorizing that if food addiction is really a thing, then our measure, the Yale F ood Addiction Scale, should be related to helping control impulsive action,” said Gearhardt.Clinical psychologist Dr. James MacKillop, whose lab was conducting the study, believes that therapies used to treat addictive drug behavior could help people who suffer from addictive eating habits.“Most of the programs for weight loss at this point focus on the most obvious things, which are clearly diet and exercise,” MacKillop said. “It seems that managing strong desires to eat would naturally fit in wi th the skills a person would need to eat healthily.”（1）According to Paragraph 1, the result of food addiction is ________.A. less healthy weightB. motivation to lose weightC. negative emotionsD. taking alcohol or drugs（2）How does the author introduce the two personality traits in Paragraph 4?A. By making comparisons and conclusions.B. By explaining causes and effects.C. By presenting questions and answers.D. By giving definitions and examples.（3）What can be inferred about the Yale Food Addiction Scale from the text?A. It has been successfully carried out among overweight people.B. It might help some impulsive people with food addiction to lose weight.C. It will prove whether food addiction is a problem to impulsive people.D. It is theoretically a proper treatment for addictive food and drug behavior.（4）Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Dopamine release caused by food addictionB. Food addiction compared to drug useC. Impulsive personality linked to food additionD. Food addiction contributing to obesity答案1. （1）A（2）C（3）D（4）B2. （1）C（2）A（3）B（4）C3. （1）B（2）D（3）C（4）D4. （1）C（2）D（3）A5. （1）A（2）B（3）B（4）A6. （1）B（2）A（3）B（4）C7. （1）C（2）B（3）D（4）B 8. （1）A（2）D（3）B（4）C。
新概念英语第四册-Patients and doctors 病人与医生
新概念英语第四册-Patients and doctors 病人与医生What are patients looking for when they visit the doctor？This is a sceptical age， but although our faith in manyof the things in which our forefathers fervently believed has weakened， our confidence in the curative properties of the bottle of medicine remains the same a theirs. This modernfaith in medicines is proved the fact that the annual drugbill of the Health Services is mounting to astronomicalfigures and shows no signs at present of ceasing to rise. The majority of the patients attending the medical out-patients departments of our hospitals feel that they have not received adequate treatment unless they are able to carry home with them some tangible remedy in the shape of a bottle of medicine， a box of pills， or a small jar of ointment， and the doctor in charge of the department is only too ready to provide them with these requirements. There is no quicker method of disposing of patients then by giving them what they are asking for， and since most medical men in the Health Services are overworked and have little time for offeringtime-consuming and little-appreciated advice on such subjects as diet， right living， and the need for abandoning badhabits etc.， the bottle， the box， and the jar are almost always granted them.Nor is it only the ignorant and ill-educated person who was such faith in the bottle of medicine. It is recounted of Thomas Carlyle that when him in his pocket what remained of a bottle of medicine formerly prescribed for an indispositionof Mrs. Carlyle's. Carlyle was entirely ignorant of what the bottle in his pocket contained， of the nature of the illness from which his friend was suffering， and of what had previously been wrong with his wife， but a medicine that had worked so well in one form of illness would surely be ofequal benefit in another， and comforted by the thought ofthe help he was bringing to his friend， he hastened to Henry Taylor's house. History does not relate whether his friend accepted his medical help， but in all probability he did.The great advantage of taking medicine is that it makes no demands on the taker beyond that of putting up for a moment with a disgusting taste， and that is what all patients demand of their doctors —— to be cured at no inconvenienceto themselves.New words and expressions 生词和短语sceptical adj. 怀疑的forefathers n. 祖先fervently adv.热情地curative adj. 治病的astronomical adj. 天文学的tangible adj.实实在在的remedy n. 药物ointment n. 药膏prescribe v. 开药方indisposition n. 小病inconvenience n. 令人讨厌的inconvenience n. 不便参考译文这是一个怀疑一切的时代，不过虽然我们对我们祖先笃信的很多事物已不太相信，我们对瓶装药品疗效的信心仍与祖辈一样坚定。
Lesson 28 Patients and doctors 病人与医生
Lesson 28 Patients and doctors 病人与医生Paragraph 1：现代人信赖药物Skeptical adj. 怀疑的；怀疑论的，不可知论的Some teachers are skeptical of how well the program can help students learn.有的教师怀疑这项改革到底能怎样帮助学生学习。
This is not the first time Xie zhen-huahas revealed his skeptical stance.这已经不是解振华第一次透露他的这种怀疑的观点了。
比较：suspicious可疑的；怀疑的；多疑的Two officers on patrol became suspicious of two men in a car.两位巡警对一辆小汽车内的两名男子起了疑心。
The policeman rubbed down the country bumpkin, but found nothing suspicious.警察把那个乡下佬浑身上下搜查了一遍，但未发现可疑之处。
Forefather: n.祖先syn. ancestors; ancestry; progenitor; forbears; stock; root They were determined to go back to the land of their forefathers.他们决意要回到老祖宗的土地。
Like his forefather, Benny had the ability to foresee the future.像他的祖先一样，本尼有能力预知将来。
Fervent adj. 热心的；强烈的；炽热的；热烈的syn. intense / eager / burning / sharp / enthusiasticI had grown up in a family that often discussed politics over the dinner table.Thepros and cons of various solutions to society’s problems generated fervent debate.我成长于一个经常围坐在餐桌旁讨论政治的家庭，对解决社会问题各种方法的支持与反对经常引起家人热烈的争论。
《医学院校研究生英语读与写》(第三版)3、5、6、7、8、9、11章 vocabulary原题及答案
《医学院校研究生英语读与写》3/5/6/7/8/9/11vocabulary原题及答案Unit3TEXT A1)It is mandated in the regulations that the laid-off workers can get tax credits when they run their business.2)This directive applies to all apparatus liable to cause electromagnetic disturbance or the performance of which is to be affected by such disturbance.3)Without receiving any advance warning,the coastal cities in Southeast Asia sustained heavy losses from the hurricane last year.4)This cancer co-operative group organization provides information about cancer clinical trials,cancer research,patient advocates,drugs for cancer,experimental cancer treatments and general cancer treatment.5)On behalf of U.S.Secretary of Energy Samuel W.Bodman,I am pleased to announce that the United States supports the decision of the ITER(International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor)Parties to site the ITER reactor at Tokyo.6)The shop carries suits,coats,shirts,and miscellaneous accessories.7)The Legislative Counsel Committee claims copyright protection in those parts of Oregon Revised Statute that are legally subject to copyright protection.8)The government has empowered the police with absolute authority to stop anybody in the street during racial conflict.9)Methadone is used by heroin addicts as part of a program to wean them off the drug.10)They agree that a sound and stable relationship between China and the United States is good to help establish durable peace on the Korean Peninsula.The doctor-patient relationship is the foundation of modern medical1)ethics.What will be the2)touchstone the profession may need with the change of the doctor-patient relationship?First of all,instead of governing the doctor-patient relationship by3)fidelity and4) altruism,more patients and doctors meet each other while under contract than ever before and usually neither has truly free choice in the matter.Secondly,the5) continuity is rare for doctors of taking care of several generations of the same family as physicians couple and uncouple in group6)arrangements and are selected and deselected by managed care plans.Thirdly,the7)information learned from or about the patient seems to be wide open and8)confidentiality of medical records seems like food for earthworms.Medical practice is no longer personal and the managed care’s ethical9)foundation is population-based.In a word,the individual doctor-patient relationship is likely to remain the most important relationship in medicine—at least to doctors and the moral relationship based on payers and patients and10)integration of fairness to all with the choices of an individual would be established.TEXT A1)The little girl didn’t have enough money so she cajoled her boyfriend into buying her a new dress.2)According to British law,justice works on the premise that an accused person is innocent until proven guilty.3)It is a delicate job which cannot be done by a layman,but in which a variety of professional skills will be deployed.4)The city was even equipped with a drainage system,for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets.5)The little girl shuddered at the sight of the dead body.She almost fainted right away.6)The shop has been enjoying public praise for a long time,but it’s inevitable that there will be the occasional disgruntled customer.7)Anyone with an annual income of less than$5,000may be eligible to apply,or may be regarded as a potential tax dodger.8)In South Korea in August,Robles finished first in the110meters but was disqualified for impeding Liu,who ended up winning a silver medal after being on course for gold.9)Yesterday,staff at the hospital were officially rebuked for telling patients they had cancer over the phone.10)Numeric values formatted to strings using standard and custom format codes.The job could only be done by computer,because it would be a tremendous amount of work.1.Let’s look at a sample case study to better understand why this is a________malnutrition mispractice misnutrition malpractice2.The more time,energy and money you spend acquiring________knowledge,the more control you have over your life.pertinent permanent prevalent perspective3.China’s top legislature might add mental distress in criminal cases to the conditions covered under the country’s first________law.tough taught tort naught4.The investigation was brought about by the determination of a sole________.accused plaintiff criminal witness5.The authorities had agreed to________normal requirements for permits to cross the border.wrench reckon stimulate waive6.An honest person can have many________personal or business reasons for private communications.humble legitimate modest considerate7.The rate and duration of China’s economic growth have no historical________precedent descendent demonstration illustration8.She threatened legal action against the newspaper for________of copyright.applicate breach communicate duplicate9.For some industrial scientists,the attractions of academia________any financial considerations.outlive outline outweigh outcome10.________or damaging of state or collective property by any organization or individual by whatever means is prohibited.Appropriation Appointment Appreciation ApproachTEXT A1.Fingerprints left on the only knife on the island mansion were the________for the murder.smoker’s gun big gun smoking gun starting gun2.Taking long-term courses of certain medication may increase________to infection.vulnerability subjectivity objectivity capability3.The funeral arrangements were________the family’s wishes.in collusion with out of keeping with hand in glove with along with 4.The fact that so many people have posted comments on this topic shows how________and complicated it is.pervasive passive adverse favorable5.The arrays were placed directly on the brain of a volunteer patient with epilepsy whose skull had already been opened to measure________electrical signals that trigger seizures.normal aberrant constant flashing6.The strip of flexible material wraps around the back of the head and covers the side of the eyes,blocking up to60percent of a wearer’s________vision.focal double peripheral distance7.The recent________in food prices around the world is because of rising energy costs.spear sphere plight spike8.To that end,he said he and Mr.Trump discussed ways to improve infrastructure along that US-Mexico border to______bilateral trade.restrict initiate ban facilitate9.Blind,deaf and mentally________children are sent to special education schools.radical rising rational retarded10.All the charitable endeavors in this world only manage to bring poverty into greater relief;they show it to be more terrible and________than utter dereliction.unabsorbent unacknowledged unintelligible unamiableThese risk associations remained statistically significant even after the authors limited the analyses to children who were born neither pre-term nor underweight and who had no obvious1)distress at birth(Apgar score above6).This suggests that the observations cannot be entirely explained by2)detrimental effects on the3)fetus due to the mother’s4)autoimmune disease.5)Combined with other research evidence,the authors6)speculated that certain autoimmune diseases may share a common genetic root with autism.Other autoimmune diseases,such as multiple sclerosis,psoriasis,and Crohn’s disease, in parents and siblings were not significantly7)associated with autism spectrum disorders in the study children.Furthermore,a family history of thyrotoxicosis was the only autoimmune disease8)studied that was associated with a lower risk of autism9) spectrum disorder.The study was published in the August Pediatrics and was funded by10)grants from the U.S.National Institute of Mental Health and the Aarhus University Research Foundation in Denmark.TEXT A1)His ambiguous directions confused us:we did not know which of the two roads to take.2)For this reason,I believe that this article should be subject to much more scrutiny.3)Greed has deadened him to what other people are suffering.4)Objectivism and subjectivism has the similar main points with that of metaphysical history.5)So long as he was willing to pay the charges,then he would be in compliance with the law.6)He said he was on the verge of an evolutionary breakthrough.7)For most people,few things evoke fear like the image of a great white shark.8)“Cruelty”means any infliction of unnecessary pain or distress on an animal whether by deliberate act or neglect.9)In statistics alone,Katrina was one of the worst disasters to befall the United States.10)Evil cannot be defeated overnight,but constant vigilance can keep it at bay,unable to harm us here at home.1.Once the robot can________facial expressions in a social context,the researchers plan to use him in an“automatic tutoring”experiment.download copy practice mimic2.________is a substance which delays or prevents a chemical reaction.Pigment Anesthetics Catalyst Inhibitor3.Underground mining can cause the surface________,and in turn induce the additional stress in the buildings in the mining area.deformation reformation transformation information4.The truth will be undeniable as all that we reveal can be supported by________ evidence.refutable irrefutable ambiguous unambiguous5.Foods with a low-glycemic are absorbed more slowly thus keeping________levels more stable.lipid pressure insulin fat6.Any break in the skin,even a________,provides an opening for dangerous germs.drop sip pinprick clip7.The energy possessed by an object by virtue of its motion is called________energy, or energy of motion.aerobic anaerobic kinetic surviving8.Disneyland is nothing but a hyper-real________of a theme park as if it were a small town.simulation stimulation decoration duplicationUnit8TEXT A1)The altruistic behaviors should be advocated and the egoism should be eliminated.2)The main form of blood donation in this country is to remunerate individuals for their donation.3)A taxi driver,exhausted after driving for more than18hours,crashed into a tricart and the man riding the tri-cart died after emergency treatment failed to resuscitate him.4)The famous pianist together with his concert at the Forbidden City Concert Hall gratified local classical fans.5)Monetary incentive is the most important factor in encouraging citizens’blood donation in many countries.6)After the heated discussion for the whole day his brilliant ideas were incorporated into the project at last.7)With the specially designed keyboard for blind people,users can put information into the computer,and software helps________the online words________voice information.convert to(直接按方框中显示的单词或词组填写即可)8)When making a plan,you should take account of each possibility as possible as you can in case of any unexpected mistake or occasion.9)It is common sense that we should omit superfluous words in writing telegrams so as to save money.10)Undoubtedly,sometimes parents’remarks place intangible pressure on children, even do harm to their mental health.TEXT B1.________activation is thought to be an important risk factor in blood clotting.Erythrocyte Plasma Leukocyte Platelet2.________is the loss of blood from a ruptured blood vessel,either internally or externally.Hepatitis Hemorrhage Hemophilia Leukemia3.I’m going to send for a special nurse,as the_______drip will run out soon.intravenous subcutaneous hypodermis infrasonic4.In an address today he said he still opposes the________cuts in green house gases encouraged by European nations.directed necessary arbitrary mandatory5.At last things appeared to be going on well,and if no________occurred,Herbert’s recovery might be regarded as certain.compensation compliment complement complication6.The beautiful girlfriend of his father may probably be the gift from God,to make up for the________love he never had.paternal maternal fraternal sororal7.Furthermore,showing the new staff around the premises will give them a sense of being valued,which will result in________.retention retirement recruit rehabilitation8.Recently one of the greatest IT companies underwent a________drive with a criterion that males are not allowed.retention retirement recruit rehabilitation9.When a loved one dies,the death becomes an emotional________and coping with it takes a great length of time.trauma scar cure heal10.The marked________among different age groups,he adds,is something of a mystery.displacement disparity dissemination disformationTEXT A1)Sacrificing nature for money would one day take its toll.2)As those costs inevitably swell,they will apply even more pressure to state budgets.3)But with exams looming,he decided he needed to focus more on his studies.4)Consider the scenario where a website allows you to use the functions of a partner website,but the partner site is not allowed to know who you are.5)As an anchor of the family,the father had to toil from early morning to late night.6)What may appear ahead may confuse and bewilder those who do not choose to see through it.7)Resources have irreplaceable function on the prosperity and development of this kind of city,but the exhaustion with resources,this kind of city faces severe challenge of existence and development.8)One implication is that every effort should be made to stop the growth of these unsustainable cities and gradually to reduce their size.There are two1)major schools of thought on2)personality development with one3) hypothesizing a relatively stable personality and the other holding a characterized4) plasticity or change in personality.Generally speaking,basic personality5)traits remain relatively6)consistent throughout one’s adult life according to previous studies;however,recent7)longitudinal studies suggest that absolute stability has been 8)overestimated,because there exists a decline of neuroticism and extroversion while an increase of agreeableness and9)conscientiousness.Besides,relatively10) predictable shifts may occur in other aspects of a person’s personality.An increased11) interiority is an example.A second domain concerns12)gender role identity.Any attempt to identify13)predictable personality changes in later life should note that longitudinal studies have found that adults tend to exhibit greater14)inter-individual differences as they grow older.And15)diseases can cause changes in personality which can be corrected with medical method.TEXT A1)People who are depressed often feel numb to events around them and don’t derive pleasure from experiences that they once found enjoyable.Such an absence or suppression of emotion,feeling,concern or passion is called G2)People with Alzheimer’s disease may become I or aggressive as the disease gets worse,who tend to feel stirred up,confused and irritable.3)People who live in places with long winter are at high risk of developing seasonal affective disorder(SAD),symptoms of which are often the same as other forms of depression,such as A movements,social withdrawal.4)While some people secretly plan and then commit suicide,most people exhibit one or more signs indicating the seriousness of their depression.If signs of a(n)F suicide coupled with recent losses can be noticed,depression can be treated through therapy as well as medications.5)A medical center has been B in flames in a suspicious fire within a short time which caused about$300,000damage.6)Every year,many young people sit exams and whether they love or E them,most of them will face some anxiety in the lead up to the big day.7)Have you ever snapped angrily at someone when you were hungry?If so,you’ve experienced“hangry”—the phenomenon whereby some people get J andshort-tempered when they’re overdue for a feed.8)Both alcohol and guns are significant social determinants of D,either considered independently or in combination,and it is important to call for stronger alcohol policies,including taxes and sales restrictions to help curb these critical problems.9)Mental H is not just your ability to bounce back,but also your capacity to adapt in the face of challenging circumstances,which help you deal with pressure and reduce the impact the stress has on your life.10)Medical students in the UK are facing C financial outlook.It is reported increased tuition fees,in addition to existing financial problems,are raising concerns overlong-term debt for the current intake of medical students.TEXT B1.We should not_______us to single subject,but should endeavor to expand our academic vision,widen thinking and promote philosophical cultivation.limit confine restrict restrain2.Children’s_______of extinction because of our destruction of their behavior should be discouraged because such behaviors may cause damage to objects or harm people or animals.aggressive enterprising aspiring ambitious3.When he realized that he couldn’t meet the deadline,he got into a_______.terror intimidation panic scare4.No matter how rich a person is or where he stays,evading feeling of negativity and depression is near pared to anti-depressant pills,_______works better and has no adverse effects.medication negotiation meditation mediation5.It is_______that we do more to address growing health disparities for women of color.Doing so is a priority for me as U.S.Senator.imperative comprehensible imminent eminent6.Many species are in_______natural habitat.hazard venture risk peril7.If you are feeling hungry,you will probably sit down at the first available opportunity to have something to eat.In some cases you may feel hungry even after a meal and not know why.It is even possible that you are hungrier after eating than before.But what brings about this______sensation sentiment emotion affection8.As the leading cause of early death among black Americans,homicide_______ black communities.Yet killing gets a disproportionately low share of federal research funding.damages disrupts devastates infringes9.Sleeping in a cold room or sleeping with the neck in an abnormal position may trigger a(n)_______headache because neck and scalp muscles contract.stress tension pressure strain10.Vascular occlusion is a(n)_______of a blood vessel,usually with a clot.When it occurs in a major vein,it can,in some cases,cause deep vein thrombosis.oppression occupation suffocation blockage。
怎样处理医生与病人的关系英语作文
怎样处理医生与病人的关系英语作文英文回答：The doctor-patient relationship is a complex one, involving a unique blend of trust, vulnerability, and power dynamics. It is essential for both parties to understand the nature of this relationship in order to ensure optimal health outcomes and patient satisfaction.Trust is a cornerstone of the doctor-patient relationship. Patients need to trust that their doctors are competent, caring, and acting in their best interests. Doctors, in turn, need to earn this trust by being honest, transparent, and respectful of their patients' autonomy.Vulnerability is another key aspect of the doctor-patient relationship. Patients often share highly personal information with their doctors, and they need to feel safe and comfortable doing so. Doctors have a responsibility to maintain patient confidentiality and to treat patients withdignity and respect.Power dynamics are inherent in the doctor-patient relationship. Doctors have a certain degree of power over their patients, by virtue of their medical knowledge and expertise. It is important for doctors to use this power responsibly and to always act in the best interests of their patients.The doctor-patient relationship is a dynamic one, and it is constantly evolving. As patients' needs change over time, so too must the relationship between them and their doctors. It is important for both parties to be open to communication and to work together to build a strong and trusting relationship.中文回答：医生与病人的关系。
医患关系主题的英语作文范文(1)
医患关系主题的英语作文范文(1)The Importance of Doctor-Patient RelationshipIn recent years, the relationship between doctors andpatients has become increasingly complicated. The deteriorating doctor-patient relationship has become a hot topic of discussion in society. To address this issue, it's important to analyze why the doctor-patient relationship has reached such a critical point, and how to improve it.Firstly, the reasons for the current doctor-patient relationship include the lack of trust between the two parties. Patients don't fully understand the medical treatment they are receiving, which leads to confusion and distrust. On the other hand, doctors fail to communicate clearly with patients and provide accurate and impartial medical advice. Moreover, some doctors may overcharge their patients for treatments they don't need, which is a significant factor that exacerbates the problem.To improve the doctor-patient relationship, both doctors and patients need to take action. Doctors should be more empathetic when communicating with patients and provide clear and impartial medical advice. They should also be transparent about medical costs and explain clearly what each treatmentis for. Patients should try to understand medical knowledge and follow the doctor's advice. They should also avoidblindly trusting doctors and investigate their medicaltreatment information as necessary.In addition, the government should also take measures to regulate the medical industry effectively. The government can introduce laws and regulations to crack down on fraudulent medical practices and better protect patients' rights and interests. Moreover, the government can establish a fair and efficient monitoring and evaluation system to ensure the quality of health care services.In conclusion, the doctor-patient relationship plays acrucial role in medical treatment. It is essential to establish trust between the two parties to improve medical outcomes. Doctors should be more transparent, impartial, and empathetic when communicating with patients. Patients should trust their doctors rationally and understand medical treatments. Furthermore, the government should take effective measures to regulate the medical industry and safeguard the interests of patients. Only by working together can we establish a sound doctor-patient relationship that supports better medical treatment outcomes.。
医学研究生英语翻译写作整理
Chaper6 在以往一些时期里，国内的医患关系一直不尽如人意，甚至有些紧张。医学知识的 迅速膨胀，使患者在医学方面愈加见多识广，对医生要求也更高。In the past periods of time in China, the doctor-patient relationship has been far from being satisfactory, or even got a bit
自我更新对医学专业人员更为重要。当代医学的新发现、新成果、新理论不断涌现，使他们 以前所学的很多东西变得过时。Self-renewal is more important for medical professionals. New findings, new research outcomes and new theories in contemporary medicine keep coming out, making what they learned before obsolete.
虽然安慰剂只不过是无害的模仿药，不具有什么药理性质，但大量的研究证据表明，它在医 师治疗一些患者过程中不仅仅起到心理助手作用，还作为真正的治疗制剂，用来改变体内的 化学变化，帮助调动体内的免疫系统同不适和疾病作斗争。Although a placebo is nothing more than an innocuous imitation medicine and has no pharmacological properties, substantial research evidence suggests that it acts not just as a physician’s psychological prop in the treatment of certain patients, but as an authentic therapeutic agent for altering chemical changes in the body and for helping to mobilize the body’s defenses in combating disorder or disease.
新概念英语第四册选择题：Patientsanddoctors
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今天小编给大家带来新概念英语第四册选择题,希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
新概念英语第四册选择题：Patients and doctorsMultiple choice questions多项选择题Choose the correct answers to the following questions.Comprehension理解1，Patients only feel that they have been adequately treated if they ____.a.have some remedy they can take home with themb.are confident in the curative properties of a bottle of medicinec.can attend the medical out-patients departments of hospitalsd.see that the state spends more and more money on drugs2，Because doctors are always working under pressure, they ____.a.are not happy about handing out remediesb.feel morally bound to advise patients about diet and right livingc.are sceptical about the curative powers of medicined.are inclined to give patients what they are asking for3，Even educated people can be misled into believing ____.a.that doctors know bestb.you can't be cured by a bottle of medicinec.that a remedy that will cure one illness is also good for anotherd.they are experts in medical matters4，What patients are looking for is____.a.finding out what is really wrong with themb.getting out of a doctor's surgery as quickly as possiblec.imposing their will on doctorsd.having remedies which don't inconvenience them in any wayStructureStructure 句型1，____patients attending the medical out-patients departments ... (1.5)a.Mostb.The mostc.Majorityd.Majority of2，They only feel they have received adequate treatment ____they are able to carry home a tangible remedy. (I1.5-6)a.in caseb.whenc.untild.unless3，____most medical men are overworked, -(11.9-10)a.Thereforeb.As a resultc.Becaused.On account4，It is ____the ignorant person who has such faith in medicine. (1.13)a.not onlyb.bothc.neitherd.norVocabulary 词汇1，Our confidence in the curative ____of the bottle of medicine remains. (1.2)a.substanceb.possessionsc.contentsd.qualities2，The annual drugs bill shows no ____of ceasing to rise. (11.3-4)a.indicationb.signalsc.signpostsd.directions3，Patients want a remedy they can ____. (1.6)a.drinkb.hold in their handsc.carryd.eat4，There is no quicker method of getting____ patients. (1.8)a.on withb.away fromc.throughd.rid of新概念英语第四册选择题：The ‘Vasa’Multiple choice questions 多项选择题Choose the correct answers to the following questions. Comprehension 理解1，The loss of the Vasa ____.a.was discovered in 1956b.had been known for centuriesc.played a leading role in the growing might of Swedend.increased the King's reputation as ‘The Northern Hurricane’2，At the launch of the Vasa ____.a.it must have been immediately obvious she was going to sinkb.everyone in Stockholm was depressed by the eventc.the people of Stockholm must have been very impressed by the spectacled.the sailors knew they had been right to be superstitious3，The Vasa listed to one side because ____.a.no one could see anything as a result of the gun smokeb.all the cannons of the anchored warships thundered a salutec.all gun ports were opend.the cannon made one side of the ship too heavy4，Once ____, it was impossible to prevent the Vasa from sinking.a.the wind freshenedb.the sound of rumbling thunder was heardc.the port-holes were no longer above the surfaced.the Ordnance Officer ordered all the port cannon to be moved to starboard Structure 句型1，How long has the Vasa _____at the bottom of Stockholm harbour? (1.2)a.liedidind.lying2，First they ____. Then they produced this floating work of art. (1.10)bouredb.had labourec.were labouringd.are labouring3，The cannons thundered a salute which the Vasa replied ____. (1.15)a.atb.formc.tod.in4，The mighty Vasa sank in the harbour where she ____.a.was borneb.bornc.was bornd.has borneVocabulary 词汇1，This must be one of the strangest ____of the sea.a.mysteriesb.tailsc.storeysd.stories2，She was intended to play a leading role in the growing ____of Sweden. (1.7)a.abilityb.forcesc.expectationsd.power3，As she prepared for her maiden voyage, Stockholm was ____. (1.8)a.churningb.boilingc.fermentingd.in a state of high excitement4，The Ordnance Officer ordered all the port cannon to be ____to starboard. (1.21)a.pulledb.droppedc.liftedd.thrown新概念英语第四册选择题：The past life of the earthMultiple choice questions多项选择题Choose the correct answers to the following questions.Comprehension理解1，The remains of life forms can only survive intact if they are ____.a.in seas and riversb.under the groundc.covered up quickly in the right conditionsd.preserved near water2，Inland conditions ensure that the preservation of life forms ____.a.is quite commonb.is relatively rarec.occurs where there are great numbers of speciesd.is always possible in favourable circumstances3，Unusual circumstances for the preservation of life forms can be provided by ____.a.mammothsb.crevassesc.freezing conditionsd.fir trees4，Animals were trapped in tar because they ____.a.wanted to drink the tarb.were deceived by the appearance of the pitsc.were extremely heavyd.were chasing birdsStructure句型1，The remains of plants are ____more rarely preserved. (11.8-9)a.farb.veryc.quited.many2，There is ____anything to cover them over. (1.9)a.eveb.neverc.rarelyd.hardly3，It is almost always ____special circumstances that traces of land animals survive.(1.13)a.as a resultb.owingc.on accountd.because of4，In his mouth were the remains of fir trees----the last meal he____ before he fell.(1.17)a.was eatenb.is eatingc.has eatend.ateVocabulary词汇1，When you think of the ____birds that one sees ... (11.9-10)a.countlessb.uncountablec.uncountedd.unnumbered2，They____ and are quickly destroyed by the weather. (11.11-12)a.dieb.decayc.fall awayd.are buried3，____what happened was that … (1.20)a.It seems thatb.It looksc.He appearsd.It shows4，They were____ bogged in the tar. (1.21)a.apparentlyb.finallyc.quicklyd.eventually新概念英语第四册选择题：BeautyMultiple choice questions 多项选择题Choose the correct answers to the following questions. Comprehension 理解1，When we have an intense experience of beauty we______.a.are tempted to believe it has some kind of meaningb.want to express the emotion it arouses in usc.know that it comes from a different realm of existenced.are open to suggestions2，According to the writer, languagea.is not powerful enough to describe other-worldly experiencesb.always conveys meaningc.can convey beauty and serenityd.has only got one use3，______can suggest a world beyond.a.All forms of art and Natureb.Only Naturec.Not only Natured.Only great art4，The writer implies that we would all like to ______.a.explain the meaning of lifeb.explain the meaning of beautyc.have an explanation of the meaning of lifed.express the inexpressibleStructure 句型1，A young man sees a sunset and because he______ understand…(1.1)a.is enabled tob.can'tc.is incapable tod.hasn't potential to2，We are catching a glimpse of a light______ down to us…(11.2-3)a.which shiningb.that it shinesc.shiningd.to shine3，And, though the gleams blind and dazzle, they______ convey a hint of beauty.(1.5)a.stillb.evenc.up to this timed.always4，If life ______a vulgar flare…(1.12)a.hasn'tb.doesn'tc.will not bed.isn'tVocabulary词汇1，A young man is unable to express the emotion it ______ in him. (1.1)a.is risenb.raisesc.arisesd.awakens2，It's difficult to resist the suggestion that we are ______ a light…(11.2-3)a.briefly seeingb.viewingc.examiningd.experiencing3，In passing it leaves an indefinable ______ and regret. (11.10-11)a.griefb.sadnessc.desired.sorrow4，Nor should we invest with ______ that which we cannot grasp. (11.15-16)a.explanationb.forcec.powerd.meaning新概念英语第四册选择题：Patients and doctors。
ai在医学检验领域的应用英语作文
ai在医学检验领域的应用英语作文AI is really cool in the medical test area.There is a small hospital in my town. Before, when people got sick and needed tests, it took a long time. The doctors had to look at samples very carefully by themselves. But now, AI helps a lot. For example, when looking at blood samples, AI can quickly find if there are any bad things in the blood. It's like a super - smart little helper.One day, a little boy was not feeling well. He went to the hospital for a blood test. The old way might have made him wait for hours to know the result. But with AI, in just a short time, the doctors knew what was wrong with him. The boy could start getting treatment right away. AI makes medical tests faster and more accurate. It's like a magic power in the hospital, helping everyone get better care.AI is doing amazing things in medical testing.I heard a story about a big hospital in the city. In the past, when they were doing tests for cancer, it was so hard. The doctors had to study the cells under the microscope for a very long time. But then, AI came.Imagine AI as a super detective. When a patient's tissue sample comes, AI can scan it really fast. Just like it has a pair of super eyes. There was an old lady. She was worried she might have cancer. She had a test. The AI - assisted test found out very quickly that she didn't have cancer. She was so happy. She said it was like a miracle.AI in medical testing is like a warm - hearted friend. It doesn't get tired and can work all the time. It helps doctors find problems earlier andmakes patients feel less worried. It's changing the way medical tests are done and making the hospital a more hopeful place.AI is making big changes in medical test fields.My aunt is a nurse. She told me about how things have changed in her hospital. Before, when they were testing for infections, it was a long and tiring process. Doctors had to do lots of steps to figure out what kind of germ was making people sick.Now, AI is here to help. It's like a clever little elf. For instance, when a patient has a cough and they need to know if it's a bad infection, AI can look at the sample from the patient's throat. There was a littlegirl who had a very bad cough. The doctors used the AI - based test. It quickly showed what kind of virus was making her sick. Then the doctors could give her the right medicine.AI in medical testing is like a bright star. It shines in the hospital, making the medical tests easier and more reliable. It gives patients and doctors more confidence. It's a wonderful thing that is making people healthier and happier.。
医生的职责和使命英语作文
医生的职责和使命英语作文【中英文实用版】The duties and mission of a doctor encompass a wide array of responsibilities, stretching beyond the mere act of treating illnesses.It is a vocation that embodies compassion, dedication, and a relentless pursuit of knowledge.Doctors are entrusted with the well-being of their patients, and it is their sacred duty to alleviate suffering and promote health.医生的职责和使命远不止于治疗疾病。
这个职业包含了同情心、奉献精神以及对知识的不断追求。
医生们肩负着患者的健康，他们的神圣使命是减轻痛苦、促进健康。
In the realm of clinical practice, a doctor must adhere to the highest standards of medical care, employing evidence-based practices and staying abreast of the latest medical advancements.They must listen attentively to their patients, diagnose accurately, and prescribe effective treatments, always prioritizing the patient"s best interests.在临床实践中，医生必须遵循最高的医疗护理标准，运用基于证据的实践方法，并紧跟最新的医学进展。
解决医患纠纷的英文作文
解决医患纠纷的英文作文英文：As a healthcare professional, I understand the importance of addressing and resolving medical disputes between patients and doctors. Medical disputes can arisedue to various reasons such as miscommunication, negligence, and dissatisfaction with treatment outcomes. It is crucialto handle these disputes with empathy, compassion, and professionalism to maintain the trust between patients and healthcare providers.One effective approach to resolving medical disputes is through mediation. Mediation is a process in which aneutral third party facilitates communication between the patient and doctor to find a mutually acceptable solution. This approach allows both parties to express their concerns and perspectives in a safe and structured environment. Mediation can also help to prevent the escalation ofconflicts and avoid costly legal proceedings.Another way to prevent medical disputes is to improve communication between patients and doctors. Patients should be encouraged to ask questions and express their concerns about their health and treatment. Doctors should take the time to listen and explain medical terms and procedures in a way that patients can understand. Effective communication can help to build trust and prevent misunderstandings that can lead to disputes.In addition, healthcare providers should implement policies and procedures that prioritize patient safety and satisfaction. This includes providing adequate training and resources for healthcare professionals, ensuring proper documentation and record-keeping, and conducting regular quality assessments. By prioritizing patient safety and satisfaction, healthcare providers can minimize the risk of medical disputes and improve the overall quality of care.中文：作为一名医疗保健专业人士，我理解解决患者和医生之间的医疗争议的重要性。
英语阅读关于patients和doctors second
英语阅读关于patients和doctors secondPatients and doctors alike have long believed in the healing(治疗)power of humor．It is claimed that humor not only affects patients’ moods, but can actually help them recover faster．Several studies seem to support this．Patients in better spirits are known to have higher immune cell counts．Some have even claimed to have healed themselves of serious illnesses by reading comics and watching comedies．Despite all this, many researchers are not convinced．They point out the fact that many sufferings have been known to disappear naturally, with or without a daily dose of laughter．They also say that while optimism in general does seem to be related to better health, it is hard to tell which comes first．Humor in times of stress, however, clearly makes us feel better．On one level, it takes our minds off our troubles and relaxes us．On another, it releases powerful endorphins, a chemical produced by your body that reduces pain．There are cases where the appreciation of a good joke is indeed directly related to a person’s health．It can show, for example, whether a person has suffered damage to one particulararea of the brain：the right frontal lobe(额叶)．Scientists confirmed this by having people read jokes and asking them to choose the funniest endings from a list．Subjects with normal brains usually chose endings that were based on a relatively complex synthesis(综合)of ideas．Subjects with specifically located brain damage, however, responded only to slapstick(闹剧)endings, which did not depend on a particular context．When pressed, the brain-damaged subjects saw the logic in the correct endings．They simply did not find them funny．Of course, humor is largely an individual matter．Next time your friend does not get one of your jokes, there is no need to accuse him of being a lamebrain．However, you might suggest that he lighten up－for the health of it．(1)We can infer from the passage that ________．[ ]A．all researchers have agreed on the healing power of humor B．people seldom accuse their friends of not understanding jokesC．the author holds a positive attitude to the healing powerof humorD．reading comics will surely become a popular way of treating diseases(2)Which of the following statements is NOT true?[ ]A．Many researchers are not convinced of the healing power of humor．B．Patients in bad moods are known to have higher immune cell counts．C．Optimism in general does seem to be related to better health．D．People should try their best to cheer up for their good health．(3)Scientists had some people read jokes and asked them to choose the funniest endings from a list to confirm that________．[ ]A．the brain-damaged people are different from those with normal brainsB．a person with a normal brain usually responds to slapstick endingsC．a person suffering certain brain damage doesn’t appreciate a good jokeD．humor takes our minds off our troubles by releasing powerful endorphins(4)Which would be the best title for the passage?[ ]A．Which comes first, humor or health?B．Humor can cure different illnessesC．People need humor in times of stressD．Humor contributes to good health答案：1．C;2．B;3．C;4．D;。
医学英语文章
医学英语文章健康应该是人类一生追求的目标,身体健康素质的构成因素与健康有密切的关系。
下面是店铺带来的医学英语文章，欢迎阅读!医学英语文章1精神身体医学好好反省一下吧Science and technology科学技术Psychosomatic medicine精神身体医学Think yourself well好好反省一下吧You can. But it helps to think well of yourself in the first place 你可以的。
只是它会首先帮你好好反省一下自己。
THE link between mind and body is terrain into which many medical researchers, fearingridicule, dare not tread.大脑与身体之间存在着千丝万缕的联系，但是，因为怕被嘲笑，很多医学研究人员不敢涉足这块领域。
But perhaps more should do so.但是，可能应该有更多人来研究它。
For centuries, doctors have recognised the placebo effect, in which the illusion oftreatment, such as pills without an active ingredient, produces real medical benefits.数个世纪以来，医生们已经认识到了安慰剂的效力，其实是一种错觉治疗达到了真正的药物效应，比如没有实际疗效的药丸等。
More recently, respectable research has demonstrated that those who frequently experiencepositive emotions live longer and healthier lives.最近以来，相当受重视的研究表明，那些经常以积极的态度生活的人活得更长久，而且更健康。
英语作文医患关系
In recent years, the tense relationship between doctors and patients has caused extensive concern. As one important component of the social system. Physician-patients relationship playsa guiding and fundamental role in creating a harmonious healthcare environment. But the gapbetween the two groups is increasing and the disharmony between them happens regularly.With the improvement of living standards, people pay more and more attention to their body health. They think their body health is the most important thing, so when they go to hospital they will become very sensitive. But hospitals can’t do everything and not all patients can be cured well. Thus, the arguments between patients and doctors won ’t be voided. Why the relationship between doctors and patients has become more and more unavoidable? I think ithas four causes. Firstly, the doctors and patients often lack good communication. Some doctors ’attitude is so bad that it makes patients uncomfortable. Secondly, patients always think the hospital charge high fees. The doctors always let them to do some examinations, which are not necessary. There is lack of trust between patients and doctors. Thirdly, when a patient died in the hospital , the family members would gather in or outside the hospital to ask much more compensation. However, the hospital didn ’twant to pay that it. Finally, there is no denying thatsome doctors professional’ skills is very poor, and let patients do some unnecessary examinationto earn more money. So these are cause the relationship between doctors and patients become more and more tense.How shall we build good human relationship between doctors and patients? The government should increase investment in public health. Doctors and patients should follow the object law of medical science. Medicine can ’tdo everything. The most important is the doctors and patients should trust each other. So as a medical student, I wish the relationship between doctors and patients will become more and more harmonious.。
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医学补充阅读：Patients and Doctors Need More
in a bma report launched today, 14 june 2005, doctors are calling for education programmes for health professionals and patients about available over-the-counter (otc) medicines.
over-the-counter medication is being launched by the
bma's (british medical association's) board of science and is aimed at health professionals and policy makers.
the self-management of medical conditions and long-term self-treatment to prevent ill health is likely to be more extensive in the future. it is essential, therefore, says the report that patients and doctors understand both the benefits and risks of otc medicines. otc medication enables people to take responsibility for their own health and reduces their need to see doctors about minor conditions.
increased switching from prescription only medicines (pom) to pharmacy medicines (p) has meant that the public can self-treat more conditions than ever before but highlights
the key role of pharmacists as well as the need for education.
risks as well as benefits can be associated with otc medicines and the new bma report says the public needs to be made aware of this. there can be potentially dangerous consequences from combining otc medicines and some
prescription only drugs. the herbal drug, st john's wort, has adverse effects on some commonly prescribed medicines, for example, blood thinning drugs like warfarin, the
contraceptive pill, and some anti-depressants. pharmacists can advise on this.。