清华大学考博历年真题常用词汇集锦
清华考博作文训练：地道短语用法助力英语写作高分
社会发展类1：1.in the midst of transformation处于转型期可以用来替代中国学生特别喜欢的with the development of…2.as international contacts multiply国际交流日益频繁multiply 用的很好，可以用来替代more and more3.growing demand for对于…的需求越来越多growing 用的很好，也可以改用2中的multiplying4.with the emergence of随着…的出现代替… appear的老套句子5.in a rapid changing China在快速发展的中国China changing with each passing day日新月异的中国6.just around the corner即将；迫在眉睫用来替代be going to happen 类的句子。
根据语境，可以解释为无感情的即将的意思；也可以解释为略有压力感的迫在眉睫的意思。
7.reach an unprecedented height达到前所未有的高度unprecedented 用的很地道，这个词较难，这个词组也很好用，比如：社会的发展到达前所未有的高度；双方的交流达到前所未有的高度（越来越深入）8.in the context of在…的背景下用来替代under the background of 等词组9.ever-increasing持续增长的在increasing 前加上了ever，表示一种持续的状态10.be valued for受到重视可以用来替代arouse one’s attention11.play a critical role of扮演重要的角色用critical来替代老套的improtant12.effective and successful communication有效的交流实际上successful是effective的一个赘述，但这里用这两个形容词来修饰communication，增加了词组的可读性13.across the linguistic and cultural divide跨越语言和文化的障碍对障碍的第一反应一般是gap，这里给出了divide，较为地道14.ensure/guarantee确保用来替代老套的make sure…15.in a rapidly maturing and diversifying market日益成熟和多样化的市场和12中的两个修饰词一样，增加了短语的可读性社会发展类21.tighten its regulatory standards提高管理标准2.stiffen its inspection program严格检查计划3.modify its enforcement policies强化执行政策1、2、3是套话类的词组，可以用于“建议类写作”的结尾部分，总能套上的，可以熟悉一下用法4.turn to less hazardous alternatives采用危险较小的做法可以用turn to 来替代大众使用的use；hazardous用来替代dangerous；alternatives 用来替代other choices5.drag one’s feet办事拖沓/拖拉此用法非常形象生动，类似形象的用法还有cool one’s heels，歇歇脚6.extend the life/ lifespan of延长…的寿命用extended来替代经常使用的动词longer7.be all-in全力以赴这种用法较为少见和地道8.be fully engaged in…全神贯注/全身心投入也可以和7互换使用，只是略有差别9.meet the priorities完成首要任务10.sb. have a rising/ soaring need forsb. increasingly demand for更多的要求两种用法任君挑选，soaring还可以用于形容物价，如the soari ng price of…11.in a tough situation处境困难用来替代meet/ confront with a lot of difficulties12.approach the issue处理问题用来替代老套的deal with a lot of problems13.counter the rise of应对…的崛起用来替代meet the challenge of14.a watershed moment转折时刻watershed原意为分水岭，这里的用法很形象，用来替代陈旧的important15.a landmark speech标志性的演讲landmark 为标志性的意思，与milestone相类似；与14中的watershed有异曲同工之妙（注：文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，供参考。
清华大学考博英语真题复习备考重点词汇汇总
清华大学考博英语真题复习备考重点词汇汇总make a/the difference有影响，很重要carry/bring into effect使生效，使起作用put into effect实行，生效come/go into effect生效，实施take effect生效，起作用catch one’s eye引人注目keep an eye on留意，照看make faces做鬼脸find fault埋怨，挑剔catch fire着火需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。
come/go into force生效，实施make friends交朋友，友好相处be friends with对……友好，与……交上朋友make fun of取笑，嘲弄keep one’s head保持镇静lose one’s head不知所措lose heart丧失勇气，失去信心get/learn by heart记住，背诵get hold of抓住，掌握keep house管理家务，做家务throw/cast light on使明白，阐明bear/keep in mind记住have in mind记住，考虑到，想到make up one’s mind下决心come/go into operation使投入生产，使运转put in order整理，检修keep/hold pace with跟上，与……同步play a part起作用take place发生，进行take the place of代替come to the point说到要点，扼要地说bring/carry into practice实施，实行make progress进步，进展give rise to引起，使发生make sense讲得通，有意义catch the sight of发现，突然看见(go)on the stage当演员take one’s time不急不忙，从容进行keep in touch保持联系keep track通晓事态，注意动向lose track失去联系make use of利用put to use使用，利用give way让路，让步lead the way带路，引路make one’s way前进，进行make way让路，开路keep one’s word遵守诺言act on作用appeal to呼吁，要求attempt at企图，努力attitude to/towards态度，看法a great/good deal of大量(的)，许多(的) influence on影响interference in干涉interference with妨碍，打扰introduce to介绍a lot(of)许多(的)，大量(的)lots of大量，很多fall in love with相爱，爱上a matter of(关于……)的问题a number of若干，许多reply to回答，答复a series of一系列，一连串其他固定搭配trolley bus无轨电车I.D.card身份证credit card信用卡no doubt无疑，必定next door隔壁out of doors在户外face to face面对面地as a matter of fact实际情况，真相a few有些，几个quite a few还不少，有相当数目的a little一点，稍微，一些，少许little by little逐渐地quite a little相当多，不少no matter无论the moment(that)一……就no more不再fair play公平竞赛;公平对待in demand有需要，销路好rest room厕所，盥洗室primary school小学side by side肩并肩，一个挨一个heart and soul全心全意step by step逐步ahead of time提前all the time一直，始终once upon a time从前once in a while偶尔，有时no wonder难怪，怪不得word for word逐字地decline with thanks婉言谢绝本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
清华大学考博英语必备核心词汇
清华大学考博英语必备核心词汇大多数院校在研究生入学考试复试阶段会考察初试中未考察到的考生英语听力能力，其中很大一部分院校会采用大学英语六级听力试题或雅思和旧托福的听力试题进行测试，这些试题中都会涉及到对话，这就要求考生对常考对话中的高频词汇熟练掌握，在本文中我们为大家总结了最常考的学校、工作和银行场景词汇，希望大家熟记背诵。
需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。
一、学校场景1、课程major---专业course---课程intensive course---集训课程distance education units远程教育课程course duration---课程时长lecture---讲座、大课tutorial---小课session---学期timetable---课表a timetable clash---时间冲突credit points---学分core subjects---核心课程elective/optional/selective subject---选修课mandatorysubject---必修课syllabus---教学大纲textbook---课本lecture notes---讲义internship---实习practicum---实践课seminar---研讨会academic year---学年exemption---免修commencement date---开学日期2、申请application form---申请表applicant---申请人register---注册enrolment---登记Letter of Recommendation---推荐信Letter of Offer---录取通知Letter of Conditional Offer---有条件录取通知deadline---截止日期scholarship---奖学金orientation week---入学周3、考试和论文placement text—入学分级测试midterm exam---期中考试final exam---期末考试essay---小论文paper/thesis/dissertation---大论文supervisor---指导老师proposal---开题报告literature review---文献综述handouts---老师发给学生的印制讲义journal---周记extension---延期attendance rate---出勤率questionnaire---调查问卷hypothesis---假设plagiarism---剽窃assignment/task---作业qualification---资质case study---案例分析student number---学号academic record---成绩单4、图书馆information desk---问询处available---可借到reserve---预订due day---到期日renew---续借computing facilities---电脑设备study spaces---学习区student ID---学生证journal---期刊brochure/manual---手册overdue---超期fine---罚款index---索引category---分类catalogue---目录二、工作场景reception desk---前台resume/CV---简历cover letter---求职信fulltime job---全职工作part-time job---兼职工作casual job---临时工作interview---面试interviewer---面试官interviewee---面试者vacancy---空缺职位educational background---教育背景work experience---工作经历promotion---晋升labor contract---劳动合同quit---辞职certificate---证书三、银行场景savings account---储蓄账户credit account---信用账户checking account---支票账户deposit---存款withdraw---取款joint account---联名账户debit card---借记卡credit card---信用卡cheque book---支票簿interest rate---利率exchange rate---汇率NetBank---网银term deposit---定期存款mortgage---按揭home loan---住房贷款annual fee---年费interest-free repayment period---无息还款期credit limit---信贷限额traveler’s check---旅行支票cash cheque---现金支票personal loan---个人贷款transaction---转账branch---分行本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
清华大学考博英语
清华大学考博复习资料1．Abandon The match was abandoned because of bad weather.Ban /abolish /abort /cancel /cross out /wipe out /put off /delayDesert /forsake /leave /cease /depart /discard / relinquish /surrender /quit /withdraw /give up （24）*Abandon oneself to 沉湎于，放纵（感情）*ban sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事*Cancel sth out 抵消*Cross out 划掉，勾掉（错误的内容）Cross sb’s mind （注意、想法等）闪现，掠过Cross sth off 划掉，删去（已处理过或不再需要的东西）*wipe out 磨灭表示放弃、取消等意思的时候一定是ing形式Wipe sth down （用湿布）把（表面）擦干净Wipe sth up （用布）擦净*put up with 忍耐容忍（讨厌的人或事）Put up 建造（房屋）搭起（帐篷）；Put sth up 1、张贴（布告等）；2、抬高，提高（价格等）；3、出卖；Put sb up 为…提供食宿；Put sb up to 纵容，鼓动，教唆*Put out 熄灭；使不安，激怒；Put sth out 出版，发布；Put oneself out 自找麻烦put an end to = stop it 停止做某事put the blame on 归罪于put to death 处死put it right 改正put paid to 毁坏，破坏，结束Put sth about 散布（谣言等）Put sth across/over 解释，说明；清楚地表达自己的意思Put sth aside 1、把（某事）撇开不理，不考虑；2、（为特殊目的）而储蓄；3、放下（手里的活）；4、留出（一段时间）Put sth away 把…收起来；储存Put sb /sth down 1、一再当众批评（某人）；2、付（订金）；3、写下，记下；4、宰杀；5、镇压（革命、反叛等），击败；6、着陆；7、贬低羞辱；8、～as （没有充分根据就）认为（某人）是…；9、～for 把（某人）登记在参加者的名单上，登记注册；10、*～to把…归因于Put sth forth (树)长出叶子Put (sb./sth.) forward 1、提出（计划、建议等）；2、将…提前；3、向前拨；Put in 1、安装（设备）；2、花费（时间作某事）；3、插话；4、提交提出（要求）；5、选举；6、（船）进港；Put in for 提出正式要求Put into 把…加进加上；（船）进港*Put sb /sth off 1、推迟延期；2、搪塞，敷衍，推诿；3、阻止，劝阻；*Put sb off sth 阻止, 使气馁Put sb /sth on 1、穿上，戴上；2、打开（灯或电器装置）；3、播放；4、装出，假装；5、增加，提高；6、上演演出；7、提供；8、欺骗，哄骗；9、增加；Put (sb.) onto 提供关于…的信息Put through 把（电话）接通；Put sth through使（某人）做（不愉快或困难的事）；做成完成（一件工作）Put sb through 使经历，使经受*Put to 1、向…提问，向…提议；2、Put sb /sth to sth 使经受…考验；3、Put sb to sth 使处于…状态Put together 形成一个团体；合在一起；使构成整体Desert /forsake*Delay doing sth 推迟，延期leave over 剩下的，狼藉的样子；Leave sth to sb 教某人做某事leave off 忘记某人Leave sb/sth out 忽略，遗漏Leave it at that 到此为止Leave go/hold of 松开，放开Leave for 去哪里cease*depart from 背离，违反（惯例、传统等）*discard v. 扔掉，弃置*Surrender to sb /sth 投降、听任某物摆布get out：走出去；滚；get away with 胜利逃脱；做了（坏事）而未受惩罚Get away To escape （从犯罪现场）脱身bug outget through 1、to reach someone, esp. by telephone （尤指通过电话）与某人取得联系；2、to (cause to) be understand by sb. （使）某人理解；3、to(cause to) successfully to the end of （使）成功，（使）完成Get across To (cause to) be understand (esp. by a large group) （使）被理解（尤指一大群人）Get ahead To advance (beyond someone or sth) 前进，进步（超越某人或某事）Get along 1、Leave, move away 走开离开；2、go well 进展顺利进行；3、to continue (often in spite of difficult) （常指不顾困难）继续下去; 4、= get on 相处得好合得来Get around/round to find time 找到时间，有时间（做某事）Get back 1、To return, esp. go home 回去回家；2、重新掌权；3、～at someone 报复反击Get by To continue one’s way of life 度日，过活；to be good enough but not bad 尚好，过得去Get down 1、艰难咽下；2、写下，记下；3、（get sb. down）使紧张，使难过Get down to 开始认真对待Get in 1、到达，进入，进去（交通工具）；2、（get sb. in）请人（到家里）帮忙；3、插话；4、to take part in 参与Get into 同get in；(get sb. Into sth) 使…陷入困境up the creek；to learn or become accustomed to 学会，熟悉，习惯于Get off 离开；下（交通工具）；逃脱惩罚Get on 1、同get along；2、变迟，变老；3、继续（常指在中断之后）；4、取得成功；5、坐上，骑上；6、登上；Get on for（时间、年龄、距离等的）接近Get onto (无被动语态) 交谈，写信，联系，接触；查出识破某人的骗局；开始谈论，着手干Get out of 1、逃避责任；2、能够停止或摆脱；3、逼出；4、to gain from 从…得到Get over 完成，结束（一般指不愉快的事）；复原，恢复（健康、快乐等）；Get around 钻空子，利用…漏洞；说服某人Get together 集会，聚会；Get up 起床；（风，火等）增强，加剧；数量增大；Get up to 到达To reachbe given to 喜欢Give sb /sth away 1、赠送（礼物）颁发（奖品）；2、表露，流露；3、泄露（秘密）；4、（因做蠢事）丧失，丢失；5、（在婚礼上）将新娘交给新郎；Give sb Back sth 1、归还，恢复；2、使（某人）恢复（品质、能力和特点）Give in 1、屈服，让步；2、呈上，交上；Give of 献出（自身或某物）以帮助他人Give off 发出，放出（气体、气味等）Give out 分发；用完，用尽Give over 停止*Give up 放弃，停止；停止尝试；认为没救了；投案2．Abide We have to abide by the rules of the game. (Abide /observe /discover /adapt)Her fame will abide for sure. Last /endure / continue /persist /remain /stay (10)*Abide by遵守（法律）、信守（协议）*observe sb doing sth 看到，注意到discover*Adapt (+to) （使）适应，（使）适合Be well adapted to 特别适应Adapt (+for) 改造，改装*at (long) last 最终，终于endure / continue*persist in (doing) 坚持，执意*stay on （在通常的时间以后）继续留下工作（学习）3．You have to keep ______ with the times.Abreast up /catch up with /go along with /fit in with（4）Keep abreast of 了解…的最新情况*catch on 1、开始变得流行；2、理解，开始明白Catch sight of 一时见到，注意到catch (sb) out 1、使某人措手不及；2、发觉某人的错误catch sb doing 当场抓住*catch up 1、赶上拉平；2、～with 追上，超过；3、～on 补做（工作）；catch up in 被卷入，被牵涉Catch at 尽力抓住*Go off 1、爆炸，铃声大作；2、（机器）停止运转；3、进行得（成功或失败）；4、变质，（食物）变坏；5、go off (sb./sth.) 失去兴趣，不再喜欢；6、入睡，失去知觉；停止进行；*go off with 携…潜逃，带…私奔；Go about (sth.) 着手，开始工作；从事Go after (sb /sth) 追逐，追求；设法获得Go against (sb /sth) 1、违反，违背，反对；2、不利于；3、与…不符go ahead 1、开始，继续；2、先走Go along 继续；赞同，支持*Go along with 同意，赞成，支持Go around /round 1、经常做某事（尤指不赞成的事）；2、通常（穿着），习惯于；3、（疾病）传播，流行；4、（与某人一起）在公共场所露面；5、足够分配；6、转动，旋转Go at/for (sb.) 1、（无被动）袭击；2、攻击，打击；Go away 1、离开，走开；2、外出Go back 1、返回，回复；2、、追溯到Go back on (sth.) 食言，毁约Go by 1、过去，经过（时间或地点）；2、（无被动）依照…做，遵守；3、根据…做判断go by the name of 称为go down 1、下楼；2、（质量、标准等）下降，降低；3、下沉；4、消肿；5、被接受；被记录下来；6、到达，延伸到；7、往南去；8、输了（比赛），降级；9、（计算机）暂停运转，死机；10、（灯光）暗下来；11、～with 感染上（传染病）go far 有成就，成功；满足许多需要go too far 太过分Go for sb /sth 1、去参加某种活动2、攻击，抨击；3、争取得到；4、同Go at/for (sb.)；喜欢，被…吸引；5、同Go after (sb./sth.)；6、包括…在内，可适用于；7、出售Go in for (sth.) 1、参加，从事（技能、知识竞赛）；2、惯于，爱好Go into (sth.) 1、进入，加入（地方、职业等）；2、被用在…；3、详细解释；4、探究，彻底调查5、（汽车等）撞在…上；*Go on 1、继续下去；2、转而做另一件事；3、发生；4、以（某事）为根据（做出判断）5、（时间）过去；6、开始运转，使工作，实施；7、抱怨不停；喋喋不休；8、接近（年龄、时间等）go out 1、（为了娱乐）离家，出门，经常出外消遣；（去远方）旅行；2、交往，谈恋爱；3、（灯）熄灭；4、广播；5、出国；6、落潮，过时；7、公开，公布；8、对…充满同情；9、（时间）结束Go over (sth.) 1、走近；2、查看，仔细检查；3、重读，重看；4、转向，改变（信仰等）；5、转播；6、清除，打扫；Go through (sth.) 1、经受，经历，忍受；2、用光；3、通过，被接受；4、得到正式认可，被批准；5、磨破，穿破；6、练习，排练；7、仔细检查；8、从头到尾阅读Go through with (sth.) （常指艰难地）完成，做完Go to (sth.) 使经历；进入，开始经历（某一状态）go together （两件事物）互相协调，相配go under 下沉，沉没Go up 上升；被建造起来；炸毁，被烧毁*Go with (sth.) 1、与…相配，适合于；2、伴随，陪伴；3、同意，接受（看法）Go without (sth) 同do without; it goes without saying 不言而喻Fit in 1、（因为有共同的兴趣和爱好）被他人接受；2、fit sb /sth in 安排时间做某事（见某人）；3、*fit in with 使某事适合于4．Absorb He was absorbed in a book and didn't hear you call.Engage /occupy /bend over /involve /be busy with (6)*Be absorbed in 吸引（某人），使专心be absorbed into 并入，吞并absorption with/in 专注*Engage sb to do sth 安排雇用Engage in 参加，参与*be occupied with 忙于做某事*Bend the rules 通融Bend one’s mind /effort /thoughts to 专心致志于…，集中全力于…Bend over backwards (to do sth) 竭尽全力做某事*Involve doing sth 包含，包括，需要Involve sb in sth 要求（允许）参与*Be busy with 正在工作的，无空闲的Busy doing with 忙于做某事5．Abundant /rich The rivers and forests of the New World were abundant in fish and game.*An abundance of 丰富，充裕In abundance 充满了，丰富的Abundantly clear 显而易见*rich (+in) 富含…的；丰富的；6．access In many schools, students don't have sufficient access to the library.Way /approach /solution /answer / Accessible /available /handy /ready /convenient /obtainable /at hand (12)*Have access to 有权做某事*Stand in the way of = prevent 阻碍…实施Right of way 有权*be Under way = start 开始；在进行中*Get one’s own way 自行其是；随心所欲；为所欲为*Give way 退让；让步；屈服Have it both ways 左右逢源，见风使舵*In a way 某种方法，某一方面In no way 无论如何，决不In the way /in sb’s way 挡住去路，碍事*By the way 顺便By way of 当做，用作，作为*approach sb for 接洽，交涉Approach sb /sth about (doing) （同上）*Answer back 回嘴，反驳Answer for 对…负责；担保Answer to 对（某人）负责，对（某事，尤指错事）做出解释（antenna）*Come in handy 迟早有用*ready to do sth 准备好了做*convenient for sb /sth 方便的，合宜的*Hand down 传下来，传给；宣布，宣判；Hand over 移交，拿给Hand around0609177．His words are never in _____ with his deeds. (Situation /accordance /according /fit)I'm in agreement with Mr. Moore. In agreement with /be compatible with /comply with /conform to /be in proportion to (9)Of your own accord 出于自愿，主动地With one accord 一致地In accordance with （正式）按照，依照According to 据…所说；～(as) 【英，正式】按照Fit in 1、（因为有共同的兴趣和爱好）被他人接受；2、fit sb /sth in 安排时间做某事（见某人）；3、fit in with 使某事适合于*be In agreement with 一致同意*be compatible with 兼容，一致*comply with 服从，遵守*conform to 遵守（法律、规定等）*be in proportion to （与某物）成比例，相称8．Account He asked no one's advice; he did it on his own (account).independentlyYou have to take everything into account /consideration /Attention /regard /respect /mindGive us an account of what happened. Story /reason /information /description /tale /statementHe has been asked to account for his absence. (Describe /tell /relate / Describe (19)N.*Take sth into account/take account of 把某事考虑在内，思考On account of 因为，由于On account 赊帐By/from all account 根据各方面所说V.Account for 是…原因，= answer for；对…做出（满意的）解释Count in (out on) = back on; rely on;*Take sth into consideration 考虑到某事Attention*as regards 至于，关于*Respect for 考虑，顾及，重视In respect of 关于，有关With respect to 关于，谈到*Make up one’s mind 做出决定，拿主意；Take one’s mind off sth 不再想某件（烦心事）Keep /bear sth in mind 记住某事（有用或重要的信息）Stick in one’s mind 对（名字、细节等）经久不忘Put one’s mind to 专心于…Keep one’s mind on 专心于…Story*by reason of （正式）因为…Reason to do sth （正确或充分的）理由做某事Reason sth out （通过推理）解释，解决Reason with 与…讲道理，说服*for information only 仅供参考description /tale /statementDescribe*Tell off 责备，斥责；叫出（做某事）Tell on 告发Tell against sb 不利于…Tell sb /sth apart 区分，区别Tell of 描绘，描述*Relate to 1、有关，涉及；2、与…直接相关；3、与…和睦相处；4、认同，产生共鸣*to say the least 至少可以说to say nothing of 更不用说，何况*explain sth away 通过解释消除（某事的影响），辩解9．Acquire to acquire a good knowledge of English. Attain /obtain /gain /earn /secure（6）Acquire 得到；掌握，获得；～a taste for 开始喜欢上Attain /obtain*Gain (sth) from （使从某种局面、机会或事件中）受益，获利Gain the upper hand 占上风，处于有利地位，控制Gain currency （某种观点）流行起来There’s nothing to be gained 无济于事Gain ground 稳步发展，Gain on /upon 逼近，赶上Earn /secure10．Active He is very active in politics.Energetic /spirited /lively /dynamic /excited /enthusiastic（7）*Active duty 现役Be active in (doing) sth 积极参加活动*group dynamics 群体动态（指某一团体成员之间的相互行为和态度）（以上99）06092011．Adapt To our delight, she quickly adapted (herself) to the situation.Adjust /accommodate /alter /vary /arrange /modify /make fit（8）*Adapt (+to) （使）适应，（使）适合Adapt for (+for) 改造，改装Be well adapted to 特别适应*Adjust (+to) 适应，使适合*accommodate to 使适应，顺应alter /vary*Arrange to do sth 安排，筹划modify*MakeV.Make a start(+on /with) 开始做某事～believe (that)假装to pretend；～sb do sth 强迫某人做某事；be made to do sth～do with sth. 将就，凑合用；～it 1、及时赶到；2、成功；3、能参加、出现；4、（在生病或事故之后）活下来；～it up 和解，和好Make it up for （用好东西）赔偿，偿还；Make up to (sb.) 企图得到…欢心；make (it) up to （用好东西）赔偿，偿还；make one’s way 闯出一条路，make time 抽出时间～living (doing sth) （做某事）为生；～or break (使)完全成功或彻底失败；*make away with 带着东西逃跑; bug outMake at 采用什么手段Make for sth. 向…（快速）走去；导致,有利于，倾向Make sb /sth into 将…制成；Make (sth.) of (sth.) 理解，看待；对待，处理；Make off 仓皇逃走Make out 1、（费力）理解，辨认出；2、（以完整的形式）填写，开列；3、（泛指在商业、人际关系或生活中）成功；4、声称，假装；5、把…说成是，声称（尤指自己）重要；Make (sth.) over（尤指法律上的）转让，转交Make up 1、编造，虚构；2、化妆；整理备用；3、补足；4、（make sth. up）偿还，归还；5、（争吵后）和解12．Accustom She is ______to living in comfort. (Accustomed /used /addict /be familiar with) (4) *Accustom oneself to 使某人习惯于Be accustomed to (doing) sth 习惯（做）某事*Be used to (doing) 习惯（做）某事Used to do sth 过去常做某事Use sb to do sth 利用某人做某事Be in use （机器、场所等）在使用中*addicted (+to) 对…上瘾的*be familiar with 通晓，熟悉13．Admit It will take you half an hour to get to the station, allowing for traffic delays.(Allow /admit /accept /permit /receive /confess /acknowledge /adopt) (8)*Allow sb to do sth 允许，容许，准许Allow for考虑，顾及*Admit of (sth) 【正式】允许有Admit (to) doing sth 承认（做错了事、犯了罪）* Accept sth from sb 接受，同意做*permit sb to do sth 【正式】允许，准许做某事Permit of 容许有，允许有receive*confess to doing sth 承认（使自己尴尬的事情）*Be acknowledge as 被公认为是…*adopt an approach /strategy /policy 采用某方法、战略、政策等06092314．Adequate Their earnings are barely adequate to their needs.Enough /sufficient /satisfactory /plenty /ample (6)*Adequate to do sth 可以胜任的*enough to do sth 足够做…事Near enough 几乎，差不多*Sufficient to do sth 足够做某事satisfactory*plenty (+of) 丰富，大量，众多Plenty big /bright enough 非常（足够）大（明亮）的In plenty 供应充足，多得很ample15．Advantage The great advantage we have over them is that they are short of money.Benefit /gain upper hand /interest /profit /harvest /crop /earnings /returns (9)*Take advantage of sb（不公正地）利用某人，占便宜Take advantage of sth（巧妙地）利用某物*benefit (+from /by) 获益，受益，得到好处*Gain the upper hand 占上风，处于有利地位，控制Gain (sth) from （使从某种局面、机会或事件中）受益，获利Gain currency （某种观点）流行起来There’s nothing to be gained 无济于事Gain ground 稳步发展Gain on /upon 逼近，赶上*be in the public /national interest 出于公众、国家利益*Profit by /from 从中获益，取得教训*reap a harvest 获得成果；尝到苦果*A crop of 一群（同时到达的人），一批（同时发生的事）Crop up （尤指问题）突然发生（出现）*in return (for) （作为…的）交换（回报）16．Aim His aim is to win the game.Purpose /intention /goal /end /target /objective /motive /destination (9)Aim*On purpose 故意（地）For the purpose of 为了…目的*(have <no>) intention (of doing) to do sth （不）打算做某事with the intention of doing 意图，目的，打算Intention to do sth 目标是*No end 非常No end of 大量的，许多Make (both) ends meet 收支仅能相抵target /objective /motive /destination（以上143）06092617．Amass He amassed a great fortune in twenty years. Accumulate /assemble /gather /increase /collect /compile /heap up /store upMass /bulk /quantity /load /amount /volume /accumulation /pile/heap /crowd /multitude /pack /gang (22)Figure /digit /measureAmassAccumulateassemble*gather around /round 聚拢过来Gather sth in 收（庄稼）Gather sth together /up 集拢，拾拢*compile sth from /for sth 编辑，编纂，编制，汇编*heap up （杂乱地）堆积，堆放*be in store 将要发生，将要出现Store up 储存；制造（麻烦）*A mass of 大量，大宗Masses of 许多的，大量的The masses 群众，平民*the bulk (of sth) （某物的）主要部分，大半In bulk 整批的，大批的Bulk sth out 使膨胀，看起来更厚实，充实*quantity of 若干数量；大量，许多*load sb /sth down 给（某人）过重的负担No amount of sth will do sth 毫无结果，毫无影响*Amount to sth 总计，达到not amount to much /anything 没多大了不起*A pile of /(also) piles of 一大堆，大量Pile in /into 拥进，挤进Pile on 过分地称赞、批评等；过分夸大坏的情况Pile out 挤出，蜂拥而出Pile up 堆积，积累*crowd sb /sth out 把…挤出，排挤*pack sth away 将（某物）收拾起来Pack sb /sth in 吸引（大批的人）；把（太多东西）塞入；Pack sb /sth off 把打发走，撵走Pack up 完成工作，停工；（机器）出故障，失灵；停止做某事*a multitude of 【正式或文】大批，大量，大群，众多The multitude 大众，民众*figure sth /sb out 想出，理解（某事）；看透，理解（某人）*Half measure 折中办法Measure sb /sth against （用比较的方法）评判Measure out 量出Measure up 合格，达到标准18．Ambitious These young men were ambitious for success and money.Eager for /longing for / hopeful for /wish for /cravefor /be set on /be bent on /be intent upon*be ambitious for sb 希望某人成功*Eager for 急于得到*longing for 渴望，盼望*wish for sth 最理想的；默默期盼Wish sth away 希望（不愉快的事）自行消失*crave for 渴望，热望；恳求，请求*Set the table 准备饭菜*Set on 攻击；使攻击，使追逐；set aside 存钱set sth in See to sb/sth 照顾，照料set up 1、建造，设立；2、安排（会议），建立（制度）；3、安装，架设；4、树起，垒起，设置；Set out 同set off；开始一项行动；set sth. out 同Set forth阐明；陈列，布置；动身踏上；按顺序拜访Set in （疾病或不好的天气）来临而且（也许）持续Set foot in/on 登上，涉足，访问Set short by 重视Set the pace 定出步调，速率Set to work 开始工作*Set about (sth.) 开始做，开始；以（某种方式）处理；攻击Set sb /sth against 彼此均衡，从…减去；敌对，使与（某人）对立；*Set apart 使（某人或某物）与众不同；留出（作某种用途）*Set (sth.) aside 另外存放；拨出；置之不理Set (sth.) back 使倒退；推迟；Set (sb.) back (sth.) 使某人花费Set (sb./sth.) down 写，记下；制定，规定；将（车）停下让下车Set forth 陈述观点，阐明；出发，启程Set off 1、出发，动身；2、引起，激发（意外事件）；3、触发；4、引发（爆炸）；5、（衣服、颜色等）衬托（某物）很漂亮；6、激起（某人）的情感*Be bent on 下决心做，专心于，埋头于*Intent on /upon 专注的，专心致志的06092719．Amount His debt now amounts to 1,000 pounds.Add up to /approximate /total /sum up*Add up to 总的来讲，等于说add sth to sth 把…和…放在一起add fuel to the fire 火上浇油add (sth) in 加进，包括add (sth) on 加盖，加建；附加，增加add to（使）增加add up 把…加起来；not ～不合情理；积少成多approximate /total*Sum up 概括，总结；对…做出判断20．The future of her marriage is supposed to be decided by the amount of money.Sum /measure /quantity /price /value*at any price 不惜任何代价，无论如何Not at any price 无论如何也不21．Angle Try looking at this affair from a different angle.Aspect /view /point of view /opinion /belief /attitude /impression /notion /idea /thought /conception /judgment /theory /outlook（15）061107；*Angle for（以暗示的方法）猎取，谋求*aspect (+of) 方面*point of view 观点，看法On view （画、照片）在展览，在陈列In view of 鉴于，由于，考虑到*opinion (+of) 意见，主张，看法A second opinion 他人的鉴定Be of the opinion (that) 认为，主张*Be Beyond belief 难以置信*attitude (+towards) 心态，感觉，看法With attitude 我行我素的打扮*impression (+of) （对人、事等的）印象，感想Be under the impression (that) 原以为，误以为*notion (+of) （尤指错误或模糊的）概念，观点，看法*spare a thought for 给（某人）一点关心conception /judgment /theory*outlook (+on) （对生活、世界的）看法，观点，态度Outlook (+for) 前景，远景22．Announce He had to announce the death of Johnson before the board.Proclaim /broadcast /report/state /declare /notify /tell /make known（9）061107；Announce*report back 回报，汇报Report to sb 向…负责，向…报告state*Declare against 声明反对Declare for 声明支持*notify sb of 通知，告知06092923．Anticipate A good general can anticipate what the enemy will do.Expect /look forward to /await /foresee /hope for （6）061107；*anticipate (doing) 期待做某事*expect (to do) 希望做某事*Look forward to 期望，期待Be looking to do sth 正打算（期待）做某事*look (sb) up （顺便）拜访，看望；look (sth) up （在书中）查找；look up 好转，有起色；look up to 尊敬，尊重look at 1、看；2、浏览，泛泛地读；3、检查，察看；4、仔细考虑；5，看待，对待；look out take care 当心，留神；挑选，找出Look to tend to 依靠，仰仗Look after take care of 照料，照顾Look ahead 向前看，作未来的打算Look back 回顾回想；never ～获得全胜Look down on 看不起，轻视Look down your nose at 看不起，对…不屑一顾Look for 寻找Look in 探望，短暂访问Look into (sth) 调查，检查Look on onlooker 旁观；regard 看待Look (sth) over 快速查看Look through 审核仔细检查；（假装）没有注意到await /foresee*hope for /to do sth 盼望，期望24．Anything The hotel is anything but satisfactory. Not at all 061107；*anything but 一点也不*(not) at all 无论如何（都不），一点儿（都不）All along 自始至终All at once 同时All but 几乎，差不多All for 完全赞成For all 尽管All in all 归根到底All of sudden 突然All round 全面地All the more 更加All the same 还是，仍然All too 极，过于25．The apparent things might not tell of the truth.Apparent /obvious /seeming /evident /clear /plain （6）061107；*apparent (+to) 显而易见的，明白易懂的obvious /seeming /evident*Clear up 说明，解释清楚；整理，收拾Clear up after 替…收拾Clear away 收拾，整理Clear off 迅速离开Clear out 清除，整理Be clear (about /to) 确切知道，充分了解be privy to*Make sb /sth plain 把…说清楚06093026．Apart Apart from his nose, he is quite good-looking.Apart from the injuries to his face and hands, he broke both legs.Except for /other than /but /but for /besides /moreover /also /too /as well /in addition（12）061112 *Joking apart 说正经的Quite apart from 撇开…来说，不考虑Apart from 除了，只是；除…以外*except for 除…之外，没有Except from （正式）把排除在外，不计*other than 除了*But for 要不是，除非Besides 除…之外，还有Besides (doing sth)moreover /also /too*Such as （用来列举事物）如像；像…这样的*As well 也，还As usual 像平常一样So as(not) to 以便（免）So …as to 这（那）样…一致So(停顿) as to 这样…以使As for 至于，说到As to 至于，说到As yet 到这时为止As if(though) 就仿佛…似的；引导从句做状语、表语As against （和…过去情况加以比较）而…是much as 尽管（倒装）As well as同（一样也），和，也，还As a matter of fact 事实上，实际上，不瞒你说As a result(consequence) 结果（发生某情况As a result of 由于…As a rule 一般（说来），通常As a whole 作为总体，总的说来As … as anything 极为，非常As …as …can be 到了最…的程度，极其As …as one can 尽力，尽可能As …as …permit 在…许可范围内尽量As …as possible 尽可能，尽量As follows 如下As from 从…时起As good as 几乎已经，实际已经As it is(was) 根据现在情况看，就以现在样子As it were 可以这么说，姑且这么说As many (much etc.) as 到…程度，多达As one likes(choose etc.) 爱怎样就怎样As opposed to 和…相反As the matter(position/it) stands 在现在的情况下As things are 照目前情况So(as) far as 就…而论，据…So(as) long as 只要Such …as to 那样…以致Won’t(wouldn’t) so much as 连…都不As best one can(could) 尽其可能地，尽可能好地As much 同样（做），同样（想）As soon 宁愿As soon as 一…就；～possible 尽快地May as well 不妨，不如*In addition 另外27．He was appointed member of the committee.Name /elect /nominate /choose /assign /vote for28．Appeal I appeal to him for help. Implore /plead /beg （4）061112*AppealN.Appeal for 恳求，呼吁Appeal to 上诉，申诉V.Appeal (to sb) for sth 恳请，呼吁Appeal to sb 吸引某人*Implore sb to do sth 乞求，哀求*Plead for 祈求，央求Plead with sb to do sth 恳求*Beg sb to do sth 请求，恳求29．Apply Please apply to the secretary for further information.The rules of safe driving apply to everyone. 061112*apply (+to) 申请Apply (+for) 申请Apply sth to 使用，应用Apply yourself 致力于，专心于Apply force /pressure 用力/施压06100130．Approve Many people don't approve of the plan. DisapproveLike /prefer /endorse /accept /think well of（7）061112*Approve (+of) 赞成，同意*disapprove (+of) 反对，非难*be like to do sth 有可能做某事*Prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做…而不愿做…Prefer doing sth to doing sth 喜欢…胜过…endorse/accept*Think of /about doing sth 考虑做某事的可能性Think better of it 认为还是不做的好Think on your feet 思路敏捷Think to do sth 设法做某事Think back 回想起，追忆Think of sb /sth 1、想出（新主意等）；2、回忆起；3、对（某人）关怀；4、what do you think of …你怎么认为Think sth out 把（某事）考虑好Think sth over 认真考虑某事Think sth through 认真考虑（某事可能出现的结果）Think sth up 想出，构思出（主意、名字等）31．Arise The company's losses this year arise almost entirely from the new taxes.Rise /raise /rouse /arouse /ariseOriginate /derive /stem / flow /come /emerge /appear /show up /turn up（14）061114*Arise (+from) （由…）引起（产生）*riseV.Rise from 从…升起rise up 反抗，造反rise to sth 对某事（尤指令人气愤的评论）反应强烈rise out of sth 起因于某事，由某事引起rise above 1、超脱，不计较；2、克服，摆脱；3、（水平）超过，搞出；4、（知识、智慧）超越（他人）5、改善（境遇）rise against 起义，造反；2、对…反感N.Rise (+in) 增加Rise (+of) 升迁，兴起*Rouse sb (from their sleep /slumbers) （艰难地把某人从沉睡中）叫醒*Originate (+in /from /with) 发源，始于*Derive (+from) 源自，源于*Stem from 源于，来自，由…发生*Flow from 来自，产生于，源自In full flow n. 滔滔不绝*Come and go 忽来忽去；变化Come unstuck 遇到困难，失败How come 怎么会这样To come 将来Come about 发生，产生（尤指不受控制地）Come across/upon 1、遇见，碰上；2、受欢迎，起到效果；3、被理解Come after 查找（某人）Come along 1、come on （尤指教育或健康）进展，进步，好转2、（意外地）出现，碰巧遇到；3、跟随（某人）；Come apart 碎裂；无法处理；Come around /round 1、拜访，探访；2、改变观点；3、降临，发生；4、苏醒Come at 1、逼近；2、（大量信息）涌向；3、考虑、处理问题Come away 脱落，脱离；离开；Come back 回来；记起；重新流行；驳斥；Come between 离间，使分开；妨碍某人做某事；Come by sth 1、得到，获得；2、顺路拜访Come down 1、（价格、水平等）下降，降低；2、南下，（从大城市）来到；3、（建筑物）被拆毁；4、～on the side of （深思熟虑后）决定支持某人；5、～in the world 落魄，潦倒，失势；6、～to the earth 回到现实中；7、～on 痛斥；8、～to 归结为，落到…手里Come down with （无被动）患病Come for 来接，来拿；试图伤害，强行带走；Come forward (+as) 毛遂自荐，自告奋勇Come from 产自，来自Come in 1、到达，达到；2、进入（房间）；3、卷入，参与；4、流行起来；5、～for 挨批评，受责备；Come into 1、继承遗产；2、卷入（某事）；3、进入某种状态Come out 1、显露，泄露；2、（事实）变得清楚；3、（书、唱片）出版，发行；4、（言语）说出，道出；5、宣布，声称；6、褪去，消失；Come out with （尤指出乎意料地）说出，提出Come of age 1、到达法定年龄；2、达到巅峰时期*Come of sth 由于…而产生,是…的结果Come off 1、脱离，分开；2、进行得…；3、达到效果，成功Come on 1、（灯或机器）打开，开动；2、快点儿，加油，高兴点儿；3、改善，提高；4、偶然发现；5、～to 转到（新话题）Come over 1、拜访；2、突然感觉…；3、清楚地理解（观点）；4、表现为，显得Come through 1、（消息、结果等）公开，公布；2、安然渡过Come to 醒过来Come to sth 达到某种状态（目的）Come under 被统治（控制、影响）；2、列在…之下Come up 1、被提到，被考虑；2、北上，去大城市；3、走近；4、升起；5、（问题或困难）突然出现；6、～for 定期回顾，检查Come up with 想出，提出（主意、计划）；提供*emerge (+from) 浮现，出现；（从困境中）摆脱出来*show up 1、到达；2、使（某物）显现出来；3、显露；Show sb around 带某人参观*Show off 1、（自我）炫耀；2、炫耀（某物）；3、使夺目Show over 带某人参观Be on show 在陈列，在展出V. *Turn down 关小，调低（音量等）；拒绝，摒弃Turn off 关上（电源等）；转入拐入（另一条路）；（使）厌烦Turn one’s hand to 着手做…*Turn (sb) against （使）转而反对Turn around 完成，提供，生产出；使（业务）好转Turn away 打发走，拒绝接纳；拒绝给（某人）同情Turn back（使）折回*Turn in 1、交回，交还；2、交差；3、～（sb）～告发，交给警方；4、上床睡觉；Turn into 1、变成；2、（通过魔法）使…变成；3、（季节）变化Turn on 1、打开，接通（电源等）；2、突然攻击。
清华大学考博英语真题常用固定搭配以M开头
清华大学考博英语真题常用固定搭配以M开头major in主修;专攻make away/off with携…而逃;干掉。
杀死;(钱)挥霍掉make(a/an)effort/face/friends/fuss/living/move/no difference/noise努力;尽力/做鬼脸;与…交朋友/大吵大闹/谋生/动身;采取行动;无所谓：没关系/嚷嚷，胡搅make for往…走去;向…前进;有助于;促进make good成功;兑现诺言;实现;补偿;消除不良影响make light/little of不放在眼里;等闲视之/轻视;贬抑make out理解;看清楚;辨认;起草(文件等);假装;填写;开(票等)make room/way(for)给…让出(地方，路)make sense(love/money/peace/use)有意义;讲得通;有道理(做爱/挣钱/讲和/使用)make sure/certain确保;确实;务必make the best/most of善于处理…;充分利用(使用)make up化妆;配制;调制;整理床铺(房间);组成;构成;编造，捏造;和解，言归于好;弥补;补偿many(of)(…中的)许多mark out划出边线;标出界线may/might as well不妨…;还是…的好;最好…meet/satisfy the need满足需要mix up把…搞混，混淆;搞乱more often than not通常;多半no matter+what-word不管…;无论…no/none other than不是别人，正是…;恰恰是no wonder难怪;不足为奇not nearly远非;远不及;相差很远not to mention/speak of更不用说;更不必说now that既然本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
清华考博辅导班：清华大学考博英语真题大全
清华考博辅导班：清华大学考博英语真题大全2018年的考博生们是否对考博英语真题找不到而感到困惑？没关系，启道清华考博辅导班，凭借这十几年的考博辅导，总结考博英语真题如下，仅供参考。
1、清华考博辅导班-考查词组、固定搭配或习惯用法例2008. 4. I would never have a court of law if I hadn’t been so desperate.A. sought forB. accounted forC. turned upD. resorted to 这种题要求考生对动词词组进行辨析2、清华考博辅导班-考查同形词同形词辨析是指相同前缀、词根或后缀的词汇进行变形。
例2008. 31. Why be about that old coat? There’s no point in keeping it just because you were wearing it when you first met me. A. sensitive B. sensible C. sentimental D. sensational3、清华考博辅导班-考查同义词例2008. 2. We’d like to a table for five for dinner this evening. A. preserve B. reserve C. sustain D. retain 这种题要求考生对意义相近的单词进行辨析。
在复习词汇题时考生要多做练习，因为这部分在中科院考博英语试卷中的分数不是很多，有针对性的做些词汇练习，做到对词汇的大意有所了解，这部分还是比较容易得分的。
4、清华考博辅导班-细节题例如：2008. Question42. According to the investigators________. A. the new and 'more sophisticated games allow the players to take part in real violent acts. B. the new and more sophisticated games the players how to kill other people C. most computer and online games make the players forget the real life results D. most computer and online games cultivate young people with bad manners1.标志：针对性提问2.思路：做题的关键是返回原文，不要凭印象做题，返回原文要有定位意识3.细节题迷惑选项的常用手段有：偷换概念、扩大范围、正反混淆、颠倒因果、常识判断（列举和文章无关的常识，尽管常识是对的，但文章中未提，这也是错误答案）5、清华考博辅导班-主旨题例：2008 Question 56. The passage mainly concentrates on the subject of________.A. the drops of the applicants of the universitiesB. the dilemma of the admissionofficials C. the usual 'rules of college admissions D the effects of the hurricanes 针对文章的主要目的进行提问，要求对各段落的中心思想进行概括总结，从总体上判断文章的主旨。
清华大学博士生入学博士考试考前辅导词汇部分讲解
掌握构词法：如，前缀、后缀、词根。
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前缀： 名词后缀： 动词后缀： 形容词后缀： 副词后缀： 常见词根：
A. rotation B. suspension C. emission D. motivation
As a good photographer, you must develop an awareness of the world around you and the people who ____ it.
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清华大学博士生入学考试题型 及各部分比例分配
听力 词汇 阅读 综合填充 写作
20% 10％ 40％
10%
20%
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清华大学博士生入学 考试考前辅导 词汇部分
清华大学外语系吕中舌
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I. 攻读博士学位考试大纲词汇量要求：
清华大学博士生入学时其英语水平原则上应达到 或略高于硕士生水平。根据《研究生英语教学大 纲》中的规定：硕士生应领会式掌握词汇5500个， 其中大部分为实义词，如：名词、动词、形容词、 副词。动词所占比例最大，约占五分之一；名词 应不亚于动词，而且词汇级别越高名词的比例就 越大。但这并不意味介词、连词就可以忽略。 掌握一定数量的常用词组。 掌握一定数量的常用词缀，并能根据构词法和语 境意思识别常见的派生词。
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III. 单词记忆方法：
通过阅读记单词
通过做练习题记单词
通过联想方式记单词: 邻近联想:lighteningthunder-storm; winter-freeze- snow-frost; spring-blossom-awake; 类比联想: result-effectimpact; because of, on account of, due to; 对比 联想: stupid-clever-smart; advance-backward 等.。
清华大学考博英语真题常用词组
清华大学考博英语真题常用词组bring forward把…提前;提议;建议;(会计)把(账目)结转到(次页)bring in带来;引进;提出;挣得(报酬等);生产，产生;收获;(陪审团)下(判决)bring out出版;上演;显露出;现出;使人有勇气开口bring up抚养，教育;提出(问题等);呕吐bring/come/put/carry into effect开始生效;实行build up积累;聚集;增进(健康);增强(体格);确立(信誉);吹捧burn down烧光;把…烧成平地burst out/into突然发生;突然…起来，怒放but for除…以外;如果没有by accident/chance(纯粹)偶然地;碰巧;无意by all means务必，一定，千方百计by no means决不，一点，也不by and large大体上;基本上;总的说来by for更加…得多;尤其;最…by means/way of用;以;依靠(某种方法，工具，工艺等)/作为;当作;经由by reason of因为;由于by the way顺便说一句by virtue of因;靠;由于;借助于call for去接人;取(物件);要求;提倡call off宣告终止;取消;(使注意力)转移开;放弃call on/upon指名要(某人)去干(某事);请求;号召;动用call up打电话;召集，召唤;征召(服役);使人回忆起;从计算机中调出(资料)calm/cool down平静下来;使(人)冷静下来capable of(人)敢于;能…的;易于做出…的;(事)能…的;易…的care for/about照顾;关照;喜欢;喜爱/关心;在意carry away使激动得失去控制，使入迷，使倾倒carry back(to)使回忆起carry forward发扬;推进;转入下一页下期等carry off夺走，诱拐;夺去…生命;获得(奖品等)carry on继续;喧闹，起哄;从事;处理;经营;开展carry out完成;落实;贯彻;实现;执行carry through贯彻到底;度过难关;支持到底cast doubt(on)使人怀疑change for the better/worse改进;改善;好转/恶化;每况愈下change/speak one’s mind改变决定或主意/直抒己见charge(sb.)with使负…罪名;托付，使负担check in/out签到;报到;办理(住宿，乘机等)手续;退房登记;办清手续后离开;检查，核对check up体格检查;核对，检查clean up扫除，清洗干净;收拾干净;搬空;肃清;扫除;clear away消除;收拾clear up整理;解决，澄清，说明白;转晴;变好close up关闭;阻塞;(人)互相靠紧;(伤口)愈合come about发生，(风等)改变方向come across(无意中)碰到，找到，想到come along/on来呀;赶快;一道来;赞成;进步/赶快;登台;(病,痛苦)加重，加深;来临;接着开始come back回到原来的(地方，话题等);突然想起;重新流行;恢复，复原，复苏;复辟come down下降，跌价come down to归根结底;实质上是;实际意味着come in到来，出现;进入;兴起;到成熟期;上台执政;其作用come/get/keep in(to)contact/touch与…联系，接触;交往come off松开;脱落;剥落;(如期)发生;实现;奉行;应验come out现出，露出;出版;发行;结果是…;取得(第…名);罢工;解答出来;消失褪去;源于;来自;发表，讲出come(a)round来访;转而同意某看法;恢复知觉;苏醒come to(a standstill/an end/light/no harm/the rescue of)苏醒过来;恢复知觉(停止/结束/发现;显露/无害;无碍/营救;救援) come up with/to提出;赶上;达到…标准;到达;不辜负(众望)compete with/against同…竞争;与…相匹敌;竞赛;竞争complain about/of抱怨;叫屈;申诉;投诉/自诉有…病痛concern about关心;担心count on指望;期待(某人)相助critical of对…持批评态度的;对…苛求的cross out删除;划掉cut down削减;减少;砍伐cut off切断;截止;中断供应(疾病等)使(人)死亡;叫(人)闭口无言cut out割掉;删去;戒掉;省掉cut short剪短;削短;(突然)中止;打断;缩短;从简deal/cope with办理;处理;对付;论述;与…打交道，做买卖，妥善;处理;对应付devote to献身于…;致力于die away消逝;减弱;渐息die down平息;平静下来;熄灭die from/of由于…而死/因(患)…而死,…死于die for迫切想要(某物);渴望die off相继死亡;绝种die out熄灭，绝种，不复存在do away with除去;废除;干掉;杀死do/try one’s best/utmost努力;尽力而为do/go without没有也行do wrong/justice(to)对待(某人)不公平;冤枉某人/逼真;出色;处置公道;公正对待draw back退回，往后退;不履行draw in拉入，吸人;(火车，汽车)进站，到达;吸收参加;(日子)逐渐变短;收(网);紧缩开支draw on接近;靠近;临近;利用;依赖;凭借;(紧身衣物)穿，戴draw out取出;拔出;(火车，汽车)缓缓开出;(白天)逐渐变长;拉长，延长;拟订draw up起草;拟订;(使车、马)停下dress up化装;装饰;打扮drop in(over)顺访;串门drop off睡着;(客人)一个个地散去;(兴趣等)减弱drop out逃(学);离队出走dry up干瘪;干涸;(思路等)枯竭engage in从事;进行equal to相等;相同;敌得过;担得起;胜任even if/though即使;甚至every other每隔…一(天、周等);所有其他except for/that除…之外;只是fall back(on)撤退;退缩(求助于;投靠;转而依靠)fall behind落后;被甩在后面，拖欠fall on/upon碰到，看到;降临;落到;袭击;适逢(日期)fall out(头发，牙齿)脱落;掉;掉下来;掉队;(队伍)原地解散;不和;吵翻了fall through落空;失败famous for以…著称，闻名;驰名far from远离，远非;根本谈不上;决不是;差得远feel like想做(某事);感到像是…的样子fill in填写;填充;填满;对…提供最新情况;fill out/up填写;长丰满，长胖;变粗装满;填写;充满;占掉(地方或时间)find fault(with)找…岔子;挑剔find out发现;找出;弄清楚;认识到;查明follow up继而进行…;追踪，跟踪fond of爱好;喜欢for all(that)尽管;如此,还是for ever/good永久;永远for/in fear(of)唯恐;以免为…而担心for the sake of为了;为了…的好处，利益free of/from不受…影响的;摆脱了…的from time(door/side)to time(door/side)时时;不定期地(挨家挨户/左右摇摆;晃动)get across(使人)了解;讲清楚get/go ahead赶过;胜过;有进展/开始;进行中;继续下去;走在前面，先走get around/round(to)克服(困难);避开;(消息)传开;(终于有时间)做某事get at够得着;拿得到;弄清，了解;意指，暗示get away(with)逃脱;逃跑get/learn by heart牢记，熟记;背得出get down(to)(使人)不快;沮丧;写下;咽下(to)开始认真做…get even(with)报复，和…算账get/take/catch hold of弄到手;掌握;了解;知道(去向)get in the way妨碍，阻碍get off(with)下车;出发;离去;不涉足，避开;脱下(衣服等);使免遭处罚get on(with)相处;继续做;进行下去;顺利发展;上车;穿(衣);上年纪get out/into离去;逃走;退出;出去;取出;拿出;拨出;出版;谈话吃力;(消息)走漏;泄露/进入;穿上;成癖;陷于;研究;从事于;变成get over越过;恢复;完成，结束;克服(困难);解决难题get rid of除去;丢弃;扔掉;摆脱;消灭get the better胜过，超过;占上风;左右;支配get through完成;到达;渡过;用光;(使人)明白;通过;接通(电话)get together集会;聚会get up起床;站起;举办;安排;化装;打扮get up to到达;赶上give away背弃;出卖;泄露;散掉,给掉(钱财)give in/way(to)屈服;让步;递交;交上;让位于，转变为;听任支配give out分发;分配;失灵;报废;用尽;耗光give rise to引发;导致;产生given that只要是，考虑到;假定，已知go after寻找;追求go by通过;经过;依照…行事;根据…的说法go down去某地;下去;跪下;咽下;(日)落;(船)沉;病倒;垮台;(计算机)停机(故障)go down with为…所接受，为…所相信，为…所心服go for去(做某事);去请，去找，去拿;想要，愿做，喜欢;可应用于;赞成;被认为go in for从事;参加(考试;竞赛);喜欢上(业余爱好)本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
清华大学考博英语-6
清华大学考博英语-6(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}Writing{{/B}}(总题数：3，分数：100.00)1.Some Tips for Effective Verbal Communication（分数：34.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Some Tips for Effective Verbal CommunicationVerbal communication plays a significant role in our daily life, especially in modem society. Since we get along with other people in every field, we must learn how to communicate effectively. Here are some of the techniques that may contribute to effective verbal communication. First, think about what we are going to tell someone, then speak briefly and clearly in order to make ourselves understood. Second, express ourselves warmly and sincerely. This can help create a friendly atmosphere for a talk. Third, if we are supposed to be listeners, we should concentrate on what the speaker says and give positive feedback by nodding or smiling from time to time. And fourth, we can politely ask the speaker to repeat what we do not hear or quite understand and this, as you know, can help the communication go on smoothly.When I communicate with others, whether as a speaker or a listener, I always bear in mind the above-mentioned skills. They are very much conducive to effective conversations.)解析：2.Which one do you like, active class or passive class? Write out your view on them（分数：33.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Which one do you like, active class or passive class? Write out your view on them. Active Classes of Passive ClassesAlthough classes often seem alike in appearance, the differences between passive classes and active classes are enormous.The passive kind of class usually has a teacher who lectures, puts outlines and terms on the chalkboard and imparts information to the students. For example, my second-year biology teacher, rarely looked up from his notebook in which he had carefully written all his lectures. Teachers in a passive classroom simply dictate information and answers. They pour facts into the students like water into a pot. The students are usually force to sit, listen, take notes, and do only what the teacher requires them to.The other kind of class, the active one, usually has a teacher who stimulates the students to learn for themselves by asking questions, by deliberately posing problems, and most of all by being a student himself, too. Such a teacher might plan the outline of a course, but doesn't direct the class in only one direction. Students in active classes become more involved in their learning; they ask questions and read books to search for some answers themselves, and then discuss what they have found in class.I prefer active classes because learning becomes fun there. Although students may not car much about facts in classes, their attitudes toward learning and their excitement in discovering answers for themselves do no end with the class.)解析：3.Now many students use electronic dictionaries. Give us your view on electronic dictionary （分数：33.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Now many students use electronic dictionaries. Give us your view on electronic dictionary.On Electronic DictionaryElectronic dictionaries are becoming more and more popular among college students because of its small size and multitude of functions. But just as every coin has two sides, electronic dictionaries are no exception. Some students like electronic dictionaries, because they believe this kind of new dictionary has many advantage. First, compared with a traditional dictionary, it's obviously very handy and convenient. Furthermore, due to its many functions, it's also very helpful. It can serve both as an English-Chinese one. Most important of all, many of them can even teach the learner how to pronounce a word.But other students think that they still have much to be desired. They point out that the definitions are very limited. And there are not enough explanations, or examples to illustrate the correct use of a word. In addition, the constant use of this study aid can make people too much dependent on the dictionary and form a passive, lazy attitude towards learning.In my opinion, the electronic dictionary in itself is neither good nor bad, and its value lies in the way we put it to use. Every student should have a good English dictionary at hand and the electronic one can serve most of our purposes. And one thing we should always keep in mind is that basic language skills do not come from any dictionary but from practice. So, an electronic dictionary, just like any traditional ones, is only an effective tool instrumental in helping us to get a good mastery of English.)解析：。
学考博词汇
学考博词汇
1. 科学：以实证及理论构建知识体系，解释并预测自然和社会现象。
2. 技术：应用科学原理和方法制造实用产品或提供特定服务的过程。
3. 创新：不断挑战传统思维方式和方法，开拓新的领域和解决问题的方式。
4. 经济：涉及资源的生产和分配，以满足人类需求的社会活动。
5. 市场：由买入和卖出形成的经济交易的场所，为生产者和消费者提供价值。
6. 财务：管理和监督资产和资金流入和流出的过程。
7. 政治：涉及权力和权利的分配、制定和执行政策和规章的社会活动。
8. 社会：涉及人际关系和社会组织，以满足人们的需要和改善人们的福祉。
9. 环境：自然和人类活动之间的相互作用，涉及调节和保护自然资源和生态系统。
10. 文化：涉及思想、艺术、语言、价值观等方面的人类创造和传承的共同体。
清华大学考博英语真题词汇专项之名词
清华大学考博英语真题词汇专项之名词(一)名词的特点英语和其他语种一样，其名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词以及连词都有各自不同的特点。
在学习名词时，应注意名词的一些特点。
奉节着重谈一下名词的构成和名词的复数。
1.名词的构成(1)除了英语本族语及少量外来语等拼写简单的名词外，名词多数是由希腊及拉丁词根加上前缀、后缀构成。
大量的名词后缀是表示性质、状态和行为的。
如：-ance importance(重要性)-ence independence(独立)-ion selection(选择)-ition addition(增加)-sion conclusion(结论)-ation hydration(水化)-ity productivity(生产力)-ment movement(运动)-ship hardship(艰难)-ness weariness(厌倦)-y difficulty(困难)表示“……人”、“……者”的后缀，除了-er、-or、-ar、-ee、-eer、-ese、-ess等大家熟悉的以外，还有：-ian musician(音乐家)-ain captain(船长)-ant occupant(居住者)-ent dependent(依赖他人者)-ary secretary(书记，秘书)-yer lawyer(律师)sawyer(锯木工)-ate candidate(候选人)-al rival(对手)-ist socialist(社会主义者)-icist physicist(物理学家)表示地点、处所的有：-age orphanage(孤儿院)-ium auditorium(礼堂)-ary granary(谷仓)-ery surgery(手术室)-ory laboratory(实验室)表示科技学科名称及观测试验方法或技术的有：-graphy seismography(地震测量法)-ic logic(逻辑学)-ics electronics(电子学)-logy zoology(动物学)在认知名词时，也切忌望文生义。
清华大学考博英语-4.doc
清华大学考博英语-4(总分：134.50，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Vocabulary(总题数：10，分数：7.50)1.The child should always ______ the same basic procedure: seeing the whole word-hearing and pronouncing-writing from memory.（分数：1.00）A.go throughB.take overC.respond toD.carry off2.The government decided to take a______action to strengthen the market management.（分数：0.50）A.diverseB.durableC.epidemicD.drastic3.They need to move to new and large apartments. Do you know of any______ones in this area?（分数：0.50）A.evacuatedB.emptyC.vacantD.vacate4.He told a story about his sister who was in a sad ______ when she was ill and had no money.（分数：1.00）A.plightB.polarizationC.plagueD.pigment5.Her talk at the seminar clearly______from the topic the supervisor expected in the field of sociology.（分数：0.50）A.alternatedB.amplifiedC.designatedD.diverged6.In the new shark repellent method, an insulated cable is buried on the bottom of the sea arounda beach from which people swim.（分数：1.00）A.frighteningB.resistingC.protectiveD.raising7.Nobody knew how he came up with this ______ idea about the trip.（分数：1.00）A.wearyB.twilightC.unanimousD.weird8.Some people seem to______on the pressure of working under a deadline.（分数：0.50）A.renderB.evolveC.prevailD.thrive9.The industry has pumped______amounts of money into political campaigns, making it less and less likely that politicians will deal with the issue sensibly.（分数：0.50）A.potentialB.substantialC.massiveD.traditional10.These melodious folk songs are generally ______ to Smith, a very important musician of the century.（分数：1.00）A.devotedB.contributedposedD.ascribed二、Part Ⅱ Reading Compr(总题数：5，分数：88.00)There are over 6,000 different computer and online games in the world now. A segment of them are considered to be both educational and harmlessly entertaining. One such game teaches geography and another trains pilots. Others train the player in logical thinking and literate, which is more important in this technology-driven era.But the dark side of the computer games has become more and more obvious. "A segment of games features anti-social themes of violence, sex and crude language," says David Walsh, president of the National Institute on Media and Family. "Unfortunately. It"s a segment that seems particularly popular with kids aged from eight to fifteen."One study showed that almost 90 percent of the computer and online games young people preferred contained violence. The investigators said, "There are not just games anymore. These are learning machines. We"re teaching kids in the most incredible manner what it"s like to pull the trigger. What they are not learning are the real-life consequences.They also said, "The new and more sophisticated games are even worse, because they have better graphics and allow the player to participate in even more realistic violent acts." In the game Carmageddon, for example, the player will have driven over and killed up to 33,000 people by the time all levels are compelled. A description of the outcome of the game says: "Your victims not only squish under your tires and splatter blood on the windshield, they also get on their knees and beg for mercy, or commit suicide. If you like, you can also dismember them."Is all this simulated violence harmful? Approximately 3,000 different studies have been conducted on this subject. Many have suggested that there is a connection between violence in games and increased aggressiveness in the players.Some specialists downplay the influence of the games, saying that other factors must be taken into consideration, such as the possibility that kids who already have violent tendencies are choosing such games. But could it be that violent games still play a contributing role? It seems unrealistic to insist that people are not influenced by what they see. If that were true, why would the commercial world spend billions of dollars annually for television advertising?（分数：8.00）(1).Which of the following computer games are NOT mentioned as educational and harmlessly entertaining?（分数：2.00）A.Those that teach how to fly an airplane.B.Those that teach the features of the earth.C.Those that help people use computer language.D.Those that teach computer technology.(2).According to the investigators,______（分数：2.00）A.the new and more sophisticated games allow the players to take parting real violent actsB.the new and more sophisticated games teach the players how to kill other peopleC.most computer and online games male the players forget the real life resultsD.most computer and online games may cultivate young people with bad manners(3).It can be inferred from the passage that______（分数：2.00）A.more and more young people enjoy cruel computer gamesB.it is hard to find evidence of a link between violence and computer gamesC.there are now more incidents of violence because of computer gamesD.simulated violence in computer games is different from real violence(4).The author uses" television advertising" as an example to show that______（分数：2.00）A.the commercial world is contributing to the increased violence in real lifeputer and online games are not the only cause of increased violence in real lifeC.there is little link between computer games and increased violence in real lifeD.other factors must be considered as possible causes of violence in real lifeWhere one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for example by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train up to any age if he still needs to do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child clinics.The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands. Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a very important element in upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made before the child can understand them.Every parent watches eagerly the child"s acquisition of each new skill--the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.Learning together is a fruit source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this co-operation. Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good examples.Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters, others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child"s own happiness and well-being.（分数：10.00）(1).The principle underlying all treatment of developmental difficulties in children ______.（分数：2.00）A.is to send them to clinicsB.offers recapture of earlier experiencesC.is in the provision of clockwork toys and trainsD.is to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced(2).The child in the nursery ______.（分数：2.00）A.quickly learns to wait for foodB.doesn"t initially sleep and wake at regular intervalsC.always accepts the rhythm of the world around himD.always feels the word around him is warm and friendly(3).The encouragement of children to achieve new skills ______.（分数：2.00）A.can never be taken too farB.should be left to school teachersC.will always assist their developmentD.should be balanced between two extremes(4).Jigsaw puzzles are ______.（分数：2.00）A.too difficult for childrenB.a kind of building-block toyC.not very entertaining for adultsD.suitable exercises for parent-child cooperation(5).Parental controls and discipline ______.（分数：2.00）A.serve a dual purposeB.should be avoided as much as possibleC.reflect the values of the communityD.are designed to promote the child"s happinessI have had just about enough of being treated like a second-class citizen, simply because I happen to be that put-upon member of society--a customer. The more I go into shops and hotels, banks and post offices, railway stations, airports and the like, the more I am convinced the things are being run solely to suit the firm, the system, or the union. There seems to be a deceptive new motto for so-called "service" organizations--Staff Before Service.How often, for example, have you queued for what seems like hours at the Post office or the supermarket because there were not enough staff on duty to man all the service grilles or checkout counters? Sure? in these days of high unemployment it must be possible to hire cashiers and counter staff. Yet supermarkets, hinting darkly at higher prices, claim that uncovering all their cash registers at any one time would increase overheads. And the Post office says we cannot expect all their service grilles to be occupied "at times when demand is low".It is the same with hotels. Because waiters and kitchen staff must finish when it suits them, dining rooms close earlier or menu choice is cut short. As for us guests, we just have to put up with it. There is also the nonsense of so many friendly hotel night porters having been thrown out of their jobs in the interests of "efficiency" (i. e. profits) and replaced by coin--eating machines which offer everything from lager to laxatives. Not to mention the creeping threat of the tea-making kit in your room: a kettle with a mixed collection of tea bags, plastic milk cartons and lump sugar. Who wants to wake up to a raw teabag? I do not, especially when I am paying for "service".Can it be stopped, this worsening of service, this growing attitude that the customer is always a nuisance? I angrily hope so because it is happening, sadly, in all walks of life.Our only hope is to hammer home our anger whenever and wherever we can and, if all else fails, bring back into practice that other, older slogan--Take Our Custom Elsewhere.（分数：50.00）(1).The writer feels that nowadays a customer ______（分数：10.00）A.deserves the lowest status in society.B.is unworthy of proper consideration.C.receives unexpected quality service.D.is the victim of some public services.(2).The writer argues that the quality of service is changing because ______（分数：10.00）A.customers" demands have radically changed.B.services provided never become consistent.C.the staff receive more consideration than customers.D.the staff are less considerate than their employers.(3).According to the writer, long queues at counters are caused by ______（分数：10.00）A.difficulties in hiring employees.B.deliberate understaffing.ck of cooperation between staff members.D.employers" irresponsibility.(4).Service organizations contend that keeping all checkout counters operated can result in ______（分数：10.00）A.demands by cashiers for a pay raise.B.insignificant benefits for the customers.C.a rise in the coat for providing service.D.needs to purchase expensive equipment.(5).The writer suggests that a customer ______（分数：10.00）A.put up with the rode manners of the staff.B.be patient when queuing before checkout counters.C.try to control his temper when ill-treated.D.go to other places where good service is available.Rubidium, potassium and carbon are three common elements used to date the history of Earth. The rates of radioactive decay of these elements are absolutely regular when averaged out over a period of time; nothing is known to change them. To be useful as clocks, the elements have to be fairly common in natural minerals, unstable but decay slowly over millions of years to form recognizable "daughter" products which are preserved minerals.For example, an atom of radioactive rubidium decays to form an atom of strontium (another element) by converting a neutron in its nucleus to a proton and releasing an electron, generating energy in the process. The radiogenic daughter products of the decay-in this case strontiumatoms--diffuse away and are lost above a certain very high temperature. So by measuring the exact proportions of rubidium and strontium atoms that are present in a mineral, researchers can work out how long it has been since the mineral cooled below that critical "blocking" temperature. The main problems with this dating method are the difficulty in finding minerals containing rubidium, the accuracy with which the proportions of rubidium and strontium are measured, and the fact that the method gives only the date when the mineral last cooled below the blocking temperature. Because the blocking temperature is very high, the method is used, mainly for recrystallized (igneous or metamorphic) rocks, not for sediments--rubidium-bearing minerals in sediments simply record the age of cooling of the rocks which were eroded to form the sediments, not the age of deposition of the sediments themselves.Potassium decays to form (a gas) which is sometimes lost from its host mineral by escaping through pores. Although potassium-argon dating is therefore rather unreliable, it can sometimes be useful in dating sedimentary rocks because potassium is common in some minerals which form in sediments at low temperatures. Assuming no argon has escaped, the potassium-argon date records the age of the sediments themselves.Carbon dating is mainly used in archaeology. Most carbon atoms (carbon-12) are stable and do not change over time. However, cosmic radiation bombarding the upper atmospheres constantly interacting with nitrogen in the atmosphere to create an unstable form of carbon, carbon-14.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the common feature of rubidium, potassium and carbon?（分数：2.00）A.They can be made into clocks.B.They are rich in content.C.Their decay is slow but regular.D.The products of their decay are the same.(2).What aspect of rubidium decay is useful for dating?（分数：2.00）A.The atom produced by the decay is above a certain point of temperature.B.The atom produced by the decay is easy to be detected at a cool temperature.C.The decay produced a. neutron and an electron.D.The decay is sensitive to the changes in temperature.(3).What is the limitation of the rubidium method?（分数：2.00）A.Rubidium is everywhere in the rock.B.Strontium atoms are hard to detect at the normal temperature.C.It cannot date sediments.D.It is time-consuming.(4).Which of the following is the major factor that affects the accuracy of potassium dating?（分数：2.00）A.the number of the mineral poresB.the number of missing argon atomsC.external temperatureD.mineral temperature(5).The underlined word "cosmic" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.（分数：2.00）A.radioactiveanicC.terrestrialD.universalToday"s college students are more narcissistic (自恋的) and self-centered than their predecessors, according to a comprehensive new study by five psychologists who worry that the trend could be harmful to personal relationships and American society."We need to stop endlessly repeating "You"re special" and having children repeat that back," said the study"s lead author, Professor Jean Twenge of San Diego State University. "Kids areself-centered enough already. Unfortunately, narcissism can also have very negative consequences for society, including the breakdown of close relationships with others," he said. The study asserts that narcissists "are more likely to have romantic relationships that are short-lived, at risk for infidelity, lack emotional warmth, and to exhibit game-playing, dishonesty, and over-controlling and violent behaviors". Twenge, the author of "Generation Me: Why Today"s Young Americans Are More Confident, Assertive, Entitled- and More Miserable Than Ever Before", said narcissists tend to lack empathy, react aggressively to criticism and favor self-promotion over helping others.Some analysts have commended today"s young people for increased commitment to volunteer work. But Twenge viewed even this phenomenon skeptically, noting that many high schools require community service and many youths feel pressure to list such endeavors on college applications. Campbell said the narcissism upsurge seemed so pronounced(非常明显的)that he was unsure if there were obvious remedies. "Permissiveness seems to be a component," he said. "A potential antidote would be more authoritative parenting. Less indulgence might be called for."Yet students, while acknowledging some legitimacy to such findings, don"t necessarily accept negative generalizations about their generation.Hanady Kader, a University of Washington senior, said she worked unpaid last summer helping resettle refugees and considers many of her peers to be civic-minded. But she is dismayed (气馁；灰心) by the competitiveness of some students who seem prematurely focused on career status. "We"re encouraged a lot to be individuals and go out there and do what you want, and nobody shouldstand in your way," Kader said. "I can see goals and ambitions getting in the way of other things like relationships."Kari Dalane, a University of Vermont sophomore, says most of her contemporaries are politically active and not overly self-centered. "People are worried about themselves--but in the sense of where are they"re going to find a place in the world," she said. "People want to look their best, have a good time, but it doesn"t mean they"re not concerned about the rest of the world." Besides, some of the responses on the narcissism test might not be worrisome, Dalane said. "It would be more depressing if people answered, "No, you are not special.""（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, a narcissistic person may______（分数：2.00）A.hate criticismB.be dishonest to his / her partnerC.be unwilling to help othersD.all the above(2).The italicized word "commended"(Line 1, Para.3) means______（分数：2.00）A.praisedB.criticizedC.recommendedD.disfavored(3).Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Narcissism may result in bad consequences.B.College students are active to participate in volunteer work.C.Some people doubt whether there are remedies to counter the narmssism upsurge.D.Some college students are overly engaged in self-promotion.(4).It is implied that______（分数：2.00）A.both the researchers and college students are worried about the trend of narcissismB.the researchers and college students disagree on the findings of the studyC.the researchers and college students disagree on some of the findings of the studyD.college students are pessimistic about their future(5).It is proper to be______when you hear someone say "you are special".（分数：2.00）A.objectiveB.pessimisticC.optimisticD.worried三、Part Ⅲ Cloze(总题数：1，分数：20.00)For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But for the people who cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very much like another, and they do not make the voyage for the 1 of its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feel 2 to go to bed and pleased when the journey 3 . On the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went to bed 4 earlier than Usual. When I 5 my cabin, I was surprised 6 that I was to have a companion during my trip, which made me feel a little unhappy. I had expected 7 but there was a suitcase 8 mine in the opposite corner. I wondered who he could be and what he would be like. Soon afterwards he came in. He was the sort of man you might meet 9 , except that he was wearing 10 good clothes that I made up my mind that we would not 11 whoever he was and did not say 12 . As I had expected, he did not talk to me either but went to bed immediately.I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night.I felt cold but covered 13 as well as I could and tried to go back to sleep. Then I realized thata 14 was coming from somewhere. I thought perhaps I had forgotten 15 the door, so I got up 16 the door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming from the window opposite. I crossed the room and 17 , the moon shone through it on to the other bed. 18 there.It took me a minute or two to 19 the door myself. I realized that my companion 20 through the window into the sea.（分数：20.00）A.reasonB.motiveC.causeD.sakeA.tired enoughB.enough tiredC.enough tiringD.enough tiringA.is achievedB.finishC.is overD.is in the endA.quiteB.ratherC.fairlyD.somehowA.arrived inB.reached toC.arrived toD.reached atA.for seeingB.that I sawC.at seeingD.to seeA.being lonelyB.to be lonelyC.being aloneD.to be aloneA.likeB.asC.similar thanD.the same thatA.in each placeB.for all partsC.somewhereD.anywhereA.a soB.soC.such aD.suchA.treat together wellB.pass together wellC.get on well togetherD.go by well togetherA.him a single wordB.him not one wordC.a single word to himD.not one word to himA.up meB.up myselfC.up to myselfD.myself upA.draftB.voiceC.airD.soundA.to closeB.closingC.to have to closeD.for closingA.to shutB.for shuttingC.in shuttingD.but shutA.while doing like thatB.as I did like thatC.as I did soD.at doing soA.It was no oneB.There was no oneC.It was anyoneD.There was anyoneA.remind to lockB.remember to lockC.remind lockingD.remember lockingA.had to jumpB.was to have jumpedC.must have jumpedD.could be jumped四、Part Ⅳ Translation(总题数：1，分数：-1.00)11.The hardest hit of all that week were Wall Street"s specialist firms, the traders who were charged with maintaining orderly markets. That task required them to purchase stocks when there were no other buyers and to make sales when other sellers disappeared. Until the end of that week, a total 52 specialist lb-ms had worked on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange: each had handled the shares of 20 to 30 specified Big Board companies. on Black Monday, the specialists grimly fulfilled their responsibilities, buying millions of shares as prices plunged all around them. Their losses could amount to as much as $ 50 million. Securities firms outside Wall Street also felt mortal pain. The 4,500 accounts of the New York Stock Exchange member were taken over by Rodman & Renshaw, a Chicago firm.（分数：-1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________五、Part Ⅴ Writing(总题数：1，分数：20.00)12.1．优秀的科研工作者需要具备什么素质?2．举例说明这些素质的重要性。
清华大学考博英语词汇复习之基础部分29
清华大学考博英语词汇复习之基础部分29306.be in favour with受宠,受偏爱;out of favour with失宠,不受宠307.in one’s favour(=to one’s advantage)对.有利308.(be)favourable to(=advantageous)有利的309.fear for(=be afraid for the safety of sb.or sth.)为…担心310.for fear of(=in case of;because of anxiety about)以防,由于怕311.in fear of(=afraid for the safety of)担心312.feed(sb.)on sth.靠吃…,用…喂养313.be fed up with(=be unhappy,tired about sth.dull)厌烦,腻了314.feel like(=have a desire for)想要315.fill in填写316.fill out(=fill in)填写317.set the world on fire=set the flames on fire(=do sth.remarkable)有突出成就318.play with fire(=take great risks)干冒险事319.set sth.on fire(=set fire to sth.)使..着火,放火320.at first sight(=when first seen)乍一看,一见321.for the first time第一次(作状语)322.in the first place首先,第一323.fit into刚好放入324.fit in with(=suit,fall into agreement)合适,相配,一致325.(be)fit for(=right and suitable for)适合326.focus on(=concentrate on)集中在…;focus sth.on把…集中在…上327.be fond of喜欢328.(be)in force有效,实施329.go into force开始生效330.by force靠武力,强行331.force…on把…强加给…332.in the form of以…形式333.be fortunate in幸运,有好运气334.free of charge免费335.be freed from免受,没有…336.in front of在…前面;in the front of在…前部337.furnish…with(=supply)向…提供338.in general(=in most cases,usually)通常（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) 339.catch(or get)a glimpse of瞥见(强调结果)take a glance(or look)at看一眼(强调动作)340.be good for对…有好处;对…有作用;be good at擅长于;be good to对…好341.in good time(=early)早早地(做完.到达等)342.for good(=for ever)永远地,长期地343.take…for granted(=assume to be true)把…认为理所当然的.344.be grateful to sb.for sth因…感谢某人345.on the ground(s)fo(=because of)由于…346.fall to the ground(计划.希望等)失败,落空347.on one’s guard(against)谨防,警惕;(be)on guard站岗348.guard against(=defend,keep safe)警惕,防止guard…against警卫…防止349.guess at猜,估计350.by guess靠猜351.be guilty of犯有…罪或过失352.be in the habit of习惯于353.break off(a habit)改掉(某种习惯)354.break sb.of(a habit)使某人改掉(某习惯)355.get(fall)into the habit of养成了…的习惯e to a halt(=stop)停止;停住357.at hand在手边,眼前(附近)358.by hand用手工(做)359.hand in glove(with)狼狈为奸,密切合作360.in hand1)在手边2)(=under control)控制住361.in the hands of由…掌握,控制,负责362.live from hand to mouth勉强度日,现挣现吃363.at the head of在…的前头本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
清华大学考博英语
清华大学考博复习资料1．Abandon Abandon The The The match match match was was was abandoned abandoned abandoned because because because of of of bad bad weather. Ban /abolish /abort /cancel /cross out /wipe out /put off /delay Desert Desert /forsake /forsake /forsake /leave /leave /cease /cease /depart /depart /depart /discard /discard / relinquish /surrender /quit /withdraw /give up （24） *Abandon oneself to 沉湎于，放纵（感情）沉湎于，放纵（感情）沉湎于，放纵（感情） *ban sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事禁止某人做某事 *Cancel sth out 抵消抵消抵消 *Cross out 划掉，勾掉（错误的内容） Cross sb’s mind （注意、想法等）闪现，掠过（注意、想法等）闪现，掠过 Cross Cross sth sth sth off off 划掉，删去（已处理过或不再需要的东西） *wipe out 磨灭磨灭 表示放弃、取消等意思的时候一定是ing 形式 Wipe sth down （用湿布）把（表面）擦干净（用湿布）把（表面）擦干净 Wipe sth up （用布）擦净（用布）擦净 *put up with 忍耐忍耐忍耐 容忍（讨厌的人或事） Put up 建造（房屋）搭起（帐篷）； Put sth up 1、张贴张贴（布告等）（布告等）；2、抬高，提高（价格等）；3、出卖； Put sb up 为…提供食宿； Put sb up to 纵容，鼓动，教唆 *Put out 熄灭；使不安，激怒；熄灭；使不安，激怒； Put sth out 出版，发布；出版，发布； Put oneself out 自找麻烦自找麻烦自找麻烦 put an end to = stop it 停止做某事停止做某事 put the blame on 归罪于归罪于 put to death 处死处死 put it right 改正改正 put paid to 毁坏，破坏，结束毁坏，破坏，结束 Put sth about 散布（谣言等）散布（谣言等） Put sth across/over 解释，说明；清楚地表达自己解释，说明；清楚地表达自己的意思的意思 Put sth aside 1、把（某事）撇开不理，不考虑；2、（为特殊目的）而储蓄；3、放下（手里的活）；4、留出（一段时间） Put sth away 把…收起来；储存 Put sb /sth down 1、一再当众批评一再当众批评（某人）（某人）；2、付（订金）；3、写下，记下；4、宰杀；5、镇压（革命、反叛等），击败；6、着陆；7、贬低贬低 羞辱；8、～ as （没有充分根据就）认为（某人）是…；9、 ～for 把（某人）登记在参加者的名单上，登记注册；10、*～to 把…归因于归因于 Put sth forth (树)长出叶子 Put (sb./sth.) forward 1、提出（计划、建议等）；2、将…提前；3、向前拨；、向前拨； Put in 1、安装（设备）、安装（设备）；2、花费（时间作某事）；3、插话；4、提交、提交 提出（要求）；5、选举；6、（船）进港；进港； Put in for 提出正式要求提出正式要求 Put into 把…加进加进 加上；（船）进港 *Put sb /sth off 1、推迟、推迟 延期；2、搪塞，敷衍，推诿；3、阻止，劝阻； *Put sb off sth 阻止, 使气馁 Put sb /sth on 1、穿上，戴上；2、打开（灯或电器装置）；3、播放；4、装出，假装；5、增加，提高；6、上演、上演 演出；7、提供；8、欺骗，哄骗；9、增加；、增加； Put (sb.) onto 提供关于提供关于…的信息的信息 Put through 把（电话）接通； Put sth through 使（某人）做（不愉快或困难的事）；做成做成 完成（一件工作） Put sb through 使经历，使经受使经历，使经受使经历，使经受 *Put to 1、向…提问，向…提议；2、Put sb /sth to sth 使经受…考验；3、Put sb to sth 使处于…状态 Put together 形成一个团体；合在一起；使构成整体 Desert /forsake *Delay doing sth 推迟，延期推迟，延期 leave over 剩下的，狼藉的样子；剩下的，狼藉的样子； Leave sth to sb 教某人做某事 leave off 忘记某人 Leave sb/sth out 忽略，遗漏忽略，遗漏忽略，遗漏 Leave it at that 到此为止到此为止 Leave go/hold of 松开，放开松开，放开松开，放开 Leave for 去哪里去哪里 cease *depart from 背离，违反（惯例、传统等） *discard v. 扔掉，弃置扔掉，弃置 *Surrender to sb /sth 投降、听任某物摆布 get out ：走出去；滚；：走出去；滚；：走出去；滚； get away with 胜利逃脱；做了（坏事）而未受惩胜利逃脱；做了（坏事）而未受惩罚 Get away To escape （从犯罪现场）脱身bug out get through 1、to reach someone, esp. by telephone （尤指通过电话）与某人取得联系；2、to (cause to) be understand understand by by by sb. sb. （使）某人理解；3、to(cause to(cause to) to) successfully to the end of （使）成功（使）成功 ，（使）完成（使）完成 Get Get across across across To To To (cause (cause (cause to) to) to) be be be understand understand understand (esp. (esp. (esp. by by by a a large group) （使）被理解（尤指一大群人） Get ahead To advance (beyond someone or sth) 前进，进步（超越某人或某事）进，进步（超越某人或某事） Get along 1、Leave, move away 走开走开走开 离开；2、go well 进展进展 顺利进行；3、to continue (often in spite of difficult) （常指不顾困难）继续下去; 4、= get on 相处相处得好得好 合得来 Get around/round to find time 找到时间，有时间（做某事） Get back 1、To return, esp. go home 回去回去 回家；2、重新掌权；3、～、～ at someone 报复报复 反击 Get by To continue one’s way of life 度日，过活；to be good enough but not bad 尚好，过得去尚好，过得去 Get down 1、艰难咽下；、艰难咽下；2、写下，记下；3、（get sb. down ）使紧张，使难过 Get down to 开始认真对待开始认真对待开始认真对待 Get in 1、到达，进入，进去（交通工具）；2、（get sb. in ）请人（到家里）帮忙；3、插话；4、to take part in 参与 Get into 同get in ； (get sb. Into sth) 使…陷入困境 up the creek ；to learn or become accustomed to 学会，熟悉，习惯于熟悉，习惯于 Get off 离开；下（交通工具）；逃脱惩罚；逃脱惩罚 Get on 1、同、同get along ；2、变迟，变老；3、继续（常指在中断之后）；4、取得成功；5、坐上，骑上；6、登上；登上； Get on for （时间、年龄、距离等的）接近 Get onto (无被动语态) 交谈，写信，联系，接触；查出查出 识破某人的骗局；开始谈论，着手干 Get out of 1、逃避责任；2、能够停止或摆脱；3、逼出；4、to gain from 从…得到 Get Get over over 完成，结束（一般指不愉快的事）；复原，恢复（健康、快乐等）； Get around 钻空子，利用…漏洞；说服某人漏洞；说服某人 Get together 集会，聚会；集会，聚会； Get Get up up 起床；（风，火等）增强，加剧；数量增大；大； Get up to 到达到达To reach be given to 喜欢喜欢 Give sb /sth away 1 Give sb /sth away 1、赠送赠送（礼物）（礼物）（礼物）颁发颁发颁发（奖品）（奖品）；2、表露，流露；3、泄露（秘密）；4、（因做蠢事）丧失，丢失；5、（在婚礼上）将新娘交给新郎；（在婚礼上）将新娘交给新郎； Give sb Back sth 1 Give sb Back sth 1、归还，恢复；2、使（某人）恢复（品质、能力和特点） Give in 1 Give in 1、屈服，让步；2、呈上，交上； Give of Give of 献出（自身或某物）以帮助他人献出（自身或某物）以帮助他人献出（自身或某物）以帮助他人 Give off Give off 发出，放出（气体、气味等）发出，放出（气体、气味等）发出，放出（气体、气味等） Give out Give out 分发；用完，用尽分发；用完，用尽 Give over Give over 停止停止停止 *Give up *Give up 放弃，停止；停止尝试；认为没救了；放弃，停止；停止尝试；认为没救了；投案2．Abide W e have to abide by the rules of the game. (Abide /observe /discover /adapt) Her Her fame will abide for sure. Last /endure / continue /persist /remain /stay (10) *Abide by 遵守（法律）、信守（协议） *observe sb doing sth 看到，注意到 discover *Adapt (+to) （使）适应，（使）适合（使）适合 Be well adapted to 特别适应 Adapt (+for) 改造，改装改造，改装 *at (long) last 最终，终于最终，终于最终，终于 endure / continue *persist in (doing) 坚持，执意坚持，执意坚持，执意 *stay on （在通常的时间以后）（在通常的时间以后）继续留下工作（学习）3．You have to keep ______ with the times. Abreast up /catch up with /go along with /fit in with （4） Keep abreast of 了解了解…的最新情况 *catch on 1、开始变得流行；、开始变得流行；2、理解，开始明白 Catch sight of 一时见到，注意到一时见到，注意到 catch (sb) out 1、使某人措手不及；2、发觉某人的错误的错误 catch sb doing 当场抓住当场抓住 *catch up 1、赶上赶上 拉平；2、～ with 追上，超过；3、～、～ on 补做（工作）； catch up in 被卷入，被牵涉被卷入，被牵涉 Catch at 尽力抓住 *Go off 1、爆炸，铃声大作；、爆炸，铃声大作；2、（机器）停止运转；3、进行得（成功或失败）；4、变质，（食物）变坏；5、go go off off off (sb./sth.) (sb./sth.) 失去兴趣，不再喜欢；6、入睡，失去知觉；停止进行；*go off with 携…潜逃，带…私奔； Go about (sth.) 着手，开始工作；从事着手，开始工作；从事 Go after (sb /sth) 追逐，追求；设法获得追逐，追求；设法获得 Go against (sb /sth) 1、违反，违背，反对；2、不利于；3、与…不符不符 go ahead 1、开始，继续；、开始，继续；2、先走、先走 Go along 继续；赞同，支持 *Go along with 同意，赞成，支持同意，赞成，支持同意，赞成，支持 Go around /round 1、经常做某事（尤指不赞成的事）；2、通常（穿着），习惯于；3、（疾病）传播，流行；4、（与某人一起）在公共场所露面；5、足够分配；6、转动，旋转 Go Go at/for at/for at/for (sb.) (sb.) (sb.) 11、（无被动）袭击；2、攻击，打击；击； Go away 1、离开，走开；、离开，走开；2、外出 Go back 1、返回，回复；、返回，回复；2、、追溯到 Go back on (sth.) 食言，毁约食言，毁约 Go by 1、过去，经过（时间或地点）、过去，经过（时间或地点）；2、（无被动）依照…做，遵守；3、根据…做判断go by the name of 称为称为 go down 1、下楼；、下楼；2、（质量、标准等）下降，降低；3、下沉；4、消肿；5、被接受；被记录下来；6、到达，延伸到；7、往南去；8、输了（比赛），降级；9、（计算机）暂停运转，死机；10、（灯光）暗下来；11、～with 感染上（传染病） go far 有成就，成功；满足许多需要 go too far 太过分太过分太过分 Go for sb /sth 1、去参加某种活动2、攻击，抨击；3、争取得到；4、同Go at/for (sb.)；喜欢，被…吸引；5、同Go after (sb./sth.)；6、包括…在内，可适用于；7、出售 Go in for (sth.) 1、参加，从事（技能、知识竞赛）；2、惯于，爱好、惯于，爱好 Go into (sth.) 1、进入，加入（地方、职业等）；2、被用在…；3、详细解释；4、探究，彻底调查5、（汽车等）撞在…上；上； *Go on 1、继续下去；、继续下去；2、转而做另一件事；3、发生；4、以（某事）为根据（做出判断）5、（时间）过去；6、开始运转，使工作，实施；7、抱怨不停；喋喋不休；8、接近（年龄、时间等）、接近（年龄、时间等） go out 1、（为了娱乐）离家，出门，经常出外消遣；（去远方）旅行；2、交往，谈恋爱；3、（灯）熄灭；4、广播；5、出国；6、落潮，过时；7、公开，公布；8、对…充满同情；9、（时间）结束 Go over (sth.) 1、走近；2、查看，仔细检查；3、重读，重看；4、转向，改变（信仰等）；5、转播；6、清除，打扫； Go through (sth.) 1、经受，经历，忍受；2、用光；3、通过，被接受；4、得到正式认可，被批准；5、磨破，穿破；6、练习，排练；7、仔细检查；8、从头到尾阅读尾阅读 Go Go through through through with with with (sth.) (sth.) （常指艰难地）完成，做完 Go to (sth.) 使经历；使经历；进入，开始经历（某一状态） go together （两件事物）互相协调，相配 go under 下沉，沉没 Go up 上升；被建造起来；炸毁，被烧毁上升；被建造起来；炸毁，被烧毁 *Go with (sth.) 1、与…相配，适合于；2、伴随，陪伴；3、同意，接受（看法）、同意，接受（看法） Go Go without without without (sth) (sth) 同do do without; without; without; it it it goes goes goes without without saying 不言而喻不言而喻 Fit in 1、（因为有共同的兴趣和爱好）被他人接受；2、fit sb /sth in 安排时间做某事（见某人）；3、*fit in with 使某事适合于使某事适合于 4．Absorb He was absorbed in a book and didn't hear you call. Engage /occupy /bend over /involve /be busy with (6) *Be absorbed in 吸引（某人）吸引（某人），使专心，使专心 be absorbed into 并入，吞并并入，吞并 absorption with/in 专注 *Engage sb to do sth 安排雇用安排雇用 Engage in 参加，参与参加，参与 *be occupied with 忙于做某事忙于做某事 *Bend the rules 通融通融 Bend Bend one’s one’s mind mind /effort /effort /effort /thoughts /thoughts /thoughts to to 专心致志于…，集中全力于… Bend over backwards (to do sth) 竭尽全力做某事 *Involve doing sth 包含，包含，包含，包括，包括，包括，需要需要 Involve sb in sth 要求（允许）参与 *Be busy with 正在工作的，无空闲的正在工作的，无空闲的 Busy doing with 忙于做某事忙于做某事5．Abundant /rich The rivers and forests of the New World were abundant in fish and game. *An abundance of 丰富，充裕丰富，充裕丰富，充裕 In abundance 充满了，丰富的充满了，丰富的 Abundantly clear 显而易见 *rich (+in) 富含…的；丰富的；的；丰富的；6．access In many schools, students don't have sufficient access to the library. W ay /approach /approach /solution /solution /solution /answer /answer /answer / / / Accessible Accessible Accessible /available /available /handy /ready /convenient /obtainable /at hand (12) *Have access to 有权做某事有权做某事 *Stand in the way of = prevent 阻碍…实施 Right of way 有权有权 *be Under way = start 开始；在进行中 *Get one’s own way 自行其是；随心所欲；为所欲为 *Give way 退让；让步；屈服 Have it both ways 左右逢源，见风使舵左右逢源，见风使舵 *In a way 某种方法，某一方面某种方法，某一方面 In no way 无论如何，决不无论如何，决不 In the way /in sb’s way 挡住去路，碍事挡住去路，碍事 *By the way 顺便顺便 By way of 当做，用作，作为当做，用作，作为当做，用作，作为 *approach sb for 接洽，交涉接洽，交涉 Approach sb /sth about (doing) （同上） *Answer back 回嘴，反驳回嘴，反驳 Answer for 对…负责；担保负责；担保 Answer Answer to to 对（某人）负责，对（某事，尤指错事）做出解释 （antenna ） *Come in handy 迟早有用迟早有用迟早有用 *ready to do sth 准备好了做 *convenient for sb /sth 方便的，合宜的方便的，合宜的 *Hand down 传下来，传给；宣布，宣判；传下来，传给；宣布，宣判； Hand over 移交，拿给移交，拿给 Hand around 060917 7．His words are never in _____ with his deeds. (Situation /accordance /according /fit) /fit) I'm in agreement with Mr. Moore. In agreement In agreement with /be compatible with /comply with /conform to /be in proportion to (9) Of your own accord 出于自愿，主动地 With one accord 一致地一致地 In accordance with （正式）按照，依照（正式）按照，依照 According According to 据…所说；～所说；～ (as) 【英，正式】按照按照 Fit in 1、（因为有共同的兴趣和爱好）被他人接受；2、fit sb /sth in 安排时间做某事（见某人）；3、fit in with 使某事适合于使某事适合于 *be In agreement with 一致同意一致同意 *be compatible with 兼容，一致兼容，一致兼容，一致 *comply with 服从，遵守服从，遵守 *conform to 遵守（法律、规定等）遵守（法律、规定等） *be in proportion to （与某物）成比例，相称 8．Account He asked no one's advice; he did it on his own (account).independently Y Y ou have to take everything into account /consideration /Attention /regard /respect /mind Give Give us an account of what happened. Story /reason /information /description /tale /statement He He has has has been been been asked asked asked to to to account account account for for for his his his absence. absence. (Describe /tell /relate / Describe (19) N.*Take sth into account/take account of 把某事考虑在内，思考虑在内，思考 On account of 因为，由于因为，由于因为，由于 On account 赊帐 By/from all account 根据各方面所说根据各方面所说根据各方面所说 V . Account for Account for 是…原因，= answer for ；对…做出（满意的）解释（满意的）解释 Count in (out on) = back on; rely on; *Take sth into consideration 考虑到某事 Attention *as regards 至于，关于 *Respect for 考虑，顾及，重视 In respect of 关于，有关关于，有关关于，有关 With respect to With respect to 关于，谈到 *Make up one’s mind 做出决定，拿主意；做出决定，拿主意； Take one’s mind off sth 不再想某件（烦心事） Keep /bear sth in mind 记住某事（有用或重要的信息） Stick in one’s mind 对（名字、细节等）对（名字、细节等）经久不忘经久不忘 Put one’s mind to 专心于… Keep one’s mind on 专心于… Story *by reason of （正式）因为（正式）因为… Reason to do sth （正确或充分的）理由做某事（正确或充分的）理由做某事 Reason sth out （通过推理）解释，解决（通过推理）解释，解决 Reason with 与…讲道理，说服讲道理，说服 *for information only 仅供参考仅供参考 description /tale /statement Describe *Tell off 责备，斥责；叫出（做某事）责备，斥责；叫出（做某事） Tell on 告发 Tell against sb 不利于不利于… Tell sb /sth apart 区分，区别 Tell of 描绘，描述 *Relate to 1、有关，涉及；、有关，涉及；2、与…直接相关；3、与…和睦相处；4、认同，产生共鸣 *to say the least 至少可以说 to say nothing of 更不用说，何况更不用说，何况 *explain sth away 通过解释消除（某事的影响）通过解释消除（某事的影响），辩解9．Acquire to acquire a good knowledge of English. Attain /obtain /gain /earn /secure （6） Acquire 得到；掌握，获得；～得到；掌握，获得；～ a a taste taste taste for for 开始喜欢上 Attain /obtain *Gain (sth) from （使从某种局面、机会或事件中）受益，获利受益，获利 Gain the upper hand 占上风，处于有利地位，控制 Gain currency （某种观点）流行起来 There’s nothing to be gained 无济于事 Gain ground 稳步发展， Gain on /upon 逼近，赶上逼近，赶上 Earn /secure10．Active He is very active in politics. Energetic Energetic /spirited /lively /dynamic /excited /enthusiastic （7） *Active duty 现役现役 Be active in (doing) sth 积极参加活动 *group *group dynamics dynamics 群体动态（指某一团体成员之间的相互行为和态度）间的相互行为和态度） （以上99） 060920 11．Adapt To our delight, she quickly adapted (herself) to the situation. Adjust Adjust /accommodate /accommodate /accommodate /alter /alter /alter /vary /vary /vary /arrange /arrange /arrange /modify /modify /make fit （8） *Adapt (+to) （使）适应，（使）适合（使）适合 Adapt for (+for) 改造，改装改造，改装改造，改装 Be well adapted to 特别适应 *Adjust (+to) 适应，使适合适应，使适合 *accommodate to 使适应，顺应使适应，顺应 alter /vary *Arrange to do sth 安排，筹划安排，筹划 modify *Make V . Make a start(+on /with) 开始做某事开始做某事 ～ believe (that)假装假装 to pretend ； ～ sb do sth 强迫某人做某事；强迫某人做某事；be made to do sth ～ do with sth. 将就，凑合用；将就，凑合用；将就，凑合用； ～ it 1、及时赶到；2、成功；3、能参加、出现；4、（在生病或事故之后）活下来；（在生病或事故之后）活下来； ～ it up 和解，和好和解，和好 Make it up for （用好东西）赔偿，偿还；（用好东西）赔偿，偿还； Make up to (sb.) 企图得到…欢心；make (it) up to （用好东西）赔偿，偿还；（用好东西）赔偿，偿还； make one’s way 闯出一条路，闯出一条路， make time 抽出时间抽出时间 ～ living (doing sth) （做某事）为生；（做某事）为生； ～ or break (使)完全成功或彻底失败；完全成功或彻底失败； *make away with 带着东西逃跑带着东西逃跑; bug out Make at 采用什么手段 Make for sth. 向…（快速）走去；导致,有利于，倾向倾向 Make sb /sth into 将…制成；制成； Make (sth.) of (sth.) 理解，看待；对待，处理； Make off 仓皇逃走仓皇逃走 Make out 1、（费力）理解，辨认出；2、（以完整的形式）填写，开列；3、（泛指在商业、人际关系或生活中）成功；4、声称，假装；5、把…说成是，说成是，声称声称（尤指自己）重要；指自己）重要； Make (sth.) over （尤指法律上的）转让，转交 Make up 1、编造，虚构；2、化妆；整理备用；3、补足；4、（make sth. up ）偿还，归还；）偿还，归还；5、（争吵后）和解 12．Accustom She is ______to living in comfort. (Accustomed /used /addict /be familiar with) (4) *Accustom oneself to 使某人习惯于使某人习惯于 Be accustomed to (doing) sth 习惯（做）某事习惯（做）某事 *Be used to (doing) 习惯（做）某事习惯（做）某事 Used to do sth 过去常做某事 Use sb to do sth 利用某人做某事利用某人做某事 Be in use （机器、场所等）在使用中（机器、场所等）在使用中 *addicted (+to) 对…上瘾的 *be familiar with 通晓，熟悉通晓，熟悉通晓，熟悉 13．Admit It will take you half an hour to get to the station, allowing for traffic delays. (Allow (Allow /admit /admit /accept /accept /permit /permit /permit /receive /receive /receive /confess /confess /acknowledge /adopt) (8) *Allow sb to do sth 允许，容许，准许允许，容许，准许 Allow for 考虑，顾及 *Admit of (sth) 【正式】允许有【正式】允许有【正式】允许有 Admit (to) doing sth 承认（做错了事、犯了罪）承认（做错了事、犯了罪） * Accept sth from sb 接受，同意做接受，同意做 *permit sb to do sth 【正式】允许，准许做某事【正式】允许，准许做某事 Permit of 容许有，允许有 receive *confess to doing sth 承认（使自己尴尬的事情）承认（使自己尴尬的事情） *Be acknowledge as 被公认为是被公认为是… *adopt an approach /strategy /policy 采用某方法、战略、政策等战略、政策等060923 14．Adequate Adequate Their Their Their earnings earnings earnings are are are barely barely barely adequate adequate adequate to to to their their needs. Enough /sufficient /satisfactory /plenty /ample (6) *Adequate to do sth 可以胜任的 *enough to do sth 足够做…事 Near enough 几乎，差不多几乎，差不多 *Sufficient to do sth 足够做某事足够做某事 satisfactory *plenty (+of) 丰富，大量，众多 Plenty big /bright enough 非常（足够）大（明亮）的 In plenty 供应充足，多得很供应充足，多得很 ample 15．Advantage The great advantage we have over them is that they are short of money. Benefit Benefit /gain /gain /gain upper upper upper hand hand hand /interest /interest /interest /profit /profit /profit /harvest /harvest /crop /earnings /returns (9) *Take advantage of sb （不公正地）利用某人，占便宜便宜 Take advantage of sth （巧妙地）利用某物（巧妙地）利用某物 *benefit (+from /by) 获益，受益，得到好处获益，受益，得到好处 *Gain the upper hand 占上风，占上风，处于有利地位，处于有利地位，处于有利地位，控控制 Gain (sth) from （使从某种局面、机会或事件中）受益，获利 Gain currency （某种观点）流行起来 There’s nothing to be gained 无济于事 Gain ground 稳步发展稳步发展 Gain on /upon 逼近，赶上逼近，赶上逼近，赶上 *be in the public /national interest 出于公众、国家利益 *Profit by /from 从中获益，取得教训从中获益，取得教训从中获益，取得教训 *reap a harvest 获得成果；尝到苦果获得成果；尝到苦果获得成果；尝到苦果 *A crop of 一群一群（同时到达的人），一批一批（同时发（同时发生的事） Crop up （尤指问题）突然发生（出现） *in return (for) （作为（作为…的）交换（回报）的）交换（回报）16．Aim His aim is to win the game. Purpose /intention /goal /end /target /objective /motive /destination (9) Aim *On purpose 故意（地）故意（地） For the purpose of 为了…目的目的 *(have <no>) intention (of doing) to do sth （不）打算做某事 with the intention of doing 意图，目的，打算意图，目的，打算 Intention to do sth 目标是 *No end 非常非常 No end of 大量的，许多大量的，许多 Make (both) ends meet 收支仅能相抵 target /objective /motive /destination （以上143） 060926 17．Amass He amassed a great fortune in twenty years. Accumulate Accumulate /assemble /assemble /assemble /gather /gather /gather /increase /increase /increase /collect /collect /collect /compile /compile /heap up /store up Mass /bulk /quantity /load /amount /volume /accumulation /pile/heap /crowd /multitude /pack /gang (22) Figure /digit /measure Amass Accumulate assemble*gather around /round 聚拢过来聚拢过来Gather sth in 收（庄稼）收（庄稼） Gather sth together /up 集拢，拾拢 *compile sth from /for sth 编辑，编纂，编制，汇编 *heap up （杂乱地）堆积，堆放 *be in store 将要发生，将要出现将要发生，将要出现将要发生，将要出现 Store up 储存；制造（麻烦） *A mass of 大量，大宗大量，大宗大量，大宗 Masses of 许多的，大量的 The masses 群众，平民群众，平民 *the bulk (of sth) （某物的）主要部分，大半 In bulk 整批的，大批的 Bulk sth out 使膨胀，看起来更厚实，充实使膨胀，看起来更厚实，充实 *quantity of 若干数量；大量，许多若干数量；大量，许多 *load sb /sth down 给（某人）过重的负担 No amount of sth will do sth 毫无结果，毫无影响毫无结果，毫无影响 *Amount to sth 总计，达到总计，达到 not amount to much /anything 没多大了不起没多大了不起 *A pile of /(also) piles of 一大堆，大量一大堆，大量 Pile in /into 拥进，挤进拥进，挤进 Pile on 过分地称赞、批评等；过分夸大坏的情况 Pile out 挤出，蜂拥而出挤出，蜂拥而出 Pile up 堆积，积累 *crowd sb /sth out 把…挤出，排挤挤出，排挤 *pack sth away 将（某物）收拾起来将（某物）收拾起来将（某物）收拾起来 Pack sb /sth in 吸引（大批的人）；把（太多东西）塞入； Pack sb /sth off 把打发走，撵走把打发走，撵走 Pack up 完成工作，停工；（机器）出故障，失灵；停止做某事做某事*a multitude of 【正式或文】大批，大量，大群，众多【正式或文】大批，大量，大群，众多【正式或文】大批，大量，大群，众多 The multitude 大众，民众 *figure sth /sb out 想出，理解（某事）；看透，理解（某人）*Half measure 折中办法折中办法 Measure sb /sth against （用比较的方法）评判（用比较的方法）评判 Measure out 量出量出Measure up 合格，达到标准合格，达到标准18．Ambitious These young men were ambitious for success and money. Eager for /longing for / hopeful for /wish for /crave for /be set on /be bent on /be intent upon *be ambitious for sb 希望某人成功希望某人成功 *Eager for 急于得到 *longing for 渴望，盼望 *wish for sth 最理想的；默默期盼最理想的；默默期盼最理想的；默默期盼 Wish sth away 希望（不愉快的事）自行消失希望（不愉快的事）自行消失希望（不愉快的事）自行消失 *crave for 渴望，热望；恳求，请求 *Set the table 准备饭菜准备饭菜准备饭菜 *Set on 攻击；使攻击，使追逐； set aside 存钱存钱 set sth in See to sb/sth 照顾，照料 set up 1、建造，设立；2、安排（会议），建立（制度）；3、安装，架设；4、树起，垒起，设置；、树起，垒起，设置； Set out 同set off；开始一项行动；set sth. out 同Set forth阐明；陈列，布置；动身踏上；按顺序拜访 Set in （疾病或不好的天气）来临而且（也许）持续持续 Set foot in/on 登上，涉足，访问登上，涉足，访问登上，涉足，访问 Set short by 重视重视重视 Set the pace 定出步调，速率定出步调，速率 Set to work 开始工作开始工作开始工作 *Set about (sth.) 开始做，开始；以（某种方式）开始做，开始；以（某种方式）处理；攻击处理；攻击 Set sb /sth against 彼此均衡，从…减去；敌对，使与（某人）对立； *Set apart 使（某人或某物）与众不同；留出（作某种用途） *Set (sth.) aside 另外存放；拨出；置之不理另外存放；拨出；置之不理 Set (sth.) back 使倒退；推迟；使倒退；推迟；Set (sb.) back (sth.) 使某人花费 Set (sb./sth.) down 写，写，记下；制定，规定；将（车）停下让下车停下让下车 Set forth 陈述观点，阐明；出发，启程陈述观点，阐明；出发，启程 Set off 1、出发，动身；、出发，动身；2、引起，激发（意外事件）；3、触发；4、 引发（爆炸）；5、（衣服、颜色等）衬托（某物）很漂亮；6、激起（某人）的情感、激起（某人）的情感 *Be bent on 下决心做，专心于，埋头于下决心做，专心于，埋头于下决心做，专心于，埋头于 *Intent on /upon 专注的，专心致志的专注的，专心致志的专注的，专心致志的06092719．Amount His debt now amounts to 1,000 pounds. Add up to /approximate /total /sum up *Add up to 总的来讲，等于说 add sth to sth 把…和…放在一起 add fuel to the fire 火上浇油火上浇油 add (sth) in 加进，包括加进，包括 add (sth) on 加盖，加建；附加，增加加盖，加建；附加，增加 add to（使）增加 add up 把…加起来；not ～不合情理；积少成多 approximate /total *Sum up 概括，总结；对…做出判断20．The future of her marriage is supposed to be decided by the amount of money.Sum /measure /quantity /price /value *at any price 不惜任何代价，无论如何不惜任何代价，无论如何不惜任何代价，无论如何 Not at any price 无论如何也不21．Angle Try looking at this affair from a different angle. Aspect Aspect /view /point of view /opinion /belief /attitude /impression /notion /idea /thought /conception /judgment /theory /outlook（15）061107； *Angle for（以暗示的方法）猎取，谋求 *aspect (+of) 方面 *point of view 观点，看法观点，看法观点，看法 On view （画、照片）在展览，在陈列（画、照片）在展览，在陈列 In view of 鉴于，由于，考虑到鉴于，由于，考虑到鉴于，由于，考虑到 *opinion (+of) 意见，主张，看法 A second opinion 他人的鉴定他人的鉴定他人的鉴定 Be of the opinion (that) 认为，主张认为，主张 *Be Beyond belief 难以置信难以置信 *attitude (+towards) 心态，感觉，看法 With attitude 我行我素的打扮 *impression *impression (+of) (+of) （对人、事等的）印象，感想 Be under the impression (that) 原以为，误以为原以为，误以为 *notion (+of) （尤指错误或模糊的）概念，观点，看法看法 *spare a thought for 给（某人）一点关心给（某人）一点关心 conception /judgment /theory *outlook (+on) （对生活、世界的）看法，观点，态度态度 Outlook (+for) 前景，远景前景，远景22．Announce He had to announce the death of Johnson before the board. Proclaim Proclaim /broadcast /broadcast /broadcast /report/state /report/state /report/state /declare /declare /declare /notify /notify /tell /make known（9）061107； Announce *report back 回报，汇报回报，汇报 Report to sb 向…负责，向…报告 state *Declare against 声明反对 Declare for 声明支持 *notify sb of 通知，告知通知，告知06092923．Anticipate A g ood good good general general general can can can anticipate anticipate anticipate what what what the the enemy will do. 。
清华大学考博英语真题及答案详解知识讲解
清华大学考博英语真题及答案详解知识讲解清华大学2007年博士研究生人学考试英语试题Part I Listening Comprehension(15 points)(略）Part II Reading Comprehendon (40%)Directions ：There are 4 reading passages in this part Each passage is followed by somequestions or unfin?ished statements. For each or them there are four choices marked A，B, C andD* You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet Questions 16 to 20 are based on the foUowing passage：Sometimes，over a span of many years，a business will continue to grow，generatingever-increasing a- mounts of cash，repurchasing stock，paying increased dividends，reducing debt，opening new stores，expan?ding production facilities，moving into new markets，etc.，while atthe same tune its stock price remains stagnant (or even falls)* When this happens，the average and professional investors alike tend to overlook the company because they become familiar with the trading range.Take，for example，Wal-Mart Over the past five years，the retailing behemoth has grown sales by over 80% , profits by over 100%，and yet the stock price has fallen as much as 30% during that timeframe. Clearly, the valuation picture has changed An investor that read the annual reportback in 2000 or 2001 might have passed on the security，deeming it too expensive based on ametric such as the price to earnings ratio. Today，however, the equation is completelydifferent~despite the stock price,Wal-Mart is, in essence, trading at half its former price becauseeach share is backed by a larger dividend, twice the earnings power, more stores，and a bigger infrastructure. Home Depot is in much the same boat，largely because some Wall Street analysts question how fast two of the world's largest companies can continue to grow before their sheersize slows them down to the rate of the general economy.Coca-Cola is another excellent example of this phenomenon. Ten years ago，in 1996, the stock traded between a range of $36.10 and $54. 30 per share. At the time, it had reported earningsper share of $ 1. 40 and paid a cash dividend of $ 0. 50 per share. Corporate per share book valuewas $ 2. 48. Last year, the stock traded within a range of $ 40.30 and $ 45. 30 per share；squarely in the middle of the same area it had been nearly a decade prior! Yet，despite the stagnant stock price，the 2006 estimates Value Line In?vestment Survey estimates for earnings per share stand around $2. 16 (a rise of 54% )，the cash dividend has more than doubled to $ 1.20, book value is expected to have grown to $ 7. 40 per share (a gain ofnearly 300% )，and the total number of shares outstanding (未偿付的，未完成的）has actually decreased, from 2. 481 billion to an estimated 2, 355 billion due to the company's share repurchase program.16. This passage is probably a part of ?A. Find Hidden Value in the MarketB. Become RicherC. Get Good BargainsD. Identify Good Companies17. The italicized word“stagnant'，(line 3，Para. 1) can be best paraphrased as ?A. prominentB. terribleC. unchangedD. progressing Wal-Mart is now trading at a much lowerprice because .A. it has stored a large quantity of goodsB. it has become financially more powerfulit has been eager to collect money to prevent bankruptcyC.D. it is a good way to compete with other retailing companies19. All the following are shared by Wal-Mart and Coco-Cola EXCEPT ?A, The cash dividend has increased. B. The earning power has become stronger.C Both businesses have continued to grow^ D. The stock price has greatly decreased20. According to the author，one had better ?buy more shares when the stock price falls down A.sell out the shares when the stock price falls downB.do some research on the value of a business when its stock price falls down C.invest in the business when its stock price falls down D.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage ：Today's college students are more narcissistic(自恋的）andself-centered than their predecessors, ac?cording to a comprehensive new study by five psychologists who worry that the trend couldbe harmfiil to personal relationships and American society.u We need to stop endlessly repeating ‘You're special' and having children repeat that back”，said the study's lead author，Professor Jean Twenge of San Diego State Un iversity, “Kids are self-centered enough al?ready “Unfortunately，narcissism can also have very negative consequences for society, including the breakdown of close relationships with othars”，he said The study asserts that narcissists “are more likely to hav e romantic relationships that areshort-lived，at risk for infidelity, lack emotional warmtb，and to exhibitor game-playing，dishonesty, and.over-controlling and violent behaviors，，. Twenge, the author of “Generation Me：Why Today's Young Americans Are More Confident, Assertive, Entitled~and MoreMiserable Than Ever Before”，said narcissists tend to lack empathy，react aggressively to criticism and favor self-promotion over helping others*Some analysts have commended today's young people for increased commitment to volunteerwork But Twenge viewed even this phenomenon skeptically，noting that many high schoolsrequire community service %and many youths feel pressure to list such endeavors on college* applications.Campbell said the narcissism upsurge seemed so pronounced(非常明显的）that he was unsure if there were obvious remedies. “Permissiveness seems to be a component”，he said “A potential antidote would be more authoritative parenting* Less indulgence might be called for”Yet students, while acknowledging some legitimacy to such findings, don't necessarily accept negative generalizations about their generation.Hanady Kader，a University of Washington senior，said she worked unpaid last summer helping resettle refugees and considers many of her peers to be civic-minded But she is dismayed (气傻；灰心、）by the com?petitiveness of some students who seem prematurely focused on careerstatus* “We，re encouraged a lot to be individuals and go out there and do what you want, and nobody should stand in your way”，Kader said “I can se e goals and ambitions getting in the wayof other things like relationships”.Kari Dalane，a University of Vermont sophomore, says most of her contemporaries are politically active and not overly self-centered “People are worried about themselves—^but in the senseof where are they're go?ing to find a place in the world”，she said “People want to look their best, have a good time, but it doesn't mean they're not concerned about the rest of the world”；Dalane said.，Besides, some of the responses on the narcissism test might not be worrisome“It would be more depressing if people answered, 4 No, I'm not special，，，?21. According to the passage，a narcissistic person may -，A. hate criticismB. be dishonest to his/her partnerC, be unwilling to help others D；All the above22. The italicized word “commended”(line 1, Para. 3) meansA. praisedB. criticized C recommended D. disfavored23. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Narcissism may result in bad consequences-B. College students are active to participate in volunteer work.C. Some people doubt whether there are remedies to counter the narcissism upsurge.D. Some college students are overly engaged in self-promotion.24. It is implied that ?A. both the researchers and college students are worried about the trend of narcissismB. the researchers and college students disagree on the findings of the studyC. the researchers and college students disagree on some of the findings of the studyD. college students are pessimistic about their future25- It is proper to be when you hear someone say “I，m special'A. objectiveB. pessimistic C optimistic D. worriedQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage：The House is expected to pass a piece of legislation Thursday that seeks to significantly rebalance the playing field for unions and employers and could possibly reverse decades of decliningmembership among private industries* 4iThe Employee Free Choice Act would allow a union to be recognized after collecting 狂majorityof vote cards，instead of waiting for the National Labor Relations Board to oversee a secret ballot election，which can occur more than 50 days after the card vote is completed Representatives of business on Capitol Hill oppose the bill The National Association of Manufacturers, The National Federation of Independent Business，the U. S, Chamber of Commerce and other business groups oppose the shift away from secret ballots saying the change could threaten the privacy of the workers. “This isn't about preventing increased unionization, it's about protecting rights”，said the National Associa?tion of Manufacturer's Jason Straczewski, of his organization's opposition to bill Straczewski says elimina?ting thesecret-ballot step would open up employees to coercion (强迫：胁迫）from unions,Samuel of the AFL-CIO contends the real coercion comes from employers. “Workers talking to workers are equals while managers talking to workers aren't”，Samuel said He cites the 31,358 cases of illegal em?ployer discrimination acted on by the National Labor Relations Board in 2005. Samuel also points out that counter to claims from the business lobby，the secret ballot wouldnot be e- liminated The change would only take the control of the timing of the election out ofthe hands of the em?ployers. “On the ground，the difference between having this legislation and not would be the difference be?tween night and day”，said Richard Shaw of the HarrisCounty Central Labor Council, who says it would have a tremendous impact on the local level.The bill has other provisions (规定，条款）as well. The Employee Free Choice Act would also impose binding arbitration(仲裁）when a company and a newly formed union cannot agree on a contract after 3 months. An agreement worked out under binding compulsory arbitration wouldbe in effect for 2 years，a fact that Straczewski calls, “borderline unconstitutional”. “I don，t see how it will benefit employees if they're locked into a contract”? said Straczewski The bill's proponents point to the trend of recognized unions unable to get contracts fromunwilling em?ployers. The Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, the organization that oversees arbitration, reported that in 2004，45 percent of newly farmed unions were denied first contracts by employers. The bill would also strengthen the penalties for companies that illegally coerce or intimidate employees- As it stands，the law on the books hasn't changed substantially since the National Labor Relations Act was made into law in 1935. The NLBR can enforce no other penalty than reinstating wrongfully fired employees or recovering lost wages.26* Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage?A. House bill aipis to spur labor union growth.B. House bill aims to counter labor union growth,C. Employee Free Choice Act aims to spur employmentD. Employee Free Choice Act aims to raise employees，income.27. According to its opponents, the bill .A. will protect employees，rightsB. will benefit workers by binding contractsC. will empower unions too muchD. makes it possible for employees to yield to coercion from unions28. The word “it”(line 4，Para 5) refers to ?A. the changeB. the legislation C the AFL-CIO D. the difference29. People support the bill because of the following reasons EXCEPT .A. the bill will probably enable unions to have fewer members of private industries*B. the bill will allow a union to be recognized earlier and have a great effect on the local level.C. binding arbitration will be imposed to protect employees if a contract can，t be agreed oa between cently estabUshed union and a company,D. the bill will strengthen the punishment for companies which illegally coerce or threaten employees.30. It is implied that ?A. fewer private industries joined unions in the past workers' coercion often comes from unionsC. the bill will be a win-and-win one for employees and employersD. punishment authorized by the bill will be lighterQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage：Some African Americans have had a profound impact on American society, changing many pe叩le，s views on race，history and politics. The following is a sampling of African Americans whohave shaped soci?ety and the world with their spirit and their ideals.Muhammad Ali Cassius Marcellus Clay grew up a devout Baptist in Louisville, Kentucky, learningto fight at age 12 after a police officer suggested he learn to defend himself Six years later, he wasan Olympic boxing champion，going on to win three world heavyweight titles. He became knownas much for his swagger (耻髙气扬）outside the ring as his movement in it，converting to Islamin 1965，changing his name to Muhammad Ali ￡uid refusing to join the U- S. Army on religious grounds. Ali remained popular after his ath?letic career ended and he developed Parkinson'seven lighting the Olympic torch at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics and conveying the peaceful，diseasevirtues of Islam following the September 11 terrorist attacks* W. E. B, Du Bois Bom William Edward Burghardt Du Bois in 1868，this Massachusetts native wasone of the most prominent，prolific intellectuals of his time. An academic，activist and historian，Du Bois co?founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP),edited “The Crisis”magazine and wrote 17 books, four journals and many other scholarly articles. In perhaps his most famous work, “The Souls of Black Folk”，published in 1903，he predicted “the problem of 20th century [ would be] the problem of the color-line”.Martin Luther King Jr. The Rev. Martin Luther King Jn isconsidered one of the most powerful and pop?ular leaders of the American civil tights movement He spearheaded(带头；作先锋）a massive, nonviolent initiative of marches，sit-ins，boycotts and demonstrations that profoundly affected Americans' attitudes to?ward race relations. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. Malcolm X Black leader Malcolm X spoke out about the concepts of race pride and black nationalism in the early 1960s. He denounced the exploitation of black people by whites and developed a large and dedicated following, which continued even after his death in 1965, Interestin the leader surged again after Spike Lee's 1992 movie “Malcolm X”was releasedJackie Robinson in 1947，Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier by joining the Brooklyn Dodgers, be?coming the first black baseball player in the U. S. major leagues. After retirement frombaseball in 1957，he remained active in civil rights and youth activities. In 1962，he became thefirst African-American to be in?ducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.31. Which of the following is NOT true about Muhammad Ali?A. He never served in the army.He learned to fight at an early age.C. His popularity decreased after his retirement from boxing.D. He loves peace.32. The italicized word “prolific”(line 2, Par a 3) is synonymous to ?A, smart B. skilled C. productive D. pioneering33. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A, W. E. B. Du Bois was engaged in the cause of promoting the status of colored people.B. Jackie Robinson was denied by U. Sz major baseball leagues throughout his life.C Martin Luther King Jr. was highly awarded for his contributions to the civil rights movements.D. Malcolm X directly or indirectly inspired interest in leadership even after his deatL34. What is common among the celebrities mentioned in the passage?A. Each achieved enormous success in his/her field and was highly recognizedB. Each was devoted to his/her cause but didn't win recognition until death.C. All were active and famous in several fields in their lifetime.D. All loved peace and remained active in civil rights activities.35. Which of the following can be a title of the passage?A. Life of famous African AmericansB. Influence of famous African AmericansC. Political pioneers ：Icons and intellectualsD. Cultursd pioneers ：Icons and intellectualsPart m Vocabulary (10%)There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part For each sentence there are four：Directionschoices mariced A, B, C and D. Choose the best one that completes the sentence or is nearest in meaning with the underlined word. And then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.36- The building collapsed because its foundation was notstrong enough to the weight of the building.A. subsideB. idealizeC. initiate D, sustain37. The actress was very at the insulting question raised by her opponent at the conference. A, extraterrestrial B. explicit C. indignant D. innovative38* It is known to all that children in this region have strong to swimming in summer because of the hot weather ?A. inclinationB. exposure39. The torch was by a famous athlete at the opening of the sport meeting.A. implementB. deceiveC. exemplifyD. ignited40. These samples have to be in certain kind of chemical water in order to protect them.A. mmiersedB. crispedC. armoredD. arrayed41. Her talk at the seminar clearly from the topic the supervisor expected in the field of sociology.A. alternated B, amplified C. designated D. diverged42. Three years before he returned home from the United States.A. denbtedB. destinedC. elapsedD. enveloped43. A plan needs to be considered and accepted so as to lower the prices in these cities.A. deliberateB. disincentiveC. functionalD. fantastic44. Sometimes in drawing and designing, the sign X the unknown number.A, facilitates B. fascinates C. denotes D. jots45. The speaker was very much by rude words and behavior of the audience in the hall.A. jerkedB. incensedC. lacedD. limped46. The two countries have developed a relation and increased a great deal in foreign trade.A. managerialB. lethal C metric D. cordial47.The doctor's was that she should go and see the specialist in this fieldA. constraintB. counselC. coherenceD. consciousness48.The United Nation Law of the Sea Conference would soon produce an ocean-mining treaty following its declaration in 1970 that oceans were the heritage of mankind.A- unanimous B. abstract C. autonomous D. almighty49. They need to move to new and large apgtfttnents. Do you know of any ones in this area?A. evacuatedB. emptyC. vacantD. vacate50. The bad and damp weather in the hot area would enable the plants to get quickly.A. decomposed B_ denounced C. detached D. deduced51. The government decided to take a action to strengthen the market managementA. diverseB. durableC. epidemicD. drastic52. The local residents were unhappy about the curfew in this region and decided to itA. disgraceB. disguiseC. defyD. distress53. They admitted that they shared the same on the matter.A. potentialityB. sentimentC. postscriptD. subscriptionwith him due to his misbehavior at the meeting yesterday.54. We cannot beA. peckedB. reconciledC. perturbedD. presumed55. Bad traveling conditions had seriously their progress to their destination in that region.A. tugged B_ demolished C. hampered D. destroyedPart IV Cloze (10%)：There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices Directions，C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the marked A, Bcorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Sea rise as a consequence of global warming would immediately threaten that large fractionof the globe living at sea level. Nearly one-third of all human beings live within 36 miles of a coastline. Most of the world's great seaport cities would be 56 : New Orleans , Amsterdam, Shanghai, and Cairo. Some countries —Maldives Islands in the Indian Ocean, islands in thePacific —would be inundated. Heavily populated coastal areas such as in Bangladesh and Egypt,57 large populations occupy low-lying areas, would suffer extreme 58 .Warmer oceans would spawn stronger hurricanes and typhoons, 59 in coastal flooding,possibly swamping valuable agricultural lands around the world 60 water quality may result as61 flooding which forces salt water into coastal irrigation and drinking, water supplies, and irreplaceable，natural 62 could be flooded with ocean water，destroying forever many of the63 plant and animal species living there.Food supplies and forests would be 64 affected Changes in rainfall patterns would disrupt agriculture. Warmer temperatures would 65 grain-growing regions pole-wards. The warming would also increase and change the pest plants，such as weeds and the insects 66 the crops. Human health would also be affected Warming could 67 tropical climate bringing with it yellow fever, malaria，and other diseases. Heat stress and heat mortality could rise. The harmful68 of localized urban air pollution would very likely be more serious in warmer 69 . Therewill be some 70 from warming. New sea-lanes will open in the Arctic, longer growing seasons further north will 71 new agricultural lands，and warmer temperature will make some of today's colder regions more 72 . But these benefits will be in individual areas. The naturalsystems —both plant and animal—will be less able than man to cope and 73 . Any change of temperature, rainfall，and sea level of the magnitude now 74 will be destructive to natural systems and living things and hence to man as well.The list of possible consequences of global warming suggests very clearly that we must doeverything we can now to understand its causes and effects and to take all measures possible to prevent and adapt to potential and inevitable disruptions 75 by global warming.56. A. ascended B. assaulted C. erased D. endangered57. A. which B. where C. when D. what。
清华大学考博英语-14
清华大学考博英语-14(总分：90.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Vocabulary(总题数：10，分数：7.50)1.Some people seem to______on the pressure of working under a deadline.（分数：0.50）A.renderB.evolveC.prevailD.thrive √解析：[解析] A选项表示“报答，归还”；B选项表示“演变，进化”；c选项表示“说服，劝说”：D 选项表示“兴旺，兴隆，成功”。
根据上下文，原文要表达“成功”之意。
故选择D。
2.According to the Geneva______no prisoners of war shall be subject to abuse.（分数：0.50）A.CustomsB.CongressesC.Conventions √D.Routines解析：[解析] A选项表示“习俗，惯例”；B选项表示“国会”；C选项表示“大会，协定”； D选项表示“惯例”。
这里指《日内瓦公约》，故选择C。
3.The shuttle exploded in the air suddenly and broke into ______ at once.（分数：1.00）A.diversityB.fragments √C.doctrineD.drought解析：4.Both police officers and high officials here are susceptible to corruption.（分数：1.00）A.sustainableB.suspiciousC.skepticalD.vulnerable √解析：susceptible易受影响的。
四个选项：vulnerable易受攻击的；sustainable可以忍受的，足以支撑的，养得起的；suspicious可疑的，怀疑的，一般与of连用； skeptical好怀疑的。
清华大学考博英语-15.doc
清华大学考博英语-15(总分：85.50，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Vocabulary(总题数：10，分数：7.50)1.He ______ himself bitterly for his miserable behavior that evening.（分数：1.00）A.repealedB.resentedC.relayedD.reproached2.He was ______ by the noise outside yesterday evening and could not concentrate on his study.（分数：1.00）A.peckedB.orientedC.perturbedD.paddled3.Her talk at the seminar clearly______from the topic the supervisor expected in the field of sociology.（分数：0.50）A.alternatedB.amplifiedC.designatedD.diverged4.They are always ready to ______ heavy responsibilities.（分数：1.00）A.take inB.take onC.put onD.put in5.The crowd ______ into the hall and some had to stand outside.A. outgrew B, overthrew C. overpassed D. overflew（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Haven"t I told you I don"t want you keeping ______ with those awful riding-about bicycle boys.?（分数：0.50）panyB.acquaintanceC.friendsD.place7.Shopping malls have some advantage in suffering from shorter periods of______business.（分数：0.50）A.staleB.slackC.ferrousD.abundant8.I was entrusted to______to a newspaper article making predictions for the New Year.（分数：0.50）A.contributeB.detractC.convertD.entail9.It is apparent that winning the scholarship is______of one"s intelligence in the field of physics.（分数：0.50）A.parallelismB.alliterationC.testimonyD.rhythm10.Nobody knew how he came up with this ______ idea about the trip.（分数：1.00）A.wearyB.twilightC.unanimousD.weird二、Part Ⅱ Reading Compr(总题数：5，分数：33.00)There is no question that the old style of air pollution could kill people. In one week following the infamous "peasouper" fog in December 1952, 4, 700 people died in London. Most of these people were elderly and already had heart or lung diseases. A series of these killer fogs eventually led to the British Parliament passing the Clean Air Act which restricted the burning of coal. Fortunately the effect of smog on the lungs is not so dramatic. Scientists have now conducted a number of laboratory experiments in which volunteers are exposed to ozone inside a steel chamber for a few hours. Even at quite low concentrations there is a reversible fall in lung function, an increase in the irritability of the lungs and evidence of airway inflammation (发炎). Although irritable and inflamed lungs are particularly seen in people with asthma (哮喘) and other lung diseases, these effects of ozone also occur in healthy subjects. Similar changes are also seen after exposure to nitrogen dioxide, although there is some disagreement about the concentration at which they occur.Other studies have found that people living in areas with high levels of pollution have more symptoms and worse lung function than those living in areas with clean air. Groups of children attending school camps show falls in lung function even at quite low concentrations of ozone. There is also a relationship between ozone levels and hospital admissions for asthma, both in North America and Australia. It is suspected that long-term exposure to smog may result in chronic bronchitis (支气管炎) and emphysema (肺气肿), but this has yet to be proven.Recently an association has been found between the levels of particles in the air and death rates in North American cities. The reason for this association is not understood and as yet there is no evidence this occurs in Australia. However, we do know that hazy days are associated with more asthma attacks in children.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT the result of laboratory experiments?（分数：2.00）A.Low concentrationsB.Fall in lung functionC.Irritability of the lungsD.Air way inflammation(2).Irritable and inflamed lungs are also seen in people with ______.（分数：2.00）A.asthmaB.lung diseasesC.good healthD.weak health(3).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible cause of lung diseases?（分数：2.00）A.The burning of coalB.Long-term exposure to smogC.Exposure to nitrogen dioxideD.Attending school camps(4).The relationship between exposure to ______ has not yet been determined.（分数：2.00）A.ozone and fall in lung functionB.ozone and lung diseases such as asthmaC.nitrogen dioxide and worse lung functionD.smog and chronic bronchitis and emphysema(5).The association between ______ has not yet been found in Australia.（分数：2.00）A.ozone levels and hospital admissions for asthmaB.hazy days and more asthma attacks in childrenC.the levels of particles in the air and death ratesD.high levels of pollution and more symptomsIf you smoke and you still don"t believe that there"s a definite between smoking and bronchial troubles, heart disease and lung cancer, then you are certainly deceiving yourself. No one will accuse you of hypocrisy. Let us just say that you are suffering from a bad case of wishful thinking. This needn"t make you too uncomfortable because you are in good company. Whenever the subject of smoking and health is raised, the governments of most countries hear no evil, see no evil and smell no evil. Admittedly, a few governments have taken timid measures. In Britain, for example, cigarette advertising has been banned on television. The conscience of the nation is appeased, while the population continues to puff its way to smoky, cancerous death.You don"t have to look very far to find out why the official reactions to medical findings have been so lukewarm. The answer is simply money. Tobacco is a wonderful commodity to tax. It"s almost like a tax on our daily bread. In tax revenue alone, the government of Britain collects enough from smokers to pay for its entire educational facilities. So while the authorities point out ever so discreetly that smoking may, conceivably, be harmful, it doesn"t do to shout too loudly about it.This is surely the most short-sighted policy you could imagine. While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other. Enormous amounts are spent on cancer research and on efforts to cure people suffering from the disease. Countless valuable lives are lost. In the long run, there is no doubt that everybody would be much better-off if smoking were banned altogether.of course, we are not ready for such drastic action. But if the governments of the world were honestly concerned about the welfare of their peoples, you"d think they"d conduct aggressive antismoking campaigns. Far from it! Tile tobacco industry is allowed to spend staggering sums on advertising. Its advertising is as insidious as it is dishonest. We are never shown pictures of real smokers coughing up their lungs early in the morning. That would never do. The advertisements always depict virile, clean-shaven young men. They suggest it is manly to smoke, even positively healthy! Smoking is associated with the great open-air life, with beautiful girls, true love and togetherness. What utter nonsense!For a start, governments, could begin by banning all cigarette and tobacco advertising and should then conduct anti-smoking advertising campaigns of their own. Smoking should be banned in all public places like theatres, cinemas and restaurants. Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially of the dire consequences of taking up the habit. A horrific warning--say, a picture of a death"s head--should be included in every packet of cigarettes that is sold. As individuals we are certainly weak, but if governments acted honestly and courageously, they could protect us from ourselves.（分数：2.50）(1).The best title of the text may be ______（分数：0.50）A.give up the habit of smoking immediatelyB.word governments should conduct serious campaigns against smokingC.go on with anti-smoking lobby vigorouslyD.world governments should allocate more funds on cancer researches(2).As pointed out in the text, governments are reluctant to exercise total ban on cigarette and tobacco advertising ______（分数：0.50）A.in the interests of financial rewardsB.for the sake of the public"s welfareC.without regard to tax collectionsD.in anticipation of smokers" lobbying(3).The word "hypocrisy" (Paragraph 2) denotes _____（分数：0.50）A.dishonestyB.predicamentC.indecisionD.intimidation(4).It can be concluded that anti-smoking campaigns should be conducted ______（分数：0.50）A.insidiously and discreetlyB.vividly and attractivelyC.aggressively and drasticallyD.disinterestedly and bravely(5).The author is most critical of ______（分数：0.50）A.anti-smoking lobbyistsB.tobacco advertisersC.world governmentsD.tax collectorsIn a year marked by uncertainty and upheaval, officials at New Orleans universities that draw applicants nationwide are not following the usual rules of thumb when it comes to colleges admissions. The only sure bet, the say, is that this fall"s entering classes--the first since Katrina-- will be smaller than usual.In typical years, most college admissions officials can predict fairly accurately by this point in the admissions cycle how many high school seniors will commit to enrolling in their institutions. Many of the most selective schools require students--who increasingly are applying to multiple institutions- to make their choices by May 1. Loyola University, whose trustees will vote May 19 on whether to drop several degree programs and eliminate 17 faculty positions, received fewer applications--about 2,900 to date, compared with 3,500 in recent years. The school hopes to enroll 700 freshman, down from 850 in the past few years. Historically black Dillard University, which is operating out of a hotel and was forced to cancel its annual March open house, also saw drops, as did Xavier University, a historically black Catholic institution that fell behind its recruitment schedule. Dillard won"t release numbers, but spokeswoman Maureen Larkins says applications were down and enrollments are expected to be lower than in the past, Xavier admissions dean Winston Brown says its applicant pool fell by about half of last year"s record 1,014; he hopes to enroll 500 freshman.In contrast, Tulane University, which is the most selective of the four and developed an aggressive recruitment schedule after the hurricane, enjoyed an 11% increase in applications this year, to a record 20,715. Even so, officials predict that fewer admitted students will enroll and are projecting a smaller-than-usual freshman class- 1,400, compared with a more typical 1,600. Tulane officials announced in December that they would eliminate some departments and faculty positions. Like Tulane, other schools are taking extra steps this year to woo admitted students, often by enlisting help from alumni around the country and reaching out to students with more e-mail, phone calls or web-based interactions such as blogs. In addition, Loyola is relaxing deadlines,sweetening the pot with larger scholarships and freezing tuition at last year"s level. Dillard, too, is freezing tuition. It"s also hosting town meetings in target cities and regions nationwide, and moved its academic calendar back from August to mid-September "to avert the majority of the hurricane season." Larkins says, Xavier extended its application deadline and stepped up its one-on-one contact with accepted students. And Tulane, among other things, has doubled the number of on-campus programs for accepted students and hosted a community service weekend program. While the schools expect applicants to be apprehensive, the admissions officials also see encouraging sins of purposefulness among applicants. "A lot of students who are choosing to come to this city are saying, "I want to be a part of the action," " says Stieffi, noting that Loyola"s transfer applications were up 30%. And while applications to Xavier are down, Brown is betting that students who do apply are serious, "The ones who are applying, we feel, are more likely to come," he says.（分数：8.00）(1).It can be inferred from the passage that______（分数：2.00）A.many of the students require smaller classes than usual in the institutionsB.most college admissions officials cannot predict how many students will commit to enrolling in their institutions by May 1 this yearC.many of the students are increasingly applying to multiple institutions to make their choices by May 1 this yearD.in typical years, most colleges require students to apply and commit to their institutions(2).The following statements are all false other than______（分数：2.00）A.Tulane University also saw drops in applications this yearB.Xavier University, as a historically black Catholic institution, fell behind the recruitment schedule of Dillard UniversityC.Xavier admissions dean Winston Brown says the total number that he hopes to enroll is about 1,500 freshmanD.Loyola University will vote on whether to eliminate 17 faculty positions due to receiving fewer applications of students(3).In order to attract applicants, Loyola University and Dillard University are______（分数：2.00）A.reducing the tuition respectivelyB.hosting meetingsC.increasing the scholarships respectivelyD.extending the application deadline(4).The passage mainly concentrates on the subject of______（分数：2.00）A.the drops of the applicants of the universitiesB.the dilemma of the admission officialsC.the usual rules of college admissionsD.the effects of the hurricanesWhere one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for example by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train up to any age if he still needs to do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child clinics.The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands. Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a very important element in upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made beforethe child can understand them.Every parent watches eagerly the child"s acquisition of each new skill--the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.Learning together is a fruit source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this co-operation. Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good examples.Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters, others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child"s own happiness and well-being.（分数：10.00）(1).The principle underlying all treatment of developmental difficulties in children ______.（分数：2.00）A.is to send them to clinicsB.offers recapture of earlier experiencesC.is in the provision of clockwork toys and trainsD.is to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced(2).The child in the nursery ______.（分数：2.00）A.quickly learns to wait for foodB.doesn"t initially sleep and wake at regular intervalsC.always accepts the rhythm of the world around himD.always feels the word around him is warm and friendly(3).The encouragement of children to achieve new skills ______.（分数：2.00）A.can never be taken too farB.should be left to school teachersC.will always assist their developmentD.should be balanced between two extremes(4).Jigsaw puzzles are ______.（分数：2.00）A.too difficult for childrenB.a kind of building-block toyC.not very entertaining for adultsD.suitable exercises for parent-child cooperation(5).Parental controls and discipline ______.（分数：2.00）A.serve a dual purposeB.should be avoided as much as possibleC.reflect the values of the communityD.are designed to promote the child"s happinessEight times within the past million years, something in the Earth"s climatic equation has changed, allowing snow in the mountains and the northern latitudes to accumulate from one season to the next instead of melting away. Each time, the enormous ice sheets resulting from this continual buildup lasted tens of thousands of years until the end of each particular glacial cycle brought a warmer climate. Scientists speculated that these glacial cycles were ultimately driven byastronomical factor: slow, cyclic changes in the eccentricity of the Earth"s orbit and in the tilt and orientation of its spin axis. But up until around 30 years ago, the lack of an independent record of ice-age timing made the hypothesis untestable.Then in the early 1950"s Emiliani produced the first complete record of the waxings and wanings of first glaciations. It came from a seemingly odd place, the seafloor. Single-cell marine organisms called "foraminifera" house themselves in shells made from calcium carbonate. When the foraminifera die, sink to the bottom, and become part of seafloor sediments, the carbonate of their shells preserves certain characteristics of the seawater they inhabited. In particular, the ratio of a heavy isotope of oxygen (oxygen-18) to ordinary oxygen (oxygen-16) in the carbonate preserves the ratio of the two oxygens in water molecules.It is now understood that the ratio of oxygen isotopes reflects the proportion of the world"s water locked up in glaciers and ice sheets. A kind of meteorological distillation accounts for the link. Water molecules containing the heavier isotope tend to condense and fall as precipitation slightly sooner than molecules containing the lighter isotope. Hence, as water vapor evaporated from warm oceans moves away from its source, its oxygen- 18 returns more quickly to the oceans than does its oxygen-16. What falls as snow on distant ice sheets and mountain glaciers is relatively depleted of oxygen-18. As the oxygen-18-poor ice builds up, the oceans become relatively enriched in the isotope. The larger the ice sheets grow, the higher the proportion of oxygen-18 becomes in seawater--and hence in the sedimentsAnalyzing cores drilled from seafloor sediments, Emiliani found that the isotopic ratio rose and fell in rough accord with the Earth"s astronomical cycles. Since that pioneering observation, oxygenisotope measurements have been made on hundreds of cores. The combined record enables scientists to show that the re-cord contains the very periodicities as the orbital processes. Over the past 800, 000 years, the global ice volume peaked every 100,000 years, matching the period of the orbital eccentricity variation. In addition, "wrinkles" superposed on each cycle--small decreases or surges in ice volume--have come at intervals of roughly 23,000 and 41,000 years, in keeping with the precession and tilt frequencies of the Earth"s spin axis.（分数：2.50）(1).In opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by ______（分数：0.50）A.unfolding a phenomenonB.posing a contrastC.refuting a speculationD.testifying a hypothesis(2).The expression "waxings and wanings" (Paragraph 2) most probably means ______（分数：0.50）A.regularities and eccentricitiesB.vaporizations and sedimentsC.variants and constantsD.maximizations an minimizations(3).As pointed out in the text, the ratio of oxygen-18 to oxygen-16 in seafloor sediments and that of these isotopes locked in glaciers and ice-sheets are ______（分数：0.50）A.irrelevantB.correlatedC.correspondingD.identical(4).Single-cell marine organisms referred to as "foraminifera" as mentioned in the text might serve as ______（分数：0.50）A.a proof against the existence of oxygen-16B.a testimony to sediment formation processesC.a valid record justifying glacial periodic cyclesD.an indicator of the ratio of the two oxygens(5).What can we safely infer from the text?（分数：0.50）A.Many a phenomenon might be caused by astronomical factorsB.Any hypothesis should be abandoned unless supported by solid recordsC.Glaciers are the records keeping Earth"s astronomical cyclesD.Oxygen isotopes are evenly distributed throughout the earth surface三、Part Ⅲ Cloze(总题数：1，分数：20.00)For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But for the people who cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very much like another, and they do not make the voyage for the 1 of its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feel 2 to go to bed and pleased when the journey 3 . On the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went to bed 4 earlier than Usual. When I 5 my cabin, I was surprised 6 that I was to have a companion during my trip, which made me feel a little unhappy. I had expected 7 but there was a suitcase 8 mine in the opposite corner. I wondered who he could be and what he would be like. Soon afterwards he came in. He was the sort of man you might meet 9 , except that he was wearing 10 good clothes that I made up my mind that we would not 11 whoever he was and did not say 12 . As I had expected, he did not talk to me either but went to bed immediately.I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night.I felt cold but covered 13 as well as I could and tried to go back to sleep. Then I realized thata 14 was coming from somewhere. I thought perhaps I had forgotten 15 the door, so I got up 16 the door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming from the window opposite. I crossed the room and 17 , the moon shone through it on to the other bed. 18 there. It took me a minute or two to 19 the door myself. I realized that my companion 20 through the window into the sea.（分数：20.00）A.reasonB.motiveC.causeD.sakeA.tired enoughB.enough tiredC.enough tiringD.enough tiringA.is achievedB.finishC.is overD.is in the endA.quiteB.ratherC.fairlyD.somehowA.arrived inB.reached toC.arrived toD.reached atA.for seeingB.that I sawC.at seeingD.to seeA.being lonelyB.to be lonelyC.being aloneD.to be aloneA.likeB.asC.similar thanD.the same thatA.in each placeB.for all partsC.somewhereD.anywhereA.a soB.soC.such aD.suchA.treat together wellB.pass together wellC.get on well togetherD.go by well togetherA.him a single wordB.him not one wordC.a single word to himD.not one word to himA.up meB.up myselfC.up to myselfD.myself upA.draftB.voiceC.airD.soundA.to closeB.closingC.to have to closeD.for closingA.to shutB.for shuttingC.in shuttingD.but shutA.while doing like thatB.as I did like thatC.as I did soD.at doing soA.It was no oneB.There was no oneC.It was anyoneD.There was anyoneA.remind to lockB.remember to lockC.remind lockingD.remember lockingA.had to jumpB.was to have jumpedC.must have jumpedD.could be jumped四、Part Ⅳ Translation(总题数：1，分数：10.00)11.For most of human history, the dominant concerns about energy have centered on the benefit side. Inadequacy of energy resources of the technologies for harvesting, converting, and distributing those resources has meant insufficient energy benefits to human beings and hence inconvenience, and constraints on its growth. The 1970"s, then, represented an turning point. Energy was seen to be getting costlier in all respects. It began to be believable that excessive energy costs could pose threats on a par with those of insufficient supply. It also became possible to think that expanding some forms of energy supply could create costs exceeding the benefits. The crucial question at the beginning of the 1990"s is whether the trend that began in the 1970"s will prove to be temporary or permanent. Is the era of cheap energy really over, or will a combination of new resources, new technology and changing geopolitics bring it back? One key determinant of the answer is the staggering scale of energy demand brought forth by 100 years of population growth and industrial demand.Except for the huge pool of oil underlying the Middle East, the cheapest oil and gas are already gone. Even if a few more giant oil fields are discovered, they will make little difference against consumption on today"s scale. Oil and gas will have to come increasingly, for most countries, from deeper in the earth and from imports whose reliability and affordability cannot be guaranteed. （分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________五、Part Ⅴ Writing(总题数：1，分数：15.00)12.A. Study the following picture carefully and write an essay of about 200 words.B. Your essay should meet the requirements below:(1)describe the picture and interpret its meaning.(2) point out the problem and give your comments.15.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。
清华大学考博英语-15
清华大学考博英语-15(总分：85.50，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Vocabulary(总题数：10，分数：7.50)1.He ______ himself bitterly for his miserable behavior that evening.（分数：1.00）A.repealedB.resentedC.relayedD.reproached √解析：2.He was ______ by the noise outside yesterday evening and could not concentrate on his study. （分数：1.00）A.peckedB.orientedC.perturbed √D.paddled解析：3.Her talk at the seminar clearly______from the topic the supervisor expected in the field of sociology.（分数：0.50）A.alternatedB.amplifiedC.designatedD.diverged √解析：[解析] 四个选项的意思分别是：alternated“交替，轮流”；amplifled“夸大，增强”；designated“指定的，指派的”；diverged“偏离，离题”。
根据句意可知，应选择D。
4.They are always ready to ______ heavy responsibilities.（分数：1.00）A.take inB.take on √C.put onD.put in解析：[解析] 四个选项的意思分别是：take in接受，吸收，理解，呈现；take on承担，接纳；put on 穿上，添上； put in放入，提交，进入。
句意是，他们随时准备担起重任。
所以正确答案是B选项，如He is unwilling to take on heavy responsibilities．(他不愿承担重任。
清华大学考博英语词汇
清华大学考博英语词汇adjust调节:整顿，调整vi.适应(to); 使调节administerv.施行，实施:掌管，料理...的事务:给予administrationh.经营，管理:行政，行政机关，管理部门admire钦佩，赞赏,羡慕:称赞，夸奖admissionh.允许进入:承认:入场费，入会费，入场券admit承认，供认:准..进入，准许...加入adolescentn.青少年a.青春期的，青少年的adopt采用，采取(态度等):选定:收养_adore崇拜，敬慕，爱慕:非常喜欢adultn成年人a.成年的，充分长成的，成熟的advanceh.前进，预付vi.前进，进展促进，推进advancede.超前的，先进的:高级的:开明的:前进的advantageh.优点，长处，有利条件:利益，好处adventh. (重要事件等的)到来，来临adventuren.冒险，冒险活动，奇遇大胆进行adverbn.副词a.副词的adverseB逆的，相反的:敌对的:不利的:有害的advertise公告，公布:为...做广告vi.登广告advicen.劝告，忠告，(医生等的)意见sablea.可取的，适当的，明智的advise忠告，劝告，建议:通知，告知advocaten.辩护者，拥护者，鼓吹者拥护，提倡aeriala. (在或来自)空中的，航空的n.天线aeroplanen. (airplane) (英)飞机aesthetica. (esthetic)美学的，艺术的: 审美的affairh. [pl.]事务: 事情(件): (个人的)事_ affect影响: (疾病)侵袭:感动n.情感，感情affectionh.爱，喜爱:爱慕之情:感情:疾病，不适，affiliatev.使隶属(或附属)于n.附属机构，分公司affirm断言，坚持声称:肯定:证实，确认: affluenta.富裕的，富有的，丰富的，富饶的affordt.担负得起(损失、费用、后果等)，买得起allocatev.分配，分派:拨给:划归Allow .允许，准许:承认:给予: (for)考虑到allowanceh.补贴，津贴:零用钱:减价，折扣:允许Alloyh.合金将.-铸成合金A1ly .h.同盟者，同盟国，使结盟: 5与-.有关联almostadv.几乎，差不多alonea.单独的，孤独的ad.单独地，独自地:仅仅alongad.向前:和...一起，一同prep.沿着，顺着appoint任命，委派:指定，约定(时间、地点等) appraisalh.对...作出的评价:评价，鉴定，评估appreciateVt.为...表示感激，感谢:欣赏，赏识，评价approachy.靠近，接近n.接近:途径，入门:方式，方法appropriatea.适当的，恰当的，特有的拨给,挪用，盗用。
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清华大学考博历年真题常用词汇集锦
EM-,EN-,IM-,IN-in,upon
进入,在上
字首em,en,im,in是英文重要的构词成分.共有四种拼法,em与en 源自希腊文的副词与介系词,im与in来自拉丁文的介系词,有in,within,upon之意.所接的字根第一个音,若是p,b,m三个双唇音之一,则拼作em或im,以双唇音接双唇音,方便发音,如embargo n.[禁止入港],empirical a.[经验上的],impart v.[传授,告知]等字均是.字根的第一个音若不在双唇音之列,则拼成en或in,如enamor v.[迷住],incise v.[切开,雕]等等.
embargo禁止入港,禁止,阻碍
embark乘船;从事,著手
embarrass使困窘,使局促不安
embed嵌入,深植
embellish美化,装饰
emblem象徵,徽章
embody具体表现,编入
embrace拥抱,包含,接受
embroil使混乱
empathy共感,神入
emphasize强调
empirical实验上的
employ雇用,利用,使用
empower授权与
enact演出
enamor迷住
encase纳入套内,纳入箱内
enchant使迷住,迷惑
enclave被包领土
enclose围绕
encompass包围
encounter邂逅,遭遇
encourage鼓励,激励
encroach侵占,侵入
endeavor努力
endemic某地特有的
endorse背书;赞同
endow赋与
endure忍受,忍耐,持久
energy精力,活力
enfold围绕,笼罩,包封
enforce加强,力劝,迫使
engage从事,忙於
engender酿成,产生
engrave刻,铭记(於心)
enhance增加,提高
enjoin命令,禁止
enjoy欢喜,享受
enlist服役,从军
enrage激怒,使暴怒
enrapture使狂喜
enrich使丰富,充实,装饰
enroll入学,登记,入伍
enshrine奉祀於庙堂中,奉为神圣enshroud覆盖,遮蔽
enslave奴役
ensnare诱入陷阱
ensure保证
entangle使困惑,使陷入
enthrall迷住
entice吸引,引诱
entitle给与名称,使有资格,使有权利entrance使出神,使神魂颠倒
entreat恳求
entrench挖壕沟以保护,确立
entrust交托
envelop包围,围绕
environment环境
environs周围,郊外
envisage想像,设想
envision拟想(未来)
envoy使者
imbibe吸收,饮
immanent内在的
immerse浸入,埋首热衷於
immigrate移居入境
impair损害,减少
impale以尖物刺住,围起
impart传递,给与,告诉
impeach非难,指责,检举
impede阻碍
impel驱使,逼迫
imperil危及,使陷於危机
impetuous冲动,猛烈的
impetus原动力,冲力,刺激
impinge冲击,打击
implant灌输,注入
implement工具,器具;实现,完成
implicate牵连,暗示
implicit暗示,隐含的
implore恳求
import输入;输入品
impose课(税),强使
imposing仪表堂堂,宏伟的
impound关於栏内,扣留
imprecate诅咒
impress铭刻,压印,盖印;印入记忆,使感动imprint印刻,盖印於;不可磨灭的影响impromptu即席,毫无准备地,立刻的improve增进,改善
impulse灵感,动机,刺激
inborn天生的
incarcerate监禁,下狱
incarnate使具体化,使化身
incense使发怒
incentive诱因,刺激,动机
incaption开始
incident附带的事物,事件
incipient刚开始,初期的
incise刻,雕
incisive敏锐,尖刻的
incite鼓动,引起
incline倾,倾斜;倾向,性近,爱好include包含,包括
incorporate编入,合并,具体表现increase增加,增大
incriminate控告
incubate熟虑,深思,筹策inculpate归罪,控告
incur招致
indebted负债的
indent留凹痕於
indicate指示,显示
induce引起
infatuate使(人)迷恋
infer推断出,推知,暗示
infiltrate渗入,浸透
inflame使动怒,激怒
inflate使胀大,使得意
inflect转向,改变
inflict使痛苦,施加(伤害等) influence影响(力),权势
influx涌到,流入
infringe侵犯,违背
infuriate激怒
infuse灌输,鼓舞
ingenious有发明天才,灵敏的ingenuous坦白,老实,诚朴的ingrained根深蒂固,深染的ingredient要素,组成分子ingress进入
inhabit居住,栖息於
inhale吸入
inherent固有的
inherit继承
inhibit抑制
initial初期,最初的
initiate发起,开始
inject加入
injunction训令,命令,禁令
inlet湾,海口
innate固有,生来的
inner内部,内在的
innovation革新之处,革新
inquire探究,调查
inquisitive好管闲事,好问,好奇的inroad袭击
inscribe刻铭
inseminate播种,使受精
insert插入
insight洞察力,洞察
insist坚持
inspect检查,审查
inspire启发,鼓舞
install安置
instance实例,例证
instant即溶,立刻的
instigate鼓动,煽动
instill灌输
institute创立,制定,著手
instruct下命令於,通知
instrument工具,器械
instrumental有帮助的
insult侮辱,对...无礼
insurgent叛徒,起事者
intense强烈,激烈的
intend意欲,计划
intoxicate使陶醉,使兴奋
intricate复杂的
intrigue吸引,激起兴趣,使困惑;阴谋
intrude打扰,侵袭
intuition直觉知识,直觉
inundation狂流,洪水
inure使惯於
invade侵犯
inveigle诱骗,诱惑
invent发明,虚构
inventory目录,存货
invest投资,赋与
invigorate鼓舞,使强壮,使充满生气
invoke恳求
involve使陷於,牵累,影响
inward内部,心灵,内心的
inwards向内,向内部地
本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。