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2022版优化方案高考数学(山东专用·理科)二轮复习小题分类练(二) Word版含答案

2022版优化方案高考数学(山东专用·理科)二轮复习小题分类练(二) Word版含答案

小题分类练(二) 推理论证类(建议用时:50分钟)1.下列函数为奇函数的是( ) A .y =x B .y =e xC .y =cos xD .y =e x -e -x2.设a ,b 是实数,则“a +b >0”是“ab >0”的( ) A .充分不必要条件 B .必要不充分条件 C .充分必要条件D .既不充分也不必要条件3.(2021·临沂模拟)已知函数f (x )=sin ⎝⎛⎭⎫ωx +π4(ω>0)的最小正周期为π,则函数f (x )的图象( )A .关于直线x =π4对称B .关于直线x =π8对称C .关于点⎝⎛⎭⎫π4,0对称D .关于点⎝⎛⎭⎫π8,0对称4.若a >b >0,c <d <0,则肯定有( ) A.a d >b c B.a d <b c C.a c >b d D.a c <b d5.在△ABC 中,若(CA →+CB →)·AB →=|AB →|2,则( ) A .△ABC 是锐角三角形 B .△ABC 是直角三角形 C .△ABC 是钝角三角形 D .△ABC 的外形不能确定6.(2021·济南质量监测)若tan (α+45°)<0,则下列结论正确的是( ) A .sin α<0 B .cos α<0 C .sin 2α<0 D .cos 2α<0 7.若空间中四条两两不同的直线l 1,l 2,l 3,l 4,满足l 1⊥l 2,l 2⊥l 3,l 3⊥l 4,则下列结论肯定正确的是( ) A .l 1⊥l 4 B .l 1∥l 4C .l 1与l 4既不垂直也不平行D .l 1与l 4的位置关系不确定8.已知点P (x 0,y 0),圆O :x 2+y 2=r 2(r >0),直线l :x 0x +y 0y =r 2,有以下几个结论:①若点P 在圆O 上,则直线l 与圆O 相切;②若点P 在圆O 外,则直线l 与圆O 相离;③若点P 在圆O 内,则直线l 与圆O 相交;④无论点P 在何处,直线l 与圆O 恒相切,其中正确的个数是( )A .1B .2C .3D .49.(2021·潍坊调研)观看等式:sin 230°+cos 260°+sin 30°cos 60°=34,sin 220°+cos 250°+sin 20°cos 50°=34,sin 215°+cos 245°+sin 15°·cos 45°=34,…,由此得出以下推广命题,不正确的是( )A .sin 2α+cos 2β+sin αcos β=34B .sin 2(α-30°)+cos 2α+sin(α-30°)cos α=34C .sin 2(α-15°)+cos 2(α+15°)+sin(α-15°)cos(α+15°)=34D .sin 2α+cos 2(α+30°)+sin αcos(α+30°)=3410.给出下列命题:①在区间(0,+∞)上,函数y =x -1,y =x 12,y =(x -1)2,y =x 3中有3个是增函数;②若log m 3<log n 3<0,则0<n <m <1;③若函数f (x )是奇函数,则f (x -1)的图象关于点A (1,0)对称;④已知函数f (x )=⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧3x -2,x ≤2,log 3(x -1),x >2,则方程f (x )=12有2个实数根,其中正确命题的个数为( )A .1B .2C .3D .411.甲、乙、丙三位同学被问到是否去过A ,B ,C 三个城市时, 甲说:我去过的城市比乙多,但没去过B 城市; 乙说:我没去过C 城市;丙说:我们三人去过同一城市.由此可推断乙去过的城市为________.12.数列{a n }满足a 1=3,a n -a n a n +1=1,A n 表示{a n }的前n 项之积,则A 2 016的值为________. 13.(2021·东营模拟)在同一平面直角坐标系中,函数y =g (x )的图象与y =e x 的图象关于直线y =x 对称.而函数y =f (x )的图象与y =g (x )的图象关于y 轴对称.若f (m )=-1,则m 的值是________.14.(2021·安丘模拟)观看下列等式:13=12,13+23=32,13+23+33=62,13+23+33+43=102,…,依据上述规律,第n 个等式为________.15.△ABC 是边长为2的等边三角形,已知向量a ,b 满足AB →=2a ,AC →=2a +b ,则下列结论中正确的是________.(写出全部正确结论的编号)①a 为单位向量;②b 为单位向量;③a ⊥b ;④b ∥BC →;⑤(4a +b )⊥BC →.小题分类练(二) 推理论证类1.解析:选D.对于A ,定义域不关于原点对称,故不符合要求;对于B ,f (-x )≠-f (x ),故不符合要求;对于C ,满足f (-x )=f (x ),故不符合要求;对于D ,由于 f (-x )=e -x -e x =-(e x -e -x )=-f (x ),所以 y =e x-e -x 为奇函数,故选D.2.解析:选D.特值法:当a =10,b =-1时,a +b >0,ab <0,故a +b >0 ab >0;当a =-2,b =-1时,ab >0,但a +b <0,所以ab >0 a +b >0.故“a +b >0”是“ab >0”的既不充分也不必要条件.3.解析:选B.由于f (x )=sin ⎝⎛⎭⎫ωx +π4的最小正周期为π,所以2πω=π,ω=2,所以f (x )=sin ⎝⎛⎭⎫2x +π4.当x =π4时,2x +π4=3π4,所以A ,C 错误;当x =π8时,2x +π4=π2,所以B 正确,D 错误.4.解析:选B.法一:令a =3,b =2,c =-3,d =-2, 则a c =-1,bd =-1,排解选项C ,D ; 又a d =-32,b c =-23,所以a d <b c, 所以选项A 错误,选项B 正确.故选B.法二:由于c <d <0,所以-c >-d >0,所以1-d >1-c>0.又a >b >0,所以a -d >b -c,所以a d <bc .故选B.5.解析:选B.依题意得,(CA →+CB →)·(CB →-CA →)=|AB →|2,即CB →2-CA →2=|AB →|2,|CB →|2=|CA →|2+|AB →|2,CA ⊥AB ,因此△ABC 是直角三角形,故选B.6.解析:选D.由于tan (α+45°)<0,所以k ·180°-135°<α<k ·180°-45°,所以k ·360°-270°<2α<k ·360°-90°,所以cos 2α<0,故选D.7.解析:选D.如图,在长方体ABCD -A 1B 1C 1D 1中,记l 1=DD 1,l 2=DC ,l 3=DA ,若l 4=AA 1,满足l 1⊥l 2,l 2⊥l 3,l 3⊥l 4,此时l 1∥l 4,可以排解选项A 和C.若l 4=DC 1,也满足条件,可以排解选项B.故选D.8.解析:选A.依据点到直线的距离公式有d =r 2x 20+y 20.若点P 在圆O 上,则x 20+y 20=r 2,d =r ,相切;若点P 在圆O 外,则x 20+y 20>r 2,d <r ,相交;若点P 在圆O 内,则x 20+y 20<r 2,d >r ,相离,故只有①正确. 9.解析:选A.观看已知等式不难发觉,60°-30°=50°-20°=45°-15°=30°,推广后的命题应具备此关系,但A 中α与β无联系,从而推断错误的命题为A.10.解析:选C.命题①中,在(0,+∞)上只有y =x 12,y =x 3为增函数,故①不正确;②中不等式等价于0>log 3m >log 3n ,故0<n <m <1,②正确;③中函数y =f (x -1)的图象是把y =f (x )的图象向右平移一个单位得到的,由于函数y =f (x )的图象关于坐标原点对称,故函数y =f (x -1)的图象关于点A (1,0)对称,③正确;④中当3x -2=12时,x =2+log 312<2,当log 3(x -1)=12时,x =1+3>2,故方程f (x )=12有2个实数根,④正确.11.解析:由题意可推断:甲没去过B 城市,但比乙去的城市多,而丙说“三人去过同一城市”,说明甲去过A ,C 城市,而乙“没去过C 城市”,说明乙去过城市A ,由此可知,乙去过的城市为A.答案:A12.解析:由a 1=3,a n -a n a n +1=1,得a n +1=a n -1a n ,所以a 2=3-13=23,a 3=-12,a 4=3,所以{a n }是以3为周期的周期数列,且a 1a 2a 3=-1.又2 016=3×672,所以A 2 016=(-1)672=1.答案:113.解析:由题意知g (x )=ln x ,则f (x )=ln(-x ),若f (m )=-1,则ln(-m )=-1,解得m =-1e.答案:-1e14.解析:由第一个等式13=12,得13=(1+0)2;其次个等式13+23=32,得13+23=(1+2)2;第三个等式13+23+33=62,得13+23+33=(1+2+3)2;第四个等式13+23+33+43=102,得13+23+33+43=(1+2+3+4)2;由此可猜想第n 个等式为13+23+33+43+…+n 3=(1+2+3+…+n )2=⎣⎡⎦⎤n (n +1)22.答案:13+23+33+43+…+n 3=⎣⎡⎦⎤n (n +1)2215.解析:由于 AB →2=4|a |2=4,所以 |a |=1,故①正确;由于 BC →=AC →-AB →=(2a +b )-2a =b ,又△ABC为等边三角形,所以 |BC →|=|b |=2,故②错误;由于 b =AC →-AB →,所以 a ·b =12AB →·(AC →-AB →)=12×2×2×cos60°-12×2×2=-1≠0,故③错误;由于 BC →=b ,故④正确;由于 (AB →+AC →)·(AC →-AB →)=AC →2-AB →2=4-4=0,所以 (4a +b )⊥BC →,故⑤正确.答案:①④⑤。

2020新课标高考语文二轮总复习专题限时训练:2-8 名篇名句默写 Word版含解析

2020新课标高考语文二轮总复习专题限时训练:2-8 名篇名句默写 Word版含解析

[课时训练]限时练(三十)1.补写出下列句子中的空缺部分。

(1)王湾《次北固山下》中,“______________,______________”两句写拂晓行船的情景,作者无意说理,却在描写景物、节令之中,蕴含着一种自然的理趣。

(2)杜牧《阿房宫赋》中“________________,________________,______________”连用整齐的短句,写秦朝统治者大肆挥霍从六国搜刮来的珍宝,极不珍惜。

【答案】(1)海日生残夜江春入旧年(2)鼎铛玉石金块珠砾弃掷逦迤2.补写出下列句子中的空缺部分。

(1)苏轼《赤壁赋》中,“__________________,__________________”两句生动形象地描绘出月亮在夜空中缓慢移动的状态,逼真传神。

(2)辛弃疾《永遇乐·京口北固亭怀古》中,写古代英雄叱咤风云、驰骋疆场的名句是“______________,________________”。

(3)《荀子·劝学》中,“_____________,_____________”两句强调了整天空想不如片刻学习收获大的道理。

【答案】(1)月出于东山之上徘徊于斗牛之间(2)金戈铁马气吞万里如虎(3)吾尝终日而思矣不如须臾之所学也3.补写出下列句子中的空缺部分。

(1)周敦颐在《爱莲说》中用“________________”和“________________”分别表达对菊花和牡丹的看法。

(2)李白在《蜀道难》中,用禽、兽都不能越过蜀道中的高山来侧面烘托蜀道之难的两句诗是“__________________,__________________”。

(3)在《赤壁赋》中,苏轼感觉自己“浩浩乎”“飘飘乎”的具体原因是作者与客在“水光接天”的环境下“________________,________________”。

【答案】(1)花之隐逸者也花之富贵者也(2)黄鹤之飞尚不得过猿猱欲度愁攀援(3)纵一苇之所如凌万顷之茫然4.补写出下列句子中的空缺部分。

2022高考数学(文)二轮复习高考小题标准练(二) Word版含答案

2022高考数学(文)二轮复习高考小题标准练(二) Word版含答案

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高考小题标准练(二)满分75分,实战模拟,40分钟拿下高考客观题满分!一、选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题5分,共50分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)1.若集合A={x ∈Z|2<2x+2≤8},B={x ∈R|x 2-2x>0},则A ∩(R B)所含的元素个数为( )A.0B.1C.2D.3【解题提示】求出A 中不等式的解集,找出解集中的整数解确定出A ,求出B 中不等式的解集,确定出B ,求出B 的补集,找出A 与B 补集的交集,即可确定出元素个数.【解析】选C.由集合A 中的不等式变形得:21<2x+2≤23,得到1<x+2≤3, 解得:-1<x ≤1,且x 为整数,所以A={0,1};由集合B 中的不等式变形得:x(x-2)>0,解得:x>2或x<0,即B=(-∞,0)∪(2,+∞),所以R B=[0,2],所以A ∩(R B)={0,1},即元素有2个.2.设i 是虚数单位,a 为实数,复数z=1+ai i为纯虚数,则z 的共轭复数为( )A.-iB.iC.2iD.-2i 【解析】选B.由于z=1+ai i=(1+ai)i i 2=−a+i −1=a-i ,由于z 为纯虚数,故a=0,所以z=-i , 则z ̅=i.3.甲乙两人在一次赛跑中,从同一地点动身,路程s 与时间t 的函数关系如图所示,则下列说法正确的是( )A.甲比乙先动身B.乙比甲跑的路程多C.甲,乙两人的速度相同D.甲比乙先到达终点【解析】选D.由图形可知甲,乙两人从同一时间动身,且路程相同,甲用的时间短,故甲比乙先到达终点.4.某高校进行自主招生,先从报名者中筛选出400人参与笔试,再按笔试成果择优选出100人参与面试.现随机调查了24名笔试者的成果,如表所示:分数段 [60,65) [65,70) [70,75) [75,80) [80,85) [85,90)人数234951据此估量允许参与面试的分数线大约是( )A.75B.80C.85D.90【解析】选B.由于参与笔试的400人中择优选出100人,故每个人被择优选出的概率P=100400=14,由于随机调查24名笔试者,则估量能够参与面试的人数为24×14=6,观看表格可知,分数在[80,85)有5人,分数在[85,90)的有1人,故面试的分数线大约为80分,故选B.5.已知等比数列{a n}中,a3=2,a4a6=16,则a10−a12a6−a8的值为( )A.2B.4C.8D.16【解题提示】结合已知条件得到q4=4,再利用等比数列的性质即可. 【解析】选B.由于a3=2,a4a6=16,所以a4a6=a32q4=16,即q4=4,则a10−a12 a6−a8=q4(a6−a8)a6−a8=q4=4.6.当m=6,n=3时,执行如图所示的程序框图,输出的S值为( )A.6B.30C.120D.360【解题提示】模拟执行程序框图,依次写出每次循环得到的S,k的值,当k=3时,满足条件k<m-n+1=4,退出循环,输出S的值为120.【解析】选C.模拟执行程序框图,可得m=6,n=3,k=6,S=1,不满足条件k<m-n+1=4,S=6,k=5;不满足条件k<m-n+1=4,S=30,k=4;不满足条件k<m-n+1=4,S=120,k=3;满足条件k<m-n+1=4,退出循环,输出S的值为120. 7.实数x,y满足{x≥1,y≤a,a>1,x−y≤0,若目标函数z=x+y取得最大值4,则实数a的值为( )A.4B.3C.2D.32【解析】选C.画出可行域得直线y=-x+z过(a,a)点时取得最大值,即2a=4,a=2.8.如图,网格纸上小正方形边长为1,粗线是一个棱锥的三视图,则此棱锥的体积为( )A.83B.43C.4√3D.2√3【解析】选A.结合三视图,借助正方体想象该棱锥的直观图,如图所示.该棱锥是四棱锥P-ABCD.其底面ABCD为一个底边长为2√2和2的矩形,面积S=4√2,高是P点到底面ABCD的距离,即h=√2,故此棱锥的体积V=13Sh=83.9.设函数f(x)是定义在R上的奇函数,当x>0时,f(x)=e x+x-3,则f(x)的零点个数为( )A.1B.2C.3D.4【解题提示】先由函数f(x)是定义在R上的奇函数确定0是一个零点,再令x>0时的函数f(x)的解析式等于0转化成两个函数,转化为推断两函数交点个数问题,最终依据奇函数的对称性确定答案.【解析】选C.由于函数f(x)是定义域为R的奇函数,所以f(0)=0,所以0是函数f(x)的一个零点.当x>0时,令f(x)=e x+x-3=0,则e x=-x+3,分别画出函数y=e x,和y=-x+3的图象,如图所示,有一个交点,所以函数f(x)在x>0时有一个零点,又依据对称性知,当x<0时函数f(x)也有一个零点.综上所述,f(x)的零点个数为3,故选C.【加固训练】函数f(x)=2x3-6x2+7在(0,2)内零点的个数为( )A.0B. 1C.2D.4 【解析】选B.由于f′(x)=6x2-12x=6x(x-2),由f′(x)>0,得x>2或x<0;由f′(x)<0得0<x<2.所以函数f(x)在(0,2)上是减函数,而f(0)=7>0,f(2)=-1<0,由零点存在定理可知,函数f(x)=2x3-6x2+7在(0,2)内零点的个数为1.10.已知二次函数y=ax2+bx+c(ac≠0)图象的顶点坐标为(−b2a,−14a),与x轴的交点P,Q位于y轴的两侧,以线段PQ为直径的圆与y轴交于F1(0,4)和F2(0,-4),则点(b,c)所在曲线为( )A.圆B.椭圆C.双曲线D.抛物线【解析】选B.结合二次函数的顶点坐标为(−b2a,4ac−b24a),依据题意可得Δ=b 2-4ac=1,①,二次函数图象和x轴的两个交点分别为(−b+12a,0)和(−b−12a,0),利用射影定理即得:-(−b+12a×−b−12a)=16 1-b2=64a2,结合①先求出a和c之间的关系,代入①可得到,(b,c)所在的曲线为b2+c24=1,表示椭圆.二、填空题(本大题共5小题,每小题5分,共25分.请把正确答案填在题中横线上)11.已知a=(1,2),b=(4,2),设a,b的夹角为θ,则cosθ= .【解析】由平面对量的夹角公式得,cosθ==1212√x1+y1·√x2+y2=√5×√20=45.答案:45【加固训练】已知向量a=(1,√3),b=(3,m).若向量b在a方向上的投影为3,则实数m= .【解析】依据投影的定义:|b|·cos<a,b>==3+√3m2=3;解得m=√3. 答案:√312.已知函数f(x)={x 3+1,x ≥0,x 2+2,x <0,若f(x)=1,则x= .【解析】若x ≥0则x 3+1=1,所以x=0,若x<0则x 2+2=1无解,所以x=0.答案:013.已知a ,b ,c 分别为△ABC 三个内角A ,B ,C 的对边,且(b-c)(sin B+ sin C)=(a-√3c)·sinA ,则角B 的大小为 .【解题提示】由正弦定理化简已知等式可得c 2+a 2-b 2=√3ac ,由余弦定理可求 cos B ,结合B 的范围即可得解.【解析】由正弦定理,可得sinB=b2R,sin C=c2R,sinA=a2R, 所以由(b-c)(sin B+sin C)=(a-√3c)·sin A 可得(b- c)(b+c)=a(a-√3c),即有c 2+a 2-b 2=√3ac ,则cos B=a 2+c 2−b 22ac=√32,由于0°<B<180°,则B=30°. 答案:30°14.已知三棱锥S-ABC 的全部顶点都在球O 的球面上,SA ⊥平面ABC ,SA=2√3,AB=1,AC=2,∠BAC=π3,则球O 的表面积为 .【解析】三棱锥S-ABC 的全部顶点都在球O 的球面上,由于SA ⊥平面ABC ,SA=2√3,AB=1,AC=2,∠BAC=60°,所以BC=√1+4−2×1×2×cos60°=√3,所以∠ABC=90°. 所以△ABC 截球O 所得的圆O ′的半径r=12AC=1,所以球O 的半径R=√12+(2√32)2=2,所以球O 的表面积S=4πR 2=16π. 答案:16π15.已知直线y=kx+1与曲线y=x 3+ax+b 相切于点(1,3),则b 的值为 . 【解题提示】由于切点在直线与曲线上,将切点的坐标代入两个方程,得到关于a ,b ,k 的方程,再求出在点(1,3)处的切线的斜率的值,即利用导数求出在x=1处的导函数值,结合导数的几何意义求出切线的斜率,再列出一个等式,最终解方程组即可得,从而问题解决.【解析】由于直线y=kx+1与曲线y=x 3+ax+b 相切于点(1,3), 所以{k +1=3,1+a +b =3,①又由于y=x 3+ax+b ,所以y ′=3x 2+a ,当x=1时,y ′=3+a 得切线的斜率为3+a ,所以k=3+a , ②所以由①②得:b=3. 答案:3关闭Word 文档返回原板块。

《导与练》(全国卷版)2016届高考英语二轮复习活页综合提升练(二)Word版含答案

《导与练》(全国卷版)2016届高考英语二轮复习活页综合提升练(二)Word版含答案

活页综合提升练(二)完形填空+阅读理解(限时35分钟)Ⅰ.完形填空For a few years,I have been wearing a ring on my right hand.It’s not always the 1 ring,but it’s always a ring that has 2 on it so that when I look at it,I’m 3 or reminded of something important.I have made a 4 of buying rings like this whenever I see one in a store.Sometimes I give them away as 5 to someone like Jennie.I first met Jennie in the 6 waiting room and we had talked several times.One night I sat down beside her and 7 how her son was going because I knew that he was in very 8 condition.She told me that she didn’t know what to do any more because it seemed none of the 9 from the doctors was good.They weren’t at all sure if her son was going to 10 the accident that had hurt him so badly.With11 in her eyes she said,“ They’re 12 my hope.”I knew then that it was 13 just a coincidence that I was wearing the ring that I had on that day.As she 14 talking,I 15 slipped the ring off my finger and placed it in Jennie’s hand.I told her to wear it to remember that God loved her and he would be with her 16 all of this. 17 Jennie looked down at the ring,she got excited and then held it tightly, 18 the word written on the ring was “HOPE”.The last day I was at the hospital,I saw Jennie in the distance as I got on the lift.She 19 and held up the hand with the ring on it as she called out to me saying,“Look,I 20 have Hope!”1.A.special B.expensive C.same D.valuable2.A.words B.pictures s D.symbols3.A.admired B.encouraged C.trusted D.puzzled4.A.plan B.point C.list D.habit5.A.gifts B.prizes C.awards D.thanks6.A.railway B.school C.hospital D.airport7.A.asked B.explained C.thought D.found8.A.favorable B.normal C.serious D.excellent9.A.advice B.news C.instructions fort10.A.defeat B.experience C.predict D.survive11.A.apologies B.tears C.anger D.doubt12.A.keeping up B.bringing down C.cutting off D.taking away13.A.other than B.rather than C.more than D.less than14.A.continued B.refused C.attempted D.started15.A.cautiously B.quietly C.nervously D.shyly16.A.over B.beyond C.through D.within17.A.Until B.While C.Since D.When18.A.for B.so C.yet D.and19.A.shouted B.waved C.cheered D.hesitated20.A.ever B.only C.still D.justⅡ.阅读理解( A )【广告说明类】Teen Climbing Camp 2010This 5-day climbing camp is suitable for teenagers between the ages of 13 and 18 who have an interest in rock climbing.The climbing days are designed for beginners and those who have some basic experience in a gym or outdoors.Participants will find themselves challenged physically and mentally.Rock Dimensions camps are designed to be a positive and memorable experience by providing healthy communication between participants,individual goal setting,and challenges that lead to personal growth.DatesMonday,June 29-Friday,July 3Monday,July 27-Friday,July 31LocationsClimbing Tower at FootsloggersLinville Gorge and Table Rock areaLocal climbing areas near BooneResponsibilitiesParticipants will meet Rock Dimensions guides at our location each morning and at the end of each day.Rock Dimensions will provide all climbing items,including a safety rope,a helmet and climbing shoes for each participant.Participants are responsible for bringing their own lunch,water,small backpack,appropriate clothing,and personal items like sun cream,etc.Pre-camp planningParticipants will receive the following information in their registration(注册) packet:Medical Form,Responsibility Agreement,Clothing/Equipment List,and Directions.Cost$575/person for the 5-day camp$325/person for the first 3 daysAnyone interested in participating in just the last two days of the camp should call to discuss pricing and necessary skills/experience.1.According to the text,Rock Dimensions camps will .A.probably impress participants deeplyB.provide a few competitionsC.help the participants set their life goalsD.check the records of personal growth2.What of the following do participants need to bring with them?A.A safety rope.B.A helmet.C.Climbing shoes.D.Appropriate clothing.3.If Paul wants to participate in the climbing camp from July 27 to July 29 and his brother from July 27 to July 31,it will cost them .A.575 dollarsB.650 dollarsC.900 dollarsD.1,150 dollars4.What can we infer from the text?A.Some experience is required of the participants.B.It’ll be hard for teens to experience the climbing.C.Parents are required to stay with their children.D.Guides will talk about the prices with parents.( B )(2015大连高三第一次模拟)【短篇故事类】Raised in a fatherless home,my father was extremely tight-fisted towards us children.His attitude didn’t soften as I grew into adulthood and went to college.I had to ride the bus whenever I came home.Though the bus stopped about two miles from home,Dad never met me,even in severe weather.If I grumbled,he’d say in his loudest father-voice,“That’s what your legs are for!”The walk didn’t bother me as much as the fear of walking alone along the highway and country roads.I also felt less than valued that my father didn’t seem concerned about my safety.But that feeling was canceled one spring evening.It had been a particularly difficult week at college after long hours in labs.I longed for home.When the bus reached a stop,I stepped off and dragged my suitcase to begin the long journey home.A row of hedge (树篱) edged the driveway that climbed the hill to our house.Once I had turned off the highway to start the last lap of my journey,I always had a sense of relief to see the hedge because it meant that I was almost home.On that particular evening,the hedge had just come into view when I saw something gray moving along the top of the hedge,moving toward the house.Upon closer observation,I realized it was the top of my father’s head.Then I knew,each time I’d come home,he had stood behind the hedge,watching,until he knew I had arrived safely.I swallowed hard against the tears.He did care,after all.On later visits,that spot of gray became my watchtower.I could hardly wait until I was close enough to watch for its secret movement above the greenery.Upon reaching home,I would find my father sitting innocently in his chair.“So!My son,it’s you!”he’d say,his face lengthening into pretended surprise.I replied,“Yes,Dad,it’s me.I’m home.”5.What does the underlined word “grumbled” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?( )A.Admitted readily.B.Explained clearly.C.Agreed lamely.D.Spoke unhappily.6.What made the author feel uncomfortable was .A.the tiredness after long hours in labsB.the fear of seeing something movingC.the feeling of being less than valuedD.the loneliness of riding the bus home7.The author’s father watched behind the hedge because .A.he was concerned about his son’s safetyB.he wanted to help his son build up courageC.he didn’t want to meet his son at the doorwayD.he didn’t think his son was old enough to walk alone8.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?( )A.My Father’s Secret.B.My College Life.C.Terrible Journey Home.D.Riding Bus Alone.活页综合提升练(二)Ⅰ.完形填空语篇解读:“我”总是喜欢戴一枚刻有字的戒指,因为它会鼓励“我”,或让“我”想起一些重要的事情。

2022年高考数学(理)二轮复习 专项精练:(高考22题) 12+4分项练2 Word版含答案

2022年高考数学(理)二轮复习 专项精练:(高考22题) 12+4分项练2 Word版含答案

12+4分项练2 不等式1.(2021届重庆市巴蜀中学三诊)设0<a <1,b >c >0,则下列结论不正确的是( ) A .a b <a c B .b a >c a C .log a b <log a c D.a b >ac答案 D解析 取a =12,b =4,c =2可知D 错.故选D.2.(2021·山东)已知x ,y 满足约束条件⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x -y +3≤0,3x +y +5≤0,x +3≥0,则z =x +2y 的最大值是( )A .0B .2C .5D .6 答案 C解析 如图所示,先画出可行域, 作出直线l :x +2y =0.由⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧3x +y +5=0,x +3=0,解得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x =-3,y =4.∴A (-3,4).由图可知,平移直线l 至过点A 时,z 取得最大值, z max =-3+2×4=5. 故选C.3.(2021·辽宁省试验中学模拟)已知实数x ,y 满足x 2-xy +y 2=1,则x +y 的最大值为( ) A .1 B .2 C .3 D .4 答案 B解析 原式可化为:(x +y )2=1+3xy ≤1+3⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫x +y 22,解得-2≤x +y ≤2,当且仅当x =y =1时x +y 有最大值 2.故选B.4.(2021届浙江省嘉兴市第一中学适应性考试)已知xy =1,且0<y <22,则x 2+4y 2x -2y 的最小值为( )A .4 B.92C .2 2D .4 2 答案 A解析 由于xy =1且0<y <22, 可知x >2,所以x -2y >0.x 2+4y 2x -2y =(x -2y )2+4xyx -2y =x -2y +4x -2y≥4,当且仅当x =3+1,y =3-12时等号成立.故选A.5.(2021届吉林省吉林高校附属中学模拟)已知实数x ,y 满足不等式组⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x -y +1≥0,x +2y +1≥0,2x +y -1≤0,若直线y =k (x +1)把不等式组表示的平面区域分成上、下两部分的面积比为1∶2,则k 等于( ) A.14 B.13 C.12 D.34 答案 A解析 作出不等式组对应平面区域如图(△ABC 及其内部),A (0,1),B (1,-1),∵直线y =k (x +1)过定点C (-1,0),∵C 点在平面区域ABC 内, ∴点A 到直线y =k (x +1)的距离d 上=|k -1|1+k2,点B 到直线y =k (x +1)的距离d 下=|2k +1|1+k2,∵直线y =k (x +1)把不等式组表示的平面区域分成上、下两部分的面积比为1∶2, ∴2×|k -1|1+k 2=|2k +1|1+k 2,解得k =14.故选A.6.已知函数f (x )=x 3+ax 2+bx +c ,且0<f (-1)=f (-2)=f (-3)≤3,则( ) A .c ≤3B .3<c ≤6C .6<c ≤9D .c >9 答案 C解析 由题意得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧-1+a -b +c =-8+4a -2b +c ,-1+a -b +c =-27+9a -3b +c ,化简得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ 3a -b -7=0,4a -b -13=0,解得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧a =6,b =11.所以f (-1)=c -6,所以0<c -6≤3,解得6<c ≤9,故选C.7.(2021届江西省重点中学联考)假照实数x ,y 满足关系⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x -y +1≥0,x +y -2≤0,y ≥0,又2x +y -7x -3≥c 恒成立,则c 的取值范围为( )A.⎝⎛⎦⎤-∞,95 B .(-∞,3] C.⎣⎡⎭⎫95,+∞ D .[3,+∞) 答案 A解析 不等式组表示的平面区域如图所示,若c ≤2x +y -7x -3恒成立,则只需c ≤⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫2x +y -7x -3min ,即c ≤⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫2+y -1x -3min ,所以问题转化为求y -1x -3的最小值,y -1x -3表示可行域内动点(x ,y )与定点(3,1)连线的斜率,依据图可知⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫y -1x -3min =k BC =-15,所以c ≤95,故选A.8.(2021届福建省宁德市质量检查)已知实数x ,y 满足的约束条件⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x -2y +2≥0,3x -2y -3≤0,x +y -1≥0表示的平面区域为D ,若存在点P (x ,y )∈D ,使x 2+y 2≥m 成立,则实数m 的最大值为 ( ) A.18116 B .1C.913 D .12 答案 A解析 如图,作出可行域D ,要使存在点P (x ,y )∈D ,使x 2+y 2≥m 成立,只需m ≤(x 2+y 2)max ,而x 2+y 2表示阴影部分中的点与原点距离的平方,所以(x 2+y 2)max =18116,即m ≤18116,m 的最大值为18116,故选A. 9.(2021·湖北省武汉市调研)已知实数x ,y 满足约束条件⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x -y ≥0,x +2y ≤4,x -2y ≤2,假如目标函数z =x +ay 的最大值为163,则实数a 的值为( )A .3 B.143C .3或143D .3或-113答案 D解析 先画出线性约束条件所表示的可行域,目标函数化为y =-1a x +1a z ,当a >0时,-1a<0,(1)当-12≤-1a<0,即a ≥2时,最优解为A ⎝⎛⎭⎫43,43,z =43+43a =163,a =3,符合题意; (2)当-1a <-12,即0<a <2时,最优解为B ⎝⎛⎭⎫3,12,z =3+12a =163,a =143,不符合,舍去; 当a <0时,-1a>0.(3)当0<-1a <12,即a <-2时,最优解为C (-2,-2),z =-2-2a =163,a =-113,符合;(4)当-1a ≥12,即-2≤a <0时,最优解为B ⎝⎛⎭⎫3,12,z =3+12a =163,a =143,不符合,舍去. 综上,实数a 的值为3或-113,故选D.10.(2021届河北省衡水中学押题卷)《几何原本》卷2的几何代数法(以几何方法争辩代数问题)成了后世西方数学家处理问题的重要依据,通过这一原理,很多的代数的公理或定理都能够通过图形实现证明,也称之为无字证明.现有如图所示图形,点F 在半圆O 上,点C 在直径AB 上,且OF ⊥AB ,设AC =a ,BC =b ,则该图形可以完成的无字证明为( ) A.a +b 2≥ab (a >0,b >0)B .a 2+b 2≥2ab (a >0,b >0) C.2ab a +b ≤ab (a >0,b >0) C.a +b 2≤a 2+b 22(a >0,b >0) 答案 D解析 AC =a ,BC =b ,可得圆O 的半径r =a +b2,又OC =OB -BC =a +b 2-b =a -b2,则FC 2=OC 2+OF 2=(a -b )24+(a +b )24=a 2+b 22,再依据题图知FO ≤FC ,即a +b2≤a 2+b 22,当且仅当a =b 时取等号.故选D. 11.(2021·湖南省衡阳市联考)已知实数x ,y 满足⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧y ≤x -1,x ≤3,x +5y ≥4,则x 2y的最小值是( )A .1B .2C .3D .4答案 D解析 作出不等式组所对应的平面区域,由图象可知x >0,y >0,设z =x 2y ,则x 2=zy ,对应的曲线为开口向上的抛物线,由图象可知当直线y =x -1与抛物线相切时,z 取得最小值,将y =x -1代入抛物线x 2=zy ,得x 2-zx +z =0,由Δ=0⇒z =4,z =0(舍). 故选D.12.(2021·湖南省长沙市长郡中学模拟)设正实数x ,y ,z 满足x 2-3xy +4y 2-z =0,则当xy z 取得最大值时,2x +1y -2z的最大值为( ) A .0 B .1 C.94 D .3 答案 B解析 据已知等式得z =x 2-3xy +4y 2,故xy z =xy x 2-3xy +4y 2=1x 2-3xy +4y 2xy =1x y +4y x-3,据基本不等式得xyz=1x y +4yx-3≤12x y ·4yx-3=1,当且仅当x y =4yx ,即x =2y 时取得最大值,此时z =2y 2且2x +1y -2z =2y -22y 2=-⎝⎛⎭⎫1y -12+1≤1,当y =1时取得最大值1. 13.(2021届河南省南阳市第一中学模拟)设x ,y 满足约束条件⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x -y ≥0,2x +y ≥0,3x -y -a ≤0,若目标函数z =x +y 的最小值为-25,则实数a 的值为________.答案 2解析 作出不等式组对应的平面区域为阴影部分ABO .由z =x +y ,得y =-x +z ,平移直线y =-x +z ,由图象可知当直线y =-x +z 经过点B 时,直线y =-x +z 截距最小,此时z 最小,由⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x +y =-25,2x +y =0解得⎩⎨⎧x =25,y =-45.即B ⎝⎛⎭⎫25,-45,同时B 也在直线3x -y -a =0上,即3×25-⎝⎛⎭⎫-45-a =0,得a =2. 14.(2021届云南省师范高校附属中学月考)下表所示为X ,Y ,Z 三种食物的维生素含量及成本,某食品厂欲将三种食物混合,制成至少含44 000单位维生素A 及48 000单位维生素B 的混合物100千克,所用的食物X ,Y ,Z 的质量分别为x ,y ,z (千克),混合物的成本最少为________元.X Y Z 维生素A (单位/千克) 400 600 400 维生素B (单位/千克) 800 200 400 成本(元/千克)12108答案 960解析 混合食物成本的多少受到维生素A ,B 的含量以及混合物总量等因素的制约,各个条件综合考虑,得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧400x +600y +400z ≥44 000,800x +200y +400z ≥48 000,x +y +z =100,x ≥0,y ≥0,z ≥0,消去不等式中的变量z ,得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧y ≥20,2x -y ≥40,x +y ≤100,目标函数为混合物成本函数P =12x +10y +8z =800+4x +2y .画出可行域如图所示,当直线y =-2x -400+P2过可行域内的点A (30,20)时,即x =30千克,y =20千克,z =50千克时,成本P =960元为最少.15.(2021届江西省重点中学联考)已知△ABC 中,AB =AC ,∠BAC =120°,BC =4,若点P 是边BC 上的动点,且P 到AB ,AC 的距离分别为m ,n ,则4m +1n的最小值为________.答案 92解析 由题知AB =AC =433,则依据三角形面积相等有12×⎝⎛⎭⎫4332×32=12×433(m +n ),则m +n =2,依据基本不等式,得4m +1n =12(m +n )⎝⎛⎭⎫4m +1n =12⎝⎛⎭⎫5+4n m +m n ≥92, 当且仅当⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧m +n =2,4n m =m n,即m =43,n =23时,等号成立.16.已知变量x ,y (x ,y ∈R )满足约束条件⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x -y ≤0,x +y ≥5,y -3≤0,若不等式(x +y )2≥c (x 2+y 2) (c ∈R )恒成立,则实数c的最大值为________. 答案2513解析 作出可行域如图所示,设t =y x ,由可行域易知1≤t ≤32.又由(x +y )2≥c (x 2+y 2) (c ∈R ),得 c ≤(x +y )2x 2+y 2=1+2xy x 2+y 2=1+2x y +y x,即c≤1+2t+1t,而2≤t+1t≤136,所以1+2t+1t的最小值为1+2136=1+1213=2513,所以c≤2513.。

2020届高考二轮英语专练检测(二) Word版含答案

2020届高考二轮英语专练检测(二) Word版含答案

2020届高考英语专练之自我检测(二)1、Everyone at Pacsafe is always eager to get out in the world and enjoy new cultures, food, and experiences. With that in mind we asked a few of our top travel bugs for their best travel destination recommendations for 2019. They also included their favorite Pacsafe bag to take on the trip. Enjoy and hopefully get some ideas for your own globe-trotting adventure.Sri Lanka---Alison Hanko, Global Marketing DirectorI’m going to Sri Lanka this summer holiday and can’t wait. It’s close to Hong Kong where I live and I’ve always wanted to go. The food is supposed to be amazing. It seems really relaxing and I really want to do the Kandy to Badulla train ride, which looks just stunning. We’ve booked a good mix of beaches, some time in a safari tent to hopefully see elephants in the wild.For my bag, I’ll most likely take the Quiksilver 40L Pack because it has the built-in wet pack for my swimming suit. It’s also a great size for a week-long trip in a warm climate.Japan---Ben Barras, Creative DirectorJapan is definitely my best travel destination recommendation. The culture, the streets, the architecture, the inspiration you get from all of that is amazing. The food is also fascinating. It’s where I’m most planning to go. Tokyo obviously, but a lso visiting the mountains. You can go snowboarding, which I haven’t done for years.I have a Vibe 25L Backpack which you can pack a lot in. The thing I like most about it is that it’s compact, but still fits plenty in. I’ll pair that up with a larger trav el bag for the rest of my things and use the backpack to get around day to day.Berlin---Phil Hayes, Executive VP of Global DesignFor me, it’s definitely Berlin. I’m particularly excited about the fashion, which I hear is pretty full on. Also the art gall eries and history. Food, nightlife. Everything I’ve heard about Berlin is pretty cool, so I’m going to suck as much as I can out of it. World’s Global Style Network had the Berlin shopping list that came out recently, so I’m going to follow that through as well.Bag wise, it will be the Quiksilver X Collab Bag. It’s the 25L Anti-theft Backpack. It’s normally my go-to bag for city trips because it’s super easy to lock on the plane and in bars, and it’s just the right amount of space.1.Which of the Pacsafe bag is a good choice for beach travel?A.The Quiksilver 40L Pack.B.The Vibe 25L Backpack.C.The Quiksilver X Collab Bag.D.25L Anti-theft Backpack.2.If you are interested in fashion, which destination should you choose?A.Sri Lanka.B.Japan.C.Berlin.D.Hong Kong.3.The main purpose of the passage is to ________.A.share personal travelling experiencesB.offer practical tips on taking adventureC.present cultures in different countriesD.recommend favorable travel destinations2、Surfing the Internet for fun will make you a better employee, according to an Australian study.The University of Melbourne study shows that people who use the Internet for their own reasons at work are about 9 percent more productive than those who do not. Study author Brent Coker said, "Surfing the Internet at times helps increase an employee's attention.""People need to relax for a bit to get back their attention," Coker said on the university's website. "Having a short break, such as a quick surfing of the Internet, helps the mind to rest itself, leading to a higher total Internet attention for a day's work, and as a result, increases productivity(生产效率)," he said.According to the study of 300 workers, 70 percent of people who use the Internet at work surf the Internet for their own reasons during office hours. Among the most popular surfing activities are searching for information about products, reading online news, playing online games and watching videos. "Firms spend a lot of money on software to block their employees from watching videos, using social networking sites or shopping online," said Coker. "That's not always a good idea."However, Coker said the study looked at people who surfed the Internet in moderation(适度), or were on the Internet for less than 20 percent of their total time in the office."Those who spend too much time surfing the Internet will have a lower productivity than those without," he said.(1).What does the University of Melbourne study mainly show?A.People who surf the Internet are good employees.B.Not everyone surfs the Internet for fun during office hours.C.The Internet is becoming more and more important in people's life.D.Surfing the Internet for fun at times during office hours increases productivity.(2).Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as one of the most popular surfing activities?A.Watching videos.B.Reading online news.C.Reading online novels.D.Playing online games.(3).The underlined word "block" in Paragraph 4 means "_______".A.stopanizeC.protectD.separate(4).What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.Those who never surf the Internet have the lowest productivity.B.Spending too much time surfing the Internet reduces productivity.C.Most people don't surf the Internet in moderation during office hours.D.People should spend as little time as possible surfing the Internet.3、It probably won’t surprise yo u that teens are texting more than ever before. Experts show great concern for teen texting. Students might not learn correct grammar and spelling if they write a lot of text messages. Also all that texting takes away from hours that could be spent studying, exercising, pursuing hobbies, or talking with others face to face. Some kids even sleep with their phones beneath their pillows and wake up several times during the night to text.Dr. Elizabeth Dowdell points out teens need to learn that they can—and should—turn off their phones sometimes. She and her team had two teenagers, Kenny and Franchesca, carry out an experiment. They should obey the rules: No phone for 48 hours. No computer or Internet either, unless it was for schoolwork. Would these two teenagers be able to do it?“ I think I’m going to feel really alone,” Kenny worried. Franchesca was nervous but brave. “I’m excited for the challenge,” she said. “I don’t know what’s going to happen.” They handed their phones to their mothers for safekeeping. The challenge was on.The team caught up with Kenny and Franchesca after 48 phone-free hours. “Wow, it was pure suffering,” Kenny joked. “Though life with no phone wasn’t easy,” he admitted, “it had benefits. I felt less stres sed because I didn’t have to be involved.” Sure, Kenny missed his friends, and he was sad at times. But he also felt relief from the constant texting. Instead of texting, Kennywent to the gym and caught up on schoolwork. He said that the first night he slept for 10 hours. He also spent time sitting with his family and talking. “I felt closer to my parents,” said Kenny.Franchesca had an even happier result when she put away her phone. “I loved it!” she said. “I was going to the gym and hanging out with fri ends and playing basketball. I had a wonderful experience.” She slept better too, and she decided to continue the experiment for a while. “I think I’ll be so much smarter and healthier,” she explained. “Everybody in the world should try it.”Kenny doesn’t plan to give up his phone again. But he now knows that he can live without it. “It was a reality check,” said the teen.1.Experts are concerned about teens’ texting because it ______.A.leads to learning disabilitiesB.takes up their learning timeC.develops the habit of staying up lateD.causes misunderstandings with each other2.What can be inferred from the passage?A.Teens will live a healthier life without phones.B.Expecting teens to live without phones is not realistic.C.Experimenting with phone use is popular among teens.D.Teens don’t realize how different their lives are without phones.3.How were the two teens’ reactions to the 48-hour challenge different?A.Only Kenny participated in physical activities.B.Only Kenny spent time talking with his parents.C.Only Franchesca benefited from a really good sleep.D.Only Franchesca appreciated the freedom of having no phone.4.Which is the best title for the passage?A.Giving up TextingB.Rules for Using PhonesC.Two Days with No PhoneD.Problems Caused by Texting4、Children in rural areas of Cambodia often suffer from or even die of preventable illnesses because there is not any soap available.In 2014, Samir Lakhani, an American college student, saw the issue while volunteering in a Cambodian village. "I remember quite vividly a mother bathing her newborn baby with laundry powder, which is so harmful to the skin," said Lakhani. "It's difficult for rural Cambodians to access soap. First is affordability. If you earn only $1.50 every day, you won't spend $1 on a bar ofsoap. Then comes access. The demand is so low that local shops don't stock soap. The last reason, because many Cambodians don't really understand where diseases come from, they don't know how to prevent them, including using soap."After figuring out a solution to the problem: the barely used soap in hotels, Lakhani started asking hotels to donate leftover soap. "They were all eager to help," he explained.Lakhani registered Eco-Soap Bank shortly afterwards. Soon, he received enough funds to hire disadvantaged Cambodian women to collect and reproduce the used soap.Today, the organization has four recycling centers across the country, providing jobs to 35 local women. And so far, some 174,000 bars of soap have been donated, about 24,000 pounds of soap has been recycled, and hygiene (卫生) has been improved for about 661,000 people. "We are killing three birds with one stone," Lakhani said.When it comes to the future of Eco-Soap Bank, Lakhani said, "We've just scratched the surface. Lack of hygiene is not something unique to Cambodia. The demand for improved hygiene in the developing world is huge, and much remains to be done. We're looking at seven countries to expand to in the near future."(1).Which of the following is not mentioned as the reason why rural Cambodians don't use soap?A.Poverty.B.Inaccessibility.C.Unawareness.D.Tradition.(2).What does the underlined part "killing three birds" in Paragraph 5 refer to?A.Saving soap, curing diseases and providing education.B.Stopping pollution, providing jobs and inspiring donation.C.Reducing waste, providing employment and improving health.D.Recycling waste, helping charity and improving community hygiene.(3).What can we infer about Eco-Soap Bank?A.It won't be long before it expands to the whole world.B.There's little it can do without other countries' assistance.C.It will make greater contributions to the developing world.D.It will soon settle the problem of poor hygiene in Cambodia.(4).What do we know about the text?A.Eco-Soap Bank helps improve hygiene.B.Cambodian women have a bright future.C.A US young man calls for helping poor countries.ck of hygiene remains a serious problem in the world.5、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

高考英语二轮复习专题限时训练(二)(新课标) 夹叙夹议型完形填空 Word版含解析

高考英语二轮复习专题限时训练(二)(新课标) 夹叙夹议型完形填空 Word版含解析

2014高考英语二轮复习专题限时训练(二)(新课标)夹叙夹议型完形填空Word版含解析(限时:每篇15分钟)AFor a long time I saw happiness as a huge banner (旗帜)across the finish line of a long race. I felt that only when I __1__ certain things could I finally be happy in my life. Most of the time I felt like a tortoise believing that being slow and __2__ would win the race. At other times I would __3__ like a rabbit trying different side roads at a dangerous speed hoping to reach that banner a little faster. __4__,I began to see that no matter how long I raced towards it, the banner was never any __5__.I finally decided one day to sit down and take a break. It was then that I saw my __6__ sitting beside me.It had been with me as I __7__ hard to support my family, as I played with my children and heard their __8__ and even when I was sick with my wife at my side looking after me. It had been with me as I raced towards that stupid banner. I just didn't have the __9__ to see it. There is an old Chinese proverb that says, “Tension is what you think you should be. __10__ is who you are.”Perhaps we all should stop our race towards the __11__ life we think we should have and __12__ the life we have now. Happiness will never be found under some banner far away. It will be found in your own heart, soul and mind. It will be found when you __13__ that others love you just as you do. Don't be a tortoise or a rabbit when it comes to your happiness. Be a playful puppy and carry your stick of __14__ with you everywhere you go. __15__ yourself out of the race and realize that when it comes to love and happiness, you are already there.1. A.forgot B.missedC.overcame D.accomplished2. A.safe B.steadyC.calm D.quiet3. A.act B.runC.jump D.walk4. A.Generally B.GraduallyC.Unfortunately D.Firstly5. A.clearer B.lowerC.closer D.smaller6. A.happiness B.goalC.success D.friendship7. A.studied B.foughtC.exercised D.worked8. A.laughter B.complaintsC.stories D.breathing9. A.courage B.chanceC.wisdom D.strength10.A.Stress B.RelaxationC.Failure D.Pain11. A.real B.perfectC.common D.colourful12. A.enjoy B.changeC.improve D.create13. A.realize B.believeC.hope D.admit14. A.sorrow B.responsibilityC.fortune D.joy15. A.Carry B.MakeC.Push D.TakeBI hadn't even got a chance to enter the store before an African American woman approached me and asked if I would help her return an item (商品). The item she had __1__ was intended for her daughter, but she had already received a similar one. The lady __2__ to exchange the item for something else in the store but she was told she needed an ID or the deal could not take place. I went to the __3__ with the woman so she could use my ID.The sales associate immediately started accusing her of asking the first __4__ person she saw to help her. Although that was __5__,I didn't understand why it mattered. After all, not everyone is given the opportunity to __6__ an ID in this country.Then, we asked to speak with a manager, who explained that there was no __7__ to return the item without a receipt and then went on to say the woman could not __8__ she purchased the item.“If I, a young white female, were to enter the store and request you to make an exchange without a receipt, I would not be __9__ the privilege—as I have proof from the past,” I said. He must have realized at that moment what he had done, because he __10__ to exchange the item.There are many valuable lessons in the story. The first is to help a stranger in need. I __11__ when the woman asked for my help, but __12__ in my head I asked myself, “Why not? What valid __13__ do I actually have?” I had none, so I helped her.The second lesson is not to judge a book by its __14__. The woman looked poor, but she __15__ the same treatment as anyone else did.1.A.purchased B.shownC.lost D.mended2. A.managed B.wantedC.refused D.promised3. A.counter B.departmentC.market D.window4. A.fair B.familiarC.impossible D.random5. A.wrong B.trueC.reasonable D.meaningful6. A.leave B.payC.find D.obtain7. A.request B.placeC.way D.need8. A.answer B.proveC.support D.admit9. A.ordered B.askedC.denied D.given10. A.agreed B.preparedC.failed D.remembered11. A.struggled B.wonderedC.hesitated D.nodded12. A.totally B.graduallyC.hardly D.quickly13. A.feelings B.goalsC.reasons D.ideas14. A.design B.coverC.content D.price15. A.deserved B.requiredC.received D.appreciatedCI used to believe in the American Dream,which meant a job,a mortgage(按揭),credit cards, and success.I wanted it and worked towards it like everyone else, all of us __1__ chasing the same thing.One year, through a series of unhappy events, it all fell __2__.I found myself homeless and alone.I had my truck and $56. I __3__ the countryside for some place I could rent for the __4__ possible amount.I came upon a shabby house four miles up a winding mountain road over the Potomac River in West Virginia.It was __5__,full of broken glass and rubbish.I found the owner, rented it,and cleared a corner to camp in.The locals knew nothing about me,but slowly, they started teaching me the __6__ of being a neighbour.They dropped off blankets,candles,and tools,and began __7__ around to chat. They started to teach me a belief in a __8__ American Dream—not the one of individual achievement but of neighbourliness.What I had believed in, all those things I thought were __9__ for a civilized life, were non-existent in this place.Up on the mountain, my most valuable possessions were my __10__ with my neighbours.Four years later, I moved back into __11__.I saw many people were having a really hard time, __12__ their jobs and houses.I managed to rent a big enough house to __13__ a handful of people. There are four of us now in the house,but over time I've had nine people come in and move on to other places.We'd all be in __14__ if we hadn't banded together.The American Dream I believe in now is a shared one.It's not so much about what I can get for myself;it's about __15__ we can all get by together.1.A.separately B.equallyC.violently D.naturally2.A.off B.apartC.over D.out3.A.crossed B.leftC.toured D.searched4.A.fullest B.largestC.fairest D.cheapest5.A.occupied B.abandonedC.emptied D.robbed6.A.benefit B.lessonC.nature D.art7.A.sticking B.lookingC.swinging D.turning8.A.wild B.realC.different D.remote9.A.unique B.expensiveC.rare D.necessary10.A.cooperation B.relationshipsC.satisfaction D.appointments11.A.reality B.societyC.town D.life12.A.creating B.losingC.quitting D.offering13.A.put in B.turn inC.take in D.get in14.A.yards B.sheltersC.camps D.cottages15.A.when B.whatC.whether D.how专题限时训练(二)A【要点综述】本文是夹叙夹议文。

2020浙江高考语文二轮培优新方案精练:古诗歌阅读综合练(二) Word版含解析

2020浙江高考语文二轮培优新方案精练:古诗歌阅读综合练(二) Word版含解析

姓名,年级:时间:古诗歌阅读综合练(二)一、阅读下面这首唐诗,完成1~2题。

(8分)河湟杜牧元载相公曾借箸①,宪宗皇帝亦留神.旋见衣冠就东市②,忽遗弓剑③不西巡。

牧羊驱马虽戎服,白发丹心尽汉臣。

唯有凉州歌舞曲,流传天下乐闲人。

[注]①借箸:《史记·留侯世家》载,张良在刘邦吃饭时进策说:“臣请借前箸为大王筹之。

”②衣冠就东市:《汉书·晁错传》载:汉景帝时,御史大夫晁错被谗,“衣朝衣,就东市”。

③忽遗弓剑:采用黄帝乘龙升仙的传说,借指宪宗之死。

1.本诗尾联“唯有凉州歌舞曲,流传天下乐闲人”两句,与杜牧《泊秦淮》中,两句有异曲同工之妙.(2分)参考答案:商女不知亡国恨隔江犹唱后庭花(每空1分)2.本诗主要运用了哪些艺术手法?请简要分析。

(6分)答:参考答案:①用典。

(1分)“借箸”“衣冠就东市”分别运用了张良、晁错的典故,写出了元载相公提出收复失地建议而未被采纳的故事,突出了作者想收复失地但壮志难酬的悲愤之情;“忽遗弓剑"运用黄帝乘龙升仙的典故,写宪宗之死,表达了收复失地无望的痛心.(2分)②对比。

(1分)白发丹心的“汉臣”与沉迷歌舞的“闲人”对比,而此“闲人”又与前四句中有安边之志的元载、宪宗形成对比,强调了作者对当朝统治者醉生梦死,不关心国事的讽刺。

(2分)(若有其他答案,只要言之成理,亦可酌情给分)二、阅读下面这首诗,完成3~4题。

(8分)旅怀江为①迢迢江汉路,秋色又堪惊。

半夜闻鸿雁,多年别弟兄.高风云影断,微雨菊花明。

欲寄东归信,裴回②无限情。

[注]①江为:公元950年前后在世,字以善,五代时建州人,其先宋州考城人,曾避乱外地。

②裴回:徘徊,彷徨。

3.本诗中所写的秋色包括和两个场景。

(2分)参考答案:高风云影断微雨菊花明(每空1分,用自己的语言作答亦可)4.本诗是如何表现诗人的羁旅愁怀的?请加以分析.(6分)答:参考答案:①融情于景:诗人精心选取了迢迢江汉路、夜半鸿雁鸣等凄清冷落的秋景,抒发游子羁旅情思;②直抒胸臆:诗人用“堪惊”“多年别弟兄”“无限情"直接抒发逢秋的悲凉、惊惧之情和思念亲人的煎熬之苦。

2019届高考英语二轮复习必刷题型:(2)阅读理解(二) Word版含解析 (15)

2019届高考英语二轮复习必刷题型:(2)阅读理解(二)    Word版含解析 (15)

短文改错(二)1、假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线( \ )划掉。

修改:在错词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Nowadays, the computer technology develops very fast that the Internet has become more and more popular. Some students regarded it as a great helper. Because there has a lot of information on line, so you can surf the Internet for any information you need in a short time without working hard in the library. This is also very convenient to talk with others by using the Internet. Moreover, other students think that there is some information on line which is not good for students. In addition, spend too much time playing games will not only have a bad effect on their studies but also do harm for health. Therefore, we should make properly use of the Internet. It is of great important to separate good plants from wild weeds.2、假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

2020届高考二轮化学之化学反应原理题型专练(二) Word版含答案

2020届高考二轮化学之化学反应原理题型专练(二) Word版含答案

2020届高考查漏补缺之化学反应原理题型专练(二)1、某实验小组在T1温度下,容积为1L的恒容密闭容器中,同时通入0.1mol CO(g)和0.1mol H2O(g),发生反应:CO(g)+H2O(g)CO2(g)+H2(g) ΔH=a kJ· mol-1。

测得CO2的物质的量浓度随时间的变化关系如图所示。

(1)0~10min内,CO的平均反应速率为_____________。

(2)T1温度下,该反应的平衡常数K为__________(用分数表示)。

(3)①已知:I.H2的燃烧热ΔH=-285.8kJ· mol-1;II.CO的燃烧热ΔH=-283kJ· mol-1;III.H2O(g)=H2O(l) ΔH=-44kJ· mol-1。

则a=_________。

②反应达到平衡后,下列措施能使平衡向正反应方向移动的是________(填字母)。

A.升高温度B.增大压强C.通入H2O(g)D.移走CO2(g)(4)T1温度下,某时刻另一实验小组测得反应容器中有关数据为c(CO)=0.6mol·L-1、c(H2O)=1.6mol·L-1,c(H2)=0.4mol·L-1,c(CO2)=0.4mol·L-1,则该反应在下-时刻将_______________(填“向正反应方向进行”“向逆反应方向进行”或“达到平衡”),判断依据是__________。

2、治理汽车尾气和燃煤尾气是环境保护的重要课题.请回答下列问题:(1)在汽车排气系统中安装三元催化转化器,可发生反应:2NO(g)+2CO(g) 2CO2(g)+N2(g).在恒容密闭容器中通入等量的CO和NO,发生上述反应时,c(CO)随温度(T)和时间(t)的变化曲线如图所示.①据此判断该反应的正反应为____(填“放热”或“吸热”)反应.②温度T1时,该反应的平衡常数K=_____;反应速率v=v(正)-v(逆)=k正c2(NO)c2(CO)- k逆c2(CO2)c(N2),k正、k逆分别为正、逆反应速率常数,计算a处v(正):v(逆)=________.(2)下图流程是一种新型的除去尾气中氮氧化物的技术,一般采用氨气或尿素作还原剂该技术中用尿素[CO(NH2)2]作还原剂还原NO2的主要反应为:4CO(NH 2)2+6NO24CO2+7N2+8H2O ,则用NH3作还原剂还原尾气中NO(NH3、NO的物质的量之比为1:1)的化学方程式为:______.(3)哈伯法合成氨的流程图如下图,下列五个流程中为提高原料利用率而采取的措施________(填序号)(4)一种电化学制备NH3的装置如图所示,图中陶瓷在高温时可以传输H+.下列叙述正确的是______________(填选项)A.Pd电极b为阴极B.阴极的反应式为N2+6H++6e-=2NH3C.H+由阳极向阴极迁移D.陶瓷可以隔离N2和H2(5)也可用CH4催化还原NO x法消除烟气中氮氧化物的污染.已知:①CH4(g)+ 2NO2(g)= N2(g)+CO2(g)+2H2O(g) △H=-867.0kJ/mol;②N2(g)+2O2(g)= 2NO2(g) △H=+67.0 kJ/mol;③N2(g)+O2(g)=2NO(g) △H=+89.0 kJ/mol则CH4催化还原NO的热化学方程式为__________________________________.3、将甘油(C3H8O3)转化成高附加值产品是当前热点研究方向,甘油和水蒸气经催化重整可制得氢气,反应主要过程如下:反应Ⅰ:C 3H8O3(l)+3H2O(g)3CO2(g)+7H2(g) ΔH1反应Ⅱ:2C 3H8O3(l)+3O2(g)6CO2(g)+8H2(g) ΔH2=a kJ·mol-1反应Ⅲ:2H 2(g)+O2(g)2H2O(g) ΔH3=b kJ·mol-1(1)ΔH1=__________。

2023年高考语文二轮复习专题训练 专题02 非连续性文本阅读(2) Word版含解析

2023年高考语文二轮复习专题训练 专题02  非连续性文本阅读(2) Word版含解析

专题03 2022高考新题型非连续性文本之材料内容梳理试题解析专训(2)(教师版)时间:45分钟分值:36分得分:阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。

材料一:种子是一种最主要的种质材料。

贮藏种子的目的在于延长种子寿命、保持活力并保存植物固有基因,而延长种子寿命是最为基本的目标。

种子的寿命问题就是种子生命力控制问题,而种子的贮藏寿命与种子含水量及贮藏温度密切相关。

哈灵顿认为,在一定的温度范围内(1~50℃),温度每增加5℃,或种子含水量每增加1%,则种子贮藏寿命减半。

罗伯茨根据对种子贮藏特性的研究,把种子分为正统型种子和顽拗型种子两类。

他进一步研究发现,正统型种子的种子含水量能被干燥至5%以下而不受伤害,并且其贮藏寿命随种子含水量和贮藏温度的降低而加长,大部分栽培作物的种子属于此类型。

这一研究使人们开始进行种子的低温干燥保存,从而产生和发展了植物种质保存的基因技术,也即是种子库或种质库技术。

(摘编自植物百科:植物种子和组织的保存技术)材料二:绝大多数种子在经过清理、干燥等常规处理流程后,就可以保存在零下20摄氏度的冷库。

但是不少种子比较“娇贵”,一失水就会失活,被称为顽拗型种子,传统上要保存这类种质资源,科研人员往往要先“剥栗子”,将胚从种子里挑出来,经过处理后,放入零下196摄氏度的液氨中进行超低温保存。

如何破解这类植物种质资源保存难题?科研人员将目光瞄准了植物胚性细胞诱导体系的构建。

与传统的组培相比,胚性细胞诱导技术所需的材料不一定是成熟的种子,植物细胞或组织分化旺盛的部分,以及茎尖、项芽等部位都可以。

通过诱导出来的胚性细胞系可以在试管等离体条件下培养出许多胚,从而快速繁育更多植株,并且苗木不带有病原体,未来在农艺、园艺等方面应用潜力巨大。

(摘编自杨文明、李茂颖《用科技解决野生植物种子收集、保存难题》)材料三:从2001年起,钟扬每年在西藏进行野外科学考察,利用最现代的分子生物学的方法研究青藏高原上的植物。

安徽2021届高考历史二轮复习之能力专项训练2Word版含答案

安徽2021届高考历史二轮复习之能力专项训练2Word版含答案

世界多极化趋势的消灭和加强一、选择题1. [2022·四川省成都市高中毕业班摸底测试]从20世纪60年月开头,法国开放了一系列令美国人不满的活动:命令舰队拒绝参与北约的军事演习,调整与苏联的关系,与中国建立外交关系等。

这说明法国政府()A. 脱离了资本主义阵营B. 奉行独立自主的外交政策C. 乐观推动欧洲一体化D. 与社会主义国家结盟解析:二战后西欧国家间的联系日益亲密,渐渐走上了联合的道路。

随着经济实力的增加,西欧国家开头摆脱美国的把握,如法国退出美国把握的北约,推行独立自主的外交政策,如调整与社会主义国家的外交关系,故答案选B项。

答案:B2. [2022·江西省高三新课程适应性考试]1961年不结盟运动在其宣言中说:“我们一开头就坚持反对集团政策和外国统治,反对一切形式的政治和经济霸权,而主见每一个国家拥有自由、独立和自主进展的权利。

我们从来不同意充当任何人的橡皮图章或后备军。

”这一运动()A. 标志着区域合作进入新阶段B. 推动国际政治力气向多极化转化C. 动摇了美苏的霸权地位D. 促进了世界政治、经济一体化解析:不结盟运动的意义就在于推动了多极化趋势,选择B项。

不结盟运动并非区域合作,排解A项;冲击但未动摇美苏霸权地位,排解C项;不结盟要求独立自由进展,这与一体化是相悖的,排解D项。

答案:B3. 由欧洲煤钢共同体,到欧洲经济共同体,再到欧洲联盟,这反映了欧洲各国的合作()①由单一的经济部门扩大到各经济领域②由经济一体化到政治一体化③由区域集团化到全球一体化④由追随美国到要求建立公平的伙伴关系A.①②B.②③C.③④D.①④解析:欧洲从一开头就追求与美国建立公平的关系;欧洲一体化仅限于欧洲。

故正确选项是A。

答案:A4. 下图是同学对历史教材内容的直观呈现,对此理解正确的是()A.世界多极化局面的形成B.美苏冷战完全抑制了多极化的进展C.欧共体、日本等形成新的联合体D.“冷战”时期已呈现政治多极化趋势解析:在美苏冷战时期,世界多极化趋势就已经开头形成和进展了,故答案选D。

2024届高考二轮复习英语试题(新高考新教材)+组合练(二)+Word版含答案

2024届高考二轮复习英语试题(新高考新教材)+组合练(二)+Word版含答案

组合练(二)Ⅰ.应用文写作(2021·山东烟台一模)假定你是李华, 最近你校举办了创意灯笼展。

你的英国朋友Jack对此很感兴趣, 发来邮件询问具体情况。

请给他回复邮件, 内容包括:1.灯笼展的时间、地点;2.作品的来源、特色;3.你的感受。

注意:1.词数80左右;2.可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。

Ⅱ.读后续写阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。

续写词数应为150左右。

After a long day, Zhang Tian finally got back to his small room, feeling tired. He had started working at seven in the morning, and it was eight in the evening now. He had to prepare his lessons for the following day. This is a typical day for Zhang Tian. Coming to Guizhou Province to teach has been quite an experience for him.Zhang Tian graduated from university and got a teacher’s certificate last year. His parents, like most, hoped he would go to a big city to find a teaching job. Likewise, his friends all left his hometown for work in Shanghai or Beijing. Zhang Tian felt differently,however. He wanted to start a new lifestyle. He had met wonderful teachers from small villages during his early school years and he was inspired by them to go and teach where he was needed the most. For that reason he applied for and became a volunteer teacher in a village school. Bringing with him lots of books, clothes, and two pairs of trainers, Zhang Tian travelled to the village with an eager heart. He imagined all sorts of exciting things about living independently and teaching in a village.However, not everything lived up to Zhang Tian’s hopes. The school had just three teachers and Zhang Tian was the only English teacher. The other two local teachers were responsible for maths and Chinese. The school was much smaller than he had expected, with only three classrooms. In front of the classrooms, there was a playground which got dusty on windy days and muddy on rainy days. Living in the village was also more challenging than he had thought. The power and water supplies were unstable, so he could only shower every three or four days, and he had to learn how to cook.The thought of leaving once flashed through his mind.Zhang Tian’s first service year is almost over.组合练(二)Ⅰ.Dear Jack,Knowing that you’re interested in our school’s Innovative Lantern Show, I’m writing to share something about it.Last Saturday evening, hundreds of lighted lanterns, all of which were students’ self-made works, were hanging between the trees on campus, getting viewers into a fantastic world. Additionally, the variously shaped lanterns were all made of recycled waste such as plastic bottles or cardboard, serving as a reminder for us to protect the environment.The impressive show amazed everyone present. It inspired us to add innovation to our traditional lantern culture, promote our creativity and boost our hands-on skills.Yours,。

2022版《新坐标》高考数学(文山东版)二轮复习押题卷2 Word版含答案

2022版《新坐标》高考数学(文山东版)二轮复习押题卷2 Word版含答案

原创押题卷(二)(时间120分钟,满分150分)第Ⅰ卷一、选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题5分,共50分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)1.设全集为R,集合A={x|x2-9<0},B={x|-1<x≤5},则A∩(∁R B)=()A.(-3,0) B.(-3,-1)C.(-3,-1] D.(-3,3)2.设复数z=1+i(i是虚数单位),则2z+z2=()A.1+i B.1-iC.-1-i D.-1+i3.已知||a=1,||b= 2 ,且a⊥(a-b),则向量a与向量b的夹角为()A.π6 B.π4 C.π3 D.2π34.某商场在端午节的促销活动中,对9时至14时的销售额进行统计,其频率分布直方图如图1所示.已知9时至10时的销售额为3万元,则11时至12时的销售额为()图1A.8万元B.10万元C.12万元D.15万元5.在平面直角坐标系xOy中,设直线l:kx-y+1=0与圆C:x2+y2=4相交于A,B两点,以OA,OB为邻边作平行四边形OAMB,若点M在圆C上,则实数k等于() A.1 B.2 C.-1 D.06.函数y=4cos x-e|x|(e为自然对数的底数)的图象可能是()7.已知正三角形ABC的边长是3,D是BC上的点,BD=1,则AD→·BC→=() A.-92B.-32 C.152 D.528. 已知变量x,y满足⎩⎨⎧4x+y-9≥0,x+y-6≤0,y-1≥0,若目标函数z=x-ay取到最大值3,则a的值为()A.2 B.12 C.25D.19.已知双曲线x2a2-y2b2=1(a>0,b>0)与函数y=x的图象交于点P,若函数y=x的图象在点P处的切线过双曲线左焦点F(-1,0),则双曲线的离心率是()A.5+12 B.5+22 C.3+12 D.3210.若对于定义在R上的函数f(x),其图象是连续不断的,且存在常数λ(λ∈R)使得f(x+λ)+λf(x)=0对任意实数x都成立,则称f(x)是一个“λ~特征函数”.下列结论中正确的个数为()①f(x)=0是常数函数中唯一的“λ~特征函数”;②f(x)=2x+1不是“λ~特征函数”;③“13~特征函数”至少有一个零点;④f(x)=e x是一个“λ~特征函数”.A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4第Ⅱ卷二、填空题(本大题共5小题,每小题5分,共25分.把答案填在题中横线上)11.已知x,y的取值如下表:x 2345y 2.2 3.8 5.5 6.5从散点图分析,y 与x线性相关,且回归方程为y^=bx-0.61,若回归直线与直线2x+ay+1=0垂直,则实数a的值为________.12. 已知MOD函数是一个求余函数,其格式为MOD(n,m),其结果为n除以m的余数,例如MOD(8,3)=2.下面是一个算法的程序框图,当输入的值为25时,则输出的结果为________.图213.如图3,为了测量A,C两点间的距离,选取同一平面上B,D两点,测出四边形ABCD 的各边的长度(单位:km):AB=5,BC=8,CD=3,DA=5,如图所示,且A,B,C,D四点共圆,则AC的长为________km.图314.某几何体的三视图如图4所示,图中方格的长度为1,则该几何体的外接球的体积为________.图415. 已知函数f(x)=4x+1,g(x)=4-x,若偶函数h(x)满足h(x)=mf(x)+ng(x) (其中m,n 为常数),且最小值为1,则m+n=________.三、解答题(解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤)16.已知函数f(x)=sin⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫2ωx-π6-4sin2ωx+2(ω>0),其图象与x轴相邻两个交点的距离为π2.(1)求函数f(x)的解析式;(2)若将f(x)的图象向左平移m(m>0)个长度单位得到函数g(x)的图象恰好经过点⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫-π3,0,求当m取得最小值时,g(x)在⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤-π6,7π12上的单调递增区间.17.(本小题满分12分)为了解甲、乙两厂的产品质量,分别从两厂生产的产品中各随机抽取10件,测量产品中某种元素的含量(单位:毫克),其测量数据的茎叶图如下:图5规定:当产品中此种元素含量大于18毫克时,认定该产品为优等品.(1)试比较甲、乙两厂生产的产品中该种元素含量的平均值的大小;(2)现从乙厂抽出的非优等品中随机抽取两件,求至少抽到一件该元素含量为10毫克或13毫克的产品的概率.18.(本小题满分12分)如图6,在四棱锥P-ABCD中,P A⊥平面ABCD,P A=AB=AD=2,AB⊥AD,BC∥AD且BC=4,点M为PC中点.图6(1)求证:平面ADM⊥平面PBC;(2)求点P到平面ADM的距离.19.(本小题满分12分)数列{a n}的前n项为S n,S n=2n-n,等差数列{b n}的各项为正实数,其前n项和为T n,且T3=15,又a1+b1,a2+b2,a3+b3-1成等比数列.(1)求数列{a n},{b n}的通项公式;(2)若c n=a n·b n,当n≥2时,求数列{c n}的前n项和A n.20.(本小题满分13分)已知椭圆x2a2+y2b2=1(a>b>0)的离心率为e,半焦距为c,B(0,1)为其顶点,且a2,c2,b2依次成等差数列.(1)求椭圆的标准方程和离心率e;(2)P,Q为椭圆上的两个不同的动点,且k BP·k BQ=e2.①试证直线PQ过定点M,并求出M点坐标;②△PBQ是否可以为直角三角形?若是,恳求出直线PQ的斜率;否则请说明理由.21.(本小题满分14分)已知函数f(x)=a x-2x(a>0,且a≠1).(1)当a=2时,求曲线f(x)在点P(2,f(2))处的切线方程;(2)若f(x)的值恒非负,试求a的取值范围;(3)若函数f(x)存在微小值g(a),求g(a)的最大值.【详解答案】1.【解析】A={x|-3<x<3},∁R B={x|x≤-1或x>5},故A∩(∁R B)={x|-3<x≤-1}.【答案】 C2.【解析】∵z=1+i,∴21+i+(1+i)2=1-i+2i=1+i,故选A.【答案】 A3.【解析】∵a⊥(a-b),∴a·(a-b)=a2-a·b=0,∴a·b=a2,∵||a=1,||b=2,∴cos〈a,b〉=a·b|a||b|=a2|a||b|=22,∴向量a与向量b的夹角为π4,故选B.【答案】 B4.【解析】由频率分布直方图得0.4÷0.1=4,∴11时至12时的销售额为3×4=12.【答案】 C5.【解析】由于平行四边形OAMB是以OA,OB为邻边的菱形,且∠MOB=60°,O到y =kx+1的距离为1,即11+k2=1,解得k=0,故选D.【答案】 D6.【解析】由于f(x)=4cos x-e|x|为偶函数,所以排解B,D;由于f(0)=3,所以排解C,故选A.【答案】 A7.【解析】由余弦定理得:AD2=32+12-2×3×1×cos 60°=7,∴AD=7,∴cos∠ADB=1+7-92×1×7=-714,∴AD→·BC→=7×3×cos∠ADB=37×-714=-32.【答案】 B8.【解析】画出可行域知,该区域是由点A(5,1),B(2,1),C(1,5)所围成的三角形区域(包括边界),直线z=x-ay在y轴上的截距为-1a z,斜率为1a,通过调整直线易得在点A(5,1)取到最大值,故3=5-a·1,解得a=2.【答案】 A9.【解析】设P(x0,x0),∴切线的斜率为12x0,又∵在点P处的切线过双曲线左焦点F(-1,0),∴12x0=x0x0+1,解得x0=1,∴P(1,1),因此2c=2,2a=5-1,故双曲线的离心率是5+12,故选A.【答案】 A10.【解析】①设满足定义的常数函数为f(x)=C,则有C+λC=(1+λ)C=0,当λ=-1时C可不为0,故①错;②若该函数满足定义则存在实数使得2(x+λ)+1+λ(2x+1)=0对全部x都成立,则有⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧2+2λ=0,3λ+1=0有实根,而此方程组无实数解,故②对;对于③,令x=0,得f⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫13+13f(0)=0,所以f⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫13=-13f(0).若f(0)=0,明显f(x)=0有实数根;若f(0)≠0,则f⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫13·f(0)=-13f (0)2<0.又由于f (x )的图象是连续不断的,所以f (x )在⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫0,13上必有实根,故③对;④若该函数满足定义,则存在实数使得e x +λ+λe x =0对全部x 都成立,则有e λ+λ=0有实根,而由函数图象关系知此方程有小于零的实数解,故④对.故此题有三个命题正确,选C.【答案】 C11.【解析】 由所给数据,得x =2+3+4+54=3.5,y =2.2+3.8+5.5+6.54=4.5,将(3.5,4.5)代入到回归方程,得4.5=b ×3.5-0.61,解得b =1.46,即回归直线方程为y ^=1.46x -0.61,由于回归直线与直线2x +ay +1=0垂直,所以1.46×2-1×a =0,解得a =2.92.【答案】 2.9212.【解析】 第一次循环:i =3;其次次循环:i =4;第三次循环:i =5;此时MOD(25,5)=0,循环结束,输出i =5.【答案】 513.【解析】 由于A ,B ,C ,D 四点共圆,所以∠B +∠D =π,由余弦定理得 AC 2=52+32-2×5×3cos D =34-30cos D , AC 2=52+82-2×5×8cos B =89-80cos B ,由cos B =-cos D ,得-34-AC 230=89-AC 280,解得AC =7. 【答案】 714.【解析】 依据三视图还原成几何体直观图为如图所示的三棱锥P -ABC ,其特点是:侧面P AB ⊥底面ABC ,由图可知,其外接球的球心为AB 的中点,半径为2,故该几何体的外接球的体积为V =43π×23=323π.【答案】 323π15.【解析】 由已知得h (-x )=h (x ),∴(m -n )·4 -x +(n -m )·4x =0,得m =n ,∴h (x )=m ·(4x +1)+m ·4 -x =m (4x +4 -x )+m ≥m ·24x ·4-x +m =3m ,当且仅当4 x =4-x ,即x =0时,等号成立,∵函数h (x )的最小值为1,∴3m =1,得m =13,∴m +n =23.【答案】 2316.【解】 (1)由已知f (x )=32sin 2ωx -12cos 2ωx -4×1-cos 2ωx 2+2=32sin 2ωx +32cos 2ωx =3sin ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫2ωx +π3,由已知函数f (x )的周期T =π,即2π2ω=π,∴ω=1, ∴f (x )=3sin ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫2x +π3.(2)将f (x )的图象向左平移m (m >0)个单位得到g (x )的图象, 则g (x )=3sin ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫2x +2m +π3.∵g (x )经过点⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫-π3,0,∴3sin ⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤2⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫-π3+2m +π3=0, 即sin ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫2m -π3=0,∴2m -π3=k π(k ∈Z ),m =k 2π+π6,∵m >0,∴当k =0时,m 取得最小值,此时最小值为π6.此时,g (x )=3sin ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫2x +2π3.若-π6≤x ≤7π12, 则π3≤2x +2π3≤11π6,当π3≤2x +2π3≤π2,即-π6≤x ≤-π12时,g (x )单调递增; 当3π2≤2x +2π3≤11π6,即5π12≤x ≤7π12时,g (x )单调递增. ∴g (x )在⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤-π6,7π12上的单调递增区间为⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤-π6,-π12和⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤5π12,7π12.17.【解】 (1)甲厂平均值为110(9+18+15+16+19+13+23+20+25+21)=17.9, 乙厂平均值为110(18+14+15+16+19+10+13+21+20+23)=16.9. 所以甲厂平均值大于乙厂平均值.(2)记含量为10和13毫克的两件产品为A ,B ,其他非优质品分别为C ,D ,E ,F ,则“从六件非优质品中随机抽取两件”,基本大事有:(A ,B ),(A ,C ),(A ,D ),(A ,E ),(A ,F ),(B ,C ),(B ,D ),(B ,E ),(B ,F ), (C ,D ),(C ,E ),(C ,F ),(D ,E ),(D ,F ),(E ,F ),共15个. “至少抽到一件含量为10毫克或13毫克的产品”所组成的基本大事有:(A ,B ),(A ,C ),(A ,D ),(A ,E ),(A ,F ),(B ,C ),(B ,D ),(B ,E ),(B ,F ),共9个, 故所求概率P =915=35.18.【解】 (1)证明:取PB 中点N ,连接MN 、AN , ∵M 是PC 中点,∴MN ∥BC ,MN =12BC =2, 又∵BC ∥AD ,AD =2,∴MN ∥AD ,MN =AD , ∴四边形ADMN 为平行四边形.∵AP ⊥AD ,AB ⊥AD ,∴AD ⊥平面P AB ,∴AD ⊥AN ,∴AN ⊥MN , ∵AP =AB ,∴AN ⊥PB ,又∵MN ∩PB =N ,∴AN ⊥平面PBC , ∵AN ⊂平面ADM ,∴平面ADM ⊥平面PBC . (2)由(1)知,PN ⊥AN ,PN ⊥AD ,所以PN ⊥平面ADM ,即点P 到平面ADM 的距离为PN , 在Rt △P AB 中,由P A =AB =2,得PB =22,所以PN =12PB = 2. 19.【解】 (1)当n =1时,a 1=2-1=1;当n ≥2时,a n =S n -S n -1=2n -n -[2n -1-(n -1)]=2n -1-1, 此式对n =1不成立, ∴a n =⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧1, n =1,2n -1-1, n ≥2.又由T 3=15可得b 1+b 2+b 3=15,∴b 2=5.设数列{b n }的公差为d ,由a 1+b 1,a 2+b 2,a 3+b 3-1成等比数列可得6-d,6,7+d 成等比数列,∴(6-d )(7+d )=36⇒d =2或d =-3.又∵等差数列{b n }的各项为正实数, ∴d =-3不合题意,舍去,∴d =2,从而可得b n =b 2+(n -2)d =5+(n -2)·2=2n +1. (2)c n =a n ·b n =⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧3,n =1,(2n +1)·2n -1-(2n +1),n ≥2.当n ≥2时,∴A n =3+5·21+7·22+…+(2n -1)·2n -2+(2n +1)·2n -1-[5+7+…+(2n +1)], 令P n =5·21+7·22+…+(2n -1)·2n -2+(2n +1)·2n -1,① 则2P n =5·22+7·23+…+(2n -1)·2n -1+(2n +1)·2n ,② ①-②可得-P n =5·21+23+…+2n -(2n +1)·2n , ∴-P n =5·21+23+…+2n -(2n +1)·2n =10+23-2n +11-2-(2n +1)·2n=(1-2n )2n +2, ∴P n =(2n -1)2n -2,∴A n =3+(2n -1)2n -2-(n -1)·(n +3) =(2n -1)·2n -n 2-2n +4.20.【解】 (1)由题意得b =1,a 2+b 2=2c 2, 又a 2=b 2+c 2,解得a 2=3,c 2=2, 所以椭圆的标准方程为x 23+y 2=1. 离心率e =23=63. (2)①证明:设直线PQ 的方程为x =my +n ,设P (x 1,y 1),Q (x 2,y 2),联立 ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x =my +n ,x 2+3y 2=3,得(3+m 2)y 2+2mny +n 2-3=0,Δ=(2mn )2-4(3+m 2)×(n 2-3)=12(m 2-n 2+3)>0,(*)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧y 1+y 2=-2mn 3+m2,y 1y 2=n 2-33+m2,由于k BP ·k BQ =y 1-1x 1·y 2-1x 2=e 2=23,所以3(y 1-1)(y 2-1)=2x 1x 2=2(my 1+n )(my 2+n ), 所以(2m 2-3)y 1y 2+(2mn +3)(y 1+y 2)+2n 2-3=0, 所以(2m 2-3)n 2-33+m 2+(2mn +3)-2mn3+m2+2n 2-3=0, 整理得n 2-2mn -3m 2=0, 所以(n -3m )(n +m )=0, 所以n =-m 或n =3m ,所以直线PQ 的方程为x =my -m =m (y -1)(舍)或x =my +3m =m (y +3), 所以直线PQ 过定点M (0,-3).②由题意知∠PBQ ≠90°,若∠BPM =90°或∠BQM =90°, 则P 或Q 在以BM 为直径的圆T 上,即在圆x 2+(y +1)2=4上,联立⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x 2+(y +1)2=4,x 2+3y 2=3,解得y =0或1(舍),即P 或Q 只可以是椭圆的左、右顶点,故k PQ =±3. 21.【解】 (1)当a =2时,f (x )=2x -2x , 所以f ′(x )=2x ln 2-2,所以f ′(2)=4ln 2-2, 又f (2)=0,所以所求切线方程为y =(4ln 2-2)(x -2).(2)当x ≤0时,f (x )≥0恒成立; 当x >0时,若0<a <1,则x >1时, f (x )<1-2<0,与题意冲突,故a >1. 由f (x )≥0知a x ≥2x ,所以x ln a ≥ln 2x , 所以ln a ≥ln 2xx . 令g (x )=ln 2xx ,则g ′(x )=12x ×2×x -ln 2x x 2=1-ln 2xx 2,令g ′(x )=0,则x =e2,且0<x <e 2时,g ′(x )>0,x >e2时,g ′(x )<0, 则g (x )max =g ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫e 2=ln e e 2=2e ,所以ln a ≥2e ,a ≥e 2e ,即a 的取值范围为⎣⎢⎡⎭⎪⎫e 2e ,+∞.(3)f ′(x )=a x ln a -2,①当0<a <1时,a x >0,ln a <0,则f ′(x )<0, 所以f (x )在R 上为减函数,f (x )无微小值.②当a >1时,设方程f ′(x )=0的根为t ,得a t =2ln a , 即t =log a 2ln a =ln 2ln aln a ,所以f (x )在(-∞,t )上为减函数,在(t ,-∞)上为增函数, 所以f (x )的微小值为f (t )=a t -2t =2ln a -2ln 2ln aln a ,即g (a )=2ln a -2ln 2ln a ln a ,又a >1,所以2ln a >0.设h (x )=x -x ln x ,x >0,则h ′(x )=1-ln x -x ·1x =-ln x , 令h ′(x )=0,得x =1,所以h (x )在(0,1)上为增函数,在(1,+∞)上为减函数, 所以h (x )的最大值为h (1)=1, 即g (a )的最大值为1,此时a =e 2.。

学年高考物理二轮复习专项限时训练题(含答案)

学年高考物理二轮复习专项限时训练题(含答案)

学年高考物理二轮复习专项限时训练题(含答案)2021年高考第二轮物理温习曾经末尾,下面是查字典物理网高考频道整理的高考物理二轮温习专项限时训练题,希望对大家有协助。

1.电压表满偏时经过该表的电流是半偏时经过该表电流的两倍.某同窗应用这一理想测量电压表的内阻(半偏法),实验室提供的器材如下:待测电压表V (量程3 V,内阻约为3 000 ),电阻箱R0(最大阻值为99 999.9 ),滑动变阻器R1(最大阻值100 ,额外电流2 A),电源E(电动势6 V,内阻不计),开关2个,导线假定干.(1)虚线框内为该同窗设计的测量电压表内阻的电路图的一局部,将电路图补充完整.(2)依据设计的电路,写出实验步骤:________________________________.(3)将这种方法测出的电压表内阻记为RV,与电压表内阻的真实值RV相比,RV________RV(填、=或),主要理由是________________________________.解析:(1)由半偏法原理知电压表应串联在电路中,又因电压表量程小于电源电动势,且电压表内阻比滑动变阻器最大阻值大得多,故滑动变阻器应采用分压接法.答案:(1)实验电路图如以下图所示(2)移动滑动变阻器的滑片,以保证通电后电压表所在支路分压最小;闭合开关S1、S2,调理R1,使电压表的指针满偏;坚持滑动变阻器滑片的位置不变,断开S2,调理电阻箱R0使电压表的指针半偏;读取电阻箱所示的电阻值,此即为测得的电压表内阻(3) 断开S2,调理电阻箱使电压表成半偏形状,电压表所在支路总电阻增大,分得的电压也增大;此时R0两端的电压大于电压表的半偏电压,故RRV(其他合理说法也可)2.在测定金属的电阻率的实验中,测量金属丝的长度和直径时,刻度尺和螺旋测微器的示数区分如图甲、乙所示,那么金属丝长度的测量值为l=________ cm,金属丝直径的测量值为d=________ mm.甲乙解析:由于刻度尺的最小分度为1 mm,读数应估读到0.1 mm. 答案:36.52(36.50~36.54均可) 0.797(0.796~0.799均可)3.为了测定电流表A1的内阻,某同窗采用如图甲所示的实验电路.其中:A1是待测电流表,量程为30 mA,内阻约为100 A2是规范电流表,量程是20 mA;R1是电阻箱,阻值范围是0~999.9 R2是滑动变阻器;R3是维护电阻;E是电池组,电动势为6 V,内阻不计;S1是单刀单掷开关,S2是单刀双掷开关.(1)实验中滑动变阻器采用了________接法(填分压或限流).依据电路的实物图,在虚线框中画出实验电路图.(2)请将该同窗的操作补充完整:衔接好电路,将滑动变阻器R2的滑片移到最________(填左端或右端将开关S2扳到接点a处,接通开关S1;调理滑动变阻器R2,使电流表A2的示数是15 mA.乙将开关S2扳到接点b处,____________________,使电流表A2的示数仍是15 mA.假定此时电阻箱各旋钮的位置如图乙所示,那么待测电流表A1的电阻Rg=________ .(3)上述实验中,无论怎样调理滑动变阻器R2的滑片位置,都要保证两只电流表的平安.在下面提供的四个电阻中,维护电阻R3的阻值应选用________.A.30B.300C.3 kD.30 k解析:(2)闭合开关之前,应使滑动变阻器连入电路的阻值最大,滑片移到最左端.本实验运用替代法测量电流表的内阻,因此开关S2接a和接b时电流表A2的读数应该相反,开关S2接b时,需坚持滑动变阻器R2的滑片不动,调理电阻箱R1.电阻箱表示的阻值大小等于被测电流表的内阻,读数为86.3 .(3)当滑动变阻器R2的阻值为零时,电路中的电流不能超越两个电流表的量程,由于=300 ,且电流表A1有内阻,R3的阻值可选B.答案:(1)限流如下图(2)①左端坚持滑动变阻器R2的滑片不动,调理电阻箱R1 86.3 (3)B4.在测量一节干电池的电动势和内阻实验中,小明设计了如图甲所示的实验电路.(1)依据图甲实验电路,请在图乙中用笔画线替代导线,完成实物电路的连线.(2)实验末尾前,应先将滑动变阻器的滑片P调到________(填a或b)端.甲乙丙(3)合上开关S1,S2接图甲中的1位置,滑动滑片P,记载下几组电压表和电流表的示数;重置滑动变阻器,S2改接图甲中的2位置,滑动滑片P,再记载几组电压表和电流表的示数.在同一坐标系内区分描点作出S2接1、2位置时,电压表示数U和电流表示数I的图象,如图丙所示.两图线均为直线,与纵轴的截距区分为UA、UB,与横轴的截距区分为IA、IB.S2接1位置时,作出的U-I图线是图丙中的________(填A 或BS2接2位置时,干电池电动势的测量值________真实值,内阻的测量值________真实值.(填大于小于或等于)解析:(2)为维护电表,闭合开关前滑动变阻器连入电路的阻值应最大,即滑片P调到a端.(3)S2接1位置时,由于电压表的分流,使得电流的测量值偏小,而短路电流(U=0时的电流,即图线与横轴的截距)不变,故电动势和内阻的测量值都偏小;S2接2位置时,可将电流表内阻等效到电源内阻中,即外电压和干路电流的测量值是准确的,电源电动势的测量值等于电动势的真实值,但电源内阻的测量值等于电源内阻的真实值与电流表内阻的和.答案:(1)如下图 (2)a (3)B 等于大于5.用实验测一电池的内阻r和一待测电阻的阻值Rx.电池的电动势约6 V,电池内阻和待测电阻阻值都为数十欧.可选用的实验器材有:电流表A1(量程0~30 mA);电流表A2(量程0~100 mA);电压表V(量程0~6 V);滑动变阻器R1(阻值0~5滑动变阻器R2(阻值0~300开关S一个,导线假定干条.某同窗的实验进程如下:.设计如图甲所示的电路图,正确衔接电路.甲.将R的阻值调到最大,闭合开关,逐次调小R的阻值,测出多组U和I的值,并记载.以U为纵轴,I为横轴,失掉如图乙所示的图线.乙.断开开关,将Rx改接在B、C之间,A与B直接相连,其他局部坚持不变.重复的步骤,失掉另一条U-I图线,图线与横轴I的交点坐标为(I0,0),与纵轴U的交点坐标为(0,U0). 回答以下效果:(1)电流表应选用________,滑动变阻器应选用________;(2)由图乙的图线,得电源内阻r=________(3)用I0、U0和r表示待测电阻的关系式Rx=________,代入数值可得Rx;(4)假定电表为理想电表,Rx接在B、C之间与接在A、B之间,滑动变阻器滑片都从最大阻值位置调到某同一位置,两种状况相比,电流表示数变化范围________,电压表示数变化范围________.(选填相反或不同)解析:(1)电路总电阻能够的最小值约为20 ,那么回路中能够的最大电流Im= A=300 mA,可见,电流表应选用A2.假定选用滑动变阻器R1,电路中电流变化范围太窄,并且当R1连入电路阻值最大时,电路中电流仍能够会超越电流表A2的量程,故应选用R2.(2)图乙中,U-I图线的斜率的相对值等于电源内阻,由图象可知:r=25 .(3)由题意可知,Rx+r=,那么Rx=-r0.(4)假定电表为理想电表,Rx接在B、C或A、B之间,对干路中电流无影响,故电流表示数变化范围相反,很显然,电压表示数变化范围不相反.答案:(1)A2 R2 (2)25 (3)-r (4)相反不同6.如图甲所示的黑箱中有三只完全相反的电学元件,小明运用多用电表对其停止探测.甲乙(1)在运用多用电表前,发现指针不在左边0刻度线处,应先调整图乙中多用电表的部件________(选填AB或C). (2)在用多用电表的直流电压挡探测黑箱a、b接点间能否存在电源时,一表笔接a,另一表笔应________(选填持久或继续)接b,同时观察指针偏转状况.(3)在判定黑箱中无电源后,将选择开关旋至1挡,调理好多用电表,测量各接点间的阻值.测量中发现,每对接点间正、反向阻值均相等,测量记载如下表.两表笔区分接a、b时,多用电表的示数如图乙所示.请将记载表补充完整,在图甲的黑箱中画出一种能够的电路.两表笔接的接点多用电表的示数 a、b ________ a、c 10.0 b、c 15.0 解析:(1)多用电表运用前应停止机械调零,机械调零装置为部件A.(2)运用多用电表停止测量时,为保证电表不被损坏往往要停止试触,即让两表笔与接点持久接触,观察指针偏转状况,假定继续接触那么有能够损坏电表.(3)黑箱中无电源且每对接点间正、反向阻值相等,多用电表读数为5 ,由表格数据可知,b、c间电路为a、b间5 的电阻与a、c间10 的电阻串联而成.答案:(1)A (2)持久 (3)515-16学年高考物理二轮温习专项限时训练题〔含答案〕分享到这里,更多内容请关注高考物理温习指点栏目。

考前三个月2022高考历史(江苏专版)二轮复习小题对点练2 Word版含答案

考前三个月2022高考历史(江苏专版)二轮复习小题对点练2 Word版含答案

题组1古代中国精耕细作的农业1.(2021·湖南五市十校联考)“就如中国的农夫,欧洲使用木制农具时,他们已经用铁犁耕田。

而当欧洲也使用铁制农具时,他们仍在使用铁制农具。

中国人把一种经济体制和社会结构运用到很高的水平,却没想到要改善和替代它。

”这一现象反映的实质性问题是()A.自然经济的脆弱性B.欧洲经济后来居上C.铁犁技术更新缓慢D.小农经济的停滞性2.(2021·洛阳六县统考)《古代人与夏天的斗争》:“自公元前1766年至公元2021年的3 781年间,中原地区每3年5个月就有一次较大水灾,每3年4个月就有一次严峻旱灾。

”这些自然气候现象对中国古代农业进展的影响不包括()A.重视水利工程的修建B.浇灌工具创新不断C.水排成为汉代抗旱利器D.重视农耕阅历、技术的总结3.(2021·苏州联考)元朝人曾作《木棉歌》:“秋阳收尽枝头露,烘绽青囊翻白絮,田妇携筐采得归,浑家指作机中布。

大儿来觅襦,小儿来觅裤。

”材料最能表明元朝()A.棉花开头在中国种植B.资本主义萌芽已经产生C.农夫过着自给自足的生活D.家庭手工业占据主导地位4.(2021·潍坊第一次联考)“老农家贫在山住,耕种山田三四亩。

苗疏税多不得食,输入官仓化为土。

岁暮锄犁傍空室,呼儿登山收橡实。

西江贾客珠百斛,船中养犬长食肉。

”关于这首诗,下列表达最精确的是() A.说明当时贫富悬殊、土地兼并严峻B.揭示当时赋税徭役沉重的历史事实C.全面反映了当时的农业和商业状况D.可以以诗证史,了解当时社会状况题组2由家庭手工业到明清手工工场5.(2021·乌鲁木齐检测)历史学家王家范说:中国古代手工业的三种基本形态的分布态势,极像哑铃,两头粗大,中间瘦长。

“瘦长”者在这种“分布态势”中应为()A.官营手工业B.家庭手工业C.民营手工业D.工场手工业6.(2021·徐州调研)春秋战国时期,我国的木工技术得到快速进展,锯子、刨子、钻子等木工器械都是这一时期创造的。

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限时综合小练2语言基础知识+名句名篇默写+语言文字运用(用时:45分钟)一、语言基础知识1.下列词语中,没有错别字的一组是() A.风采/喝彩宣泄/攻坚战坐镇/出奇不意B.抱负/糟蹋极至/水龙头剧增/旁征博引C.元凶/原委发轫/大姆指栽赃/攻城略地D.倾泻/思辨戛然/夫妻俩通牒/仗义执言答案 D解析A项奇—其。

B项至—致。

C项姆—拇。

2.下列各句中,加点的词语使用正确的一项是() A.“正能量”本是一个网络词语,现在被越来越多地运用到了现实生活中,成为一个社会热词,致于..“正能量”应该如何理解,则知之者甚少了。

B.朝鲜半岛事端多发,其矛盾根源不仅仅源自于..上世纪的那场战争,更多的是从两种意识形态中,一些人想将自己的意识形态强加在别人身上。

C.禽流感患者突然出现,安徽省亳州市的卫生部门危言危行....,小心谨慎,在省卫生厅专家的指导下,26岁的患者在第一时间里住进了专门医院。

D.日本国内的右翼分子错误地认为中国还会像清朝政府那样犯而不校....,他们在钓鱼岛问题上制造“闹剧”的言行,已引起了中国人民的强烈愤慨。

答案 D解析A项致于:引起,使达到。

应该用“至于”。

B项“根源”与“源自于”重复,“源自于”的“于”也是多余的。

C项危言危行:说正直的话,做正直的事。

D项犯而不较:受到别人的触犯或侮辱也不计较。

3.下列各句中,没有语病的一句是() A.我省规定,有关部门在实施城市危旧房改造、市政基础设施建设中,要将徽派古建筑保护纳入改造建设规划,切实避免损毁现象的发生。

B.卫生防疫部门在防治H7N9流感的过程中,一旦发现与之有接触的禽类市场、养殖场、流通地,就立即采取关闭、捕杀等手段予以截杀。

C.以现代信息技术构建开放式远程教育网络,使受教育者的学习不受时间、空间的限制,推进了信息化进程,保障了教育资源分配的公平性。

D.由于悠久的历史和特殊的赛期,2013年举办的第117届波斯顿马拉松赛逐渐成为全球最具影响的赛事,吸引了上千家媒体前来报道。

答案 A解析B项“之”指代不明。

C项主语残缺,应该为“以现代信息技术构建的开放式远程教育网络的实现”。

D项不符合逻辑,“2013年举办的第117届波斯顿马拉松赛逐渐成为全球最具影响的赛事”,具体的时间举办的赛事如何“逐渐”?二、名句名篇默写4.补写出下列名篇名句中的空缺部分。

(甲、乙两题任选一题作答)甲:莫听穿林打叶声,①________________。

②________________,谁怕?③__________________。

④__________________,微冷,山头斜照却相迎。

⑤________________,归去,⑥__________________。

(苏轼《定风波》)乙:①子曰:“学而不思则罔,____________________。

”(《论语》)②____________________,固前圣之所厚。

(屈原《离骚》)③____________________,齐彭殇为妄作。

(王羲之《兰亭集序》)④后人哀之而不鉴之,____________________。

(杜牧《阿房宫赋》)⑤大漠孤烟直,________________。

(王维《使至塞上》)⑥____________________,可以无悔矣,其孰能讥之乎?(王安石《游褒禅山记》)答案甲:①何妨吟啸且徐行②竹杖芒鞋轻胜马③一蓑烟雨任平生④料峭春风吹酒醒⑤回首向来萧瑟处⑥也无风雨也无晴乙:①思而不学则殆②伏清白以死直兮③固知一死生为虚诞④亦使后人而复哀后人也⑤长河落日圆⑥尽吾志也而不能至者三、语言文字运用5.根据下面一段文字,用五句话分别概括研究皖江文化的五个角度。

要求:语意连贯、表达准确,每处不超过12个字。

研究皖江文化,角度很多。

皖江文化应覆盖整个皖江地区的历史文化,它范围广泛、内容丰富、底蕴深厚,涉及政治、经济、文化等众多领域。

皖江文化有很多特点,如:源远流长、文化世家多、开放程度高、创新意识强、辐射面广。

皖江文化经历了漫长的发展历程,它是在逐步吸收其他地区文化因素的基础上发展而成的。

皖江文化、徽文化、淮河文化是安徽省最重要的三个地区文化,比较这三种文化的异同之处,要有宏观、整体、全面的思考。

皖江地区受吴越文化、楚文化的影响较大,要比较皖江文化中哪些受到吴越文化的影响,哪些受到楚文化的影响。

答:________________________________________________________________________ 答案①皖江文化的范畴,②皖江文化的特点,③皖江文化的成因(“皖江文化的发展历程”亦可),④与徽文化、淮河文化比较,⑤与吴越文化、楚文化比较。

6.根据所给材料的内容,在下面横线处补写恰当的句子。

要求内容贴切,语气连贯,逻辑严密,语句通顺。

不得照抄材料。

“五一”临近,景区门票再次成为关注话题。

湖北318家景点门票降价,云南全省景点门票打八折,山东曲阜推出“背《论语》免费游三孔”活动……与以往不同,①________。

湖南张家界的一张门票价格,相当于法国卢浮宫门票的3倍;一张四川九寨沟的门票费用,如果用来参观美国黄石公园、印度泰姬陵、日本富士山,“都玩一遍还剩100多元”。

这些年来,门票价格之所以牵动国人神经,②____________________。

其实,双赢的选择并非没有。

杭州西湖自2003年实行免费以来,当地旅游总收入增长4倍,实现了各方受益、各方满意。

值得深思的是,这一成功模式并未被普遍效仿。

究其原因,并不是一些地方不会算账,③____________________。

答案(示例)①今年假期,各地景区门票不再是“涨”声一片②直接原因是一个“贵”字③而在于大账本里有小算盘,掌柜与伙计利益不一致,长期与短期收益不一致,芝麻与西瓜的权属不一致7.五四青年节期间,鸠兹中学邀请校友李明同学回母校演讲。

根据以下材料,请你以学生主持人的身份把他介绍给同学们。

(不超过80字)材料李明,男,1994年3月18日出生于芜湖。

父亲,48岁,中共党员,大学毕业,区政府机关工作人员。

母亲,45岁,大专毕业,幼儿园教师。

李明2012年毕业于鸠兹中学,现为安徽大学新闻学院二年级学生。

身高180厘米,国字脸,浓眉大眼。

从小喜欢文学,爱好书法、体育等。

小学时获得校“故事大王”比赛一等奖,初中时获得市级硬笔书法比赛二等奖,高中时获得市演讲比赛一等奖,大一时获得安徽省大学生演讲比赛特等奖。

这次回校演讲,他精心准备了演讲稿《青春之歌》。

答:________________________________________________________________________ 答案示例:李明同学是我校2012届校友,现在是安徽大学的学生。

他爱好非常广泛,曾荣获安徽省大学生演讲比赛特等奖。

下面让我们用热烈的掌声欢迎他作题为“青春之歌”的演讲。

8.随着新课改的不断深入,如何提高作文教学的有效性成了师生讨论的话题。

某班级为此举行了一场“中学生还有没有必要写周记”的辩论赛。

正方有以下看法:(1)顾名思义,周记就是每周一记。

坚持写周记,就意味着每周要至少写一篇东西。

众所周知,提高写作水平,首先就是要培养笔头勤快的良好写作习惯。

(2)周记,就是一周里你的所见、所闻、所做事情的记录,有时兼有对这些事情的所感、所思。

坚持写周记,有助于中学生写作能够真正写出真情实感。

(3)周记写起来自由灵活,有话则长,无话则短;无论记叙、说明,还是议论、抒情,随你任意表达。

写周记是中学生写作打基础的重要途径。

请站在反方立场上,针对上述看法,任选两点反驳。

要求:先填序号,再作反驳;语言表达简明、准确、得体。

()____________________________________________________________________()____________________________________________________________________答案(1)没错,写周记能练笔头。

但写作是不是写得越多就一定越好,或者是否每周写一篇刚好?其实不一定。

写作训练应该根据学生的实际情况制定切实可行的计划。

(2)周记以纪实为主,虽然都是真情实感,可以作为自己的备忘录,也可以供班主任老师了解情况,但写作训练仅有纪实是不够的,有时还要虚实结合、虚实相生等,作文才更有灵气。

(3)写作打基础是一项“系统工程”,需要分项训练,渐进提高,周记写起来太自由随意,对写作基本功缺乏较为明确严格的要求,因此,不能用写周记替代有规律的写作训练。

(任选其二)9.阅读下面的文字,用一句话概括作者的观点,不超过30字。

费罗姆认为,爱固然是一种主动的能力,是一种把自己和他人联合起来的力量,但爱承认人自身的价值,保持人自己的尊严和个性。

一个人若想使爱久恒,就必须充分展示自己的个性,同时不断提高自己的文明修养,不断更新自我。

那些以丧失自己的个性和尊严为代价来换取爱的人,最终必然失去爱。

爱的行为只能在自己的感情交流中实现,决不能作为依附的结果。

答:________________________________________________________________________ 答案爱是在保持自己尊严和个性的前提条件下的感情交流行为。

10.下面是某同学参加高校自主招生面试时的自我陈述,其中有5处表述不妥,请写出句子序号并修改。

尊敬的某大学自主招生领导:您好!①我叫张晓涵,今年18岁;现就读于××中学的毕业生。

②很感谢您能给我这个机会,聆听我的陈述。

③选择贵校是因为贵校有着深厚的文化底蕴和学术氛围,并且社团活动很有特色。

④我活泼开朗,阳光率直,喜欢在严酷的各种各样的挑战中不断超越自己。

⑤比如,在校期间,我先后创办了“戏剧社”和“志愿者社”,并参与策划了“模拟联合国”等大型活动。

⑥因此,希望贵校能慧眼识珠,我定将倍加珍惜,谢谢!答案11.因此对他有意见。

假如你是本班班长,该怎样向这位老师反映同学们的意见?该怎样做好同学们的工作?要求:符合情境,语言得体,富有说服力。

(1)你对该老师说:______________________________________________________(2)你对同学们说:______________________________________________________答案示例:(1)老师,您的认真负责让我们敬佩,您的教学水平让我们折服,如果您的作业再少点,同学们会有更多的时间来消化吸收您所讲的内容,相信学习效果会更好的。

(2)同学们,高三了,老师布置这么多的作业也是想让我们在高考前多练练,这么负责的老师,还请大家多多理解和包容,正所谓“熟能生巧”,相信大家会在反复的练习中取得进步的。

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