英语主谓一致讲解
主谓一致英语语法详细讲解
主谓一致英语中,主语的单复数形式决定谓语动词的单复数形式。
主谓一致必须遵循以下三条原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
根据这三条原则,现从以下几个方面进行总结:一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致1. 由and/both...and...连接的两个单数名词作主语时(两个冠词),谓语动词一般根据语法一致的原则用复数。
例如:A young man and a girl want to go there. 一个青年男子和一个姑娘想去那里。
【注意】如果在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念时(一个冠词),谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:①A needle and thread was found on the floor. 在地板上找到了针线(穿了线的针)。
②The teacher and writer is her friend.这个既是是教师又是作家的人是她的朋友。
2. 一个单数名词同时被and连接的两个不同的形容词修饰,表示两个不同的概念时,谓语动词用复数。
例如:Ancient and modern history are the subjects we are studying.古代史和现代史是我们目前学习的课程。
【注意】如果在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数。
例如:The last and most difficult lesson is lesson14. 14课是最后一课也是最难的一课。
3. 当each...and each...,every...and every...,no...and no...,many a...and many a...结构作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:①No man and no animal is to be found on the moon. 在月球上没发现人和动物。
②Many a doctor and many a nurse is busy with their work.许多医生和护士都忙于他们的工作。
(完整版)英语语法主谓一致
1.主谓一致是指英语中谓语在人称、数及意义方面要与作主语的名词或代词一致。
2.主谓一致分为语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。
(1)语法一致原则:主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。
主语为单数,谓语用单数;主语为复数,谓语用复数。
I often help him and he often helps me.(2)意义一致原则:主语和谓语在意义上单复数一致。
主语为单数,谓语用单数;主语为复数,谓语用复数。
The police are searching the woods for the murderer.(3)就近一直原则:当主语有两个或两个以上时,谓语动词由靠近它的主语确定。
并列主语的谓语一致1.And(1)两个单数名词用and连接,表示不同概念时,谓语用发复数。
Tom and Jack are close friends.(2)两个单数名词用and连接,表示同一歌人、同一个物,同一个概念,或表示不可分割的整体时,谓语用单数。
The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.(3)被every,each,many a,no等限定的单数名词由and连接时,谓语仍用单数,其中,后一个限定词可以省略。
every ……and ……every,each……and……each,no……and……no, many a……and……many a。
Each boy and (each) girl has an apple.(4)一个单数名词被几个用and连接的并列形容词修饰时,可以指一件事或几件事,这种名词作主语,要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数。
Simple and plain living is a fine quality.生活简朴一种优良品质。
Ancient and modern history are the subjects we are studying.(5)由and连接的两个what的从句作主语时,要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数What he says and does do not agree.(言行不一致)What he says and does does not concern me.2.由either or, neither nor, not but, not only but also,or, nor连接的并列主语,谓语动词常和邻近的主语一致。
高中英语:主谓一致
一、就近一致原则 1.由 or,not only...but also...,neither...nor...,either...or..., whether...or...,not...but...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时, 通常根据就近一致原则,谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保 持一致。
importance to college students. 3. A number of students are (be) playing on the ground but I
don’t know what the exact number is (be). 4. We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife that is (be) to blame
领悟语法
一.用所给词的适当形式填空 1.—Several department stores,including the one we usually go
to, are having (have) sidewalk sales this week. —Let’s go and have a look. 2.What the science teacher does and says is (be) of great
2.“单数名词+with,together with,as well as, along with,but,except...+名词”作主语时,谓语 动词用单数形式。
Nobody but his parents knows the secret. 除了他的父母,没有人知道这个秘密。 3.不定代词 each,either 或由它们修饰的名词 作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
专升本英语语法---主谓一致
主谓一致一、概念:主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须和主语的人称和数保持一致。
这是英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则。
二、主谓一致主要有以下几种情况:语法一致,就近一致和意义一致。
(一)、语法一致:主语为单数形式, 谓语动词也用单数形式; 主语为复数形式, 谓语动词也用复数形式。
e.g. I often help him and he often helps me. We often help each other.不可数名词作主语, 谓语动词用单数;可数名词的复数形式作主语, 谓语动词用复数。
1. 由and连接的两个名词或代词做主语:①The worker and writer ______(be) from Wuhan.那个工人兼作家②The worker and the writer ______ (be) from Beijing. 那位工人和那位作家③The secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B.was C. are D. were(1)这部分主语表示的是两个人或两件不同的事物,谓语动词用复数形式。
例如:① My brother and I have both seen that film.② Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.③ The poet and the novelist were both present at the meeting.(2)这部分主语表示具有两个身份或性质的同一个人或一个完整的事物,谓语动词用单数形式,这时 and 后面的名词前没有冠词。
例:① The st atesman and poet was engaged in warfare all his life.② War and peace is a constant theme in history.③ One more knife and fork is needed.④Bread and butter is our daily food.⑤ Law and order has been established.(3)这部分主语前面有each, every, many a, no 等修饰时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
高中英语主谓一致讲解(整理版)
高中英语主谓一致讲解(整理版)
一、主谓一致的基本概念
●定义:主谓一致是指句子中的主语和谓语动词在数、时态和形式上保持一致。
●功能:确保句子语法正确,意义清晰。
●主谓关系:主语与谓语之间存在逻辑关系,这种关系决定了谓语的形式。
二、主谓一致的主要规则
1.单数主语与谓语的一致
⏹第三人称单数主语使用单数形式的谓语动词。
⏹不可数名词作为主语时,谓语动词使用单数形式。
⏹特殊情况的处理:如“either...or...”结构中,根据就近原则确定谓语的形式。
1.复数主语与谓语的一致
⏹复数主语使用复数形式的谓语动词。
⏹集合名词作为主语时,需要根据具体情况确定谓语的形式。
⏹特殊情况的处理:如“there be”结构中的主谓一致。
1.并列结构中的主谓一致
⏹并列结构中的主语和谓语动词需要保持形式上的平行。
⏹当并列结构中包含不同性质的成分时,需要根据语境和逻辑关系选择适当的谓语形式。
1.从句、不定式、动名词等作为主语时的主谓一致
⏹从句作为主语时,需要根据从句中的谓语动词选择适当的主语形式。
⏹不定式、动名词等非限定性结构作为主语时,谓语动词的形式选择需考虑语境和逻辑关系。
三、实践与练习
●练习题:提供一些练习题,帮助学生更好地理解和掌握主谓一致的规则。
●答案解析:对练习题进行详细的答案解析,帮助学生理解自己的错误,并给出正确的用法建议。
四、总结
对本次讲解的内容进行总结,强调主谓一致在英语语法中的重要性,并提醒学生注意常见的主谓一致错误。
英语主谓一致讲解
20. The public ______ generous in their contributions to the earthquake victims.
a. is b. was c. are d. has been
有些名词以s结尾,看似名词复 数, 实际上是一个单数名词:
News; works 某些疾病:diabetes; mumps; rickets; measles;
a. are b. were c. is d. was
定语从句中的主谓一致问题
one of + 复数名词+ 定语从句: 1. 定语从句的先行词通常是这个“复数名词”,
因此从句的谓语用复数形式。 This is one of the best novels that have
appeared this year . 这是今年出版的最佳小说 之一。(关系词“that”代“novels”) He was one of the boys who were praised . 他是受表扬的男孩之一。
To serve the country is our duty . How and why he left was a sad story .
47. Getting to other planets or to the moon _____ many problems.
a. involve b. involves c. involving d. to involve
a. is b. am c. are d. was
26. Tom is the only one of the stall members who ______ to be promoted.
高中英语主谓一致讲解
主谓一致:一.语法一致原则:指主语和谓语在语法形式上必须一致,也就是谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。
1.不可数名词或者可数名词单数作主语,谓语用单数。
可数名词复数作主语,谓语动词用复数。
2.不定代词someone , anyone , everyone , no one ……等作主语,谓语动词用单数.3.当each , either , neither 作主语,或者主语由each, either , neither , every , 修饰时,谓语动词用单数.4.单个的动词不定式,动词ing 主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数.5.由as well as , along with , with , together with , rather than except , besides , in addition to , like , including ,but ……等连接两部分名词或者代词作主语时,谓语动词与这些词前面的主语保持一致。
For example :The teacher as well as the students likes the painting .Tom , along with his friends , goes skating every Saturday .6.many a / more than one + 可数名词单数作主语时,谓语用单数.more + 复数名词+ than one 作主语时,谓语用复数。
Many a / more than one person is against the proposal .7.One of + 可名复后跟定语从句时,从句中的谓语动词通常用单数, the only one of + 可名复后接定语从句时,从句中的谓语动词用复数.He is one of the students who have been to Shanghai .He is the only one of the students who has been to Shanghai .二.意义一致原则指根据意义来判断主谓一致。
高三英语语法讲解----主谓一致
一、定义:主谓一致即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致,主谓一致包括 语法一致、意义一致和就近一致. (1)语法一致:谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致 (2)意义一致:谓语动词要和主语意义上的单复数保持一致 (3)就近一致:谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致
02 related knowledge
二、意义一致
(4)“many a+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 Many a child was playing there. 很多孩子在那边玩 (5)在定语从句中,关系代词如果在从句中作主语,根据先行词决定 从句谓语动词的单复数;在“one of+复数名词+who/that/which”引导 的从句中,谓语动词用复数;但之前有the(only)等修饰语时,从句中的 谓语动词用单数。 Mary is the only one of the students in our school who has ever been to China.
一、语法一致
(6)what引导的从句作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于作表语的名 词的单复数。 What surprised me most was his attitude towards his study. 最令我惊讶的是他对学习的态度 What her father left her are only some books. 她父亲留给她的只有一些书 (7)such作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式要根据其意义而定。 Such is Stephen Hawking,who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much. 这就是史蒂芬·霍金,他经受了很多痛苦但也取得了许多成就 Such are the results we have got. 这些就是我们所取得的成果
英语主谓一致讲解
2.
1) Every … and (every)…
2) each …and (each)…
3)no …and (no)…, 4) many a …and (many a)…连接两
个单数名词作主语,谓语用单数。
Every desk and every chair is made of wood.
主谓一致
主谓一致考点
定义:“一致”是指句子成分之间或词语之
间在性、数等方面应保持一致。 “主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人
称、性、数上保持一致,即主语是复数,谓语也 用复数形式,如are, were, have等,主语是单数, 谓语要用单数形式,如:is, was, has, works等。
连接的词作
主语,谓语 动词与最邻 近的主语一 致
There be……
1>.__A_r_e__ yo▲u or he to attend tomorrow’s
meeting?
2>.Either you or he __i_s___ mistaken. ▲
3>.Neither Mary nor her parents ____g_o____ ▲ in for rock music.
2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of在句子中加名词作主语的 时候,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持 一致。
Half of the studenthsa_v_e___finished their
composition. 一半的学生已经完i成一半的苹果坏了。
定义:主语是单数,谓语也是单数, 主语是复数谓语也是复数.
高中英语语法梳理-主谓一致
主谓一致一、语法形式上的一致。
主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。
例如:Jane and Mary look healthy and strong.The number of mistakes was surprising.解释:主语是the number,谓语是was对于数字而言,它是单数,所以用了was;反思:the number of通常跟a number of来对比,a number of是大量的的意思;后面通常是可数名词的复数,所以谓语也跟着用复数形式,比如a number of people are rushing to the toilet.二、意义上一致1.主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数。
例如:The crowd were running for their lives.单数形式表示复数意义的词有people,police,cattle,militia等。
2.主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数。
例如:The news was very exciting.形复意单的单词有news,works(工厂)和一些以ics结尾的学科名称,如physics,politics,mathematics等。
三、就近原则即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
如用连词or,either…or,neither...nor,not only…but also等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。
例如:Either your students or Mr.Wang knows this.四、应注意的几个问题。
1.名词作主语1)某些集体名词(如family,team等)作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式;如果就其中一个个成员而言,谓语动词用复数形式。
例如:The whole family are watching TV.His family is going to have a long journey.这类名词有:audience,class,club,committee,company,crew,crowd,enemy,government,group,party,public,team,etc.名词population一词的使用情况跟上述类似。
英语中主谓一致解析
英语中主谓一致解析主谓一致(Subject- Verb Agreement),指”人称”和”数方面的一致关系.如: He is going abroad. They are playing football.可分为:语法一致,内容一致,就近一致.(一)语法一致原则:即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项:1. 单数主语即使后面带有with ,along with,together with,like(象),but (除了),except,besides,as well as,no less than,rather than(而不是),including,in addition to 引导的短语,谓语动词仍用单数.如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质.No one except two servants was late for the dinner.除了两个仆人外,没有一个人迟来用餐。
2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念,谓语动词用单数,否则用复数. 如:The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物)用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体,如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包),knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
3. 不定式(短语),动名词(短语),或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数. 如:Serving the people is my great happiness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福.When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。
英语语法---主谓一致
第一讲主谓一致“一致”(Concord 或Agreement)是指句子成分之间词语之间在语法形式上的协调关系。
主要有主语与动词的一致,主语与补语的一致,限定词与名词中心词的一致,人称代词与并列和非并列先行词的一致,名词与名词或代词的一致。
“主谓一致”是指主语和谓语动词之间在人称和数的方面的一致关系,这又叫做“主——动一致”(Subject ——verb Concord)。
1. 主谓一致三原则主语和随后的动词(词组),即谓语动词之间的一致关系常为三种不同的原则所支配,即语法一致原则(Grammar Concord),意义一致原则(Notional Concord)和就近原则(Principle of Proximity)。
1.1 语法一致指作主语的名词中心词是复数,动词就用复数形式;如果名词中心词是单数名词或不可数名词,动词就用单数形式。
例如:Both boys have their own merits.In my heart are peace and goodwill.The elevator works very well.Much effort is wasted.1.2 意义∕概念一直指主语和动词的一致关系并非取决于语法上的单、复数形式,而是取决于主语的单、复数意义。
有时主语在语法形式上并非复数,但有复数意义,随后的动词就用复数;主语在语法形式上是复数,而在意义上可视为单数,随后的动词用单数。
例如:The jury has asked more time.The jury are unable to agree.Fifty minutes isn’t enough time to finish this test.“ Senior citizens” means people over sixty.1.3 就近原则指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语的单、复数形式,而不是与充当主语的名词短语中心词相一致。
高中英语语法主谓一致详细讲解
高中英语语法主谓一致详细讲解一、谓语动词与主语保持一致的原则(一)语法形式上的一致主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式,二者在语法形式上要一致。
例如:1.My brother is a college student. 我的弟弟是大学生。
2.My brothers are government officials. 我的弟弟们是政府官员。
(二)意义上的一致3.主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词要用复数。
例如:The paper is made from the wood. 纸张是木材制成的。
(这里的paper 指的不是一张纸,而是纸张的总称)4.主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词要用单数。
例如:The news in the newspaper was true. 报纸上的消息是真的。
(这里的news 意为“消息”,而不是“消息”的复数)二、就近原则也即谓语动词的人称和数与最靠近它的主语保持一致。
例如:1.Here comes the bus! 公共汽车来了!(= The bus is coming!)2.either you or she is to go. 不是你就是她走。
(注意she前面的逗号)三、惯用法上的主谓一致1.在there be句型中,动词be的形式与其后的名词保持一致。
例如:There is a book on the desk. 书桌上有一本书。
2. 有些词如“half of”,“most of ”,“none of ”,“the rest of ”,“a lot of ”,“plenty of ”等后接名词时,谓语动词的形式依这些词所表示的数的概念而定。
例如:Half of the students are from the south. 学生们中有一半是南方人。
(若接复数概念,则用复数形式)。
高考英语语法主谓一致讲义
主谓一致主谓一致:指句子的谓语受主语支配,随着主语单复数形式的变化而变化。
一、三个原则1. 意义一致:根据句子主语的含义(单复数意义)来确定谓语动词的变化。
The professor and writer is is invited to many universities to give lectures.The police are trying to search for the thief on the hill.2. 语法一致:语法形式上保持一致,即单数主语要用单数谓语动词,复数主语要用复数谓语动词,不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式。
My bike is under the tree. These books are old.3.就近原则:主语由两个或两个以上的名词或代词构成,谓语动词的单复数形式应与紧邻的名词或代词保持一致Either my father or brother is coming. Not only you but also they are good students.二、并列结构作主语1、由and或both... and连接两个名词、代词作主语,表示不同的人或事物时,句子的谓语用复数。
在意义上指同一人、同一物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数。
John and Mike are good friends.The famous singer and dancer is coming to Chongqing.2、every....and every , each...and each..., no....and no.... 做主语时谓语用单数。
Each boy and each girl has been invited to the party.3、not....but, not only...but also..., or, either....or, neither...nor, there be、Here be 句型谓语就近原则Neither you nor I am fit for the work.There is a pen,a pencil,a knife and three books on the desk.Here are some flowers and a card.三、单一主语:由一个中心词或短语充当的主语不定代词作主语:1.当作主语的名词前有each,neither,either,every修饰或each,neither,either作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
什么是英语中的主谓一致
什么是英语中的主谓一致英语中的主谓一致指的是句子中的主语与谓语在人称和数上保持一致。
在英语语法中,主语的人称和数应与谓语的人称和数相匹配,以确保句子的结构正确和语义清晰。
主谓一致是英语语法中的基本规则之一,它对于正确表达意思和避免语法错误非常重要。
在英语句子中,主谓一致的主要规则如下:1. 一般情况下,在单数形式的主语前使用单数形式的谓语动词,而在复数形式的主语前使用复数形式的谓语动词。
例如:- He walks to school every day.(他每天步行上学。
)- They walk to school every day.(他们每天步行上学。
)2. 当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要加上“-s”或“-es”。
例如:- She reads a book.(她在读一本书。
)- The cat sits on the mat.(猫坐在地毯上。
)3. 当主语是以“-s”、“-x”、“-z”、“-o”结尾的名词时,谓语动词不需要添加“-s”。
例如:- The bus stops here.(公共汽车在这里停车。
)- The box contains books.(盒子里装着书。
)4. 当主语是不可数名词时,谓语动词使用单数形式。
例如:- Water is essential for life.(水对于生命是必不可少的。
)- Music brings joy to people.(音乐给人们带来快乐。
)5. 当主语是复合主语,且由and连接时,谓语动词使用复数形式。
例如:- Tom and Jerry are good friends.(汤姆和杰瑞是好朋友。
)6. 当主语是复合主语,且由or、nor连接时,谓语动词与最接近的主语保持一致。
例如:- Either John or his brothers are responsible for the mess.(要么是约翰,要么是他的兄弟们对这个乱糟糟的地方负责。
主谓一致高中英语语法与短语
主谓一致高中英语语法与短语主谓一致高中英语语法一主谓一致概念一、主谓一致概念:主谓一致,即谓语动词的单复数要和主语保持一致。
一般来说,如果主语是单数形式,那么谓语动词要用单数;如果主语是复数形式,那么谓语动词要用复数。
但是,也会出现一些特殊情况,这就是我们要总结的。
二主谓一致类型1. 不可数名词看成单数,因此谓语动词要用单数形式。
不可数名词有很多,比如空气、水、重量、长度、金钱等等。
(1) Ten thousand dollars is quite a large sum.(2) About 20 percent of the work was done yesterday.第一个句子里,钱即使再多,也只是一笔数目,所以看成单数;第二个句子里,work是不可数的,这个要注意,在英语里,我们把job看成可数名词,但是work看成不可数名词,不可数名词的前提下,不论讲它的几分之几,还是百分之多少,都仍然是不可数。
2. 主语从句看成单数。
That they were wrong in these matters is now clear to us all.这句话里有两个动词,一个是were,另一个是is,一个句子只能有一个动词,所以这里肯定嵌入了一个从句,我们会发现That they were wrong in these matters是个整体,充当整个句子里的主语,所以是主语从句。
我们把主语从句看成单数,所以这里用的is。
3. 就前原则就前原则,指的是动词单复数看这个词前面的名词单复数情况。
as well as, with, along with, together with都遵循就前原则。
具体我们来看以下例句:(1) E-mail, as well as telephones, plays an important part in daily munication.(2) A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.第一句话的意思是邮件和电话在日常沟通中有重要作用。
英语中主谓一致全解析
主谓一致汉语中没有谓语动词的变化,所以主谓一致也是困扰英语学习者的一大难题。
主谓一致的考察在改错及语法填空中比较多。
在作文方面也起着至关重要的作用,用错会导致文章质量大幅下降。
一概念:主语的人称和数决定谓语动词的形式。
1)与人称保持一致eg. You are friendly and I am friendly, too. But he is very rude.2) 与数保持一致①意义一致原则三大原则②形式一致原则③邻近一致原则二意义一致原则(必须分析主语是单数还是复数,可数还是不可数,走进句子语境去判断)1)有and 连接的主语,要准确判断是否为同一人、同一物、一个整体eg. This bread and butter is too thick.eg. Your colleague and former college friend is coming to our home tomorrow.eg. Thete is a knife and fork on the table.eg. The singer and the dancer is talking over there.表示整体概念的还有:a cart and horse, the needle and thread, a cup and saucer, cause and effect, supply and demand, pen and ink 等等2)非谓语动词或者名词性从句做主语,往往表示一种抽象的概念eg. Driving cars is not easy.eg. To say something is one thing, to do is another.练一练:What caused the fire and how much the lost was still unknown. (be)3)表时间、距离、金钱、重量等的复数名词,要从语境看是强调整体还是强调一个个的个eg. The minutes is enough.There are ten minute left.练一练:A survey shows that three hours of outdoor exercise good for our health.(be)4)集体名词做主语时,要判断是作为一个整体,还指群体中的个体常见集体名词:family, class, team, police, government, enemy, population, majority, public, audienceeg. The population of Jiangsu has grown to more than twice what it was in 1949.eg. My family is a large one.eg. My family are all very kind.练一练:Our enemy strong.(be)5)cattle, poultry 等做主语时,用复数。
初中英语语法主谓一致
初中英语语法——主谓一致一、主谓一致:主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。
主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则。
1. 语法一致原则:指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。
例如:Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。
They often play football on the playground.他们经常在操场上踢足球。
2.意义一致原则:指主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,这是谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:My family are having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃牛饭。
Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.这本书20美元太贵了。
3.就近一致原则:指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近他的主语。
例如:Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不仅老师喜欢踢足球,而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。
There is a pen and some books on the desk.课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
二、主谓一致常考题型:1.单数名词(代词),不可数名词做主语时,谓语用单数形式,复数名词(代词)做主语,谓语用复数形式。
2.many a+单数名词做主语,意义虽为“许多”,但谓语要用单数形式。
例如:Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。
3. more than one+单数名词做主语,谓语用单数。
例如: More than one student has ever been to Beijing.不止一个学生曾经去过北京。
4.表示时间,价格,重量,数目,长度,数学运算等的词或短语做主语时,这些通常作一个整体概念,谓语用单数形式。
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(一)语法也就是结构一致原则:(主语是单数,谓语动词用单数)
1.当主语是不可数名词,动名词,动词不定式,句子时,谓语动词用单数
2.当each, every, some, no, any等构成的复合不定代词作主语时,谓语用单数
当no/each/every+单数名词+and+no/each/every+单数名词作主语,谓语用单数
Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.
3.假主语现象as well as, together with, with, along with,(和)
including, (包括)like(比如)
rather than, more than(而不是)),
except, besides, in addition to(除了)…
Mr. Smith, together with his children, ____arrived.
4.当kind of/pair of/type of等短语作主语时,谓语和kind/pair/type保持一致
This pair of shoes ____made in Nanjing.
5.当分数/百分数+of+名词作主语时,谓语和of 后面的名词的数保持一致
Over 30% of the students were absent from the meeting.
________of the land in that district ________covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth, is
B. Two fifth, are
C. Two fifths, is
D. Two fifths, are
(二)意义一致原则
1.the+adj.表示一类人时,谓语用复数
2.表示“时间,距离,金钱,重量”等复数名词作主语时,若被看成一个整体,谓语用单数
Ten thousand dollars _____quite a large sum.
A good deal of money ____spent on books.
3.当police ,army, club, family, class, team, rest,the public, group, government, college, school, crowd, audience等集合名词作主语时,若被看成一个整体,谓语用单数
The whole class _____the teacher attentively.
A. are listening to
B. is listening to
C. are listening
D. is listening
4.people人、cattle (牲畜,牛)牲畜,做主语,谓语动词用复数
(三)就近原则
1.there be 句型
There is a book and two erasers on the desk.
2.either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, whether…or句型
Either you o r I _____going to the teachers’office after class.
(四)特殊句型
many a +可数名词单数(44)
more than one+可数名词单数
表示“很多”,但谓语动词用单数
Many a man _____ come to help us.
A. have
B. has
C. is
D. are
(五)注意
常见的不可数名词furniture, information, progress
常见的以复数出现的名词scissors, trousers, glasses,shoes。