【优化方案】高考英语第二轮专题复习 专题十七 词义猜测提分训练
第17讲阅读理解词义猜测题(讲义)-2024年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新教材新高考)(原卷版)
►第17讲词义猜测题（讲义）【复习目标】明确命题规律和提问方式掌握不同题型的解题方法熟练代词的含义【考情分析】近三年新高考阅读理解词义猜测题细目表【网络构建】命题规律：词义猜测题是高考阅读理解试题中的必考题型, 可以是对一个单词意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子的推断，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，可以考查替代词的内容。
在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语大多超出考纲的范围，需要根据语境进行推测其含义。
平时的训练中应当注意生词和短语的积累，还要掌握构词法，和一定的解题技巧。
题型和考查角度：1.猜测生词或熟词生义。
2.猜测短语的意义。
3.猜测代替词所替代的内容。
4.猜测句意。
命题方式：The phrase“...”in the sentence could be replaced by“”.The word “...”in the paragraph refer to“”.What is the meaning of the underlined word in the.. paragraph?Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase“...”?The word“...”most nearly means“”.The underlined sentence in the... paragraph implies that .解题技巧：文中画线处上下文。
2.理解上下文，查找提示点，根据背景、上下文等线索推测生词词义。
选项特征：1.根据定义推测词义有时作者会通过给词汇下定义来帮助读者理解该词的基本含义，如线索词that is, or, namely, in other words, that is to say, to be more exact, to put it another way, which is等。
高三英语阅读理解专题指导与训练——词义猜测技巧教案
高三英语阅读理解专题指导与训练——词义猜测技巧教案符兰英（February 25, 2016）一．英语高考全国统一大纲解读---阅读理解要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能：(1) 理解主旨要义；(2) 理解文中具体信息；(3) 根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；(4 做出判断和推理；(5) 理解文章的基本结构；(6) 理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
二．阅读理解词语猜测方法与技巧：1.根据上下文的说明，2. 根据上下文提供的情景3. 根据释义4. 根据从句判断5. 根据文中的列举6. 运用同义词关系7. 运用反义和对比关系8. 根据构词法知识9. 根据因果关系10. 根据生活常识11. 根据音译法三．课堂演练Passage 1The plants in our gardens look so familiar that often we do not realize that many of them actually come from countries far away. Collecting “exotic” plants, as they are called, dates back to the earliest times. Many ancient civilizations saw the value of bringing back plants from distant lands. The first plant collecting expedition recorded in history was around 1500 BC when the Queen of Egypt sent ships away to gather plants, animals and other goods.（选修9，Unit 4-1）1. The underlined word “exotic” means “__________”.A 远古的B 外来的C 早期的D 本地的Passage 2The CRF’s produce is "green", made within the country and divided into 10 lines, with the Alcohol Series being the most popular. The Exotic Series - with Sichuan pepper, red bean (豆),cheese and other flavors - also does well and is fun to taste. And for chocolate snobs, who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others, the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from Togo, Cuba, Venezuela, and Ghana, among others.2. The words "chocolate snobs" in Paragraph 3 probably refer to people whoA. are particular about chocolateB. know little about cocoa beansC. look down upon othersD. like to try new flavorsPassage 3I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics. （爱疯英语P11-7）3. Which of the following words can best take the place of the word “ relish”the word “relish”in Paragraph 2?A. chooseB. enjoyC. prepare for D carry on四．高考题之初体验：阅读理解One morning more than thirty years ago, I entered the Track Kitchen, a restaurant where everyone from the humblest(卑微的) to the most powerful came for breakfast. I noticed an empty chair next to an elderly, unshaven man, who looked somewhat disheveled. He was wearing a worn-out hat and was alone. I asked if I might join him. He agreed quietly and I sat down to have my breakfast.We cautiously began a conversation and spoke about a wide rang of things. We never introduced ourselves. I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat. So as I rose to go back to the counter and buy a second cup of coffee, I asked, “May I get you something ?”“A coffee would be nice. ”Then I bought him a cup of coffee, We talked more, and he accepted another cup of coffee. Finally, I rose to leave, wished him well, and headed for the exit. At the door I met one of my friends. He asked, “How did you get to know Mr. Galbreath?”“Who?”“The man you were sitting with. He is chairman of the Board of Churchill Downs. ”I could hardly believe it. I was buying, offering a free breakfast, and feeling pity for one of the world’s richest and most powerful men!My few minutes with Mr. Galbreath changed my life. Now I try to treat everyone with respect, no matter who I think they are, and no matter another human being with kindness and sincerity. (2010重庆)1. What does the underlined word “disheveled” mean?A. unfriendly.B. untidy.C. gentle.D. kind.2. The author bought coffee for the old man becauseA. he thought the old man was poorB. he wanted to start a conversationC. he intended to show his politenessD. he would like to thank the old man3. How did the author probably feel after he talked with his friend?A. Proud.B. Pitiful.C. Surprised.D. Regretful4. What is the message mainly expressed in the story?A. We should learn to be generous.B. It is honorable to help those in need.C. People in high positions are not like what we expect.D. We should avoid judging people by their appearances.五．Homework （爱疯英语P10-1，2，P11-4，5，6，7）。
高考英语阅读理解词义猜测方法
高考英语阅读理解词义猜测方法高考英语阅读理解词义猜想方法语言是沟通工具，英语无疑是这个世界上最重要的沟通工具。
下面准备了高考英语阅读理解词义猜想方法，希望你喜欢。
推测生词或短语的意义阅读理解题中所设置的词义猜想类题多是对生词、短语、指示代词的猜想。
一方面，命题者要求考生所猜想的单词或短语可能是已学过的或是考生较熟悉的，但高考所考查的是不太常见的意思;另一方面命题者要求考生所猜想的单词或短语可能是考生没有学过的。
此时，对单词或短语的猜想不要停留在字面上,要根据语境来判断。
考生可以通过构词法知识分析生词词义,或通过上下文尤其是生词所在的`句子以及其前后两句话猜想词义。
还可以通过联想进行推测,即回想已知词汇中是否存在拼写与该生词类似的词。
常用的几种猜词方法如下：1.利用副词或连词的转折、因果等关系有些词虽然不能直接猜想出其意义，但在上下文中能找到一些与之具有对比关系的[JP3]词，通过了解这些词的意义，就可以推断出所考查词的意思。
考生通过这种对比关系，就很容易猜出生词的词义了。
还可以通过近义词或反义词提供的信息猜想生词的词义。
俗话说，有因必有果，有果必有因。
根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。
如because, since与as是连接原因状语从句的从属连词;so是连接表示结果状语从句的连词;so...that与such...that中的that是连接结果状语从句的连词。
当这些信息词出现在有生词的句子中，考生通过因果关系，依据已知部分就能猜出生词的词义。
2.构词法(此法亦是记忆单词之妙法)合成法。
合成词是由两个或两个以上的单词构成的。
遇到这类生词时可根据合成法来猜想词义。
英语的合成词有合成形容词、合成名词等。
合成形容词的构成方法如下：(1)形容词+现在分词，如good-looking好看的;(2)副词+现在分词,如hard-working辛勤的，工作努力的;(3)名词+现在分词，如peace-loving爱好和平的;(4)名词+过去分词,如state-owned国有的。
超实用高考英语复习：阅读理解——词义猜测题 ---讲练
专题15 阅读理解：词意猜测题备考高考英语二轮复习命题解读词义猜测题考查的是考生根据上下文推断猜测猜测词语或句子的能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。
它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。
同时，考生应掌握一些猜词技巧，通过定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义、构词、常识及上下文线索等确定词义。
词句猜测题每套试卷一般为1题，但有一定难度，也是学生容易失分的题型。
考点分类词义猜测解体技巧一词语猜测题常见设问方式❖The underlined word “ … ” refers to/ (probably) means .❖In paragraph..., “...” can be replaced by “...”.❖“…” as used in the passage can best be defined as…❖By saying that “...” in the first paragraph, the author means that_____❖What does the underlined word “…” refer to in the last paragraph?❖Which of the following words can take the place of the word “ … ”?❖The underlined word /sentence in the ... paragraph could best be replaced by…❖Which of the following has the closest meaning to the word “ … ”?解题技能1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释。
这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
有时候利用上下文提供的语境和线索进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，从而推断词义，这是近几年考试重点，这种题型更能检查学生英语综合能力。
2023届高考英语二轮复习：关于阅读理解中的“猜测词义”题型 课件(共19张PPT)
关于阅读理解中的“猜测词义”题型
Contents
PART 01
说题意
PART 02
说学情
PART 03
说方法
PART 04
说延伸
PART 05
说反思
PART 01 说题意
输说入题相意关的标题
该题型考察学生读懂书、报、杂志中关 于一般话题的简短文章以及公告、说明、广 告等，并能从中获取相关信息，根据上下文 推断生词的词义的能力。
所考单词的意义通常超出大纲范围—— 超纲词意含义推断、熟词生义或是在特定语 境中的意思。
输说入题相意关的标题
2012课 标·全国Ι
2
考查猜测词义的题量在近五年中相对稳定， 属于常考题目，是对学生多方面综合能力的检测， 而且近年来有难度增大的趋势，不仅要求学生在 复杂句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案， 而且试题中还增加了对短语及句意的猜测。
What does the underlined word “Sedate” probably mean? B or D?
A. Wild the romantic
B. Slow and peaceful
C. Hungry and thirsty
D. Active and excited
PART 03 说方法
PART 02 说学情
输说入学相情关的标题
这是一篇说明文，介绍了在非洲骑着马近距离观赏野生动物的奇妙之处。
In the evening, rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace, with golden light streaming across the grassy delta and the animals coming out to eat and drink. Sedate though they are, rides at this time of day are still very impressive. As the sun's rays pass through the dust kicked up by the horses, the romance of Africa comes to life.
高优指导高三英语二轮复习 专题基础训练17 词义猜测题
专题十七词义猜测题A(2014·北京东城期末检测)The extraordinary Eastgate Building in Harare,Zimbabwe’s capital city,is said to be the only one in the world to use the same cooling and heating principles as the termite mound(白蚁丘).Architect Mick Pearce used precisely the same strategy when designing the Eastgate Building,which has no air-conditioning and almost no heating.The building—the country’s largest commercial and shopping complex—uses less than 10% of the energy of a conventional building of its size.The Eastgate’s o wners saved $3.5 million on a $36 million building because an air-conditioning plant didn’t have to be imported.The complex is actually two buildings linked by bridges across a shady,glass-roofed atrium(天井) open to the air.Fans suck fresh air in from the atrium,blow it upstairs through hollow spaces under the floors and from there into each office through baseboard vents(出口).As it rises and warms,it is drawn out via ceiling vents and finally exists through forty-eight brick chimneys.During summer’s cool nights,big fans blow air through the building seven times an hour to cool the empty floors.By day,smaller fans blow two changes of air an hour through the building to circulate the air which has been in contact with the cool floors.For winter days,there are small heaters in the vents.This is all possible only because Harare is 1,600 feet above sea level,has cloudless skies,little dampness and rapid temperature swings—days as warm as 31℃ commonly drop to 14℃ at night.“You couldn’t do this in New York,with its fantastically hot summers and fantastically cold winters,” Pearce said.The engineering firm of Ove Arup & Partners monitors daily temperatures.It is found that the temperature of t he building has generally stayed between 23℃ and 25℃,with the exception of the annual hot period just before the summer rains in October and three days in November,when a doorkeeper accidentally switched off the fans at night.And the air is fresh—far more so than in air-conditionedbuildings,where up to 30% of the air is recycled.1.Why was Eastgate cheaper to be built than a conventional building?A.It was designed in a smaller size.B.No air conditioners were fixed in.C.Its heating system was less advanced.D.It used rather different building materials.2.What does “it” refer to in Paragraph 3?A.Fresh air from outside.B.Heat in the building.C.Hollow space.D.Baseboard vent.3.Why would a building like Eastgate NOT work efficiently in New York?A.New York has fewer clear skies than Harare.B.Its dampness affects the circulation of air.C.New York covers a larger area than Harare.D.Its temperature changes seasonally rather than daily.4.The data in the last paragraph suggests Eastgate’s temperature contr olsystem .A.allows a wide range of temperaturesB.functions well for most of the yearC.can recycle up to 30% of the airD.works better in hot seasonsB(2014·石家庄质检二)Sir John,a British scientist who won last year’s Nobel Prize for Medicine,said he had predicted at the time of his frog experiments that the successful cloning of a mammal would happen within 50 years,and that “maybe the same answer is appropriate” for the step to human cloning.Parents who lose children in accidents may be able to clone “copies” to replace them then.Although any attempt to clone an entire human would raise complex moralissues,the biologist claimed people would soon overcome their concerns if the technique became medically useful.Cloning was regarded with extreme doubts when it was first developed but became widely accepted after the birth of Louise Brown,the first “test tube baby”.He said,“When my first frog experiment was done,an American reporter asked how long it will be before these things can be done in mammals or humans.I s aid,‘Well,it could be anywhere between 10 years and 100 years—how about 50 years?’It turned out that it wasn’t far off the mark as far as Dolly was concerned.Maybe the same answer is appropriate.”Sir John added that cloning a human being effectively means making an identical twin,and doctors would therefore simply be “copying what nature has already produced”.The average vote on allowing parents of deceased children,who are no longerfertile(能生育的),to create another using the mother’s eggs and skin cells fr om the first child,thinking the technique was safe and effective,is 60 percent in favor.The reasons for “no” are usually that the new child would feel they were some sort of a replacement for something.1.Sir John predicted the human cloning would be a reality in at most.A.100 yearsB.60 yearsC.50 yearsD.10 years2.According to the text,which statement is NOT true?A.Louise Brown is the first “test tube baby”.B.Human cloning is still a controversial topic.C.Sir John is positive about the future of human cloning.D.Human cloning is creating something that didn’t exist before.3.The underlined word “identical” probably means “”.A.sameB.specialC.newD.clear4.What does the text mainly talk about?A.The life of Sir John.B.Prediction on human cloning.C.Views on human cloning.D.Achievements in human cloning.C(2014·成都二诊)Psychologists have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision,choosing a university to attend,for example,involves the use of a decision worksheet.Psychologists who study optimization(最优化) compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are.Supporters of the worksheet procedure believe that it will bring about the bestdecisions.Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheetscan take,they are all similar in their essential aspects.Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear way and then listing all possible solutions to theproblem.Next,the considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed,and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined.Each consideration is assigned a numerical(数字的) value to reflect its related importance.A decision is then mathematically calculated by adding these values together.The choice with the highest number of points comes as the best decision.Since most important problems are multifaceted(多方面的),there are several alternatives to choose from,each with unique advantages and disadvantages.One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables(可变因素) than their minds can generally comprehend and remember.On average,people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once.A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships.A realistic example for many college students is the ques tion “What will I do after graduation?”A graduate might seek a positionthat offers specialized training,pursue an advanced degree,or travel abroad for a year.A decision-making worksheet begins with a statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it.It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals,because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones.Focusing on long-range goals,a graduating student might revise the question above to “What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?”1.In Paragraph 1,the author develops the discussion by means of .A.describing a processB.classifying types of worksheetsC.providing historical backgroundD.explaining a theory2.Which of the following steps occurs before the others when making a decision worksheet?A.Deciding which consequences are the most important.B.Calculating a numerical summary of each solution.C.Listing the consequences of each solution.D.Writing down all possible solutions.3.According to decision-worksheet theory,the best choice is defined as theone .A.that has the most points assigned to itB.that uses the most decision worksheetsC.that has the fewest variables to considerD.that is agreed to by the greatest number of people4.The underlined word “revise” is closest in meaning to “”.A.askB.explainC.changeD.predict##A【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。
高考英语第二轮专题复习 专题十七 词义猜测提分训练
专题十七词义猜测(2013·高考新课标全国卷Ⅱ，C)Given that many people’s moods (情绪)are regulated by the chemical action of chocolate，it was probably only a matter of time before somebody made the chocolate shop similar to a drugstore of Chinese medicine.Looking like a setting from the film Charlie&the Chocolate Factory，Singapore’s Chocolate Research Facility (CRF) has over 100 varieties of chocolates.Its founder is Chris Lee who grew up at his parents’ corner store with one hand almost always in the jar of sweets.If the CRF seems to be a smart idea，that’s because Lee is not merely a seasoned salesperson but also head of a marketing department that has business relations with big names such as Levi’s and Sony.That idea surely results in the imagination at work when it comes to making different flavored (味道) chocolates.The CRF’s produce is “green ”，made within the country and divided into 10 lines，with the Alcohol Series being the most popular.The Exotic Series－with Sichuan pepper，red bean (豆)，cheese and other flavors－also does well and is fun to taste.And for chocolate_snobs，who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others，the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from Togo，Cuba，Venezuela，and Ghana，among others.44．What is good about chocolate?A．It serves as a suitable gift.B．It works as an effective medicine.C．It helps improve the state of mind.D．It strengthens business relations.45．Why is Chris Lee able to develop his idea of the CRF?A．He knows the importance of research.B．He learns from shops of similar types.C．He has the support of many big namesD．He has a lot of marketing experience.46．Which line of the CRF produce sells best?A．The Connoisseur Series.B．The Exotic Series.C．The Alcohol Series.D．The Sichuan Series.47．The words “chocolate snobs”in Paragraph 3 probably refer to people who________.A．are particular about chocolateB．know little about cocoa beansC．look down upon othersD．like to try new flavors【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。
高考英语 强效提分指南 阅读理解专题指导 猜测词义题
英语阅读理解专题指导－猜测词义题在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。
这时许多同学立即翻阅词典，查找词义。
这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。
事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。
我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。
近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对突破高考阅读理解、提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。
常见的题干有：1) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word？2) The word... could best be replaced by.3) In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to).4) According to the passage,... probably means.5) The author uses the word... to mean.猜测词义时，一般可利用以下四个方面的线索：一是针对性的解释针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。
这些解释提供的信息明确具体，所使用的语言通俗易懂，利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。
1.根据定义（definition）猜测词义如果生词有一个句子（定语从句或是同位语<同位语前常有 or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say, i.g. 等>或是同位语从句）或段落来定义,或使用破折号，冒号，分号后的内容和引号括号中的内容加以解释和定义，那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
定义常用的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify 等。
高考英语阅读策略之猜测词义【精选文档】
高考英语阅读策略之猜测词义猜测词义是英语阅读的一种重要技巧，也是高考中常考的题型，是考查学生对文章上下文语境理解及词汇量等多方面综合能力。
词义猜测题常见的考查形式：1) What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph? / What does the underlined word mean？2) The phrase “…" in the sentence could be replaced by _________。
3) The word “…” in the paragraph refers to ______。
4）Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase"…”？5) By saying “…” in the first (second…) paragraph, the author means that ______. 6）What do you think the expression “…” stand for?考查方向：1。
熟词新意，即熟悉词汇的陌生含义;2。
复合词的含义的理解，对于衍生词汇的理解能力；3.根据上下文对代词的指代含义的理解能力；4。
根据上下文对不认识单词的词义判断能力；5.对谚语、俗语、俚语含义的理解能力；6.通过近义词、反义词和常识理解词汇的能力。
Example 11。
Anthropology is the scientific study of mankind. 词义:_________2.The term jam constitutes a state in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation。
2021-2022年高考英语二轮复习专题7阅读理解模式4词义猜测题讲练
2021年高考英语二轮复习专题7阅读理解模式4词义猜测题讲练those，51 have been abroad.I have 42 hours to carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little box...”可知，“我”是一个运送干细胞的人。
][例2] (xx·四川高考·C·节选)His blackandwhite pictures present a world almost lost in time.These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for.These local citizens now have to balance their traditional selfsupporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic，which brings with it not only necessary state welfare，but also alcoholism，betrayal and even suicide.31．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?A．The modern French lifestyle.B．The selfsupporting hunting.C．The uncivilized world.D．The French Republic.A[词义猜测题之代词指代，可利用并列关系解题。
with it与前面的with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic是并列关系，故it指代的是现代的法国的生活方式。
高三英语每日一练-新高三词义猜测题
新高考复习语法---词义猜测题做题方法指导词义猜测题是高考英语阅读题的一种必考题型，难度中等偏上，常用以下方法：1.根据前后语法关系2.利用上下文语境3.注意表逻辑关系的词4.利用背景常识5.利用构词法猜词义词义猜测题考查的范围生词、短语、熟词生义、句子和代词的指代。
常见的设问形式主要有以下几种:What does the underlined word..in Paragraph..refer to?What does the underlined phrase...".in Paragraph...refer to?What does the underlined word..in Paragraph..mean?What does the author mean by...in Paragraph...?Which of the following can replace the underlined word..in Paragraph...?考点1利用构词法猜词义汉字大多都是形声字，声旁表音,形旁表意。
和汉字一样,英语单词也是按照一定的构词规则组成的，常见的构词法主要有三种:合成法是指两个或多个单词按照一-定的组合规律组合在一_起，形成一个新的单词。
一般来说，新的合成词的意思就是各个组成词的意思的综合。
例如: workmate是由work(工作)和mate(伙伴)组合成的新单词，它的意思是”工友，同事"。
这样的单词在平时阅读中经常见到，也比较容易猜测出它们的意思。
[小试牛刀](1)猜猜看,以下单词是什么意思呢?①ill-treat②keyboard③single-handed④air-conditioned⑤pineapple[典例]Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside.|ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.Without fail one would declare,"But I?m just not creative."...Q:What does the underlined word"downside"in Paragraph4 probably mean?A.Mistake.B.Drawback.C.Difficulty.D.Burden.[解析]根据构词法进行猜测，downside由down和side组成，字面意思为"下面的一边",初步可以猜测出词义为"不足部分"。
新高考英语二轮提分教程文档：考前提分语篇写作话题17含解析
话题17文化与礼仪话题单词第1组□1.adventure n. 冒险；奇遇□2.ancestor n. 祖先□3.ancient adj. 古代的□4.awkward adj. 令人尴尬的；使人难堪的□5.belief n. 信条；信念believe v. 相信；认为□6.bless v. 保佑；祈福□7.casual adj. 漫不经心的；非正式的□8.caution n. 谨慎；小心；警告cautious adj. 小心的；谨慎的□9.ceremony n. 典礼；仪式；礼节□10.cherish v t. 珍惜□11.chief adj. 主要的□12.civilized adj. 文明的□13.concern v．& n. 涉及；关心□14.cooperation n. 合作□15.culture n. 文化cultural adj. 文化的第2组□1.custom n. 习惯；习俗；风俗□2.exchange n．& v t. 交换；调换；交流□3.expand v. 扩展□4.familiar adj. 熟悉的□5.fascinating adj. 魅力无穷的□6.hug v．& n. 拥抱□7.imagination n. 想象力□8.immigrant n. 移民□rm v t. 告诉；通知information n. 信息□10.manner n. 方式；态度；举止□11.marriage n. 结婚；婚姻married adj. 已婚的marry v. (使)成婚；结婚□12.misunderstand v t. 误解；误会□13.monument n. 纪念碑；纪念馆□14.moral adj. 道德的□15.nation n. 国家第3组□1.occasion n. 时刻；场合□2.particular adj. 特殊的；特别的□3.phenomenon n. 现象□4.pray v. 祈祷□5.race n. 种族□6.relevant adj. 紧密相关的；有意义的□7.religion n. 宗教□8.restrict v. 限制restriction n. 限制；约束□9.sacrifice n．& v. 牺牲；供奉□10.separate adj. 单独的；分开的separately ad v. 单独地；各自地separation n. 分离；隔离□11.silence n. 安静；沉默silent adj. 无声的；沉默的□12.symbol n. 象征□13.tradition n. 传统；风俗traditional adj. 传统的；习俗的□14.typical adj. 典型的；有代表性的；特有的话题短语第1组□1.add to 增添□2.adopted words 外来词□e into being 形成；产生；出现□4.contribute to the economic and cultural development 促进经济文化的发展□5.cooperate with sb. 与某人合作□6.cross-cultural communication 跨文化交流□7.cultural background 文化背景□8.cultural conflict 文化冲突第2组□1.date back to/date from 追溯到□2.experience diverse Chinese culture 体验多元的中国文化□3.fit in 融入；适应□4.follow a custom 遵循习俗□5.get together 聚会□6.have a good knowledge of 通晓□7.make it a rule to do sth. 使做某事成为规定□8.make use of 利用第3组□1.mix sth. with sth. 将……与……混合□2.on special occasions 在特殊的场合□3.originate from 起源于……□4.owe ... to ... 把……归功于……□5.refer to 涉及□6.spread Chinese culture 传播中国文化□7.stare sb. up and down 上下打量某人□8.take it easy 放松；别紧张□9.the majority of 大多数话题佳句1．However, we should make great efforts to preserve and enrich our own traditional culture.然而，我们应该努力保护和丰富我们自己的传统文化。
江苏省高考英语二轮总复习 专题第17课时 词义猜测导练课件
第3页，共5页。
67. The underlined word “divergence” in paragraph 4
means “______”．
A. evolutionB. exhibiti源自nC. separation
D. examination
第4页，共5页。
【点拨】词义猜测题。根据语境所表达的关系来猜测。前一句 the African savanna elephant and the African forest elephant have been distinct species，后一句承接前句The divergence of the two species…可知。文中divergence of the two species指
代前文the African savanna elephant and the African forest elephant
have been distinct species, divergence与distinct同义替换， 对应 选项C。
第5页，共5页。
三
阅读理解
第17课时 词义猜测
第1页，共5页。
词义或句意猜测题中的词、词组或句子都是可以根 据文章内容推知其含义的，这是命题的基本要求。不管 是熟悉的单词，还是生词，我们都可以采用以下的方法 ：构词法(派生、合成、转化)，同义词或反义词，同位语
或定义，解释性的词语(如that is, that is to say, or, namely, in
other words)以及标点符号(如破折号、括号)引出的对该词的 解释性词或句，或通过具体语境中体现出来的某种关系(如：
因果关系、转折关系、同类关系、对比关系)，以及生活常识 来猜测。
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专题十七词义猜测(2013·高考新课标全国卷Ⅱ，C)Given that many people’s moods (情绪)are regulated by the chemical action of chocolate，it was probably only a matter of time before somebody made the chocolate shop similar to a drugstore of Chinese medicine.Looking like a setting from the film Charlie&the Chocolate Factory，Singapore’s Chocolate Research Facility (CRF) has over 100 varieties of chocolates.Its founder is Chris Lee who grew up at his parents’ corner store with one hand almost always in the jar of sweets.If the CRF seems to be a smart idea，that’s because Lee is not merely a seasoned salesperson but also head of a marketing department that has business relations with big names such as Levi’s and Sony.That idea surely results in the imagination at work when it comes to making different flavored (味道) chocolates.The CRF’s produce is “green ”，made within the country and divided into 10 lines，with the Alcohol Series being the most popular.The Exotic Series－with Sichuan pepper，red bean (豆)，cheese and other flavors－also does well and is fun to taste.And for chocolate_snobs，who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others，the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from Togo，Cuba，Venezuela，and Ghana，among others.44．What is good about chocolate?A．It serves as a suitable gift.B．It works as an effective medicine.C．It helps improve the state of mind.D．It strengthens business relations.45．Why is Chris Lee able to develop his idea of the CRF?A．He knows the importance of research.B．He learns from shops of similar types.C．He has the support of many big namesD．He has a lot of marketing experience.46．Which line of the CRF produce sells best?A．The Connoisseur Series.B．The Exotic Series.C．The Alcohol Series.D．The Sichuan Series.47．The words “chocolate snobs” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to people who________.A．are particular about chocolateB．know little about cocoa beansC．look down upon othersD．like to try new flavors【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。
巧克力可以调节人的情绪，现在新加坡的CRF正在帮你生产出令你满意的巧克力。
那么，它有哪些优势呢？44．解析：选C。
细节理解题。
根据第一段第一句话可知，巧克力可以调节人的情绪。
A 项在文中未提及；文中并未提及巧克力有药物的功效，故B项错误；文中提到CRF的创始人Chris Lee 有广泛的商业人脉，但这并不说明巧克力能加强商业关系，排除D项。
所以选C。
45．解析：选D。
细节理解题。
根据第二段第一句可知Lee不仅仅是一个经验丰富的销售员，而且是一个与一些大品牌有业务往来的市场部经理，因此可以知道他有许多市场经验，正是他丰富的市场经验使得他的理念得以发展。
所以选D。
46．解析：选C。
细节理解题。
根据第三段第一句话中．..with the Alcohol Series being the most popular.可知Alcohol Series线的产品卖得最好，所以选C。
47．解析：选A。
词义猜测题。
根据chocolate snobs后面的定语从句who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others，the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from...可知这些人对制作巧克力的原料很挑剔，所以选A。
B项为“对可可豆了解很少”；C项为“瞧不起别人”；D项为“喜欢尝试新口味”。
EP Portable Heater(2013·高考北京卷，A)We all know that the cost of heating our homes will continue to be a significant burden on the family budget.Now millions of people are saving on their heating bills with the EP portable heater.With over one million satisfied customers around the world，the new EP heats better and faster，saves more on heating bills，and runs almost silent.The EP has no exposed heating parts that can cause a fire.The outside of the EP only gets warm to the touch so that it will not burn children or pets.The EP will not reduce oxygen in the room.With other heaters，you’ll notice that you get sleepy when the heat comes on because they are burning up oxygen.The advanced EP also heats the room evenly，wall to wall and floor to ceiling.It comfortably covers an area up to 350 square feet.Other heaters heat rooms unevenly with most of the heat concentrated to the center of the room.And they only heat an area a few feet around the heater.With the EP，the temperature will not vary in any part of the room.The EP comes with a 3year warranty (保修) and a 60day，no questions asked，satisfaction guarantee.If you are not totally satisfied，return it at our expense and your money will be given back to you.Now we have a special offer for 10 days，during which you can enjoy a half price discount and a free delivery.If you order after that，we reserve the right to either accept or reject order requests at the discounted price.Take action right now!56．What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2?A．The heat of the EP.B．The safety of the EP.C．The appearance of the EP.D．The material of the EP.57．From the passage，we can learn that the EP________.A．doesn’t burn up oxygenB．runs without any noiseC．makes people get sleepyD．is unsuitable for children and pets58．The underlined word“evenly”in Paragraph 4 probably means________.A．continuously B．separatelyC．quickly D．equally59．The main purpose of the passage is to________.A．persuade people to buy the productB．advise people to save on heating billsC．report the new development of portable heatersD．compare the functions of different heater brands【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，属于广告文体，介绍了一种新型的便携式暖风机。