How to teach listening
How to teach listening effectively(introduction&conclusion)
I. IntroductionAs an international language, English is widely used in the world. Dramatically increasing international exchange are now bringing Chinese people a lot of chances to communicate with foreigners face to face, which make how to develop students’ listening competence effectively an urgent task.Listening is the most common communicative activity in daily life :”we can expect to listen twice as much as we speck, four times more than we read, and five times more than we write”Listening is also important for obtaining comprehensible input that is necessary for language development. In Foreign Language Teaching, teachers must make students possess the language ability in listening before teaching them to write or speak. Either in terms of language acquisition or in terms of motivation for learning, listening has its special place. As a receptive skill in the communication process, listening is important to language learning.The degree of listening has a direct impact on the ability of knowledge of the word, expressing the idea, even the smooth development of foreign language skills. Listening skills are important to any language learner who will be involved with the spoken language. The more he is exposed auditory to the target language, the more likely he will acquire the language fast enough to speak it naturally. As a saying goes like that ,”if a child has never heard the word, he’ll never say it. And if he’s never heard it or said it, it’s going to be difficult when the time comes to read it. ”Therefore, bringing up students’listening skill is an essential part of English teaching. Currently the many examination has added listening testing, credited to students’total achievement. Listening teaching become more and more important.V. ConclusionThis paper has chosen listening teaching, one of the language skills of high school English teaching as object, set out from the importance of teaching listening, and have made a careful investigation of the current situation of high school listening teaching, made an analysis of characteristics of listening process and characteristics of listening in classroom teaching, summarized the principles of teaching listening. After making an analysis of the problem of current situation of listening teaching, and combining with the characteristics of listening process and characteristics of listening in classroom teaching, made some points on specific teaching methods with the expectation of helping improve high school listening teaching.。
how to teach english
Book Review of How to Teach EnglishHow to Teach Englishby Jeremy HarmerForeign Language Teaching and Research Press,2010,203pp,￥27.9ISBN 978-7-5600-1902-4Reviewed by Li XianWhen I was a child, I was moved by the story of a great teacher ----Annie Sullivan. She was the teacher of a famous writer Hellen Keller. She taught Hellen, a blind and deaf girl, how to read, how to write, how to learn. She brought bright to Hellen and changed her life. From then on, I made up my mind to become a teacher like Miss Sullivan after I grow up. After learning English teaching, I found it is not easy to be a good teacher. But, it is possible if I do my best.Last month I read a book, How to Teach English, written by a famous educator Jeremy Harmer. English is one of the most widely used languages in the world. It is spoken by nearly three hundred million people：in England, the United States, Australia, Canada and many other countries. It is one of the working languages at international meetings and is more used than the others. It is said that 60 percent of the world's radio broadcasts and 70 percent of the world's mail are in English. Millions of books and magazines are written in English, too. English is really a bridge to knowledge. With the help of English we can learn modern science and technology faster and better form the developed countries. In this way we can serve our country better. In China there are thousands of English learners and they are keen on a good English teacher. As a good English teacher, you should learn how to teach English.How to Teach English is a complete manual of teaching English as a foreign language. It is complete because of its wide-range coverage from general issues about teaching and learning English up to specific problems that English teachers frequently encounter. Between these two extremes, readers can find almost everything dealing with teaching and learning English. Those who are interested in developing the teaching of language components may refer to Chapter 5. A brief review about sentence constructions, part of speech, noun types, verb forms are topics within this chapter. Not intending to dichotomize weakness and strength, bad and good, these topics indicate that the descriptions of grammar used in this book refer to traditional view of grammar. Chapter 7-10 deal with teaching the four language skills. They are, therefore, appropriate for those who want a practical, easy to understand reference of teaching listening, speaking, reading, and writing.As a teaching manual, as the writer says in its introduction, "How to Teach English" is a practical book concentrating on examples of teaching and teaching practices rather than on detailed analysis of learning theory. Its practical characteristic makes this book appropriate for novice teachers with even limited comprehension.Chapter one describe some of qualities which good teachers possess: an ability to give interesting class, using the full range of their personality; the desire to communicate with students, treating them all equally however tempting it is to do otherwise; and ‘knowing all their names’. Language teachers use with students should at all times be comprehensible, and, especially when giving instructions, it should be clear and well staged. Teachers need to walk a fine line between predictability and surprise, without lurching into either monotony or anarchy. Also a good teacher could respond flexibly to what happens in class, even while attempting to follow a pre-arrangedplan.Chapter two looked at what makes a good learner and talked about how learners differ from each other in age and level. Good learners take some of responsibility for learning themselves. Whilst being sensitive to their educational and cultural background, teacher should try and encourage the practice of self-study. Good learners are willing to experiment listen, ask questions and think about how to learn. This implies the desirability of using appropriate study skills. Choosing appropriate activity is also very important.Chapter three discussed the teachers’ physical presence, saying that we should pay attention to our proximity to the students, think about how much teachers move around the class, and consider the appropriate of our behavior in general. Teachers need to make contact with their students, especially eye contact. Teachers need to e clearly audible without shouting in a disagreeable and stressed the need for variety in the way teachers uses their voice. Different activities call for different voice, and the varied use of the voice makes for more interesting classes.Chapter four talked about the elements necessary to learn language in the real world: exposure, motivation and use. Three elements are necessary for successful teaching and learning in class: E(engage), S(study), and A(activate). Sometime these three elements can mix together and in different order. It also talked about different models which people have used to describe teaching such as PPP(presentation, practice and production), task-based learning(which puts the task first and language learning last) and communicative language teaching(with its twin emphasis on appropriate language use and activation methodology).Chapter five talked about how to describe language. It described this topic very comprehensively, from grammar to pronunciation.Chapter six said that students need to be exposed to language. They need to understand its meaning, understand its construction and practise it. In order to make sure students understand the meaning of words and grammar, the teacher can show objects, pictures and drawings. They can use mime, gesture and expression. They can check questions to make sure students understand concepts. They can use time lines for verb tenses or explain meaning by listing opposite meanings. They can get more advanced students to write dictionary definitions and then compare them with the real thing. Teachers should correct students’mistake in proper way. Ideally, students will be able to correct themselves but if they can’t, the teacher may do it or ask other students to help. However, we have to choose how to correct very sensitively.Reading, writing, speaking and listening are important parts of English learning. Chapter 7 to chapter 10, the author talked about this question in detail from the importance of each part, how to develop each skill, the principle teachers should keep and some suggestions.Chapter 11 looked at four different options for text book use when for some reason the teacher decides that the textbook is not appropriate for class: the options are omit, replace, add and adapt. The using of textbook is teacher’s skill. And the author gave some advices for textbook using. Chapter 12 talked about how to plan lessons. Planning helps to focus our minds it helps to have something to refer to in the middle of the class, it shows students that we are professional and that we care. Before making a plan teacher should keep 6 questions in mind: why do you want to do it? What will it achieve? How long will it take? What might go wrong? What will you need to do it? How will it fit in with what comes before and after it?Chapter 13 talked about 7 dilemmas teachers might encounter: what if students are all at different level? What if the class is big? What if students keep using their own language? What ifstudents are uncooperative? What if students don’t want to talk? What if students don’t understand the listening tape? What if some students-in-groups finish before everybody else?After reading this book, I ask myself time and again how to be a good English teacher.It is important that a good English teacher should have an excellent command of English. But this is no enough. And I think, there are a variety of elements that contribute to the qualities of a good English teacher. There are three main aspects: ethic devotion, professional qualities, and personal styles.The most important thing is that a good English teacher should like his or her job and love the students, should be responsible for the student. A teacher should be full of patience and imagination. Secondly, professional qualities are very important, and they are the most difficult. A good English teacher should be qualified for the profession and armed with a specific range of skills, strategies, knowledge, and abilities. With the help of these qualities, an English teacher can do better in the teaching of English. Thirdly, personal styles are necessary. Since language is always changing, language teaching can never come to an end. That needs more creation, communication, participation, discussion, activities and more new teaching conceptions.Karl Marx once said, “A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.” I am a would-be English teacher, and it will take me a long way to become a good teacher. But I will try my best to be a good English teacher, and I believe I can. I am proud of this job because I will have such a glorious career in the world.“Teacher is the man who passes on principles, teaches skills and solves problems.” So do that w ell, you’ll become a good English teacher.“Pass on principles” means that passing the principles of human to the students. This must be emphasized on teaching. As an English teacher, not only teaches students to learn English, but also teaches students how to carry out behavior of the human is more important. During teaching English knowledge to middle school students, we should educate them respect teachers and the elder, value society, unite classmates, work hard strong-willed and so on.Most students’ feeling is simple, genuine. How to teach them well? I think we should do the following points:First, believe students’ effort.When you come into contact with students, you must speak deeply and clearly, but respect them. For example, during class, if a student doesn’t listen carefully, you should give him a hint with the eyes. If he’s going on, you should walk towards him, and touch him lightly. Even worse, you must tell him in a low voice: “After class, you go to my office.” In the office, you mustn’t raise a hue and cry. You should be strict with him and say the principles with a mild tone. At last, you may use genuine feeling to move him, till he acknowledges sincerely.Teachers should encourage the students to work hard. When I was young I did not interested in English learning at all. After persuading and education of my English teacher in my middle school, my English was improved. From then on, I become excellent students. As long as you are patient enough, everyone could become good student finally. After all, students in middle school are children with reforming.Second, teachers should improve professional skill.Man’s life is full of learning. “To learn is never too late.” The world is developing, so does knowledge. As an English teacher, you must improve your listening, speaking, reading and writing skills, etc. It’s necessary to read more English, and you must speak English as much as possible. Ifthere is no intercommunicate surrounding, you must create it.Middle school students are 14 or 15 years old, and they have learnt English for 2 or 3 years. We should read newspapers and magazines about English. It’s necessary rite an article in English and learn something from workmates in modest, so that to learn others’ advantage, escaping your ow n shortcoming. In sum, you should learn something from others and make your own broad and profound knowledge.Third, become a good guider.Rich knowledge is necessary and important, an English teacher should help students become good behavior all their lives. This is more important. You should make the students prepare for the class, listen to it all their hearts, write carefully, let the students practice speaking English and use it all the time, this is the most important for the students to learn English. In every class, you should elect a few problems, copy them on the blackboard and solve them in class. The effect is very good. Becoming a good guider, a teacher is like a guider. It’s very important for a teacher to know how to guide the students to act their role well. Teacher must design carefully a lesson, assign time reasonably, lead students to listen, speak, read and write. In the class, you mustn’t speak too much, or it will waste time, you must remember all the time that “student is the leading actor”.Fourth, put affection on students.Many students have rich knowledge, exquisite emotion and attach importance to friendship between classmates feeling with teachers. They understand and care for their parents. A student writes a letter to his paren ts: “Dad and Mom, I have a good mark is the only answering for you. But every time, I haven’t got good mark. When I got home, I felt sorry for you with your care for me, you must be disappointed.” Does such a student need to critic? On the contrary, I thin k he need to be encouraged and be concerned about, we must put affection on them and guide them rightly. Above are my opinions, I think I will become an excellent teacher if I follow it.Comments 林雪萃：After reading your book review of How to Teach English, I recognized that you learned a lot. And you must pay great effort to finish this book review. But I advice you to read this book again and again, not because it is really a masterpiece but because you can learn more compared with what you have attained. First you just summarize each chapter but it’s not enough. You should get each chapter together and make it into your own words. You give your opinion about how to be a good teacher and I think it is ok. But I think as a review of a book, your opinion should relate to the book you read. So your opinion should be something about English Teaching Method.。
听力how to learn english
听力how to learn english
要提高英语听力，可以采取以下步骤：
增加词汇量：扩大词汇量，特别是常用词汇和学科相关词汇。
练习听音辨音：通过模仿和练习听音和辨音，如音素、单词、短语、句子等的发音和音变规则，提高对英语发音的敏感度。
多听英语材料：通过听英语广播、新闻、电影、电视剧等，熟悉英语语音、语调和语速，培养英语语感。
参加听力训练班：参加专业的听力训练班，接受专业的指导和训练，提高听力技能。
练习口语和写作：通过练习口语和写作，培养对英语的理解和应用能力，从而促进听力的提高。
使用辅助工具：使用诸如词典、语音识别软件等辅助工具，帮助提高听力理解和听力技巧。
坚持练习：听力是一项需要长期坚持的技能，只有持续不断地练习，才能取得显著的提高。
总之，提高英语听力需要多方面的努力和实践。
通过不断地积累词汇、练习听音辨音、多听英语材料、参加听力训练班、练习口语和写作、使用辅助工具以及坚持练习，可以有效地提高英语听力水平。
Teaching Listening
Features Affecting Listening Input
Brown & Yule(1983b) suggests that there are four clusters of factors which can affect the difficulty of listening tasks: 1. the speaker --- how many there are, how quickly they speak, what types of accent they have 2. the listener --- the role of the listener (whether a participant or eavesdropper, the level of response required, the individual interest in the subject) 3. the content --- grammar, vocabulary, information structure, background knowledge assumed 4. support --- whether there are pictures, diagrams or other visual aids to support the text
3. What makes listening difficult?
• • • • • • • Clustering; Redundancy; Reduced forms; Colloquial language; Rate of delivery; Stress, rhythm, and intonation; Interaction;
英语教学理论与实践教学大纲
《英语教学理论与实践》教学大纲Theory and Practice for English language Teaching课程代码：RRX036316 学时：36 学分：2理论学时：36 实验或讨论学时：0适用专业：英语课程性质：选修执笔人：李银玲审定人：康光明一、说明1．课程的性质、地位和任务“英语教学理论与实践”是面向英语专业高年级学生开设的一门个性发展课程。
是一门多边缘的、发展中的、理论与实践相结合的理论学科，课程在回顾外语教学历史、研究语言和学习规律、介绍先进教学理论的同时，要求学生通过语音、语法、词汇、听力、口语、阅读、写作、等课堂教学的实践，掌握教学理论，灵活运用教学理论。
因此，本课程具有知识介绍和理论实践两大特点，既注重知识的传授，又注意教学能力的培养。
2．课程教学的基本要求该课程要求学生有很强的自主学习能力和参与意识。
根据人才培养模式的要求和本课程设置的特点，学生在学习时应做到以下几点：1）做好充分的预习工作该课程要求学生必须在上课前做好充分的预习工作。
在课前预习时应该做到以下几点：预习教材，完成所有的tasks；阅读相关的辅助材料，如上海外语教育出版社和外研社都出版了成套的英语教学和研究类图书，另外很多国内的刊物，如“外语教学与研究”“外语界””国外外语教学”“中小学外语教学”等，国外的如TESOL Quarterly, ELT Journal, Forum等上面都有很多理论与理论应用性的研究，阅读这些书籍和刊物不仅可以扩充自己的知识，也可以学习一些研究方法；自己应该能够根据教材中的教学理论，设计各种微型课堂活动。
2）注意互惠性学习所谓互惠性学习即在学习中与其他同学合作，互惠互利，进行信息共享，共同分析问题、解决问题。
如有可能可以结合成固定的学习小组。
3）加强反思性学习在学习过程中应注意将所学教学理论与自己的教学实践相联系，从理论的角度评估自己的教学。
如在学习“阅读教学”时，根据阅读教学的理论对照自己的阅读教学实践，寻找教学中的差距，这样不仅可以加深对教学理论的理解，也可通过对自己教学的反思，提高自己的业务素质。
给老师课堂教学上都困难提建议的英语作文
给老师课堂教学上都困难提建议的英语作文全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1Dear teacher,I want to talk to you about something that's been on my mind for a while. I know being a teacher is hard work, and I really appreciate all the things you do for us. But sometimes, I feel like there are things that make it hard for us to learn in class. So I want to give you some suggestions to make things better.First of all, I think it would be helpful if you could explain things more clearly. Sometimes, when you're teaching us new concepts, I get a little confused because I don't understand what you're saying. Maybe you could use simpler words or give more examples to help us understand better.Secondly, I think it would be great if you could give us more time to ask questions. Sometimes, I want to ask you something during class, but I don't feel like I have enough time to do so. It would be really helpful if you could encourage us to ask questions and take the time to answer them.Lastly, I think it would be nice if you could give us more opportunities to practice what we've learned. Sometimes, I feel like I don't have enough chances to apply the things you've taught us, and it makes it harder for me to remember them. Maybe you could give us more homework or exercises to help us practice.I hope you don't take these suggestions the wrong way. I really think you're a great teacher, and I just want to help make things better for all of us. Thank you for listening, and I hope you can consider these suggestions.Sincerely,[Your Name]篇2Hello teacher,I want to give you some advice on how to make our classroom teaching easier for us students. Sometimes, we feel confused and have a hard time understanding the lessons. Here are some suggestions that may help:1. Use simple language: Sometimes, the words you use in class are too difficult for us to understand. It would be great ifyou could explain things in a simple way so that we can follow along better.2. Give examples: When you teach us new concepts, it would be helpful if you could give us examples that we can relate to. This way, we can understand the topic better and remember it more easily.3. Encourage questions: Sometimes, we are afraid to ask questions in class because we think it might be a stupid question. But if you encourage us to ask questions, it will help us clarify any doubts we have.4. Use visuals: Visual aids like pictures, charts, and diagrams can help us understand complex ideas better. It would be great if you could use more visuals in your teaching.5. Be patient: Sometimes, we may not understand things right away. It would be nice if you could be patient with us and explain things again if needed.Thank you for listening to our suggestions. We believe that if you try these tips, our classroom teaching will be easier and more enjoyable for everyone.篇3Dear teacher,I want to tell you some ideas about how to make our class better. Sometimes I feel like it's hard to understand the lesson, so I have some suggestions for you.First, I think it would be cool if you could explain things in a simpler way. Sometimes the words you use are too hard for us to understand. Maybe you could use more examples or pictures to help us get it.Also, it would be great if you could give us more time to ask questions. Sometimes I feel like I don't have enough time to think of a question before you move on to the next thing. Maybe you could pause after explaining something and ask if anyone has any questions.I also think it would be fun if we could do more group activities. It's easier to learn when we work together with our friends. Maybe you could give us a project to do in groups so we can help each other out.Finally, I think it would be awesome if you could make the class more interactive. Sometimes it feels like we're just listening to you talk the whole time. Maybe you could ask us to do more hands-on activities or games to keep us engaged.I hope you can consider my ideas and make our class even better. Thank you for being a great teacher!Sincerely,[Your Name]篇4Dear teacher,I want to talk to you about something that is really important. Sometimes when you teach us in class, we feel a bit confused and don't understand everything. I have some ideas that might help make things better for all of us.First, I think it would be really helpful if you could go over things more slowly and explain them in a way that is easier to understand. Maybe we could also do more activities in class that help us practice what you are teaching. Like games or group work.Second, it would be great if you could give us more examples when you explain something. Sometimes it's hard to picture things in our heads unless we see a real-life example.Third, it would be awesome if you could check in with us more often to see if we have any questions or if we need help.We might be too shy to speak up in class, so it would be nice if you could ask us one-on-one.Lastly, I think it would be super cool if you could break up the lesson into smaller parts. Sometimes it's hard to focus for a long time, so if you could have more breaks in between, that would be great.Thank you for listening to my ideas, teacher. I really hope they can help us all learn better in class. We know you work really hard, and we appreciate everything you do for us.Sincerely,Your student.篇5Dear teacher,I want to talk to you about our class and how we can make it better together. I know you work really hard to teach us and help us learn, but sometimes I feel like things are difficult for us in the classroom.One thing that I think would help is if you could slow down a little when you are explaining things. Sometimes you talk really fast and I have a hard time keeping up. It would be great if youcould go a little slower and maybe repeat things a few times to make sure we all understand.I also think it would be helpful if you could give us more time to ask questions. Sometimes when I have a question, I feel like I don't have enough time to ask before we move on to the next thing. It would be nice if you could pause every now and then and ask if anyone has any questions.Another thing that I think would make a big difference is if you could use more examples when you are teaching. I find that I learn best when I can see how something works in a real-life situation. If you could give us more examples and maybe even let us try things out for ourselves, I think it would really help us understand better.I hope you don't think I am being rude or disrespectful by giving you these suggestions. I just want to do my best in class and I think these things would really help. Thank you for being a great teacher and for everything you do to help us learn.Sincerely,[Your Name]篇6Hey teacher, I wanna talk to you about something that's been on my mind. I know teaching can be tough sometimes, but I have some suggestions to make our lessons even better!First of all, I think it would be super cool if we did more hands-on activities in class. Like science experiments or art projects. It helps us learn better and makes boring subjects more fun for us. Plus, it's way easier to remember stuff when we actually get to do it ourselves.Also, I think we should have more group activities. Working in teams is awesome because we can help each other out and learn from each other. And it's way more fun than just listening to you talk all day!Oh, and can we please have more interactive lessons? Like using cool apps on the computer or playing games to review what we've learned. It makes learning more exciting and keeps us engaged in class.And lastly, I think it would be great if you could give us more real-life examples when you're teaching. It helps us understand the lesson better when we can see how it applies to the world outside of school.So yeah, those are just a few ideas I have. I hope you don't mind me sharing them with you. Thanks for listening, teacher!。
How to teach Listening and speaking
一 制定合适的目标： 阅读教材：理解内容，找到重难点
二 教学步骤有逻辑性： ①是否为本节课服务 ②是否体现教与学的过程 ③是否给学生思考时间和空间 ④各环节的质量性，时效性 ⑤设计从易到难，由浅入深，层层递进 ⑥衔接紧密，巧妙，自然，流畅 ⑦作业布置合理
1. How often do you teach listening in your classes?
2. How long are the scripts on average? 3. What type of activities do your students do?
4. What types of problems do they face usually?
Current situation
1.listening
2.speaking
Something
to think about: do we need to spend much time in teaching listening and speaking?
Teaching Listening
Problems & Solutions
Learning (many aspects) Accuracy VS fluency Chinese-English T confidence Myths Shyness Noise Evaluation
Teaching Speaking
如何设计好一堂英文课
教师自身素养 ①课堂驾驭和组织调控 ②语言运用能力：准确，流畅，有逻辑 ③课堂洞察力：学生反应与表达；教学活 动有效性 ④即兴的反应能力和应变能力
how to teach pronunciation
How to Teach PronuncitionWe know that it is essential for students to master the pronunciation if the learners want to learn English well.And it is always difficult and dull for beginner to learn it.Even though someone has learned English for many years ,it is hard to say that they really master the pronunciation.In fact , pronunciation is do difficult,however,I think the most important thing is how the teachers teach.If the teacher can adopt scientific method and try to take interesting steps,the students must be eager to learn .Here are several ways of how to teach pronuncition:Ⅰ.sing phonics cards that I've made. In basic classes, I practice the AEIOU sounds a lot.Ⅱ.I have student use mirrors. We have a list of difficult words and they watch me pronounce the words and try to copy the form of my mouth and tongue in the hand held mirrors .Ⅲ.Taping. We have a list of words and those words in a sentence. The students pass a microphone and each one reads the list of words and sentences and then we play it back and say stop when we thinksomeone was a bit off. I elicit the correct pronunciation and the student practices it again.Ⅳ.Listening to music with words. I recommend students do this to improve pronunciation & intonation.Ⅴ.Make sentances like, 'I walk to work', 'Where were you?', etc. with words that sound rather similar so that students have to really differentiate between the two, or more words and learn how to pronounce them in order to communicate. Practice one or two sentences per class. Have each student say it aloud.Ⅵ.Playing gamesRhyming pair gameThis activity is a pronunciation and memory game. It works best if you split the class into small groups. You will need to produce a set of cards for each group with one word on each card. The sets of cards should be made up of lots of rhyming pairs of words. For example:house, mousedie, crycook, bookwheat, sheetProcedureAsk each group to place all of their cards face down on the table.Students must take it in turns to turn over two cards. They must say the two words out loud to see if they rhyme. If the two cards rhyme, they can keep them.When there are no cards left on the table, each student counts how many cards they have to see who is the winner.For this activity students need to recognise that some words have a similar pronunciation even though the spelling is very different. For higher levels, include lots of difficult pairs of words. For example:town, nounturn, earnthough, lowsquare, airpaw, storesome, thumblake, breakYou can also play this game with homophone pairs instead of rhyming pairs. Begin by explaining what a homophone is. You can give examples in the students' own language and in English, emphasising that the words have the same sound, but not the same spelling or meaning. For example:o some, sumthrew, throughso, sewpair, pearright, writehare, hair.Thanks!。
How to improve the students’ listening ability
How to improve the students’ listening ability Abstract：It presents a detailed report of the project implemented to solve the problem that some of my students are limited in listening, which hinders their further English leaning. It is hypothesized that l earners’ interest in listening will be aroused and their listening ability will be improved by better-designed listening habits, study approaches and listening skills. This hypothesis is verified by a four-week classroom teaching of the newly designed word study approach exercises.Key Words：listening; approach; training; classroom如何提高学生的听力能力摘要：本论文以学生听力差从而影响他们进一步学习英语为中心，在解决实际问题和具体贯彻教学方案等方面做出了详细的研究。
论文中假设良好的听力习惯，训练方法和技巧定会激发学生的听力学习兴趣，并且定会提高他们的听力水平。
并以这个假设为前提，采用全新的教学计划，经过四周的课堂实践，从而证实这个假设的正确性。
关键词：听力；方法；训练; 课堂Contents1．Introduction (1)2．Problem (1)3．Problem Analysis (1)4．Project Objectives (2)5．Project Hypothesis (2)6．Project R ationale (2)7．Project Design (5)8．Project Implementation (6)9．Date Analysis (11)10．Project Evaluation (11)11．Conclusion (11)12．Bibliograph y (12)How to improve the students’ listening abilityIntroductionI teach English in Honghua middle school, and teach grade nine. I love English. I am proud of being an English teacher and have been teaching English for seven years. My students are energetic and full of sunlight. I love them. I’m so glad if each of them makes a little progress. Now they can remember almost the words of the textbook. They can also make their own conversations according to the subjects. The problem in English teachingThe purpose of middle school English teaching is to improve the students'' four skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing, with the base of necessary phonetics, large vocabulary and good grammar, But this is not the final purpose. The final purpose is to lot let students be able to use the language.Listening is a basic component in our communication, but for most middle school students, among listening, speaking, reading and writing skills, listening is the most difficult one, that is to say, it is their common weakness. After the exams, they often complained about listening comprehensions. They told me they couldn’t understand the listing text clearly. I know this is the problem that I should solve.Problem analysisI have done an investigation. About 71.2% of the students think that the most bot hering and most difficult is listening comprehension, and even some of them have diff iculty in understanding their teacher who gives lessons in English.Listening comprehension is a complex activity. It requires students to use their phonetics, vocabulary, grammar and background knowledge, so most students have many difficulties in listening comprehension. Many learners are afraid of listening, looking on it as more difficult than any other skills and pay more attention to training their ability to speak, read and write. At the same time, listening is often ignored by both teachers and students.What cause the students’ poor listening? In my opinion, these are the following factors:Objective cause：in rural middle school, we often use chalks, a blackboard and a tape to teach. We hardly have any modern teaching tools such as multi-medium. And there are different cultures between Chinese and westerners. The students know little about it.Subjective cause: the students are not interested in English .They think listening is unimportant. They pay less attention to it.Project objectivesTo arouse the students’ interest in listening learning.To correct the students’ bad habits in listening lear ning.To improve the students’ listening skills. Make they catch the key words and understand the main idea of the listening material.Project hypothesisI think students must be interested in them by playing the English songs and movies. They will like English, even like listening learning.The students always try their best to get the meaning of each word, each sentence .So tell the students the best way to listen to the tape and practice several times .The students will be easier to understand the main idea than before.The students not only remember the words of the textbook but also remember some words in other articles. If they do this, they will get over the difficult words they meet while they are listening.After class, they read English magazines and newspaper in order to enhance their knowledge about English cultural background.Project RationaleListening comprehension can be affected by various factors which include students’ basic ability, Chinese interference, listening strategies, background knowledge, and psychosocial factors. There are also other obstacles such as some new words, new sentence patterns, new grammar, or connecting and weak reading, lost tone and stress shifting in the listening material. All those will make the listener felldifficult to not understand the meaning of the material.Basic abilityPhonetics and phonology factor―According to an American scholar, Rita Wong, phonetics is crucial in listening comprehension. This is because sound is the direct medium of listening and speaking. Only by using correct sound, can we express our views and ideas accurately. Similarly, it is inevitably that poor pronunciation will cause aural difficulties in smooth acceptance of others’ ideas expressed in correct pronunciation.‖(马占祥, 2002:96) For example: the pronunciation is not accurate, especially for similar words. Such as: jeep-sheep; beat—bit; count—can’t; here—hair; much—March; quite—quiet; kitchen—chicken; mouth—mouse.V ocabulary factorDuring the process of listening comprehension, listeners should not only do the exercises of sound recognition, but also learn more vocabulary. Vocabulary is the building materials of languages, so students must master enough vocabularies if they want to improve their listening ability.Grammar factorGrammar plays an important part in the analysis of written sentence structure and sentence pattern. The purpose of the analysis is to comprehend the whole passage. The same is true of listening comprehension of sentence. Systematic grammar knowledge is like a strong frame of a building, it can help students to catch the implication of vocal sounds, and understand them well, and it also can tell students the tense, voice and mood. Let’s take an example: I should have studied last semester. If a learner well knows the function of the subjunctive mood, he or she can easily decode the implication of the speaker: he or she should study last semester, but he or she did not.Chinese interference―Still some students cannot directly understand English ma terials; they are used to translating English into Chinese while listening‖(池涌,2004:44). The students can not use English to think. When they hear the information which is transferred byEnglish, most students would translate the information into Chinese, and then understand the information, but during listening time is limited, they will miss a lot of information.Listening habitsDuring the listening process, the students should understand the general idea of the materials, and try to catch the major content, which is the key point. But many Chinese students have some bad habits while listening. The students always try their best to get the meaning of each words, each sentences. Sometimes when they meet a new word or a difficulty sentence, they will stop to think, then they can not catch up with the speed any more. Actually, it is unnecessary to know every word, every sentence, only should catch the main idea and grasp the major point, which is enough. Background knowledgeThe background knowledge is indispensable in listening comprehension. ―Language is a kind of cultu ral expression. It is very necessary for students to know some background about English countries, such as the history, culture, customs and habits, even life styles‖ (戴炜栋何兆熊,2002:28). Language is a kind of cultural expression. The relationship between language and culture is very close, and different countries have different cultures. It is necessary for students to know some background knowledge about the English countries.Psychological factorsListener’s listening ability is also influenced by psycholo gical factors. During listening, the listener may meet some words or sentences they do not know, it will make them feel very nervous. ―Anxiety has a negative effect on listening comprehension‖(闫美英, 2001: 69). Some students say that as soon as the listening is played, they become worried and afraid, even feel that they have nothing in minds. Some students are too eager to get high marks, but they are afraid that they can’t follow the exam content and listening speed, so they are over worried. As a result, they seem to have nothing in mind, and then they fail to catch the information which they need.Project DesignPeriod1-2Activity: development of interest and Triumph of psychology barriers.Objective: arouse the students’ interest and get over the psychology barriers. Procedure: teacher plays some English songs, games and movies.Materials: a tape recorder multi-medium.Time: 40min.Period3-4Activity: pronunciation training.Objective: to improve the students’ pronunciation.Procedure: training the students’ pronunciation and correct their wrong p ronunciation. Materials: a tape recorder a blackboard.Time: 40min.Period: 5-6Activity: enhancement of vocabularies and grammar knowledgeObjective: in order to improve their listening abilityProcedure: teacher explores new ways to teach students and explain the grammar that students often make mistakes.Materials: textbookTime: 50minPeriod7-8Activity: extension of cultural background knowledgeProcedure: reading some English newspapers, magazines and original novels, which contain a lot of information of English-speaking countriesMaterials: some English newspapers, magazines and so on.Time: 80minPeriod9-12Activity: listening practiceObjective: practice listening and find problemsProcedure: do four sets of listening practiceMaterials: a tape recorder listening papersTime: 80minProject implementation―Interest is the best teacher.‖ (Chinese saying) Cultivating students’ interest is a basic way for students to learn English better. Only in this way, students can be interested in listening. At first, I played an easy English song and write the lyrics on the blackboard. I asked my students to hum the song along the music. I found most of them clapped their hands and hummed. But still several students such as Wen Zhichao and Hu Chuanshuo kept silent and didn’t give any sign of understanding. So I asked them to work in pairs and one student teach the other how to sing in English ，and then take the turn. In this way Wen Zhichao and Hushuo began to sing in English. That’s great, they began to op en their mouths and show a little interest in English because they were laughing after they had had their turn. Then I played an English movie in spare time. Student took an great interest in it. Some of them tried repeating the words the person said in the movie. So that was the ready for the listening learning.The teacher should help their students to realize that although listening is very difficult, but it is the first step of any language learning. It is very important for students to have a good psychological state while listening. So teachers should help their students to build up confidence to overcome the difficult, and never give up. In traditional English class, teachers and students pay much attention to grammar, and many students are unwilling to open their mouths to speak English. They feel nervous and are afraid of making mistakes. All these factors hinder students’ listening comprehension. The teacher should combine speaking and listening together, encourage the students to speak out. Students will get good marks if they listen to the listening materials in a relaxed and pleasant mood. To arouse student’s interest in English, the teacher can choose some interesting materials for students to listen to, and the materials cannot be too difficult, or they will easily frustrate students’ confidence. So according to the material, we can complement some questions and use the forms of‖ ask and answer‖, retelling, reviewing to give more chances for studentso state their own opinions. In this way, not only can we encourage students to listen enthusiastically, but also can improve their spoken English. To make the teaching contents colorful and authentic. Teachers can use English songs or movies as an auxiliary method to arouse students’ interest in list ening. The teacher can also set some brainstorm questions which students are interested to discuss before listening, which will arouse their great interest in the topic. Students will try their best to state their own opinions. It is a good method to draw students’ attention to the listening text and also a good way to activate the atmosphere of the classroom.Pronunciation trainingIn order to improve the students’ pronunciation, the teacher should ask students to do more exercise. At the beginning of the listening training, teachers must introduce something about connecting reading, weak reading, lost tone and stress shifting, and pay more attention to the pronunciation and intonation, so that students can overcome the barriers in the English listening. For example, let them distinguish the difference between two minimal pairs, or to identify whether the two sounds are the same. Such as sixteen - sixty, cool – cold, nice – knife and so on. When I played the tape for the first time, many students confused when they heard them. They hardly wrote down correctly. I tried to play it again and again; finally, more than90% of them could write down all the words that they heard correctly. They looked glad because of successful.Enhancement of students’ vocabularies and grammar knowledgeV ocabularyV ocabulary is the foundation of a language. Listeners must have enough vocabulary for their improvement in listening because vocabulary affects listening directly. If students do not have enough vocabulary, when they come across some unfamiliar words or phrases they will feel nervous and miss some information, which will affect students’ global understanding of the listening text. Therefore, students must try every method to increase their vocabulary. To acquire a large vocabulary the students should accumulate every word they have learnt. Even if some students’ vocabulary is large enough, they can still come across new words. They must continuelistening, and try to use both linguistic and non-linguistic knowledge or cues which they can get in further listening to infer the information.In the past, students remembered the new words by the vocabulary list. In this way, it’s difficult to remember the words and forget them easily. Therefore, I explored new ways to teach students vocabularies and made students interested in memorizing words. For example, ask students to learn some words by heart through sentences, which helps students to remember the meaning of the words and its morphological features and usage in a concrete language background. For example, when I taught ―used to‖，―concentrate on ―,I let the students remember them in these sentences:―I used to be afraid of the dark‖―Our teachers believe that if we did that, we would concentrate more on our clothes than our studies.‖Because of this way to remember the new words, students made a great progress on remembering the words. They didn’t make sentences freely before, but after using this method to remember, students could make sentences with the words more easily than before.GrammarGrammar plays an important part in listening. Grammar can help the students to analyze sentence structure and pattern, and help them to understand the whole material. The purpose of recognition of the sentence pattern and capture of the key information is to understand the meaning of the speaker’s utterance. So students have to have a good command of the knowledge of grammar in order to improve their listening comprehension.In this part, I explained the differences among the different tenses.The present continuous tenseThe past Continuous TenseThe Present Perfect TenseThe Past Perfect TenseThe present perfect continuous tenseI showed them their structures and usages. And I gave them some excise to practice:1 What are you doing?I am watching (watch) TV.2 He was doing (do) his homework when the UFO arrived.3 Xu Mengru has learnt (learn) 1,000 words so far.4 The bus had already left when he got to the station.5 I have been collecting the shells for six years.Extension of students’ cultural background know ledgeThe teacher should encourage students to touch English as much as possible, such as reading some English newspapers, magazines and original novels, which contain a lot of information of English-speaking countries. The more students read, the more knowledge they know. I let students make full use of the English movies or TV programs to gain some background knowledge. All these aim at making students familiar with those English speaking culture and traditions besides what have been explained in the classroom. I think students who know more about western courtiers’ culture must do better than students who know little about western courtiers’ culture in listening comprehension. So students must read widely, enlarge common knowledge and pay attention to the currents and newest achievements of scientific culture.I found that students were interested in them. For example, different table manners between the Chinese and the westerners. We often use chopsticks to fetch the food, but in western countries, people use knives and forks.Listening practiceThis part contains four sets of listening practice. We should notice the following things before listening.1 Pre—listening activitiesFirst, the teacher can help their students become better predictor. If there is a picture with the listening passage, the students can be asked to predict what the passage will contain before they listen. If there is no picture, perhaps the teacher can find and draw a picture that fits the text. Second, the teacher should help the student to listen for the gist. The key is to ask students one or two questions that focus on mainidea or the tone or mood of the whole passage. Notice that students can answer the gist question even though they do not understand every word or phrase in the passage. Then, let students listening for specific information.2 While-listening activitiesIf the teacher provides a reason, goal, or task for the learner, this can encourage and help the listener to focus. In order to draw students’ attention, the tea cher can let students do some activities, such as listen and trick, listen and sequence, listen and act, listen and draw, listen and fill, listen and take notes.3 Post-listening activitiesPost--- listening, teachers can determine how well the students have understood what they listened to, but it is important to design the tasks well. ―One important point to keep in mind is whether we are testing the students’ listening comprehension or their memory. In fact, in real life, listener can remember the gist of the conversation, but cannot remember exactly what words were said. It is more natural to select and interpret what we hear rather than repeat everything we have heard Here are some types of post-listening activity, answering questions, note-taking, gap-filling and dictation.I gave the students four sets of papers. Each paper contained three parts. Part 1 was easy. That was to choose the correct answers according to the pictures.part2 were to choose the best answer according to the short dialogue. Part 3 was to listen a short passage and then wrote ―true‖ or ―false‖, this part was a little difficult for students to understand the main idea of the passage.When they did part 1, they wrote the answers quickly. They felt relaxed. Almost all the students did this part in the right way.When they did part 2, students felt a little difficulty because of the short dialogue. Sometimes they were afraid to choose the best answer. So it requires students to listen carefully and caught the key information. They should also understand what the question was in each dialogue. Just to do this, they would choose the best answers.When they did part 3, I found they couldn’t do each statement correctly. This part was very difficult for them. I plan to practice it frequently in the future.Date AnalysisProject EvaluationAs I expect,almost all the students make progress on the listening learning. I think the result is successful. These following statements are why it is a successful project.The helpful direction of the tutor.I had prepared enough before carrying out the project.The practice is based on the theory basis.My elder sister offers me some useful information.The student actively cooperated with me. During the whole process, they behaved well. No one talked when they listened to the tape.ConclusionBecause my students are limited in listening, which hinders their further English leaning; I designed this project with the help of the tutor. Acc ording to the students’situation, I gave them special listening training from the easy to the difficult. To begin with, I gave them some confusing words, then, short dialogues, passages. During the whole implementation, I watched every student’ behavior a nd offered help if they had any problems. I think listening practice is not a day or two days’ work. We should continue to practice in future. I hope my students must be overcome the difficulties in listening.Bibliography马占祥. Improving of Students’ Lis tening Comprehension. 内蒙古：内蒙古师范大学学报. 2002, 12:96池涌. 听力障碍与听力策略探析. 贵州: 毕节师范高等专科学校学报. 2004，3: 44 戴炜栋,何兆熊。
(完整版)《英语教学法》Unit_9_Teaching Listening
Principles behind the teaching of listening (Harmer, 1998:99-100)
1. The tape recorder is just as important as the tape
2. Preparation is vital 3. Once will not be enough 4. Students should be encouraged to
appropriate background knowledge & help Ss identify the purpose of the listening activity. The content is personally interesting and motivating. The speaker must be visible whenever possible. The activities must offer many environmental clues to meaning. The whole text should be given, and then divided into parts that can be repeated.
1. Lack of teaching materials; 2. Lack of equipment; 3. Lack of training in how to use the
equipment; 4. Listening is not included on many
important tests; 5. Lack of real-life situations where
intermediate, advanced) 2) the interest of the material
session 6 teaching listening
integrate
How do people process information
in listening comprehension
Bottom-up processing
Top-down processing
PP143-144
Bottom-up processing proceeds from sounds to words to grammatical relationships to lexical meanings, etc. to a final ‘message’. The process of comprehension begins with the message received, which is analyzed at successive levels of sounds, words, clauses, and sentences, until the intended meaning is arrived at. Comprehension is thus viewed as a process of decoding.
of mental frameworks that help us make
sense of new experiences.
(Nunan P201)
2.2 Different types of listening
• Example: • A: Let’s go outside. We could go for a walk. Maybe play tennis. • B: Look out the window. It’s raining. • A: Raining. Oh, no. • Listening for specific information? • Global/ Gist listening: general?
英语专业How-to-teach-English-重点笔记
How to teach?Abbreviation:PPP—presentation, practice, and productionOHP—The overhead projectorSARS—select, adapt, reject, supplement.ESL—English as a Second LanguageEFL—English as a Foreign LanguageNCTE—the foundation of National Council of Teachers of EnglishWriting symbols: S—Spelling….WO—word orderESA—Engage-study-activateEAP—English for Academic PurposeESP—English for Specific PurposeIATEFL--The International Association of Teachers of English as a Foreign LanguageTESOL—Teaching English to Speakers of other languageOHP—the overhead projectorOHTs—overhead transparenciesLCRA—Listening Comprehension Practice PageTTT—Teacher Talk TimeSTT—Student Talk Time(一)(二)(三)(四)Information gap (speaking activity) where two speakers have different parts of information making up a whole. Because they have different information, there is a ‘gap’ between them.—one popular information-gap activity is called ‘Describe and Draw’.P88(五)Information(一)Principles of Teaching Listening1) 1 The tape recorder is just as important as the tap2)Preparation is vital3)Once will not be enough4)Students should be encouraged to respond to the context of a listening, not just to the language.5)Different listening stages demand different listening tasks.4. Vary the materials in terms of speakers' gender, age, dialect, accent, topic, speed, noice level, genre,5. Always ask students to listen with a purpose and allow them to show their comprehension in a task.6. Language material intended to be used for training listening comprehension should never be presented visually first.(二)Principles of Teaching Speaking1)Be aware of the differences between second language and foreign language learning contexts.2)Give students practice with both fluency and accuracy3)Plan speaking tasks that involve negotiation for meaning.4)Design classroom activities that involve guidance and practice in both transactional and interactional speaking.(三)Principles of Teaching reading1)Reading is not a passive skill.2)Students need to be engaged with what they are reading.3)Students should be encouraged to respond to the content of a reading text, not just to the language.4)Prediction is a major factor in reading.5)Match the task to the topic.6)Good teachers exploit reading texts to the full.7)Exploit the reader’s background knowledge.(四)Principles of Teaching Writing1)Understand your students’ reasons for writin g.2)Provide opportunities for students to write – practice writing.3)Make feedback and correction helpful and meaningful: over-correction?4)Clarify for yourself, and for your students, how their writing will be evaluated.(五)Three special features about teaching listening1)Tapes go at the same speed for everybody.2)Students have to be encouraged to listen for general understanding first rather than trying to pick out details immediately.3)Spoken language has a number of unique features.(六)Four aspects that should be included in a teaching plan.1)Who – detailed information about the students.2)What – what do the teacher and students want to do?3)How – how should the teacher and students do it?4)To predict what might go wrong and how it can be dealt with.(七)Four Teaching methods and approaches that have influenced the current teaching practice.1)Grammar-translation method2)Audiolingualism3)Cognitive approach4)Humanistic approach5)Communicative language teaching6)Task-based teaching and learning(八)Four differences between teaching adults and teaching children1)Motivation---Adults are likely to be seeking educational solutions to help them get to where they want to be in life which they will have specifically outlined in their minds prior to joining your class2)Direction---As an instructor you can rely on adults to be more self-directed than children who will depend on you for focus and support.3)Trust---Adults are more likely to be skeptical about new information and will prefer to test out the information before they believe and accept it.4)Experience---Something to remember is that adults have a lot they can bring to the table and they will expect to be able to share their life experiences and knowledge in the learning environment.5)Feedback---Finally, adults will be more sensitive to errors and will take constructive criticism more personally.(九)Three reading skills that students need to acquire and explain each of them.1)To scan the text for particular bits of information they are searching for.—this means they do not have to read every word and line;2)To skim a text to get a general idea.3)To read for detailed comprehension.Or1)Scanning: for a specific focusThe technique you use when you're looking up a name in the phone book: you move your eye quickly over the page to find particular words or phrases that are relevant to the task you're doing.2)Skimming: for getting the gist of somethingThe technique you use when you're going through a newspaper or magazine: you read quickly to get the main points, and skip over the detail. It's useful to skim:Use skimming when you're trying to decide if a book in the library or bookshop is right for you.3)Detailed reading: for extracting information accuratelyWhere you read every word, and work to learn from the text.In this careful reading, you may find it helpful to skim first, to get a general idea, but then go back to read in detail. Use a dictionary to make sure you understand all the words used.(十)………………(十一) Four seating arrangements in the class1)Orderly rowsT The teacher and the students can see each other clearly. Discipline andpersonal contact is easy.T The teacher is working with the whole class and every student should be involved. T One trick that many teachers use is to keep their students guessing.2)Circles and horseshoesT The Round Table LegendT A far greater feeling of equalityT Lowering the barriers: greater opportunity to get close to the students.T All the students can see each other and various contacts are easier.3)Separate tablesT It is much easier for the teacher to work at one table while the others get on with their own work.T Students may not always want to be with the same colleagues.T It makes “whole-class” teaching more difficult, since the students are more separated.(十二)Four pieces of equipment that you can make use of in an English class.T The board/ the computer/ the dictionary/ the overhead projector/pictures and cards/ the tape recorder/ the radio playback machine/ the video camera/(十三) Two popular information-gap activitiesDescribe and Drawq One student has a picture.q The partner has to draw the picture without looking at the original.q The one with the picture will give instructions and descriptions, and the “artist” will ask questions and draw.q It is highly motivating, there is a real purpose for the communication (the information gap, completion of the task), and almost any language can be used. Remember to exchange the students’ roles if the activity is used more than once. Story-telling activityv Memorizev Regroupv Tell pictures and form a new storyThe final stories may be different. The groups tell the whole class what their version is, and the teacher can finally re-show the pictures.a)put the students into four groups, calling them A, B, C, D, and give one of the following pictures. The groups have to memorize everything they can about the pictures—who’s in them, what’s happening ect.b)The teacher now collects back the pictures and asks one student from each group (A, B, C and D) to form a new four-person group. The teacher tells them they have seen a different picture and asks them to talk with each other and tell a story.—the task is for students to work out what the story is. The only way they can do this is by describing their pictures to each other.c)The final version may be different. The groups tell the whole class what their version is. The teacher can finally reshow the picture.Jigsaw activity(十四) Three types of writing rubrics1)Non-weighted rubric: This type of rubric provides descriptions of writing quality by level across other writing criteria. A brief example of this type of rubric would look like the following:2)Weighted rubric: A weighted rubric is similar to the unweighted one, butit breaks the writing skills into categories and sub-categories. A specificpoint value is assigned to each. Converting the organization element of the non-weighted rubric on page 94 into an element in a weighted rubric might 3)Holistic rubric: A holistic rubric describes in general terms the qualities ofexcellent, good, fair, and unsatisfactory assignments. These descriptions can be tied to grades or stand on their own. The instructor then chooses thedescription that fits the assignment. An example of one part of a holisticrubric might look like this:(十五) Four alternatives that Neville Grant suggests when the teacher finds the textbook is inappropriate.q Omission –firstly, he or she might simply decide to omit the lesson.q Replacement –the second option is to replace the textbook lesson with one of the teacher’s own.q Addition – third is to add activities or exercises to what is in the book.q Adaptation—final is for the teacher to adapt what is in the book.(十六) Four characteristics of good learners.q A willingness to listen-listen to what’s going on.q..to experiment: many good learners are not afraid to ‘have a go’. prepared to take risks.q..to ask questions: constantly ask questions to know why.q..to think about how to learn: bring or invent their own study skills when they come to a lesson.q..to accept correction: are prepared to be corrected if it helps them.(十七) Four stages of choosing a textbook.1)Analysis—analyzes various books on offer for answers to questions needed to consider when choosing a textbook.2)Piloting –try out the book with a class to find its strengths and weaknesses. Maybe teach two different books to compare them.3)Consultation –consult any of their colleagues who have used the book to find out if it is right for them.4)Gathering opinions–anyone who might have an opinion on the book is worth speaking to. Their opinion is important for choosing a book.(十八) Three advantages of encouraging students to speak English in class1)Rehearsal: A free discussion outside the classroom and a real-life role-play inside the classroom may help students understand what communication is.2)Feedback: Speaking activities may provide feedback, which is beneficial to both students and teachers.3)Engagement: Speaking activities can be highly motivating and involve more participation and enjoyment.(十九) The natural order of language acquisition1)Be exposed to it2)Understand its meaning3)Understand its form (how it is constructed)4)Practice it(二十) The purpose of ‘activate’ activities:v Activate: to get students using language as freely and communicatively as they can; to try out real language use to rehearse for the real world.v Typical activate activities:q role-plays, where students act out as realistically as possibleq advertisement design, where students write and then record a radio commercialq debates and discussionsq“Describe and Draw”, where one student tries to get another to draw a picture without that other student being able to see the originalq story and poem writing or writing in groups(二十一) The purpose of ‘engage’ activities:to arouse the students’ interest, thus involving their emotions.Engage activities:1)Games, music, discussions, stimulating pictures, dramatic stories, amusing anecdotes.2)Students will be asked what they think of a topic before asking them to read about it.3)Students will look at the picture of a person and be asked to guess what hisoccupation is before they listen to that person on tape.4)Tell me and I forget, teach me and I remember, involve me and I learn. – The more time students spend in the stage of engagement, the better they learn.(二十二) Two principles of giving instructionsTwo: they must be kept as simple as possible, and they must be logical.The beat activity in the world is a waste a time if the students don’t understand what it is they are supposed to do.Ps. it is important for the teacher to check that the students have understood what they are being asked to do.(二十三) Three basic levels distinctions of language learners.1)Beginners: those who don’t know any Englis h at all. Success is easy to see at this level, and easy for the teacher to arrange. But then so is failure.2)Intermediate students: success is not easy to perceive here. Intermediate students have already achieved a lot. Gone are the days they could observe their progress almost daily. Sometimes, it may seem to them, they don’t improve that much or that fast anymore. We often call this the Plateau effect. We need to help them to set clear goals for themselves so that they have sth to measure their achievement by.3)Advanced students: they already know a lot of English. There is still danger of plateau effect. At the advanced level, we need to be able to show students what still has to be done and we need to provide good clear evidence of progress.。
建议朋友上课认真听讲不要玩手机的英语作文
建议朋友上课认真听讲不要玩手机的英语作文全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hey guys, today I want to talk about the importance of paying attention in class and not playing with our phones. It's super important to focus on what the teacher is saying because we can learn a lot of cool stuff!First of all, when we're playing with our phones, we're not paying attention to the teacher. This means that we might miss out on important information that could help us do well in our tests and assignments. If we're not listening, we might not understand what's going on in class and end up feeling confused.Another reason to put away our phones is that it's disrespectful to the teacher. They work really hard to teach us, and it's not fair if we're not giving them our full attention. We should show them that we appreciate all the effort they put into helping us learn.And finally, if we're always on our phones in class, we could end up missing out on making friends and having fun with ourclassmates. It's important to be present and engaged in what's happening around us so that we can have a great time together.So, let's all make a promise to put our phones away during class and really focus on what the teacher is saying. We'll learn a lot of awesome things and show our teachers that we respect them. Let's make the most of our time in school and have a blast learning together!篇2Hey guys! Today I wanna talk to you about something super important – listening in class and not playing with your phones.First of all, when we are in class, the teachers are trying to teach us important stuff that we will need to know for tests and exams. If we are always playing with our phones, we won't be able to pay attention and we might miss out on important information. So, it's really important to put your phone away and listen carefully to what the teacher is saying.Secondly, when we play with our phones in class, it can be really distracting to our classmates. They might get annoyed or find it hard to concentrate. And this can make it harder for them to learn too. So, by not playing with your phone, you are not only helping yourself but also helping your friends to learn better.Lastly, when we are constantly on our phones, we are not fully engaged in the lesson. This means that we are not making the most of our time in class and we might not fully understand the topic being taught. So, by listening carefully and taking proper notes, we can make sure that we are making the most of our time in class and learning as much as we can.So, let's all make a promise to each other to put our phones away during class and to listen carefully to what the teachers are saying. It will help us learn better and make our time in school more productive. Let's do our best to be great students and not let our phones distract us from our learning. Let's be awesome together!篇3Hey guys, I have a super duper important topic to talk about today. It's all about why we should listen in class instead of playing on our phones. I know it's tempting to check out the latest memes or play games, but trust me, paying attention in class is so much more important.First of all, when we listen in class, we can actually learn something new. Our teachers work super hard to prepare lessons for us, and it's not fair to them if we're not paying attention. Plus,learning new things can be super fun and interesting if we give it a chance.Secondly, if we don't listen in class, we might miss out on important information for tests and quizzes. And let's be real, nobody wants to fail a test just because we were too busy texting our friends. So let's put our phones away and focus on what the teacher is saying.Also, listening in class shows respect for our teachers and classmates. It's kind of rude to be on our phones while someone is trying to teach us something important. Let's show them the respect they deserve by paying attention and participating in class discussions.In conclusion, it's way better to listen in class than to play on our phones. We can learn new things, do better on tests, and show respect to our teachers and classmates. So let's all make an effort to focus in class and save the phone time for later. Thanks for listening, you guys rock!篇4Hey guys, do you want to know a secret to doing well in class? It's simple - pay attention and don't play on your phone during class! Today, I want to give some advice to my friends about whyit's important to listen in class and not get distracted by our phones.First of all, when we listen in class, we can learn a lot of new things. Our teachers are really smart and they have a lot of interesting things to teach us. If we're playing on our phones, we might miss out on some really cool information. Plus, if we listen carefully, we can remember the things our teachers say and maybe even use them in our homework or tests.Secondly, it's important to be respectful to our teachers. They work really hard to prepare their lessons and it's not fair to them if we're not paying attention. Imagine how you would feel if you were trying to teach someone something important and they were just playing on their phone and not listening. It's not a good feeling, right? So let's show our teachers that we appreciate them by listening and being engaged in class.Lastly, playing on our phones during class can be really distracting not only to ourselves, but also to our friends. When we're on our phones, we're not focused on what's going on in class and we might miss important instructions or information. Plus, it can be rude to our friends if we're not paying attention when they're trying to share something with us.So, my friends, let's make a commitment to put our phones away during class and really focus on what our teachers are saying. Let's show them that we care about learning and that we respect them as our teachers. By listening in class, we can improve our grades, learn new things, and show our friends and teachers that we're serious about our education.Let's do this, guys! Let's listen in class and say no to playing on our phones. We can do it!篇5Hey guys, I want to tell you about something super important – listening in class! It's really important to pay attention and not play on your phone during lessons. Here are some reasons why:Firstly, when you don't listen in class, you might miss out on important information. Your teacher is there to help you learn, so it's best to pay attention and take in everything they say. If you're on your phone, you could miss out on key points or instructions that could help you in your work.Secondly, playing on your phone during class can be really distracting for both you and your classmates. It's hard to concentrate when there's a phone buzzing or someone's playinga game nearby. By focusing on the lesson, you can help create a more peaceful and productive environment for everyone.Lastly, listening in class shows respect to your teacher. They work hard to prepare lessons and help you learn, so it's important to show them that you appreciate their efforts. By paying attention and participating in class, you're showing that you value their work and are eager to learn.So next time you're in class, put away your phone and focus on what your teacher is saying. It will help you learn better, create a more positive classroom environment and show respect to your teacher. Let's all work together to make the most of our time in school!篇6Hey guys, do you know what's super important when you're in class? Listening carefully to the teacher and not playing with your phones! I want to give you all some advice on why it's so important to pay attention in class.First of all, when you listen to the teacher, you can learn a lot of new things. The teacher is there to help you understand all the cool stuff in your textbooks, so it's really important to pay attention to what he or she is saying. If you're playing with yourphone or not paying attention, you might miss out on some really interesting facts and information.Secondly, listening in class can help you do better on your tests and exams. If you're not paying attention, you might not understand the lesson and then you'll have a hard time studying for your tests. But if you listen carefully in class, you'll understand the material better and you'll be able to do well on your tests.Lastly, it's important to respect your teacher and your classmates by not playing with your phone in class. When you're using your phone, you're not only disrespecting the teacher, but you're also distracting your classmates. It's not fair to them if you're playing games or texting during class.So my advice to all of you is to put away your phones and listen carefully in class. You'll learn a lot, do better on your tests, and show respect to your teacher and classmates. Let's all work hard together to be great students!。
教学法Unit 9 Teaching Listening
While-listening
D. ticking off items: based on a list of words which the learners listen to and tick off or categorize as they hear them E. T/F exercises F. detecting mistakes (1)without text: students listen to longer passages, responding only when they come across sth. wrong(errorneous detail, mistake in terms of reality, a word not go with what was said before) (2) with a written text: cross out words and put in the correct words G. listen and take notes
While-listening
No specific responses: a. listening aided by visuals: learners look at visual material (pictures, maps, plans, grids, etc.) while simultaneously following a spoken description of it. b. stories: let students listen to them for fun C. songs: for the sake of their pleasure-giving and cultural value D. films and television programs: based on good stories or interesting topics
英语听说技能的教学ppt课件
(2) To listen successfully, students should not only understand the language itself but have knowledge of such things as the topic, the context, the speakers and so on. 成功的听者不仅需要理解语言，还需要具有有关 话题、情境、言者等方面的知识。
(4)A housewife listens to her neighbor’s greeting in a supermarket.
(5)An old lady listens to a radio drama.
(6)A man who can judge for himself the weather conditions still listens to a stranger remarking “The weather is fine, isn’t it?”
(2) 在听之前提出几个相关问题或布置听力任务，以便学生在 听的过程中有的放矢。
(3) 在听的过程中允许学生及时反馈信息。
5. Principles for teaching listening听力教学的原则
• Integrate listening and speaking 听说结合
• Understanding the meaning first 侧重于意义理解
(5) The listener can’t control the way to present the listening materials. 听者无法控制语言材料的呈现的方式
4)The factors that influence the listening comprehension 影响听力理解的因素
英语教师职称评定答辩题
中小学教师职称评定英语xx 争辩题〔三〕1.How to Teach pronunciationa1.As a teacher, you must get some knowledge of phonetic rules Ask the students to follow and make use of the rules in your class.Besides your knowledge, you must use some techniques. Ask the studentsto follow the tape, not your reading. If possible,you can ask the students to listento English programmes on the radioForm a habit of listening before reading. Imitate the native speakers, make sure the pronunciation of each word, imitate the intonation of each sentence, and then begin to read bythemselves.You must allow some time for the students to read aloud. Check their pronunciation mistakes if any.2.How to improve students tening’ lisability1.First of all, as a teacher, you must use English as much as possible.2.Emphasis the phonetic teaching, make every student have a perfect pronunciation. Good pronunciation is important for their listening .e various ways in class to make students confident in listening. From words, sentences to passages.4.Teach the students some techniques. Ask students to take notes when necessary.5.Give them enough listening practice3.How to Teach English GrammarTeaching children English grammar can be a hard task for two main reasons. First, English grammar rulers are quite different from Chinese. Second, learning all of these rules can be boring.However, teaching English grammar can be done like this.1. Find some sentences for the students to watch by themselvesAsk them to find the grammar rules, Don' t tell them the rulesdirectly.2.Don t teach too many grammar rulers in one class. Ask themto grasp one or two rules in one class, and learn to use them.After a few days, teach them another.3.Give them more chances to use the rules. Written exercisesand spoken exercises are both efficiently. Don' t make themdo too many multiple choices.4.Ask Ss to read grammar books by themselves and then askthem to answer some questions next time, self-study habits areimportant in grammar teaching classes.4.How to teach new words1.Teach news words in a sentence, making them guess the meaning first, Sometimes you can use pictures, gestures to help you2. Ask them make sentences after the models. Grasp the usage is the most important.5.Ask the students to follow you to read the news words until they havethe correct pronunciation of the word.5.How are you going to give| essons to your students?你打算怎么样给学生上课?I think i am going to use all kinds of materials that are available like CD player, pictures, word cards, TV, magazines, games ects in my lessons.I am going to use different teaching meathods to help children with different learning styles6.How are you going to keep your lessons interesting?如何将你的课上得幽默?I will try my best to use all the teaching methodologies.I learned at school to teach each child. Stories, poems, riddles, jokes songs are all good for little kids. I wil! Have them practice English as a whole class, group work, pair work or independent work. Whatever works out for the children I will do it. There is never one way to success7.What is the difference between teaching students in elmentary school andin junior high school?你感觉教小学跟教中学生有什么不同样?well, when teaching elmentary school kids a teacher has to be morepatient. He/she has to use lots of songs, games, body language to helpstudent learn English. The forms of each lesson should be differentTeaching junior high school kids is a little bit different. I can introduce some grammer. I can give them more written work and I can have more discussionswith the children8.你教了几年书 ?How long have you been teaching? I have been teaching for...9.有教小学的经验吗 ?Did you have any experiences teaching in elementary school/primary school? Yes, I did. OrNo, I didn ’ t.10.能否示范一下 ?Can you demonstrate one lesson? Sure. If I teach days of the week, I willteach children a song: Sunday, Monday...用( twinkle twinkle little star 的 tune)11.英语学科争辩题目1.How can you deal with the new words in the reading lesson skillfully?2.Can you tell me the differences between ESL and EFL?3.In your opinion, what’ s the best proportion of the teachers’ lang English lesson?4.Can you tell me the teacher’ s roles in class activities?5.Input and output, which one is more important in language learning?6.What are students? And what are teachers?7.What is language knowledge?8.What are language skills?9.Can you tell me some ways of leading-in a new lesson?10. Can you tell me some methods of English teaching and learning?11.What is the real meaning of“ literacy〞in senior English teaching and learning？12.Teaching and learning are the two sides of a corn. How do you think of it?13. “ Reading makes a full man.〞As a senior English teacher, how do you think it？14.Tell me something about yourself professional improvement？15.How do you often do to help your students learn English out of school?16.What do AE, BE and CE stand for?17.What do SC and TC stand for?18.What is the relationship between knowledge and skills?19.Say the following in English;合作学习，任务型阅读，国家英语课程标准，素质教育，参加，互动，模块授课。
英语教学法教程TeachingListening
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9.5.1 Predicting
• Good listeners are good predictors. • Teachers should design activities to help ss predic t the content of what they are about to
1. Spontaneity Most of the time we listen to people speaking spontaneously and informally without rehearsing.
2. Context Is usu known to both L and S, which helps predict what we are going to hear.
3. Visual clues The visual clues such as facial expressions, gestures and other body language as well as the surrounding environment help us understand and predict what we h e a r.
3. Focus on comprehension of meaning: listening comprehension, not memory checking.
4. Grade difficulty level appropriately: 3 major factors –1)type of language used; 2) task or purpose in listening; 3) context in which the listening occurs.
如何成为一名好老师高中满分英语作文4篇
如何成为一名好老师高中满分英语作文4篇好老师，心中要有爱，这种爱不仅是对工作的热爱，更是对学生的关爱。
请你就如何成为一名好老师写一篇英语作文吧。
下面店铺给大家带来如何成为一名好老师高中满分英语作文，供你参阅。
如何成为一名好老师高中满分英语作文篇一How to Be a Good TeacherTeaching is the greatest profession under the sun, because nothing is more important than education to a nation. Sometimes, it seems easy to be a teacher, but I always find it’s difficult, because only knowledge can’t make us a good teacher.教学是天底下最伟大的职业，因为对一个国家来说没有什么比教育更重要。
有时候成为一名教师似乎很容易，但是我总觉得很难，因为只有知识并不能让我们成为一名好老师。
As teachers, we must not only have a wide range of knowledge, but also have comprehensive skills and positive attitudes. For one thing, we must be equal to every student. Don’t judge the students by their grades and b ehaviors. Our duty is to educate them, not to criticize them. For another, we are no longer the candles, but the matches. We shouldn't do the presentation work all the time in class. We must give the classes to the students. For example, we should make a real atmosphere to attract the students’ interests. Since most students like doing things with their hands, we can assign them some tasks to do. Sometimes we can also do some activities with them. I believe the students will learn best when they are happy.作为教师，我们不仅要有广博的知识，而且还要具有全面的综合能力和积极向上的态度。
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How to teach listening?
As a teacher, teaching is not only to help them pass the exams, but also to prepare them to use English in real life. So it is very important for us to think about the situations they will listen to English in real life and then to think about the listening exercises we do in class. And as a junior middle school English teacher, we should think how to teach and improve students’ listening ability. For teaching language learners, we often use three stages in listening activities. They are pre-listening, while-listening, and post-listening. So I will talk about how to teach class English listening practice with the following three steps.
First, I will talk about pre-listening activities.
The type of pre-listening activity is to predict. Research in listening has shown that good listeners are good predictors. By helping our students become better predictors, we are helping them become better listeners. There are many different activities that can be used to encourage students to predict the content of what they are about to hear. For example, we have listening materials with a picture in which has three boys are greeting with each other. . We can guide the students to make predictions based on the pictures: Where are they? What are they doing? What is the relationship among them?
Second, I want to talk about while-listening activity.
The while-listening stage is the most difficult for the teacher to control, because this is where the student needs to pay attention and process the information actively. However, if the teacher provides a reason, goal or task for the learner, this can encourage and help the listener to focus. There are many different kinds of tasks for students to do while they are listening to a passage. The teachers can get the Ss to listen to the listening materials without any demands for the first time so that the students may concentrate their attention on the process completely, then make them try to understand the materials, listening class of English can made Students focus their attention on English listening, meanwhile make them think in English. Certainly the listening comprehension will be improved. And we can ask the Students to do some exercises while listening.
Then, I say something about post-listening activities
On the third stage, the teachers may learn about how well the students understand the materials through different exercises.
Multiple choice questions Multi-choice are the most typical form to check up the listening ability. But the design of the exercise forms should be decided according to the practical appliance in real life.
During the listening training, it is very important for us to teach the students how to do the listening. We should teach the students to focus their attention on the content and the general ideas of the listening materials. We should not ask them to focus on the language and details.
As we all know, listening is special ability training, the teacher can adopt the combination of scattering and concentration. During the training, we should scatter the listening contents to situation, grammar, sentence patterns, pronunciation, new words, dialogues and the passage, and then solve them separately. The students can pay more attention to the listening, maybe they will be tired after they listen for a long time. I think it is an effective way to have the scattering training, but it isn’t enough, we can also adopt the concentration training, giving the Students a systematic guide and arrangement and combining the scattering with the concentration. We believe a better understanding of the listening process and the spoken language will help us to understand the difficulties that students experience in developing listening skills. We should design better listening activities for our students. We can focus on a variety of activities in teaching listening.
English is a language, The teachers must pay special attention to the teaching art and strategies to arouse interesting. The teachers should make these in a mood of learning English actively and help them to build up their self-confidence gradually, obtaining the English language in a good mood.。