Long-term constipation can lead to the formation of gastric polyps
统考英语B阅读理解10篇(附答案及译文)
"阅读理解"1. "One day a bookseller(书商）let a big box of books fall on his foot. \"Go to see the doctor,\" said his wife. \"No\" he said. \"I'll wait until the doctor comes into the shop next time. Then I'll ask him about my foot. If l go to see him, I'll have to pay him.\"On the next day the doctor came into the shop for some books. When the bookseller was getting them ready, he told the doctor about his bad foot. The doctor looked at it.\"You must put that foot in hot water every night. Then you must put something on it, \"said the doctor.He took out a piece of paper and wrote on it. \"Buy this and put it on the foot before you go to bed every night. \" he said. \"Thank you, \"said the bookseller.\" And now, sir, here are your books.\"How much?\" said the doctor.\"Two pounds.\"\"Good,\" said the doctor. \"I shall not have to pay you anything.\"\"Why?\" asked the bookseller.\"I told you about your foot. I want two pounds for that, If people come to my house. I ask them to pay one pound for a small thing like that. But when I go to their houses. I want two pounds. And I came here didn't l?"译文:"一天，一位书商让一大箱书砸到了他脚上。
雷诺氏病的主要治疗药物
硬皮病主要治疗药物Raynaud’s Phenomenon雷诺氏现象Calcium Channel Blockers钙通道阻滞剂These medications are used to treat Raynaud’s phenomenon and reduce high blood pressure, a condition that increases the workload of the heart and arteries and can lead to malfunction of these organs. Calcium channel blockers affect the movement of calcium into the cells of the heart and blood vessels, increasing the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart while reducing the heart’s workload. These drugs can relax blood vessel muscles and may slow the heart rate.Side effects: The most common side effects are swelling of ankles, feet or lower legs, low blood pressure, constipation and nausea. Calcium channel blockers may aggravate esophageal reflux. Less common are chest pain; dizziness, lightheadedness or fainting; and rash. Rare reactions include swelling of arms, face, legs, lips, tongue or throat; shortness of breath; rapid heart rate.Form:OralCommon brand names: nifedipine (Procardia®, Adalat®), amlodipine (Norvasc®), diltiazem (Dilacor XR®, Cardizem®, Tiazac®), verapamil (Calan®, Verelan®, Isoptin®), felodipine (Plendil®), nisoldipine (Sular®), bepridil (Vascor®), isradipine (DynaCirc®), nicardipine (Cardene®), nisoldipine (Sular®), prazosin (Minipress®)Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂These drugs relax blood vessels by blocking the action of a natural chemical inside the body that narrows blood vessels, leading to high blood pressure.Side effects: Headache is most common; less common are cough, fever or sore throat, dizziness, back pain, nasal congestion.Form: OralCommon brand names: losatan (Cozaar®), valsartan (Diovan®)Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）抑制剂ACE inhibitors block the formation of an enzyme in the body that narrows blood vessels. This causes the blood vessels to relax and lowers blood pressure, increasing the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart.Side effects: Swelling of face, mouth, hands or feet; dizziness, lightheadedness or fainting; skin rash, fever or joint pain. Confusion, irregular heartbeat, nervousness, numbness or tingling in hands, feet orlips, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, weakness or heaviness of legs can be sig ns of too much potassium in the body, caused by the medication.Form: OralCommon brand names: captopril (Capoten®), benazepril (Lotensin®), lisinopril (Prinivil®, Zestril®), ramipril (Altace®), enalapril (Vasotec®)Joint Stiffness and Pain关节僵硬和疼痛NSAIDS非类固醇消炎药Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used to relieve some symptoms caused by arthritis (rheumatism), such as inflammation, swelling, stiffness and joint pain. For some people with certain medical conditions, NSAIDS can lead to the development of stomach bleeding and kidney disease. The risk is increased for people who take the product daily or regularly, particularly for those 65 and over or who take corticosteroids such as Prednisone.Side effects: The most common side effects are abdominal or stomach cramps, pain or discomfort (mild to moderate); diarrhea (if taking mefenamic acid, stop taking it and check with your doctor immediately); dizziness, drowsiness or lightheadedness; headache (mild to moderate); heartburn, indigestion, nausea or vomiting.Form: OralCommon brand names: aspirin (Bayer®, St. Joseph’s®), ibuprofen (Advil®, Motrin®), naproxen (Naprosyn®, Aleve®), nabumeton (Relafen®), flurbiprofen (Ansaid®), fenoprofen (Nalfon®), diclofenac (Voltaren®, Cataflam®), meloxicam (Mobic®), diclofenac and misoprostol (Arthrotec®), diclofenac sodium (Voltaren®), etodolac (Lodine®), indomethacin (Indocin®), ketoprofen (Orudis®), ketorolac (Toradol®), oxaprozin (Daypro®), piroxicam (Feldene®), suldinac (Clinoril®)COX-2 InhibitorsCOX-2抑制剂These drugs work by blocking the COX-2 enzyme which is involved in the inflammation pathway. COX-2 inhibitors are used to relieve symptoms such as inflammation, swelling, stiffness and joint pain. They are a type of NSAID.Caution: If you are using a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) such as celecoxib (Celebrex®), with an ACE inhibitor, some studies suggest that NSAIDs may reduce the effectiveness of the ACE inhibitor. Consult your physician.Side effects: The most common side effects are back pain, dizziness, gas, headache, heartburn, insomnia, nausea, pain or burning in throat, stomach pain and stuffy or runny nose.Form: OralCommon brand names: celecoxib (Celebrex®)Analgesics镇痛药Acetaminophen is an analgesic used to relieve pain (headaches, muscle aches) and reduce fever. Unlike aspirin, it does not relieve redness, stiffness or swelling, though it may relieve the pain caused by mild forms of arthritis. This medicine is available without a prescription; check with your physician, however, if you are taking other medications.Using too much acetaminophen can lead to serious liver damage (this risk is increased in people who use alcohol regularly). Avoid taking multiple medications that contain acetaminophen.Side effects: Though rare, check with your doctor as soon as possible if any of the following side effects occur: bloody or black, tarry stools; bloody or cloudy urine; fever with or without chills (not present before treatment and not caused by the condition being treated); pain in lower back and/or side (severe and/or sharp); pinpoint red spots on skin; skin rash, hives or itching; sores, ulcers or white spots on lips or in mouth; sore throat (not present before treatment and not caused by the condition being treated); sudden decrease in amount of urine; unusual bleeding or bruising; unusual tiredness or weakness.Form: OralCommon brand names: acetaminophen (Tylenol®, Datril®, Aceta®), tramadol (Ultram®)Low-Dose Corticosteroids低剂量的皮质类固醇These cortisone-like medicines are used to provide relief for inflamed areas of the body by lessening swelling, redness, itching and allergic reactions. They are often used as part of the treatment for a number of different diseases, such as severe allergies or skin problems, asthma or arthritis.Caution: Corticosteroids are very strong medicines. In addition to their potential helpful effects, they have side effects that can be very serious. Glucocorticosteroids, also sometimes used to trea t pulmonary fibrosis, have been found to increase risk of scleroderma renal crisis and should be used with caution and only in select cases under close observation such as frequent blood pressure checks. Be sure that you discuss the risks and benefits of this medicine with your doctor.Corticosteroids may lower your resistance to infections and any infection you get may be harder to treat. Always check with your doctor as soon as possible if you notice any signs of a possible infection, such as sore throat, fever, sneezing or coughing.Side effects: The most common side effects are increased appetite, indigestion, nervousness or restlessness. Less common or rare are darkening or lightening of skin color, dizziness or lightheadedness, flushing of face or cheeks, increased joint pain (after injection into a joint), increased sweating and/or the sensation of spinning.Form: Oral; injectedCommon brand name: PrednisoneNarcotics毒品Narcotic analgesics act in the central nervous system to relieve pain. Many of their side effects are also caused by actions in the central nervous system. When narcotics are used for long periods of time, your body may become dependent upon them and require higher dosage to relieve pain. They may also become habit-forming, causing mental or physical dependence. Physical dependence may lead to withdrawal symptoms when you stop taking the medicine.Side effects: Dizziness, light-headedness or feeling faint, drowsiness, nausea or vomiting. Less common or rare side effects are blurred or double vision or other changes in vision, constipation (more common with long-term use and with codeine), decrease in amount of urine, difficult or painful urination, dry mouth, false sense of well-being, frequent urge to urinate, general feeling of discomfort or illness, headache, loss of appetite, nervousness or restlessness, nightmares or unusual dreams, redness, swelling, pain or burning at place of injection, stomach cramps or pain, trouble sleeping, unusual tiredness or weakness.Form: Oral; patch; injection; suppositoryCommon brand names: acetaminophen/oxycodone (Percoset®), acetaminophen/hydrocone (Vicodin®), oxycodone hydrochloride (Oxycontin®, OxylR®)Gastrointestinal Reflux肠胃返流Antacids抗酸Antacids work by neutralizing excess stomach acid to relieve heartburn, sour stomach or acid indigestion. These medicines are available without a prescription. However, your doctor may have special instructions on the proper use and dose of these medicines.Side effects: Chalky taste. Less common side effects are mild constipation, diarrhea and/or increased thirst.Form: OralCommon brand names: Maalox, Mylanta, Phillips, Gaviscon, Rolaids, TumsH2 BlockersH2受体阻滞剂Histamine H2-receptor antagonists, also known as H2-blockers, work by decreasing the amount of acid produced by the stomach. In over-the-counter strengths, these medicines are used to relieve and/or prevent heartburn, acid indigestion and sour stomach.Side effects: Though uncommon, side effects may include constipation, diarrhea, difficult urination, dizziness, drowsiness, dryness of mouth or skin and/or headache.Form: OralCommon brand names: nizatidine (Axid®), famotidine (Pepcid®), cimetidine (Tagamet®), ranitidine (Zantac®)Proton Pump Inhibitors质子泵抑制剂These medications decrease stomach acid production, minimizing gastrointestinal reflux disease, and help prevent esophageal ulcers.Side effects: Though uncommon, side effects may include headache, diarrhea and/or constipation. Be aware of the increased risk of fractures of the hip, wrist and spine seen in some observational studies in patients using proton pump inhibitors.Form: OralCommon brand names: omeprazole (Prilosec®; Prilosec® OTC is available over-the-counter; Zegerid® is an immediate-release form of omeprazole), lansoprazole (Prevacid®), esomeprazole (Nexium®), rabeprazole (Aciphex®), pantoprazole (Protonix®)Intestinal Dysfunction肠功能紊乱Prokinetic Agents促动力剂Metoclopramide is a medicine that increases the movements or contractions of the stomach and intestines. When given by injection, it is used to help diagnose certain problems of the stomach and/or intestines. Metoclopramide is also used, for a short time, to treat symptoms such as heartburn in patients who suffer esophageal injury from a backward flow of gastric acid into the esophagus.Side effects: Diarrhea—with high doses, headache, drowsiness and/or restlessness. Less common are breast tenderness and swelling, changes in menstruation, constipation, increased flow of breast milk, mental depression, nausea, skin rash, trouble sleeping, unusual dryness of mouth and/or unusual irritability.Form: Oral; injectionCommon brand names: bethanecol (Urecholine®), metoclopramide (Reglan®)Somatostatin Agonist生长抑素激动剂This medication, octreotide, is used for severe impairment of intestinal movement. Octreotide will be either injected subcutaneously (beneath the skin) or added to an intravenous drip for 15-30 minutes, one to four times a day. Your physician may measure the effectiveness and side effects of your treatment using laboratory tests and physical examinations.Side effects: Side effects from octreotide are not common, though pain or burning at the injection site may last for up to 15 minutes. Tell your physician if any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away: upset stomach, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, bloating, flatulence, loss of appetite or increased hunger.Form: IntravenousCommon brand name: octreotide acetate (Sandostatin®)Antibiotics抗生素Reduced movement of the intestines can lead to bacterial overgrowth which in turn can lead to diarrhea and impaired absorption. The bacteria can be treated by antibiotics, which are best prescribed on a rotational basis to help prevent development of resistant strains.Side effects: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and/or skin rash. Prolonged use may be complicated by superinfection—a condition produced by sudden growth of a type of bacteria, different from the original offenders.Form: Oral; injection; intravenousCommon brand names: amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin®), ampicillin, metronidazole (Flagyl®), tetracycline, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin (Cipro®), clarithromyacin (Biaxin®), azithromycin (Zithromax®)Back to TopRenal (Kidney) Involvement and High Blood Pressure高血压肾病Scleroderma patients generally have low blood pressure, so even modest increases in blood pressure could be a signal of an impending renal crisis and should be addressed immediately. The best way to treat renal crisis in scleroderma is to control the patient’s blood pressure, often with a short-acting ACE inhibitor such as captopril.Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）抑制剂ACE inhibitors block the formation of an enzyme in the body that narrows blood vessels. This causes the blood vessels to relax and lowers blood pressure, increasing the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart.Caution: Do not use ACE inhibitors if you are pregnant, intend to become pregnant or think you are pregnant. In pregnant women, ACE inhibitors can lower blood pressure to dangerously low levels and/or cause malformation of fetuses. For more information, see the package insert for the drug or contact your doctor. If you are using a non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drug like celecoxib (Celebrex®) while you are taking an ACE inhibitor, be aware that the NSAID may reduce the effectiveness of the ACE inhibitor to control hypertension. Consult your physician.Side effects: Swelling of face, mouth, hands or feet; dizziness, lightheadedness or fainting; skin rash; fever or joint pain. Confusion, irregular heartbeat, nervousness, numbness or tingling in hands, feet or lips, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, cough, weakness or heaviness of legs can be signs of too much potassium in the body, caused by the medication.Form: OralCommon brand names: captopril (Capoten®), benazepril (Lotensin®), lisinopril (Prinivil®, Zestril®) ramipril (Altace®), enalapril (Vasotec®), quinapril (Accupril®), fosinopril (Monopril®), moexipril (Univasc®), trandolapril (Mavik®)Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension肺动脉高压Pulmonary hypertension results from high blood pressure that occurs in the main artery that carri es blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs. When the smaller blood vessels in the lungs become more resistant to blood flow, the right ventricle must work harder to pump blood through the lungs. Prostaglandin Derivatives前列腺素衍生物Epoprostenol belongs to the group of agents called prostaglandins, which occur naturally in the body and are involved in many biological functions. Epoprostenol works by relaxing blood vessels and increasing blood to the lungs.Side effects: With initial dosage adjustments and/or dosage excess: diarrhea, rapid heartbeat, headache, light-headedness or fainting, nausea, redness of face or neck (flushing) and/or vomiting. More common side effects are anxiety and/or nervousness; diarrhea; dizziness; flu or infection-like symptoms, such as chills, confusion, delirium, light-headedness or fainting, rapid heartbeat, fever and/or rapid, shallow breathing; headache; jaw pain (when chewing); local infection at the catheter site; pain at injection site; pain in muscles or bones; redness of face (flushing); unusual bleeding such as nosebleeds or bleeding gums or bruising.Form: Epoprostenol must be administered continuously by a portable pump that is operated by a small computer. The medicine will be delivered directly to the heart through a catheter that will be inserted into a vein in the chest.Common brand name: Flolan®Treprostinil前列腺素？Treprostinil also belongs to the prostaglandin group. It is used to treat symptoms of primary pulmonary hypertension by relaxing blood vessels and increasing the supply of blood to the lungs, thus reducing stress on the heart.Side effects: Aside from infection from bacteria at the site of infusion, the most common include edema (swelling); accumulation of blood, and/or dry, red, hot or irritated s kin and/or hardening of skin at infusion site; flushing, faintness, dizziness or lightheadedness. Less common are blurred vision, confusion, dizziness; sudden sweating; unusual tiredness or weakness.Form: Must be administered by continuous intravenous infusionCommon brand name: Remodulin®Iloprost伊洛前列素Iloprost is a stable, inhalable form of prostacyclin, an imitator of prostaglandin. Its relaxing effect on the blood vessels is similar to a prostaglandin. The advantage of inhaled iloprost is that it is introduced directly to the lungs, thus avoiding potential side effects to the rest of the body.Side effects: Headache, cough, flushing, jaw pain, low blood pressure, spasm of jaw muscles and/or influenza-like syndrome.Form: InhaledCommon brand name: Ventavis®Endothelin Receptor Antagonists内皮素受体拮抗剂These drugs work by preventing a small protein, endothelin-1, from binding to its receptors. By blocking the endothelin receptors, the blood supply to the lungs increases and workload of the heart decreases.Side effects: Possible serious side effects include liver toxicity and birth defects. Other side effects include blurred vision, confusion, dizziness, dark urine, faintness or lightheadedness, fever, chills, light colored stools, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, stomach pain, sudden sweating, unusual tiredness or weakness an/or yellow eyes or skin. Swelling is less common.Form: OralCommon brand names:bosentan (Tracleer®), ambrisentan (Letairis®)Phosphosdiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitorsPDE5抑制剂PDE type 5 inhibitors prevent the metabolism of a signaling molecule called cGMP. Treatment with a PDE type 5 inhibitor builds up cGMP. cGMP relaxes smooth muscles, so arterial blood flow increases in the lungs and pulmonary arterial hypertension decreases.Caution: Do not take PDE type 5 inhibitors with nitroglycerin or other nitrates as the combination of drugs may lower blood pressure to dangerous levels.Side effects: Headache, facial flushing, nosebleeds, insomnia and upset stomach. Less common side effects are bluish or blurred vision, or sensitivity to light.Form: OralBrand name: sildenafil citrate (Revatio®), tadalafil (Adcirca®)Pulmonary Fibrosis (Alveolitis)肺纤维化（肺泡炎）Immunosuppressants免疫抑制剂This class of drugs works by weakening the body's immune system so it will not attack a transplanted organ or the body’s own tissue in the case of autoimmune diseases.Caution: Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan®, Neosar®), mycophenolate mofetil (CellCept®), azathioprine (Imuran®) should not be given if you are pregnant, intend to become pregnant or think you are pregnant. These drugs have caused malformations in fetal development of rodents and rabbits. For more information, see the product insert, consult your physician or contact the drug manufacturer.Side effects: These are very strong drugs with severe side effects. High blood pressure, kidney and liver problems may result. Some immunosuppressants may contribute to the development of new cancers. The body may be less able to fight infections. Common effects are bleeding and/or tender or enlarged gums. Less common are seizures, fever or chills, vomiting, frequent urination. Rare side effects are confusion, irregular heartbeat, numbness or tingling in hands, feet or lips, shortness of breath, difficult breathing, severe stomach pain, nervousness, unusual tiredness or weakness, weight loss.Form: Oral; injectedCommon brand names: cyclosporine (Neoral®, Sandimmune®), mycophenolate mofetil (CellCept®), azathioprine (Imuran®), methotrexate (Rheumatrex®, Trexall®), D-penicillamine (Cuprimine®, Depen®) Alkylating agents烷化剂Cyclophosphamide is in a class of drugs known as alkylating agents, which slow or stop the growth of cancer cells in your body. Cyclophosphamide is used to treat leukemias, lymphoma, bronchogenic carcinoma, small cell lung carcinoma, and other types of cancer. It has been shown to be effective in scleroderma lung disease. Talk to your doctor about the possible risks of using this drug. (See Caution about possible pregnancy risks involved with Cyclophosphamide in Immunosuppressants).Side effects: Thinned or brittle hair, darkened and thickened skin, blistering skin or acne, loss of appetite or weight, mouth blistering and/or fatigue. Cyclophosphamide may contribute to the development of new cancers.Forms: Oral; injectedCommon brand names: Cytoxan®, Neosar®A note about Minocycline: A recent controlled trial of the antibiotic minocycline has led to the conclusion that the drug is not an effective therapy for scleroderma. Results of the study, published in the February 2004 issue of “Arthritis & Rheumatism,” showed a degree of change in the modified Rodnan skin thickness score (the measurement used to determine effectiveness of the drug) that is similar to what can be expected in the natural course of the disease.Sjogren’s Syndrome干燥综合征Pilocarpine is a muscarinic alkaloid obtained from the leaves of tropical American shrubs from the genus Pilocarpus. It is a non-selective muscarinic receptor agonist in the parasympathetic nervous system, which acts therapeutically at the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 due to its topical application. Pilocarpine increases saliva secretion in the mouth and is used in the treatment of dry mouth.Side effects: Dizziness, headache, flushing, urinary frequency, nausea, excessive sweating, hypertension, tachycardia.Forms: OralCommon brand names:Pilocarpine hydrochloride (Salagen®), cevimeline hydrochloride (Evoxac®)。
谈一谈快餐对人们健康的影响英语作文
谈一谈快餐对人们健康的影响英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Impact of Fast Food on Our HealthWe live in a world where everything needs to be fast – fast cars, fast internet, and yes, fast food. The rise of the fast food industry has dramatically changed our eating habits and lifestyles. While the convenience of grabbing a quick bite can be tempting, it's crucial to consider the severe implications that fast food can have on our overall health.First and foremost, let's address the elephant in the room –the nutritional value, or lack thereof, in fast food meals. These foods are often loaded with excessive amounts of saturated fats, sodium, and simple carbohydrates, while lacking essential nutrients like vitamins, minerals, and fiber. A single fast food meal can easily exceed the recommended daily intake of calories, fat, and sodium, setting the stage for a host of health issues.One of the most significant concerns associated with frequent fast food consumption is the increased risk of obesity. The combination of high-calorie counts, large portion sizes, andthe addictive nature of these foods can lead to overeating and weight gain. Obesity, in turn, is a major risk factor for various chronic diseases, including heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain types of cancer.Speaking of heart disease, the saturated fats and trans fats found in many fast food items can wreak havoc on our cardiovascular health. These unhealthy fats contribute to the buildup of plaque in our arteries, increasing the risk of heart attacks and strokes. Additionally, the high sodium content in fast food can lead to elevated blood pressure, further exacerbating the risk of heart-related problems.Let's not forget about the impact of fast food on our digestive system. The processed nature of these foods, along with the lack of fiber, can lead to constipation, bloating, and other gastrointestinal issues. Furthermore, the high levels of preservatives and additives found in fast food can disrupt the delicate balance of our gut microbiome, potentially contributing to inflammatory bowel diseases and other gut-related disorders.Beyond the physical impacts, fast food can also take a toll on our mental health. The constant consumption of highly palatable and addictive foods can lead to a vicious cycle of cravings and overeating, often accompanied by feelings of guilt and shame.This can contribute to poor self-esteem, anxiety, and even depression.It's important to note that while the occasional fast food indulgence may be acceptable, regular consumption can have severe long-term consequences. Chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes, certain types of cancer, and liver disease have all been linked to a diet high in fast food.So, what can we do to mitigate the negative impacts of fast food on our health? The answer lies in moderation and making informed choices. When篇2The Impact of Fast Food on Our HealthAs students, we all know the struggle of juggling classes, extracurricular activities, and social lives. With such hectic schedules, it's no wonder that many of us turn to fast food for a quick and convenient meal. However, the convenience of fast food comes at a cost – a cost to our health.Fast food is everywhere these days. It's hard to walk down the street without seeing a familiar logo beckoning us with promises of delicious burgers, fries, and shakes. And let's be honest, fast food can be pretty tasty. The combination of salt, fat,and sugar is virtually irresistible to our taste buds. But beneath the tantalizing flavors lies a harsh reality: fast food is often loaded with unhealthy ingredients that can have serious consequences for our bodies.One of the biggest issues with fast food is its high calorie content. A single meal from a fast-food restaurant can easily exceed the recommended daily calorie intake for an average adult. And it's not just the calories that are problematic; it's also the types of calories we're consuming. Fast food is typically high in saturated and trans fats, which have been linked to an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and other health problems.But the negative impacts of fast food don't stop there. Many fast-food items are also high in sodium, which can contribute to high blood pressure and an increased risk of kidney disease. Additionally, fast food often lacks essential nutrients like fiber, vitamins, and minerals, leaving us feeling unsatisfied and craving more unhealthy foods.Perhaps one of the most concerning aspects of fast food is its potential contribution to obesity and related health issues. Obesity rates have skyrocketed in recent decades, and many experts believe that the prevalence of fast food is a significantcontributing factor. When we consume more calories than our bodies need, the excess is stored as fat, leading to weight gain and an increased risk of conditions like type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and certain types of cancer.It's not just our physical health that can be affected by fast food, either. There's growing evidence that the types of foods we eat can also impact our mental well-being. Studies have suggested that diets high in processed and fast foods may contribute to an increased risk of depression and anxiety.Of course, it's not realistic to expect everyone to completely eliminate fast food from their diets. As students, we often find ourselves in situations where fast food is the most convenient or篇3The Unhealthy Truth About Fast FoodFast food has become a staple in the modern American diet, with its convenience and affordability making it an attractive option for people on the go. However, the impact of fast food on our health is a topic that cannot be ignored. As a student juggling classes, extracurricular activities, and often a part-time job, I understand the allure of grabbing a quick meal from a drive-thru or food court. But the more I learn about thedetrimental effects of fast food, the more I realize that we need to reevaluate our relationship with this industry.One of the most significant concerns with fast food is its high calorie and fat content. Many popular fast food items are laden with saturated and trans fats, which can raise cholesterol levels and increase the risk of heart disease. A single fast food meal can easily exceed the recommended daily intake of fat, setting the stage for weight gain and obesity. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), obesity rates in the United States have skyrocketed over the past few decades, with over 42% of adults classified as obese. This alarming trend has been linked to the proliferation of fast food and its contribution to an unhealthy, calorie-dense diet.Furthermore, fast food is often lacking in essential nutrients and fiber, leaving us feeling unsatisfied and craving more food shortly after eating. This cycle of overeating and nutrient deficiency can lead to various health problems, including diabetes, high blood pressure, and certain types of cancer. The excessive amounts of sodium found in many fast food items can also contribute to hypertension and increase the risk of stroke and kidney disease.But the impact of fast food goes beyond just physical health. There is a growing body of research suggesting that the consumption of fast food may also have negative effects on mental health. Studies have linked a diet high in processed and fried foods to an increased risk of depression and anxiety. The lack of essential nutrients and the presence of harmful additives and preservatives in fast food may contribute to these mental health issues.As a student, I am particularly concerned about the impact of fast food on academic performance and cognitive function. Research has shown that a diet high in saturated fats and refined carbohydrates, which are abundant in fast food, can impair memory, concentration, and overall brain function. This is especially problematic for students who need to retain information and perform well on exams. Additionally, the convenience of fast food can often lead to poor time management and a lack of self-care, further compounding the negative effects on academic success.Despite these alarming concerns, the fast food industry continues to thrive, with major chains investing billions of dollars in advertising and marketing campaigns targeted at young people. The ubiquitous presence of fast food restaurants,coupled with clever marketing strategies and attractive pricing, makes it difficult for many individuals, especially those with limited resources, to resist the temptation.However, it is crucial that we, as consumers and members of society, take action to address this issue. Education and awareness are key to empowering individuals to make informed decisions about their dietary choices. Schools and universities can play a vital role in promoting healthy eating habits and providing nutritious, affordable alternatives to fast food. Incorporating nutrition education into the curriculum and offering cooking classes can equip students with the knowledge and skills needed to prepare wholesome meals.Additionally, policy changes and regulations can help create an environment that supports healthy choices. This could include limiting the presence of fast food establishments near schools, implementing stricter labeling requirements, and providing incentives for restaurants to offer more nutritious options. Governments and public health organizations can also invest in campaigns that raise awareness about the health risks associated with fast food consumption and promote healthier alternatives.On an individual level, we can make conscious efforts to reduce our reliance on fast food and prioritize home-cookedmeals made with fresh, whole ingredients. Meal planning, batch cooking, and learning simple, healthy recipes can go a long way in developing better eating habits. Involving family members and friends in this process can create a supportive environment and make the transition to a healthier lifestyle more enjoyable and sustainable.Ultimately, the impact of fast food on our health is a multifaceted issue that requires a collaborative effort from individuals, communities, and policymakers. As a student, I recognize the importance of making informed choices and prioritizing my well-being. While the convenience of fast food may be tempting, the long-term consequences on physical and mental health, academic performance, and overall quality of life are simply too grave to ignore.We live in a fast-paced world, but that should not come at the expense of our health. By educating ourselves, advocating for change, and making conscious choices, we can break the cycle of fast food dependency and pave the way for a healthier, more sustainable future. It is a responsibility we owe not only to ourselves but also to the generations to come.。
甲状腺疾病(英文版)
02
The etiology of thyroid diseases
Genetic factors
Family inheritance
Thyroid diseases have a certain degree of familial clustering, which may be related to genetic inheritance.
Other potential factors
Autoimmunity
Certain autoimmune diseases may lead to thyroid diseases, such as Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Medication and treatment
diseases
01
Overview of thyroid diseases
The physiological function of the thyroid gland
Maintaining metabolic balance: Hormones secreted by the thyroid gland can regulate the body's metabolism, maintain energy balance, and maintain body temperature.
As age increases, the incidence of thyroid diseases also gradually increases.
Women are more prone to thyroid diseases than men, especially hypothyroidism and thyroid nodules.
普洱茶功效英文版
The Efficacy of Puer TeaSince it was discovered, Chinese Tea has been used by the human up to now for its aspects of curative efficacies. Professor Liu Qianliang concludes the curative effect into following aspects: Viz. sleepless , tranquilization, improving eyesight, refreshing, encouraging production of body fluids to extinguishthirst, heat-clearing and detoxifcation , promoting digestion, shun qi, inducing diuresis, relieve constipation, expelling phlegm, dispelling wind-evil, treating cardiodynia, replenishing qi, prolonging the life , etc. The scientific research indicates that the Puer tea has the same function mentioned above as other tea and the modern research proves that it is more prominent in following aspects of curative effect.1. Efficacy of Reducing lipid, weight reduction, antihypertensive and anti-arteriosclerosis.Compared with 31 cases treated by clofibrate, which has good curative effect for hyperlipidemia, 55 cases of clinical tests on curing hyperlipidemia with Yunan puer bowel tea has been made in China Kunming Medical school and the efficacy of Yunnan puer tea is higher than clofibrate. Puer tea can reduce the cholesterol and the glyceride, so drinking Puer tea for a long time has the efficacy of loosing weight. Puer tea could cause the physiological effects such as: vasodilatation,blood pressure decreasing, and heart rate slowing down, brain blood stream reduction.Therefore it has good effects for the patient with hypertension and cerebral arteriosclerosis.2.Efficacy of Anticancer and Preventive Cancer: Professor Hu Meiyinghas conducted the research on the anti-cancer function of puer tea with electron microscope method more than ten years, discovering that Puer tea is most intense to kill the cancer cell; even that 1% of the normal drinking Concentration has the obvious function.Therefore, Puer tea and prevent cancer.3.stomach-nourishing, stomach protection :Under the suitable temperature, drinking the mild Pu'er tea will not stimulate the stomach. Melicera, mellow and plateful Pu’er tea enters the enterogastric and forms the membrane, adhering on the inner surface of gastric to form the useful protective coating.Therefore, long-term Drinking puer tea can nourish and protect the stomach.4.Caring and protecting the teeth; Pu'er tea includes many biologicalactivity ingredient and has the efficacy of sterilization and disinfection. The test has indicated that Puer tea can care and protect the teeth, which will have the best effect at the concentration of 1%.5.Antiphlogosis, sterilization& reliving dysentery: The medicineresearches and the clinical test proves that the Yunnan Pu'er tea hasthe effect of bacteriostasis. Drinking the strong tea ten times per day may treat bacillary dysentery, which has something direct with that Yunnan tea is rich in tea polyphenol .6.Anti-aging：the catechin contained in the tea has the anti-senilefunction. Yunan Puer tea contains more catechin than other teas, so the anti-senile efficacy surpasses other teas. At the same time, the macro-molecule multi-carbohydrate material of Puer tea transforms into massive new soluble monosaccharide and the oligosaccharide and Vitamin C increases in times in the processing of Puer tea. Those materials play a very important role in enhancing the function of immune system of the human body, improving the health and prolong the life.。
垃圾食品的危害英语作文
Junk food has become a significant part of many peoples diets,especially among the younger generation.However,it is essential to understand the potential harms associated with the consumption of such foods.Here are some of the most notable dangers of eating junk food:1.Increased Risk of Obesity:Junk food is typically high in calories and low in nutritional value.The high sugar and fat content can lead to weight gain and obesity,which in turn can lead to a range of health issues including diabetes,heart disease,and certain types of cancer.2.Poor Nutritional Intake:Consuming junk food regularly can result in a lack of essential nutrients.These foods often lack vitamins,minerals,and fiber,which are crucial for maintaining good health and proper bodily functions.3.Increased Risk of Heart Disease:The high levels of saturated fats and trans fats found in many junk foods can contribute to high cholesterol levels and increase the risk of heart disease.These fats can clog arteries,leading to atherosclerosis and potentially heart attacks.4.Development of Type2Diabetes:The high sugar content in junk food can lead to insulin resistance,which is a precursor to type2diabetes.Over time,the body may struggle to regulate blood sugar levels,leading to a higher risk of developing the condition.5.Negative Impact on Mental Health:Studies have shown that a diet high in junk food can have a negative impact on mental health,potentially leading to mood swings, depression,and anxiety.6.Dental Problems:The high sugar content in junk food can lead to tooth decay and other dental issues.The acids in these foods can erode tooth enamel,making teeth more susceptible to cavities.7.Digestive Issues:A lack of fiber in junk food can lead to digestive problems such as constipation.Additionally,the body may struggle to process the high levels of fats and sugars,leading to indigestion and other gastrointestinal issues.8.Increased Risk of Certain Cancers:Some studies have linked the consumption of processed meats and other junk food items to an increased risk of developing certain types of cancer,such as colorectal cancer.9.Skin Problems:A diet high in junk food can lead to skin issues such as acne,as the body may struggle to eliminate toxins effectively.10.LongTerm Health Complications:Over time,a diet consisting largely of junk food can lead to a myriad of health complications,including chronic diseases and a decreased quality of life.To mitigate these risks,it is advisable to adopt a balanced diet that includes a variety of fruits,vegetables,whole grains,lean proteins,and healthy fats.This not only helps to avoid the pitfalls of a junk food diet but also promotes overall health and wellbeing.。
Quality of medicines questions and answers (中英文)
Quality of medicines questions and answers These questions and answers address a number of questions that have been brought to the attention of the Joint Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use / Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use Quality Working Party (QWP) by marketing-authorisation holders (MAHs) or European Economic Area (EEA) competent authorities, on matters related to the quality of medicines. They have been developed and are maintained by the QWP.They provide the EEA's harmonised position on issues that can be subject to different interpretation or require clarification, typically arising from discussions or correspondence during assessment procedures.If a question is not addressed, marketing-authorisation holders are encouraged to contact the European Medicines Agency for further information atqwp@ema.europa.eu.These questions have been produced to provide clarification or additional information, and should be read in conjunction with the European Pharmacopoeia, quality guidelines and other guidance documents.Key:∙H: applicable to medicinal products for human use∙V: applicable to veterinary medicinal productsQuality of medicines questions and answers: Part 1：Active Substance - Active-substance-master-file procedure1.Can a mixture of an active substance with an excipient be submitted through anactive-substance-master-file (ASMF) procedure? H+V August 2007.No. A mixture of an active substance with an excipient cannot be submitted through an ASMF procedure.The blending of an active substance and an excipient is considered as the first step in the manufacture of the medicinal product, and therefore does not fall under the definition of an active substance.The only exceptions can be made where the active substance cannot exist on its own,for example, due to insufficient stability without a stabilising agent, or in the case of herbal dry extracts if it is not possible to produce a solid extract without excipients. Active substance - Declaration by the qualified person on the good-manufacturing-practice status of the active substance manufacturer1.The notice to applicants requires the submission of a declaration signed by thequalified person that the active substance used is manufactured in accordance with good manufacturing practice. The active substance in my product is widely used, but not normally as a pharmaceutical active substance, and I am having some difficulty in confirming compliance. What should I do to furnish the required declaration? H+V September 2008Full compliance with good manufacturing practice (GMP) for finished products and active substances is a legal obligation for manufacturing-authorisation holders. It is recognised that for a small number of medicinal products the primary use of the active substance is not in a medicinal product and the producer may therefore not be aiming to meet the specific requirements of pharmaceutical customers that represent an insignificant volume of business. Alternative sources should normally be sought but in exceptional circumstances the manufacturing-authorisation holder should assess and document to which extent GMP is complied with and provide a risk-based justification for the acceptance of any derogation. The declaration provided by the qualified person should set out in detail the basis for declaring that the standards applied provide the same level of assurance as GMP. The European Medicines Agency will collect experience with this approach which can be used as a basis for discussion on related amendments to guidelines in the future.Active Substance - Good-manufacturing-practice compliance for sterilisation of an active substance1.What kind of good-manufacturing-practice documentation is needed for an activesubstance manufacturer who performs sterilisation of an active substance? H+V July 2010The good-manufacturing-practice (GMP) basic requirements for active substances used as starting materials (European Union (EU) GMP guide part II) only applies to the manufacture of sterile active substances up to the point immediately prior to the active substance being rendered sterile. The sterilisation and aseptic processing of sterile active substances are not covered by this guideline and shall be performed in accordance with GMP for medicinal products (Commission Directive 2003/94/EC; as interpreted in the basic requirements for medicinal products including annex 1 of theEU GMP Guide part I). This implies that for any active-substance manufacturer who performs sterilisation and subsequent aseptic handling of the active substance, a valid manufacturing authorisation or GMP certificate from an EEA authority or from an authority of countries where mutual recognition or other Community arrangements apply has to be submitted.Also, the active-substance manufacturer has to submit data on the sterilisation process of the active substance (including validation data) to the marketing-authorisation applicant or holder for inclusion in the dossier submitted for the finished product and approval by the licensing authority or authorities.Active Substance - Starting materials of herbal origin1.How should the quality of a starting material of herbal origin be controlled when itis used to manufacture a semi-synthetic active substance? H+V February 2012 There are several types of starting materials of herbal origin used to manufacture semi-synthetic active substances:herbal drugs;herbal preparations (typically extracts);isolated plant constituents (no additional synthetic steps).Starting materials of herbal origin should be characterised to ascertain their suitability and a contaminant profile should be established and submitted, taking into consideration the number of chemical steps between the starting material and the semi-synthetic active substance.In all cases, the scientific name (genus, species, variety and author) of the plant and plant part used should be specified. If the starting material is an extract or an isolated constituent, the extraction solvent and strength (e.g. ethanol 50% v/v) used for the first extraction from the herbal drug should be specified as well.The quality of the starting material of herbal origin should follow the principles set out in the European Pharmacopoeia monographs on herbal drugs, herbal drug preparations, extracts and essential oils, as applicable: the potential presence of foreign matter, pesticides, microbiological contamination, total ash, heavy metals, aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, radioactive contamination, residual solvents, and other relevant impurities should be discussed.Potential contaminants that may be carried through the extraction and purification processes should be fully addressed taking into account the production of the herbal drug, and the subsequent extraction and purification processes.The specification for the starting material of herbal origin should be fully justified by the applicant and should include suitable tests for identity, assay, impurities and potential contaminants.Compliance with the guideline on good agricultural and collection practice (GACP) is not mandatory in the steps prior to the starting material of a semi-synthetic active substance, since it applies to herbal medicinal products and traditional herbal medicinal products. However, information on the geographical origin, collection or cultivation, harvesting, and post-harvest treatments (possible pesticides and fumigants used and possible radioactive contamination) could justify limited testing for (possible) contaminants.Data submission1.Is the submission of data regarding manufacturing process validation, analyticalvalidation, and stability studies, produced only by the developer of the product sufficient? Does it make any difference if the developer of the product is presented as one of the product manufacturers or not? H+V July 2008These questions and answers only concern products that are oral solid dosage forms manufactured by standard manufacturing methods. The new product has the same formula and manufacturing method of the developed product.Provided that the formula, manufacturing process, analytical methods and packaging materials are the same, data originating from the developer of the product is normally sufficient. As regards manufacturing process validation, the marketing authorisation holder, according to the guideline on process validation, must submit with the new application the process validation scheme and the commitment to carry out process validation and initiate stability studies along with the batch analysis for production scale batches for the new manufacturing site. This is irrespective of whether the product developer is one of the manufacturing sites of the new product or not.2.Who is responsible to verify the production scale validation data when this isavailable? H+V July 2008These questions and answers only concern products that are oral solid dosage forms manufactured by standard manufacturing methods. The new product has the same formula and manufacturing method of the developed product.According to the guideline on process validation, "the results can be subsequently verified by supervising authority according to national procedure.” Depending on the product and the concerns that may arise, in some countries this may be dealt with as a post-authorisation commitment or it may be brought to the attention of good-manufacturing-practice inspectors to be checked during their next inspection. The marketing-authorisation holder is usually not expected to present these data with the new application, unless it is requested by the licensing authorities.3. Can the test product of a bioequivalence study be produced by the developer, irrespective of whether that developer is one of the manufacturing sites of the new product? H+V July 2008These questions and answers only concern products that are oral solid dosage forms manufactured by standard manufacturing methods. The newproduct has the same formula and manufacturing method of the developed product. The product used in the bioequivalence study must be representative of the industrial scale product to be marketed.A bioequivalence study conducted using a test product produced by the developer is acceptable if the developer is also one of the manufacturers of the new product.If the developer is not one of the manufacturers of the new product, it has to be demonstrated that the bioequivalence batch is representative of the industrial scale product to be marketed.For this the following applies:The developer product and the new product must have identical formula, specifications, manufacturing process and equipment;The active substance supplier is the same or it is ensured that characteristics of the active substance that may have an impact on the bioavailability are identical;The excipients characteristics which may have an impact on the bioavailability of the active substance are identical;The dissolution profiles of batches produced by the developer (including the biobatch) and the product from the new manufacturer (at least pilot batches) must be similar;Comparative pilot batch analysis between the developer product (including the biobatch) and the new manufacturer product must be presented.4. Is there any requirement for the marketing-authorisation holder to submit any kind of proof (e.g. statement or contract) that it has obtained the dossier from the developer legally? H+V July 2008These questions and answers only concern products that are oral solid dosage forms manufactured by standard manufacturing methods. The new product has the same formula and manufacturing method of the developed product. No such proof is necessary to be presented in the application dossier.European Pharmacopeia (Ph. Eur.) - Harmonised Ph. Eur. Chapters 2.6.12, 2.6.13 and 5.1.41.How should any update to the microbial quality control of a finished product,specifically linked to the update to the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) harmonised Ph. Eur. methods (2.6.12 and 2.6.13) and limits (5.1.4) be achieved? H+V February 2012Any changes to implement the harmonised methods (2.6.12 and 2.6.13) should be submitted under change code B.II.d.2.a (type IA).Any changes to implement the harmonised limits (5.1.4) should be submitted asfollows:Changes to the limits – B.II.d.1.a (type IA), but only in the following situations:The currently registered microbial control limits (present situation) are totally in line with the pre-January 2008 (non-harmonised) situation and did not include any additional specified controls over and above the Pharmacopoeia requirements for that particular dosage form. In addition, the proposed controls are totally in line with the harmonised monograph.If for any reason these criteria are not met, a type IB variation (B.II.d.1.z) should be submitted.In accordance with current requirements, any changes should be clearly identified (present / proposed) in the variation submission and the affected parts of the marketing-authorisation dossier should be appropriately updated, including a description of how the method is applied to the specific product.Please note that this advice supersedes the questions and answers dated August 2007, which are now out of date.European Pharmacopeia - Monograph on tablets1.How should industry apply the revised test subdivision of tablets in the EuropeanPharmacopeia monograph on tablets? H+V October 2006The requirements of the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) general monograph on tablets for tablets with one or more breaklines have been revised as of 1 July 2006. The previous version of the monograph, which has been in force since April 2002, requested compliance with either test A (uniformity of content of single-dose preparations) or the test for uniformity of mass of single-dose preparations. It did not, however, give any information on how to select the parts to be tested. Supplement 5.5 now provides background information on the use of breakmarks and describes the sampling procedure and the number of tablet parts to be tested in detail. As a test procedure, it prescribes determining uniformity of mass, while setting the somewhat wider acceptance criteria of the test of content uniformity, namely 85 - 115% (in this case of the average mass).According to Directives 2001/83/EC and 2001/82/EC, the monographs of the Ph. Eur. are the official standards of appropriate quality in the marketing authorisation procedures. In the pharmacopoeia it is also stated that a preparation must comply with the monograph throughout its period of validity.As the revised text defines lesser requirements with wider acceptance criteria than the previous version (see above), a decision has been taken by the regulatory authorities of the European Union (EU) that the revised test on subdivision of tablets is to be applied to all new applications for marketing authorisations as well as all existingproducts. It is acknowledged, however, that the new test will not have been applied to products which are in the final stages of their development. In order not to delay any immediate applications and in line with the period of time defined in the variations regulation, a transitional period of 6 months following the coming into force of Ph. Eur. 5.5 has been defined, in which the EU regulatory authorities will accept submission of results which have been generated using the previous version of the monograph.As the requirements on subdivision of tablets are listed in the production section of the general monograph on tablets, it will normally be sufficient to perform the test only in the framework of pharmaceutical development. There is no need to include the test in the release specification. However, in situations where there is a significant change in tablet hardness during storage, it may be necessary to repeat the test at the end of shelf-life in order to ensure that the scorability has not changed as a function of hardness.European Pharmacopeia (Ph. Eur.) - Harmonised chapter uniformity of dosage unitsBackground. H+V June 2012Between 2004 and 2008, various questions and answers have been published on this website to clarify how the harmonised European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) chapter on uniformity of dosage units (2.9.40) and the general chapters on uniformity of mass of single-dose preparations (2.9.5) and uniformity of content of single-dose preparations (2.9.6) should be applied in the European Union (EU), also in view of the compliance objection made by the United States Food and Drug Administration to the USP on the 2% relative-standard-deviation clause in general chapter 2.9.40. This matter has been recently reviewed by EU regulators and the resulting agreed position is presented in the following questions and answers, which replace the previous questions and answers 1 and 4 published on the same subject in 2004 and 2006, which have now been deleted from the website.1.How should industry demonstrate compliance with the European Pharmacopoeiawith regard to uniformity of dosage units? H+V June 2012Medicinal products marketed in the European Union need to be in compliance with the relevant requirements in the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.).From a pharmaceutical quality point of view, the approach taken in the harmonised general chapter on uniformity of dosage units (2.9.40) is considered equivalent to what was previously required in the Ph. Eur. through the general chapters on uniformity of mass of single-dose preparations (2.9.5) and uniformity of content of single-dose preparations (2.9.6). These general chapters, 2.9.5 and 2.9.6, are still included in the current version of the Ph. Eur.Taking this into account, the decision on what approach to take is left to the applicant. Application of either the Ph. Eur. harmonised general chapter on uniformity of dosage units (2.9.40) or the Ph. Eur. general chapters on uniformity of mass of single-dose preparations (2.9.5) and uniformity of content of single-dose preparations (2.9.6) are both considered acceptable options to demonstrate compliance with the Ph. Eur. with regard to uniformity of dosage units.Please note that this advice supersedes the previous questions and answers 1 and 4 published on the same subject in 2004 and 2006. The remaining previously published questions and answers on the use of the general chapter 2.9.40 (former questions and answers 2, 3, 5 and 6) are still valid and remain published as questions and answers 2 to 5.2. How should the new text be interpreted, in particular in relation to testing frequency (routine test / skip test / test on validation batches only)? H+V March 2006 Where a dosage form monograph in the European Pharmacopoeia refers to this general chapter, the product should comply. This is normally verified by routine testing unless otherwise justified and authorised.3. How can the text be interpreted in light of the compliance objection made by the Food and Drug Administration to the United States Pharmacopeia on the 2% relative standard deviation clause? H+V March 2006The harmonised text is included in the European Pharmacopoeia and the 2% clause will thus be valid in the European Union. This will not be dependent on the final outcome of the discussion between the Food and Drug Administration and the United States Pharmacopeia.4. When can the requirements in the harmonised European Pharmacopoiea general chapter on uniformity of dosage units (2.9.40) for mass variation, rather than content uniformity, be applied with reference to a relative standard deviation (RSD) of not more than 2%? Is it sufficient to determine the RSD on for example 3 validation batches? H+V July 2008It is the opinion of the Quality Working Party that the requirement in the harmonised chapter 2.9.40 regarding the 2% relative-standard-deviation clause represents minimum requirements. The use of this clause should be based on sufficient experience. Normally, results from 3 validation batches are not sufficient. It is rather to be used post-approval when more extensive production experience is gained.5. What is meant by single component and multiple component in the harmonised chapter 2.9.40? H+V July 2008'Single component' means one active substance with no excipient. 'Multiple component' could mean 'at least 2 active substances' or 'at least 1 active substance and at least one excipient'; both cases are valid.Impurities - Calculation of thresholds for impurities1.What is the basis for the calculation of thresholds to set limits for impurities in thefinished product specification? H July 2009The calculated thresholds should be based on the highest maximum daily dose of the respective active substance in authorised medicinal products. The threshold for impurities should be the same for all strengths.The same rule applies for combination drugs; the highest possible combined strength should be used for setting the thresholds.The maximum daily dose used for threshold calculation should be the same for a given active substance irrespective of the medicinal product.Impurities - Harmonisation of policies on setting specifications for potentially genotoxic impurities, heavy-metal-catalyst residues and class-1 solvent residues1.What is a reasonable policy for setting specifications for potentially genotoxicimpurities which are theoretical or actual impurities in a drug substance manufacturing process? H June 2012Different possible scenarios can be identified and the applicable policies to be applied for each of them are described below:Example 1 – A potential genotoxic impurityThe definition for a potential genotoxic impurity is derived from the definition for 'potential impurity': an impurity that theoretically can arise during manufacture or storage. It may or may not actually appear in the (new) drug substance (ICH Q3A, glossary).If a potential genotoxic impurity is just a theoretical impurity i.e. based on theoretical considerations but not found in practice at any key stage in the manufacturing process as demonstrated by studies during development of the manufacture, the impurity does not need to be included in the drug substance specification or a specification of an intermediate.Example 2 – A (potentially) genotoxic impurity actually formed or introduced prior to the final step of the synthesisIf a (potentially) genotoxic impurity is formed or introduced in a step before the final synthesis step, it is considered possible to not include this impurity in the drug substance specification if it is controlled by a suitable limit in a synthesis intermediate and if it is unambiguously demonstrated by analysis results (use of spiking experiments are encouraged) that presence of this impurity does not exceed 30 % of the limit, derived either from threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) or otherwisedefined acceptable limit etc., in the drug substance.It is considered possible to apply skip testing if the level of the impurity in a synthesis intermediate does not exceed 30% of the limit, derived from either TTC or otherwise defined acceptable limit etc, in the intermediate. Data should be presented for at least 6 consecutive pilot scale or 3 consecutive production scale batches. If this condition is not fulfilled, a routine test in the intermediate is needed. If the impurity exceeds 30% of the limit, derived either from TTC or otherwise defined acceptable limit etc., in the drug substance the impurity has to be included in the drug substance specification and the test has to be carried out on a routine basis.Should a genotoxic impurity not be controlled at the intermediate stage, then the scenario of example 3 applies.Example 3 - A (potentially) genotoxic impurity is formed or introduced in the last synthesis stepIf a (potentially) genotoxic impurity is formed or introduced in the final synthesis step, it should be included in the specifications. However, it is considered possible to apply skip testing if the level of the impurity does not exceed 30% of the limit, derived from either TTC or otherwise defined acceptable limit etc., in the drug substance. Data should be presented for at least 6 consecutive pilot scale or 3 consecutive production scale batches. If this condition is not fulfilled, a routine test in the drug substance specification is needed.Definitions:For the purpose of these questions and answers, the following definitions apply: Genotoxic impurity: an impurity that has been demonstrated to be genotoxic in an appropriate genotoxicity test model, e.g. bacterial gene mutation (Ames) test.Potentially genotoxic impurity: an impurity that shows (a) structural alert(s) for genotoxicity but that has not been tested in an experimental test model. Here potentially relates to genotoxicity, not to the presence or absence of this impurity.2.In order to harmonise the policies to be applied for setting specifications forgenotoxic impurities and heavy-metal-catalyst residues, what are reasonable policies to be applied when setting specifications for heavy-metal-catalyst residues? H June 2012In order to harmonise the policy for setting specifications for metal residues with that for setting specifications for genotoxic impurities, some clarifications of the interpretation of sections 4.5 and 4.6 of the heavy-metal-catalyst guideline (EMEA/CHMP/SWP/4446/2000) are given below.Since it is the class-1 metals that are the most toxic metals with permitted dailyexposures (PDEs) that approach the level of the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) applied for genotoxic impurities, it seems reasonable that class-1 metals are the prime focus for harmonisation with the policy for genotoxic impurities while class-2 and 3 metals could be treated similarly but somewhat less strictly.Example 1 –A class-1 metal is not used or suspected to be present in a synthesis processMetals are not expected to be formed in synthesis processes. Only if deliberately introduced or suspected to be present for other reasons, residues of metals can be expected. If not used or suspected to be present, the metal does not need to be included in the drug substance specification or a specification of an intermediate.Example 2 –A class-1 metal is formed or introduced prior to the final step of the synthesisIf a class-1 metal is introduced in a step before the final synthesis step, it is considered possible to not include this metal in the drug substance specification if it is controlled by a suitable limit in a synthesis intermediate and if it is unambiguously demonstrated by analysis results that the presence of this metal does not exceed 30% of the guideline limit in the drug substance.It is considered possible to apply skip testing if the level of the class-1 metal in a synthesis intermediate does not exceed 30% of the guideline limit in the intermediate. Data should be presented for at least 6 consecutive pilot scale or 3 consecutive production scale batches. If this condition is not fulfilled, a routine test in the intermediate is needed. If the class-1 metal exceeds 30% of the guideline limit in the drug substance the impurity has to be included in the drug substance specification and the test has to be carried out on a routine basis.Should a class-1 metal not be controlled at the intermediate stage, then the scenario of example 3 applies.Example 3 – A class-1 metal is introduced in the last synthesis stepIf a class-1 metal is introduced in the final synthesis step, it should be included in the specifications. However, it is considered possible to apply skip testing if the level of the metal does not exceed 30% of the guideline limit in the drug substance. Data should be presented for at least 6 consecutive pilot scale or 3 consecutive production scale batches. If this condition is not fulfilled, a routine test in the drug substance specification is needed.3.In order to harmonise the policies to be applied for setting specifications forgenotoxic impurities and class-1 solvent residues, what are reasonable policies to be applied when setting specifications for class-1 solvent residues? H June 2012。
长期一天吃一餐的危害英语作文
长期一天吃一餐的危害英语作文The Detrimental Effects of Long-Term One-Meal-a-Day Dieting.Long-term adherence to a one-meal-a-day (OMAD) diet, also known as intermittent fasting with a prolonged fasting window, has garnered significant attention within the weight loss and health communities. While it may offer certain short-term benefits, prolonged OMAD practices can pose serious health hazards.Metabolic Dysfunction.One of the primary concerns with prolonged OMAD dieting is its impact on metabolic function. When the body is deprived of nutrients for extended periods, it enters a state of starvation ketosis, in which it breaks down body fat and muscle tissue for energy. This process can lead to a significant reduction in metabolism, as the body adapts to conserve energy. Over time, this metabolic slowdown canmake weight loss and maintenance increasingly difficult.Nutrient Deficiencies.Another major drawback of OMAD dieting is its potential for nutrient deficiencies. Consuming only one meal per day significantly limits the intake of essential vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients. This can lead to a host of health problems, including:Vitamin B12 deficiency: Vitamin B12 is essential for neurological function, blood cell production, and DNA synthesis. Prolonged OMAD dieting can deplete B12 stores, leading to anemia, fatigue, and nerve damage.Calcium and iron deficiency: Calcium is crucial for bone health, while iron is necessary for red blood cell production. OMAD diets often fail to provide adequate amounts of these minerals, increasing the risk of osteoporosis, anemia, and fatigue.Electrolyte imbalance: Electrolytes, such as sodium,potassium, and magnesium, play vital roles in hydration, muscle function, and nerve conduction. OMAD dieting can disrupt electrolyte balance, leading to dehydration, muscle weakness, and heart problems.Gastrointestinal Issues.Prolonged OMAD dieting can also wreak havoc on the gastrointestinal system. When the stomach is empty for extended periods, it can produce excessive amounts of acid, leading to:Heartburn and acid reflux: The increased stomach acid can cause burning sensations and reflux into the esophagus.Ulcers: Chronic acid exposure can damage the lining of the stomach and duodenum, leading to ulcers.Constipation: Intermittent fasting can slow down the digestive process, increasing the risk of constipation and other gastrointestinal issues.Hormonal Imbalances.OMAD dieting can also disrupt hormonal balance. When the body is in prolonged starvation mode, it releases hormones that suppress appetite and promote energy conservation. However, these hormonal changes can also have negative consequences, such as:Amenorrhea: In women, OMAD dieting can lead to amenorrhea, or the absence of menstrual periods. This is a sign of hormonal imbalance and can have long-term reproductive health implications.Fatigue and low mood: The hormonal changes associated with OMAD dieting can contribute to fatigue, low mood, and irritability.Social and Psychological Challenges.In addition to its physical effects, OMAD dieting can also have social and psychological consequences. Eating is an important social activity, and restricting food intaketo one meal per day can make it difficult to participate in social gatherings. It can also lead to feelings of isolation, guilt, and disordered eating patterns.Conclusion.While OMAD dieting may offer certain short-term benefits, such as weight loss and improved insulin sensitivity, its long-term consequences are concerning. Prolonged adherence to an OMAD diet can lead to serious metabolic, nutrient, gastrointestinal, hormonal, andsocial/psychological problems. It is essential to approach weight loss and health goals with a balanced and sustainable approach that prioritizes nutrient-rich foods and regular meals.。
完整的健康从清、调、补开始（Co...
完整的健康从清、调、补开始（Complete health begins with clarity,conditioning, and mending）Complete health begins with clarity, conditioning, and mendingHealth is important, because health is the root of family happiness and the key to success! Health does not necessarily have everything, but without health, everything is not everything. In real life, how many people before the age of forty after forty years trying to earn money to fight the zhengming. It was popular four words summed up the image of people for health misunderstanding exists: I have no money, quasi health; disease to the bed with thousands -- have; to talk about health - busy is also busy with the king; Hades recruit see death life too busy to. This is also the misunderstanding in us how many set people thinking regret that business has just started, liver, no; just became famous, MI, just a few months away; an officer, cerebral hemorrhage; the child had just raised adults, parents died young grandchildren; just not long, he was gone. This should be to enjoy the most beautiful moments in life, but no blessing. The main reasons for the loss of health are summed up in two main aspects:First, the accumulation of toxins; two, nutritional imbalance. First, the accumulation of toxins1: eat a lot of pesticides and fertilizers (cucumber, tomatoes), hormones (chicken slaughter 46 days), growth (3-4 months pig slaughter agent), preservatives (food), the use of all kinds of food additives; fast food (for example: eat a fried chicken,equivalent to smoking 3 packs of cigarettes on the body cause serious pollution, therefore, the human body) a year accumulated up to 8 kg of toxin;2 drink: water pollution is one of the serious problems of global water, lead, arsenic and mercury and other carcinogens seriously exceed the standard; gastrointestinal absorption of pigment interference in beverage alcohol poisoning; a serious threat to people's health, stomach, liver, nerve injury;3, breathing: serious air pollution, such as: dust, dust, automobile exhaust, industrial waste gases, toxic gases, etc., was unconditional inhalation of the body, endangering people's health.4 medicine: blind indiscriminate use of drugs, will cause a lot of harm to the human body, medicine is three points, poison, who knows. (the national Ministry of Health announced: China's annual cost of treatment of primary disease was 50 billion, because in the process of the treatment of primary disease, caused by the use of medicine side effect, and the formation of following the onset of treatment costs as high as 80 billion. In the past 50 years, about about 1000000 deaf mutes, 80% of which were caused by side effects of streptomycin. The death rate of people aged 35 to 57 is increasing year by year, the rate of cross infection and treatment in medical treatment is 30%, and hepatitis B and even AIDS are likely to be infected during the medical treatment;5 virus: hepatitis B, AIDS, SARS virus has been daunting. The anti hero Zhong Dian expected: the bird flu virus if out ofcontrol, will take 150 million lives worldwide, a new round of prevention of war has started;6 mood: modern people's mental pressure is too heavy, will exacerbate the production of toxins, it is easy to cause neurasthenia, leading to insomnia;7: the stool stool is the source of the poison in the main. Must be cleared in time. Otherwise, it seriously threatens your health.For example: the accumulation of toxins into the liver, will make the liver metabolic toxins function decline, forming a series of liver diseases;The accumulation of toxins into the brain can damage nerve functions, causing insomnia, forgetfulness, confusion, and memory loss. Accumulation of toxins into the intestinal tract, it will form enteritis, colon cancer and other diseases.Whether it is the outside or its own toxins, if accumulated in the body for a long time,Can cause the human digestive system, urinary system and other system diseases (such as constipation, hemorrhoids, insomnia, gastritis, liver cirrhosis, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer; various nephritis and nephropathy and renal failure, etc.).Two, nutritional imbalanceLack of nutrition and excess, all belong to nutritional imbalance. Now the eating habits are generally three high and four low. Three high: high fat, high protein, high carbohydrate; four low: low minerals, low vitamins, low dietary fiber, low water.For example: people used to eat fast food, all kinds of fast food into the market, endanger people's health, is the absolute energy bomb, is a serious junk food. Excessive consumption of poultry meat caused by excess nutrients, resulting in obesity, so there is a lot of obese people in the modern society, especially children, obese children in later life and work will bring great influence. Long term nutritional imbalance can lead to rickets, constipation, mental retardation, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes and so on.The deficiency of vitamins and minerals can cause the following phenomena:Vitamin A: rough skin, dry eyes, easy night blindness, lack of vitamin A in 100% cancer patients;Vitamin B1: insomnia, forgetfulness, beriberi; lack of vitamin B2: lip ulcers, oral ulcer;Lack of vitamin B6: insomnia, aging, diabetes; vitamin B12 deficiency: neurasthenia, anemia;Vitamin C: fatigue, bleeding gums, purpura; magnesium deficiency: muscle weakness, foot cramps;Cr: prone to diabetes, the arteries atherosclerosis; selenium deficiency: lead to heart disease;Copper deficiency: growth retardation, emotional; potassium: enuresis, facial paralysis, body fatigue, etc..As a result of the accumulation of toxins, nutritional imbalances, and lead to metabolic disorders, immunity, which is another important reason for our loss of health.What is immunity? Refers to the human body itself inherent in the three capabilities, that is, cleaning capacity, protection capacity, repair capacity. If these three abilities are dysfunctional, they increase the risk of disease in all human systems. Very susceptible to all kinds of epidemic germs. For example, some people get it every time the flu comes. This is the manifestation of apparent immunity. People with lower immunity are also susceptible to hepatitis and bird flu.We know that the main cause of disease can reduce the incidence of disease effectively. Perfect company complies with the development of the times, put forward the most authoritative health concept: "complete health, from the Qing, tune up and repair start."".The concept of "Qing", "regulation" and "mending" is universal.There are eight treatment methods in TCM theory, namely: sweating, vomiting, lower and moderate, warming, clearing, eliminating and supplementing. The core connotation of the eight words is: human health needs to be clear, adjusted andfilled.The classical theory foundation of Western medicine: orthomolecular medicine (this theory won the 1954 Nobel prize in chemistry, won the Nobel prize in 1963) the core theory is that as long as the correct molecules to cells, most diseases can be eradicated. That is to say, cells need to be cleared, adjusted and filled! Because the human body is made up of cells, that is, cells - tissues - organs - systems - the body, so the health of the cell determines the health of the human body.Diet therapy is better than medication, prevention is better than cure, which is five thousand years of Chinese culture of health, health theory. Its guiding ideology is well known all over the world and has been accepted and recognized by the whole world.Perfect company uses high-tech technology, unique formula, production, clearing, adjusting and filling healthy food gift box, below we come to share, clear, adjust, make up for you what kind of benefits?.Qing: it is to clear the toxins in the intestines.The toxins in the bowel: there is an old saying: to longevity, intestinal often Qing; to die, the gut free sediment. How important is the visible bowel!Do the following survey:Some ladies and men have spots on their faces and pimples aroundtheir mouths It cost a lot of money to go to the hospital, and a lot of pills didn't work,What was the reason? Is the large intestine stool to blame, is Supian toxins produced by E. blood circulation gradually deposited to form plaque and pimple face;Have you just talked to someone close enough to dodge? This is the reason that the tone is thick, but oneself have not paid attention to, a mouth has smoked somebody else to run, is really no face;Does anyone have a bowel movement while the color of the stool is black? If there is, it is the upper digestive tract out of the question, common for gastric bleeding, serious will form gastric cancer, more terrible is that serious bleeding in the stomach, the rescue is not timely, it will cause death;Is there a red color when someone is defecating? If there is, it is a problem with the lower digestive tract, which leads to colon cancer for a long time;There is no defecation, hematochezia phenomenon appear? It's a rectal problem that can cause rectal cancer for a long time;Does anyone have diarrhea often? If there is enteritis symptoms, because only cells in the intestinal mucosa of 3 days to live, if not add new cells, intestinal wall will appear edema toxin erosion, slowly fester inflammation, resulting in malabsorption of nutrients, causing anemia, fatigue, and cancer;Constipation is the source of diseases, because of thelong-term constipation, will cause hemorrhoids, hemorrhoids serious form of hemorrhoids, hemorrhoids serious operation, surgical recurrence after operation, anal muscle contraction, can cause physical and mental pain. If hemorrhoids bleeding, bacteria can easily invade, future development is the result of rectal cancer;Constipation in the elderly is a common phenomenon, if not resolved early, the consequences are very terrible, easy to cause cerebral hemorrhage, myocardial infarction, sudden death and so on.The colon is trash stool, the body's largest, it is almost the same height and root length, pipe filled with wrinkles. In the transport of waste residue to E. Months and years pass by. without cleaning, like water wall on the accumulation of dirt, in the course of time, it formed a "stool inside the large intestine". What is more serious is that people in the diet of cellulose intake is seriously insufficient, cannot produce meaning, resulting in the large intestine feces is slow, sucking up water in the large intestine, resulting in difficult defecation, so long, it will cause constipation. 24 hours do not defecate, can produce 36 kinds of toxin, cause the hidden trouble of 179 kinds of diseases, the most terrible harm of toxin is to bring about cancer, among them liver cancer, gastric cancer, esophagus cancer, colonic cancer incidence of a disease is highest.Thus, the bowel is too important.How bowel? There are three ways: first, mechanical water therapy, two, drug therapy, three, diet therapyFirst, the mechanical water treatment: high cost, many people do not adapt, high blood pressure and heart disease are dangerous, can not be accepted by more people.Two, drug therapy: temporary solution, the formation of dependence, but stop the drug, but also to restore the original situation, and medication damage to other organs.Three, diet therapy: to fundamentally solve the problem, because they must pass smoothly, with sufficient amount of food in the cellulose, cellulose can promote intestinal peristalsis, accelerated defecation, lack of cellulose will lead to constipation, we need human daily intake of 25-40 grams of fiber, can meet the normal metabolism, the highest cellulose content of spinach for example, 8 pounds per person per day to ensure adequate amount of fiber in the diet, we can't do that, need special supplement, so the best way is to eat high fiber, perfect music (high fiber meal), to help us meet the demand of human daily fiber.High fiber music ingredients are: strawberry, psyllium husk and dehydration of seabuckthorn.Psyllium husk: commonly known as "fiber giant", is the fiber ever found in plants with the highest amount of soluble fiber, and as high as 86%, dietary fiber after water absorption is highly viscous, it can adsorb endotoxin, wrapped up, accelerateintestinal peristalsis, make defecate loose soft easy to be discharged, and smooth a protective film is formed on the intestinal wall, to prevent the formation of stool.Dehydration strawberry: fresh fruit not only the throat, beauty, can add a variety of nutrients, eliminate favorable inflammation. Medical research findings,Strawberry has significant auxiliary therapeutic effects on nasopharyngeal carcinoma, tonsil cancer, lung cancer, laryngeal cancer, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Seabuckthorn: as a treasure house of natural vitamins, it can supplement the nutrients needed by human body.Regulation: regulating immune function.During the SARS epidemic, in July 30, 2003, the people's Daily published the perfect "aloe mineral crystal" to build a healthy immune the Great Wall. Aloe mineral crystals are highly recognized by the state in regulating immune function. The bird flu is more terrible than the anti SARS, bird flu is expected if the hero Dian Zhong out of the world will have 150 million population were killed. At present, there is no treatment, can only prevent, regulate immune function, enhance immunity is the only way.The so-called regulatory immune function is: to remove all the blood pollution caused by pollution of toxins and toxins in the body fluid, repair damaged cells, thereby enhancingself-protection. The mineral crystals of aloe can regulate theimmune function, because of the particularity of its ingredients and ingredients.Perfect aloe mineral crystal: aloe, pollen, royal jelly, various minerals, VC, fructoseAloe: Aloe medicinal value is very magical, in medicine called "elephant guts", in the past three thousand years, has been regarded as medicinal aloe very natural drugs have medical value: it is a natural antibiotic, has strong sterilization anti-inflammatory effect, especially the unique efficacy of rehabilitation, regeneration to repair damaged cells and regenerative cells; Aloe Vera is also called "vascular scavenger, can remove toxins in the blood, but also can eliminate the free radical - toxin in body fluids.Pollen: the sperm of a plant, containing all the nutrients needed for life.Royal Jelly: it is the milk of bees and has high nutritional value.A variety of minerals: from pollution free deep-sea river bed, biological activity, easy to be absorbed by the body.Vitamin C: soften blood vessels, improve disease resistance.Fructose: a monosaccharide that does not need to be balanced by insulin and can be absorbed directly by the body, especially in people with diabetes.The same aloe different refining technology, its effective ingredients and content is completely different, mineral crystal aloe is using the world's most advanced cold moving method, this technology is perfect company unique. After taking a healthy diet containing aloe vera, the body's absorption of minerals and vitamins is 3 times higher than that given alone;The pollen in mineral crystal is different from the market. It is extracted by ultra low temperature cold break technique. The wall breaking rate is as high as 99.9%, which is easily absorbed by human body.Super concentrated granule has remarkable economic, remarkable effect and good taste. This is the unique feature of perfect aloe mineral crystal.And the perfect company all products, is currently China's health food, the only access to four international authoritative certification, while also halal food certification products. And for 14 consecutive years published in the "China consumer newspaper", was named "consumer trust products.".Supplement: replenish the overall and balanced nutrition required by the human bodyPeople have the concept of "mending" and "mending", but why not fill in? Did not make up the effect? That is because the single fill, contrary to the barrel theory, make less use, fill the absorption, instead it may cause side effects.Perfect nutrition meal is in accordance with the Chinese dietary pagoda principle and the barrel theory specifically for food Chinese tailored, especially for the "three three high and four low" crowd {(high fat and high protein and high carbohydrate (four); low low mineral, low vitamin, low dietary fiber, low water)}. To solve the problem of nutritional imbalance, its biggest feature is: in our body, and sometimes do not know what nutrients lack, the nutritional meal will give us to add a comprehensive, balanced nutrition. This is determined by its ingredients.Ingredients: a variety of vitamins and minerals in brown rice, whole wheat, pumpkin powder, wheat germ, soybean protein, barley, oats, lotus seed, spirulina, the human body to beBrown rice: a grain of rice that removes the crust is brown rice, and a brown rice and a fine white rice are thrown into the soil at the same time. The brown rice soon gives birth to new life, while the white rice rots. Brown rice is the life of the meter, the body contains the necessary vitamins and nutrients, and brown rice taste is not good, it is difficult to swallow, turned to white, good taste and nutrition but no, white is dead meters, what almost no nutritional value.Spirulina: the world food and Agriculture Organization says Spirulina is the most ideal food in twenty-first Century. Its nutrition is second only to that of mother's milk.The reasonable combination of the above nutrients provides a comprehensive and balanced nutrition for the human body.Perfect nutrition meal, using low temperature gelatinization, ultra-fine crushing process, to ensure that all nutrients are not damaged and lost. Eating perfect nutritious meal is safe, convenient, quick and good in taste.For the crowd: pregnant women, children, ADHD, students, the elderly, mental workers, diabetes, prostate patients, heart disease, insomnia, osteoporosis and so on.It is a perfect combination of health food, which can remove and block most of the major pathogenic factors, and can play a significant role in prevention and health care.Distinctive features of "Qing", "Fu" and "Fu":On the market, there are many "Detox", "supplement", "conditioning" products, these products are unilateral effect should be good, but preventive health care is like a war, to comprehensive initiative, coordinated operation, only two or three valiant soldiers not much."Qing Fu Shu Fu" is good, but the overall effect of the role of balanced, able to play a comprehensive role in prevention and health care, this is its unique. So, complete health begins with clarity, conditioning, and mending!{note: the Vitoria declaration of the world health team stresses that the four cornerstones of health must be healthy. Namely: 1, a reasonable diet; 2, moderate exercise; 3, quit smoking, limit alcohol; 4, the balance of mind. Reasonable diet is the basis of health, and is the most important of the fourhealth cornerstones. And the adjustment ensures our reasonable diet. Complete health from the beginning of the Qing Fu, finally, I wish you all healthy and happy every day! }。
生理学英文练习题-第一章-绪论
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTIONSummaryPhysiology is the study of how living organisms work. It is the science that describe the normal functions and their regular patterns of the living organisms. The vast field of physiology can be divided into viral physiology, bacterial physiology, cellular physiology, plant physiology, human physiology,and many more subdivisions. However, the Human Physiology is very important and basic biomedical course for medical students.The body has three fundamental characteristics of living organism which are metabolism, excitability and reproduction. The metabolism include material metabolism and energy metabolism. The material metabolisms of carbonhydrate, lipid, proteins etc. have mainly been learned in BIOCHMISTRY. The energy metabolism will be learned in the 7th Chapter in PHYSIOLOGY. The excitability is very important physiological term, the property of living organisms that permit them to react to stimuli is defined as excitability.Since the normal functions of organs or organ systems was emphasized, homeostasis is another very important physiological concept. Homeostasis signifies a stable and constant status of the internal enviroment in the body of living organism. It is a dynamic balance of pH, osmostic pressure, temperature, ions concentrations, and so on. Homeostasis is a necessary for the normal functions of cells, organs and organ systems. Therefore, homeostasis is the soul concept of PHYSIOLOGY.The living organism needs to overcome the possible disorder caused by the metabolisms, then homeostasis could be maintained and the normal functions of the living organisms could be gone on. How to maintain the homeostasis? There are mainly three mechanisms to maintain the homeostasis. They are neural regulation, humoral regulation and auto-regulation. Three regulatory patterns exhibit different mechanisms and features.Feedback, a term borrowed from engineering, is a fundamental feature of homeostasis. Feedback regulation anticipates changes in a regulated variable, improves the speed of the body’s homeostatic responses, and minimizes fluctuations in the level of the variable being regulated. In the negative feedback system, a change in the variable being regulated brings about response that tend to push the variable in the direction opposite to the original change. The homeostasis could be maintained after negative feedback regulation. In positive feedback system, an initial disturbance in the system sets off a train of events that increases the disturbance even further. Some special physiological activities in the living organism are carried out by the positive feedback system such as processes of giving birth, blood coagulation, micturition.Definition1.Physiology（生理学）2.Acute experiment（急性实验）3.Chronic experiments（慢性实验）4.In vitro（离体）5.In vivo（在体）6.Metabolism（新陈代谢）7.Interstitial fluid（组织间液）8.Internal environment（内环境）9.Homeostasis（稳态）10.Excitability（兴奋性）11.Excitation（兴奋）12.Inhibition（抑制）13.Stimulus（刺激）14.Neural regulation（神经调节）15.Neuro-humoral regulation（神经体液调节）16.Reflex arc（反射弧）17.Unconditioned reflex（非条件反射）18.Conditioned reflex（条件反射）19.Humoral regulation（体液调节）20.Auto-regulation（自身调节）21.Feedback（反馈）22.Negative feedback（负反馈）23.Positive feedback（正反馈）24.Feedforward（前馈）Choose the ONE best answer, then fill the corresponding letter in the blank.( C ) 1. Which one of the following is a physiological process with negative feedback?A.Blood coagulationB.Process of passing urineC.Sino-aortic baroreceptor reflexD.Na+ influx during action potentialE.Process of parturition( D ) 2. Which one of the following is not the property of regulation by hormone?A.Slow in onsetB.Diffuse in natureC.Longer in durationD.Accurate in actionE.Action in overcorrection( D ) 3. Which of the following is not the fundamental characteristic of living organisms?A.MetabolismB.ExcitabilityC.ReproductionD.Passive diffusionE.Adaption( D ) 4. The concept of homeostasisA.includes the concept of an error signal.B.refers to maintaining physiological functions in a stable condition.C.refers only to the regulation of body temperature.D. A and BE. B and C(A) 5. This term refers to the existence of a stable internal environmentA.HomeostasisB.FeedbackC.AutoregulationD.All the aboveE.None of the above(C) 6. Which one of the following provides long-term regulatory control that results in relatively unchanging internal conditions.A.Positive FeedbackB.DiseaseC.Negative FeedbackD.All the aboveE.None of the above(B) 7. Moving your hand away from a hot stove is an example of a basic function calledA.Positive feedbackB.ResponseC.RegulationD.All the aboveE.None of the above(E) 8. On the objects that Physiology researches and observes, which of the following is correct description ?A.Whole body levelan and organ systems levelsC.Cellular levelD.Molecular levelE.All the above(E) 9. On the methodology applied in Physiology, which of the following is correct?A.Acute experimentB.Chronic experimentC.Experiment in vivoD.Experiment in vitroE.All the above(D) 10. The acceleration of heart beat caused by catecholamine hormones released from adrenal gland after doing exercise, it isA.Neural regulationB.Humoral regulationC.AutoregulationD.Neural-humoral regulationE.None of the aboveQuestions:1.What are the five components of the reflex arc?2.What are fundamental characteristics of living organism?3.Explain the mechanisms of how to maintain the homeostasis in living organism.4.Contrast the properties of the neural regulation, humoral regulation andauto-regulation.5.Describe the category of the humoral regulation.Answers:Definitions:1.Physiology（生理学）: Physiology is the study of how living organisms work, the goal ofphysiology is to study the normal functions and their regular patterns of organs or organ systems of living organism.2.Acute experiment（急性实验）：Experiment performed is to study the physiological activitiesor to observe the reaction to the external interference in short time is called acute experiment.The animals used are oftenly under anesthesia, and the experiments are oftenly destructive and irreversible, even induce the death of animals. The acute experiment include experiment in vivo and in vitro.3.Chronic experiments（慢性实验）: Experiment performed is to study the physiologicalactivities or to observe the reaction to the external interference in long time is called chronic experiment. The Chronic experiments may be performed on conscious subject for a long period of time after recovery from the operation.4.In vitro（离体）：Experiment is performed on an isolated tissue or organ that is taken out fromthe body of the animal.5.In vivo（在体）：Experiment is performed on the whole body of the animal to observe one orsome physiological functions of the organ or organ systems.6.Metabolism（新陈代谢）：Metabolism is the one of basic characteristics of living organism. Itmeans all the chemical reactions in all the cells of the body, and includes all material and energy transformations that occur in the body. The material metabolism includes catabolic and anabolic reactions.7.Interstitial fluid（组织间液）：The spaces between cells are called the interstitutium, the fluidin these spaces is the interstitial fluid.8.Internal environment（内环境）：It is the environment that all cells of the body live in theextracellular fluid, which is called the internal environment of the body.9.Homeostasis（稳态）：The state maintenance of a constancy and balance in one’s internalenvironment. It is the soul of the physiology.10.Excitability（兴奋性）：It is the ability of certain kinds of cells (excitable cell) to makeresponse to the stimulus. Essentially, It is the ability of cells to generate action potential.Excitability is a fundamental property to all tissues and cells.11.Excitation（兴奋）：It signifies a beginning of an activity or increase in physiological activityafter stimulus, such as the acceleration of the heart beat after stimulating the sympathetic nerve.12.Inhibition（抑制）：Inhibition is a stop of an activity or a decrease in physiological activityafter stimulus, such as the slowing of the heart beat after stimulating the vagus nerve.13.Stimulus（刺激）：Any changes from external or internal environmental factors that causes aresponse in a sense organ or an organism are called the stimulus. It includes the physical, chemical and biological stimuli.14.Neural regulation（神经调节）：The functions of organs or organ systems are regulated by thecentral nervous system via the reflexes. The reflex is the regular response of effectors to the stimulus based on the reflex arc.15.Neuro-humoral regulation（神经体液调节）：In many cases, the endocrine system is soclosely related to the nervous system that it can be regarded as an extension of the efferent limb of the reflex arc . In this instance it is called neuro-humoral regulation.16.Reflex arc（反射弧）：Reflex arc is the pathway in a reflex, it is the basic unit of integratedneural activity, consisting of receptor, afferent nerve, nervous center, efferent nerve and effector.17.Unconditioned reflex（非条件反射）：A fixed reflex whose mechanism may be supposed to beinherited as its functioning does not depend on previous experience.18.Conditioned reflex（条件反射）：A learned reflex in which the nervous system is trainedto produce a new and unusual response to a stimulus.19.Humoral regulation（体液调节）：The functions of organs or organ systems areregulated by the special chemicals released by the endocrine glands or cells, or metabolic products released by the living cells.20.Auto-regulation（自身调节）：In certain cases, a tissue or organ can respond directly to theenvironmental change, depending neither on nervous nor on humoral control. This form of regulation is called auto-regulation.21.Feedback（反馈）：It is a flow of information along a closed loop. Usually, a constancy ofphysiological variable requires a feedback mechanism that feeds the output information back to the control system so as to modify the nature of control.22.Negative feedback（负反馈）：A regulated variable is sensed, information is sent to acontroller, and action is taken to oppose change from the desire value.23.Positive feedback（正反馈）：With a variable is sensed and action is taken to reinforce changeof the variable, so it promotes a change in one direction.24.Feedforward（前馈）：control mechanisms often sense a disturbance and can therefore takecorrective action that anticipates changes. Conditioned reflexes belong to the feedforward control system.。
2021年十二月大学英语B统考题库网考大学英语B真题
一、交际英语1.- Mike，I am going to skate in the mountains tomorrow.- Oh，really?_________A.I am sorry.B.Thank you.C.Have a good time.D.Congratulations!答案：C2.- Congratulations！You won the first prize in today's speech contest. - ________A.Yes，I beat the others.B.No，no，I didn't do it well.C.Thank you.D.It's a pleasure.答案：C3.- Could you help me with my physics，please？- ________A.No，no way.B.No，I couldn't.C.No，I can't.D.Sorry I can't. I have to go to a meeting right now.答案：D4.- Do you mind my smoking here?- _______A.No，thanks.B.Yes，I do.C.Yes. I'd rather not.D.Good idea.答案：B5.- Please help yourself to the seafood.- ________A.No，I can't.B.Sorry，I can't help.C.Well，seafood don't suit.D.Well，I'm afraid I don't like seafood.答案：D电大、各类远程网络教诲统考大学英语B、计算机应用基本统考辅导全套题库，精心整顿并归类完毕，全中文翻译，视频教程解说，零基本一次性通过，索取请加QQ：二、阅读理解Many people like watching TV.（诸多人喜欢看电视。
不健康饮食坏处英语作文
不健康饮食坏处英语作文中文回答，不健康的饮食习惯会对我们的身体和健康造成很多坏处。
首先，不健康的饮食会导致肥胖问题。
现代社会，高热量、高脂肪和高糖分的食物随处可见，如快餐、糖果和饮料等。
长期摄入这些食物会导致体重增加，进而引发肥胖问题。
肥胖不仅会影响我们的外貌，还会增加患心脏病、糖尿病和高血压等疾病的风险。
English answer: Unhealthy eating habits can have many negative effects on our bodies and health. Firstly, unhealthy diets can lead to obesity. In modern society, high-calorie, high-fat, and high-sugar foods are readily available, such as fast food, candy, and sugary drinks. Long-term consumption of these foods can lead to weight gain, which in turn can lead to obesity. Obesity not only affects our appearance but also increases the risk of diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and high blood pressure.中文回答，其次，不健康的饮食习惯还会导致营养不均衡。
很多人喜欢吃快餐和加工食品，这些食物通常缺乏必要的营养素，如维生素、矿物质和纤维等。
长期摄入这些食物会造成营养不良，导致免疫力下降，容易生病。
此外，缺乏纤维的饮食习惯还会导致便秘问题。
English answer: Secondly, unhealthy eating habits can also lead to nutritional imbalances. Many people enjoyeating fast food and processed foods, which are oftenlacking in essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and fiber. Long-term consumption of these foods can resultin malnutrition, leading to a weakened immune system and increased susceptibility to illness. Additionally, a diet lacking in fiber can also contribute to constipation issues.中文回答，另外，不健康的饮食习惯还会影响心理健康。
skipping meals英语作文
The Impacts of Skipping Meals: AComprehensive AnalysisSkipping meals has become a common practice in today's fast-paced world, with many individuals resorting to this habit to manage their time or reduce their caloric intake. However, while it may seem like a convenient short-term solution, skipping meals can have far-reaching consequences on one's health and well-being. This essay aims to delver into the various impacts of skipping meals, exploring both the immediate and long-term effects on the body.Firstly, skipping meals can lead to a significant decrease in energy levels. Food provides the body with the essential nutrients and glucose it needs to function properly. When meals are skipped, the body is deprived of these nutrients, leading to a decrease in blood sugar levels. This can result in feelings of fatigue, lack of concentration, and a general sense of malaise. These symptoms can significantly impact daily activities, affecting work performance, academic progress, and even social interactions.Moreover, skipping meals can have adverse effects on weight management. While it may seem counterintuitive, skipping meals can actually lead to weight gain in the long run. When meals are skipped, the body goes into a state of hunger, causing it to store fat more efficiently. Additionally, skipping meals can lead to binge eating later in the day, as the body tries to compensate for the lack of nutrients. This can result in a cycle of yo-yo dieting, where individuals constantly fluctuate between periods of fasting and overeating, leading to unstable weight and potential health issues.Skipping meals can also have a significant impact on one's mental health. Hunger can trigger feelings of anxiety and stress, as the body struggles to cope with the lack of nutrients. This can lead to emotional eating, where individuals turn to food for comfort, often opting for unhealthy snacks that provide temporary relief but long-term harm. Additionally, skipping meals can lead tofeelings of guilt and shame, as individuals feel like they are failing in their attempts to maintain a healthy lifestyle.On a more physiological level, skipping meals can disrupt the body's natural digestive rhythm. Meals trigger the release of digestive enzymes and acids, which help break down food and absorb nutrients. When meals are skipped, the body is deprived of this stimulus, leading to a decrease in the production of these enzymes and acids. This can result in indigestion, bloating, and even constipation in the long run.Furthermore, skipping meals can affect one's blood sugar levels, leading to spikes and crashes throughout the day. This can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and other metabolic disorders. Additionally, skipping meals can affect the body's ability to absorb nutrients, leading to deficiencies in key vitamins and minerals. This can have a wide range of consequences, including weakened immune systems, bone health issues, and even cardiovascular disease.In conclusion, skipping meals is a practice that can have far-reaching consequences on one's health and well-being. It can lead to decreased energy levels, weight gain, mental health issues, digestive problems, and even chronicdiseases. Therefore, it is crucial to prioritize regular and balanced meals throughout the day to ensure the body has the nutrients it needs to function optimally. By making conscious choices about what to eat and when to eat, individuals can enjoy a healthier and more fulfilling lifestyle.。
关于憋屎的满分英语作文
关于憋屎的满分英语作文The Perilous Practice of Fecal Retention.Enduring the discomfort of a full rectum can be a distressing experience, often accompanied by a burning sensation, bloating, and abdominal pain. While it may seem like a benign inconvenience at first, prolonged fecal retention can lead to a multitude of adverse health consequences, extending beyond the realm of mere physical discomfort.Feces, the waste product of digestion, is composed of a complex mixture of undigested food, bacteria, and toxins. When eliminated regularly, feces poses no significant health risks. However, when retained within the rectum, it can become a breeding ground for harmful bacteria, leading to a condition known as fecal impaction.Fecal impaction occurs when feces become hard, dry, and difficult to pass. The longer feces remain in the rectum,the drier and more compacted they become, making evacuation increasingly laborious and painful. In severe cases, fecal impaction can even lead to bowel obstruction, requiring medical intervention.Beyond the physical discomfort and potential for bowel obstruction, fecal retention also has implications for overall health. The toxins and bacteria present in retained feces can be absorbed into the bloodstream, potentially causing a range of systemic issues. These issues can manifest in the form of fatigue, nausea, and headaches, or even more serious conditions like sepsis and toxic megacolon.Moreover, fecal retention can disrupt the normal functioning of the digestive system. The accumulation of feces within the rectum can put pressure on the surrounding organs, affecting their ability to function properly. This can lead to a decreased appetite, constipation, and other gastrointestinal problems.In addition to its physical and systemic effects, fecalretention can also have psychological consequences. The shame and embarrassment associated with being unable to pass stools can lead to isolation and anxiety. Affected individuals may avoid social situations or refrain from seeking medical help due to fear of judgment or ridicule.Breaking the cycle of fecal retention is essential for maintaining good health and well-being. While it may seem tempting to ignore the discomfort and endure the retention, doing so can have long-term consequences that far outweigh any short-term relief.If you find yourself struggling with fecal retention, there are several strategies you can employ to alleviate the problem:Increase fluid intake: Drinking plenty of fluids, especially water, helps to soften stools and make them easier to pass.Consume fiber-rich foods: Fiber is essential for maintaining regular bowel movements. Good sources of fiberinclude fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.Engage in physical activity: Regular exercise can stimulate bowel movements and improve overall digestion.Establish a regular bathroom routine: Going to the bathroom at a specific time each day can help regulate bowel movements and prevent retention.Seek medical help: If you are unable to resolve fecal retention on your own, it is crucial to seek medical assistance. Your doctor can assess the severity of the problem and recommend appropriate treatment options.Fecal retention is a common problem, but it should not be dismissed as merely an inconvenience. Prolongedretention can have serious implications for both physical and mental health. By understanding the risks and employing appropriate strategies, you can break the cycle ofretention and maintain a healthy digestive system.。
女生吃泻药故意拉肚子的英语作文
女生吃泻药故意拉肚子的英语作文英文回答：It is not advisable to take laxatives to induce diarrhea for weight loss or any other reason. Laxatives are meant to be used for short-term relief from constipation and should not be taken regularly. Diarrhea can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and other health problems. If you are experiencing constipation, it is important to talk to your doctor to find the underlying cause and get the appropriate treatment.Laxatives work by increasing the amount of water in the stool, making it easier to pass. However, if laxatives are taken too often, they can damage the nerves and musclesthat control bowel movements. This can lead to incontinence and other serious problems.In addition, taking laxatives can lead to a number of other health problems, including:Dehydration.Electrolyte imbalance.Nutrient deficiencies.Abdominal pain.Nausea.Vomiting.Diarrhea.Constipation.If you are considering taking laxatives to induce diarrhea, it is important to talk to your doctor first. They can help you determine if laxatives are right for you and can provide you with instructions on how to use them safely.中文回答：故意服用泻药导致腹泻来减肥或出于其他原因是不明智的。
坏习惯引起生病的英文作文
坏习惯引起生病的英文作文Bad Habits: The Insidious Culprits of Illness.In the intricate tapestry of human health, seemingly innocuous habits can surreptitiously undermine our well-being, weaving a web of ailments that can diminish the vitality and longevity we rightfully deserve. While the immediate gratification they provide may momentarily soothe our desires, the long-term consequences can be dire, leaving an enduring legacy of suffering and regret.Smoking: A Deadly Habit with Far-Reaching Implications.Among the most pernicious of all bad habits, smoking stands as a veritable scourge, tarnishing the health of countless individuals worldwide. With each inhaled puff, a noxious cocktail of over 7,000 chemicals, including the notorious nicotine and tar, wreaks havoc upon the delicate tissues of our bodies.The respiratory system, perpetually exposed to thistoxic onslaught, succumbs to a myriad of ailments. Chronic bronchitis, a debilitating condition characterized by persistent coughing and inflammation of the airways,afflicts smokers with relentless discomfort and breathlessness. Emphysema, a progressive and irreversible disease, silently destroys the air sacs in the lungs,leaving victims gasping for air as they struggle to breathe. The risk of lung cancer, a merciless killer, soars exponentially among smokers, becoming the primary cause of premature death for those ensnared by this insidious habit.Beyond the respiratory system, smoking exerts a malevolent influence on the cardiovascular system. Arteries, the vital conduits of oxygenated blood, narrow and harden under the relentless assault of nicotine, increasing the likelihood of heart attacks and strokes. The risk of peripheral artery disease, which restricts blood flow tothe limbs, similarly escalates among smokers, potentially leading to debilitating pain, numbness, and even amputation.The detrimental effects of smoking extend beyondphysical health, casting a shadow over mental well-being. Studies have consistently linked smoking with an increased risk of depression, anxiety, and other psychiatric disorders. The addictive nature of nicotine can lead to a vicious cycle of dependence, exacerbating mental health issues and further complicating efforts to quit.Excessive Alcohol Consumption: A Deceptive Indulgence with Hidden Dangers.Alcohol, a substance often consumed in pursuit of relaxation and sociability, can also become a treacherous companion when consumed excessively. While moderate alcohol intake has been associated with certain health benefits, such as a reduced risk of heart disease, these benefits evaporate when consumption exceeds recommended limits.The liver, the body's primary detoxifying organ, bears the brunt of excessive alcohol intake. Over time, chronic alcohol abuse can lead to fatty liver disease, a condition characterized by the accumulation of fat droplets in the liver. Left untreated, this can progress to cirrhosis, anirreversible scarring of the liver that can impair itsvital functions and ultimately lead to liver failure.The heart is also vulnerable to the damaging effects of excessive alcohol consumption. Alcoholic cardiomyopathy, a condition characterized by the weakening of the heart muscle, can arise from long-term alcohol abuse. This can lead to heart failure, a potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when the heart is unable to pump blood effectively.Excessive alcohol intake can also wreak havoc on the brain. Alcohol-related dementia, a progressive decline in cognitive function, can develop as a result of chronic alcohol abuse. The brain's delicate tissues areparticularly susceptible to the toxic effects of alcohol, and over time, excessive consumption can lead to memory loss, impaired judgment, and difficulty thinking clearly.Poor Diet: A Foundation for Ill Health.The foods we ingest serve as the building blocks of ourbodies, providing the nutrients essential for optimal functioning. However, when our dietary choices are guidedby convenience and indulgence rather than nutritional value, we lay the groundwork for a multitude of health problems.A diet high in processed foods, saturated fats, and added sugars can contribute to obesity, a major risk factor for a plethora of chronic diseases. Obesity increases the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes, a condition characterized by the body's inability to effectivelyutilize insulin, the hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. This can lead to high blood sugar levels, which can damage blood vessels and nerves over time, increasing the risk of heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, and blindness.A diet deficient in fruits, vegetables, and wholegrains deprives the body of essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, which play a crucial role in maintaining good health. Over time, nutritional deficiencies can leadto a weakened immune system, increased susceptibility to infections, and a decline in overall well-being.Sedentary Lifestyle: A Silent Threat to Health.In today's fast-paced, technology-driven world, physical activity has often fallen by the wayside, replaced by sedentary pursuits that offer immediate gratification without the need for exertion. However, this sedentary lifestyle comes at a steep price, increasing the risk of a host of health problems.Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining a healthy weight, reducing the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease and type 2 diabetes, and improving overall cardiovascular health. Sedentary individuals are more likely to experience muscle weakness, decreased flexibility, and impaired balance, which can lead to falls and other injuries.Physical inactivity can also take a toll on mental health. Exercise has been shown to release endorphins, which have mood-elevating effects. Sedentary individuals may experience increased levels of stress, anxiety, anddepression due to the lack of physical activity.Stress: The Invisible Burden on Health.Stress, an inevitable part of modern life, can have a profound impact on our physical and mental well-being. When experienced in manageable levels, stress can serve as a motivating force, driving us to achieve our goals and perform under pressure. However, chronic or excessive stress can become a debilitating burden, taxing our bodies and minds in ways that can lead to a range of health problems.Chronic stress can disrupt the delicate balance of the immune system, making us more susceptible to infections and illnesses. It can also lead to the release of stress hormones such as cortisol, which can have adverse effects on the cardiovascular system, increasing blood pressure and heart rate. Over time, chronic stress can contribute to the development of heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular problems.Stress can also wreak havoc on the digestive system. It can cause or exacerbate gastrointestinal problems such as stomach ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome, and constipation. Stress can also disrupt sleep patterns, leading to insomnia and fatigue, which can further impair our physical and mental health.Conclusion.Bad habits, like insidious shadows, can lurk in the corners of our lives, gradually eroding our health andwell-being. Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, and stress can become relentless tormentors, chipping away at our vitality and diminishing our quality of life.However, the power to break free from these shackles lies within our grasp. By embracing healthier habits, such as quitting smoking, moderating alcohol consumption, adopting a nutritious diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and managing stress effectively, we can reclaim control over our health and embark on a path of vitalityand longevity.Remember, the true measure of health is not merely the absence of disease, but a state of vibrant well-being, where both our physical and mental faculties thrive. By banishing bad habits and cultivating healthy practices, we can unlock the full potential of our bodies and minds, creating a life that is truly fulfilling and free from the debilitating effects of self-inflicted ailments.。
不要经常不吃饭的英语作文
Eating regularly is an essential part of maintaining a healthy lifestyle.Skipping meals can lead to a variety of health issues,including poor concentration,low energy levels,and an increased risk of developing chronic diseases.Here are some reasons why it is important to avoid skipping meals and the benefits of maintaining a regular eating schedule.1.Nutrient Intake:Regular meals ensure that your body receives the necessary nutrients, such as vitamins,minerals,and proteins,which are crucial for growth,repair,and overall health.2.Blood Sugar Regulation:Skipping meals can cause blood sugar levels to fluctuate, leading to mood swings,fatigue,and an increased risk of diabetes.3.Metabolism:Eating at consistent times helps regulate your metabolism.When you skip meals,your body may slow down its metabolic rate to conserve energy,which can lead to weight gain.4.Avoiding Overeating:When you skip meals,you may become overly hungry,leading to overeating during your next meal.This can disrupt your diet and lead to weight gain.5.Mental Health:Regular meals can help stabilize your mood and improve cognitive function.Skipping meals can lead to irritability,difficulty concentrating,and poor decisionmaking.6.Physical Health:Consistent eating habits contribute to better physical health by providing the body with the energy it needs to function properly and support physical activities.7.Digestive Health:Skipping meals can disrupt your digestive system,leading to issues such as indigestion,bloating,and constipation.8.Weight Management:Regular meals can help manage weight by preventing overeating and providing a balanced intake of calories and nutrients.9.LongTerm Health:Consistent eating habits can reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases such as heart disease,obesity,and type2diabetes.10.Social Benefits:Sharing meals with others is an important aspect of social interaction and can contribute to a sense of community and wellbeing.In conclusion,it is crucial to prioritize regular meals as part of a healthy lifestyle. Skipping meals may seem like a quick fix for weight loss or time management,but the longterm consequences can be detrimental to both physical and mental health.Instead, aim for balanced,nutritious meals that support your bodys needs and contribute to a happier,healthier life.。
快餐对身体的的危害英语作文
快餐对身体的的危害英语作文The Negative Impacts of Fast Food on the Body.Fast food has become a ubiquitous part of modern life, with its convenience and affordability attracting people from all walks of life. However, despite its popularity, the long-term effects of fast food consumption on the body are significantly negative. This essay aims to delve into the harmful effects of fast food on the human body, highlighting the reasons why it should be consumed sparingly, if at all.Nutritional Deficiencies.Fast food is typically high in calories, fats, and salt but low in essential nutrients like fiber, vitamins, and minerals. This unbalanced nutritional profile can lead to a range of health issues. For instance, a diet high in saturated fats and trans fats can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, while a high-salt diet can elevateblood pressure, leading to hypertension. Additionally, the lack of dietary fiber in fast food can contribute to digestive problems like constipation.Obesity and Overweight.The high calorie content of fast food, coupled with its addictive nature, often leads to overeating. This, in turn, can result in weight gain and obesity. Obesity is a significant health risk factor for various chronic diseases, including diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and even certain types of cancer.Impact on Gut Health.Fast food often contains preservatives, additives, and artificial flavors that can disrupt the natural balance of gut bacteria. This imbalance, known as dysbiosis, can leadto various gastrointestinal issues, such as irritable bowel syndrome, chronic diarrhea, and even autoimmune diseases.Type 2 Diabetes.The high glycemic index (GI) of many fast food items, especially processed carbohydrates like fries and burgers, can lead to spikes in blood sugar levels. Over time, this can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, a chronic condition that requires lifelong management and can lead to serious health complications.Cardiovascular Diseases.The high levels of saturated fats and cholesterol in fast food can accumulate in the arteries, leading to atherosclerosis. This condition narrows the arteries, increasing the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular events.Mental Health Impacts.While the physical health effects of fast food arewell-documented, its impact on mental health is often overlooked. Regular consumption of fast food can lead to feelings of guilt, anxiety, and depression, especially whenindividuals become aware of the negative consequences of their eating habits. This can have a significant impact on overall well-being and quality of life.Conclusion.In conclusion, while fast food may provide temporary satisfaction and convenience, its long-term effects on the body are profoundly negative. The nutritional deficiencies, weight gain, gut health issues, diabetes risk, cardiovascular diseases, and mental health impacts all point to the need for a more balanced and nutrient-rich diet. Encouraging individuals to make informed choices about their food intake and promoting healthy eating habits are crucial for maintaining overall health and well-being.。
吃饭过晚的坏处英语作文
吃饭过晚的坏处英语作文The Disadvantages of Eating Dinner Late。
Eating dinner late has become a common habit for many people due to busy lifestyles, late working hours, orsocial activities. While it might seem harmless to indulge in a late-night meal occasionally, making it a regular practice can have several detrimental effects on our health and well-being. This essay will delve into the various disadvantages of eating dinner late, drawing insights from popular research and widely accepted health guidelines.1. Disrupted Sleep Patterns。
One of the most immediate and noticeable effects of eating late is disrupted sleep patterns. Consuming food close to bedtime can lead to indigestion, heartburn, and discomfort, making it difficult to fall asleep and stay asleep. The body's digestive system works best when it has ample time to process and break down food. Eating latedisrupts this natural rhythm, leading to poor-quality sleep and leaving us feeling tired and groggy the next day.Research has shown that eating late can suppress melatonin production, the hormone responsible forregulating sleep-wake cycles. When melatonin levels are disrupted, it can lead to insomnia and other sleep disorders, impacting our overall health and cognitive function.2. Weight Gain。
罗汉果的功效作用(Theeffectofgrosvenormomordicafruit)
罗汉果的功效作用（The effect of grosvenor momordicafruit）罗汉果的功效作用(The effect of grosvenor momordica fruit)The effect and function of Momordica Momordica fruit, "Momordica fruit" enjoys the reputation of "immortal fruit", because he has many functions and effects. ...The efficacy of grosvenor momordica fruit and grosvenor momordicafruit1, how the water S.grosvenorii directory2, the effect and function of grosvenor momordica fruit3, the side effects of grosvenor momordica1 how soaked Momordica grosvenoriIt is a precious gourd plant peculiar to our country. It has the name of "good medicine and good fruit". Fruit is rich in glucose, fructose and vitamins, etc., widely used, best-selling domestic and foreign markets, in the international market enjoys a high reputation. One of the most often used one way is to use the mangosteen soaked in water to drink, this is very convenient, there will not affect its efficacy, many people love the way.Although many people know a lot of people know Jeffrey is a goodstuff to buy, but do not know how to eat, here we have to introduce the basic method of the mangosteen soaked:1, we must choose the quality of Momordica fruit, Momordica fruit, the appearance of brown, yellow, intact, not crack notbroken, fluff is better. See if the Momordica nut is scorched. The core is not white, not wet. It is better to pick up the Momordica fruit and shake it.2, to break the water after Jeffrey divided into several components, depending on the size of the cup, or kettle, too little taste Piandan, too many tastes too sweet.Mention Momordica fruit, probably people are not strange, because it enjoys "immortal fruit" reputation. S.grosvenorii also called Momordica, tamarind seed, tea hill, hongmaoguo. The fruit is mainly produced in Guilin, Lingui county and Yongfu county,It is a rare local specialty in Guilin. Moreover, it is a precious gourd plant peculiar to our country. It is known as "the best medicine and the best fruit". Fruit is rich in glucose, fructose and vitamins, etc., widely used, best-selling domestic and foreign markets, in the international market enjoys a high reputation.As a good medicine, what effect does it have?Arhat fruit is sweet and cold, lung, large intestine, Runfei cough, Shengjinzhike efficacy, suitable for lung heat or lung dryness cough, cough and heat injury Tianjin thirst, and laxative effect. It has the effect of clearing away heat and moistening the lung, but there is no record of the effect of Nourishing Yin in the Chinese medicine literature, nor is there any record of what kind of food should beavoided. Modern medical research confirmed that the Momordica contains a sweet300 times sweeter than sucrose, but it does not produce heat, so itis an ideal substitute for diabetes, obesity and other people who arenot suitable for eating sweets. Often smoking, drinking, lung, liver, stomach and need to clean up clean and often work overtime, reduce the detoxification capacity or easy to get angry, long sitting in the office, breathe fresh air outside the lungs function influence. It will be a good choice to recuperate your body in life.Mangosteen a rare medicinal herbs, cool sweet, functional Qingfei Runchang. Indications tanhuo cough, cough, blood dryness constipation;for the treatment of acute bronchitis, acute tonsillitis, throat fire, acute gastritis has good curative effect, with its root pounded, Fuyu affected area, can cure the stubborn ringworm. Carbuncle, sore furuncle etc.; fruit knife wound with sheepskin; a little boiling water soak into the mangosteen,It is an excellent refreshing drink. It can refresh the body and promote the production of saliva. It can also prevent respiratory tract infection. It can prolong life by taking it all the year round. In addition, people also often make the fruit of the fruit of the tea, or boil it with some other materials, such as motherwort and Houttuynia cordata, all of which can play a very good role in medical care.Read more about the side effects of 3 grosvenor momordica fruitAs we know, known as the "immortal mangosteen fruit" reputation, is a good fruit, he has many effects and functions, is used for some fruit drinks and meals, in good health, but everything hastwo sides, it also some side effects on its own the efficacy, is worthy of our attention.Arhat fruit is sweet; cool, can Qingfei Liyan; cough; laxative. Mainly used for treating lung heat cough phlegm; sore throat; flat pick body inflammation; acute gastritis; constipation and so on, so some people used Luohanguo drink water in general side effects of Momordica grosvenori is very small, only a few people can not drink the water of Siraitia grosvenorii. For example, cold body, we do not recommend drinking water if pharyngitis really hard mangosteen, and to the extent of overreaction is not caused by the body, you can try to drink a small amount of water that can slowly Luohanguo, pharyngitis recovery.The most common side effect is that it is too sweet and hurts the spleen and stomach. As with the sun dried tea can Jeffrey, but not long-term tea, if it is dry drink more will get angry, it is best to drink less heat cough or with other drinking cool heat material. Nocturnal emission, nocturia bogey. It's OK to drink in the short term, Long term consumption can lead to the decline ofgastrointestinal function and cause the pathological reaction of the chain. But extremely sensitive, the physical cold people, we strongly disagree with your drinking water s.grosvenorii. Suggest you seekChinese traditional medicine first, or nutritionist, pass the method of diet, adjust physique well.In short, Luo Han Gan, acid, cold, with heat and cooling blood,cough fluid, slippery bowel detoxification, rejuvenation Yi Yan, Run Fei, phlegm and other effects, can be used to prolonglife, beauty and treatment of Yue color phlegm heat cough, sore throat, constipation, irritability and other disease of diabetes. Modern medicine research has found that Momordica has anti-aging, anti-cancer and skin beautifying effect. It has the function of reducing bloodlipids and reducing weight, which can assist in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and improve the image of obese people.。
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Long-term constipation can lead to the formation of gastric polyps
Constipation is a kind of common disease of life, also has brought a lot of people. Many people have such doubt: long-term constipation will lead to gastric polyp? Now follow China polyp rehabilitation network expert professor zhang to see, is there a link between long-term constipation and gastric polyps exactly:
Junk food or vegetable to eat too little, too little fiber intake is the main cause of the chronic constipation. Long-term constipation, feces will stay too long in the large intestine and intestinal mucosa epithelium by coarse slag and foreign long-term stimulation, so that it can lead to large intestine polypus, instead of gastric polyps.
Gastric polyp is interest factor is due to the human body, make the stomach senescent cells to apoptosis, destroyed the new cells and senescent cells metabolism balance, lead to accumulation of senescent cells in gastric mucosa surface formation. Usually under the influence of factors such as diet, inflammation stimulation, to pay more attention in our daily life, the active treatment, steady recovery.
The first step: comprehensive regulate and control the
condition development. , from the perspective of the whole, treats dialectical, the organic combination of local lesion treatment and the overall.
The second step: effectively eliminate interest factor, promote normal cell apoptosis. Adopt the growth in the qinghai-tibet plateau wild red stilbene as well as a variety of selected Chinese medicinal materials, eliminating rate factor at the same time, maintain normal physiology of cell apoptosis rate.
Step 3: clean the gastrointestinal toxins and inhibit the polyp progression. Remove the stomach tube toxin, the active ingredient, rapid removal of toxins. Activate the immune system in the human body, promote phagocytosis of mast cells, devouring necrosis falls off bits of polyps, change nature of polyps, malignant polyps to benign development, reduce the coefficient of malignant transformation, eliminate possible malignant transformation.
Shrinking the fourth step: remove polyps, put an end to reduce polyp recurrence for HP, to gradually reduce, polyp of nutrition because of ischemic atrophy, loss. Atrophy were the biggest gastric polyps: gastric polyps treatment before 1.5 cm 0.3 cm after two months of treatment, treatment after 94
days.
长期便秘会导致胃息肉的形成吗
便秘是生活当中很常见的一种疾病，也给不少人带来了困扰。
不少人有过这样疑问：长期便秘会不会导致胃息肉？现在就跟着中国息肉康复网专家张璐教授来一起看一下，长期便秘和胃息肉到底有没有关系：
偏食或蔬菜吃的过少，纤维素摄入量过少是导致的长期便秘的主要原因。
长期便秘，粪便会在大肠中过久停留，肠粘膜上皮会受到粗渣和异物的长期刺激，这样就会导致大肠息肉，而不是胃息肉。
胃息肉是是由于人体产生致息因子，使得胃部衰老细胞的无法正常凋亡，破坏了新生细胞和老化细胞的新陈代谢平衡，导致老化细胞在胃黏膜表面堆积而形成的。
通常会受到饮食规律、炎症刺激等因素的影响，在生活中要多加注意，积极治疗，稳步康复。
第一步：综合调理、控制病情发展。
从整体入手，辩证施治，将局部病灶的治疗与整体治疗有机结合。
第二步：有效消除致息因子、促进细胞正常凋亡。
采用生长在青藏高原的野生紅芪以及多种精选中药材，消除致息因子同时，维持细胞的正常生理凋亡速度。
第三步：清除胃肠毒素、抑制息肉恶变。
清除胃肠管毒素的活性成分，快速清除毒素。
激活人体内免疫系统，提升肥大细胞的吞噬功能，吞噬坏死脱落的息肉碎片，改变息肉性质，使恶性息肉转向良性发展，降低恶变系数、消除恶变可能。
第四步：萎缩消除息肉、杜绝复发减少息肉供血量，使息肉获得的营养逐渐减少，因为缺血萎缩，脱落。
曾萎缩最大胃息肉：胃息肉治疗前1.5cm治疗两个月后0.3cm，治疗94天后消失。