exercise sheet for 13 complaint and replies
英语翻译资料
14.CPM：要径法（Critical PathMethod）15.CPM：每一百万个使用者会有几次抱怨（Complaintper Million）16.CRM：客户关系管理（CustomerRelationship Management）17.CRP：产能需求规划（CapacityRequirements Planning）18.CTO：客制化生产（ConfigurationTo Order）19.DBR：限制驱导式排程法（Drum-Buffer-Rope）20.DMT：成熟度验证（DesignMaturing Testing）21.DVT：设计验证（DesignVerification Testing）22.DRP：运销资源计划（DistributionResource Planning）23.DSS：决策支持系统（DecisionSupport System）24.EC：设计变更/工程变更（EngineerChange）26.ECRN：原件规格更改通知（EngineerChange Request Notice）28.EIS：主管决策系统（ExecutiveInformation System）29.EMC：电磁相容（ElectricMagnetic Capability）31.ERP：企业资源规划（EnterpriseResource Planning）32.FAE：应用工程师（FieldApplication Engineer）34.FMS：弹性制造系统（FlexibleManufacture System）35.FQC：成品质量管理（Finish orFinal Quality Control）36.IPQC: 制程质量管理（In-ProcessQuality Control）38.ISO：国际标准组织（InternationalOrganization for Standardization）39.ISAR：首批样品认可（InitialSample Approval Request）40.JIT：实时管理（Just In Time）41.KM：知识管理（KnowledgeManagement）42.L4L：逐批订购法（Lot-for-Lot）43.LTC：最小总成本法（Least TotalCost）44.LUC：最小单位成本（Least Unit Cost）45.MES：制造执行系统（ManufacturingExecution System）46.MO：制令（Manufacture Order）47.MPS：主生产排程（MasterProduction Schedule）48.MRO：请修（购）单（MaintenanceRepair Operation）49.MRP：物料需求规划（MaterialRequirement Planning）50.MRPII：制造资源计划（ManufacturingResource Planning）51.NFCF：更改预估量的通知Notice forChanging Forecast52.OEM：委托代工（OriginalEquipment Manufacture）53.ODM：委托设计与制造（OriginalDesign & Manufacture）55.OLTP：在线交易处理（On-LineTransaction Processing）56.OPT：最佳生产技术（OptimizedProduction Technology）58.PDCA：PDCA管理循环（Plan-Do-Check-Action）59.PDM：产品数据管理系统（ProductData Management）60.PERT：计划评核术（ProgramEvaluation and Review Technique）62.POH：预估在手量（Product onHand）66.QCC：品管圈（Quality ControlCircle）68.RCCP：粗略产能规划（Rough CutCapacity Planning）69.RMA：退货验收（ReturnedMaterial Approval）70.ROP：再订购点（Re-Order Point）71.SCM：供应链管理（Supply ChainManagement）72.SFC：现场控制（Shop FloorControl）73.SIS：策略信息系统（StrategicInformation System）74.SO：订单（Sales Order）75.SOR：特殊订单需求（Special OrderRequest）76.SPC：统计制程管制（StatisticProcess Control）77.TOC：限制理论（Theory ofConstraints）78.TPM：全面生产管理（TotalProduction Management）79.TQC：全面质量管理（Total QualityControl）80.TQM：全面品质管理（Total QualityManagement）81.WIP：在制品（Work In Process）质量必背——部门篇QS:Quality system品质系统CS:Coutomer Sevice 客户服务QC:Quality control品质管理IQC:Incoming quality control 进料检验LQC:Line Quality Control 生产线品质控制IPQC:In process quality control 制程检验FQC:Final quality control 最终检验OQC:Outgoing quality control 出货检验QA:Quality assurance 品质保证SQA:Source(supplier) Quality Assurance 供应商品质保证(VQA) CQA：Customer Quality Assurance客户质量保证PQA rocess Quality Assurance 制程品质保证QE:Quality engineer 品质工程CE:component engineering零件工程EE:equipment engineering设备工程ME:manufacturing engineering制造工程TE:testing engineering测试工程PPE roduct Engineer 产品工程IE:Industrial engineer 工业工程ADM: Administration Department行政部RMA:客户退回维修CSDI:检修PC:producing control生管MC:mater control物管GAD: General Affairs Dept总务部A/D: Accountant /Finance Dept会计LAB: Laboratory实验室DOE:实验设计HR:人资PMC:企划RD:研发W/H:仓库SI:客验PD: Product Department生产部PA:采购(PUR: Purchaing Dept)SMT:Surface mount technology 表面粘着技术MFG:Manufacturing 制造MIS:Management information system 资迅管理系统DCC:document control center 文件管制中心质量必背——场内作业QT:Quality target品质目标QP:Quality policy目标方针QI:Quality improvement品质改善CRITICAL DEFECT:严重缺点（CR）MAJOR DEFECT:主要缺点（MA）MINOR DEFECT:次要缺点（MI）MAX:Maximum最大值MIN:Minimum最小值DIA iameter直径DIM imension尺寸LCL:Lower control limit管制下限UCL:Upper control limit管制上限EMI:电磁干扰ESD:静电防护EPA:静电保护区域ECN:工程变更ECO:Engineering change order工程改动要求（客户）ECR:工程变更需求单CPI:Continuous Process Improvement 连续工序改善Compatibility：兼容性Marking：标记DWG rawing图面Standardization：标准化Consensus：一致Code：代码ZD:Zero defect零缺点Tolerance：公差Subject matter：主要事项Auditor：审核员BOM:Bill of material物料清单Rework：重工ID：identification识别,鉴别,证明PILOT RUN: (试投产)FAI:首件检查FPIR：First Piece Inspection Report首件检查报告FAA:首件确认SPC：统计制程管制CP: capability index（准确度）CPK: capability index of process(制程能力)PMP:制程管理计划（生产管制计划）MPI:制程分析DAS efects Analysis System 缺陷分析系统PPB：十亿分之一Flux：助焊剂P/N:料号L/N：Lot Number批号Version：版本Quantity：数量Valid date：有效日期MIL-STD：Military-Standard军用标准ICT: In Circuit Test (线路测试)ATE：Automatic Test Equipment自动测试设备MO: Manafacture Order生产单T/U: Touch Up (锡面修补)I/N:手插件P/T:初测F/T: Function Test (功能测试-终测)AS 组立P/K:包装TQM:Total quality control全面品质管理MDA:manufacturing defect analysis制程不良分析(ICT) RUN-IN:老化实验HI-pot：高压测试FMI：Frequency Modulation Inspect高频测试DPPM: Defect Part Per Million(不良率的一种表达方式：百万分之一) 1000PPM即为0.1%Corrective Action: (CAR改善对策)ACC：允收REJ:拒收S/S：Sample size抽样检验样本大小SI-SIV：Special I-Special IV特殊抽样水平等级CON：Concession / Waive特采ISO:国际标准化组织ISA：Industry Standard Architecture工业标准体制结构OBA:开箱稽核FIFO:先进先出PDCA:管理循环Plan do check action计划，执行，检查，总结WIP:在制品（半成品）S/O: Sales Order (业务订单)P/O: Purchase Order (采购订单)P/R: Purchase Request (请购单)AQL:acceptable quality level允收品质水准LQL;Limiting quality level最低品质水准QVL:qualified vendor list合格供应商名册AVL ：认可的供货商清单(Approved Vendor List) QCD: Quality cost delivery（品质，交期，成本）MPM:Manufacturing project management制造专案管理KPI:Key performance indicate重要绩效指标MVT:Manufacturing Verification Test制造验证试产Q/R/S：Quality/Reliability/Service质量/可靠度/服务STL:ship to line（料到上线）NTF:No trouble found误判CIP:capacity improvement plan（产能改善计划）MRB:material review board（物料审核小组）MRB:Material reject bill退货单JIT:just in time（即时管理）5S:seiri seiton seiso seiketsu shitsuke（整理，整顿，清扫，清洁，修养）SOP:standard operation process（标准作业程序）SIP:Specification inspection process制程检验规格TOP: Test Operation Process (测试作业流程)WI: working instruction（作业指导书）SMD:surface mounting device（表面粘着原件）FAR:failure aualysis report故障分析报告CAR:Corrective action report改善报告BPR：企业流程再造(Business Process Reengineering)ISAR ：首批样品认可(Initial Sample Approval Request)-JIT：实时管理(Just In Time)QCC ：品管圈(Quality Control Circle)Engineering Department (工程部)TQEM: Total Quality Environment Management(全面品质环境管理) PD: Production Department (制造)LOG: Logistics (后勤支持)Shipping: (进出口)AOQ：Average Output Quality平均出货质量AOQL：Average Output Quality Level平均出货质量水平FMEA：failure model effectiveness analysis失效模式分析CRB: Change Review Board (工程变更会议)CSA：Customer Simulate Analysis客户模拟分析SQMS：Supplier Quality Management System供应商品质管理系统QIT: Quality Improvement Team 品质改善小组QIP：Quality Improvement Plan品质改善计划CIP：Continual Improvement Plan持续改善计划M.Q.F.S: Material Quality Feedback Sheet (来料品质回馈单) SCAR: Supplier Corrective Action Report (供货商改善对策报告)8D Sheet: 8 Disciplines sheet ( 8D单)PDCA：PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Action) (管理循环)MPQ: Material Packing Quantity (物料最小包装量)DSCN: Delivery Schedule Change Notice (交期变更通知) QAPS: Quality Assurance Process Sheet (品质工程表)DRP ：运销资源计划(Distribution Resource Planning)DSS：决策支持系统(Decision Support System)EC ：电子商务(Electronic Commerce)EDI ：电子资料交换(Electronic Data Interchange)EIS ：主管决策系统(Excutive Information System)ＥＲＰ：企业资源规划(Enterprise Resource Planning)FMS ：弹性制造系统(Flexible Manufacture System)KM ：知识管理(Knowledge Management)4L ：逐批订购法(Lot-for-Lot)LTC ：最小总成本法(Least Total Cost)LUC ：最小单位成本(Least Unit Cost)MES ：制造执行系统(Manufacturing Execution System) MPS ：主生产排程(Master Production Schedule)MRP ：物料需求规划(Material Requirement Planning) MRPⅡ：制造资源计划(Manufacturing Resource Planning) OEM ：委托代工(Original Equipment Manufacture) ODM ：委托设计与制造(Original Design & Manufacture) OLAP：线上分析处理(On-Line Analytical Processing) OLTP：线上交易处理(On-Line Transaction Processing) OPT ：最佳生产技术(Optimized Production Technology) PDCA：PDCA管理循环(Plan-Do-Check-Action)PDM：产品数据管理系统(Product Data Management)) RCCP：粗略产能规划(Rough Cut Capacity Planning) SCM ：供应链管理(Supply Chain Management)SFC ：现场控制(Shop Floor Control)TOC：限制理论(Theory of Constraints)TQC ：全面品质管制(Total Quality Control)FYI/R:for your information/reference仅供参考ASAP:尽快S/T:Standard time标准时间TPM:total production maintenance：全面生产保养ESD Wrist strap：静电环IT:information technology信息技术，资讯科学CEO：Chief Executive Officer执行总裁COO：Chief Operaring Officer首席业务总裁SWOT：Strength,Weakness,Opportunity,Threat优势﹐弱点﹐机会﹐威胁Competence：专业能力Communication：有效沟通Cooperation：统御融合Vibration Testing：振动测试IDP：Individual Development Plan个人发展计划MRP：Material Requirement Planning物料需求计划MAT'S：Material材料LRR：Lot Rejeet Rate批退率ATIN：Attention知会3C：Computer ,Communication , Consumer electronic消费性电子5W1H：When , Where , Who , What , Why , Ho5M: Man , Machine , Material , Method , Measurement人,机器,材料,方法,测量4MIE: Man,Material,Machine,Method,Environment人力,物力,财务,技术,时间(资源)7M1I: Manpower , Machine , Material , Method, Market , Management , Money , Information人力，机器，材料，方法, 市场，管理，资金，资讯Accuracy 准确度Action 行动Activity 活动Analysis Covariance 协方差分析Analysis of Variance 方差分析Approved 承认Attribute 计数值Average 平均数Balance sheet 资产负债对照表Binomial 二项分配Brainstorming Techniques 脑力风暴法Cause and Effect Matrix 因果图(鱼骨图)CL:Center Line 中心线Check Sheets 检查表Complaint 投诉Conformity 合格（符合）Control 控制Control chart 控制(管制)图Correction 纠正Correlation Methods 相关分析法CPI: continuouse Process Improvement 连续工序改善Cross Tabulation Tables 交叉表CS: Customer Sevice 客（户）服（务）中心DSA: Defects Analysis System 缺陷分析系统Data 数据Deion:品名DCC: Document Control Center 文控中心Decision 决策、判定Defects per unit 单位缺点数Deion 描述Device 装置Do 执行DOE: Design of Experiments 实验设计Element 元素Engineering recbnology 工程技Environmental 环境Equipment 设备Estimated accumulative frequency 计算估计累计数E Equipment Variation 设备变异External Failure 外部失效,外部缺陷FA: Failure Analysis 失效分析Fact control 事实管理Fatigue 疲劳FMEA: Failure Mode and Effect Analysis失效模式与效果分析FP First-Pass Yield （第一次通过）合格率FQA: Final Quality Assurance 最终品质保证FQC: Final Quality control 最终品质控制Gauge system 测量系统Grade 等级Histogram 直方图Improvement 改善Initial review 先期审查Inspection 检验Internal Failure 内部失效、内部缺陷IPQC: In Process Quality Control 制程品质控制IQC: Incomming Quality Control 来料品质控制IS International Organization for Standardization 国际标准化组织LCL: Lower Control limit 管制下限LQC: Line Quality Control 生产线品质控制LSL: Lower Size Limit 规格下限Machine 机械Manage 管理Materials 物料Measurement 测量Median 中位数MSA: Measurement System Analysis 测量系统分析Occurrence 发生率Operation Instruction 作业指导书Organization 组织Parto 柏拉图PPM arts per Million （百万分之）不良率Plan 计划Policy 方针Population 群体PQA: Process Quality Assurance 制程品质保证Practice 实务(践)Prevention 预防Probability 机率Probability density function 机率密度函数Procedure 流程Process 过程Process capability analysis 制程能力分析（图）Process control and Process capability制程管制与制程能力Product 产品Production 生产Projects 项目QA: Quality Assurance 品质保证QC: Quality Control 品质控制QE: Quality Engineering 品质工程QFD: Quality Function Desgin 品质机能展开(法)Quality 质量Quality manual 品质手册Quality policy 品质政策(质量方针)Random experiment 随机试验Random numbers 随机数R:Range 全距（极差）Reject 拒收Repair 返修Repeatusility 再现性Reproducibility 再生性Requirement 要求Responsibilities 职责Review 评审Reword 返工Rolled yield 直通率RPN: Risk Priority Number 风险系数Sample 抽样,样本Sample space 样本空间Sampling with replacement 放回抽样Sampling without replacement 不放回抽样Scatter diagram 散布图分析Scrap 报废Simple random sampling 简单随机取样Size 规格SL: Size Line 规格中心线Stratified random sampling 分层随机抽样SOP: Standard Operation Procedure 标准作业书SPC: Statistical Process Control 统计制程管制Specification 规范SQA: Source(Supplier) Quality Assurance 供货商品质保证Stage sampling 分段随机抽样Standard Deviation 标准差Sum of squares 平方和Taguchi-method 田口(试验)方法Theory 原理TQC: Total Quality Control 全面品质控制TQM: Total Quality Management 全面品质管理Traceablity 追溯UCL: Upper Control Limit 管制（控制）上限USL: Upper Size Limit 规格上限Validation 确认Variable 计量值Verification 验证Version 版本VOC: Voice of Customer 客户需求VOE: Voice of Engineer 工程需求Inventory stock report:庫存清单报告Sales order report:出货报告机载无线网络inflight wifi固定资产投资fixed-asset investment产业优势和市场优势industrial and market advantages人均可支配收入per capita disposable income婚前财产pre-marital property婚前协议prenuptial agreement /priːˈnʌpʃəl, -tʃəl/单身经济single economy便携式电子设备portable electronic devices (PED)自主品牌domestic-owned brands老字号time-honored brand“科教兴国”战略the strategy of reinvigorating the country through science and education网络教育webucation翻转课堂flipped classroom新兴技术emerging technologies数据化datamation城镇化率urbanization ratio科技前沿frontier trend in science and technology物流行业logistics industry网红经济internet celebrity economy 直播经济livestreaming economy智慧物流市场intelligent logistics market大众富裕阶层mass affluent class/stratum 小确幸small blessings技术故障technical glitch用户体验user experience明星主持人celebrity host直播答题livestreaming quiz奖金池prize pool直播答题livestreaming quiz老年保健品healthcare products targeting elderly people季节性流感病毒seasonal influenza virus抗病毒治疗antiviral treatment国家最高科学技术奖State Preeminent Science and Technology Award包船旅行travel in a chartered ship修复和维修项目a restoration and maintenance project健身休闲活动fitness and leisure activity退耕还林还草turning reclaimed farmland into forests and grasslands退牧还草turning grazing land into grasslands荒地复垦reclamation of barren land / ˌrɛkləˈmeɪʃən/耕地流失loss of arable land海洋生态系统marine ecosystem沿海栖息地coastal habitats人类命运共同体，顾名思义，就是每个民族、每个国家的前途命运都紧紧联系在一起，应该风雨同舟，荣辱与共，努力把我们生于斯、长于斯的这个星球建成一个和睦的大家庭，把世界各国人民对美好生活的向往变成现实。
医学类职业英语技能比赛(职场应用练习题1)
医学类职业英语技能比赛(职场应用练习题1)问题1请简要描述下面医学术语的含义：1. CPR2. MRI3. HIPAA4. FDA问题2请列举并解释以下职业术语的含义：1. Telemedicine2. Medical coding3. Pharmacist4. Clinical trial问题3请从下面选项中选择最适合的词填入空白处：1. Informed consent2. Malpractice3. Telehealth4. Pharmaceutical______ refers to the act of providing patients with all necessary information about a medical procedure or treatment before obtaining their agreement to proceed.问题4请根据下面的描述，选择最合适的医学术语填入空白处：A diagnostic procedure using magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of the inside of the body is called _______.问题5请简要解释以下缩写的含义：1. EKG2. ICU3. ER4. CT问题6请从下面选项中选择最适合的词填入空白处：1. Anesthesiologist2. Radiologist3. Surgeon4. OncologistA doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating cancer is called an _______.问题7请解释下面医学术语的含义：1. HIPAA2. MRSA3. EHR问题8请根据下面的描述，选择最合适的医学术语填入空白处：The ____ is a federal agency responsible for protecting and promoting public health through the regulation and supervision of foodsafety, tobacco products, dietary supplements, prescription and over-the-counter pharmaceutical drugs, vaccines, biopharmaceuticals, blood transfusions, medical devices, electromagnetic radiation emitting devices, cosmetics, animal foods and feed, and veterinary products.问题9请解释以下职业的含义：1. Nurse practitioner2. Physical therapist3. Medical assistant4. Radiologic technologist问题10请从下面选项中选择最适合的词填入空白处：1. Diagnosis2. Treatment3. Cure4. Prevention问题11请解释下面医学术语的含义：1. CPR2. CT scan3. HIPAA问题12请列举并解释以下职业术语的含义：1. Pathologist2. Optometrist3. Clinical nurse specialist4. Pharmacy technician问题13请从下面选项中选择最适合的词填入空白处：1. Radiography2. Cardiology3. Neurology4. NephrologyThe medical specialty that deals with the structure, function, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases and disorders of the brain and nervous system is called _______.问题14请解释下面医学术语的含义：1. FDA2. AMA3. PPE问题15请列举并解释以下职业术语的含义：1. Medical transcriptionist2. Registered dietitian3. Respiratory therapist4. Clinical social worker问题16请从下面选项中选择最适合的词填入空白处：1. Prescription2. Vaccine3. Antidote4. AntisepticA substance that can prevent or neutralize the effects of a poison is called an _______.问题17请解释下面医学术语的含义：1. ICU2. MRI3. EKG问题18请根据下面的描述，选择最合适的医学术语填入空白处：问题19请解释以下职业的含义：1. Geriatrician2. Medical laboratory scientist3. Occupational therapist4. Speech-language pathologist问题20请从下面选项中选择最适合的词填入空白处：1. Acute2. Chronic3. Terminal4. PreventableA disease or condition that is expected to result in death within a relatively short period of time is called _______.。
2023年6月英语六级真题及答案
2023年6月英语六级真题及答案Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of learning a foreign language. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Importance of Learning a Foreign LanguageIn the fast-paced globalized world we live in today, the ability to communicate in more than one language has become increasingly essential. Therefore, learning a foreign language is of great importance. There are several reasons why learning a foreign language is beneficial.Firstly, it enables individuals to understand and appreciate different cultures. Language is not just a means of communication; it also reflects the cultural values and beliefs of a particular community. By learning a foreign language, we gain insights into the customs, traditions, and way of life of the people who speak that language. This helps us develop an open-minded and tolerant attitude towards different cultures and promotes intercultural understanding.Secondly, learning a foreign language improves cognitive abilities. Numerous studies have shown that multilingual individuals have better problem-solving skills, greater memory capacity, and enhanced creativity. When we learn a foreign language, we not only acquire new vocabulary and grammar rules but also exerciseour brains to process information in different ways. This mental flexibility enhances our overall cognitive function and improves our ability to think critically.Furthermore, learning a foreign language expands career prospects. In our globalized economy, businesses are increasingly operating in multinational settings. By learning a foreign language, individuals increase their employability in a variety of industries such as tourism, international trade, and diplomacy. Moreover, companies and organizations often seek bilingual or multilingual employees who can effectively communicate with clients and partners from different countries.In conclusion, learning a foreign language is essential in today’s soc iety. It provides us with a deeper understanding of different cultures, enhances cognitive abilities, and expands career opportunities. Therefore, individuals should take advantage of the resources available to them and invest their time and effort in learning a foreign language.Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)Section ADirections:In this section, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The Pros and Cons of Remote WorkWith advancements in technology, remote work has become increasingly popular. Previously limited to freelancers and entrepreneurs, it is now a commonpractice among a wide range of companies. However, remote work comes with both advantages and disadvantages.One of the main advantages of remote work is the flexibility it provides. Employees can work from any location, as long as they have a stable internet connection. This allows individuals to strike a better work-life balance, as they can avoid time-consuming commutes and spend more time with their families. Furthermore, remote work offers greater independence, giving employees the freedom to manage their own time and prioritize tasks according to their preference.Another advantage of remote work is the potential cost savings for both employees and employers. For employees, working from home means saving money on transportation, meals, and work attire. On the other hand, employers can save on office space and utilities. Remote work also opens up access to talent worldwide, as companies are not restricted to hiring locally. This provides businesses with a larger pool of skilled professionals to choose from.However, remote work also has its drawbacks. A common challenge faced by remote workers is the lack of direct interaction with colleagues. In a traditional office setting, employees have the opportunity to collaborate and communicate face-to-face, which can foster teamwork and creativity. Remote work, on the other hand, can lead to feelings of isolation and reduced social interaction, which may affect employee morale and job satisfaction.In addition, remote work requires self-discipline and strong time management skills. Without a supervisor present, employees must be motivated and able to stay focused on their tasks. Distractions at home can easily hinder productivity and lead to delays in completing work.In conclusion, remote work offers flexibility and cost savings, but it also poses challenges such as reduced social interaction and the need for self-discipline. It isimportant for individuals and companies to weigh the pros and cons before deciding whether remote work is a suitable option.1.What is one of the advantages of remote work?A)Improved work-life balance.B)Better work attire.C)Increased office space.D)Reduced transportation costs.2.Remote work allows individuals to _____.A)have more time for commutingB)collaborate more easily with colleaguesC)manage their own timeD)have limited access to talentpanies can benefit from remote work by ______.A)hiring only locallyB)reducing the pool of skilled professionalsC)saving on office space and utilitiesD)increasing the cost of transportation4.According to the passage, what might affect employee morale when working remotely?A)Increased social interaction.B)Collaboration with colleagues.C)Direct communication with supervisors.D)Feelings of isolation.5.Remote workers need to possess _____.A)limited self-disciplineB)reduced time management skillsC)strong motivation and focusD)distractions at home6.What is the main idea of the passage?A)The benefits of remote work for employees.B)The drawbacks of remote work for companies.C)The challenges faced by remote workers.D)The advantages of the traditional office setting.7.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cost-saving aspect of remote work?A)Saving on transportation.B)Saving on meals.C)Saving on work attire.D)Saving on office space.8.Remote work provides employees with the freedom to manage theirown _____. Answer: time9.Remote work offers companies access to a larger pool of skilled _____.Answer: professionals10.Remote work may lead to feelings of _____ and reduced socialinteraction. Answer: isolationPart Ⅲ Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C), and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the conversation you have just heard.A)His notebook was stolen.B)He forgot to bring his notebook.C)He lost his notebook.D)He left his notebook at home.A)In the library.B)In the classroom.C)In the lab.D)In the dormitory.A)By borrowing from a classmate.B)By retaking the notes.C)By photocopying from the professor.D)By asking the professor for help.Questions 14 to 17 are based on the conversation you have just heard.A)Customer service.B)Sales representative.C)Marketing department.D)Customer relations.A)To discuss a business-related matter.B)To attend a training program.C)To inquire about a product.D)To request a refund.A)This week.B)Next week.C)The following month.D)The month after next.A)File a complaint.B)Change the delivery address.C)Request a product catalog.D)Request a refund or exchange.Part Ⅳ TranslationSection ADirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on Answer Sheet 2.With the advent of technology, traditional industries are undergoing significant changes. Take the retail industry as an example. With the development of e-commerce, more and more people are shifting their shopping habits from physical stores to online platforms. This poses both challenges and opportunities for retailers. On the one hand, traditional physical stores are facing the risk of declining sales and reduced foot traffic. On the other hand, retailers who embrace e-commerce can expand their customer base and increase their market reach. Therefore, it is crucial for retailers to adapt to the changing landscape and develop a multi-channel retail strategy to stay competitive.Section BDirections:Read the following text carefully and translate it into English. Your translation should be written neatly on Answer Sheet 2.领导力是组织成功的关键因素之一。
考研英语小作文功能句 模板范例
1. 考研小作文的写作如何做到灵活？答案是：功能句的组合。
通过仔细审题，然后按照题目的要求将不同的功能表达通过逻辑词衔接在一起就可以完成一篇小作文的写作。
因此，建议各位同学不要只是死板考研小作文功能句+模版范例的背模板，从背写句子的表达和功能开始做起，做一个灵活的写作者吧！因此，首先，我们给大家准备了小作文的功能句。
之后，我们用这些功能句组合作文并提供了相应的模拟范例。
寒暄非常高兴回想起过去的两个月，我在贵杂志担任编辑工作。
I am quite/ particularly delighted to recall the past two months when I worked as an editor for your magazine.非常高兴听到一次国际会议即将在我们这所大学举行的好消息。
It is quite great to hear the good news that an international conference will be held in our university.2.自我介绍我是贵报的一名忠实读者，非常关注环境保护。
I am a regular/ loyal / faithful reader of your newspaper who focuses much eyesight on environmental protection.3.目的：for/with the purpose of doing sth. 我是一名消费者，前几日在你们这家商店够了一个电子词典。
I am a customer, who purchased an electronic dictionary from your store the other day/ several days ago. ==to do sth.今天，我写信想要辞职，因为我发现现在这份工作不是我期待的。
Today, I am writing for/ with the purpose of quitting/ resigning, since I find this job is not what I expect.今天，我代表学生会写信想要表达我们的诚挚欢迎并提几个建议。
产品零部件中英文对照表
常用英语对照表1．I will try my best to finish（我将尽力去完成）2．I will update it accordingly（我将去更新）3．Week27 report(27周报告)4．Attached please refer to my wk26 report.（请查阅我所附26周报告）5．Housing(外导体、机架)6．Cover(盖板)7．Countet roataion(屏蔽片)8．Attenuator(电阻)9．Ground Plate(底板)10．Magnet(磁体)11．Sleeve(铝环)12．Ferrite(铁氧体)13．Circuit(中心导体)14．Temperature Compensator(温度补偿片)15．If you have any questions，please contact me promptly.（如果您有任何问题请及时与我联系）16．circulator （环行器）17．isolator（隔离器）18．Combiner（合路器）19．refer to(查阅)20．Attached(附上的)21．Curve（曲线图）22．Screenshots(屏幕截图)23．Jumper(跳线)24．cable(电缆)25．Isolation(隔离度)26．Insertion loss(插入损耗)27．Non-conformity report(不符合报告)（NCR）28．Please ship the CD with the shipment.（请将CD和货物一起快递）29．These samples have all been through the FQA Electrical Testing（这些样品已经全部通过FQA电性测试）30．I will be completed as soon as possible（我会尽快完成）31．I will do the best(我会做到最好)32．If I can become a member of your company, I will strive to do my best(如果我能成为贵公司的一员，我将努力做到最好)33．Sample CPK Data（样品CPK数据）34．List(清单、名单)35．Colleague（同事）36．please see my WK37 report(请参阅我的37周周报)37．screw(螺丝钉)38．Pit(凹陷)39．bulge(凸出)40．针孔(Pin hole)41．破洞(hole)42．Attached please find my WK38 report(请查收我的38周周报)43．Duplexer(双工器)44．Please give directions（请给予指示）45．Attenuator(衰减器)46．Thanks for your report(感谢你的报告)47．cosmetic defect（外观不良）48．dimension defect（尺寸不良）49．Oxidation（氧化）50．Department(部门)51．Dept(部门)52．Quality dept(品质部)53．production dept（生产部）54．R&D dept(研发部)55．engineering dept（工程部）56．Technology dept(技术部)57．Data sheet (数据表单、记录表)58．update(更新)59．Reply（回复）60．Base plate(底座)61．surface treatment(表面处理)62．Express(快递)63．Pack(包裹)64．load(负载)65．attachment（附件）66．Also（也，同样）67．Network analyzer(网络分析仪)68．Requirement(要求)69．Please let me know if you have any question on this.(如果你有任何问题，请及时与我联系)70．Thanks for the information（谢谢你提供的信息）71．Give feedback （意见反馈）72．Thanks to inform us the problem and help us to improve our product quality(感谢你告知我们的问题，帮助我们改善产品的质量)73．How are you?(你好吗)74．Hope you have a happy weekend.(祝你周末愉快)75．Please see comments below.(请看下面的评论)76．My answers are in blue below.（我的回答已标示蓝色）77．Greeting message (祝福)78．Hope you have a good trip back. (祝旅途愉快)79．Any question, please let me know.( 有任何问题,欢迎和我们联系)80．Your comments and suggestions are welcome! （欢迎您的评论和建议! ）81．Do you have any idea about this? （对于这个您有什么建议吗? ）82．What do you think about this?（这个你怎么想? ）83．Look forward to your feedbacks and suggestions soon. （期待您的反馈建议! ）84．How is the project going on? （项目进行顺利吗? ）85．Attached please find today’s meeting notes. （今天的会议记录在附件里。
高三英语公共健康单选题50题
高三英语公共健康单选题50题1. Which of the following is a good source of Vitamin C that can boost our immune system in public health?A. BaconB. OrangesC. Potato chipsD. Coffee答案：B。
解析：维生素C可以增强免疫系统。
橙子是富含维生素C的食物，对公共健康中的免疫增强有益。
培根是肉类，主要含有蛋白质和脂肪，不含维生素C。
薯片是加工食品，没有维生素C。
咖啡主要含有咖啡因等成分，也不含维生素C。
2. In order to keep a healthy weight, which of the following is the best form of exercise in terms of public health?A. Sleeping all dayB. Jogging regularlyC. Standing still for a long timeD. Only using the elevator答案：B。
解析：为了保持健康体重，定期慢跑是一种很好的锻炼方式。
睡眠一整天不是锻炼方式，不能帮助保持健康体重。
长时间站立不是有效的锻炼形式。
只乘坐电梯而不运动不利于健康体重的保持。
3. What should we do first when we get a cut in public health terms?A. Ignore itB. Wash it with soap and waterC. Put some salt on it directlyD. Cover it with a dirty cloth答案：B。
解析：当受伤有伤口时，从公共健康角度，首先应该用肥皂和水清洗，这样可以减少感染风险。
忽略伤口是不对的，容易导致感染恶化。
直接在伤口上放盐会很疼且可能造成进一步伤害。
Unit 14Complaints and Claims《外贸英语函电》PPT课件
printed shirting supplied to your order of 10 May not up to the
samplห้องสมุดไป่ตู้.
From what you say it seems possible that some mistake has been
Yours faithfully，
packing list as well as the invoice.The agent must investigate what
has happened.The goods may still be at the port of loading.But the
buyer cannot wait for the agent s report.He usually insists on
pieces of 50 yards supplied to our order No.AD-190 of May 10.We
have ourselves examined some of the printed shirting complained
about and there is little doubt that some of them are shrinkable and
you say it would seem that some of the materials escaped the
examination we normally give to all materials in our inspection
2014年考研英语一真题完整版答案解析
2014年考研英语一真题答案解析Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can’t remember ___1___ we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain ___2___, we refer to these occurrences as “senior moments.” ___3___seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a (n) ___4___ impact on our professional, social, and personal ___5___.Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done. It ___6___ out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental ___7___ can significantly improve our basic cognitive ___8___. Thinking is essentially a ___9___ of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to ___10___ in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. ___11___, because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate ___12___ mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step ___13___ and developed the first “brain training program”designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental ___14___.The Web-based program ___15___ you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps ___16___ of your progress and provides detailed feedback ___17___ your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it ___18___modifies and enhances the games you play to ___19___ on the strengths you are developing—much like a(n) ___20___exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1. [A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why2. [A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses3. [A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4. [A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure5. [A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook6. [A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7. [A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations8. [A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion9. [A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process10. [A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature11. [A] Therefore [B] Moreover [C] Otherwise [D] However12. [A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of13. [A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14. [A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility15. [A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows16. [A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace17. [A]to [B]with [C]for [D]on18. [A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually19. [A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take20. [A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiarSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency” George Osborne, C hancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobl ess arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit and then they should report weekly rather than fort nightly. What could be more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the j obseeker’s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed. “We’re doing these things because we know they help people st ay off benefits and help those on benefits get in to work faster.” Help? Really? On first h earing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, co mplete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we we re to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”—protecting the taxpayer, control ling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.Losing a job is hu rting: you don’t skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your h eart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is fina ncially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you support is minimal and extraord inarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work envir onment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed y ourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency —permanent depen dency if you can get it —supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administra tion system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can in sure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase “jobseeker’s allowance” —invented in 1996 —is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker” who had no mandatory right to a bene fit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the clai mant receives a time-limited “allowance,” conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitle ment and no insurance, at £71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.21. George Osbor ne’s scheme was intended to[A]provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits.[B]encourage jobseekers’ active engagement in job seeking.[C]motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.[D]guarantee jobseekers’ legitimate right to benefits.22. The phrase, “to sign on” (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means[A]to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.[B]to accept the government’s restrictions on the allowance.[C]to register for an allowance from the government.[D]to attend a governmental job-training program.23. What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?[A]A desire to secure a better life for all.[B]An eagerness to protect the unemployed.[C]An urge to be generous to the claimants.[D]A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24. According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel[A]uneasy[B]enraged.[C]insulted.[D]guilty.25. To which of the following would the author most probably agree?[A]The British welfare system in dulges jobseekers’ laziness.[B]Osborne’s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.[C]The jobseekers’ allowance has met their actual needs.[D]Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.Text 2All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession—with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where cli ents have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, temptin g ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-fir m job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tor t system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. The re is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degre e in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools auth orized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. T his leaves today’s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergrad uate debts. Law-school debt means that many cannot afford to go into government or non -profit work, and that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas ha ve been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as a n undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those wh o can sit it earlier should be allowed todo so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structur e of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any shar e of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keepi ng outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather t han serve clients ethically.In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and imp rove services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ pr ofessional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency. After all, other countries, suc h as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.26.a lot of students take up law as their profession due to[A]the growing demand from clients.[B]the increasing pressure of inflation.[C]the prospect of working in big firms.[D]the attraction of financial rewards.27.Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American stat es?[A]Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.[B]Admissions approval from the bar association.[C]Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major.[D]Receiving training by professional associations.28.Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from[A]lawyers’ and clients’ strong resistance.[B]the rigid bodies governing the profession.[C]the stem exam for would-be lawyers.[D]non-professionals’ sharp critic ism.29.The guild-like ownership structure is considered “restrictive”partly because it[A]bans outsiders’ involvement in the profession.[B]keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares.[C]aggravates the ethical situation in the trade.[D]prevents lawyers from gaining due profits.30.In this text, the author mainly discusses[A]flawed ownership of America’s law firms and its causes.[B]the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America.[C]a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it.[D]the role of undergraduate studies in America’s legal education.Text 3The US$3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels, The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must s till be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere, It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research, after all—but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.31. The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as[A]a symbol of the entrepreneurs’wealth.[B]a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes.[C]an example of bankers’investments.[D]a handsome reward for researchers.32. The critics think that the new awards will most benefit[A]the profit-oriented scientists.[B]the founders of the new awards.[C]the achievement-based system.[D]peer-review-led research.33. The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves[A]controversies over the recipients’status.[B]the joint effort of modern researchers.[C]legitimate concerns over the new prizes.[D]the demonstration of research findings.34. According to Paragraph 4,which of the following is true of the Nobels?[A]Their endurance has done justice to them.[B]Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.[C]They are the most representative honor.[D]History has never cast doubt on them.35.The author believes that the now awards are[A]acceptable despite the criticism.[B]harmful to the culture of research.[C]subject to undesirable changes.[D]unworthy of public attention.Text 4“The Heart of the Matter,”the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others”to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.” In response, th e American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission’s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ ability to so lve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortunately, despite 2½years in the making, "The Heart of the Matter" never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing “progressive,” or left-liberal propaganda.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.36. According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’s report?[A] Critical[B] Appreciative[C] Contemptuous[D] Tolerant37. Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to[A] retain people’s interest in liberal education[B] define the government’s role in education[C] keep a leading position in liberal education[D] safeguard individuals’rights to education38. According to Paragraph 3, the report suggests[A] an exclusive study of American history[B] a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects[C] the application of emerging technologies[D] funding for the study of foreign languages39. The author implies in Paragraph 5 that professors are[A] supportive of free markets[B] cautious about intellectual investigation[C] conservative about public policy[D] biased against classical liberal ideas40. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Ways to Grasp “The Heart of the Matter”[B] Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter”[C] The AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal Education[D] Progressive Policy vs. Liberal EducationPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are r equired to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A and E have been correctly place d Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)[A] Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece, the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stoneh enge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been disc overed by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a bu tterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.[B]In another case, American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest h u man settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornat e ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common peo ple lived.[C] How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (mak e test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield usef ul information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding th e larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.[D] Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, ma ny researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, have located h undreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and b y making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and d ensity of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copan collapsed.[E] To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey method s and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as dif ferent types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fiel ds.[F] Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years be fore he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evan combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans’s interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Mino an palace at Knossos (Knossós) on the island of Crete, in 1900.[G] Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be su ccessful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for bur ied materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried r emains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal de tectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around si tes. Two and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.41 --- A --- 42. ---F ---43---G --- 44---D --- 45---BPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chin ese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sen sual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with th e soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is pure ly and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music. (46)It is alsothe reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate ou r reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.【句型分析】本句主句主干为it is the reason，why引导定语从句，修饰the reason。
Complaint Letter
• • • •
投诉信结构： 投诉事由 详述事件/投诉理由 提出要求
Exercise 1
• You recently attended a one-day training course on health and safety. You were disappointed with the course and you have decided to write a letter of complaint to the training company. • Read the advertisement below, which gives details of the course. You have already made some notes on the advertisement. • Then, using all your handwritten notes, write your letter to Moira Geddings at GBG Certification Services. • Do not include postal addresses. • Write 120-140 words on a separate sheet.
2023年12月英语六级第三套卷
2023年12月英语六级第三套卷目录1.阅读理解（Reading Comprehension）（共2篇）2.完形填空（Cloze Test）3.选词填空（Word-Fill）4.信息匹配（Matching Information）5.翻译（Translation）1. 阅读理解（Reading Comprehension）（共2篇）Passage 1Key Points•Topic: Importance of exercise for mental health•Main idea: Regular exercise can improve mental health by reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression.•Supporting details:–Research studies have shown that exercise can stimulate the release of endorphins, which are known as mood boosting chemicals.–Regular exercise can reduce symptoms of anxiety by increasing the body’s production ofserotonin, a neurotransmitter that regulates mood.–Exercise can also improve sleep quality and promote a sense of well-being.•Conclusion: Incorporating regular exercise into one’s daily routine c an greatly benefit mental health.Passage 2Key Points•Topic: The impact of social media on self-esteem•Main idea: Social media can negatively affect self-esteem due to the tendency to compare oneself to others and the pressure to portray a perfect life.•Supporting details:–Many people feel inadequate or inferior when comparing themselves to the idealized versions ofothers’ lives portrayed on social media.–Social media platforms often prioritize vanity metrics such as likes and followers, which can lead toa constant need for validation.–The need for validation from social media can detract from one’s self-worth and overall confidence.•Conclusion: It is important to use social media mindfully and recognize its potential negative effects on self-esteem.2. 完形填空（Cloze Test）Key Points•Topic: The benefits of reading•Main idea: Reading is beneficial for personal growth and development.•Supporting details:–Reading broadens one’s perspective and fosters empathy by exposing readers to differentcultures and experiences.–Reading improves cognitive skills such as critical thinking and problem-solving.–Reading enhances vocabulary and language skills.–Reading reduces stress and promotesrelaxation.•Conclusion: Incorporating regular reading habits can have a positive impact on personal growth and well-being.3. 选词填空（Word-Fill）Key Points•Topic: Sustainable living•Main idea: Sustainable living practices are crucial for preserving the environment and combating climate change.•Supporting details:–Conserving energy and water resources can help reduce carbon emissions and protect naturalhabitats.–Recycling and reducing waste can minimize the impact on landfills and encourage the use of recycledmaterials.–Promoting renewable energy sources like solar and wind power can decrease reliance on fossil fuels.–Adopting eco-friendly transportation options such as walking, cycling, or using public transport canreduce air pollution.•Conclusion: Embracing sustainable living practices is essential for a greener and more sustainable future.4. 信息匹配（Matching Information）Key Points•Topic: Strategies for effective time management•Strategies:1.Prioritize tasks: Identify the most importanttasks and start with those.2.Set goals and deadlines: Establish clear goalsand deadlines for each task to stay organized andmotivated.3.Break tasks into smaller steps: Breaking tasksinto smaller, manageable steps can make them lessoverwhelming.4.Avoid multitasking: Focus on one task at a timeto improve productivity and concentration.5.Minimize distractions: Eliminate or minimizedistractions like social media or noisy environments.6.Take breaks: Schedule short breaks to rest andrecharge, which can improve focus and productivity.7.Delegate responsibilities: Delegate tasks thatcan be done by others to free up time for moreimportant tasks.8.Learn to say no: Set boundaries and prioritizeyour own tasks to avoid taking on too much.5. 翻译（Translation）Key Points•Passage: The benefits of learning a second language •主要内容：–提高认知能力：学习第二语言可以训练思维能力，提高注意力和记忆力。
2022安徽普高专升本英语考试真题及答案
2022安徽普高专升本英语考试真题及答案全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12022 Anhui General High School Specialized Admissions English Exam Paper and AnswersPart I. Vocabulary and StructureSection A. Error RecognitionDirections: In each of the following sentences, there is one underlined part that may contain an error. For each question, identify the part that is incorrect. Then, write down the correct answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.1. The secretary advised / me that I must / check in at the airport / at least two hours early.Correct answer: advised2. The students were taught / on how to use / the new software / in yesterday's class.Correct answer: on how to use3. Neither of the students / were able to attend / the conference last week / due to their busy schedules.Correct answer: were4. I can't believe / that Sarah passed / her driving test / on her first attempt.Correct answer: that5. The company has announced / plans to increase / their production capacity / by 20% next year.Correct answer: theirSection B. Cloze TestDirections: Fill in the blanks with the correct word from the given options.My parents always remind me to be (6) ________ of other people's feelings. They taught me to be (7) ________ and understanding towards others, especially when they are going through a difficult time. (8) ________ is an important quality that I try to cultivate in myself every day. I believe that (9) ________ more compassionate and caring to those around us can make the world a better place.6. A) careful B) mindful C) conscious D) awareCorrect answer: B) mindful7. A) considerate B) thoughtful C) kind D) friendlyCorrect answer: A) considerate8. A) Empathy B) Sympathy C) Compassion D) PityCorrect answer: C) Compassion9. A) being B) to be C) been D) beCorrect answer: B) to bePart II. Reading ComprehensionSection A. Multiple Choice QuestionsDirections: Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow.The Benefits of ExerciseRegular exercise has numerous benefits for both physical and mental health. Not only does it help maintain a healthy weight and reduce the risk of chronic diseases, but it also improves mood and reduces stress levels. Exercise can increase energy levels and improve sleep quality, leading to a better overall quality of life.1. According to the passage, regular exercise can:A) increase stress levels.B) decrease energy levels.C) improve mood.D) reduce sleep quality.Correct answer: C) improve mood.2. What is one of the benefits of exercise mentioned in the passage?A) Increased risk of chronic diseases.B) Decreased energy levels.C) Improved sleep quality.D) Worsened overall quality of life.Correct answer: C) Improved sleep quality.3. The main idea of the passage is:A) Exercise is not essential for maintaining a healthy lifestyle.B) Regular exercise has no impact on mental health.C) Exercise has physical and mental health benefits.D) Exercise can lead to weight gain.Correct answer: C) Exercise has physical and mental health benefits.Section B. True or False QuestionsDirections: Read the statements below and write whether they are true (T) or false (F) according to the passage.1. Exercise has no impact on mental health.Correct answer: F (False)2. Regular exercise can improve sleep quality.Correct answer: T (True)3. Chronic diseases are not affected by exercise.Correct answer: F (False)Part III. WritingWrite an essay on the following topic:"The Importance of Learning a Second Language"In your essay, discuss why learning a second language is important and how it can benefit individuals in both their personal and professional lives. Provide examples to support your argument.Remember to structure your essay with an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Pay attention to grammar, vocabulary, and coherence in your writing.Overall, the 2022 Anhui General High School Specialized Admissions English Exam is designed to test students' proficiency in English language skills, including vocabulary, grammar, reading comprehension, and writing. Good luck to all the test takers!篇22022 Anhui General High School Entrance Examination for Undergraduate Programs English Test Questions and AnswersPart 1: Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questions that follow:George WashingtonGeorge Washington was born on February 22, 1732, in Westmoreland County, Virginia. He was the first president of the United States, serving two terms from 1789 to 1797. Washington played a key role in the American Revolution and was known for his leadership and integrity.1. When was George Washington born?A. February 22, 1732B. January 15, 1756C. December 7, 1632D. March 4, 18012. Where was George Washington born?A. New York CityB. Westmoreland County, VirginiaC. Boston, MassachusettsD. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania3. How many terms did George Washington serve as president?A. OneB. TwoC. ThreeD. Four1. A. February 22, 17322. B. Westmoreland County, Virginia3. B. TwoPart 2: WritingWrite an essay of at least 300 words on the following topic:The Importance of EducationEducation is crucial for personal and societal development. It opens doors to opportunities and helps individuals reach their full potential. In today's fast-paced world, a good education is more important than ever. Discuss the benefits of education and why it is essential for success in life.Part 3: Listening ComprehensionListen to the audio clip and answer the questions that follow:Question 1:What time is the meeting scheduled to start?A. 9:00 AMB. 10:00 AMC. 11:00 AMD. 12:00 PMQuestion 2:Where will the meeting take place?A. Conference Room AB. Conference Room BC. Conference Room CD. Conference Room DAnswers:1. B. 10:00 AM2. A. Conference Room AThat concludes the 2022 Anhui General High School Entrance Examination for Undergraduate Programs English Test. Good luck to all the test takers!篇3Title: 2022 Anhui High School College Entrance Examination for EnglishAs the benchmark for academic performance and future prospects, the Anhui High School College Entrance Examination for English is a significant milestone for students seeking to advance to higher education. The exam covers various aspects of the English language, from vocabulary and grammar to reading comprehension and writing skills. To help students prepare effectively, below are some sample questions from the 2022 exam along with their answers:Section I: Vocabulary and Grammar1. Choose the correct word to fill in the blank:I enjoy __________ to music in my free time.A. listenB. listenedC. listeningD. listensAnswer: C. listening2. Choose the appropriate preposition to complete the sentence:She is good _______ playing the piano.A. forB. atC. inD. onAnswer: B. at3. Identify the error in the following sentence:He doesn't went to the concert last night.A. doesn'tB. wentC. theD. lastAnswer: B. wentSection II: Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questions below:The benefits of reading are undeniable. Not only does reading improve vocabulary and comprehension skills, but it also enhances concentration and critical thinking abilities. In today'sdigital age, it is essential for individuals to cultivate a habit of reading to stay intellectually engaged.4. What are some benefits of reading mentioned in the passage?A. Improved vocabulary and comprehension skillsB. Enhanced concentration and critical thinking abilitiesC. Increased social media usageD. Decreased attention spanAnswer: A and B5. Why is reading important in today's digital age?A. To keep up with social media trendsB. To stay intellectually engagedC. To avoid concentration issuesD. To improve physical healthAnswer: BSection III: Writing Task6. Write a composition of at least 150 words on the topic: "The Importance of Learning a Second Language."Learning a second language has numerous benefits that extend beyond communication skills. Firstly, it broadens one's cultural awareness and understanding, fostering empathy and respect for different traditions and perspectives. Additionally, it enhances cognitive abilities such as problem-solving and multitasking. In today's globalized world, being proficient in a second language can open up a world of opportunities in terms of education, career advancement, and personal growth. Therefore, investing time and effort in learning a second language is a worthwhile endeavor that pays dividends in various aspects of life.In conclusion, the Anhui High School College Entrance Examination for English is a challenging yet rewarding experience for students aiming to excel academically. By honing their English language skills through diligent preparation and practice, students can confidently navigate the exam and achieve their desired results. Good luck to all the test-takers!。
2024黑龙江省专升本英语考试真题
2024黑龙江省专升本英语考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12024 Black Dragon River Province College English Test QuestionsPart I Listening Comprehension (30 points)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.1. A) He has a lot of homework to do.B) He wants to go abroad for further study.C) He will go out and have a cup of coffee.D) He needs go to the library.2. A) The shopping mall is now undergoing repairs.B) There are too many shops in the area.C) The shopping mall is closed on Mondays.D) The mall has gone out of business.3. A) Visit a friend.B) Buy tickets online.C) Get the man's phone number.D) Help the man book a ticket.4. A) In his office.B) Waiting for a phone call.C) Working on the report.D) Leaving the library.5. A) The woman should go home later.B) The woman looks tired and needs to rest.C) The woman should pay more attention to her health.D) The woman would like to have dinner with him. Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage One6. Why was the gorilla transferred to the new zoo?A) To prevent the gorilla from being bored.B) To provide a better living environment for the gorilla.C) To increase the number of visitors to the zoo.D) To help train the gorilla.7. How does the gorilla at the new zoo train for sports?A) By watching others play.B) By practicing in its own way.C) By being ignored.D) By doing physical exercises.Passage Two8. What is the woman's complaint about the storefront?A) The store's layout is too messy.B) The store doesn't accept cash payment.C) The store's customer service is poor.D) The store is always crowded.9. What is the purpose of the woman's call?A) To schedule a delivery.B) To change a delivery address.C) To check a delivery status.D) To complain about a delivery.Passage Three10. What are the children asked to do first?A) Pick their favourite picture.B) Read a book from the shelf.C) Fill out their personal information.D) Fill out a questionnaire.11. What is the possible reason for the children's laughter?A) The colourful pictures on the shelf.B) The stories read by the teacher.C) The cartoons shown on TV.D) The funny jokes told by the teacher.听力部分到此结束。
A Letter of Complaint 学生练习资料
A Letter of ComplaintA Letter of Complaint is a letter in which you complain about the goods you bought and the service you received. It is a business letter.1.Please put the sentences into the correct order to form a letter of complaint.____A). I would like to request either a full refund for the laptop or a replacement that works properly. I hope you can understand my frustration and help me resolve this issue quickly.____B)．I am writing to complain about a laptop I purchased from your store on September 15th for £899. I have been experiencing several issues with it, and I am disappointed with my purchase.____C). Thank you for your attention to this matter!____D). The bike was unstable and poorly made. The speed control stopped working. The machine that measures heartbeats also broke. A wheel broke as I was cycling at full speed. I pulled a muscle.2.Is this paragraph good enough?The bike was unstable and poorly made. The speed control stopped working. The machine that measures heartbeats also broke. A wheel broke as I was cycling at full speed. I pulled a muscle.3.Reorganize the reasons for the complaint by using linking words and expressions.___________, the bike was unstable and was poorly made. _________, the speed control stopped working. ________, the machine that measures heartbeats also broke. ___________________, a wheel broke as I was cycling at full speed. I pulled a muscle.When I took the bike back, ____________the manager refused to give back my money or repair the bike，________he was extremely rude.4.Linking wordspare above two paragraphs1)which one do you think is better?2)why?Homework(no less than 80 words)。
九年级英语数据处理单选题60题
九年级英语数据处理单选题60题1. When collecting data for a survey, which of the following methods is the most appropriate?A. Random samplingB. Convenience samplingC. V oluntary response samplingD. None of the above答案：A。
解析：随机抽样能够保证样本的代表性和随机性，减少偏差。
方便抽样可能导致样本不具有代表性；自愿回应抽样通常会引入偏差，因为只有那些愿意参与的人才会回应。
数据收集应尽量采用随机抽样以获得更可靠的结果。
2. Before organizing data, what is the first step?A. Cleaning the dataB. Defining the purpose of the data collectionC. Sorting the dataD. Analyzing the data答案：B。
解析：在整理数据之前，首先要明确收集数据的目的，这样才能确定如何组织和处理数据。
清理数据、排序数据和分析数据都是后续的步骤。
3. Which of the following is not a way to collect data?A. ObservingB. ExperimentingC. GuessingD. Interviewing答案：C。
解析：猜测不是一种有效的收集数据的方式。
观察、实验和访谈都是常见的数据收集方法，能够获取真实可靠的信息。
4. In data collection, which of the following should be avoided?A. Repeated dataB. Missing dataC. Inaccurate dataD. All of the above答案：D。
电子行业英语大全
品质专业英语大全从事品质工作以来积累的常用英语，希望对有需要的朋友有所帮品质专业英语大全零件材料类的专有名词CPU: central processing unit(中央处理器)IC: Integrated circuit(集成电路)Memory IC: Memory Integrated circuit（记忆集成电路）RAM: Random Access Memory（随机存取存储器）DRAM: Dynamic Random Access Memory（动态随机存取存储器）SRAM: Staic Random Access Memory（静态随机存储器）ROM: Read-only Memory（只读存储器）EPROM:Electrical Programmable Read-only Memory（电可抹只读存诸器）EEPROM: Electrical Erasbale Programmable Read-only Memory（电可抹可编程只读存储器）CMOS: Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor（互补金属氧化物半导体）BIOS: Basic Input Output System（基本输入输出系统）Transistor：电晶体LED:发光二极体Resistor：电阻Variator：可变电阻Capacitor:电容Capacitor array：排容Diode：二极体Transistor：三极体Transformer：变压器（ADP）Oscillator：频率振荡器（0sc）Crystal：石英振荡器XTAL/OSC:振荡产生器（X）Relay：延时器Sensor：感应器Bead core：磁珠Filter:滤波器Flat Cable：排线Inductor：电感Buzzer：蜂鸣器Socket：插座Slot：插槽Fuse：熔断器Current：电流表Solder iron：电烙铁Magnifying glass：放大镜Caliper：游标卡尺Driver：螺丝起子Oven：烤箱TFT:液晶显示器Oscilloscope：示波器Connector：连接器PCB:printed circuit board（印刷电路板）PCBA: printed circuit board assembly（电路板成品）PP:并行接口HDD:硬盘FDD:软盘PSU:power supply unit（电源供应器）SPEC:规格Attach:附件Case: 机箱，盖子Cover：上盖Base：下盖Bazel：面板（panel）Bracket：支架，铁片Lable：贴纸Guide：手册Manual：手册，指南Card：网卡Switch：交换机Hub：集线器Router：路由器Sample：样品Gap：间隙Sponge：海绵Pallet：栈板Foam：保利龙Fiber：光纤Disk：磁盘片PROG:程序Barcode：条码System：系统System Barcode：系统条码M/B:mother board：主板CD-ROM:光驱FAN:风扇Cable：线材Audio：音效K/B:Keyboard（键盘）Mouse：鼠标Riser card：转接卡Card reader：读卡器Screw：螺丝Thermal pad：散热垫Heat sink：散热片Rubber：橡胶垫Rubber foot：脚垫Bag：袋子Washer：垫圈Sleeve：袖套Config：机构Label hi-pot：高压标签Firmware label：烧录标签Metal cover：金属盖子Plastic cover：塑胶盖子Tape for packing：包装带Bar code：条码Tray：托盘Collecto：集线夹Holder：固定器,L铁Connecter：连接器IDE:集成电路设备，智能磁盘设备SCSI:小型计算机系统接口Gasket：导电泡棉AGP:加速图形接口PCI:周边组件扩展接口LAN:局域网USB:通用串形总线架构Slim：小型化COM:串型通讯端口LPT:打印口，并行口Power cord：电源线I/O:输入，输出Speaker：扬声器EPE:泡棉Carton：纸箱Button：按键，按钮Foot stand：脚架部门名称的专有名词QS:Quality system品质系统CS:Coutomer Sevice 客户服务QC:Quality control品质管理IQC:Incoming quality control 进料检验LQC:Line Quality Control 生产线品质控制IPQC:In process quality control 制程检验FQC:Final quality control 最终检验OQC:Outgoing quality control 出货检验QA:Quality assurance 品质保证SQA:Source(supplier) Quality Assurance 供应商品质保证(VQA) CQA：Customer Quality Assurance客户质量保证PQA rocess Quality Assurance 制程品质保证QE:Quality engineer 品质工程CE:component engineering零件工程EE:equipment engineering设备工程ME:manufacturing engineering制造工程TE:testing engineering测试工程PPE roduct Engineer 产品工程IE:Industrial engineer 工业工程ADM: Administration Department行政部RMA:客户退回维修CSDI:检修PC:producing control生管MC:mater control物管GAD: General Affairs Dept总务部A/D: Accountant /Finance Dept会计LAB: Laboratory实验室DOE:实验设计HR:人资PMC:企划RD:研发W/H:仓库SI:客验PD: Product Department生产部PA:采购(PUR: Purchaing Dept)SMT:Surface mount technology 表面粘着技术MFG:Manufacturing 制造MIS:Management information system 资迅管理系统DCC:document control center 文件管制中心厂内作业中的专有名词QT:Quality target品质目标QP:Quality policy目标方针QI:Quality improvement品质改善CRITICAL DEFECT:严重缺点（CR）MAJOR DEFECT:主要缺点（MA）MINOR DEFECT:次要缺点（MI）MAX:Maximum最大值MIN:Minimum最小值DIA iameter直径DIM imension尺寸LCL:Lower control limit管制下限UCL:Upper control limit管制上限EMI:电磁干扰ESD:静电防护EPA:静电保护区域ECN:工程变更ECO:Engineering change order工程改动要求（客户）ECR:工程变更需求单CPI:Continuous Process Improvement 连续工序改善Compatibility：兼容性Marking：标记DWG rawing图面Standardization：标准化Consensus：一致Code：代码ZD:Zero defect零缺点Tolerance：公差Subject matter：主要事项Auditor：审核员BOM:Bill of material物料清单Rework：重工ID：identification识别,鉴别,证明PILOT RUN: (试投产)FAI:首件检查FPIR：First Piece Inspection Report首件检查报告FAA:首件确认SPC：统计制程管制CP: capability index（准确度）CPK: capability index of process(制程能力)PMP:制程管理计划（生产管制计划）MPI:制程分析DAS efects Analysis System 缺陷分析系统PPB：十亿分之一Flux：助焊剂P/N:料号L/N：Lot Number批号Version：版本Quantity：数量Valid date：有效日期MIL-STD：Military-Standard军用标准ICT: In Circuit Test (线路测试)ATE：Automatic Test Equipment自动测试设备MO: Manafacture Order生产单T/U: Touch Up (锡面修补)I/N:手插件P/T:初测F/T: Function Test (功能测试-终测)AS 组立P/K:包装TQM:Total quality control全面品质管理MDA:manufacturing defect analysis制程不良分析(ICT) RUN-IN:老化实验HI-pot：高压测试FMI：Frequency Modulation Inspect高频测试DPPM: Defect Part Per Million(不良率的一种表达方式：百万分之一) 1000PPM即为0.1% Corrective Action: (CAR改善对策)ACC：允收REJ:拒收S/S：Sample size抽样检验样本大小SI-SIV：Special I-Special IV特殊抽样水平等级CON：Concession / Waive特采ISO:国际标准化组织ISA：Industry Standard Architecture工业标准体制结构OBA:开箱稽核FIFO:先进先出PDCA:管理循环Plan do check action计划，执行，检查，总结WIP:在制品（半成品）S/O: Sales Order (业务订单)P/O: Purchase Order (采购订单)P/R: Purchase Request (请购单)AQL:acceptable quality level允收品质水准LQL;Limiting quality level最低品质水准QVL:qualified vendor list合格供应商名册A VL ：认可的供货商清单(Approved Vendor List) QCD: Quality cost delivery（品质，交期，成本）MPM:Manufacturing project management制造专案管理KPI:Key performance indicate重要绩效指标MVT:Manufacturing Verification Test制造验证试产Q/R/S：Quality/Reliability/Service质量/可靠度/服务STL:ship to line（料到上线）NTF:No trouble found误判CIP:capacity improvement plan（产能改善计划）MRB:material review board（物料审核小组）MRB:Material reject bill退货单JIT:just in time（即时管理）5S:seiri seiton seiso seiketsu shitsuke（整理，整顿，清扫，清洁，修养）SOP:standard operation process（标准作业程序）SIP:Specification inspection process制程检验规范TOP: Test Operation Process (测试作业流程)WI: working instruction（作业指导书）SMD:surface mounting device（表面粘着原件）FAR:failure aualysis report故障分析报告CAR:Corrective action report改善报告BPR：企业流程再造(Business Process Reengineering)ISAR ：首批样品认可(Initial Sample Approval Request)-JIT：实时管理(Just In Time)QCC ：品管圈(Quality Control Circle)Engineering Department (工程部)TQEM: Total Quality Environment Management(全面品质环境管理)PD: Production Department (制造)LOG: Logistics (后勤支持)Shipping: (进出口)AOQ：Average Output Quality平均出货质量AOQL：Average Output Quality Level平均出货质量水平FMEA：failure model effectiveness analysis失效模式分析CRB: Change Review Board (工程变更会议)CSA：Customer Simulate Analysis客户模拟分析SQMS：Supplier Quality Management System供应商品质管理系统QIT: Quality Improvement Team 品质改善小组QIP：Quality Improvement Plan品质改善计划CIP：Continual Improvement Plan持续改善计划SCAR: Supplier Corrective Action Report (供货商改善对策报告) 8D Sheet: 8 Disciplines sheet ( 8D单)PDCA：PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Action) (管理循环)MPQ: Material Packing Quantity (物料最小包装量)DSCN: Delivery Schedule Change Notice (交期变更通知) QAPS: Quality Assurance Process Sheet (品质工程表)DRP ：运销资源计划(Distribution Resource Planning) DSS：决策支持系统(Decision Support System)EC ：电子商务(Electronic Commerce)EDI ：电子资料交换(Electronic Data Interchange)EIS ：主管决策系统(Excutive Information System)ＥＲＰ：企业资源规划(Enterprise Resource Planning)FMS ：弹性制造系统(Flexible Manufacture System)KM ：知识管理(Knowledge Management)4L ：逐批订购法(Lot-for-Lot)LTC ：最小总成本法(Least Total Cost)LUC ：最小单位成本(Least Unit Cost)MES ：制造执行系统(Manufacturing Execution System) MPS ：主生产排程(Master Production Schedule)MRP ：物料需求规划(Material Requirement Planning) MRPⅡ：制造资源计划(Manufacturing Resource Planning) OEM ：委托代工(Original Equipment Manufacture) ODM ：委托设计与制造(Original Design & Manufacture) OLAP：线上分析处理(On-Line Analytical Processing) OLTP：线上交易处理(On-Line Transaction Processing) OPT ：最佳生产技术(Optimized Production Technology) PDCA：PDCA管理循环(Plan-Do-Check-Action)PDM：产品数据管理系统(Product Data Management)) RCCP：粗略产能规划(Rough Cut Capacity Planning) SCM ：供应链管理(Supply Chain Management)SFC ：现场控制(Shop Floor Control)TOC：限制理论(Theory of Constraints)TQC ：全面品质管制(Total Quality Control)FYI/R:for your information/reference仅供参考ASAP:尽快S/T:Standard time标准时间TPM:total production maintenance：全面生产保养ESD Wrist strap：静电环IT:information technology信息技术，资讯科学CEO：Chief Executive Officer执行总裁COO：Chief Operaring Officer首席业务总裁SWOT：Strength,Weakness,Opportunity,Threat优势﹐弱点﹐机会﹐威胁Competence：专业能力Communication：有效沟通Cooperation：统御融合Vibration Testing：振动测试IDP：Individual Development Plan个人发展计划MRP：Material Requirement Planning物料需求计划MAT'S：Material材料LRR：Lot Rejeet Rate批退率ATIN：Attention知会3C：Computer ,Communication , Consumer electronic消费性电子5W1H：When , Where , Who , What , Why , How5M: Man , Machine , Material , Method , Measurement人,机器,材料,方法,测量4MIE: Man,Material,Machine,Method,Environment人力,物力,财务,技术,时间(资源)7M1I: Manpower , Machine , Material , Method, Market , Management , Money , Information人力，机器，材料，方法, 市场，管理，资金，资讯1 Accuracy 准确度2 Action 行动3 Activity 活动4 Analysis Covariance 协方差分析5 Analysis of Variance 方差分析6 Approved 承认7 Attribute 计数值8 Average 平均数9 Balance sheet 资产负债对照表10 Binomial 二项分配11 Brainstorming Techniques 脑力风暴法12 Cause and Effect Matrix 因果图(鱼骨图)13 CL:Center Line 中心线14 Check Sheets 检查表15 Complaint 投诉16 Conformity 合格（符合）17 Control 控制18 Control chart 控制(管制)图19 Correction 纠正20 Correlation Methods 相关分析法21 CPI: continuouse Process Improvement 连续工序改善22 Cross Tabulation Tables 交叉表23 CS: Customer Sevice 客（户）服（务）中心24 DSA: Defects Analysis System 缺陷分析系统25 Data 数据Description:品名26 DCC: Document Control Center 文控中心27 Decision 决策、判定28 Defects per unit 单位缺点数29 Description 描述30 Device 装置31 Do 执行32 DOE: Design of Experiments 实验设计33 Element 元素34 Engineering recbnology 工程技35 Environmental 环境36 Equipment 设备37 Estimated accumulative frequency 计算估计累计数38 E Equipment Variation 设备变异39 External Failure 外部失效,外部缺陷40 FA: Failure Analysis 失效分析41 Fact control 事实管理42 Fatigue 疲劳43 FMEA: Failure Mode and Effect Analysis失效模式与效果分析44 FP First-Pass Yield （第一次通过）合格率45 FQA: Final Quality Assurance 最终品质保证46 FQC: Final Quality control 最终品质控制47 Gauge system 测量系统48 Grade 等级49 Histogram 直方图50 Improvement 改善51 Initial review 先期审查52 Inspection 检验53 Internal Failure 内部失效、内部缺陷54 IPQC: In Process Quality Control 制程品质控制55 IQC: Incomming Quality Control 来料品质控制56 IS International Organization for Standardization 国际标准化组织57 LCL: Lower Control limit 管制下限58 LQC: Line Quality Control 生产线品质控制59 LSL: Lower Size Limit 规格下限60 Machine 机械61 Manage 管理62 Materials 物料63 Measurement 测量64 Median 中位数65 MSA: Measurement System Analysis 测量系统分析66 Occurrence 发生率67 Operation Instruction 作业指导书68 Organization 组织69 Parto 柏拉图70 PPM arts per Million （百万分之）不良率71 Plan 计划72 Policy 方针73 Population 群体74 PQA: Process Quality Assurance 制程品质保证75 Practice 实务(践)76 Prevention 预防77 Probability 机率78 Probability density function 机率密度函数79 Procedure 流程80 Process 过程81 Process capability analysis 制程能力分析（图）82 Process control and Process capability制程管制与制程能力83 Product 产品84 Production 生产85 Projects 项目86 QA: Quality Assurance 品质保证87 QC: Quality Control 品质控制88 QE: Quality Engineering 品质工程89 QFD: Quality Function Desgin 品质机能展开(法)90 Quality 质量91 Quality manual 品质手册92 Quality policy 品质政策(质量方针)93 Random experiment 随机试验94 Random numbers 随机数95 R:Range 全距（极差）96 Reject 拒收97 Repair 返修98 Repeatusility 再现性99 Reproducibility 再生性100 Requirement 要求101 Responsibilities 职责102 Review 评审103 Reword 返工104 Rolled yield 直通率105 RPN: Risk Priority Number 风险系数106 Sample 抽样,样本107 Sample space 样本空间108 Sampling with replacement 放回抽样109 Sampling without replacement 不放回抽样110 Scatter diagram 散布图分析111 Scrap 报废112 Simple random sampling 简单随机取样113 Size 规格114 SL: Size Line 规格中心线115 Stratified random sampling 分层随机抽样116 SOP: Standard Operation Procedure 标准作业书117 SPC: Statistical Process Control 统计制程管制118 Specification 规范119 SQA: Source(Supplier) Quality Assurance 供货商品质保证120 Stage sampling 分段随机抽样121 Standard Deviation 标准差122 Sum of squares 平方和123 Taguchi-method 田口(试验)方法124 Theory 原理125 TQC: Total Quality Control 全面品质控制126 TQM: Total Quality Management 全面品质管理127 Traceablity 追溯128 Training 培训129 UCL: Upper Control Limit 管制（控制）上限130 USL: Upper Size Limit 规格上限131 Validation 确认132 Variable 计量值133 Verification 验证134 Version 版本135 VOC: V oice of Customer 客户需求136 VOE: V oice of Engineer 工程需求137 Inventory stock report:庫存清单报告138 Sales order report:出货报告质量人员名称类QC quality control 品质管理人员FQC final quality control 终点质量管理人员IPQC in process quality control 制程中的质量管理人员OQC output quality control 最终出货质量管理人员IQC incoming quality control 进料质量管理人员TQC total quality control 全面质量管理POC passage quality control 段检人员QA quality assurance 质量保证人员OQA output quality assurance 出货质量保证人员QE quality engineering 质量工程人员质量保证类FAI first article inspection 新品首件检查FAA first article assurance 首件确认CP capability index 能力指数CPK capability process index 模具制程能力参数SSQA standardized supplier quality audit 合格供货商质量评估FMEA failure model effectiveness analysis 失效模式分析FQC运作类AQL Acceptable Quality Level 运作类允收质量水平S/S Sample size 抽样检验样本大小ACC Accept 允收REE Reject 拒收CR Critical 极严重的MAJ Major 主要的MIN Minor 轻微的Q/R/S Quality/Reliability/Service 质量/可靠度/服务P/N Part Number 料号L/N Lot Number 批号AOD Accept On Deviation 特采UAI Use As It 特采FPIR First Piece Inspection Report 首件检查报告PPM Percent Per Million 百万分之一制程统计品管专类SPC Statistical Process Control 统计制程管制SQC Statistical Quality Control 统计质量管理GRR Gauge Reproductiveness & Repeatability 量具之再制性及重测性判断量可靠与否DIM Dimension 尺寸DIA Diameter 直径N Number 样品数其它质量术语类QIT Quality Improvement Team 质量改善小组ZD Zero Defect 零缺点QI Quality Improvement 质量改善QP Quality Policy 目标方针TQM Total Quality Management 全面质量管理RMA Return Material Audit 退料认可7QCTools 7 Quality Control Tools 品管七大手法通用之件类ECN Engineering Change Notice 工程变更通知(供货商) ECO Engineering Change Order 工程改动要求(客户) PCN Process Change Notice 工序改动通知PMP Product Management Plan 生产管制计划SIP Standard Inspection Procedure 制程检验标准程序SOP Standard Operation Procedure 制造作业规范IS Inspection Specification 成品检验规范BOM Bill Of Material 物料清单PS Package Specification 包装规范SPEC Specification 规格DWG Drawing 图面系统文件类ES Engineering Standard 工程标准CGOO China General PCE龙华厂文件IWS International Workman Standard 工艺标准ISO International Standard Organization 国际标准化组织GS General Specification 一般规格部类PMC Production & Material Control 生产和物料控制PCC Product control center 生产管制中心PPC Production Plan Control 生产计划控制MC Material Control 物料控制DC Document Center 资料中心QE Quality Engineering 质量工程(部)QA Quality Assurance 质量保证(处)QC Quality Control 质量管理(课)PD Product Department 生产部LAB Laboratory 实验室IE Industrial Engineering 工业工程R&D Research & Design 设计开发部生产类PCs Pieces 个(根,块等)PRS Pairs 双(对等)CTN Carton 卡通箱PAL Pallet/skid 栈板PO Purchasing Order 采购订单MO Manufacture Order 生产单D/C Date Code 生产日期码ID/C Identification Code (供货商)识别码SWR Special Work Request 特殊工作需求L/N Lot Number 批号P/N Part Number 料号OEM Original Equipment Manufacture 原设备制造PC Personal Computer 个人计算机CPU Central Processing Unit 中央处理器E-MAIL Electrical-Mail 电子邮件N/A Not Applicable 不适用QTY Quantity 数量I/O input/output 输入/输出NG Not Good 不行,不合格C=0 Critical=0 极严重不允许APP Approve 核准,认可,承认CHK Check 确认ASS'Y Assembly 装配,组装T/P True Position 真位度5WIH When, Where, Who, What, Why, How to6M Man, Machine, Material, Method, Measurement, Message4MTH Man, Material, Money, Method, Time, How 人力,物力,财务,技术,时间(资源) SQA Strategy Quality Assurance 策略质量保证DQA Design Quality Assurance 设计质量保证MQA Manufacture Quality Assurance 制造质量保证SSQA Sales and service Quality Assurance 销售及服务质量保证LRR Lot Reject Rate 批退率SPS Switching power supply 电源箱DT Desk Top 卧式(机箱)MT Mini-Tower 立式(机箱)DVD Digital Video DiskVCD Video Compact DiskLCD Liquid Crystal DisplayCAD Computer Aided DesignCAM Computer Aided ManufacturingCAE Computer Aided EngineeringPCB Printed Circuit Board 印刷电路板CAR Correction Action Report 改善报告NG Not Good 不良WDR Weekly Delivery Requirement 周出货要求PPM Percent Per Million 百万分之一TPM Total Production Maintenance 全面生产保养MRP Material Requirement Planning 物料需计划OS Operation System 操作系统TBA To Be Assured 待定,定缺D/C Drawing ChangeP/P Plans & ProcedureEMI Electrical-Music Industry 电子音乐工业Electrical Magnetic Interference 电子干扰RFI Read Frequency Input 读频输入MMC Maximum Material ConditionMMS Maximum Material SizeLMC Least Material ConditionLMS Least Material SizeLED lighting-emitting diode 发光二极管QBR Quarter Business RecordCIP Continuous improvement processFGI Forecasted Goal InventoryCNC Computerized numeral controllerB2C Business to customerB2B Business to businessA VL Approved vendor listPOP Procedure of packagingEOL End of lifeVDCS Vender defect correcting sheet PDCS Process defect correcting sheet GRN Goods receiving noteA/R Accounting receivableA/P Accounting payable专业词汇通用类president董事长operator作业员position职务general manager总经理special assistant 特助deputy manager |'depjuti| =vice manager副理deputy supervisor =vice supervisor副课长group leader组长line leader线长supervisor 课长responsible department负责单位Human Resources Department人力资源部Head count 人数production department生产部门planning department企划部QC Section品管课stamping factory冲压厂painting factory烤漆厂molding factory成型厂administration/general affairs dept./总务部production unit生产单位meeting minutes会议记录distribution department分发单位subject主题conclusion结论decision items决议事项pre-fixed finishing date预定完成日Color management 颜色管理Visual management 目视管理production capacity生产力first count初盘first check初盘复棹second count 复盘second check复盘复核quantity of physical inventory second count 复盘点数量physical inventory盘点数量physical count quantity账面数量difference quantity差异量spare parts physical inventory list备品盘点清单cause analysis原因分析waste materials废料description品名specification 规格model机种work order工令revision版次remark备注registration登记registration card登记卡to control管制application form for purchase请购单consume, consumption消耗to notify通知to fill in填写to collect, to gather收集statistics统计cosmetic inspection standard 外观检验规范computer case 计算机外壳(组件)personal computer enclosure 计算机机箱产品front plate前板rear plate后板chassis |'∫æsi| 基座bezel panel面板Hood 上盖base pan 基座bezel 面板riser card 扩充卡flat cable 排线TOP driver cage 上磁架bottom driver cage 下磁架resin film 树脂膜raw materials原料materials物料steel plate钢板roll/coil material卷料spare parts =buffer备品plastic parts塑料件sheet metal parts/stamping parts 冲件material check list物料检查表finished product成品semi-finished product半成品good product/accepted goods/ accepted parts/good parts良品defective product/non-good parts不良品disposed goods处理品warehouse/hub仓库packing material包材basket蝴蝶竺plastic basket胶筐flow chart流程窗体production tempo生产进度现状lots of production生产批量manufacture procedure制程to revise, modify修订to switch over to, switch—to, switching over切换engineering bottleneck, project difficulty工程瓶颈glove(s)手套glove(s) with exposed fingers割手套Band-Aid创可贴Industrial alcohol工业酒精broom扫把mop拖把vacuum cleaner吸尘器rag 抹布garbage container灰箕garbage can垃圾箱garbage bag垃圾袋liaison联络单rags抹布lamp holder灯架to mop the floor拖地to clean a table擦桌子air pipe 气管delivery deadline交货期die worker模工production, to produce生产equipment设备resistance电阻beacon警示灯coolant冷却液crusher破碎机club car高尔夫球车plate电镀power button电源按键reset button重置键forklift叉车Workshop traveler 天车trailer =long vehicle拖板车Hydraulic trolley手压车hydraulic hand jack油压板车casing = containerization装箱velocity速度patent专利coordinate坐标supply and demand供求career card履历卡barricade隔板carton box纸箱to pull and stretch拉深work cell/work shop工作间sub-line支线bottleneck 瓶颈模具工程类plain die简易模pierce die冲孔模forming die成型模progressive die连续模stage die工程模compound die复合模shearing die剪边模riveting die铆合模feature die公母模male die公模female die母模cavity型控母模core模心公模die change 换模to fix a die装模to repair a die修模punch set上模座punch pad上垫板punch holder上夹板stripper pad脱料背板up stripper上脱料板upper plate上模板lower plate下模板die pad下垫板die holder下夹板die set下模座bottom block下垫脚bottom plate下托板(底板)upper supporting blank上承板upper padding plate blank上垫板top plate上托板（顶板）top block上垫脚stripping plate内外打(脱料板) outer stripper外脱料板inner stripper内脱料板lower stripper下脱料板punch冲头insert入块(嵌入件)deburring punch压毛边冲子groove punch压线冲子stamped punch字模冲子round punch圆冲子special shape punch异形冲子bending block折刀roller滚轴baffle plate挡块。
汽车维修接待处英语
3
改革创新示范教材
东北大学出版社
任务 实施
Reply for Customers’ Complaint
Dialogue 1 A: Hello, this is Ford 4S store, New Century Automobile Company. B: Hi, I’m afraid I have to make a complaint with your company. A: Oh, I’m sorry to hear that. What’s it about? B: My car was changed into new tires and carried out wheel alignment the other day. But I found that there must be something wrong with the angles, because the front wheels run deviation. A: So sorry, we apologize for causing you much inconvenience. If convenient, you could drive back to our company. We will check it again. B: OK, how about tomorrow? A: No problem, May I know your name and car number? B: This is Johnson, A 0168 A: I’ll make an arrangement as soon as possible. See you tomorrow. B: Than新示范教材
知识 准备
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ENGLISH WRITING EXERCISE SHEET
First of all, after the investigation, we agreed that the facilities in room 5012 were awful. And then, we must apologize for the bad air-conditioning, our staff’s terrible service, dirty bathroom, hot water and the noise.
After the investigation, we had checked all the air-conditioning and water heater in our hotel especially room 5012. If there were something wrong with them, we had repaired. About the dirty bathroom, I promise that the clean in our hotel is very good. However, I had asked the dustman who charged your room. She told me that that day she had asked for leave, but the manger forgot to arrange another dustman to clean your bathroom. And as for the noise, I am sorry to bother you that day. On that night, the error was caused by the electricians who had no time to check the electric wires during the day. So they checked them at night. At last, it’s about our staff’s terrible service. I had taught them and I hope you can forgive them.
As a result, I knew that our hotel gave you a bad impression. At the same time, it is bad for our hotel to keep developing in the future. So I had required the superior could appropriate fund for the repair of the facilities in our hotel. And they had made a promise to do that. What’s more, we will spend two months to repair the facilities.
I hope you can live in our hotel. At that time, we must give you a good impression. And we assure you that that will not happen again. In addition, in order to express our apology, we will give you a satisfying discount.
We look forward to your coming.
Yours sincerely,
General manager。