王长喜六级冲刺试题2

冲刺试题二Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled To Issue Consumption Coupons or Not? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. 目前有些地方发放消费券以刺激经济2. 是否应该发放消费券，人们看法不一3. 我认为……T o Issue Consumption Coupons or Not?_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Sustainable CommunitiesAccording to the World Wildlife Fund, people are currently using resources 25 percent faster than they can bereplaced. If we continue down this course, we will need a second planet by the year 2050.Sustainable communities attempt to change that course by drastically altering how citizens interact with the environment.Alternatively known as green communities or ecovillages (生态村)，sustainable communities vary in their approaches to sustainable living, o r a way of life that meets the population‟s basic needs in ways that can be continued indefinitely for future generations. Some communities focus solely on enriching the environment, while others also aim to improve social and economic conditions as well.Characteristics of Sustainable Living CommunitiesSustainable communities generally strive to minimize waste, reduce consumption and preserve open space. Ideally, they don‟t use resources faster than they can be replaced, and they don‟t produce waste faste r than it can be assimilated back into the environment. Granted, some communities are more radical than others — living entirely off the grid and eschewing (避开) the use of government-printed money — but the basic principles are similar.Designing the neighborhood to encourage walking or bicycling is one way sustainable communities put these first two principles into practice. Less driving means less gas and emissions. Many ecovillages also incorporate work space into homes or encourage telecommuting. They also might zone part of the development for commercial use, essentially making the community a self-contained environment where residents don‟t even have to leave for shopping or entertainment. This design sometimes is called a live-work-play lifestyle.Using green building techniques is another staple of sustainable communities. Here are a few examples:· Architects design buildings to take advantage of the sun‟s lighting and heating capabilities.· They install energy-efficient appliances.·They try to use local sources of materials as much as possible to cut back on the environmental costs of transport.· They build with durable, non-toxic materials that have either been recycled or sustainably harvested.Y ou might see straw bale (草捆) houses, which essentially use bales of straw as the structural building blocks; cob houses, which are a mix of straw, clay and sand or earthbag homes, which are exactly what they sound like, homes made out of bags of dirt.Along with green building techniques, sustainable communities rely on green gardening methods. They landscape with native, drought-tolerant plants and raise them organically to reduce water and keep pesticides and herbicides out of the environment.Many communities also set aside a significant portion of their land as open space. Serenbe, for example, reserves 80 percent of its 900 acres for green space; that is 720 acres of rolling hills, woods and streams free ofdevelopment, quite a contrast to the concrete-laden urban sprawl of Atlanta just 32 miles away.Another way sustainable communities reduce their ecological footprint is by capturing and recycling their wastes, often creating their own contained natural cycles. Instead of treating normally perceived waste products such as rainwater and sewage as pollution to be gotten rid of, residents turn them into resources. Sewage, for example, is turned into compost that fertilizes plants and increases soil productivity, while captured rainwater is cleansed through innovative filtering systems and reused of watering plants.Examples of Sustainable CommunitiesMore than 400 ecovillages exist in the world, according to the Global Ecovillage Network database. The following examples outline life in just two of these communities.Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage, Missouri.Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage is a developing community in northeastern Missouri with far-reaching goals. It aims to be an entirely self-reliant town that practices “radical environmental sustainability”, according to the community‟s Webs ite. The town‟s founders hope to attract between 500 and 1,000 residents to create a diverse community more capable of providing for all of its own needs. Dancing Rabbit even has its own local currency to encourage local trading and sourcing of jobs.The ecovillage has established a set of six guidelines that may seem extreme to the lazy environmentalists among us, but should set the town well on its way towards achieving sustainability.1. No vehicles are to be used or stored in the village.2. Fossil fuel s for cars, refrigeration, heating and cooling homes, as well heating domestic water aren‟t allowed.3. All gardening must be organic.4. All power must come from renewable resources.5. No lumber from outside the local area is allowed unless it is recycled or salvaged.6. Organic waste and recyclable materials are to be reincorporated into usable products through composting methods.Long term, Dancing Rabbit citizens are trying to achieve negative population growth. If they want the current 50 or so residents to become 500 or 1,000, they may want to rethink that last guideline.Los Angeles Ecovillage, California.Y ou might think sustainable communities have to be set in the country, but that‟s not true. Located just three miles west of downtown Los Angeles, the Los Angeles Ecovillage (LAEV) is a community of 500 residents seeking to have minimal impact on the environment while also providing a fulfilling way of life. The urban location near public transit, schools, churches, commercial services and industry helps residents drive less, while the dozens ofgardens and fruit trees provide a local source of food.LAEV takes a whole-systems approach to sustainability, meaning that residents strive to balance the social, economic and environmental needs of the community. Here, clean water and air rank up there with close-knit relationships, ethnic diversity and affordable housing. Citizens have saved 20 tons of brick from the landfill to use in construction projects, composted over 100 cubic yards of yard waste and held countless weekly potluck dinners to establish and strengthen relationships. Who knew that sustainability could be possible even in one of the largest, most polluted cities in the United States?Other Eco-Friendly CommunitiesResidents of the two sustainable communities we just discussed deliberately placed sustainability at the top of their agenda. But communities spring up for lots of reasons not related to the environment, and sometimes the Earth benefits.Before “green” was the new buzzword and sust ainability was cool, Old Order Amish communities were quietly co-existing with the planet since the early 18th century. While members of this religious group didn‟t consciously develop their way of life to help the environment, their simple farm-based livi ng doesn‟t hurt it.The Amish use horses to power their farm equipment and to get around. Their homes have no electricity; instead, they use lanterns (灯笼) for light. In stark contrast to the rampant consumerism visible in many countries, the Amish do not own things they don‟t need. They wear simple clothes, and their houses are sparsely furnished. Amish communities didn‟t have to “return to the earth” to achieve their brand of sustainability. They were there all along.Cohousing developments offer another example of a living arrangement that unwittingly (未觉察地) practices sustainability. These developments typically are designed to encourage and strengthen social relationships, rather than to tread lightly on the environment, but, as it turns out, the two often go hand in hand. Although residents in a cohousing development enjoy the privacy of their own homes, they share a common building and other resources.Sharing major appliances like washing machines, power tools and heavy equipment forces you to interact with your neighbors while reducing resource use. In addition, it allows individual houses to be smaller, which, along with the clustered arrangement of homes, preserves land. People who own cars (some people share cars) park them on the sides of the neighborhood to create a pedestrian-friendly environment safe for children. Several times a week, residents may also eat a shared meal in the common building to strengthen ties. Cooking for many on one stove is much more energy efficient than cooking for 20 on separate stoves.1. If we continue to use resources 25%faster than their replacement, before 2050 we will _______.[A] need another planet called the Earth[B] use up resources on Earth[C] find replaceable resources[D] use resources from another planet2. In order to reduce resource consumption and minimize waste, sustainable communities encourage people to _______.[A] forbid shopping or entertainment[B] forbid driving within the sustainable communities[C] use telecommuting methods to contact with friends[D] integrate the function of working and living for their home3. According to the passage, green building techniques require _______.[A] people to avoid using energy-efficient electrical appliances[B] businessmen to resist durable and poisonous building materials[C] architects to make use of the sun‟s lighting and heating capabilities[D] architects to employ local labors to exploit local sources of materials4. How is sustainable public space developed in Serenbe?[A] Citizens can grow trees freely in the space.[B] People plant trees and make water flow in that space.[C] Concrete walls are made outside the place for a protection.[D] Natural things in that space develop without human disturbance.5. In sustainable communities, rainwater is regarded as _______.[A] a replacement for dinking water[B] a fertilizer to enrich soil[C] renewable resources[D] a waste product6. In what way is Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage radical in its development?[A] The village aims to be independent by circulating its local currency.[B] The village tends to be entirely self-reliant by providing all it needs.[C] It allows 500 to 1,000 residents to create a diverse community.[D] It‟s the first ecovillage to establish the community website.7. According to the passage, how many residents is living in Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage now?[A] About 50.[B] About 100.[C] About 500.[D] About 1,000.8. LAEV‟s urban location near downtown offers it both convenient transportation and ________________________.9. Residents of Old Order Amish communities began unconsciously to practice sustainable living since ________________________.10. By sharing important appliances with neighbors, you can communicate with them as well as ________________________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. [A] To invite the man to join them.[B] To suggest politely that he leave.[C] To offer to let him help cook.[D] To encourage him to have another drink.12. [A] There is a flood every two years.[B] The flood is the worst ever since the fifties.[C] There is a serious drought.[D] There is a severe flood.13. [A] She asks the man to wait for her at the train station.[B] She will call the man when she arrives at the station.[C] She and the man will take the 7:50 train.[D] She is sorry for keeping the man waiting for her for an hour.14. [A] He is well-prepared.[B] He will finish his paper soon.[C] He will quit the exam.[D] He never feels prepared enough.15. [A] Wants the man to write a letter for her.[B] Wants the man to take her letter to the post office.[C] Wants the man to correct her letter.[D] Wants to correct the man‟s mistakes.16. [A] He failed to finish the experiment that day.[B] He hasn‟t had time to do the experiment.[C] He did only part of the experiment.[D] The experiment was finished with much time.17. [A] He refuses to check in the other suitcase.[B] One of the suitcases he‟s carrying isn‟t his.[C] He thinks the woman up ahead should check in the suitcase.[D] He‟s helping the woman up ahead to check in the suitcase.18. [A] Both speakers were running out of money.[B] The man lent some money to the woman.[C] The woman lent some money to the man.[D] The woman left her money in the library.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. [A] The definition of eccentricity.[B] Essentiality.[C] How to keep pets.[D] How to enjoy special food.20. [A] Being unusual and strange.[B] Charming and special.[C] Aggressive and hardworking.[D] Common and usual.21. [A] A poor British man.[B] A rich American.[C] A rich British man.[D] A poor American.22. [A] The V ictorian surgeon lived at Buckland.[B] Howard was always a hermit.[C] A hermit is a person who enjoys communicating with others.[D] Howard Hughes became a recluse because he was tired of high living.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. [A] Confident.[B] Hesitant.[C] Determined.[D] Doubtful.24. [A] An export salesman working overseas.[B] A trainee working through every branch.[C] A production manager in a branch.[D] A policy-maker in the company.25. [A] Trainees are required to sign contracts initially.[B] Trainees‟ performan ce is evaluated occasionally.[C] Trainees‟ starting salary is 870 pounds.[D] Trainees cannot quit the management scheme at will.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. [A] Satisfying.[B] Tough.[C] Meaningless.[D] Boring.27. [A] Kathy persuaded her to do so.[B] Zoe lost her job as a PR consultant.[C] Zoe got tired of the city life.[D] Zoe loved Wales more than London.28. [A] Tiresome and troublesome.[B] Romantic and peaceful.[C] Mentally exhausting but healthy.[D] Physically tiring but rewarding.29. [A] A friend in need is a friend indeed.[B] Kill two birds with one stone.[C] A misfortune may turn out a blessing.[D] Where there is a will, there is a way.Passage T woQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. [A] It brings about the generation gap.[B] It is very careful about people‟s privacy.[C] It lists the telephone numbers of your friends.[D] It encourages you to list your personal information.31. [A] Because trouble-makers can easily approach their children through the site.[B] Because they think MySpace has a bad influence on their children.[C] Because they don‟t want to pay so much money for MySpace.[D] Because it takes up too much of their children‟s spare time.32. [A] MySpace often holds parents‟ meetings.[B] MySpace is quite popular with parents.[C] MySpace has become a top issue troubling parents.[D] Parents have lots of questions about MySpace.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. [A] To describe an aptitude test.[B] To advise you how to find a good job.[C] To tell you how to deal with job interviews.[D] To give a piece of advice for job interviewees.34. [A] Those who will work harder than others.[B] Those who know much more than others.[C] Those who are able to solve the problems.[D] Those who are better educated than others.35. [A] That more Chinese applicants fail to find a job.[B] That aptitude test is becoming world-wide popular.[C] That applicants should not act as cleverly as possible.[D] That job applicants are always asked such questions.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.The signs of American influence on Central America are everywhere: McDonald‟s and KFC, movies and clothes. Less easy to (36) _________ is an export that has had a (37) _________ effect on the region: gang culture. Immigrants who (38) _________ crimes in the U. S. have been allowed to return to their countries for the last six years. This has led to the (39) _________ to Central America of thousands of gang members who arrived in the U. S. as children with their parents. Back in Central America they are keeping their old ways. Gang “franchises” have taken hold in countries there.The influence of U. S. gang culture is (40) _________ in some poor neighborhoods across Central America. There are local (41) _________ on a dress code of baggy clothes, baseball caps and chains, a defined (42) _________ in music, hand signs, and a slang using (43) _________ words like …broderes‟ (brothers) and …homies‟ (friends). (44) _________________________________________________________________________________. In Guatemala, with a population of 13 million, the police believe there are more than 300 gangs with a totalmembership of 200,000. In Honduras, with a population of 6 million, there are said to be 60,000 gang members. (45) _________________________________________________________________________________.In the early 1980s, more than a million refugees fled to the U. S. during El Salvador‟s civil war, which killed 75,000 people. (46) _________________________________________________________________________________.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.When in August last year Britain‟s securi ty services uncovered an alleged plot to smuggle the liquid components of a bomb onto an aircraft at Heathrow, the world‟s busiest international airport almost ground to a halt as additional passenger checks were ordered. It was not just flights starting from Heathrow that were delayed or cancelled, but many incoming services too. In the following days British Airways alone cut more than 1,200 flights. Intelligence to prevent attacks is part of what experts call a “layered” security approach. Other layers include checking identities, scanning people and their luggage and searching them at random. Another and increasingly important one is to see how they behave. “There are identifiers of people who have hostile intent that you can pick up,” says Kip Hawley, the head of America‟s Transportation Security Administration. “Our testing indicates an extraordinary high degree of success.”Security officials with the Israeli airline El Al already spend a long time questioning passengers in order to identify behavior al traits that mark them out as dangerous. But El Al is small and America‟s airports would grind to a halt if such time-consuming procedures were adopted everywhere. So the system that will emerge in America is likely to involve pre-screening of passengers right from the time they make their reservation. Then, as they go through the different layers of security at the airport, some passengers will be asked questions by specially trained staff who are looking out for things like involuntary facial-muscle movements. A twitch (抽搐) is impossible to hide. “The more you try to avoid it, the more pronounced it becomes,” says Mr. Hawley.Machines used to scan luggage at airports are getting more powerful too. Instead of just alerting staff to suspicious images, newer scanners will be able to work out what they show. New biometric passports, which containdetails such as fingerprints and iris (虹膜)scans, will also improve identification.But Mr. Hawley insists that security measures should not rely solely on machines, however they are sophisticated, as threats change. It will take a combination of science and technology to reduce the hassle (麻烦) involved in passing through airports.47. After the bomb plot was discovered, severe delays were caused at Heathrow Airport because of _________________________.48. Among different layers of security approach at airports, which one is growing increasingly important?49. The Israeli airline El Al tries to identify suspicious behaviors by _________________________.50. El Al‟s security procedures can‟t be widely applied in America because they are _________________________.51. According to Mr. Hawley, why shouldn‟t security measures depend entirely on machines?Section BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.When Oxford University raised the idea of establishing a business school six years ago, outraged Oxonians unleashed (发起) volleys of Ciceronian oratory, arguing that the groves of academe should be out of bounds to commerce. How times have changed. Frustrated by the British government‟s reluctance to let the university charge real-world tuition fees, demoralized by mounting charges of elitism, with research and teaching stifled by inadequate state subsidies, the dons are realizing that capitalism might just be the key to their future. At the traditional 800-year-old institution, increasing numbers of them are calling for their university to be privatized.That‟s a hugely controversial proposal in a country that still clings fiercely to the ideal of providing a free, state-funded education to anyone who merits it. Prime M inister Tony Blair wants 50 percent of Britain‟s under-30s in full-time education by 2006, and given his no new-taxes style, universities suspect they‟ll be responsible for finding a large proportion of the $15 billion that will cost. Already Oxford is having trouble paying salaries sufficient to attract top teachers; a full-time professor gets $68,400 — roughly half the salaries of their U. S. counterparts. For Oxford, long the global epitome (缩影) of top-drawer education, the question is whether the university‟s days as a bastion (堡垒) of world-class excellence might be over.Lately the issue seems to have taken on a new urgency. Newspapers reported mini-scandal just last week that a19-year-old deaf student, Anastasia Fedotova, failed to win a place despite high exam scores. Chancellor of the Exchequer Gordon Brown criticized the admissions system as “more reminiscent of the old-boy network…than genuine justice in our society.” This highlighted j ust how vulnerable Oxford remains to charges of elitism.“More and more people are saying the only solution is independence,” says Classics professor Richard Jenkyns. In the end, Oxford may be hoping for some in-between solution. Since 1998 it has been pumping funds into a private company called ISIS Innovation, set up to commercialize researchers‟ discoveries. Of a total of 28 fledgling spin-offs, all are still in business. While big payoffs are still a long way off, “that could quickly change”, says manag ing director Tim Cook, “if one of them hits the jackpot.” More immediately, Oxford bigwigs report that permission to charge the full cost of tuition will almost certainly be given in government report due this November. Oxford still isn‟t likely to let bus iness interests run wild over its hallowed greensward. But it is learning that the academic freedom it so prizes can be preserved only at a price.52. From the first paragraph we can learn that ________.[A] Oxford University will gradually become a private university like Harvard[B] Oxford University is beginning to think of commercial ways to collect money[C] the only solution to Oxford University‟s problems is being independent[D] the British government will offer Oxford University more subsides53. W hat is the major reason for Oxford University‟s lack of funding?[A] The idea of building of a business school has been rejected by the teachers.[B] The government is reluctant to let it charge the students high tuition fees.[C] It has to pay sufficient salaries to attract top teachers.[D] The government can‟t afford the high research subsidies.54. When mentioning the attitude of the Prime Minister Tony Blair, some universities worry about ________.[A] the financial problem of universities[B] the future orientation of universities[C] the influence of government‟s policy on universities[D] the purity of universities in its field of academic research55. The example that Anastasia Fedotova was rejected by Oxford University shows that the university ________.[A] has taken on a new urgency[B] holds a strong discrimination against the disabled[C] approves of a network of older applicants。