SAP HANA入门
SAPHANA开发指南
SAPHANA开发指南在使用SAP HANA开发应用程序之前,您需要了解一些基本概念和原则。
首先,SAP HANA基于内存数据库技术,这意味着所有的数据都存储在内存中,而不是传统的硬盘存储。
这样可以显著提高数据处理和查询速度。
其次,SAP HANA具有强大的分析能力,可以实现复杂的数据挖掘和模式识别。
最后,SAP HANA支持多种编程语言和开发工具,包括SQL、Java、C++和Python等。
在开发SAPHANA应用程序时,您需要首先创建数据库对象。
这可以通过SQL语句或图形化工具来完成。
然后,您可以使用SQL语句来查询和更新数据。
在SAPHANA中,SQL语句的执行速度非常快,所以您可以在很短的时间内获得结果。
除了SQL语句,您还可以使用SAP HANA提供的其他开发工具和API来开发应用程序。
例如,SAP HANA提供了一种叫做XS Engine的开发框架,可以帮助您构建Web应用程序。
XS引擎使用JavaScript开发,可以让您轻松构建用户界面和业务逻辑。
另外,SAPHANA还提供了一系列的数据挖掘和分析功能。
通过使用这些功能,您可以实现复杂的数据分析和模式识别。
例如,SAPHANA可以通过使用聚类算法来识别相似的数据点,可以使用回归分析来预测未来的趋势,可以使用关联规则来发现数据之间的关联关系等。
除了数据挖掘和分析功能,SAPHANA还具有强大的事务处理能力。
这意味着您可以在SAPHANA上运行复杂的业务逻辑,包括事务的提交和回滚。
此外,SAPHANA还支持多用户访问和并发处理,可以满足企业的高并发需求。
总的来说,SAPHANA是一种强大的开发平台,可以帮助企业更好地管理和分析数据。
通过学习SAPHANA开发指南,您可以了解如何使用该平台进行数据处理、查询和分析,同时还可以学习如何使用各种开发工具和API来构建应用程序。
无论您是一位开发人员还是一位数据分析师,都可以从SAPHANA中获得很多益处。
sap hana cloud 独立数据湖入门指南 - 阿里云说明书
PUBLIC (公共)SAP HANA Cloud文档版本: 1.0.1 – 2021-05-20独立数据湖快速入门教程 [阿里云]。
利权有所留保,有所权版司公联关其或司公限有份股P内容1 独立数据湖快速入门教程 [阿里云] (3)2 前提条件:设置教程组件 (4)2.1 创建数据湖实例 (4)2.2 下载示例 TPCH 数据 (6)2.3 检查数据结构 (7)2.4 创建新用户 (8)3 教程:使用 SAP HANA Cloud 数据湖 (10)3.1 创建数据湖关系引擎表 (10)3.2 从阿里云对象存储服务 (OSS) 存储加载数据 (12)3.3 查询数据湖关系引擎 (16)1 独立数据湖快速入门教程 [阿里云]创建数据湖实例,将数据从阿里云对象存储服务 (OSS) 加载到数据湖,并使用数据湖关系引擎查询数据。
前提条件存在遵循SAP Business T echnology Platform 主控室登录文档中概述的数据湖规范的全局账户和子账户。
在 Cloud Foundry 空间中使用数据湖需要这些规范。
2 前提条件:设置教程组件设置执行教程所需的组件:了解如何创建启用数据湖关系引擎的数据湖实例、、将数据加载中以及创建新用户。
1.第 4 页上的“创建数据湖实例”使用 SAP HANA Cloud Central 在启用数据湖关系引擎组件的情况下创建数据湖实例。
2.第 6 页上的“下载示例 TPCH 数据”从 GitHub 下载示例教程数据。
3.第 7 页上的“检查数据结构”查看示例教程数据以熟悉每个文件中的列和数据类型。
4.第 8 页上的“创建新用户”创建新的数据湖用户,并授予此用户所需的相应权限。
2.1 创建数据湖实例使用 SAP HANA Cloud Central 在启用数据湖关系引擎组件的情况下创建数据湖实例。
背景信息在此任务中,您将了解如何从 SAP HANA Cloud Central 创建数据湖实例。
SAP HANA 介绍学习课件
SAP Strategy for In-Memory
TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION ? BUSINESS VALUE
Real-Time Analytics, Process Innovation, Lower TCO
?Utilities: daily- or hour-based billing and consumption analysis/simulation.
Vision: mory Computing
Leapfrogging Current Technology Constraints
Future State
Row and Column Store Compression
64bit address space – 2TB in current servers
100GB/s data throughput
Dramatic decline in price/performance
Partitioning No Aggregate Tables
applications
HW Technology Innovations
Multi-Core Architecture (8 x 8core CPU per blade) Massive parallel scaling with many blades
SAP SW Technology Innovations
The elements of In-Memory computing are not new. However, dramatically improved hardware economics and technology innovations in software has now made it possible for SAP to deliver on its vision of the Real-Time Enterprise with In-Memory business
SAPHANA跟我学HANA系列之日期函数总结
SAPHANA跟我学HANA系列之日期函数总结SAPHANA是一种内存数据库技术,它的强大之处在于其高效的计算能力和丰富的功能。
在SAPHANA中,日期函数是其中一个非常重要的功能之一、日期函数可以帮助用户进行日期的计算和处理,如计算日期之间的差距、提取日期的各个部分等。
本文将对SAPHANA中的常用日期函数进行总结。
1.CURRENT_DATE:返回当前日期,格式为YYYY-MM-DD。
2.CURRENT_TIME:返回当前时间,格式为HH:MI:SS。
3.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP:返回当前时间戳,包括日期和时间,格式为YYYY-MM-DDHH:MI:SS。
4. ADD_DAYS(date, n): 将给定日期加上n天,并返回结果日期。
date参数为要加减的日期,格式为YYYY-MM-DD,n参数为要加的天数,可以为正数或负数。
5. ADD_MONTHS(date, n): 将给定日期加上n个月,并返回结果日期。
date参数为要加减的日期,格式为YYYY-MM-DD,n参数为要加的月数,可以为正数或负数。
6. ADD_YEARS(date, n): 将给定日期加上n年,并返回结果日期。
date参数为要加减的日期,格式为YYYY-MM-DD,n参数为要加的年数,可以为正数或负数。
7. EXTRACT(YEAR/MONTH/DAY/HOUR/MINUTE/SECOND, date): 提取给定日期的指定部分,并返回结果。
date参数为要提取部分的日期,格式为YYYY-MM-DD,提取部分的参数可以为YEAR、MONTH、DAY、HOUR、MINUTE、SECOND。
8. DAYS_BETWEEN(date1, date2): 计算两个日期之间的天数差距,并返回结果。
date1和date2参数为要比较的两个日期,格式为YYYY-MM-DD。
9. MONTHS_BETWEEN(date1, date2): 计算两个日期之间的月数差距,并返回结果。
SAP S 4HANA 2021入门指南说明书
Getting Started | PUBLICDocument Version: 5.1 – 2023-07-13Getting Started With SAP S/4HANA 2021© 2023 S A P S E o r a n S A P a ffi l i a t e c o m p a n y . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d .THE BEST RUNContent1 Getting Started (4)2 Moving to SAP S/4HANA (5)2.1 SAP S/4HANA Cloud editions (9)3 SAP S/4HANA System Landscape Information (10)4 SAP S/4HANA User Assistance Overview (12)2PUBLIC Getting Started With SAP S/4HANA 2021ContentDocument HistoryVersion Date Description1.0October 13, 2021Version for SAP S/4HANA 2021.2.0February 23, 2022Version for SAP S/4HANA 2021 FPS01.3.0May 25, 2022Version for SAP S/4HANA 2021 FPS02.4.0November 07, 2022Version for SAP S/4HANA 2021 SPS03.5.0May 17, 2023Version for SAP S/4HANA 2021 SPS04.5.1July 13, 2023Minor corrections.Getting Started With SAP S/4HANA 2021Document History PUBLIC31 Getting StartedThis guide is the main entry point to the user assistance for SAP S/4HANA 2021. It provides you with the following information:•An overview of the various options available to new customers or existing SAP Business Suite customers to move to SAP S/4HANA, see Moving to SAP S/4HANA [page 5].•SAP S/4HANA System Landscape Information [page 10]•An overview of the available user assistance and where to find it, see SAP S/4HANA User Assistance Overview [page 12].Y ou will also find links to more detailed information on SAP S/4HANA throughout this guide.4PUBLIC Getting Started With SAP S/4HANA 2021Getting Started2 Moving to SAP S/4HANAThere are three typical ways for you to move to SAP S/4HANA 2021 from SAP Business Suite (SAP Enterprise Resource Planning), and you can also, of course, do an upgrade from lower SAP S/4HANA releases or an update to a higher feature package stack.1 System ConversionThis option is relevant if you are an existing SAP Business Suite customer wanting to change your system to an SAP S/4HANA system. Y ou find detailed information about how to plan and realize your conversion in the Conversion Guide for SAP S/4HANA at https:///s4hana_op_2021Implement Guides. Hereyou find a high-level overview of the main points to be considered for a system conversion:•Some prerequisites:•Y our system has to be on Unicode.•Dual-stack systems are not supported by SAP S/4HANA. If you want to convert from a dual-stack system, you first have to do a dual-stack split.•For a single-step approach, your start release must be SAP Enterprise Resource Planning 6.0 enhancement packages 0-8, but there are restrictions for some service pack levels. For moreinformation, see SAP Note 3079550.Other supported start releases:•SAP Suite on SAP HANA•SAP Simple Finance 1.0•SAP Simple Finance, on-premise edition 1503•SAP S/4HANA Finance 16052261242.•Conversion Assets•Simplification Item CatalogWhen converting an existing SAP Suite System to SAP S/4HANA in your system landscape, youneed to do some adaptations, for example, you need to convert your existing business processesto the simplified SAP S/4HANA processes. Some of the SAP Business Suite processes are nolonger supported, some have been changed, and there are also new processes. How to convertyour existing processes to the SAP S/4HANA processes is described by simplification items. Y oucan search and browse the simplification items using the online Simplification Item Catalog at https:// /#/sic/.Getting Started With SAP S/4HANA 2021Moving to SAP S/4HANA PUBLIC5•SAP Readiness CheckThis tool analyzes your SAP ERP 6.0 system and highlights important aspects of the conversion toSAP S/4HANA, such as identification of relevant simplification items, high-level custom code analysis, add-on compatibility, sizing, and more.For more information, see https:///viewer/p/SAP_READINESS_CHECK.•Simplification Item Check (SI Check) and Custom Code ChecksSAP provides the Simplification Item Check (SI Check) and custom code checks that you need to run before doing the conversion.//s4hana_op_2021Implement Guides.•Software Update Manager•The conversion to SAP S/4HANA, on-premise edition is done using the Software Update Manager tool.•If your system is not yet on SAP HANA, the SUM tool also takes care of your database migration.•Conversion follow-on activitiesAfter the technical conversion with the SUM tool is finished, you need to do some follow-on tasks.•Installation of SAP Fiori for SAP S/4HANA 2021T o get the full user experience innovation with SAP S/4HANA you have to install and configure SAP Fiori for SAP S/4HANA 2021.For more information, see https:///s4hana_op_2021Use Product Assistance EnglishSAP S/4HANA Enterprise T echnology SAP Fiori SAP Fiori Overview .•Sizing information•https:///viewer/product/SAP_S4H_SIZING/SIZING/en-US•SAP Note 18721706PUBLIC Getting Started With SAP S/4HANA 2021Moving to SAP S/4HANAMapping of processes from an existing SAP Business Suite system to SAP S/4HANA2 Selective Data TransitionThis option covers the migration of relevant business data from SAP ERP to SAP S/4HANA. It allows youto combine the redesign of business processes with the possibility of keeping selected historical data. The migration process can include many options related to the handling of software and data provisioning. It is realized through a combination of standard functions also available with a new implementation or system conversion in addition to complementary expert functions which are not generally available.SAP strongly advises you to engage SAP Digital Business Services or specialized SAP Partners equipped with the necessary tools and experience for such an approach.For more information, see the documentation for the options system conversion and new implementation in this guide.3 New ImplementationThis option is relevant if you are an new SAP customer (coming from different legacy systems) or an existing SAP Business Suite customer who wants to start with a new installation of SAP S/4HANA 2020. This optionGetting Started With SAP S/4HANA 2021Moving to SAP S/4HANA PUBLIC7also allows you to migrate master and transactional data from your legacy systems and consists of the following main steps:•Installation of SAP S/4HANA 2021•Installation of SAP Fiori for SAP S/4HANA 2021•If needed: migration of legacy dataFor the migration of legacy data to SAP S/4HANA, SAP provides the SAP S/4HANA migration cockpit. It helps you to transfer your master data and business data from SAP systems and non-SAP systems to SAP S/4HANA. The cockpit is available as part of SAP S/4HANA and is included in the SAP S/4HANA license.For more information about the migration cockpit, see the Installation Guide for SAP S/4HANA. Documentation of the New ImplementationThe system installation is described in the Installation Guide for SAP S/4HANA at https:///s4hana_op_2021Implement Guides.Configuring the New ImplementationAfter you have installed SAP S/4HANA 2021, you have a number of options how to proceed with the system configuration:1.Y ou follow SAP Activate and SAP Best Practices to guide you through your system configuration, see theinformation at /bp/BP_OP_ENTPR.2.changes using the Implementation Guide (IMG). This allows you to adapt the SAP-delivered configuration settings to your specific requirements.3.Y ou use only the Implementation Guide (IMG) to configure your system.4 Upgrade and UpdateIf you are already on a lower SAP S/4HANA release, you can upgrade to SAP S/4HANA 2021 (any available feature or support package stack). If you are on a lower feature or support package stack of SAP S/4HANA 2021, you can do an update to a higher one.The system upgrade is described in the Upgrade Guide for SAP S/4HANA at https:///s4hana_op_2021Implement Guides.For information on the update, see the section Applying the Latest Kernel and Support Package Stacks in the Installation Guide for SAP S/4HANA at https:///s4hana_op_2021Implement Guides.For more information about the configuration, see also the documentation above, under Configuring the New Implementation.8PUBLIC Getting Started With SAP S/4HANA 2021Moving to SAP S/4HANA2.1 SAP S/4HANA Cloud editionsAs an alternative to deploying an on-premise SAP S/4HANA solution (as is described in the section Moving to SAP S/4HANA [page 5]), you have the following options:•SAP S/4HANA Cloud, public edition, see also https:///docs/SAP_S4HANA_CLOUD •SAP S/4HANA Cloud, private edition, see also https:///docs/SAP_S4HANA_CLOUD_PEFor more information about these editions, you also have the option to contact your SAP Account Executive. Getting Started With SAP S/4HANA 2021Moving to SAP S/4HANA PUBLIC93 SAP S/4HANA System LandscapeInformationThere are various ways of deploying SAP S/4HANA in your new or already existing system landscape. This section describes some examples.Example: SAP S/4HANA New InstallationA new installation of SAP S/4HANA needs to run on the SAP HANA database. It is recommended to use the SAP Solution Manager, which can run on any database. This very simple landscape can be enhanced with the SAP cloud solutions and SAP Business Suite products.Simple SAP S/4HANA DeploymentExample: SAP S/4HANA in an SAP Business Suite LandscapeIt is possible to integrate SAP S/4HANA into an existing SAP Business Suite landscape by replacing the SAP ERP enhancement package product with SAP S/4HANA. When performing this conversion in your system10PUBLICGetting Started With SAP S/4HANA 2021 SAP S/4HANA System Landscape Informationlandscape, you need to do some adaptations, for example you need to convert some of your existing business processes to the simplified SAP S/4HANA processes. Some of the SAP Business Suite processes are no longer supported, some have been changed, and there are also new processes. How to convert your existing processes to the SAP S/4HANA processes is described in the Simplification Item Catalog.For more information about the Simplification Item Catalog, see the Conversion Guide for SAP S/4HANA at https:///s4hana_op_2021Implement Guides.Example SAP Business Suite landscape with an embedded SAP S/4HANA systemMore InformationFor more information about SAP Fiori for SAP S/4HANA see SAP Note 2590653.Getting Started With SAP S/4HANA 20214 SAP S/4HANA User Assistance Overview The central entry point where you can find SAP S/4HANA user assistance is the SAP Help Portal at https:// /s4hana_op_2021. At this address, you can find, for example, the following documents:Getting Started, on the tab DiscoverDocuments DescriptionsGetting Started Guide This guide.Feature Scope Description Contains a description of the features included in the software.What's New, on the tab What's NewDocuments DescriptionsWhat's New Information about new and changed features, available viaPDF documents or the What's New Viewer tool.Guides, on the tab ImplementDocuments DescriptionsInstallation Guide Contains information about how to install SAP S/4HANA.Upgrade Guide Contains information about how to upgrade to SAP S/4HANA.Conversion Guide Contains information on how to do a system conversion toSAP S/4HANA from an existing SAP Business Suite system. Security Guide Contains security information for SAP S/4HANA.Operations Guide Contains information about how to operate your productiveSAP S/4HANA system.Getting Started With SAP S/4HANA 2021Conversion and Upgrade Assets, on the tab ImplementDocuments/T ools DescriptionsSimplification Item Catalog T ool that allows you to browse and search for simplificationitems which you have to consider in an implementation ormigration project from an SAP ERP 6.x release to SAP S/4HANA.Simplification List for SAP S/4HANA A document version of the Simplification Item Catalog.SAP Readiness Check T ool that analyzes your SAP ERP 6.0 system and highlightsimportant aspects of the conversion to SAP S/4HANA, suchas the identification of relevant simplification items andother considerations.Custom Code Migration Guide for SAP S/4HANA Provides instructions on how to adapt custom code in thecontext of a system conversion to SAP S/4HANA.Data Migration, on the tab ImplementDocument/T ool DescriptionData Migration T ool and documentation about the migration of data fromlegacy systems to SAP S/4HANA.Product Assistance, on the tab UseDocument DescriptionProduct Assistance Contains application help for the SAP S/4HANA functions./s4hana_op_2021Use ProductAssistance English SAP S/4HANA Enterpriseechnology SAP Fiori SAP Fiori Overview.Information for Partners, on the tab DevelopDocument Description-SAP S/4HANA Requirements for Partner Solutions: OnPremise GuideGetting Started With SAP S/4HANA 2021T raining and Education, on the tab Learn and Get CertifiedLeaning Journeys DescriptionSAP S/4HANA Learning Journeys Interactive learning content.Additional InformationDocument DescriptionRelease Information Note SAP Note 3015539.Additional Release Information Note for SAP S/4HANA FeaSAP Note 3015509.ture Package Stack 00Restriction Note SAP Note 3079550.Compatibility Scope Matrix for SAP S/4HANA SAP Note 2269324 and an overview document.Getting Started With SAP S/4HANA 2021Important Disclaimers and Legal InformationHyperlinksSome links are classified by an icon and/or a mouseover text. These links provide additional information.About the icons:•Links with the icon : Y ou are entering a Web site that is not hosted by SAP. By using such links, you agree (unless expressly stated otherwise in your agreements with SAP) to this:•The content of the linked-to site is not SAP documentation. Y ou may not infer any product claims against SAP based on this information.•SAP does not agree or disagree with the content on the linked-to site, nor does SAP warrant the availability and correctness. SAP shall not be liable for any damages caused by the use of such content unless damages have been caused by SAP's gross negligence or willful misconduct.•Links with the icon : Y ou are leaving the documentation for that particular SAP product or service and are entering an SAP-hosted Web site. By using such links, you agree that (unless expressly stated otherwise in your agreements with SAP) you may not infer any product claims against SAP based on this information.Videos Hosted on External PlatformsSome videos may point to third-party video hosting platforms. SAP cannot guarantee the future availability of videos stored on these platforms. Furthermore, any advertisements or other content hosted on these platforms (for example, suggested videos or by navigating to other videos hosted on the same site), are not within the control or responsibility of SAP.Beta and Other Experimental FeaturesExperimental features are not part of the officially delivered scope that SAP guarantees for future releases. This means that experimental features may be changed by SAP at any time for any reason without notice. Experimental features are not for productive use. Y ou may not demonstrate, test, examine, evaluate or otherwise use the experimental features in a live operating environment or with data that has not been sufficiently backed up.The purpose of experimental features is to get feedback early on, allowing customers and partners to influence the future product accordingly. By providing your feedback (e.g. in the SAP Community), you accept that intellectual property rights of the contributions or derivative works shall remain the exclusive property of SAP.Example CodeAny software coding and/or code snippets are examples. They are not for productive use. The example code is only intended to better explain and visualize the syntax and phrasing rules. SAP does not warrant the correctness and completeness of the example code. SAP shall not be liable for errors or damages caused by the use of example code unless damages have been caused by SAP's gross negligence or willful misconduct.Bias-Free LanguageSAP supports a culture of diversity and inclusion. Whenever possible, we use unbiased language in our documentation to refer to people of all cultures, ethnicities, genders, and abilities.Getting Started With SAP S/4HANA 2021/contactsap© 2023 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without the express permission of SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. The information contained herein may be changed without prior notice.Some software products marketed by SAP SE and its distributors contain proprietary software components of other software vendors. 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SAP HANA文档说明书
1) Mention what is SAP HANA?SAP HANA stands for High Performance Analytical Appliance- in-memory computing engine. HANA is linked to ERP systems; Frontend modeling studio can be used for replication server management and load control.2) Mention the two types of Relational Data stored in HANA?The two types of relational data stored in HANA includes•Row Store•Column Store3) Mention what is the role of the persistence layer in SAP HANA?SAP HANA has an in-memory computing engine and access the data straightaway without any backup. To avoid the risk of losing data in case of hardware failure or power cutoff, persistence layer comes as a savior and stores all the data in the hard drive which is not volatile.4) Mention what is modeling studio?Modeling studio in HANA performs multiple task like•Declares which tables are stored in HANA, first part is to get the meta-data and then schedule data replication jobs•Manage Data Services to enter the data from SAP Business Warehouse and other systems •Manage ERP instances connection, the current release does not support connecting to several ERP instances•Use data services for the modeling•Do modeling in HANA itself•essential licenses for SAP BO data services5) Mention what are the different compression techniques?There are three different compression techniques•Run-length encoding•Cluster encoding•Dictionary encoding6) Mention what is latency?Latency is referred to the length of time to replicate data from the source system to the target system.7) Explain what is transformation rules?Transformation rule is the rule specified in the advanced replication setting transaction for the source table such that data is transformed during the replication process.8) Mention what is the advantage of SLT replication?•SAP SLT works on trigger based approach; such approach has no measurable performance impact in the source system•It offers filtering capability and transformation•It enables real-time data replication, replicating only related data into HANA from non-SAP and SAP source systems•It is fully integrated with HANA studios•Replication from several source systems to one HANA system is allowed, also from one source system to multiple HANA systems is allowed.9) Explain how you can avoid un-necessary information from being stored?To avoid un-necessary information from being stored, you have to pause the replication by stopping the schema-related jobs10) Mention what is the role of master controller job in SAP HANA?The job is arranged on demand and is responsible for•Creating database triggers and logging table into the source system•Creating Synonyms•Writing new entries in admin tables in SLT server when a table is replicated/loaded11) Explain what happens if the replication is suspended for a longer period of time or system outage of SLT or HANA system?If the replication is suspended for a longer period of time, the size of the logging tables increases.12) Mention what is the role of the transaction manager and session?The transaction manager co-ordinates database transactions and keeps a record of running and closed transactions. When transaction is rolled back or committed, the transaction manager notifies the involved storage engines about the event so they can run necessary actions.13) Explain how you can avoid un-necessary logging information from being stored?You can avoid un-necessary logging information from being stored by pausing the replication by stopping the schema-related jobs.14) Explain how SQL statement is processed?In the HANA database, each SQL statement is implemented in the reference of the transaction. New session is allotted to a new transaction.15) Name various components of SAP HANA?•SAP HANA DB•SAP HANA Studio•SAP HANA Appliance•SAP HANA Application CloudGuru99 Provides FREE ONLINE TUTORIAL on Various courses likeJava MIS MongoDB BigData Cassandra Web Services SQLite JSP Informatica Accounting SAP Training Python Excel ASP Net HBaseProject ManagementTest Business Ethical Hacking Management AnalystPMPLive Project SoapUI Photoshop Manual Testing MobileTesting Selenium CCNA AngularJS NodeJS PLSQL。
SAP HANA 介绍PPT学习课件
Reactive business model Missed opportunities and competitive disadvantage due to lack of speed and agility
Row and Column Store Compression
64bit address space – 2TB in current servers
100GB/s data throughput
Dramatic decline in price/performance
Partitioning No Aggregate Tables Real-Time Data Capture Insert Only on Delta
▪ Utilities: daily- or hour-based billing and consumption analysis/simulation.
Vision: In-Memory Computing
Leapfrogging Current Technology Constraints
Future State
for complex goods manufacturers ▪ Planning and simulation on the fly based
on actual non-aggregated data
Competitive Advantage E.g. Utilities Industry: ▪ Sales growth and market advantage from
SAP-HANA入门指南
SAP HANA™ 数据库–基础入门指南–如何使用SQL和SQLScript数据建模2017年10月版1.简介1.1什么是SAP HANA1.2相关文档2.SAP HANA数据库概念2.1 基本概念2.1.1 现代化硬件对数据库系统架构的影响2.1.2 基于列式和行式的存储2.1.3 列式表的优势2.2 架构概览2.3 SAP HANA数据库概念:表,模型和视图处理2.3.1 表,试图和星型结构2.3.2 SAP HANA模型视图2.3.3 SAP HANA视图处理3. 教程3.1 使用SAP HANA studio3.2 如何使用SAP HANA modeler3.2.1 如何建立分析试图3.2.2 查看表3.2.3 建立分析试图3.2.4 MANDT属性3.2.5 过滤器的应用3.2.6 创建属性试图3.2.7 创建简单的星型架构3.2.8计算属性3.2.9 多语种属性视图(文本视图)3.2.10 图形化计算视图3.2.11 如何创建脚本计算视图3.3 使用SAP HANA studio执行SQL和SQLScript 语句3.4 如何显示查询计划3.4.1 查询计划中的列3.4.2 查询计划中的OPERATOR_NAME列3.5 使用jdbc驱动3.5.1 安装驱动3.5.2 系统必备3.5.3 jdbc驱动的整合3.5.4 加载jdbc驱动3.5.5 连接地址3.5.6 jdbc4.0标准扩展api3.5.7 jdbc跟踪记录3.5.8 匹配SQL和java类型4. 最佳实践4.1 列式存储引擎的特点4.2 SQL查询代价的估算4.2.1 行式搜索代价模型4.2.2 列式搜索代价模型4.3 SQL查询列引擎的优化技巧4.3.1 表达式4.3.2 联接4.3.3 EXISTS / IN运算符4.3.4 set操作4.4 SQLScript推荐实践4.4.1 减少SQL语句的复杂度4.4.2 识别共同的子表达式4.4.3 多层聚集4.4.4 理解语句执行的代价4.4.5 充分利用底层引擎4.4.6 减少依赖性4.4.7模拟SQL语句中的函数调用4.4.8 避免混合使用计算引擎操作符和SQL查询4.4.9 避免使用游标4.4.10 避免使用动态SQL4.4.11 跟踪和调试免责声明本文档为预览版本,文档中的内容均不是来自SAP AG公司发布的任何关于SAP的产品,策略,或未来的发展的官方声明。
SAPHANA建模手册
SAP HANA建模手册Contents1 概念 (4)1.1 内容 (4)属性视图 (4)分析视图 (5)计算视图 (6)1.2 属性数据和度量数据 (7)属性数据 (7)度量数据 (7)1.3 层级结构 (8)1.4 用户和角色 (9)2 建模数据概览 (10)3 添加系统 (12)4 导入元数据 (13)4.1 为导入元数据配置Data Service (13)4.2 创建模式 (14)4.3 导入数据表定义 (14)4.4 添加连接 (16)5 加载数据到数据表定义 (17)5.1 暂停加载数据 (18)5.2 恢复加载数据 (18)5.3 从Flat Files上传数据 (19)6 复制SAP交付的内容 (20)7 建立编辑模式到物理模式的映射 (22)8 设置建模工具的首选项 (24)9 创建内容对象 (27)9.1创建包 (30)9.2 创建属性视图 (32)9.3 创建分析视图 (36)9.4 创建计算视图 (40)9.4.1 管理属性映射 (44)9.4.2 常量字段 (45)9.5 创建分析权限 (46)9.6 创建过程 (48)9.7使用货币和计量单元 (50)9.8 分配变量 (52)9.9 查询相关数据表 (54)9.10 使用系统生成的表连接 (55)9.11 激活对象 (56)9.12 创建导入参数 (57)9.13 创建层级结构 (58)9.14 维护查询属性 (59)9.15 管理数据基础布局 (60)9.16 Content Assist中的SQL功能 (60)9.17表达式中的函数 (62)10 处理内容对象 (66)10.1 内容对象的数据预览 (66)10.2 校验模型 (66)10.3 内容对象版本比较 (67)10.4 查看内容对象版本历史信息 (67)10.5 切换未激活对象的所有权 (67)10.6 生成对象文档 (68)10.7 启用多语言支持的对象 (69)10.8 检查模型引用 (69)10.9 查看作业日志 (70)11导出对象 (71)11.1创建交付单元 (71)11.2 使用交付单元导出对象 (72)11.3 使用开发模式导出对象 (72)11.4 使用SAP 支持模式导出数据 (73)12导入对象 (74)12.1使用交付单元导入对象 (74)12.2使用开发模式导入对象 (74)附录 – 专用词汇翻译汇总 (76)1 概念1.1内容在SAP HANA数据库中,信息视图(Information views)用于创建对各种数据的建模模型。
SAP HANA超快速入门小结
SAP HANA超快速入门小结
SAP HANA: High-Performance Analytic Appliance
1.支持OLAP和OLTP
OLAP(On-Line Analytical Processing),联机分析处理。
数据仓库。
OLTP(On-Line Transaction Processing),联机事务处理。
业务系统。
2.支持结构化数据和非结构化数据
结构化数据是指可以用统一的结构来表示的数据,如数字、符号等。
另一类无法用结构化来表示的数据,如文本、图像、声音、网页等,则称之为非结构化数据。
3.SAP HANA可以应用的场景
作为其他数据库的加速器。
直接作为报表分析的数据源。
直接用作OLAP分析型数据仓库。
直接作为OLTP套件的数据库。
直接作为SAP公司统一的数据库平台。
4.SAP S/4 HANA,全称SAP Business suite 4 SAP HANA。
使用SAP Fiori作为UI。
5.SAP Business Suite/ R3(ECC) 与SAP Business suite 4 SAP HANA 的主要区别
用户体验:R3使用GUI;S4使用Fiori
应用层:R3内核:FI/CO/SD/MM/PP等;S4内核:SAP Simple Finance(SFIN)等
数据层:R3可以使用任何数据库或者使用HANA数据库;S4仅使用HANA数据库。
SAPHANA入门介绍
ALM
Fiori UX
Graphic Modeler
Application Lifecycle Management
Text Analytics
Streaming Analytics
Series Data
Business Functions
Data Quality
Hadoop & Spark Remote Data Integration Sync
基于Intel Ivybridge E7 v2处理 器,单台系统上可以配置2、4、 或8颗CPU(即30、60、120核) 内存大小通常等于 128GB * CPU个数。在中等配置的设备上 配置了4颗CPU以及1024GB内存 日志存储 - 通常用Fusion-IO ioDrive,容量和内存大小保持一 致 磁盘存储 - 各厂家不尽相同,可 以是本地SAS机械磁盘、或者网 络存储
Data access and integration
Machine Learning & Predictive Analytics
Predictive Analysis Library (PAL) Business Function Library (BFL)
01001000…
R Integration
+ ++
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历史数据分析 多核并行计算 多线程多节点计算 内存压缩
A
P
主动/被动的数据分层
SQL
分区
行列数据统一SQL查 询
单租户/多租户
动态扩展
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
减少数据层次
分布式计算 Map-reduce
关键字组合
内存应用
SAP HANA开发指南
SAP HANA 数据库开发指南 如何使用 SQL 和 SQLScript 数据建模
2 SAP HANA 数据库概念 SAP HANA 数据库概念上来说是通过利用内存数据存储提升速度,增加数据库查询的执行速 度,以及提高程序开发速度。查询在 SAP HANA 数据库中可以快速,并行的执行。这代表不 再需要复杂的编程技巧,如提前计算值(物化聚集) ,用来维护传统数据库性能,因为你可 以利用 HDB 实时地查询巨大的数据集。消除了开发的复杂性,程序可以以更直接和清晰的 方式创建,因此实现了更快的开发时间。 SAP HANA 也能很好胜任传统数据库的存储和访问,例如基于行式存储的表可供使用。这种 传统和创新型技术的结合使得开发人员可以为程序选择最好的技术, 并且在需要时二者可以 并用。 2.1 基本概念 2.1.1 现代化硬件对数据库系统架构的影响 从历史角度来看, 数据库系统曾被设计运行在有限内存的计算机系统, 主要由于缓慢的磁盘 输入输出是数据吞吐量的主要瓶颈。因此,这些系统结构的设计成关注于优化磁盘访问,例 如通过最小化读入内存的磁盘块(或页)来处理查询语句。 近年来,计算机体系结构已经发生变化。现在多核处理器(多个处理器集中在一个芯片上或 是一个包)已成为标准,伴随着因处理器内核之间的快速通信而实现的并行处理。主存已经 不再是有限的资源, 现代服务器能拥有达到 2TB 的系统内存, 可以使整个数据库进驻在内存 中。 目前服务器处理器有多达 64 个内核, 并且 128 个核心即将问世。 随着内核数量的增加, 处理器在每次时间间隔可以处理更多的数据。 这样把性能瓶颈从磁盘输入输出转移到了处理 器缓存和内存数据传输上。 (见图 1) 。
SAP HANA™ 数据库 – 开发指南
– 如何使用SQL和SQLScript数据建模
SAPHANA入门介绍
SAPHANA入门介绍SAPHANA是SAP公司开发的一种内存计算数据库平台,被广泛应用于企业资源规划(ERP)、商业智能(BI)和数据分析等领域。
它能够在大规模数据集上进行高速的实时分析和处理,大幅提升数据处理效率,并支持实时决策。
本文将介绍SAPHANA的基本概念、应用场景以及其核心功能等内容,以帮助读者进一步了解和学习SAPHANA。
一、SAPHANA的基本概念1.内存计算:SAPHANA以内存作为数据存储和处理的核心,将数据加载到内存中进行计算和分析,避免了传统基于磁盘的数据库的性能瓶颈,大幅提升了数据处理能力。
2.并行处理:SAPHANA能够并行处理多个查询任务,通过将计算任务拆分为多个子任务并在多个处理器上同时执行,提高了查询的响应速度和数据处理的效率。
3.列存储:SAPHANA采用了列式存储方式,将数据按列存储在内存中,而不是按行存储。
这种存储方式有利于压缩数据、提高查询性能和减少内存占用,特别适合于分析型应用。
4.实时分析:SAPHANA能够在大规模数据集上进行实时分析和查询,在几秒钟内完成复杂的数据处理操作,帮助企业快速做出决策。
5.预测和机器学习:SAPHANA集成了预测和机器学习功能,可以通过分析历史数据,自动识别模式并进行预测,帮助企业发现潜在的商业机会和风险。
二、SAPHANA的应用场景1.企业资源规划:SAPHANA可以用于支持企业的各种业务应用,如采购、销售、财务等,提供实时的数据分析和决策支持,帮助企业高效运营。
2.商业智能:SAPHANA可以与商业智能工具集成,帮助企业对大规模数据进行实时分析和可视化,发现隐藏在数据中的商业洞察,提供决策依据。
3.供应链管理:SAPHANA可以分析供应链中的大规模数据,识别供应链的瓶颈和风险,并提供实时的优化建议,提高供应链的效率和灵活性。
4.零售业:SAPHANA可以对大规模的销售数据进行实时分析,识别销售趋势和消费者行为模式,并帮助零售企业做出准确的库存管理和促销决策。
47个SAPHANA技术指南文档集
47个SAPHANA技术指南文档集
一、SAPHANA技术指南
1、SAP HANA外部身份验证:本指南介绍了如何使用外部认证与SAP HANA集成,以及如何配置外部认证系统(例如Kerberos和LDAP)以连接
到SAP HANA数据库。
此外,它还介绍了如何使用外部身份验证自定义客
户端连接,以及如何在SAP HANA和外部身份验证之间进行单点登录。
2、SAPHANA基于内容的存储:本指南概述了内容功能,内容的构成
元素,以及与SAPHANA的集成。
它提供了按照标准存储项和视图创建内容
的详细信息,以及如何使用SAPHANA日志文件中的内容。
它还介绍了如何
使用内容索引和内容检索,以及如何将内容添加到SAPHANA的存储中。
3、SAPHANA集群管理:本指南概述了SAPHANA集群管理的概念,以
及如何在现有的SAPHANA集群中进行可用性管理。
此外,它还介绍了如何
配置和管理群集中的节点,以及如何使用仪表板监控集群的性能和健康状况。
4、SAPHANA数据故障恢复:本指南概述了SAPHANA数据故障恢复的
概念,以及可用的故障恢复方案。
它介绍了SAPHANA的备份功能,包括增量,差异和全量备份,以及如何恢复和完整性校验数据。
此外,它还介绍
了如何使用灾难恢复概念为SAPHANA实现高可用性。
5、SAPHANA运维管理:本指南概述了SAPHANA的系统运维管理概念。
SAPHANA学习笔记
SAPHANA学习笔记SAP HANA:High-Performance Analytic ApplianceSAP HANA XSC:Extended Application Services Classic(SAP 推出的基于HANA的扩展应用服务引擎,是一个轻量级的应用服务器,内嵌在SAPHANA内存数据平台当中作为HANA表与视图的一个程序逻辑与web服务)1、列存储:适合做数据的读取和分析,主要用于业务数据表;TID(Transaction ID)事务ID2、行存储:数据更新效率更高,主要用于系统表;CID (Commit ID)提交ID3、HANA数据更新•列存储:Main内存区域和 Delta内存区域数据合并的过程称为Delta Merge,Main内存区域数据经过轻量级的压缩•HANA列存储数据更新是通过只插入实现的•行存储:Segment、TVM(Transactional Vision Memery)区域多版本并发控制 - MVCC(Multi-Version Concurrency Control)4、外部系统访问HANA接口方式:•JDBC,java数据库连接(Java Data Base Connectivity),是一种用于执行SQL语句的Java API,通过它可访问各类关系数据库。
开发JAVA应用。
•ODBC,开放数据库互连(Open Database Connectivity),是微软公司开放服务结构中有关数据库的一个组成部分,它建立了一组规范,并提供了一组对数据库访问的标准API,开发.NET应用•ODBO,(OLE DB for OLAP),Microsoft Execl通过ODBO 和HANA数据源相连•MDX,多维度查询表达式(multi dimensional expression),是由Microsoft ,Hyperion 等公司研究多维查询表达式,是所有OLAP 高级分析所采用的核心查询语言•OData,开放数据协议(Open data Protocol),是用来查询和更新数据的一种Web协议,其提供了把存在于应用程序中的数据暴露出来的方式。
SAPHANA学习(1):SAPHANASQLReference
SAPHANA学习(1):SAPHANASQLReference 3.SAP HANA SQL Reference3.1注释/*1.注释*/--单⾏注释/*多⾏注释*/3.2标志符/*2.标识符*//*⽤来定义table name,column name,index name,function name,procedure name等1.使⽤双引号括起来的标志符可以是任何字符2.⾮使⽤双引号括起来的标志符,只能有字母开头,数字和下划线组成注意:⾮双引号括起来的标志符,sql解析时,服务器会转换为⼤写*/3.3⽤户名/*3.⽤户名*//*⽤户名可以包含下划线和连接符,不使⽤双引号括起来;密码最⼩长度为8;*/3.4引号/*4.引号*//*单引号表⽰分隔字符串;单引号本⾝使⽤''两个单引号表⽰;双引号表⽰标志符;双引号本⾝使⽤""两个双引号表⽰;*/3.5⽂件语句语法表⽰符号/*5.语句、语法表⽰符号*//*<> :sql语法成分;::= :运算符,右边表⽰左边元素;[] : 表⽰可选部分;{} :表⽰组元素,可以重复0次或多次;| :表⽰公式两部份,任选⼀个;[……]:表⽰前⾯元素可选重复;!! :表⽰普通⽂本<digit> ::= 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0<letter> :: = a | b | …… | z | A | …… | Z*/3.6数据类型/*6.数据类型*//*Datetime types DATE, TIME, SECONDDATE, TIMESTAMPNumeric types TINYINT, SMALLINT, INTEGER, BIGINT, SMALLDECIMAL, DECIMAL, REAL, DOUBLEBoolean type BOOLEANCharacter string types VARCHAR, NVARCHAR, ALPHANUM, SHORTTEXTBinary types VARBINARYLarge Object types BLOB, CLOB, NCLOB, TEXTMulti-valued types ARRAYSpatial types ST_GEOMETRY, ST_POINT常数,固定值,使⽤单引号包起来,‘100’;Unicode字符串,前⾯加⼤写N表⽰,例如:N'abc';⼆进制类型使⽤varbinary类型存储;当size⼩于等于8192可以使⽤(N)VARCHAR保存varbinary(<n>)存储以字节为单位,<n>表⽰最⼤长度1-5000,默认为1;布尔数据类型保存布尔类型数据;数据值:TRUE,FALSE,UNKNOWN(同义NULL)当系统不⽀持boolean类型,TRUE = 1,FALSE = 0;字符串数据类型varchar:7位ASCII字符串;nvarchar:⽤于存储unicode字符串;字符串不⽀持排序规则表达式,字符串⽐较是使⽤对应⼆进制⽐较;定义varchar(<n>):<n>指定字符串长度1-5000,不指定默认1;nvarchar(<n>):alphanum:包含字母数字的可变长字符串,字符串长度1-127,可以进⾏排序对于纯数字,可以看做前导0的字母;shorttext:可变长字符串,⽀持⽂本搜索,字符串搜索;⽀持column table,不⽀持row table;3.6.1数据类型转换SAP HANA⽀持显式或隐式数据类型转换;function:● CAST function● TO_ALPHANUM function● TO_BIGINT function● TO_VARBINARY function● TO_BLOB function● TO_CLOB function● TO_DATE function● TO_DATS function● TO_DECIMAL function● TO_DOUBLE function● TO_INTEGER function● TO_INT function● TO_NCLOB function● TO_NVARCHAR function● TO_REAL function● TO_SECONDDATE function● TO_SMALLINT function● TO_TINYINT function● TO_TIME function● TO_TIMESTAMP function● TO_VARCHAR functiontime -> timestamp 显式转换to_timestamp or cast function;3.6.2数据类型优先级优先级低的类型数据⽐较计算时,会隐式转换成较⾼优先级数据;● TIMESTAMP● SECONDDATE● DATE● TIME● DOUBLE● REAL● DECIMAL● SMALLDECIMAL● DECIMAL(<precision>, <scale>)● BIGINT● INTEGER● SMALLINT● TINYINT● NCLOB● NVARCHAR● CLOB● VARCHAR● BLOB● VARBINARY数据转换报错1.DECEMAL TO BIGINTDECEMAL 111.324BIGINT 111报错:Overflow error2.VARCHAR TO BIGINTVARCHAR '12.3332'BIGINT 12报错:invalid numberVARCHAR TO TINYINTVARCHAR '256'TINYINT 256报错:Overflow error*/⽰例:-- stringselect'100' "str1", 'hello' "str2",N'aba' "unicode str3" from dummy;--numberselect1 "int1", 1.234 "decimals1", 1.23e2 "decimals2", 0xabcdef "Hex Decimals" from dummy; --binary stringselect X'2112' "binary string", x'abdd' "binary string2" from dummy;--date,time,timestampselect date'2011-11-01' "⽇期", time'12:22:33.22' "时间" , timestamp'2011-02-22 22:22:33' "时间戳" from dummy; --test boolean--创建⾏存储⽅式tableCREATE ROW TABLE TEST (A BOOLEAN);--查询显⽰True 1,False 0INSERT INTO TEST VALUES (TRUE);INSERT INTO TEST VALUES (FALSE);--查询语句显⽰??INSERT INTO TEST VALUES (UNKNOWN);INSERT INTO TEST VALUES (NULL);SELECT A "boolean值" FROM TEST;SELECT A "boolean值" FROM TEST WHERE A = TRUE;--错误语法--SELECT * FROM DUMMY WHERE ( 'A'>'B' ) = ( 'C'>'D' );--同样实现SELECT*FROM DUMMY WHERECASE WHEN ( 'A'>'B' ) THEN TRUE WHEN NOT ( 'A'>'B' ) THEN FALSE ELSE NULL END=CASE WHEN ( 'C'>'D' ) THEN TRUE WHEN NOT ( 'C'>'D' ) THEN FALSE ELSE NULL END;--满⾜条件SELECT*FROM dummy WHERE TRUE = TRUE ;--不满⾜条件SELECT*FROM dummy WHERE TRUE = FALSE ;--创建表CREATE ROW TABLE INT_NUM(number TINYINT,number1 SMALLINT,number2 INTEGER,number3 BIGINT,number4 DECIMAL,number5 SMALLDECIMAL,number6 REAL,number7 DOUBLE);--插⼊数据INSERT INTO INT_NUM VALUES (1,1,1,1,1.31333,1.32,1.33,1.34);SELECT*from INT_NUM;3.6.3⽇期数据类型/*--⽇期数据类型DATE:默认格式YYYY-MM-DD,范围0001-01-01 ~ 9999-12-31TO_DATE()⽅法YYYY/MM/DDYYYY/MM-DDYYYY-MM/DDYYYYMMDDMON:⽉份英⽂简写,⽰例:JAN.MONTH:⽉份英⽂,⽰例:JANUARY.RM:罗马数字表⽰⽉份,I-XII,⽰例:⼀⽉:I;DDD:⼀年的第⼏天1-366,TIME:默认HH24-MI-SS,HH24:⼩时0-23;MI:分钟0-59;SS:秒0-59;TO_TIME()⽅法HH:MI[:SS][AM][PM]:HH12:MI[:SS][AM][PM]:12⼩时进制HH24:MI[:SS]:SSSSS:秒,0-86399;SECONDDATE:默认格式YYYY-MM-DD HH24-MI-SS;TIMESTAMP:默认格式YYYY-MM-DD HH24-MI-SS.FF7.FF<n>:代表n⼩数字数TO_TIMESTAMP()⽅法--将字符串VARCHAR转换为⽇期,对应format格式TO_VARCHAR()⽅法D:周天,1-7;DAY:周天,英⽂,⽰例:星期⼀,MONDAY;DY:周天,英⽂简写,⽰例:星期⼀,MON;MON:⽉份英⽂简写,⽰例:JAN;MONTH:⽉份英⽂全称;RM:罗马数字符号表⽰⽉;Q:季度1-4;W:⼀个⽉第⼏周1-6;WW:⼀年的第⼏个⽉1-54;*/--设置时间格式,⽇期格式CREATE TABLE TEST_DATE(date1 DATE,date2 TIME,date3 TIMESTAMP,date4 SECONDDATE);--> OKINSERT INTO TEST_DATE VALUES ('2020-02-03','02:33:33','2018/01/02 10:00:00','2020-02-23 22:33:33'); --> ERROR,时间戳格式错误--INSERT INTO TEST_DATE VALUES ('2020-02-03','02:33:33','02/01/2018 10:00:00','2020-02-03 22:33:33'); -->查询显⽰,时间戳转换为varcharSELECT TO_VARCHAR(date3) FROM TEST_DATE;-->设置format格式SELECT TO_VARCHAR(date3,'⽉:MON-MONTH;天:DAY-D-DY;第Q季;第WW⽉;第W周') FROM TEST_DATE; -->设置默认DATE格式--SET 'DATE_FORMAT' = 'YYYY/MM/DD';-->设置默认TIME格式--SET 'TIME_FORMAT' = 'HH:MI:SS';-->设置SECONDDATE格式--SET 'SECONDDATE_FORMAT' = 'DD/MM/YYYY HH:MI:SS';-->删除TABLE语句DROP TABLE TEST_DATE1;CREATE TABLE TEST_DATE1(date1 DATE,date2 TIME,date3 TIMESTAMP,date4 SECONDDATE);-->设置默认时间戳格式SET'TIMESTAMP_FORMAT'='DD/MM/YYYY HH:MI:SS';--> ERROR,时间戳格式错误--INSERT INTO TEST_DATE VALUES ('2020-02-03','02:33:33','2018/01/02 10:00:00','2020-02-03 22:33:33'); --> OK,需要按照事件戳格式设置值 (并不OK,报错?)INSERT INTO TEST_DATE1 VALUES ('2020-02-03','02:33:33','02/01/2018 10:00:00','2020-02-03 22:33:33'); --> 02/01/2018 10:00:00SELECT TO_VARCHAR(date3) FROM TEST_DATE1;/*DATE空类型设置值为'','0000-00-00',NULL,查询显⽰为'?';*/CREATE ROW TABLE TEST_DATE2 (A INT, B DATE, C DATE);INSERT INTO TEST_DATE2 VALUES (1, '', '0001-01-01');INSERT INTO TEST_DATE2 VALUES (2, '0000-00-00', '0001-01-01');INSERT INTO TEST_DATE2 VALUES (3, '0000-00-00', '0001-01-01');INSERT INTO TEST_DATE2 VALUES (4, '0001-01-01', '0001-01-01');INSERT INTO TEST_DATE2 VALUES (5, NULL, '0001-01-01');INSERT INTO TEST_DATE2 VALUES (6, '0001-01-01', '0001-02-01');--查询到1,2,3条数据,不包含NULLSELECT*FROM TEST_DATE2 WHERE B ='00000000';--查询到1,2,3条数据,不包含NULLSELECT*FROM TEST_DATE2 WHERE B ='';--查询到不为NULL的所有记录SELECT*FROM TEST_DATE2 WHERE B IS NOT NULL;--所有记录SELECT*FROM TEST_DATE2;--DAYS_BETWEEN()函数两个⽇期之间天数SELECT DAYS_BETWEEN(B, C) FROM TEST_DATE2;--时间格式设置DATEINSERT INTO TEST_DATE VALUES ('2020-02-03','','','');INSERT INTO TEST_DATE VALUES ('2020/02/03','','','');INSERT INTO TEST_DATE VALUES ('2020-02/03','','','');INSERT INTO TEST_DATE VALUES ('2020/02-03','','','');INSERT INTO TEST_DATE VALUES ('20200203','','','');INSERT INTO TEST_DATE VALUES (TO_DATE('2020-Jan-03','YYYY-MON-DD'),'','','');INSERT INTO TEST_DATE VALUES (TO_DATE('2020-January-03','YYYY-MONTH-DD'),'','','');INSERT INTO TEST_DATE VALUES (TO_DATE('2020-I-03','YYYY-RM-DD'),'','','');--默认年份0001INSERT INTO TEST_DATE VALUES (TO_DATE('I-03','RM-DD'),'','','');INSERT INTO TEST_DATE VALUES (TO_DATE('2012-365','YYYY-DDD'),'','','');--默认年份0001INSERT INTO TEST_DATE VALUES (TO_DATE('365','DDD'),'','','');--时间格式TIME--默认24⼩时制INSERT INTO TEST_DATE VALUES ('','12:22:02','','');INSERT INTO TEST_DATE VALUES ('','12:22:02 AM','','');INSERT INTO TEST_DATE VALUES ('','12:22:02 PM','','');INSERT INTO TEST_DATE VALUES ('','12:22','','');INSERT INTO TEST_DATE VALUES ('',TO_TIME('12:22:22','HH12:MI:SS'),'','');INSERT INTO TEST_DATE VALUES ('',TO_TIME('12345','SSSSS'),'','');--时间格式TIMESTAMPINSERT INTO TEST_DATE VALUES ('','',TO_TIMESTAMP('2020-02-02 22:23:13.99','YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF'),''); 3.6.4LOB数据类型/*Large Object(LOB)数据类型⼤量数据类型⽤来保存长⽂本,图⽚等数据;BLOB:⽤来保存⼤量的⼆进制数据,可以转换为varbinary类型;CLOB:⽤来保存⼤量7位ASCII字符数据,可以转换为varchar类型;NCLOB:⽤来保存⼤量Unicode字符数据,可以转换为nvarchar类型; TEXT:⽂本类型,可以使⽤⽂本搜索功能,只能定义在column table; TEXT不是标准的SQL数据类型,选择TEXT列会转换为NCLOB列;BINTEXT:和⽂本类型类似,⽀持⽂本搜索功能,可以保存⼆进制数据LOB数据⽀持操作:1.Length()⽀持clob/nclob/blob数据类型,返回字节长度;2.Substr()⽀持clob/nclob数据类型;3.Coalesce();4.like,contains条件⽀持clob/nclob数据类型;5.null条件⽀持clob/nclob/blob数据类型;LOB数据限制:1.order by/group by语句不能使⽤lob数据列;2.lob数据列不能作为from连接条件;3.lob数据列不能作为where条件,除了使⽤like;4.lob数据列不能作为聚合函数的参数;5.select distinct不能使⽤lob数据列;6.LOB列不能在集合操作(如EXCEPT)中使⽤。
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业务驱动 “What-If” 能基于数据集进行特殊事 务查询而无须IT支持
正确的时间获得正确的信息
事务 和 基础设施
更低的设施成本 服务器,存储,数据库 更低的劳动成本 备份/修复,报告,性能 优化
减少BW数据库 授权自助业务分析 – 减少IT支持 整合数据仓库和数据中心 内存商务应用 (减少事务型系统的数据库数目)
HW 技术创新
多核架构(8 x 8core CPU per blade) 采用多轮片的大规模并行技术
SAP SW 技术创新
行和列存储 压缩
分区
64位地址空间 – 2TB 空间的实时服 务器 100GB/s 数据传输 极高的性价比
没有聚合表
捕获实时数据 只需Delta插入
SAP 内存计算战略
科技创新 商业价值
Core Team:
xxx
Internal
HANA 入门
提纲
1. HANA 入门: 愿景 和战略 2. 解决方案概览及架构 3. 商业价值 4. HANA 建模工作站 5. BOE 连接 6. 实例
内存计算
现代科技允许在服务器内存里处理海量实时数 据,ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้便于给出来自分析和事务处理的中间结 果。
愿景: 内存计算 受限于技术的商业运作
SAP HANA 架构: 内存 介绍
现有系统状况
基于传统数据库的ERP系统
基于传统数据库的BW管理 从ERP中提取数据导入BW 通过BWA加速分析模型 基于BI的数据分析消耗或导入数据中心
第一步– 内存并行 (Q4 2010)
传统数据库中的作业数据导入内存以便于作业报告调用 EDW所产出的分析模型能导入内存以便于敏捷建模和生成 报告 第三方数据(POS, CDR etc.)也能导入至内存以便于敏捷建模 和生成报告
5. BOE 连接
6. 实例
内存计算产品 “SAP HANA” SAP 高性能分析装置
什么事 SAP HANA?
第三方 BI 客户端
SAP HANA 是一个预配置框装置
MDX BICS SQL
SAP HANA 建模
捆绑内存软件的硬件合作伙伴(HP, IBM, CISCO, Fujitsu) 内存计算引擎 数据建模工具, 数据与生命周期管理, 安全性, 操作性, etc. 通过Sybase备份服务器进行实时数据备份e D 支持多接口
1. 实时决策
• •
快速轻松地创建即时商业视图 获取实时分析
There is a significant interest from business to get agile analytic solutions. „In a down economy, companies focus on cash protection. The decision on what needs to be done to make procurement more efficient is being made in the procurement department“. CEO of a multinational transportation company
愿景: 内存计算
跨越当前的技术限制
未来情形
灵活的实时分析 实时客户盈利能力 基于大容量数据分析的有效的市场营销开 支
内存中TB级的 数据 100 GB每秒 的 数据流量 多样的源数据 实时
改善公司业绩
迅速为实现业务提供灵活的解决方案 为综合商品制造商缩短计费和对账周期 基于当前非整合数据的动态规划和仿真
技术 概览
计算模型 – 极高的动态计算性能和灵活性
SQL Script Plan Model
计算 模型
能基于输入脚本或SQL/MDX动态生成计算模 型 能通过计算模型定义具有高度复用性的带参 计算方案 计算模型支持脚本操作
SQL
MDX
other
解析
编译与优化 计算模型
计算引擎
数据存储
行存储 – 元数据 列存储 – 10-20x 数据压缩率
封装内容 (抽取器与数据模型) 首次引入 • 支持功能
SAP 商业 套件
能基于大量非聚合数据进行极速实时分析
能同时基于实时和历史商业数据创建灵活的分析模型
replicate
为新型应用 (比如:规划,仿真) 大大提升性能奠定基础
SAP HANA
ETL
最小化数据复制
第三方
SAP BW
3.
发现新观点
•
打破传统大数据分析的限制 – 趋势,数据挖掘,预测分析 等 结构化和非结构化数据
•
4.
提高业务产出
• • •
设计业务和创建分析模型 自助业务 减少 IT 依赖 在任何地点均可使用数据
Traditional data warehouse processes are too complex and consume too much time for business departments. „ The companies *…+ were frustrated with usual problems *…+ difficulty to build new information views. These companies were willing to move data *…+ into another proprietary file format *…+. “ Analyst
SAP HANA 架构: DW 革新与应用创新
第二步–存储BW的主要数据 (Planned for Q3 2011)
内存计算作为BW的主要支撑手段 BW管理分析元数据和EDW数据调配过程 所有过程的基本操作是从具体应用程序中复制详细的作 业数据 SAP HANA 1.5 将能提供BWA功能
第五步 – 平台整合
所有应用 (ERP 和 BW) 运行数据驻留于内存 分析和操作基于实时数据 内存计算执行所有事务操作,转换和复杂数据处理
提纲
1. HANA入门: 愿景和战略 2. 解决方案概览及架构 3. 商业价值 4. HANA 建模工作站 5. BOE连接 6. 实例
实时企业: 基于关键业务驱动的价值定位
2.
提高业务效率
•
加快领域事务信息流速度,比如规划、预测、造价、供应 等事务
Flexibility to analyse business missed by LoB. „First performance, and the other is flexibility on a business analyst level, who need to do deep diving to better understand and conclude. The second would be that also front-end tools are not providing flexibility“. Executive of a global retail company
实时分析, 过程革新, 较低的 TCO
未来应用的核心
打包的工业业务流水线解决方案
提纲
客户联合创新
客户参与设计
不间断的创新
当前可预见的新功能
扩大合作伙伴交流生态系统
合作伙伴开发的应用, 硬件合作伙伴
提纲
1. HANA入门: 愿景和战略 2. 解决方案概览及架构 3. 商业价值 4. HANA 建模工作站
HANA 信息建模器 数据视图
HANA 信息建模器
创建层次结构
HANA 建模器 创建分析视图
HANA 建模器 创建分析视图
提纲
1. HANA入门: 愿景和战略 2. 解决方案概览与架构 3. 商业价值 4. HANA 建模工作站 5. BOE连接 6. 实例
BO 企业工具连接
1. 企业水晶报表- (ODBC, JDBC, Universe) 2. IDT (信息设计工具) - JDBC 3. Explorer – CMC中配置连接 4. Office高级分析 (Q1 2011 release) 5. Web Intelligence – Universe 6. Xcelsius - Universe
提纲
1. HANA入门: 愿景和战略 2. 解决方案概览与架构 3. 商业价值 4. HANA 建模工作站 5. BOE连接 6. 实例
THANK YOU
5.
提升IT效率
• •
有效管理不断增长的数据量和复杂性 更低的成本
实时企业: 价值定位
价值模块 价值元素
新业务模型 基于实时信息和实时操作 提升业务灵活性 极大地提升规划、预测、造价 优化等操作性能
基于内存的组件
基于内存的高性能应用程序 结合分析型和事务型应用 无须按层级规划和聚合 逐步更新多维仿真模型 安全结合内外部数据
转换处理
新的商业机会 基于复杂大数据的更快、更准的 商业决策
减少批量数据加载
高性能“实时”分析 支持趋势分析,仿真 (“what-if”) 业务驱动数据模型 同时支持结构化和非结构化数据 基于非聚合数据集的分析
“实时” 商业观点
快速感知和反应 对触发事件进行实时数据分 析 (如:市场分析)
第三步– 新应用 (Planned for Q3 2011)
新应用扩展核心商业套装功能 新应用委托数据的强度操作均基于内存计算 新应用中的作业数据能即刻获得分析结果 – 真正的实时
SAP HANA 架构: 应用平台转换
第四步 – 实时数据补充 (2012/2013)