最全医学微生物学(全英文)Ch0 Introduction-2 (History)
微生物学经典教材
微生物学经典教材1. 《微生物学》（Prescott's Microbiology）《微生物学》是微生物学研究领域的经典教材，由Prescott等人编写。
该教材内容全面，讲述了微生物的起源、结构、功能、分类、繁殖等核心知识，还介绍了微生物在生态系统中的作用以及微生物与人类疾病的关系。
这本教材系统且综合，是学习和研究微生物学的重要参考书之一。
2. 《Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology》《贝尔吉细菌系统分类手册》是微生物学领域的经典权威教材，由David H. Bergey等人编写。
该教材主要介绍了细菌的分类和命名规则，讲述了细菌的形态、生理特性、遗传特性等内容，帮助读者了解和识别细菌的系统分类。
此外，该手册还提供了各种细菌的详细描述和鉴定方法，适合于需要进行细菌鉴定和分类研究的读者。
3. 《医学微生物学》（Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg's Medical Microbiology）《医学微生物学》是医学微生物学领域的经典教材，由George Brooks等人编写。
该书综合介绍了医学微生物学的基本概念和原理，包括细菌、真菌、病毒和寄生虫等微生物的特性、致病机制和诊断方法。
此外，该教材还介绍了常见的医学微生物感染疾病的临床表现、治疗和预防。
对于医学生和从事临床工作的专业人士来说，这是一本必备教材。
4. 《生物制药微生物学》（Biotechnology: A Laboratory Skills Course）《生物制药微生物学》是一本关于生物制药微生物学实验课程的经典教材，由John Buonocore等人编写。
该教材详细介绍了生物制药中常用的微生物培养技术、酵母和真菌发酵、细胞培养、蛋白质表达等实验技术和操作方法。
对于从事生物制药研发或相关工作的人员来说，该教材可以帮助他们掌握实验技术并开展相关研究。
医学微生物学英语
医学微生物学英语Microbiology is a fascinating field that delves into the intricate world of microscopic organisms, playing a pivotal role in the realm of medicine. From the study of bacteria, viruses, and other microbes, to the understanding of their impact on human health, microbiology has been at the forefront of scientific advancements.One of the primary focuses of medical microbiology is the identification and characterization of pathogenic microorganisms. These are the microbes that can cause various diseases and infections in the human body. By understanding the unique features and behaviors of these microbes, medical professionals can develop effective strategies for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of infectious diseases.The field of medical microbiology encompasses a wide range of specialized areas. Bacteriology, for instance, involves the study of bacteria, their structure, metabolism, and the ways in which they can either benefit or harm human health. Virology, on the other hand, focuses on the study of viruses, their genetic composition, and their ability to infect and replicate within host cells.Another important aspect of medical microbiology is the study of the human microbiome. The human body is home to a vast and diverse community of microorganisms, collectively known as the microbiome. These microbes play a crucial role in maintaining a healthy immune system, aiding in the digestion of food, and even influencing the development of the brain and nervous system.Understanding the delicate balance of the microbiome and how it can be disrupted by factors such as diet, antibiotic use, and environmental exposures is a critical area of research in medical microbiology. Imbalances in the microbiome have been linked to a variety of health conditions, including inflammatory bowel diseases, obesity, and even certain mental health disorders.In the realm of diagnosis and treatment, medical microbiologists play a vital role. They develop and refine techniques for the rapid and accurate identification of infectious agents, allowing healthcare providers to make informed decisions about the most appropriate course of action. This can include the use of advanced laboratory techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and next-generation sequencing, to detect the presence of specific microbes.Moreover, medical microbiologists contribute to the development of new antimicrobial agents, such as antibiotics and antiviral drugs, to combat the growing threat of drug-resistant microbes. As pathogensevolve and become more resilient, the need for innovative and effective therapies becomes increasingly urgent.Beyond the clinical setting, medical microbiologists also play a crucial role in public health and epidemiology. They investigate outbreaks of infectious diseases, tracing the sources and transmission patterns of microbes, and implementing strategies to control and prevent the spread of these diseases within communities.The field of medical microbiology is constantly evolving, with new discoveries and advancements being made every day. From the development of cutting-edge diagnostic tools to the exploration of the human microbiome, the contributions of medical microbiologists have a profound impact on the health and well-being of individuals and populations worldwide.As we continue to navigate the complex and ever-changing landscape of infectious diseases, the expertise and dedication of medical microbiologists will remain essential in our efforts to maintain and improve global health.。
《医学微生物学》课程简介(公管、体育)
《医学微生物学》课程简介
课程名称：《医学微生物学》
英文名称：《medical microbiology》
开课单位：基础部微生物学教研室
课程性质：考查课
总学时：24学时
学分：1.3学分
适用专业：公共事业管理、社会体育
教学目的：使学生获得医学微生物学的基础理论与基本知识，并了解微生物学科的最新研究领域；使学生得到微生物学科的基本技能的训练，培养学
生应用所学微生物学理论知识分析和解决实际问题，为学习其它相关
课程打下良好的基础。
内容简介：医学微生物学是重点学科。
教材从内容到形式均力求与国际先进教材接轨，反映微生物学科的最新水平。
内容包括细菌学：比如：微生物
的纯培养和显微技术、微生物的细胞结构与功能、营养代谢、生长繁
殖及其控制等。
第二篇：病毒学，第三篇：真菌学。
第四篇：医院感
染的微生物学。
基本教学内容注重微生物学的基本概念、基本原理和
基本技术，不断补充所在领域的最新研究成果及动态，力求培养学生
在掌握微生物学基本原理的基础上，尽快了解吸收和掌握最新科技动
态和科技前沿，推动学生寻找问题、思考问题、解决问题。
考核形式：闭卷考试
教材：《医学微生物学与寄生虫学》，人民卫生出版社，刘晶星，1版，2002年。
参考书目：《医学微生物学与免疫学》，人民卫生出版社，周正任，6版， 2003年。
主讲教师：周安讲师魏洪讲师。
医学微生物学英语词汇
AAbortive infection 顿挫感染* Absorption 吸附* Acid-fast bacilli 抗酸杆菌Acquired immunity 获得性免疫* Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome，AIDS 获得性免疫缺陷综合征* Actinomyces 放线菌属Acute infection 急性感染* Adenovirus 腺病毒Adhesin 粘附素黄曲霉A. israelii 衣氏放线菌* Anaerobic bacteria 厌氧性细菌Anaerobic medium 厌氧培养基Antibody dependent enhancement,ADE 抗体依赖的促进作用Antigenic drift 抗原漂移Antigenic shift 抗原性转换* Antisepsis 防腐* Antistreptolysin O (ASO) test, 抗链球菌溶素O试验Antiviral protein,AVP 抗病毒蛋白Apoptosis 细胞凋亡* Apparent infection 显性感染Arbovirus 虫媒病毒* Artificial active immunization 人工主动免疫* Artificial passive immunization 人工被动免疫* Asepsis 无菌Aspergillus 曲霉* Assembly and release 装备与释放* Astrovirus 星状病毒Autotroph 自养菌* Attenuated vaccine 减毒疫苗B* Bacillus 杆菌、芽胞杆菌属* Bacillus anthracis 炭疽芽胞杆菌Bacillus cereus 蜡样芽胞杆菌* Bacteremia 菌血症Bacterial infection 细菌感染* Bacterial L form 细菌L型* Bacteriocin 细菌素* Bacteriophage 噬菌体* Bacterium 细菌Bartonella 巴尔通体属* Bacteriodes fragilis 脆弱类杆菌Bifidobacterium 双歧杆菌属* Binary fission 二分裂汉赛巴尔通体* Bioproduct 生物制品* Biosynthesis 生物合成Biotype 生物型* Biovar trachoma 沙眼生物亚种Blastospore 芽生胞子* Borrelia burgdoyferi 伯氏疏螺旋体* Botulin 肉毒毒素Bovine spongiform encephalopathy,BSE 牛海绵状脑病(疯牛病) * Bordetella pertussis 百日咳鲍特菌* Brucella 布鲁菌属Burkitt，s lymphoma,BL 伯基特淋巴瘤C* Candida albicans 白假丝酵母菌* Calicivirus 杯状病毒Campylobacter 弯曲菌属* Capsid 衣壳Capsomere 壳粒* Capsule 荚膜* Carrier 带菌者* Carrier state 带菌状态Cat scratch disease, CSD 猫抓病* 肉毒梭菌艰难梭菌Cell membrane 细胞膜Cellular microbiology 细胞微生物学Cell wall 细胞壁* Chlamydia 衣原体Chlamydospore 厚膜胞子Cholera toxin,CT 霍乱毒素* Chronic infection 慢性感染空肠弯曲菌* Classical biotype 古典生物型* Clostridium 梭菌属* Coagulase 凝固酶* Coccus 球菌* Colony 菌落Colonization 定植Complex symmetry 复合对称* Conditional pathogen 条件致病菌* Conjugation 接合Core polysaccharide 核心多糖Coronavirus 冠状病毒* Corynebacterium diphtheriae 白喉棒状杆菌* Coxsackievirus 柯萨奇病毒* Coxiella burnetii 贝纳柯克斯体* 产气荚膜梭菌* 肺炎衣原体* Cryptococcus neoformans 新生隐球菌* 破伤风梭菌* 沙眼衣原体* Culture medium 培养基* Cytomegalovirus,CMV 巨细胞病毒Cytoplasme 细胞质* Cytopathic effect,CPE 细胞病变效应D* Darkfeild microscope 暗视野显微镜Decline phase 衰亡期Defective interfering particles,DIP 缺陷干扰颗粒* Defective virus 缺陷病毒* Dengue virus 登革病毒* Dermatophytes 皮肤癣菌* Diplococcus 双球菌Differential medium 鉴别培养基* Disinfectant 消毒剂* Disinfection 消毒* Dysbacteriosis 菌群失调* Dysentery bacterium 痢疾杆菌E产气肠杆菌EB early antigen，EA EB病毒早期抗原EB nuclear antigen，EBNA EB病毒核抗原* Eclipse period 隐蔽期* Ehrlichia 埃立克体属Electron microscope 电子显微镜elementary body 原体* El tor biotype Eltor 生物型* Encephalitis B virus 乙型脑炎病毒* Endogenous infection 内源性感染Endospore 内芽胞* Endotoxemia 内毒素血症* Endotoxin 内毒素Enteric adenovirus 肠道腺病毒* ECHO , Enteric cytopathogenic human orphan virus ECHO病毒* EAggEC, Enteroaggregative 肠凝集性大肠埃希菌* EHEC, Enterohemorrhagic 肠出血性大肠埃希菌* EIEC, Enteroinvasive 肠侵袭性大肠埃希菌* EPEC, Enteropathogenic 肠致病性大肠埃希菌* ETEC, Enterotoxigenic 肠产毒性大肠埃希菌* Enterotoxin 肠毒素* Enterovirus 肠道病毒* Envelope 包膜Epidermolytic toxin 表皮溶解毒素Epidermophyton 表皮癣菌* Epstein-Barr virus，EBV EB病毒Erythrogenic toxin 红疹毒素* Escherichia coli 大肠埃希菌Exfoliative toxin,or exfoliatin 表皮剥脱毒素* Exogenous infection 外源性感染* Exotoxin 外毒素* Extracellular bacteria 胞外菌F* Facultative anaerobe 兼性厌氧菌* Fertility factor,F factor 致育因子Filamentous fungus 丝状菌Filter 滤菌器* Filtration 滤过除菌法* Fimbriae 菌毛* Flagellum 鞭毛Flaviviridae 黄病毒科Forest encephalitis virus 森林脑炎病毒Fractional sterilization 间歇蒸气灭菌法* Fungus 真菌G* Generalized infection 全身感染Generalized transduction 普遍性转导* Gene transfer 基因转移* Genus 菌属* Gonococcus 淋球菌* Gram stain 革兰染色* Growth curve 生长曲线* Growth factor 生长因子H* Haemophilus influenzae 流感嗜血杆菌* Hantavirus 汉坦病毒Hantaan virus 汉滩病毒Heat-labile enterotoxin,LT 不耐热肠毒素Heat-stable enterotoxin,ST 耐热肠毒素Heat-stable nuclease 耐热核酸酶* Helicobacter pylori 幽门螺杆菌* Helical symmetry 螺旋对称* Hemagglutinin ，HA 血凝素* α-hemolytic streptococcus 甲型（α）溶血链球菌* β-hemolytic steptococcus 乙性（β）溶血性链菌Hepadnaviridae 嗜肝DNA病毒科* HAV, Hepatitis A virus 甲型肝炎病毒* HBV, Hepatitis B virus 乙型肝炎病毒* HCV, Hepatitis C virus 丙型肝炎病毒* HDV, Hepatitis D virus 丁型肝炎病毒* HEV, hepatitis E virus 戊型肝炎病毒* HGV, hepatitis G virus 庚型肝炎病毒Herpesviridae 疱疹病毒科Histoplasma capsulatum 荚膜组织胞浆菌* Horizontal transmission 水平传播* Herpes simplex virus，HSV 单纯疱疹病毒Heterotroph 异养菌Human cytomegalovirus HCMV 人巨细胞病毒* Human herpes viruses,HHV 人疱疹病毒Human herpesvirus 6,HHV-6 人疱疹病毒6型Human herpesvirus 7，HHV-7 人疱疹病毒7型Human herpesvirus 8,HHV-8 人疱疹病毒8型* Human immunodeficiency viru ,HIV 人类免疫缺陷病毒* Human papillomavirus，HPV 人乳头瘤病毒属Human T-cell lymphotropic virus, HTLV 人类嗜T细胞病毒* Hyaluronidase 透明质酸酶* Hypha 菌丝IIatrogenic infection 医源性感染* Icosahedral symmetry 二十面体对称Immortalization 永生化Immune enhancement 免疫促进作用* Inactivated vaccine 灭活疫苗* Inactivation 灭活* Inapparent infection 隐性感染* Inclusion bodies 包涵体* Infection immunity 传染免疫* Influenza virus 流行性感冒病毒Initial body 始体* Innate immunity 天然免疫lnsertion sequence, IS 插入序列* Integration 整合Interference 干扰现象* Interferon 干扰素* Invasiveness 侵袭Invasin 侵袭素JJapanese encephalitis virus 日本脑炎病毒KKanagawa phenomenon,KP 神奈川现象klebsiella 克雷伯菌属肺炎克雷伯菌Kuru disease 库鲁病L* Latent infection 潜伏感染Latent membrane protein，LMP 潜伏感染膜蛋白Lecithinase 卵磷脂酶* Legionella 军团菌属* Leptospira 钩端螺旋体Light microscope 光学显微镜问号状钩端螺旋体* Lipid A 脂质A* Lipopolysaccharide, LPS 脂多糖Lipoteichoic acid, LTA 脂磷壁酸Liver specific Protein,LSP 肝特异性脂蛋白抗原Logarithmic phase 对数期L. Pneumophila 嗜肺军团菌* Lyme disease 莱姆病Lyophilization 冷冻真空干燥法* Lysogenic phage 溶原性噬菌体* Lysogenic bacterium 溶原性细菌* Lysogenic conversion 溶原性转换* Lysozyme 溶菌酶MMacrocomidium 大分生孢子Malassezia furfur 秕糠马拉癣菌Matrix prote M1 基质蛋白M1* Measles virus 麻疹病毒Median infective dose ID50 半数感染量Median lethal dose LD50 半数致死量* Medical microbiology 医学微生物学* Medical virology 医学病毒学Membrane antigen，MA 膜抗原* Meningococcus 脑膜炎球菌Mesosome 中介体* Metachromatic granule 异染颗粒Methicillin resistant ,MRSA 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌* Microaerophilic bacterium 微需氧菌* Microbiology 微生物学Microcapsule 微荚膜Microconidium 小分生孢子Microecology 微生态学* Microorganism 微生物Microsporum 小孢子癣菌* 麻风分枝杆菌* Mold 霉菌* M. Pneumoniae 肺炎支原体* 结核分枝杆菌Mucor 毛霉Multiple resistance 多种耐药性* Mumps virus 腮腺炎病毒* Mycelium 菌丝体* Mycobacterium 分枝杆菌Mycolic acid 分枝菌酸* Mycoplasma 支原体N* Negri body 内基小体* Negative staining 负染* Neisseria 奈瑟菌属* Neuraminidase, NA 神经氨酸酶Neurotoxin 神经毒素* 淋病奈瑟菌* 膜炎奈瑟菌Nocardia asteroids 星形诺卡菌Nocardia brasiliensis 巴西诺卡菌* Nonpathogenic bacterium,nonpathogen 非病原菌Nonpermissive cells 非容许性细胞* Nonspecific immunity 非特异性免疫Nontuberculosis mycobacteria 非结核分枝杆菌* Normal flora 正常菌群Norwalk 诺瓦克病毒* Nosocomial infction 医院内感染* Nuclear material 核质Nucleoprotein,NP 核蛋白* Nuclocapsid 核衣壳Nutrient agar 营养琼脂Nutrient broth 营养肉汤O* Obligate aerobe 专性需氧菌* Obligate anaerobe 专性厌氧菌Old tuberculin,OT 旧结核菌素* Opportunistic pathogenesis 机会致病性Ordinary pilus 普通菌毛Orientia 东方体属* Orthomyxoviridae 正粘病毒科Outer membrane 外膜* Outer membrane protein,OMP 外膜蛋白P铜绿假单胞菌Papovaviridae 乳多空病毒科属Parainfluenza virus 副流感病毒Paramyxoviridae 副粘病毒科Parasite 寄生菌* Parvovirus 细小病毒* Pasteurization 巴氏消毒法* Pathogenic bacterium,pathogen 病原菌* Pathogenicity 致病性Penetration 穿入Penton 五邻体* Peptostreptococcus 消化链球菌属* Peptidoglycan 肽聚糖Permissive cells 容许性细胞* Persistent viral infection 持续性病毒感染* Phagocytosis 吞噬作用Phagolysome 吞噬溶酶体Phagosome 吞噬体* Picornaviridae 小RNA病毒科Pilin 菌毛蛋白* Pilus 菌毛* Pinocytosis 吞饮作用Pinosome 吞饮体Plaque 噬斑Plaque forming units, pfu 噬斑形成单位* Plasmid 质粒* Pneumocystis carinii 卡氏肺孢菌* Pneumococcus 肺炎球菌* Poliovirus 脊髓灰质炎病毒Primary atypical pneumonia 原发性非典型性肺炎* Prion ( prion protine,PrP ) 朊粒* Prokaryotae 原核生物界* Prophage 前噬菌体Proteus 变形杆菌Protopast fusion 原生质体融合Pseudomonas 假单胞菌属Pure culture 纯培养Purified protein derivative,PPD 纯蛋白衍生物* Pyemia 脓毒血症* Pyogenic coccus 化脓性球菌Pyogenic streptococcus 化脓性链球菌*Pyrogen 热原质Pyrogenic exotoxin 致热外毒素R* Rabies virus 狂犬病病毒Reassortment 重配Recombination 重组Reovirus 呼肠病毒Resistance transfer factor, RTF 耐药性传递因子* Respiratory syscytial virus, RSV 呼吸道合胞病毒Restricted transduction 局限性转导Reticulate body 网状体* Retroviridae 逆转录病毒科Reverse transcr!ptase 逆转录酶Rhabdoviridae 弹状病毒科Rhinovirus 鼻病毒Ribonucleoprotein,RNP 核糖核蛋白Ribosome 核糖体* Rickettsia 立克次体* Rotavirus 轮状病毒Rough colony 粗糙型菌落普氏立克次体恙虫病东方体斑疹伤寒立克次体* Rubella virus 风疹病毒S* Salmonella 沙门菌属Samonellosis 沙门菌病* 鲍氏志贺菌* 痢疾志贺菌* Septicemia 败血症* Serological diagnosis 血清学诊断Sex pilus 性菌毛* 福氏志贺菌* Shigella 志贺菌属Shiga-like toxin,SLT 志贺样毒素希氏沙门菌* Slow virus infection 慢发病毒感染Small round structured virus,SRSV 小园形结构化病毒Smooth colony 光滑型菌落* A 甲型副伤寒沙门菌Specific immunity 特异性免疫* Specific polysaccharide 特异多糖* Spike 刺突* Spiral bacterium 螺形菌* Spirochete 螺旋体* 肺炎链球菌* Spore 芽胞肖氏沙门菌* 宋内氏志贺菌* Staphylococcus 葡萄球菌属Staphylococcal protein A ,SPA 葡萄球菌A蛋白Staphylolysin 葡萄球菌溶素* Sterilization 灭菌* Stormy fermentation 汹涌发酵* Strain 菌株Streptococcal fibrinolysin 链球菌溶纤维蛋白酶* Streptococcus 链球菌属* γ-streptococcus 丙型（γ）链球菌Streptodornase,SD 链道酶Streptokinase,SK 链激酶* StreptolysinO, SLO 链球菌溶素OStreptolysinS, SLS 链球菌溶素S* 伤寒沙门菌Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, SSPE 亚急性硬化性全脑炎* Subclinical infection 亚临床感染* Subvirus 亚病毒* Sulfur granule 硫磺样颗粒Superinfection 重迭感染TTCID50 (50%tissue culture infective dose) 半数组织感染剂量* Teichoic acid 磷壁酸* Temperate phage 温和噬菌体Temperature sensitive mutant 温度敏感突变株Tetani 破伤风* Tetanospasmin 破伤风痉挛毒素* Tetanus antitoxin,TAT 破伤风抗毒素* Titer 效价或滴度Togaviridae 披膜病毒科* Toxemia 毒血症Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1,TSST-1 毒性休克毒素综合征毒素-I * Toxin 毒素* Toxoid 类毒素* Treponema pallidium 苍白密螺旋体* Transduction 转导* Transformation 转化Transposon, Tn 转座子Trichophyton 毛癣菌Tubercle bacilli 结核杆菌* Type 型* Typhoid fever,or enteric fever 肠热症U* Uncoating 脱壳* 溶脲脲原体V* Vaccine 疫苗* Varicella-zoster virus VZV 水痘-带状疱疹病毒Verotoxin vero毒素* Vertical transmission 垂直传播Vibrio 弧菌属* Vibrio cholerae 霍乱弧菌* Virion 病毒体Viroid 类病毒* Virology 病毒学* Virulence 毒力* Virulent phage 毒性噬菌体* Virus 病毒* 副溶血性弧菌WWall teichoic acid 壁磷壁酸* Weil-Felix reaction 外斐反应* Widal reaction 肥达反应YYeast 酵母菌Yeast-Like fungus 类酵母菌Yersinia pestis 鼠疫耶尔森菌ZZones of inhibition 抑菌圈* Zoonosis 动物源性疾病。
医学微生物学(全英文)Ch2 Heredity and Variation - 10
Chromosome Plasmids Transposable Elements Bacteriophages
Extrachromosomal Genetic Elements
Plasmids
Based on whether it can be transmitted by conjugation
Transposable Elements
Are segments of DNA that can move from one site in a DNA molecule to other target sites in the same or a different DNA molecules.
Incompatible Plasmids Closely related or identical plasmids are incompatible to each other. Can not co-exist in the same host cell.
Compatible Plasmids Compatible to each other. Present in the same host bacterium.
R: conjugative; r: nonconjugative
RTF: Resistance Transfer Factor Encoding sex pili
Structure of R plasmids
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
r plasmids
Virulence plasmids
Virulence (Vi) plasmids carry determinants of bacterial virulence, e.g., enterotoxin genes of E. coli Bacteriocin plasmids Encode the genetic information determining the bacteriocin production
Microbiology微生物学分类相关中英文对照
Microbiology微生物学分类相关中英文对照Microbiology 微生物学分类相关中英文对照微生物学microbiology病毒学virology噬菌体学bacteriophagology细菌学bacteriology鉴定细菌学determinative bacteriology系统细菌学systematic bacteriology真菌学mycology原生生物学protistology原生动物学protozoology普通微生物学general microbilogy微生物分类学microbial taxonomy微生物生理学microbial physiology微生物生物化学microbial biochemistry 微生物遗传学microbial genetics微生物生态学microbial ecology古微生物学paleomicrobiology土壤微生物学soil microbiology水生微生物学aquatic microbiology海洋微生物学marine microbiology悉生生物学gnotobiology医学微生物学medical microbiology兽医微生物学veterinary microbiology农业微生物学agricultural microbiology工业微生物学industrial microbiology石油微生物学petroleum microbiology食品微生物学food microbiology乳品微生物学diary microbiology瘤胃微生物学rumen microbiology诊断微生物学diagnostic microbiology病原学etiology国际微生物学会联合会International Union of Microbiological Societies, IUMS中国微生物学会Chinese Society for Microbiology, CSM世界培养物保藏协会World Federation for Culture Collection, WFCC中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms,CCCCM美国模式培养物保藏所American Type Culture Collection, ATCC 自然发生说，无生源说spontaneous generation, abiogenesis 原界urkingdom始祖生物progenote古始生物界archetista古细菌archaebacteria原生生物protista原生动物protozoan原生植物protophyte真核生物eukaryote原核生物prokaryote裂殖植物schizophyte微生物microorganism数值分类法numerical taxonomy模式目type order模式科type family模式属type genus模式种type species模式株type strain真菌fungi捕食真菌predacious fungi虫道真菌ambrosia fungi地下真菌hypogeal fungi虫生真菌entomogenous fungi 菌根真菌mycorrhizal fungi 木腐菌wood-decay fungi霉菌mold, mould半知菌imperfect fungi子囊菌ascomycetes粘菌slime mold, slime mould 壶菌chytrid卵菌oomycetes接合菌zygomycetes担子菌basidiomycetes核菌pyrenomycetes盘菌cup fungi块菌truffles锈菌rust fungi蘑菇mushrooms毒蘑菇poisonous mushroom酵母菌yeast无孢子酵母菌asporogenous yeasts 有孢子酵母菌sporogenous yeasts 黑粉菌smut fungi双态性真菌dimorphic fungi毛外癣菌ectothrix毛内癣菌endothrix完全真菌perfect fungi黑粉病smut disease锈病rust disease菌丝hypha菌髓trama假菌丝体pseudomycelium气生菌丝体aerial mycelium基内菌丝体substrate mycelium球拍状菌丝体racquet mycelium结节状菌丝nodular mycelium梳状菌丝pectinafe mycelium螺旋菌丝spiral mycelium匍匐菌丝stolon次生菌丝体secondary mycelium有隔菌丝septate hypha无隔菌丝nonseptate hypha生殖菌丝体reproductive mycelium 营养菌丝体vegetative mycelium不育菌丝体sterile mycelium菌丝体mycelium黄癣菌丝favic chandelier mycelium 产囊丝ascogenous hypha 产囊体ascogonium原植体thallus粘菌体aethalium合胞体syncytium虫菌体hyphal body盾状体clypeus子实体fruiting body产孢体gleba子实层体hymenophore 子实层hymenium子实下层subhymenium 菌丝层subiculum菌丝段hyphal fragment 菌丝束coremium菌丝索funiculus菌核sclerotium器菌核pycnosclerotium 菌环annulus菌裙indusium菌盖pileus顶体apicle藏卵器oogonium雄器antheridium[锈菌]性孢子器pycnium锈子器aecium精子器spermogonium囊状体cystidium粉孢子梗oidiophore小梗sterigma接合孢子柄zygosporophore 孢囊柄sporangiophore 配囊柄suspensor孢子梗sporophore分生孢子梗conidiophore雄器柄androphore帚状枝penicillus瓶梗phialide梗基metulae芽孔germ pore芽管germ tube芽缝germ slit孢丝capillitium周丝periphysis类周丝periphysoid侧丝paraphysis拟侧丝pseudoparaphysis类侧丝paraphysoid[孢子]外壁exosporium外生菌根ectomycorrhiza内生菌根endomycorrhiza内外生菌根ectendomycorrhiza泡囊丛枝菌根vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza刺突spike弹丝elater刚毛seta微体microbody泡囊vesicle隔膜septum假隔膜pseudoseptum分生孢子盘acervulus分生孢子座sporodochium 精子团spermatium囊基膜hypothallus囊层基hypothecium囊层被epithecium囊间丝hamathecium囊托apophysis囊领collarette囊轴columella孔口ostiole菌托volva孢子角cirrus孢子球spore ball孢子印spore print聚簇cluster[菌丝]融合anastomosis [孢子]切落abjunction [孢子]缢断abstriction多态[现象] polymorphism 缢缩[作用] constriction 粉孢子oidium孢子spore厚壁孢子chlamydospore 环痕孢子annellospore节孢子arthrospore卷旋孢子helicospore腊肠形孢子allantospore孔出孢子porospore星形孢子staurospore线形孢子scolecospore砖格孢子dictyospore侧生孢子aleuriospore芽生孢子blastospore瓶梗孢子phialospore无梗孢子thallospore分生孢子conidium大分生孢子macroconidium 小分生孢子microconidium 节分生孢子arthroconidium 芽分生孢子blastoconidium 器孢子pycnidiospore无隔孢子amerospore双胞孢子didymospore多隔孢子phragmospore休眠孢子hypnospore顶生孢子acrospore顶生厚壁孢子fuseau内分生孢子endoconidium担孢子basidiospore双孢担孢子dispore同形孢子isospore柄生孢子stylospore[锈菌]性孢子pycniospore产雄器孢子androspore夏孢子urediniospore, aeciospore 冬孢子teliospore四分孢子tetraspore粘孢子myxospore多核孢子coenospore孢囊孢子sporangiospore子囊孢子ascospore多核细胞coenocyte分生孢子果conidiocarp分生孢子器pycnidium孢[子]囊sporangium柱孢子囊merosporangium四分孢子囊tetrasporangium原孢子囊prosporangium多核孢子囊coenosporangium 休眠孢子囊hypnosporangium 子囊ascus接合孢子zygospore拟接合孢子azygospore原囊壁子囊prototunicate ascus 单囊壁子囊unitunicate ascus 双囊壁子囊bitunicate ascus子囊果ascocarp子囊壳perithecium闭囊壳cleistothecium闭囊果cleistocarp盘状子囊果discocarp孢囊果sporangiocarp [接]合子zygote单性合子azygote多核合子coenozygote异形合子heterozygote合子核zygotonucleus游动合子planozygote担子basidium半担子hemibasidium隔担子heterobasidium无隔担子holobasidium有隔担子phragmobasidium 内生担子endobasidium原担子protobasidium上担子epibasidium下担子hypobasidium同担子homobasidium担子果basidiocarp担子体basidiophore配子gamete原配子progamete雄配子androgamete雄核发育androgenesis同形配子isogamete异形配子heterogamete游动配子zoogamete多核配子coenogamete配子囊gametangium配子母细胞gametocyte同形配子囊isogametangium 原配子囊progametangium 小孢子囊sporangiole微包囊microcyst足细胞foot cell脚胞foot cell固着器holdfast附着枝hyphopodium吸盘sucker锁状细胞clamp cell锁状联合clamp connection 偶核细胞zeugite卵球oosphere卵质ooplasm孢原质sporoplasm卵配子oogamete卵孢子oospore球状胞sphaerocyst子囊腔locule子囊盘apothecium子囊座ascostroma缝裂壳hysterothecium下子座hypostroma包被peridium子座stroma壳心centrum拟包被pseudoperidium无融合生殖apomixis同宗配合homothallism准性生殖parasexuality异宗配合heterothallism同配生殖isogamy异配生殖heterogamy无配生殖apogamy配囊交配gametangial copulation 交配型mating type 全型holomorph夏孢子期uredostage冬孢子堆teleutosorus, telium 夏孢子堆uredinium子囊孢子形成ascosporulation 孢子形成sporulation 细菌bacteria薄壁[细]菌类gracilicutes硬壁[细]菌类fermicutes疵壁[细]菌类mendosicutes无壁[细]菌类tenericutes柔膜细菌mollicutes真细菌eubacteria暗细菌scotobacteria无氧光细菌anoxyphotobacteria 生氧光细菌oxyphotobacteria 放线菌actinomycetes螺[旋]菌spirilla粘细菌slime bacteria。
医学常用微生物及寄生虫中英文名称翻译
医学常用微生物及寄生虫中英文名称翻译微生物和寄生虫在医学领域中发挥着重要的作用，对于医疗和研究具有重要意义。
以下是一些常见的微生物和寄生虫的中英文翻译名称：细菌（Bacteria） - 细菌是一类单细胞微生物，具有细胞壁，可以在多种环境中存活和繁殖。
常见的细菌包括：大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli），金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus），链球菌（Streptococcus）等。
病毒（Virus） - 病毒是一种非细胞性微生物，必须寄生于宿主细胞中才能繁殖。
常见的病毒包括：流感病毒（Influenza virus），艾滋病病毒（HIV），乙肝病毒（Hepatitis B virus）等。
真菌（Fungi） - 真菌是一种多细胞或单细胞微生物，可以通过孢子进行繁殖。
常见的真菌包括：白色念珠菌（Candida albicans），鹅膏菌（Aspergillus）等。
原生动物（Protozoa） - 原生动物是一类单细胞寄生虫，可以寄生于人类或动物的体内。
常见的原生动物包括：疟原虫（Plasmodium），贾第鞭毛虫（Giardia lamblia），阿米巴原虫（Entamoeba histolytica）等。
蠕虫（Helminths） - 蠕虫是一类多细胞寄生虫，分为线虫和扁虫两种，常寄生于人体的消化道或其他组织中。
常见的蠕虫包括：蛔虫（Ascaris lumbricoides），银屑病蠕虫（Schistosoma），肠吸虫（Taenia）等。
疟原虫（Plasmodium）- 疟原虫是一种原生动物，寄生于蚊子体内并通过蚊子叮咬传播给人类。
它是引起疟疾的主要病因之一。
流感病毒（Influenza virus）- 流感病毒属于病毒家族，分为甲、乙、丙三型，是引起流感的主要病原体之一。
艾滋病病毒（HIV） - 艾滋病病毒是一种病毒，感染者会患上艾滋病，该病毒攻击人体免疫系统并逐渐损坏。
医学微生物学单词英汉对照
Coccus 球菌Diplococcus 双球菌Bacillus 杆菌Spiral bacterium 螺菌Vibrio 弧菌Cell wall 细胞壁Peptidoglycan 肽聚糖Mesosome 中介体Plasmid 质粒Inclusion 内含物Metachromatic granule 异染颗粒Nuclear material 核质Nucleoid 拟核Teichoic acid 磷壁酸Lipoteichoic acid ,LTA 脂磷壁酸Outer membrane 外膜Lipopolysaccharide,LPS 脂多糖Lysozyme 溶菌酶Bactrrial L form 细菌L形Capsule 荚膜Microcapsule 微荚膜Flagellum 鞭毛Pilus(fimbria) 菌毛Common pilus 普通菌毛Sex pilus 性菌毛Fertility 致育性Spore 芽孢Gram stain 革兰染色法第二章Lag phase迟缓期Logarithmic phase 对数期Stationary phase稳定期Decline phase衰亡期pyrogen热原质pigment色素antibiotic抗生素bacteriocin 细菌素vitamin维生素第五章Fertility plasmid 致育性质粒，F质粒Transposable element 转位因子Insertion sequence IS 插入序列Transposon TN 转座子Bacteriophage phage 噬菌体Virulent phage 毒性噬菌体Temperate phage 温和噬菌体Lysogeny 溶原性Lysogenic phage 溶原性噬菌体Lysogenic bacterium 溶原性细菌Prophage 前噬菌体Fluctuation test 动试验，彷徨试验Replica planting 平板培养影印试验Conditional lethal mutation 条件致死性突变Temperature sensitive温度敏感突变株，Ts株mutantTransformation 转化Transduction 转导General transduction 普遍性转导Abortive transduction 流产转导Conjugation 接合High frequency高频重组株recombinant ,HfrLysogenic conversion 溶源性转换第八章MIC 最小抑菌浓度Vaccine 疫苗Toxiod 类毒素Antitoxin 抗毒素Antisera 抗血清Antibacterial agents 抗菌药物Antibiotics 抗生素Drug resistance 耐药性第九章Staphylococcus 葡萄球菌S.aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcal protein A葡萄球菌A蛋白,SPACoagglutination 协同凝集试验Exfoliative toxin , exfoliatin 表皮剥脱毒素Staphylococcal scalded skin葡萄球菌皮肤烫伤样综合症syndrome ,SSSSToxic shock syndrome毒性休克综合症毒素－1 toxin-1Coaggulase –negative凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌staphylococcus ,CNSStreptococcus 链球菌甲型溶血性链球菌α－hemolyticstreptococcusβ－hemolytic乙型溶血性链球菌streptococcus丙型溶血性链球菌γ－hemolyticstreptococcusstreptokinase , SK 链激酶streptodornase , SD 链道酶hyaluronidase 透明质酸酶streptolysin 链球菌溶血素streptolysin O , SLO 链球菌溶血素O streptolysin S , SLS 链球菌溶血素S pyrogenic exotoxin 致热外毒素erythrogenic toxin 红疹毒素scarlet fever toxin 猩红热毒素Antistreptolysin O test ,抗链球菌溶血素O试验ASO testpneumococcus 肺炎球菌S . Pneumococcus 肺炎链球菌Optochin test 奥普托辛试验Quellung reaction 荚膜肿胀试验Neisseria 奈瑟菌属N.meningitidis 脑膜炎奈氏菌Meningococcus 脑膜炎球菌N.gonorrhoeae 淋病奈氏菌Gonococcus 淋球菌第十章Esherichia 埃希菌属E . coli 大肠杆菌Colonization factor antigen定居因子抗原, CFAInvasin 侵袭素Uropathogenic E . coli 尿道致病性大肠杆菌Enterotoxigenic E .coli ,肠产毒性大肠埃希菌ETEC肠致病性大肠埃希菌EPECEnterohemorrhagic E . coli ,肠出血性大肠埃希菌EHECEnteroaggregative E . coli ,肠集聚性大肠埃希菌EAECHeat labile enterotoxin , LT 不耐热肠毒素Heat stable enterotoxin , ST 耐热肠毒素Enteric bacilli 肠道杆菌Enterobacteriaceae 肠杆菌科Shigella 志贺菌Salmonella 沙门菌属S . typhi 伤寒杆菌S . Virulence antigen , ViVi 抗原antigenWidal test 肥达试验第十一章Vibrio 弧菌V. cholera 霍乱弧菌Cholera enterotoxin 霍乱肠毒素V. parahemolyticus 副溶血性弧菌Kanagawa test 神奈川试验Helicobacter pylori, HP 幽门螺杆菌第十三章Anaerobic bacteria 厌氧性细菌Clostridium 厌氧芽孢梭菌属C. tetani 破伤风梭菌Tetanospasmin 破伤风痉挛毒素Tetani antitoxin , TAT 破伤风抗毒素C. perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌Nagler reaction 卵磷脂酶试验Stormy fermentation 汹涌发酵Gas gangrene 气性坏疽C. botulinum 肉毒梭菌C. difficile 艰难梭菌B. fragilis 脆弱类杆菌其它细菌Spirochete 螺旋体Treponema pallidum 梅毒螺旋体Leptospira 钩端螺旋体Rickettsia 立克次体Weil-Felix reaction 外斐反应。
医学微生物学基本词汇英汉对照表范文
单词注释单词注释a cacquired immunodificie ncy syndrome 获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病）schlamydia psittaci 鹦鹉热衣原体active immunit 自动免疫chlamydia trachomatis 沙眼衣原体acute infection 急性感染chronic infection 慢性感染acyclovir 无环鸟苷classical biotype 古典生物型adenoviridae 腺病毒科clostridium 梭状芽胞杆菌属adenovirus 腺病毒cl.botulinum 肉毒梭菌adhesin 粘附素cl.difficile 艰难梭菌adsorption 吸附cl.perfringens 产气荚膜杆菌amantadine 金刚烷胺cl.tetani 破伤风梭菌amphotericin b 二性霉素b coagulase 血浆凝固酶anaerobicbacteria厌氧菌coccidioides immitis 厌酷球孢子菌antibiotic 抗生素coccus 球菌antigenic drift 抗原性漂移colonizzation factor 定居因子antigenic shift 抗原性转变complex symmetry 复合对称antisepsis 防腐continuous cell culture 传代细胞培养antitoxicimmunity抗毒素性免疫 cord factor 索状因子antitoxin 抗毒素core 核心apparentinfection显性传染coronaviridae 冠状病毒科arenaviridae 沙粒病毒科corynebacterium 棒状杆菌属artificial activeimmunity人工自动免疫 c.diphtheriae 白喉杆菌artificialpassiveimmunity人工被动免疫 coxiella 柯克斯体属aspergillus 曲霉菌coxsackie virus 柯萨奇病毒asepsis 无菌cryptococcus neoformans 新新型隐球菌assembly 装配cubic symmetry 立体对称avp 抗病毒蛋白cytocitic infection 杀细胞感染bacillicalmette-guerin, bcg卡介苗cytomegalovirus 巨细胞病毒bacillus 杆菌cytopathogenic effect 细胞致病作用b.anthraci 炭疽杆菌c-onc 细胞原癌基因b dbacteremia 菌血症defective interfering particles 缺损干扰颗粒bacteriocin 细菌素dengue virus 登革病毒bacteriod 类杆菌dermatophytes 皮肤丝状菌b.fragilis 脆弱类杆菌diphtheria 白喉b.melaninogenicus黑色素类杆菌 diplococcus 双球菌bacteriophage 噬菌体diploid cell culture 二倍体细胞培养bacterium 细菌disinfection 消毒blastomyces dermatitidis 皮炎芽生菌enteroniavasive escherichiacol,eiec肠侵袭性大肠杆菌bordetellapertussis百日咳杆菌endogenous infection 内源性感染borrelia 疏螺旋体属el-tor biotype 埃尔托生物型b.recurrentis 回归热螺旋体 endotoxin 内毒素b.vincenti 奋森氏螺旋体enteric cytopathogenic humanorpan virus,埃可病毒b.burdorfe 莱姆病螺旋体 enterobacteriaceae 肠粘附性大肠杆菌botulism 肉毒中毒enterohemorrhagic escherichiacoli,etec肠产毒性大肠杆菌brucella 布氏杆菌属enterovirus 肠道病毒br.bovis 牛布氏杆菌envelope 囊膜br.melitensis 羊布氏杆菌enteropathoginc escherichiacoli,epec肠致病性大肠杆菌br.suis 猪布氏杆菌epidermophyton 表皮癣菌属bunyaviridae 布尼安病毒科 epstein-barr virus,eb virus eb eb病毒calmett-guerinsvaccine卡介苗escherichia 埃希氏菌属campylobacter 弯曲菌属 e.coli 大肠杆菌c.jejuni 空肠弯曲菌exogenous infection 外源性感染candidaalbicans白色念珠菌exotoxin 外毒素capsid 衣壳fimbriae 纤毛capsomere 壳微粒flagellum 鞭毛capsule 荚膜flaviviridae 黄病毒科carrier 带菌者fungus 真菌cell culture 细胞培养fusion 融合cell fusion 细胞融合ganciclovir 丙氧鸟苷cell wall 细胞壁genetic engineering 基因工程chitin 甲壳质genetic recombination 基因重组chlamydiae 衣原体growth inhibition test 生长抑制实验chlamydiapneumonia肺炎衣原体guarneiri body 顾氏小体hantaan virus 汉滩病毒horizontal tansmission 水平传播hantavirus 汉坦病毒属human immunodeficiency virus,hiv 人免疫缺陷病毒（艾滋病病毒）halophilicvibrio嗜盐弧菌hyaluronidase 透明质酸酶hbcag 乙型肝炎病毒immunofluorescence technic,ift 免疫荧光法核心抗原 hbeag 乙型肝炎病毒e 抗原inapparent imfection隐性传染 hbsag 乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原inclusion body包涵体hbv dna polymerase 乙型肝炎病毒dna 聚合酶 infectious mononucleosis传染性单核细胞增多症 heat-labiletoxin,lt 不耐热肠毒素 inferferon(ifn)干扰素 heat-stabletoxin,st耐热肠毒素 integrated infection整合传染 hela cells,hela 细胞 invasiveness 侵袭力 hemagglutinin,ha血凝集japanese encephalitis virus,jev 日本脑炎病毒hemagglutination-inhibition test血凝抑制试验 japanese b encephalitis,jbe 日本乙型脑炎hemagglutinati on phenomenon 血凝现象 klebsiella 克雷伯氏菌属 hemolysin 溶血素 k.pneumoniae 肺炎克雷伯氏菌hemlphilus 嗜血杆菌属 lactobacillus乳杆菌属 h.influenzae 流行性感冒杆菌latent infection潜伏感染hemorrhagicfever with renal syndrome 肾综合征合征出血热ld50半数致死量helicalsymmetry螺旋对称legionella 军团菌属 hepadnaviridae 嗜肝病毒科 legionnaires disease 军团菌病 hepatitis avirus,hav 甲型肝炎病毒 lentivirinae慢病毒科 hepatitis bvirus,hbv乙型肝炎病毒 leptospira钩端螺旋体属 hepatitis virus 肝炎病毒 local infection 局部感染 herpes simplexvirus单纯疱疹病毒 lipopolysaccharide,lps脂多糖 varicella-zostervirus带状疱疹病毒 lysogenic bacteria溶原性细菌 herpetoviridae 疱疹病毒科 lysogeny 溶原状态 human herps virus type 6、7 人疱疹病毒6、7型lysogenic phage溶原性噬菌体 histoplasma capsulatum 荚膜组织胞浆菌lyssavirus狂犬病毒科measles virus 麻疹病毒papovaviridae 乳多空病毒科mesosome 中介体parainfluenza virus 副流感病毒metabolicinhibition test代谢抑制试验 parmyxoviridae 副粘病毒科metachromaticgranules异染颗粒paramyxovirus 副粘病毒microbiology 微生物学parvoviridae 微小病毒科microcapsule 微荚膜parvavirus 微小病毒mcrococcustetragenus四联球菌penicillium 青霉菌micrometer,micron(u=um)微米penetration 穿入microorganism 微生物peplomer 囊微粒mold 霉菌persistent infection 持续性感染moniliaalbicans白色念珠菌pesticine-1 鼠疫杆菌杀菌素mucor 毛霉菌picornaviridae 小核糖核酸病毒科mumps virus 腮腺炎病毒pilus(或fimbrae) 菌毛mutation 突变plague 鼠疫mycelium 菌丝体plaque forming unit,pfu 空斑形成单位mycobacterium 分枝杆菌属plasmid 质粒m.tuberculosis 结核分枝杆菌 plasmin 胞浆素mycolic acid 分枝菌酸poliovirus 脊髓灰质炎病毒mycoplasma 支原体属polykaryocyte 多核巨细胞mycostatin 制霉菌素poly i:c,polyinosinic:cytrdyeic acid 多聚肌苷酸：胞苷酸mycotoxicosis 真菌毒素中毒症poxviridae 痘病毒科mycrosporum 小孢子癣菌属 poxvirus 痘病毒nairovirus 内罗病毒属pre-s antigen 前s抗原negri body 内基氏小体primary cell culture 原代细胞培养neisseria 奈瑟氏菌属prickle cell 棘细胞n.gonorrhoeae 淋病奈瑟氏力 prion 蛋白侵染因子n.meningitidis 脑膜炎奈瑟氏菌β-propialactone β-丙内脂newenterovirus新型肠道病毒 prophage 前噬菌体normal flora 正常菌群proteus 变形杆菌nuclearmaterial核质protoplast 原生质体nucleocapsid 核衣壳provirus 前病毒oldtuberculin,ot旧结核菌素pseudomonas 假单胞菌属oncornavirusrna肿瘤病毒p.aeruginosa 绿脓杆菌orthomyxoviridae正粘病毒科purified protein derivative,ppd 纯化蛋白衍生物orthomyxovirus正粘病毒pyosepticemia 脓毒血症humanpapilloma virus乳头瘤病毒pyrogen 热原质rabies virus 狂犬病病毒sh.boydii 鲍氏志贺氏菌receptorbinding protein受体连接蛋白 sh.dysenteriae 痢疾志贺氏菌release 释放sh.flexneri 福氏志贺氏菌reoviridae 呼肠孤病毒科 sh.sonnei 宋内氏志贺氏菌replication 复制slow infection 慢发性感染resistancefactor耐药因子spheroplast 原生质球resistance transfer factor,ptf 耐药性传递因子spike 刺突respiratorysyncytialvirus,rs virus呼吸道病毒spirillum 螺菌respiratoryviruses逆转录病毒科 spore 芽胞，孢子retroviridae 逆转录病毒staphylococcus 葡萄球菌retrovirus 逆转录酶stap.aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌reversetranscriptase弹状病毒科stap.epidermidis 表皮葡萄球菌rhabdoviridae 病毒唑stap.protein a,spa 葡萄球菌a蛋白ribavirin(virozol)rna病毒sterdy state infection 稳定感染rickettsia 立克次氏体属 sterillization 灭菌rifampin 利福平streptococcus 链球菌属ringworm fungi 癣菌strep.anhemolyticus 非溶血性链球菌rochalimaea 罗沙利马体属 strep.hemolyticus 溶血性链球菌（乙型链球菌）rotavirus 轮状病毒strp.pneumonia 肺炎链球菌russianspring-summer encephalitis virus 苏联春夏季脑炎病毒strep.viridans 草绿色链球菌（甲型链球菌）sabourauds medium 沙保氏培养培养基streptodornase 链道酶salmonella 沙门氏菌属streptokinase 链激酶s.choleraesuis 猪霍乱沙氏菌 subclinical infection 亚临床感染s.typhi 伤寒沙门氏菌 subunit vaccine 亚单位疫苗s.paratyphi 副伤寒沙门氏subacute sclerosing panencephalitis 亚急性硬化性全脑炎菌sspes.typhimurium 鼠伤寒沙门氏菌subvirus 亚病毒sarcina 八迭球菌syncytium 合胞体shigella 志贺菌属syphilis 梅毒tcid50 50% 组织细胞感染量systemic infection 全身感染teichoic acid 磷壁酸vertical transmission 垂直传播temperatephage温和噬菌体vibrio 弧菌属temperature-sensitive conditional mutant,ts 温度敏感突变株v.cholerae 霍乱弧菌thymidinekinase胸腺核苷激酶 veillenella 韦荣氏球菌属togaviridae 披膜病毒科virino 朊病毒toxemia 毒血症virion 病毒体toxin 类毒素viroid 类病毒toxoid 密螺旋体属virulence 毒力treponema 梅毒螺旋体virulent phage 毒性噬菌体t.pallidum 雅司螺旋体virus 病毒t.pertenue 毛癣菌属virusoid 拟病毒trichophyton 毛癣菌素v—onc 病毒癌基因trichophytin 脱壳widal test 肥达氏试验uncoating 脲原体属yersinia 耶尔森氏菌属ureaplasma 脲原体属y.pestis 鼠疫杆菌vaccine 疫苗y.pseudotuberculosis 假结核杆菌。
医学微生物学英文
A* Absorption 吸附* Acid-fast bacilli 抗酸杆菌* Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome，AIDS 获得性免疫缺陷综合征* Actinomyces 放线菌属* Adenovirus 腺病毒* Anaerobic bacteria 厌氧性细菌* Antisepsis 防腐* Antistreptolysin O (ASO) test, 抗链球菌溶素O试验* Apparent infection 显性感染* Artificial active immunization 人工主动免疫* Artificial passive immunization 人工被动免疫* Asepsis 无菌* Assembly and release 装备与释放* Astrovirus 星状病毒* Attenuated vaccine 减毒疫苗B* Bacillus 杆菌、芽胞杆菌属* Bacillus anthracis 炭疽芽胞杆菌* Bacteremia 菌血症* Bacterial L form 细菌L型* Bacteriocin 细菌素* Bacteriophage 噬菌体* Bacterium 细菌* Bacteriodes fragilis 脆弱类杆菌* Binary fission 二分裂* Bioproduct 生物制品* Biosynthesis 生物合成* Biovar trachoma 沙眼生物亚种* Borrelia burgdoyferi 伯氏疏螺旋体* Botulin 肉毒毒素* Bordetella pertussis 百日咳鲍特菌* Brucella 布鲁菌属C* Candida albicans 白假丝酵母菌* Calicivirus 杯状病毒* Capsid 衣壳* Capsule 荚膜* Carrier 带菌者* Carrier state 带菌状态* C.botulinum 肉毒梭菌* Chlamydia 衣原体—* Chronic infection 慢性感染* Classical biotype 古典生物型* Clostridium 梭菌属* Coagulase 凝固酶* Coccus 球菌* Colony 菌落* Conditional pathogen 条件致病菌* Conjugation 接合* Corynebacterium diphtheriae 白喉棒状杆菌* Coxsackievirus 柯萨奇病毒* Coxiella burnetii 贝纳柯克斯体* C.perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌* C.pneumoniae 肺炎衣原体* Cryptococcus neoformans 新生隐球菌* C.tetani 破伤风梭菌* C.trachomatis 沙眼衣原体* Culture medium 培养基* Cytomegalovirus,CMV 巨细胞病毒* Cytopathic effect,CPE 细胞病变效应D* Darkfeild microscope 暗视野显微镜* Defective virus 缺陷病毒* Dengue virus 登革病毒* Dermatophytes 皮肤癣菌* Diplococcus 双球菌* Disinfectant 消毒剂* Disinfection 消毒* Dysbacteriosis 菌群失调* Dysentery bacterium 痢疾杆菌E* Eclipse period 隐蔽期* Ehrlichia 埃立克体属* El tor biotype Eltor 生物型* Encephalitis B virus 乙型脑炎病毒* Endogenous infection 内源性感染* Endotoxemia 内毒素血症* Endotoxin 内毒素* ECHO , Enteric cytopathogenic human orphan virus ECHO病毒* EAggEC, Enteroaggregative E.coli 肠凝集性大肠埃希菌* EHEC, Enterohemorrhagic E.coli 肠出血性大肠埃希菌* EIEC, Enteroinvasive E.coli 肠侵袭性大肠埃希菌* EPEC, Enteropathogenic E.coli 肠致病性大肠埃希菌* ETEC, Enterotoxigenic E.coli 肠产毒性大肠埃希菌* Enterotoxin 肠毒素* Enterovirus 肠道病毒* Envelope 包膜* Epstein-Barr virus，EBV EB病毒* Escherichia coli 大肠埃希菌* Exogenous infection 外源性感染* Exotoxin 外毒素* Extracellular bacteria 胞外菌F* Facultative anaerobe 兼性厌氧菌* Fertility factor,F factor 致育因子* Filtration 滤过除菌法* Fimbriae 菌毛* Flagellum 鞭毛* Fungus 真菌G* Generalized infection 全身感染* Gene transfer 基因转移* Genus 菌属* Gonococcus 淋球菌* Gram stain 革兰染色* Growth curve 生长曲线* Growth factor 生长因子H* Haemophilus influenzae 流感嗜血杆菌* Hantavirus 汉坦病毒* Helicobacter pylori 幽门螺杆菌* Helical symmetry 螺旋对称* Hemagglutinin ，HA 血凝素* α-hemolytic streptococcus 甲型（α）溶血链球菌* β-hemolytic steptococcus 乙性（β）溶血性链菌* HAV, Hepatitis A virus 甲型肝炎病毒* HBV, Hepatitis B virus 乙型肝炎病毒* HCV, Hepatitis C virus 丙型肝炎病毒* HDV, Hepatitis D virus 丁型肝炎病毒* HEV, hepatitis E virus 戊型肝炎病毒* HGV, hepatitis G virus 庚型肝炎病毒* Horizontal transmission 水平传播* Herpes simplex virus，HSV 单纯疱疹病毒* Human herpes viruses,HHV 人疱疹病毒* Human immunodeficiency viru ,HIV 人类免疫缺陷病毒* Human papillomavirus，HPV 人乳头瘤病毒属* Hyaluronidase 透明质酸酶* Hypha 菌丝I* Icosahedral symmetry 二十面体对称* Inactivated vaccine 灭活疫苗* Inactivation 灭活* Inapparent infection 隐性感染* Inclusion bodies 包涵体* Infection immunity 传染免疫* Influenza virus 流行性感冒病毒* Innate immunity 天然免疫* Integration 整合* Interferon 干扰素* Invasiveness 侵袭L* Latent infection 潜伏感染* Legionella 军团菌属* Leptospira 钩端螺旋体* Lipid A 脂质A* Lipopolysaccharide, LPS 脂多糖* Lyme disease 莱姆病* Lysogenic phage 溶原性噬菌体* Lysogenic bacterium 溶原性细菌* Lysogenic conversion 溶原性转换* Lysozyme 溶菌酶M* Measles virus 麻疹病毒* Medical microbiology 医学微生物学* Medical virology 医学病毒学* Meningococcus 脑膜炎球菌* Metachromatic granule 异染颗粒* Microaerophilic bacterium 微需氧菌* Microbiology 微生物学* Microorganism 微生物* M.leprae 麻风分枝杆菌* Mold 霉菌* M. Pneumoniae 肺炎支原体* M.tuberculosis 结核分枝杆菌* Mumps virus 腮腺炎病毒—* Mycelium 菌丝体* Mycobacterium 分枝杆菌* Mycoplasma 支原体N* Negri body 内基小体* Negative staining 负染* Neisseria 奈瑟菌属* Neuraminidase, NA 神经氨酸酶* N.gonorrhoeae 淋病奈瑟菌* N.meningitidis 膜炎奈瑟菌* Nonpathogenic bacterium,nonpathogen 非病原菌* Nonspecific immunity 非特异性免疫* Normal flora 正常菌群* Nosocomial infction 医院内感染* Nuclear material 核质* Nuclocapsid 核衣壳O* Obligate aerobe 专性需氧菌* Obligate anaerobe 专性厌氧菌* Opportunistic pathogenesis 机会致病性* Orthomyxoviridae 正粘病毒科* Outer membrane protein,OMP 外膜蛋白P* Parvovirus 细小病毒* Pasteurization 巴氏消毒法* Pathogenic bacterium,pathogen 病原菌* Pathogenicity 致病性* Peptostreptococcus 消化链球菌属* Peptidoglycan 肽聚糖* Persistent viral infection 持续性病毒感染* Phagocytosis 吞噬作用* Picornaviridae 小RNA病毒科* Pilus 菌毛* Pinocytosis 吞饮作用* Plasmid 质粒* Pneumocystis carinii 卡氏肺孢菌* Pneumococcus 肺炎球菌* Poliovirus 脊髓灰质炎病毒* Prion ( prion protine,PrP ) 朊粒* Prokaryotae 原核生物界* Prophage 前噬菌体—* Pyemia 脓毒血症* Pyogenic coccus 化脓性球菌*Pyrogen 热原质R* Rabies virus 狂犬病病毒* Respiratory syscytial virus, RSV 呼吸道合胞病毒* Retroviridae 逆转录病毒科* Rickettsia 立克次体* Rotavirus 轮状病毒* Rubella virus 风疹病毒S* Salmonella 沙门菌属* S.boydii 鲍氏志贺菌* S.dysenteriae 痢疾志贺菌* Septicemia 败血症* Serological diagnosis 血清学诊断* S.flexneri 福氏志贺菌* Shigella 志贺菌属* Slow virus infection 慢发病毒感染* S.paratyphi A 甲型副伤寒沙门菌* Specific polysaccharide 特异多糖* Spike 刺突* Spiral bacterium 螺形菌* Spirochete 螺旋体* S.pneumoniae 肺炎链球菌* Spore 芽胞*S.sonnei 宋内氏志贺菌* Staphylococcus 葡萄球菌属* Sterilization 灭菌* Stormy fermentation 汹涌发酵* Strain 菌株* Streptococcus 链球菌属* γ-streptococcus 丙型（γ）链球菌* StreptolysinO, SLO 链球菌溶素O* S.typhi 伤寒沙门菌* Subclinical infection 亚临床感染* Subvirus 亚病毒* Sulfur granule 硫磺样颗粒T* Teichoic acid 磷壁酸* Temperate phage 温和噬菌体—* Tetanospasmin 破伤风痉挛毒素* Tetanus antitoxin,TAT 破伤风抗毒素* Titer 效价或滴度* Toxemia 毒血症* Toxin 毒素* Toxoid 类毒素* Treponema pallidium 苍白密螺旋体* Transduction 转导* Transformation 转化* Type 型* Typhoid fever,or enteric fever 肠热症U* Uncoating 脱壳* Ureaplasma.Urealyticum 溶脲脲原体V* Vaccine 疫苗* Varicella-zoster virus VZV 水痘-带状疱疹病毒* Vertical transmission 垂直传播* Vibrio cholerae 霍乱弧菌* Virion 病毒体* Virology 病毒学* Virulence 毒力* Virulent phage 毒性噬菌体* Virus 病毒* V.parahemolyticus 副溶血性弧菌W* Weil-Felix reaction 外斐反应* Widal reaction 肥达反应Y* Yersina 耶尔森菌Z* Zoonosis 动物源性疾病。
医学微生物学词汇中英对照
医学微生物学词汇中英对照医学微生物学是微生物学的一个分支，亦是医学的一门基础学科。
接下来为大家整理了医学微生物学词汇中英对照，希望对你有帮助哦!spike 刺突，锋电位spirochete 螺旋体spore，endospore 芽胞sterilization 灭菌、消毒、绝育subclinical infection 亚临床感染superinfection 重叠感染teichoic acid 胞壁酸adenovirus 腺病毒adsorption 吸附aerobe 需氧菌aflatoxin 黄曲霉毒素airborne transmission 空气传播amantadine 金刚烷胺anaerobe 厌氧菌anthrax 炭疽antigenic drift 抗原漂移，抗原转变asepsis 无菌assembly 组装attenuated live vaccine 减毒活疫苗autoclaving 高压蒸汽灭菌法bacteremia 菌血症binary fission 二分裂法blood agar (plate) 血琼脂(平皿) Bordetella pertussis 百日咳杆菌budding 出芽Campylobacter jejuni 空肠弯曲菌? Candida albicans 白色念珠菌? capsid 衣壳?capsule 荚膜，被膜，囊胞? darkfield microscope 暗视野显微镜? defective virus 缺陷病毒? Dengue virus 登革病毒? differential medium 鉴别培养基? disinfection 消毒dot blot 斑点分子杂交法?droplet transmission 飞沫传播? drug resistance 耐药性?eclipse period 隐蔽期?endotoxin 内毒素?enterotoxin 肠毒素?enterovirus 肠道病毒?envelope 包膜?epidemic hemorrhagic fever 流行性出血热etiology 病原学?exotoxin 外毒素?facultative anaerobe 兼性厌氧菌? flagellum，flagella 鞭毛?flora disequilibrium 菌群失调?fungus，fungi 真菌?fusion 融合?generalized transduction 普遍性转导? genome mutation 基因组突变?genome variation 基因组变异? gonorrhea 淋病?Gram staining 革兰染色法?Seoul virus 汉城型病毒hepadnaviridae 嗜肝DNA病毒科? heparnavirus 嗜肝RNA病毒属? horizontal transmission 水平传播? hyaluronidase (spreading factor) 透明质酸酶inactivated vaccine 灭活疫苗?inapparent infection 非显性感染?indole test 吲哚试验?influenza A virus 甲型流感病毒?integration 整合，整体性?legionella pneumophilia 嗜肺军团菌?lysogenic conversion 溶原转换?lysozyme 溶菌酶measles virus 麻疹病毒mesosome 中介体methyl red (MR) test 甲基红试验MMR vaccine (measles，mumps，rubella) 麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹三联疫苗mumps virus 腮腺炎病毒Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Tubercle bacillus，TB) 结核杆菌mycosis 真菌病naked virus 裸病毒Negri body 内基小体normal flora 正常菌群，正常菌丛Northern blot RNA分子杂交印迹法nosocomial disease 医源性疾病nucleocapsid 核衣壳obligate anaerobe 专性厌氧菌orthomyxovirus 正粘病毒paramyxovirus 副粘病毒penetration 穿入peptidoglycan 肽聚糖persistent infection 持续性感染picornavirus 小RNA病毒plasmid 质粒poliovirus，polio 脊髓灰质炎病毒Pseudomonas aeruginosa 绿脓杆菌pyemia 脓血症、脓毒症pyrogen 致热源rabies virus 狂犬病病毒recombination 重组合，基因重组release 释放retrovirus 逆转录病毒reverse transcriptase 逆转录酶Salmonella typhi 伤寒沙门菌scarlet fever 猩红热septicemia 败血症Shigella 志贺菌属Southern blot Southern印迹temperate (lysogenic) phage 温和噬菌体，溶原噬菌体。
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Edward Jenner
• Inoculated cowpox exudates to healthy people • Stimulating immune system to produce
protective antibodies • Protect people from small pox infection • A milestone for the advance of both
Kircher (1659) reported finding minute worms in the blood of plague
victims.
Experimental stage
Robert Hooke Leeuwenhoek Jenner Pasteur Koch Lister Dmitri Ivanovsky Alexander Fleming
microbiology and immunology • is known as the ‘Father of Immunology’
Louis Pasteur
• was born in 1822 • originally trained as a chemist • His discoveries revolutionized medical
Roger Bacon (13th century) postulated that invisible living creatures
produced disease.
Fracastorius (1546) concluded that communicable diseases were
caused by living agents (germs) ‘seminaria’ or ‘seeds’.
• First one who discovered fungus • Inspired Antony van Leeuwenhoek
Antony van Leeuwenhoek
• A draper in Delft Holland with a hobby of grinding lenses
• In 1674, invented the first microscope, discovered microbes
Early microscope used by Robert Hooke in 1664 & the mold drawn by him
Robert Hooke (1635–1703)
• An English mathematician and natural historian, was also an excellent microscopist
4. Developed sterilization techniques and developed the steam sterilizer, hot-air oven and autoclave in the course of these studies.
5. Developed methods and techniques for cultivation of microorganisms.
2. Proposed germ theory of disease: He established that putrefaction and fermentation was the result of microbial activity
3. Disapproved theory of spontaneous generation: Some people believed that microbes arose by spontaneous generation from dead organic materials and environment. He disapproved by a series of classic experiments in the swan-necked flasks, demonstrating microbes arose only from their like and not de novo.
The spread of disease was caused by contact, direct or indirect.
Varro & Columella (1st-2nd century BC) recordeБайду номын сангаас the principle of
contagion by invisible creatures. They postulated that diseases were caused by invisible beings (Animalia minuta), inhaled or ingested.
• He recognized them as living creatures (animalcules)
• In 1683, he communicated his findings to the Royal Society of London
• A milestone in history of microbiology
Chapter 1 Introduction
History of Microbiology
Experiential stage Experimental stage Modern microbiological stage
Experiential stage
Concept of contagion:
practice • is known as ‘Father of Microbiology’
Contributions of Louis Pasteur
1. Coined the term ‘Microbiology’: For the study of living organnisms of microscopic size