虚拟语气讲解2
英语四六级虚拟语气讲解(语法及例题)第二部分
英语四六级虚拟语气讲解（语法及例题）第二部分主语从句中的虚拟语气一、“It is (was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that……”结构中的虚拟语气在形如“It is (was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that……”结构中，使用某些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令、可能、适当、较好、迫切、紧近、重要等形容词后的主语从句的谓语也用虚拟语气。
其表达形式为should +动词原形或省略should直接用动词原形(美国英语中省去should) 常用的形容词：* natural (自然的), appropriate (适当的),advisable (合适的), preferable (更可取的), better (更好的)* necessary (必须的), important (重要的), imperative (急需的), urgent (急迫的), essential (本质的), vital (必不可少的)* probable (很可能的), possible (可能的)* desirable (极好的)advisable(合理的)，compulsory(必须的)，crucial(紧急的)，desirable(理想的)，essential(必要的)，imperative(迫切的)，incredible(惊人的)，necessary(必要的)，possible(可能的)，strange(奇怪的)，urgent(紧迫的)。
常用的过去分词(Past Participle):* required (需要的), demanded (要求), requested (被请求的), desired (要求)* suggested (建议), recommended (推荐)* orderd (命令)1. It is necessary that we (should 可省略,下同)have a walk now.(necessary, should + have) (表示有需要去散步)2.It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.(necessary, should + make) (表示有必要事先做好准备)3. It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.(required, should + smoke) (表示要求不要在此抽烟)4. It is important that every pupil (should) be able to understand therule of school.(important, should + be) (表示重要的是学生都能了解校规)5. It's important that we (should) take good care of the patient.(important, should +take) (表示重要的是照顾好病人)6. It is natural that she should do so. (形容词natural, should+动词原形do)7.It is essential that these application forms be sent back as early as possible.这些申请表应尽早地寄回，这是很重要的。
德语虚拟语气讲解(第二虚拟式)
知识点一：德语语法中最容易迷惑人的大概就是虚拟式了。
为了帮助大家更好的理解虚拟语气，我们讲分成两部分讲解虚拟式。
虚拟式分为第一虚拟式和第二虚拟式。
由于平常第二虚拟式用得较频繁，且常用第二虚拟式代替第一虚拟式，我们先来谈一谈第二虚拟式到底是何方神圣？到底要怎么用？一，虚拟式构成形式及与一般式对比对比直陈式：如大家所见，第二虚拟式只有两个时态：现在时，过去式。
直陈式过去时有三种时态，而第二虚拟式只有一种。
二，时态•现在时：①弱变化动词弱变化动词的第二虚拟式形式上比较容易掌握的，与直陈式过去时相似：②强变化动词动词变化基本形式是动词过去时词根加上一下词尾：③如：④强变化动词词干元音为 a, o, u 时，须变为 ä，ö，ü：⑤助动词haben, sein, werden 第二虚拟式⑥⑦情态动词第二虚拟式⑧特例：一些强变化动词和混合变化动词在构成第二虚拟式时元音和直陈式过去时元音不一样，如：但是这种形式现在用的比较少，常使用Würden+不定式。
⑨特例：混合动词 senden 和 wenden 在第二虚拟式中一般用弱变化形式，如：⑩•过去时：第二虚拟式过去时结构如下：助动词haben/sein第二虚拟式形式+过去分词需要注意的是：•所有表示过去的直陈式形式改为虚拟式时，都用这种形式。
•sein第二人称形式du wär e st 中间的e可以省略，即du wärst.三，被动态四，第二虚拟式的代替形式 würde + 不定式•口语中，大部分动词的第二虚拟式由würden+不定式的形式来代替，如Ich würde dich gern einladen.•haben和sein的第二虚拟式形式很少用würde 形式来代替，情态动词几乎不用该形式代替。
•但是，要避免住从句中都用würden形式。
Wenn ich dort eine Arbeit finden würde, würde ich an der See bleiben.(X)五，第二虚拟式的用法第二虚拟式主要表示一种非现实的情况。
高中英语2025届高考语法复习虚拟语气知识讲解
高考英语语法复习虚拟语气知识讲解一、基础知识（一）什么是虚拟语气谓语动词的作用不仅可以表示动作的时间、状态、假设（情感），也是一种语气（mood)的表现形式，表明说话的目的和意图。
（语气包含陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气）虚拟语气用于表示假设、愿望、建议、命令等非真实或虚拟的情况，即与真实相反。
上学的时候老师经常举的一个例子，"If I were you"因为我不可能是你，这是一种不可能存在的事实，所以这是个虚拟语句。
总而言之英语中的虚拟语气可以分为两大体系：一是表示与事实相反的，或者是假象的情形，通常由if引导，叫做虚拟条件句；另一个体系是在名词从句中使用虚拟语气，表示建议，命令或者要求等语气，类似于上述美剧常用的台词。
（二）虚拟语气的用法这一部分我们主要用虚拟语气在条件句中的用法作为讲解与现在事实相反：If I had a map, I would lend it to you.如果我有地图我就借给你。
（但我没有）与将来事实相反：If I were to do the job, I would do it in a different way. 要是我来做这工作，我会是另一种做法。
（言外之意不是我做这个工作，用虚拟表达是我做这份工作的可能性很低）与过去事实相反：If anything had happened, he would have let us know.如果发生了什么情况，他早就通知我们了。
（所以没事发生）它们的共性都是表示与事实相反或者实现可能性不大3.特殊情况①在极少情况下，从句的谓语动词用原形，主句的谓语动词可用陈述语气（比较官方，正式，大气的说法，口语很少使用）If that be the official view, it cannot be accepted.如果这是官方的看法，这是不能接受的。
②if可以省略，但是语序要改为倒装Were I Tom I would refuse.如果我是汤姆我会拒绝。
虚拟语气讲解与练习(可用)
虚拟语气一、虚拟语气的作用：1、表示与事实相反的或难以实现的情况2、表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感。
虚拟语气的用法：用在简单句、主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和状语从句中。
二、虚拟语气用在简单句中,表示祝愿,命令.May you be happy. May you have a good time.May the friendship between us last long. Have a good journey!三、虚拟语气用在主语从句中的用法(1) 表情绪观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.necessary. important. impossible. natural. strange. surprising. funny. right. wrong. better. a pity等。
It is.....that 结构后的主语从句中的谓语动词都要用 should+原型或只用动词原型。
It's natural that he should feel hurt.(2) It is time (about time / high time) that... + (过去时或should + 动词原形)...。
It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home.(3) It be + 过去分词＋that... (should)。
该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等词的过去分词：desired, suggested, advised, demanded, requested, ordered, proposed, insisted等。
与以上词语有关的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句都需要用虚拟语气。
It is desired that the building of the house be completed next month.四、虚拟语气用在宾语从句中的用法1、在wish后的用法a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式 I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。
虚拟语气的用法讲解
第一部分：语气的定义和种类1 语气(mood)语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2 语气的种类⑴、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
如：①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。
②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！⑵、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。
如：①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。
②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。
⑶、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
如：①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。
③May you succeed!祝您成功！虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。
让我们就从最简单的开始吧。
第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。
如：⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。
二、表祝愿。
1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。
⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运！⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐！⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。
英语重点语法讲解——虚拟语气(二)
英语重点语法讲解——虚拟语气（二）继续看以下虚拟语气讲解……16.3 混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。
If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。
）If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).16.4 虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should 或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。
Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us.Had you come earlier, you would have met him=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.Should it rain, the crops would be saved.=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was，即在从句中be 用were代替。
If I were you, I would go to look for him.如果我是你，就会去找他。
If he were here, everything would be all right.如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。
典型例题_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were IB. I wereC. Were ID. Was I答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成were, should, had +主语的形式。
虚拟语气用法讲解
虚拟语气用法讲解1.虚拟语气一定是跟过去相关的时态。
换言之，在虚拟语气中不可能出现跟现在或者是过去相关的时态。
2.虚拟语气表示的是不可能实现的情况。
表示的是说话人一种主观愿望和想法。
3.分类讨论：（2）如果我是你的话，我就会抓住这个机会（2）如果我努力工作的话，我就通过那次考试了。
（3）如果明天下雨的话，我们就取消我们的宴会。
二．虚拟语气在条件状语从句当中的特殊用法：(一)、虚拟语气的倒装( were, had, should)(1)If you were a doctor, you would save a lot of people in the battlefield.——Were you a doctor, you would save a lot of people in the battlefield.(2)If I had had enough money, I would have donated more to the people in Sichuan. ——Had I had enough money, I would have donated more to the people in Sichuan.(3)If it should rain , we would not go to the tai mountain tomorrow.——Should it rain, we would not go to the tai mountain tomorrow.即时练习：1.Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.A. areB. wereC. would beD. would have been2._____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.A. Will there beB. Should there beC. There will beD. There should be3._____ today, he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leaveB. Was he leavingC. Were he to leaveD. If he leave4. Should it rain, the crops _____ .A. would be savedB. would have been savedC. will be savedD. had been saved（二）、错综时间条件句如果条件状语从句和主句所指代时间不一致，那么需要分开对待。
虚拟语气的用法归纳讲解
虚拟语气包含两种：一种指与事实相反或不可能发生。
“虚拟条件句+虚拟主句”的结构都属于这一类。
另一种指与事实实际是否发生没有直接关系。
虚拟语气有哪些用法1.虚拟条件句的三种基本类型：与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反。
2.与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式，主句谓语用should（would,could,might）+动词原形。
3.与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时（had+过去分词），主句谓语用should （would,could,might）+have+过去分词。
4.与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用should （would,could,might）+动词原形。
虚拟语气语法知识英语中的各种语气：1，陈述语气：I like apples 我喜欢苹果。
（肯定）I don't like apples我不喜欢苹果（否定）2，疑问语气：What's your name？你叫什么名字？Do you like apples?你喜欢苹果？3，祈使语气：Open the door 打开门3，虚拟语气：If I were you, I would forgive her如果我是你，我将会原谅她。
虚拟语气结构讲解：1，与现在的事实相反：从句用过去式，主句用would/could/might/should/+动词原形例如；If I had time ，the classroom would be so clean 如果我有时间，教室将会更加干净。
2，与过去的事实相反：主句用would/could/should/might/+have+ done , 从句中过去完成时例如；If I had finished my homework ，I would have passed that test如果当时我完成了我的做，我就能够通过我的考试了。
虚拟语气讲解以及练习
虚拟语气的用法一、非真实条件句1. 虚拟语气可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况，时态的基本特点是时态往后推移有时，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这种条件句叫做混合条件句If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 如果你昨天问过他，今天就知道做什么了。
（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。
）1. If it had rained last night（过去）, it would be very cold today （现在）.如果昨晚下过雨，今天就会很冷了。
2. If you’d listened to me , you wouldn’t be in such trouble now . 如果你听了我的话，你现在也不会这样麻烦了3. If it hadn’t been for her care , I should not be speaking to you now. 要不是她照顾我，我也不会在这里和你讲话4. If the doctor had come in time , Amy would still be alive . 如果医生及时赶到，AMY现在还活着。
三、含蓄条件句：含蓄条件句是指非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来,只暗含在上下文中。
常见的表达方式有:1. 介词及介词短语 but for, without , with ,等But for his pension , he would starve .要不是有养老金，他都要饿死了Without your help , I couldn’t have achieved all this . 要不是有你帮助我不会取得这些成就With his aid , you would succeed . 如果有了他的帮助，你就会成功。
虚拟语气用法
虚拟语气用法虚拟语气，又称“虚拟假设语气”，是指说话者或写作者在表达某种情况时，通过使用特定的语法形式来表示这种情况实际上并不存在或者与事实相反。
虚拟语气在英语中非常常见，它可以用来表达假设、愿望、建议、命令、推测等多种语境。
本文将介绍虚拟语气的各种用法及例句。
一、假设与现实相反的情况虚拟语气常用于表示与现实相反的情况或假设。
在这种情况下，谓语动词常以“would/could/should + 动词原形”或“were + 主语”等形式出现。
1. 虚拟语气用于假设：If I were rich, I would travel around the world.如果我有钱，我会环游世界。
If she had studied harder, she could have passed the exam.如果她学得更努力，她本来可以通过考试的。
2. 虚拟语气用于愿望：I wish I were taller.我希望我更高一些。
I wish you wouldn't be late for the meeting.我希望你不要迟到开会。
3. 虚拟语气用于建议：I suggest that he should see a doctor.我建议他去看医生。
It is recommended that every student study English.建议每个学生都学习英语。
二、与过去事实相反的情况虚拟语气还常用于表示与过去事实相反的情况。
在这种情况下，主要使用“had + 过去分词”形式或其他相应的虚拟语气结构。
1. 虚拟语气用于与过去事实相反的条件：If he had arrived earlier, he would have caught the train.如果他早点到，他就能赶上火车了。
If I had known you were coming, I would have prepared dinner.如果我知道你要来，我就会准备晚餐了。
虚拟语气语法专项讲解
虚拟语气一、考点聚焦1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中（1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be动词的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。
如：If I were a boy, I would join the army.If the had time, she should go with you.（2）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。
如：If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.（3）表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/could might + 动词原形。
如；If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.（4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。
如：If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：有时候在使用时可省略if,句子则可换成下列形式，即“were / had / should +主语”。
如：Were I a boy, I would join the army.Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.2、①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。
虚拟语气讲解(整理)
（3）虚拟语气在 在主语从句中
A.在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词 用： should + 动词原形
1. 我们有必要出去散散步。 It’s necessary that we should have a walk now.
2.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。 insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc.
We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.
7. It is of the utmost importance that you ______ here on time. a. be b. shall be c. are to be d. must be
三、虚拟语气在其他从句中
1. It is (high / about ) time that…从句中的谓 语动词用过去式或should＋动词原形，should 不能省略． It is high time that you went / should go to school.
I would rather you told me the truth. I would rather you had gone there last Sunday.
4. as if ( as though) 看起来 常用虚拟形式，即 表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反 用过去完成式 (had done).
虚拟语气讲解和练习(附答案)
虚拟语气讲解和练习（附答案）概念理解一、动词的语气语气用来区别讲话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
英语中的语气(mood)1.陈述语气Where there is a will, there's a way. 有志者事竟成。
Can you help me carry the box upstairs 你能帮我把箱子搬到楼上吗？How I missed the life in the countryside! 我多么想念乡村的生活啊！2.祈使语气Come this way, please! 请这边走。
Don't make any noise, will you 别吵，行吗？Do be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时一定要小心。
3.虚拟语气If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
I wish it were spring all the year round. 但愿四季如春。
May good luck be yours! 祝你好运！知识清单清单一、条件句中的虚拟语气A．真实条件句If he doesn't come at 8, we won't wait for him. 如果他八点不来，我们就不等他了。
If a flood happened in the past, there was usually a great loss of life and property. 过去发生洪水的话，常有很大的生命和财产损失。
We shall go there unless it rains tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨，我们将去那里。
I'll let you use my bike on condition that you keep it clean. 如果你能保持车子干净，我就让你用我的自行车。
高中虚拟语气讲解
高中虚拟语气讲解虚拟语气虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。
一．虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时（虚拟语气中be→were）主句用：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。
If we had time now, we would read it again.If I were you, I would work hard.2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：had+过去分词；主句：would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词。
If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test.If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you.3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：①一般过去时②should +动词原形③were to+动词原形；主句：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。
If it should rain, the crops would be saved.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.P.S 虚拟条件句的特殊情况(1)混合/错综型虚拟语气当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为‘错综条件句’，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。
If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.(从句说的是过去，主句是现在)If I were you, I would have taken his advice.(从句是现在，主句是过去)(2)省略if的虚拟语气如果从句中含有were/ should/ had时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if.采用倒装语序。
虚拟语气知识点讲解
虚拟语气一、虚拟语气的含义英语中有下列三种语气：陈述语气：用来陈述事实。
用于陈述句、疑问句和感叹句。
祈使语气：提出请求、劝告、指示、命令等。
仅用于祈使句。
虚拟语气：常表示说话人所说的不是事实，或事情发生的可能性很小，或不可能发生，是说话人的一种主观愿望、假设、建议、或推测等。
一般常用于正式的书面语中。
二、虚拟语气在if 引导的非真实条件中的用法：主要用法列表如下：如：If I were you, I should seize the chance to go abroad. (现在)If I had time, I would attend the meeting. (现在)If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam.If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off. (将来)II. 易错点分析１、倒装条件句如果条件句中有were, had, 或should 等现成助动词，可把他们提到主语之前，省去if。
Had I had time, I would have helped you.Should it clear up tomorrow, we would go for on outing.Were I you, I would accept the invitation.注意：若省略if的条件句中的谓语是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略式．如不能说：Weren’t it for the expense, I would go abroad now. 应该说：Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now.2、错综时间条件句（混合时间句）：主句和从句的动作不是发生在同一时间，这时要根据各自的时间来调整。
高考英语语法——虚拟语气
虚拟语气一、定义：虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。
1．虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中1）表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：一般过去时（虚拟语气中be→were）Eg. If he had time, he would (could, might) go with youEg.If I were you, I would work hard.2）表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生Eg.If I had time last night, I should have come to see you.Eg.If they had helped us, we would have finished the task. (实际上没帮)3）表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生Eg.If it should rain, the crops would be saved.Eg.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.4）※注意：虚拟语气的倒装语序：如果if从句里含有should, had, were或其他助动词,则可将从属连词if省去,将助动词.情态动词.be或have放在句首形成部分倒装.Eg.If I had time, I would have done that yesterday.=Had I had time, I would have done that yesterday.Eg.If I were you, I would go to the party.=Were I you, I would go to the party.Eg.If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home=Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.2. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。
新概念英语语法讲解之虚拟语气
新概念英语语法讲解之虚拟语气新概念英语语法讲解之虚拟语气虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握：1、虚拟条件句。
2、名词性虚拟语气。
3、虚拟语气的其他用语。
一、虚拟条件句：条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。
1、条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为：If 主语＋过去时，主语＋should(could, would, 或might)＋动词原形，如：If I were you, I would study hard.If it rained, I would not be here now.2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为：If 主语＋had＋过去分词，主语＋should(could, would, 或might)＋have＋过去分词，如：If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved.If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term.3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为：If 主语+should(were to, 过去时)＋do，主语＋should(could...)＋原形do，如：If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry.注意问题：1、If条件句中绝对不可出现"would"。
2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都是遵守上述句型。
3、在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如：Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.二、名词性虚拟语气：在表示命令、建议要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，基本句型：主语＋(should)＋动词原形，如：Mother insisted that John go to bed at 9 o'clock.（宾语从句）We suggested that the meeting should not be held.It was required that the crops should be harvested at once.（主语从句）The suggestion that he be invited was rejected.（同位语从句）That is their demand that their wages be increased.（表语从句）注意：在这种句子中绝不出现"would""must""could"等。
高中语法专题解析虚拟语气
高中语法专题解析虚拟语气虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）是英语中一种特殊的语气，用于表示假设、愿望、建议、要求、命令等虚拟的情况或假设。
在高中语法学习中，掌握虚拟语气的用法是十分重要的。
本文将针对高中语法专题解析虚拟语气进行详细讲解。
一、条件虚拟语气条件虚拟语气用于表示与现实相反的假设情况，包括对现在和将来的假设。
其主要形式为：if + 条件从句 (Past Simple), 主句(would/could/might + 动词原形)，例如：1. If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky freely.（如果我是一只鸟，我就可以在天空中自由飞翔。
）2. If it rained tomorrow, we would stay at home.（如果明天下雨，我们会呆在家里。
）需要注意的是，条件从句中的动词通常使用过去式形式，而主句中的动词则使用情态动词 would/could/might + 动词原形的形式。
二、虚拟语气用于表达愿望、建议、要求1. 表达愿望虚拟语气可以用于表达对现在或将来情况的愿望，常见的句型有：- I wish/If only + 主语 + 过去式：用于表达对现在情况的不满或遗憾的愿望，例如："I wish I were taller."（我希望我个子高一些。
）- I wish/If only + 主语 + would/could/过去式：用于表达对现在情况的希望或期望，例如："I wish you would come to my party."（我希望你能来参加我的派对。
）2. 表达建议虚拟语气可以用于表达对过去情况的建议，常见的句型有：- It's time/It's high time + 主语 + 过去式：用于表示现在情况应该采取的行动，例如："It's time you finished your homework."（你该完成作业了。
德语虚拟语气讲解(第二虚拟式)
知识点一：德语语法中最容易迷惑人的大概就是虚拟式了。
为了帮助大家更好的理解虚拟语气，我们讲分成两部分讲解虚拟式。
虚拟式分为第一虚拟式和第二虚拟式。
由于平常第二虚拟式用得较频繁，且常用第二虚拟式代替第一虚拟式，我们先来谈一谈第二虚拟式到底是何方神圣？到底要怎么用？一，虚拟式构成形式及与一般式对比对比直陈式：如大家所见，第二虚拟式只有两个时态：现在时，过去式。
直陈式过去时有三种时态，而第二虚拟式只有一种。
二，时态•现在时：①弱变化动词弱变化动词的第二虚拟式形式上比较容易掌握的，与直陈式过去时相似：②强变化动词动词变化基本形式是动词过去时词根加上一下词尾：③如：④强变化动词词干元音为 a, o, u 时，须变为 ä，ö，ü：⑤助动词haben, sein, werden 第二虚拟式⑥⑦情态动词第二虚拟式⑧特例：一些强变化动词和混合变化动词在构成第二虚拟式时元音和直陈式过去时元音不一样，如：但是这种形式现在用的比较少，常使用Würden+不定式。
⑨特例：混合动词 senden 和 wenden 在第二虚拟式中一般用弱变化形式，如：⑩•过去时：第二虚拟式过去时结构如下：助动词haben/sein第二虚拟式形式+过去分词需要注意的是：•所有表示过去的直陈式形式改为虚拟式时，都用这种形式。
•sein第二人称形式du wär e st 中间的e可以省略，即du wärst.三，被动态四，第二虚拟式的代替形式 würde + 不定式•口语中，大部分动词的第二虚拟式由würden+不定式的形式来代替，如Ich würde dich gern einladen.•haben和sein的第二虚拟式形式很少用würde 形式来代替，情态动词几乎不用该形式代替。
•但是，要避免住从句中都用würden形式。
Wenn ich dort eine Arbeit finden würde, würde ich an der See bleiben.(X)五，第二虚拟式的用法第二虚拟式主要表示一种非现实的情况。
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2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装； 条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；
假设条件虚拟倒装。 假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中含有 should，were， had 三个助动词并且放在句首时， 三个助动词并且放在句首时， ， ， 可以把if省略 省略。 可以把 省略。 If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up. If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again. Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again. If there should be a flood, what should we do? Shoul there be a flood, what should we do?
二、虚拟语气的考点 1、一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法； 一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法； 2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装； 条件句中虚拟语气的倒装； 3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法； 名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法； 4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气用法； 几种特殊结构中虚拟语气用法； 5、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。 虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。
4、特殊虚拟 、
1）wish ） + 宾语从句
现在： 现在： 过去时 (did/were) 过去： 过去： 过去完成时 (had done) 未来： 未来：would/could/might+V.
should
• I wish I were a bird. (现在 现在) 现在 • I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake. (过去 过去) 过去 • We wish our parents wouldn’t punish us. (未来 未来) 未来
1、一般条件句中的虚拟语气 时 间 If 条件句 主 句
过去 现在
had done
would should could might
+have done sth
would 助动词 be用 were should 用 实义动词 do 用 did could might
+ do sth
did / were 将来 should do were to do
2）If only …(要是 就好了 ） 要是…就好了 要是 就好了) If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice! If only I could see him again! • 要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。 要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。 • 要是我没错过火车就好了！ 要是我没错过火车就好了！ If only our parents could live with us! If only I hadn’t missed the train!
一、虚拟语气定义 1.英语动词有三种语气， 陈述语气， 英语动词有三种语气， 陈述语气， 英语动词有三种语气 祈使语气和虚拟语气. 祈使语气和 2. 定义：用来表示说的话 定义：用来表示说的话不是事实， 或者是不可能发生或可能性比较小的 或者是 的 情况，而是一种愿望，建议， 情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的 语气叫虚拟语气。 语气叫虚拟语气。
4）without和but for 构成虚拟。(but for要不是 ） 构成虚拟。 要不是) 和 要不是 • Without sunlight, people’s life would be different from today. • But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work. •But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.
would should + do sth could Might
1. If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.
与现在事实相反
2. If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug.
3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldn’t have made a mistake. 4. If he had been there, it wouldn’t have happened.
Summary
1. if 2.一个坚持、两个命令、三个建议、五个要求 一个坚持、 一个坚持 两个命令、三个建议、 3. 特殊虚拟（5种：wish, if only,as if/though, 特殊虚拟（ 种 but for, without) 4. 特殊句型：（ 种） 特殊句型：（ ：（3种 I would rather that sb did sth it’s time that sb did/(should) do sth it is +adj+ that sb( should )do sth
3）It’s necessary /strange/ natural/ important ） + that --- 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即 从句中的动词要用虚拟， (should)+动词原形 动词原形 1.It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language. 2. It is strange that she refuse to come to the party. 3. It’s necessary that we should study hard.
2、以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句（包 以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句（
括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句） 括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句）也要使用 虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。 虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。 order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire
• It’s suggested that the plan be carried out. • My demand is that she should come to see me once a week. • All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.
与过去事实相反
5. If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldn’t go for an outing. 6. I think we could do it, if we planned it properly and could borrow the tools. 7. If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.
与未来事实相反
1.If I were you, I ____ buy the house right now. C A. won’t B. don’t C. wouldn’t D. can’t 2. _____more careful, his ship would not have B sunk. A. If the captain were B. If the captain had been C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been 3. If he A ____ me tomorrow, I would let himknow A. should call B. should not have been able C. were not able D. are not able
5. 几种特殊的虚拟句子结构 过去时 1).It’s high time +that should +V. 你该走了。
It’s high time that you went. It’s high time that you should go.
2）would rather that sb did sth ） I would rather that all of you entered a good university.
• 我们建议Tom去休息一下。 我们建议 去休息一下。 去休息一下 • 他坚决要求我到场。 他坚决要求我到场。 • 国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。 国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。 • 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。 We suggested that Tom (should) have a rest. He insisted that I (should) be present. The king ordered that the prisoners (should) be killed the next day. They requested that we (should) send them to work there.
3. 名词性从句的虚拟语气。 名词性从句的虚拟语气。 主要是表示命令、要求、建议的虚拟语气。 主要是表示命令、要求、建议的虚拟语气。 1.宾语从句。常见动词： 宾语从句。 宾语从句 常见动词： 一个坚持： 一个推荐： 一个坚持：insist 一个推荐：recommend 两个命令： 两个命令：order, command 三个建议： 三个建议：advise, suggest, propose 五个要求： 五个要求：demand , require, request, desire ask 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气 用法。 使用should 用法。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原 或者将should省略。 should省略 形，或者将should省略。