Legal and Moral Implications of Cloning 克隆在法律与道德上的影响(中英互译)
新视野第三册第八单元
新视野第三册第八单元Unit 8Section A Legal and Moral Implications of Cloning1. Pre-reading1. 1 Background informationCloning: The process of making a genetically identical organism through nonsexual means. DNA: (deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸) the chemical at the center of the cells of living things which controls the structure and purpose of each cell and carries genetic information during reproduction.1. 2 Topic-related video1. 3 Topic-related discussion2. While-reading2. 1 Global reading2.1.1 Understand the major details of the text1.Could a cloned child share personality characteristics with the original?No, a cloned child and original could only resemble in appearance.2.How would a child feel if he were to be used as an organ donor.He would be psychologically hurt.3.What is the gravest concern about human cloning for society?The creation of a new and disrespected social class: the clones.2.1. 2 Understand organization of the text（五号字，斜体）1)Main idea of the textThe essay focuses on one central theme: the legal and moral implications of cloning. It lists a number of questions about the legal and moral implications that arise from cloning and provides answers to those questions from up-to-date knowledge.2)Text structure analysisPart 1 (Para.1) With the success of cloning an adult mammal, the world was suddenly brought into the reality of human cloning.Part 2 ( Paras.2-3) This part is about the world’s strong and immediate responses in the wake of Wilmut’s announcement.Part 3 (Paras.4-18) This part offers complete or partial answers, from the up-to-date knowledge, to t he six questions on the legal and moral implications of cloning.Part 4(Para.19) This part is intended to reaffirm the author’s opinion that, although the list of questions could go on, people are just beginning to wonder about the future of the world after cloning.2. 2. 1 Words and phrases1）Implication记者们讨论了这场战争的政治含义。
《大学英语(二本)课程教学大纲》
《大学英语》（二本）课程教学大纲课程编号：0502104017 0502104018 0502104019 0502104020课程名称：大学英语（二本）英文名称：College English课程类型：公共基础课总学时：256 讲课学时：192 实验学时：64学分：14适用对象：非英语专业本科生先修课程：一、课程性质、目的和任务本课程是我校非英语专业本科生的一门必修课程。
它的教学目的和任务是培养学生英语综合应用能力，特别是听说能力，使他们在今后工作和社会交往中能用英语有效地进行口头和书面的信息交流，同时增强其自主学习能力、提高综合文化素养，以适应我国经济发展和国际交流的需要。
二、教学基本要求通过本课程的学习，使学生了解英语语言知识与应用技能和跨文化交际等方面的内容，理解学习策略, 掌握语言运用能力和自主学习能力。
大学阶段的英语教学要求分为三个层次，即一般要求、较高要求和更高要求。
这三个不同层次的要求是我校非英语专业本科生经过大学阶段的英语学习与实践应当选择达到的英语水平标准，其中一般要求是每个大学毕业生必须达到的目标，较高要求和更高要求是对那些学有余力、英语基础较好的学生分别设置的。
一般英语能力要求如下：1. 听力理解能力：能听懂英语授课，能听懂日常英语谈话和一般性题材讲座，能基本听懂英语国家慢速英语节目；语速为每分钟130词左右，能掌握其中心大意，抓住要点。
能运用基本的听力技巧帮助理解。
2. 口语表达能力：能在学习过程中用英语交流，并能就某一主题进行讨论，能就日常话题和来自讲英语国家的人士进行交谈，能就所熟悉的话题经准备后作简短发言，表达比较清楚，语音、语调基本正确。
能在交谈中使用基本的会话策略。
3. 阅读理解能力：能够基本读懂一般性题材的英文文章，阅读速度达到每分钟70词，在快速阅读篇幅较长、难度略低的材料时，阅读速度达到每分钟100词，能基本读懂国内英文报刊，掌握中心意思，理解主要事实和有关细节，能读懂工作、生活中常见的应用文体的材料，能在阅读中使用有效的阅读方法。
Legal and Moral Implications of Cloning 克隆在法律与道德上的影响(中英互译)
Legal and Moral Implications of Cloning 克隆在法律与道德上的影响At first it was just plain surprising. Word that scientists succeeded in cloning an adult mammal—an achievement long thought impossible—caught the imagination of everyone. The laboratory process that produced Dolly, an unremarkable-looking sheep, theoretically would work for humans as well. A world with human clones was suddenly within reach. It was science fiction coming to life.起初，这对人们绝对是个震惊。
有消息称科学家已经成功克隆了一只成年哺乳动物，一项长期以来被认为是不可能的成就。
这一传闻引发了每个人的想象。
克隆多莉（一只相貌无奇的绵羊）的实验过程，从理论上说也同样适用于克隆人类。
一个克隆人的世界突然间近在咫尺，科幻小说变成了现实。
In the wake of this announcement, governments hurried to draft guidelines for the unknown, a future filled with incredible possibilities. President Clinton ordered a national commission to study the legal and moral implications of cloning. Leaders in Europe, where most nations already prohibit human cloning, began examining the moral implications of cloning other species.此消息宣布之后，为了一个未知世界，一个充满各种不可思议的可能性的未来，各国政府立即起草指导方针。
新视野大学英语第三册Unit7—Unit10课文梗概
Summary Unit 7A
Bill Gates
This context is about one of the founder of the Microso ---Bill Gates. He has dominated the personal compu ng revolu on and modernized the whole world in the process certainly. How come do you know? His success stems from his personality: blend of brilliance, drive and compe veness, also his mul tasking ability. He runs his company mainly through hard work and new idea, not the poli cs like others. Then, the text introduces the growth history of the Microso . We hope that he will give more surprise to us. Unit 7B
新视野大学英语读写教程第3册课后习题答案
新视野大学英语读写教程第3册课后习题答案Unit 7Section A. A Rose IS a Rose《读写教程 III》: Ex. II, p. 1891. “Red roses say ‘I love you’,” says Gerald Hager.2. They help those people save money.3. Some are dressed in work clothes, and some in expensive suits andovercoats.4. By holding prices down through controlling every link in the rosechain.5. Because of severe foreign competition.6. The trend is that imported roses are sold across the entirebreadth of the industry, from big flower shops to street-corner stands.7. They are trying to work with their overseas rivals instead offighting them.8. A recent frost killed 25% of Col ombia’s rose crop andconsequently U.S. rose growers had the good luck to make a lot more moneyon this Valentine’s Day as there was less competition from overseasrivals.《读写教程Ⅲ》: Ex. Ⅲ, p. 1891. circulates2. distributes3. released4. margin5. launched6. discount7. chased8. bankrupt《读写教程Ⅲ》: Ex. Ⅳ, p. 1901. go out of style2. Opinions ranged from … to3. have left over4. hold down5. go down6. looks like raining7. offered to8. nothing but《读写教程Ⅲ》: Ex. Ⅴ, p. 1901. power2. excitement3. heat4. jobs5. profits6. energy7. electricity8. production《读写教程Ⅲ》: Ex. VI, p. 1911. seaward: going towards the sea2. backward: directed towards the back, the beginning, or the past; returning; behind in development3. earthward: towards the earth4. outward: towards the outside; away; of the outside, appearing to be true but perhaps not really true5. southward: going towards the south6. upward: going up; increasing, getting higher7. homeward: going towards home8. inward: moving towards the inside; (placed) on the inside; of the mind or spirit《读写教程Ⅲ》: Ex. VII, p. 1911. interchangeable2. intermingle3. interconnected4. interdependent5. interplay6. intermarriage7. interpersonal8. interactive《读写教程Ⅲ》: Ex. VIII, p. 1921. looked as if she had been through some terrible famine2. as if it was his birthday3. as if she knew me4. as if they spent a fortune5. as if I were mad《读写教程Ⅲ》: Ex. Ⅸ, p. 1921. I passed him a large glass of whisky, which he drank immediately.2. Last year, some farmers in the village raised chickens and ducks, which grew very well.3. Yesterday Tom went to a birthday party, which was held by Lucy’s parents for Lucy’s 15th birthday.4. The whole evening Amy was talking about her latest book, of which none of the people present had ever heard.5. The small man in the raincoat, whom nobody recognized, turned out to be Olivia’s first husband.《读写教程Ⅲ》: Ex. Ⅹ, p. 1921. Valentine’s day is the biggest day for the nation’s roseindustry, as on this day the rose retailers will sell more than onemillion roses.2. As for traditional flower shops, selling roses is no longer sucha beautiful experience as before, because intense market competition haschased them almost out of business.3. While discount rose retailers watch their business bloom, U.S.rose growers are going bankrupt as large amounts of foreign roses get intoAmerican markets.4. As the imported roses account for 57% of the total Americanmarkets, the profit margin of the domestic rose growers has droppedsubstantially.5. Some smart domestic rose growers have begun to work with theoverseas rivals, instead of fighting them.6. They are going to widen their business range through providingvarious kinds of service and becoming a representative for overseas flowerproducers.7. Holding a bundle of roses in his hand, the young man walked intothe office and put it on the desk of Lily, the girl he had long been inlove with.8. All the people in the office craned their necks to see thishandsome young man and were eager to know the love story between the boyand the girl.《读写教程 III》: Ex. XI, p. 1931. 红玫瑰将永远是最流行的花儿，因为爱情永不过时。
新视野大学英语(第三版)读写教程第一册 目录
Exercises
Unit10
Section A
Text:The Challenging Friend l Didn’t Know
Exercises
Section B
Reading Skills:Denotation and Connotation
Exercises
Section B
Reading Skills:Identifying the Writer’S Purpose
Unit9
Section A
Text:Premarital Agreements
Exercises
Section B
Reading Skills:Predicting the Writer’S Ideas
Unit3
Section A
Text:Where Principles Come First
Exercises
Section B
Reading Skills:Making Predictions
Text:CulturaI Differences in Western and
Japanese Decision-Making
Exercises
Unit5
Section A
Text:GracefuI Hands
Exercises
Section B
Reading Skills:Understanding Idiomatic Expressions
Text:Decisions of the Heart
Exercises
Unit6
翻译技巧课外资料和作业
翻译技巧词义的褒贬一般地，翻译过程中，褒义词必须译成褒义词，贬义词必须译成贬义词，中性词也应翻译译成中性词。
有时，根据上下文和语境的需要，译者也可能通过补译增加语言相应的褒义或贬义等感情色彩。
Ⅰ.本身褒义的语言译成褒义1．He was a man of high renown (fame).他是位有名望的人。
（褒义）2．“He was polite and always gave advice willingly, ”she recalled.她回忆说，“他彬彬有礼，总是诲人不倦。
”（褒义）3．张将军真是足智多谋啊！General Zhang is really wise and resourceful.（褒义）4．多亏了班长的帮助，她才能克服那些困难。
Thanks to the monitor’s help, she could overcome those difficulties.（褒义）Ⅱ. 本身贬义的语言译成贬义5．He lost his job in consequence of the quarrel with the manager.他由于和经理争吵的缘故而失去了工作。
（贬义）6．His notoriety as a rake did not come until his death.他作为流氓的恶名是他死后才传开来的。
(贬义)7．我们对他的粗暴态度感到震惊。
We were shocked by his coarse manners. (贬义)8．那个敌参谋长可是诡计多端的呀！That enemy chief of staff has a whole bag of tricks. (贬义)Ⅲ.本身中性的语言译成中性9．We had to put off the sports meeting because of the bad weather.因为糟糕的天气，我们只得推迟运动会。
新视野第二版第三册课文幻灯--unit8
2) Because it became possible to clone human beings;
3) Because it was a deformed product of science;
Para.19
This part is intended to reaffirm the author’s opinion that,although the list of questions could go on, people begin to wonder about the future of the world after cloning.
Unit 8 Section A
Legal and Moral Implications of Cloning
AIR FORCE UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS
Lead-in
Our topic today is “Cloning”. Cloning, as its name implies, is the genetic term for producing an exact copy of an animal or plant by developing artificially a cell from it. But the birth of Dolly, a mammal clone, is like setting the cat among the pigeons.
【新视野大学英语读写教程第三册教案】
新视野大学英语
读写教程
第三册教案
（供学院本科各专业使用）
云南中医学院公共课程部外语教研室
教案首页
授课时间：2006 年9月第 3 学期第一、二周
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授课时间：2006 年9 月第 3 学期第二、三周
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授课时间：2006 年9 月第 3 学期第三、四周
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授课时间：2006年9 月第3学期第四、六周
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授课时间：2006年9 月第3 学期第六、七周
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授课时间：2006年9月第3学期第七、八周
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授课时间：2006年9月第3学期第八、九周
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授课时间：2006年9月第3学期第九、十周
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授课时间：2006年9月第3学期第十、十一周
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授课时间：2006年9月第3学期第十二、十三周
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授课时间：2006年9月第3学期第十、十一周
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授课时间：2006年9月第3学期第十、十一周。
cloning(基因重组克隆技术)
What are the risks ofable of Contents
Background Information Warming-up Activities Text Analysis Vocabulary and Structure Vocabulary Test Writing
What is cloning ?
There are different types of cloning, and cloning technologies can be used for other purposes besides producing the genetic twin of another organism. The three types of cloning technologies are: (1) recombinant DNA technology or DNA cloning（基因重组克隆技术）, (2) reproductive cloning（再生克隆技术）, and (3) therapeutic cloning（干细胞疗法克隆技术）.
Sections
Section A Section B Section C
Legal and Moral Implications of
Cloning Who Will Take Advantage of Human
Cloning? Twins Six Years Apart
Section A
Legal and Moral Implications of
cloning(基因重组克隆技术)
Teaching Objectives
1. Enlarge vocabulary 2. Talk about the advantages
如何有效提高护理专业英语教学的效率
如何有效提高护理专业英语教学的效率摘要：目前护理人才不仅在国内有很大需求，在国外上的缺口也很大。
而护理英语专业词汇多，文献难度大，口语训练缺位，这些都与教学课时少，教材落后的现状形成了对比。
在这种情况下，英语教学的效率就显得尤为重要。
本文认为，效率和效果是不可分的，若要实现教学效率，必须在明确教学目标的大前提下才能实现。
同时，还要结合教师的课堂监控能力和专业能力，才能才根本上解决目前英语教学效率低的问题，为我国护理人才的培养贡献力量。
关键词：护理专业；英语教学；教学效率；教学模式随着国内外市场对护理专业人才结构的变化，我国专业学校在英语教育、管理模式及理念上不断地进行改革，以适应社会上对护理人才英语口语应用能力，国外先进护理文献阅读能力的需求。
在设定了国际化培养目标后，专业英语教学的效率也就提上了日程，如何在有限地学时内，达到如此多元化的目标，成为每个专业英语教师的必修课。
也是实现我国护理事业持续发展的保障。
一、护理专业英语教学的现状分析1.1 教学任务重，目标不集中效率与效果的含义是不同的，效率通常和速度相关，追求一定时间的投入产出比，而效果更强调达到工作的目标，所以，我们在研究教学效率时，必须要明确教学目标是什么，才可能做到事半功倍，否则就是南辕北辙。
而现实中学校对课程设置，教材建设上的投入严重不足，尤其是英语课总的课时设置比较少，这些都构成了现有教学模式与愈来愈高的培养目标的矛盾。
在这种情况下，如果教师的目标分散，教学安排不紧凑，实现课程教学效率或者效果将无从谈起。
1.2 缺少对学生学习方法的引导众所周知，医学英语属于独特的知识领域，有着特有的文献框架组成，一定的阅读量和词汇量是必备的基础。
目前，很多学生已经具备了专业英语学习的主动性，他们除了在有限的学时中学习外，课余还会花费时间找视频、影视等资料提高听力和对话水平。
同时教师也会多鼓励他们接触原版资料，提高阅读水平。
不过在这一过程中，由于英语基础的问题，最初的提升是很困难地，经常收效甚微，导致学生自主学习的挫败感，最终不得不依赖有限地课堂学习，所以，教师对学生学习方法的引导也尤为重要。
支持克隆的理由英语作文
支持克隆的理由英语作文The Justification of Cloning.Cloning, a biotechnology that has captivated the imagination of scientists and laymen alike, presents arange of potential benefits that could revolutionize medicine, agriculture, and even conservation efforts. While the concept may evoke ethical concerns and moral dilemmas,it is important to delve into the underlying reasons that support the pursuit of cloning technologies.Firstly, medical science stands to benefit immensely from cloning. Consider the potential for regenerative medicine, where cloned cells could be used to replace damaged or diseased cells in the body. This could lead to groundbreaking treatments for conditions like heart disease, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. Cloning couldalso facilitate the creation of personalized medical treatments, tailored to the specific genetic makeup of each individual, thus increasing the chances of successfuloutcomes.Moreover, cloning offers hope to those suffering from infertility. For couples who are unable to conceive naturally, cloned embryos could provide a pathway to parenthood. This technology could also assist in the preservation of endangered species by creating genetically identical individuals, thus maintaining genetic diversity and preventing the loss of valuable genetic information.Additionally, cloning can contribute to agricultural productivity. By cloning plants that are resistant to diseases or able to grow in adverse conditions, farmers could increase their yields and reduce their dependence on pesticides and other chemicals. This, in turn, could lead to more sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural practices.However, it is crucial to emphasize that the pursuit of cloning technologies must be tempered by ethical considerations. The potential misuse of cloning technology, such as for non-therapeutic reasons or for the creation ofhuman embryos solely for research purposes, must bestrictly prohibited. Furthermore, the rights and welfare of individuals involved in cloning procedures, whether theyare donors, recipients, or the cloned individuals themselves, must be safeguarded.In conclusion, while the ethical and moral implications of cloning are complex and multifaceted, there are numerous reasons to support the continued research and developmentof cloning technologies. The potential benefits in medicine, agriculture, and conservation are immense and could lead to significant improvements in human health and well-being. However, this pursuit must be guided by ethical principles and rigorous regulatory frameworks to ensure that the technology is used responsibly and with the utmost respect for human dignity and life.。
大学英语3背诵段落原文+翻译省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件
Unit Six 怎样做好防震准备
Para. 1a 从理论上说，人们希望懂得地震什 么时候发生，破坏程度会怎样。在日本和中 国，人们长久以来一直相信地震是能够预测 旳。在日本，科学家在陆地上和海洋中铺设 电线，以监测它们旳运动。而中国人旳老式 做法是观察动植物以获取地震旳警示信号。
Para. 1b 例如，中国人注意到，地震之 前母鸡旳行为会有所异常：它们夜晚不愿 进笼。他们还注意到，蛇会爬出地穴而冻 死，狗会狂吠不已，甚至那些日常很平静 旳狗也会叫个不断。日本旳阪神地震发生 之前，有报告说大批鱼群游到了水面。
❖ Iron deficiency is very common among women in general, affecting one in four female teenagers and one in five women aged 18 to 45, respectively. But the ratio is even greater among active women, affecting upe athletes. This means, Lyle says, that “too many women ignore the amount of iron they take in”.
Unit 2
❖ Para. 1
❖ 运动医学教授经过数年旳观察，发觉耐力运动员， 尤其是女性，经常会缺铁。普渡大学研究人员进行 旳一项新旳研究表白：虽然是适度旳锻炼，也可能 会降低女性血液中旳铁含量。
❖ Para. 4 缺铁在女性中是很常见旳，每四个十几岁旳 少女中有一人缺铁，每五个18至45岁旳女性中有一 人缺铁。而在主动锻炼旳妇女中这一百分比更高， 女耐力运动员中，缺铁者百分比则高达80%。莱尔 说，这意味着“太多女性忽视了自己摄入旳铁含 量。”
对克隆的坏处英语作文
对克隆的坏处英语作文The Disadvantages of Cloning。
Cloning is a controversial topic that has sparked debate and ethical concerns. While there are potential benefits to cloning, such as medical advancements and the preservation of endangered species, there are also significant disadvantages to consider. In this essay, we will explore the negative aspects of cloning and the potential implications for society.One of the main disadvantages of cloning is the ethical and moral concerns it raises. Cloning involves creating an exact genetic copy of an existing organism, which raises questions about the value of individuality and the sanctity of life. Many people believe that cloning undermines the uniqueness of living beings and could lead to a devaluation of human life. Additionally, there are concerns about the potential mistreatment of cloned animals and the implications for their welfare.Furthermore, cloning has the potential to create a lack of genetic diversity, which can have negative consequences for the survival of species. In a natural population, genetic diversity is important for adapting to changing environments and resisting diseases. Cloning could lead to a decrease in genetic variation, making populations more susceptible to extinction. This lack of diversity could also lead to the spread of genetic disorders and health problems within cloned populations.Another significant disadvantage of cloning is the potential for unintended consequences and unforeseen risks. The process of cloning involves manipulating genetic material, which can lead to genetic abnormalities and health issues in the cloned organism. There have been numerous cases of cloned animals experiencing health problems, such as premature aging, organ failure, and immune system deficiencies. These risks highlight the potential dangers of cloning and the need for further research and understanding of its long-term effects.In addition, cloning raises concerns about the misuseof technology and the potential for exploitation. Theability to create exact genetic copies of organisms couldbe used for unethical purposes, such as the replication of humans for the purpose of exploitation or control. Thereare also concerns about the potential for cloning to beused for commercial gain, such as the production ofdesigner pets or livestock. These ethical concernshighlight the need for strict regulations and oversight of cloning technology.Moreover, there are significant economic and environmental implications of cloning. The cost of cloning technology is high, and the resources required for the process, such as laboratory equipment and skilled personnel, can be substantial. This could lead to a concentration of resources and funding in cloning research, potentially diverting attention and resources away from other important areas of scientific research and development. Additionally, the environmental impact of cloning, such as the disposalof failed cloning attempts and the potential for genetic contamination, raises concerns about the long-termsustainability of the technology.In conclusion, while cloning has the potential for significant scientific and medical advancements, there are also numerous disadvantages and ethical concerns to consider. The potential implications for genetic diversity, unintended consequences, ethical misuse, and economic and environmental impacts highlight the need for careful consideration and regulation of cloning technology. As society continues to grapple with the ethical and moral implications of cloning, it is important to weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks and disadvantages.。
cloning的英文作文
cloning的英文作文Cloning is a controversial topic that raises ethical and moral concerns. It involves creating a genetically identical copy of an organism. The process of cloning has sparked debates about the implications for human identity, individuality, and the sanctity of life.Cloning has the potential to revolutionize medical treatments and research. It could lead to the production of organs for transplant, the development of new drugs, and the study of genetic diseases. However, there are also fears that cloning could be used unethically, such as for human reproduction or to create designer babies.The cloning of animals has already been achieved, with the most famous example being Dolly the sheep. This breakthrough raised hopes and fears about the possibility of cloning humans. The idea of cloning humans raises complex questions about the nature of identity, family, and individuality.From a scientific perspective, cloning presents a range of challenges and limitations. It is a complex andinefficient process, with a high rate of failure and health issues in cloned animals. The long-term effects of cloning on the health and lifespan of organisms are still not fully understood.The ethical and moral implications of cloning aredeeply divisive. Some argue that it is a violation of the natural order and raises concerns about the potential for exploitation and abuse. Others believe that it has the potential to alleviate suffering and improve human life.In conclusion, cloning is a complex and contentious issue that raises profound questions about science, ethics, and humanity. The potential benefits and risks of cloning must be carefully considered and weighed against each other. As technology continues to advance, the ethical and moral implications of cloning will remain a topic of intense debate.。
克隆技术 英语作文
克隆技术英语作文英文回答：Cloning technology has the potential to revolutionize medicine and agriculture, offering hope for curing diseases and addressing global food shortages. However, it also raises ethical concerns that need to be carefully considered.One of the most promising applications of cloning is in the field of medicine. By cloning patient-specific cells, scientists can grow replacement tissues and organs torepair damaged or diseased ones. This could potentially lead to cures for a wide range of conditions, such as heart disease, Alzheimer's disease, and spinal cord injuries.Cloning technology could also have a major impact on agriculture. By cloning livestock with desirable traits, such as increased meat production or disease resistance, farmers could improve the efficiency and sustainability offood production. This could help to address global food shortages and improve the nutritional status of people around the world.However, cloning technology comes with potentialethical concerns. One major concern is the potential for human cloning, which raises questions about the moral and legal implications of creating exact copies of human beings. Another concern is the potential for creating animals with severe genetic defects, which could lead to animal suffering.It is important to weigh the potential benefits andrisks of cloning technology carefully before making a decision about its use. Open and informed public discussion is essential to ensure that cloning technology is used in a responsible and ethical manner.中文回答：克隆技术有可能革新医学和农业，为治愈疾病和解决全球粮食短缺提供了希望。
该不该克隆英语作文
该不该克隆英语作文Here is an essay on the topic "Should We Clone?" with more than 1000 words, written in English without any extra punctuation marks in the body of the text.Should We Clone?The topic of cloning has been a subject of intense debate and controversy for many years. As the technology has advanced, the ethical and moral implications of cloning have come under increasing scrutiny. While some argue that cloning could offer significant benefits to humanity, others express deep concerns about the potential risks and consequences. In this essay, we will explore the arguments on both sides of this complex issue.One of the primary arguments in favor of cloning is the potential to save lives. Cloning could be used to create genetically-identical organs or tissues for transplantation, potentially alleviating the shortage of donor organs and saving countless lives. This could be particularly beneficial for individuals with rare genetic conditions or those waiting for a match on organ donation lists. Additionally, cloning could be used to reproduce individuals with exceptionaltalents or abilities, such as renowned scientists, artists, or athletes, potentially advancing human knowledge and achievement.Proponents of cloning also argue that it could provide a means for infertile individuals or same-sex couples to have genetically-related children. This could offer a sense of biological connection and fulfillment for those who are unable to conceive through traditional methods. Furthermore, cloning could be used to preserve the genetic legacy of individuals who have passed away, allowing their loved ones to continue their genetic lineage.However, the opponents of cloning raise a number of significant concerns. One of the primary issues is the potential for the exploitation and commodification of human life. Critics argue that cloning could lead to a society where individuals are viewed as products to be manufactured and customized, rather than as unique and autonomous beings. This could have profound implications for human dignity, equality, and the inherent worth of every individual.Another major concern is the risk of unintended consequences and the potential for genetic defects or abnormalities. Cloning technology is still relatively new and untested, and there are significant uncertainties about the long-term effects of the process. The possibility of creating individuals with genetic defects or unexpected health issues raises ethical questions about theresponsibility and accountability of those who engage in cloning.Additionally, there are concerns about the psychological and social impact of cloning. Critics argue that the creation of genetically-identical individuals could lead to a sense of diminished individuality and self-worth, as well as the potential for discrimination and social stratification based on genetic traits. The idea of "designer babies" or the selective breeding of individuals based on desired traits also raises concerns about the erosion of human diversity and the potential for the creation of a genetic elite.Furthermore, the religious and spiritual implications of cloning are also a source of significant debate. Many religious and philosophical traditions place a high value on the sanctity of human life and the belief that each individual is a unique creation. The idea of human cloning is seen by some as a violation of this principle, potentially undermining the fundamental beliefs and values that underpin these traditions.In conclusion, the debate over cloning is a complex and multifaceted issue that encompasses a wide range of ethical, social, and scientific considerations. While the potential benefits of cloning, such as the ability to save lives and provide reproductive options for those who are unable to conceive, are compelling, the concerns about the exploitation of human life, the risk of unintended consequences, andthe broader societal implications are equally compelling. Ultimately, the decision of whether or not to pursue cloning technology will require a careful and thoughtful examination of these issues, with a focus on preserving human dignity, autonomy, and the inherent worth of every individual.。
克隆技术英语作文
克隆技术英语作文Cloning technology is a controversial topic that has sparked heated debates around the world. Many people are concerned about the ethical implications of cloning, while others see it as a potential breakthrough in medical science.The concept of cloning has been around for decades, but it wasn't until the 1990s that scientists were able to successfully clone a mammal. This groundbreaking achievement opened the door to a wide range of possibilities, from creating genetically identical animals for research purposes to potentially cloning human organs for transplantation.One of the main arguments against cloning is the fear that it could be used to create "designer babies" with specific traits or characteristics. This raises serious ethical questions about the value of human life and the potential consequences of playing "creator" with geneticmaterial.On the other hand, proponents of cloning argue that it could be used to help infertile couples have children or to prevent genetic diseases from being passed down through generations. They believe that the potential benefits of cloning far outweigh the risks, and that it couldultimately lead to major advancements in the field of medicine.Despite the controversy surrounding cloning, it continues to be a topic of great interest and research. As technology continues to advance, it's likely that the ethical and moral implications of cloning will become even more complex and contentious. Only time will tell how this groundbreaking technology will ultimately be used and regulated.。
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Legal and Moral Implications of Cloning 克隆在法律与道德上的影响At first it was just plain surprising. Word that scientists succeeded in cloning an adult mammal—an achievement long thought impossible—caught the imagination of everyone. The laboratory process that produced Dolly, an unremarkable-looking sheep, theoretically would work for humans as well. A world with human clones was suddenly within reach. It was science fiction coming to life.起初，这对人们绝对是个震惊。
有消息称科学家已经成功克隆了一只成年哺乳动物，一项长期以来被认为是不可能的成就。
这一传闻引发了每个人的想象。
克隆多莉（一只相貌无奇的绵羊）的实验过程，从理论上说也同样适用于克隆人类。
一个克隆人的世界突然间近在咫尺，科幻小说变成了现实。
In the wake of this announcement, governments hurried to draft guidelines for the unknown, a future filled with incredible possibilities. President Clinton ordered a national commission to study the legal and moral implications of cloning. Leaders in Europe, where most nations already prohibit human cloning, began examining the moral implications of cloning other species.此消息宣布之后，为了一个未知世界，一个充满各种不可思议的可能性的未来，各国政府立即起草指导方针。
克林顿总统命令一个全国委员会研究克隆在法律和道德上的含义。
在欧洲，大多数国家都已禁止克隆人类，各国领导此时也开始研究克隆其他物种的道德含义。
Like the Theory of Relativity, the splitting of the atom, and the first space flight, Dolly's appearance has generated a long list of difficult puzzles for scientists, politicians, and philosophers. And wild questions on the topic of cloning continue to mount.就像相对论、原子裂变和第一次太空飞行一样，多莉的出现给科学家、政治家和哲学家们提出了一长串难以解答的难题。
关于克隆的奇怪问题不断涌现。
Why would anyone want to clone a human being in the first place?首先，为什么有人想克隆人类?The human cloning situations that experts consider most frequently fall into two broad categories: 1) parents who want to clone a child, either to provide transplants for a dying child or to replace that child, and 2) adults who for a variety of reasons might want to clone themselves.专家们考虑得最多的关于克隆人类的情形可以分为两大类：1)父母想要克隆孩子，要么是想为面临死亡威胁的孩子提供移植器官，要么是想代替那个孩子；2)成年人出于各种各样的原因想要克隆自己。
Will it be possible to clone the dead?是否可能克隆死去的人?Perhaps, if the body is fresh, says one expert. The cloning method used requires combining an egg cell with the nucleus of a cell containing the DNA of the person to be cloned. (DNA is a very long, ribbon-like molecule that contains our genetic information.) And that means that the nucleus must be intact. Cells die and the cell nucleus begins to break apart after death. But, yes, in theory at least it might be possible.有位专家说，如果是刚死去不久，也许就可能。
所使用的克隆方法要求将一个卵细胞和一个含有被克隆人的DNA的细胞核相结合。
(DNA是一种含有我们的基因信息的狭长带状分子。
) 这就意味着细胞核必须保持完整。
而人死之后，细胞死亡，细胞核就开始分裂。
但是，的确，至少从理论上说克隆死去的人是可能的。
Would a cloned human be identical to the original?克隆的人会和母本一模一样吗?Identical genes don't produce identical people, as anyone who knows a set of identical twins can tell you. In fact, twins are more alike than clones would be, since they have at least shared the same environment within the mother, areusually raised in the same family, and so forth. Parents could clone a second child who resembled their first in appearance, but all the evidence suggests the two would have very different personalities. Twins separated at birth do sometimes share personality characteristics, but such characteristics in a cloned son or daughter would only be reminders of the child who was lost.相同的基因不会复制出相同的人。
任何认识一些双胞胎的人都知道这一点。
事实上，双胞胎相像的程度胜于克隆人，因为他们至少在母体内分享过相同的环境，通常也在同一个家庭里被抚养长大，等等。
父母可能克隆出一个面貌与第一个孩子相似的人，但是所有的证据都表明，这两个人的个性会有很大差异。
一出生就被分开的双胞胎，有时可能有相同的个性特征，但是这样的特征出现在克隆的儿子或女儿身上，却只能令人想起失去的孩子。
Even in terms of biology, a clone would not be identical to the "master copy". The clone's cells, for example, would have energy-processing machinery that came from the egg, not from the person who was cloned. But most of the physical differences between originals and copies are so minor that detection of them would require a sophisticated laboratory. The one possible exception is bearing children. The scientists responsible for the successful cloning are not sure that Dolly will be able to have lambs. They will try to find out once she's old enough to breed.即使从生物学的角度看，克隆人也不会和“母本”一模一样。
比如，克隆人的细胞可能会有来自卵子而非被克隆人的能量加工机制。
然而，在母体和克隆体之间存在的身体差异大部分都很小，需要在设备精良的实验室里才能测定。
唯一可能的例外就是生育能力。
成功地实施了克隆多莉的科学家们也不敢肯定多莉是否能生育。
他们会等到多莉到了生育年龄时再确认这一点。
What if parents decided to clone a child in order to harvest organs?如果父母决定克隆一个孩子以获得器官，那会怎样?Most experts agree that it would be psychologically harmful if a child sensed he had been brought into the world simply as an organ donor. But some parentsalready produce second children with nonfatal transplants in mind, and many experts do not oppose this. Cloning would increase the chances for a tissue match from 25 percent to nearly 100 percent.多数专家都认为，如果一个孩子感到自己只是作为一个器官捐赠者来到这个世界，那他的心理可能受到伤害。