The development of nuclear power
核电英语
UNIT 1 HIESTORY OF NUCLEAR POWER1. The discovery of nuclear fission in 1939 was an event of epochal significance because it opened up the prospect of entirely new source of power.2. The world's first self-sustaining nuclear fission chain was realized in the united states at the University of Chicago, 2kWt CP-1, on December 2, 1942.3. A prototype of the submarine reactor （called STR Mark 1）started operation at Arco, Idaho, in March 1953and the first nuclear powered submarine commenced its sea trials in January 1955.4. The word's first industry nuclear power plant （5MW）was commenced in the U.S.S.R on June 27, 1954.5. The ShippingPort PWR, the first central-station nuclear power plant in the United States, went to operation on December 2, 1957.6. A 20MW nuclear-power demonstration plant in Canada has put in operation since October 1963 and the first CANDU power reactor unit at Douglas Point （200MW）reached full power operation in 1968.7. The first nuclear reactor （HWRR）in China went critical on June 13, 1958 and started power operation on September 23, 1958.8. The first atomic bomb in China was successfully exploded on October 16 and the first hydrogen bomb in China on June 17, 1967.9. The first nuclear submarine in China commenced its sea trials on August 23, 1971.10. The 300 MWe QNPC, designed and constructed by China, was connected to the gird of electricity generation on December, 15, 1991.11. The Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station was connected to the gird on August 31, 1993 and started commercial operation on February 1, 1994.12. In addition to QNPC and Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station, other nuclear power plants are being constructed in China.UNIT 2 DEMAND FOR ELECTRC POWER1. During the present century, the world's consumption of energy has grown rapidly due to the per capita increase in the use of energy for industry, agriculture and transportation.2. It is of special interest, the larger and larger proportions of the energy used are in the form of electric power.3. The generation of electricity requires primary energy sources and the increasing demand for electric power can be satisfied only if such primary sources are rapidly available.4. The main energy sources for the generation of electricity have been the fossil fuels, i.e., coal, natural gas, oil and hydroelectric （water）power.5. The adverse environmental effects of strip mining and the burning of coal, as well as increas ing costs, are making coal less attractive for the generation of electricity.6. Although new reserves of oil and natural gas are being discovered, it appears that the worldwide production of these fuels will start to decrease around the turn of the century.7. Coal and petroleum provide the essential raw materials for the production of chemicals, including medicinal products, dyes, fibers, rubber and plastics.8. In the long run, the fossil fuels may prove to be more valuable in the respect of chemicals production than as primary sources of energy.9. The idea of making use of the sun's energy is very attractive, but considerable research and development will be required before electricity can be generated from solar energy on a commercial scale.10. Nuclear energy can be made available either by the fission of heavy atomic nuclei or the fusion of very light ones.11. The fusion process has been demonstrated, both in experiments and in the hydrogen bomb; but is doubtful-that fusion energy can make any significant contribution to the power requirements before the end of the century.12. Nuclear fission has been established as a primary source of energy at costs that are competitive with electricity from other sourcesUNIT 3 RADIOACITIVITY1. An atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons, so that the atom as a whole is electrically neutral.2. Atomic nuclei are composed of two kinds of fundamental particles, namely, protons and neutrons.3. The proton carries a single unit positive charge equal in magnitude to the electronic charge.4. The neutron is very slightly heavier than the proton and is an electrically neutral particle.5. For a given element, the number of protons present in the atomic nucleus is called the atomic number of the element and the total number of nucleons, i.e., of protons and neutrons is called the mass number.6. The term nuclide is commonly used describe an atomic species whose nuclei have a specified composition, that is to say, a nuclide in nature is a species having given atomic and mass numbers.7. Such nuclides, having the same atomic number but different mass number, are called isotope, e.g., three forms of uranium isotopes in nature with the atomic number 92 but mass number 234, 235 and 238, respectively.8. The unstable substances undergo spontaneous change, i.e., radioactive decay, at definite rates.9. The radioactive decay is associated with the emission from the atomic nucleus of an electrically charged particle, either a alpha particles, i.e., helium nucleus, or a beta particles, i.e., an electron.10. In many instances of gamma rays, which are penetrating electromagnetic radiation of high energy, accompany the particle emission.11. The most widely used method for representing the rate of radioactive decay is by means of the half 每life, which is defined as the time required for the number of radioactive nuclei to decay to half its initial value.12. Since the number of nuclei （or their activity）decays to half its initial value in a half-life period, the number （or activity）will fall to one-fourth by the end of two half-life periods, and to less than 1 percent of its initial value after seven half-life periods.UNIT 4 NUCLEAR FISSION1. The neutron-nuclei reactors fall into three general categories, namely, scattering, capture and fission.2. After absorption of a neutron, a nucleus breaks into two lighter nuclei, called fission fragments, with the liberation of a considerab le amount of energy and two or three neutrons; this phenomenon is called nuclear fission.3. It should be noted that it is only with the fission nuclides that aself-sustaining fission chain is possible.4. Uranium-233, Uranium-235, Uranium-239, which will undergo fission with neutron of any energy, are referred to as fission nuclides.5. Since fission of thorium-232 and uranium-238 is possible with sufficient fast neutron, they are knows as fissionable nuclides; moreover, s incethorium-232 and uranium-238 can be converted into the fissile nuclides, uranium-233 and plutonium-239, respectively, they are also called fissile nuclides.6. The fission of a single uranium-235 （or similar）is accompanied by the release of over 200MeV of energy, with may be compared about 4eV released by the combustion of an atom of carbon-12.7. The neutrons can strike other uranium atoms and cause additional fission and the continuing process of fissioning is known as a chain reactor.8. Since two or three neutrons are liberated in each of fission whereas only one is required to maintain a fission chain, it would seem that once the fission reaction were initiated in a given mass of fissile material, it would readily sustain itself.9. However, such is not the case because not all the neutrons produced in fission are available to carry on the fission chain, that is, some neutrons are lost in nonfission reactions （mainly radioactive capture）,whereas other neutrons escape from the system undergoing fission.10. The minimum quantity of such material that is capable of sustaining a fission chain is called the critical mass.UNIT 5 GENERAL FEATURES OF NECLEAR REACTORS1. A device in which nuclear fission energy is released in a controlled manner is called nuclear reactor.2. In outline, a reactor consists of an active core in which the fission chain is sustained and in which most of the energy of fission is released as heat.3. The core contains the nuclear fuel, consisting of a fissile nuclide and usually a fertile material in addition.4. The function of the moderator is to slow down the high-energy neutrons liberated in the fission reactor.5. The purpose of reflector is to decrease the loss of neutrons from the core by scattering back many of those which have escaped.6. The heat generated in the reactor is removed by circulation of a suitable coolant, such as ordinary（light）water, heavy water, liquid sodium（or sodium-potassium alloy）, air and helium etc.7. The higher the temperature of the steam, the greater the efficiency for conversion into useful power.8. If the energy released in the reactor is to be converted into electric power, the heat must be transferred from the coolant to a working fluid to produce steam.9. Reactor control, including startup, power operation and shutdown is generally by moving control rods.10. In most commercial thermal reactors the fuel is either uranium （0.7% uranium-235）, with heavy water or graphite as the moderator, or uranium containing 2-4 percent of the fissile isotope, with ordinary water as the moderator.11. Based on the purpose, the reactor can fall into experimental （or research）reactor, production reactor, power reactor, dual purpose （power and production）reactor or nuclear heating reactor.12. According to the type of coolant and moderator, reactor can be called pressurized water reactor, boiling water reactor, heavy water reactor （e.g. CANDU）, graphite reactor, or liquid metal cooled reactor.UNIT 6 REACTOR CONTROL1. In the normal operation of a reactor, the functions of the control system may be divided into three phases, i.e. startup, power operation and shutdown.2. If the potentially unsafe conditions should arise, a protection system would automatically shut down the reactor.3. An essential requirement of the control system is that it must be capable of introducing enough negative reactivity to compensate for the build-in （excess）reactivity at initial startup of the reactor.4. Four general methods are possible for changing the neutron flux in a reactor, they involve temporary addition or removal of （1）fuel, （2）moderator, （3）reflector, （4） a neutron absorber.5. The control material commonly used in pressurized water reactor is alloy of 80（weight）percent silver, 15 percent indium and 5percent cadmium.6. The procedure most commonly employed, especially in power reactor, is the insertion or withdrawal of a material, such as boron or cadmium, having a large cross section for the absorption of neutrons.7. When a reactor core is being assembled, the neutron absorbing control robs are fully inserted, so the reactor is sub critical.8. During startup, the control rods are withdraw slowly, thereby permittinga gradual increase in the reactivity until the reactor becomes critical and then slightly supercritical.9. The neutron flux is thus allowed to increase at a safe, controlled rate until its magnitude corresponds to the desired operating power level of the reactor.10. The rods are then inserted to the extent required to keep the system exactly critical, so that the neutron flux and power level remain steady.11. To shut the reactor son, the control rods would be reinserted in to the core, there by decreasing the reactivity neutron flux and the power output.A control system consists of three control poops, i.e., “operator （manual）loop”, “automatic loop” and “load loop”.UNIT 7 INSTRUMENTATION1. In addition to conventional instrumentation, such as that required fir measuring temperatures, pressures, coolant flow rates, etc., devices （sensors）for determining the neutron flux play an important role in reactor control and safety.2. Many instruments for the detection of nuclear radiation are dependent upon the behavior in an electrical field of the ion-pairs formed by the ionizing particles in their passage through a gas.3. Neutrons are unchanged particles and therefore cannot cause ionization directly, so they must interact with matter by means of a nuclear reactor which, in turn, will generate charged particles.4. The changed particles will cause ionization within a gas-filled detector and these ion pairs will produce a voltage pulse or some mean level current when collected at the electrodes of the detector.5. Since the neutron flux covers a wide range （12 decades）, no single instrument can provide a satisfactory indication of the neutron flux and hencethree ranges, i.e., source range, intermediate range and power range, of instrumentation are used to obtain accurate flux level measures.6. BF3 gas generated filled detectors （proportional counter）are used in source range, compensated ion chamber are in the intermediate range, and uncompensated ion chamber in the power range in some nuclear power plant.7. Since gamma radiation from fission and fission products in a reactor can be very intense, the compensated ionization chambers are required in the intermediate range.8. The fission chamber is coated with a uranium compound and pulse produced by the fission fragments resulting from the interaction of neutrons with the uranium-235 are so large that there is no difficulty in discriminating even against “pile-up” pluses from gamma rays.9. Pressure, defined as force per unit area, is one of the measured and controlled properties.10. Typically application of Borden tube pressure sensors is locally mounted pump suction and discharge pressure gages.11. Thermocouples are utilized as temperature sensors t core exits.The hot and gold leg temperature detectors of Reactors Coolant System are Resistance Temperature Detectors （RTDs）.UNIT 8 ENERGY REMOVAL1. In practical, the maximum power level of a reactor is normally determined by the rate at which the energy （heat）can be removed.2. In nuclear reactor operating at high neutron flux, such as those intended for central station power or ship propulsion, the design of the core depends just as much on the heat removal aspects as on nuclear consideration.3. The term thermal-hydraulic design is commonly used to describe the effort involving the integration of heat transfer and fluid mechanics principles to accomplish the desired rate of heat removal from the reactor fuel.4. The temperature in a reactor could increase continuously until the reactor is destroyed if the rate of heat removal were less than the rate of heat generation.5. The rate of heat generation and heat removal must be proper balanced ina operating reactor.6. The maximum of permissible temperature must be definitely established to make sure that the cooling system is adequate under anticipated operating conditions.7. The temperature at any point in a reactor will be greater than that of the sink by amount equal to the sum of all the temperature drops along theheat-flow path.8. The goal of reactor thermal-hydraulic des ign is to provide for the “optimum” transport of heat from the fuel to its conversion into useful energy, normally in a turbine.9. By “optimum” is meant a proper ba lance between many opposing parameters, such as coolant flow rate, temperature distribution in the core, materials, etc.10. An important aspect of the thermal-hydraulic design is concerned with conditions that might arise from an accident.11. Provision must be made in the design to accommodate deviations from normal operating conditions, such as following partial or complete loss in the coolant flow.Three general mechanisms are distinguished whereby heat is transferred from one point to another, namely, conduction, convection and radiation. UNIT 9 REACTOR MATERIALS1. A unique aspect of reactor environment is the presence of intense nuclear radiations of various types.2. Mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, ductility, impart strength and creep, must be adequate for the operation conditions.3. The material must be able of being fabricated or joined, e.g., by welding, into the required shape.4. An important requirement for structural and cladding materials is that they have a small adsorption cross section for neutrons.5. The alloys in common use as cladding material are zircaloy-2 and zircaloy-4, both of which have good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.6. Ordinary water is attractive as a moderator because of its low cost, its excellent slowing-down power.7. Water of high degree of purity, especially free from chloride ions, is necessary to minimize corrosion.8. The fuel material should be resistant to radiation damage that can lead to dimensional changes, e.g., by swelling, cracking, or creep.9. The fuel material should have a high melting point and there should be no phase transformations, which would be accompanied by density and other changes, below the melting point.10. Uranium dioxide, ceramic which is the most common fuel material in commercial power reactors, has the advantage of high-temperature stability and adequate resistance to radiation.11. The pellets are ground to specified dimensions and are loaded into thin zircaloy tubes which serve as cladding.12. The small annular gap between the fuel pellets and cladding contains helium gas to improve the heat transfer characteristic.UNIT 10 REACTOR SAFETY1. In general, the goals of reactor safety are to reduce the probability of an accident and to limit the extent of the radiological hazard.2. Nuclear reactor systems are designed with a number of barriers to the release of radioactivity, namely, fuel pellets, fuel-rod cladding, primary coolant boundary and containment.3. The basic philosophy of the design of nuclear power plants has been described as defense in depth, expressed in terms of five levels of safety.4. The first level of safety is to design of reactor and other components of the system so that they will operate with a high degree of reliability and the chances of a malfunction are very small.5. The purpose of safety is to design the reactor and other components of the system so that they will operate with a high degree of reliability and the chances of a malfunction are very small.6. The third level of safety is to provide engineered safety features, such as emergency core cooling system, containment spray system, and emergency eclectic power.7. Plants are now being required to develop accident management programs, which should reduce the likelihood of uncontrolled radioactivity releases during accident.8. Finally, emergency planes are developed that include provisions for sheltering and evacuation to further reduce potential doses to the public.9. Suitable redundancy shall be provided to assure that the safety system function can be accomplished assuming a single failure.10. One way to minimize common-mode failure is by diversity, that is by the use of two or more independent and different methods for achieving the same result, e.g., reactor shutdown in an emergency.11. The evaluation of the safety of a nuclear power plant should include analyses of the response of the plant to postulated disturbance in process variables and to postulated malfunctions of equipment.12. An electric utility desiring to operate a nuclear power must first apply to the NNNA for a construction permit and then for an operating license.UNIT 11 QYALITY ASSURANCES1. Quality Assurance （QA）is referred to as planned and systematic actions necessary to provide adequate confidence that an item or facility will perform satisfactorily in service.2. Quality Control （QC）includes such as actions that provide a means to control and measure the characteristics of an item, process or facility in accordance with established requirements.3. Reliability is the probability that a device, system or facility will perform its intended function satisfactorily for a specified time under stated operating conditions.4. An overall quality assurance program shall be established to provide for control of the constitute activities associated with a nuclear power plant, such as design, construction, manufacturing, commissioning and operation.5. All programs shall provide that the activities affecting quality are accomplished in accordance with written procedures, instructions or drawings.6. Activity affecting quality includes designing, purchasing, fabricating, manufacturing, handling, shipping, storing, cleaning, erecting, installing, testing, commissioning, operating, inspecting, maintaining, repairing, refueling, modifying and decommissioning.7. A documented organization structure, with clearly defined functional responsibilities, level of authority and lines of internal and external communication for management, direction and execution of the quality assurance program shall be established.8. The preparation, review, approval and issue of documents essential to the performance and verification of the work shall be subject to control.9. Design control measures shall be applied to items such as the following: radiation protection; physics and stress analysis, thermal, hydraulic, seismic and accident analysis; compatibility of materials; accessibility of in-serviceinspection, maintenance and repair and delineation of acceptance criteria for inspection and tests.10. Hold-points beyond which work shall not proceed without the approval of a designated organization, if such inspection or witnessing of the inspection is required, shall be indicated in appropriate documents.11. Measures shall be established to control items which do not conform to requirements, in order to prevent their inadvertent use or installation.12. Quality assurance records shall represent objective evidence of quality and should include the results of review, inspections, tests, audits, monitoring of work performance, material analysis and power plant operation logs, as well as closely related data, such as qualification of personnel, procedures and equi UNIT 12 INTRODUCTION TO PWR NPP1. A pressurized water reactor （PWR）generating system is a dual cycle plant consisting of a closed, pressurized, reactor coolant system （primary）anda separate power conversion system （secondary）for the generation electricity.2. The use of a dual cycle design minimizes the quantities of fission products released to the power conversion system components and subsequent release of fission products to the atmosphere.3. The primary system consists of a pressure vessel containing the nuclear fuel and reactor coolant loops connected in parallel to the reactor vessel.4. Each reactor coolant loop contains a reactor coolant pump, a steam generator, loop piping and instrumentation.5. The reactor coolant system also contains a pressurizer connected to one of the loops for system pressure control.6. During operation, the reactor coolant system transfers the heat produced in the reactor to the steam generator where steam is produced to supply the turbine generator to produce electricity.7. The entire reactor coolant system is located in containment （reactor building）which isolates the radioactive reactor coolant system from the environment in the event of a leak.8. The turbine building contains all the power conversion system, including turbines, moisture-separator/reheaters, feedwater heaters, condenser etc.9. The control building contains the central control room with its console and control panels, as well as the relay room.10. A fuel storage area is provided for handling and storage of new and spent fuel.11. Auxiliary building contains safety related and potentially radioactive auxiliary system, such as residual heat removal system, the safety injection system, the component cooling system etc.12. The safety injection system is an emergency system that provides for the injection of borated water from the refueling water storage tank into reactor coolant sytem in the event of LOCA.UNIT 13 REACTOR VESSSEL AND INTERNALS1. The reactor vessel and internals support and align the reactor core and its associated components.2. Additionally, the vessel and internals provide a flowpath to ensure adequate heat removal capability from the fuel assemblies.3. The reactor vessel is a cylindrical, with a welded hemispherical bottom heat and a removable, flanged and gasketed, hemispherical upper head.4. The head flange is sealed to the vessel flange by two metallic “o” rings which fit into grooves machined in both flanges.5. The reactor vessel and heat are constructed of a manganese molybdenum alloy steel with all surfaces in contact with the reactor coolant clad with weld deposited stainless steel for corrosion resistance.6. Sample of reactor vessel and weld materials are provided to evaluate the effect of radiation on the fracture toughness of the reactor vessel.7. Reactor vessel closure head penetrations include: control rod drive mechanism adapters and reactor vessel head vent.8. The bottom head of the vessel contains penetrations for connection and entry of the in-core nuclear instrumentation.9. The reactor internals consist of the lower support structure, the upper support structure and the in-core instrumentation support structure.10. Lower core support structure consists of the core barrel, the core buffer, the lower core plate and support columns, the thermal shield, the intermediate diffuser plate and the core support.11. A thermal shield attached to the core barrel is provided to reduce radiation damage to the reactor vessel during operation.The upper core support structure consists of the upper support assembly and the upper core plate, between which are contained support columns and control rod guide tubes.UNIT 14 REACTOR CORE1. The reactor components consist of the fuel assemblies and all components which can be inserted into a fuel assembly to reactor power, power distribution or flow distribution.2. Fuel assemblies are square arrays （17×17 or 15×15）of long thin zircaloy tubes containing slightly enriched UO2 in the form pellets.3. Fuel assemblies are aligned by pins in the upper and lower core plates which mate with holes in the top and bottom nozzles.4. All control rod guide thimbles are filled with control rods, burnable poison assemblies, source assemblies or thimble plugging assemblies.5. A rod cluster control assembly consists of a group of individual neutron absorber rods fastened at top end to a common spider assembly.6. The absorber material used in the control rods is usuallysilver-indium-cadmium alloy sealed in stainless steel tubes.7. Control rods are designed to respond to fast reactivity changes while show changes such as fuel burnup are compensated by boron concentration changes.8. The burnable poison assemblies are designed to provide a fixed discrete poison during the initial core load.9. To insure adequate indication for the operator during long-term reactor shutdown and during reactor startup, neutron source assemblies are installed in the core.10. In order to limit core bypass though the control rod guide thimbles in fuel assemblies not containing control rods, sources assemblies, or burnable poison rods, the fuel assemblies at these locations are fitted with thimble plugging assemblies.11. Control rod drive mechanisms are magnetic jack assemblies which move control rods in discrete steps and tripping is accomplished byde-energizing the mechanisms and allowing the control rods to fall by gravity into the core.12. Reactor coolant enters the reactor vessel through the inlet nozzles, flows downward between the vessel wall and core barrel, then reverses direction and flows up through the core to remove the heat generated in the fuel assemblies, enters the upper plenum, and exits through the outlet nozzle.UNIT 15 PRESSURIZER1. A single reactor has only one pressurizer regardless of the number of loops.2. The pressurizer is a vertical, cylindrical, cylindrical vessel with hemispherical top and bottom heads.3. At nominal full power conditions, approximately sixty percent of the pressurizer volume is saturated water with the remaining saturated steam.4. Electrical heaters are installed through the bottom head while the spray nozzle, relief valve and safety valve connections are located in the top head of the vessel.。
近百年对世界影响最大的发明英语作文
近百年对世界影响最大的发明英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Most Impactful Inventions of the Last 100 YearsWe're living in an era of unprecedented technological progress. Over just the past century, groundbreaking inventions have transformed our world in unimaginable ways. As a student, I'm in awe of the brilliant minds behind these innovations that have shaped modern society. In this essay, I'll explore what I believe are the most impactful inventions since the 1920s and their profound effects on our daily lives.The first pivotal invention I'd like to discuss is the internet. Although its origins date back to the 1960s, it was the development of the World Wide Web in 1989 by Sir Tim Berners-Lee that truly sparked the internet revolution. This global network has become deeply embedded into the fabric of 21st century life, revolutionizing how we communicate, work, learn, shop, and entertain ourselves.As students, the internet has been an invaluable resource for research and education. We have the entirety of humanknowledge at our fingertips through online libraries and databases. Lessons and lectures can happen virtually, democratizing access to quality education globally. The internet's impact simply cannot be overstated – it has connected our world in unprecedented ways.Next, I'd highlight the immense importance of vaccines and antimicrobial drugs. Life expectancy has skyrocketed since the invention of penicillin in 1928 and the subsequent development of antibiotics, antivirals, and vaccines that can prevent and treat infectious diseases. Epidemics that once devastated populations can now be controlled. As a direct result of vaccines, smallpox was declared eradicated in 1980 by the World Health Organization.As students, we've been protected by a host of routine immunizations that allow us to learn and grow up healthy. Without these extraordinary medical inventions, schools would face constant outbreaks of measles, polio, and other illnesses. The ability to treat bacterial and viral infections has transformed public health beyond recognition compared to a century ago.Another epochal breakthrough is the invention of nuclear technology, both for energy generation and arguably as the most destructive weapon ever created. The first controllednuclear fission chain reaction in 1942 changed the course of modern history, ushering in the nuclear age. While nuclear power has been controversial, it provides a tremendous amount of the world's electricity today through fission reactors.On the other hand, the creation of nuclear weapons has had a chilling effect on geopolitics. Their sheer destructive capability represents a threat to all humanity. As students, we've grown up in the long shadow and deterrence of nuclear armaments during the Cold War era. Now, the quest for harnessing safe, controlled nuclear fusion could be an amazing source of virtually limitless clean energy for our planet's future.It's hard to overstate the significance of the semiconductor and microchip, which has driven the digital revolution and rise of modern computing. While the first transistors and integrated circuits emerged in the 1950s-60s, their relentless miniaturization following Moore's Law predictions enabled increasingly powerful and compact electronic devices year after year.From basic calculators to supercomputers, microchips have enabled the Information Age we live in. As students, we use chipsets to power our laptops, smartphones, gaming consoles, and a myriad of digital technologies that make modern lifepossible. Shrinking transistors into microprocessors has vastly increased computing performance, efficiency, and capabilities. The semiconductor is the foundation and core driving force of the digital world.In the realm of communications, we've witnessed incredible growth from the earliest telephone networks to modern mobile phones and data transmission. The first practical cell phone system was prototyped in 1973, followed by commercial mobile services in the 1980s. This wireless technology untethered voice and data communications from landlines.Today, smartphones combine advances in computing, cameras, networking and more into powerful handheld computers that most students have constant access to. We videoconference, stream media, get turn-by-turn directions, and have near-infinite information just a tap away. Cellular networks and data transmission protocols like WiFi, Bluetooth, and 5G have enabled ubiquitous digital connectivity that has reshaped society.More recent but no less impactful inventions have emerged in the fields of renewable energy. The commercial development of photovoltaic solar cells and wind turbines has allowed humanity to harness clean electricity from the power of the sunand atmosphere. As the threat of climate change looms, these technologies represent crucial innovations as the world transitions to sustainable energy sources over fossil fuels.As students looking towards the future, renewable energy gives me hope that we can power our growing energy needs in a way that doesn't exacerbate the global climate crisis. Whether through improvements in solar panel efficiency, battery storage, offshore wind farming, or other advances, green energy inventions will play a vital role.Of course, many other inventions have transformed our modern world, from airplanes to plastics, televisions, GPS, the birth control pill, and more. But in my analysis, the inventions I've highlighted stand out as having an extraordinary impact that has shaped the era we live in as 21st century students.Looking back over the past 100 years of breathtaking innovation, I'm awestruck by the creativity, perseverance and brilliance of the human minds behind these world-changing breakthroughs. To imagine what wonders may emerge in the next century fills me with a sense of excitement and hope for the future we'll inherit as the next generation.As a student today, it's easy to take the remarkable technologies all around me for granted. But by understandingthe immense impact of inventions like the internet, vaccines, nuclear power, semiconductors, cellular networks, and renewable energy systems, I gain a deeper appreciation for how rapidly our modern world has advanced thanks to the brightest scientists and innovators throughout the 20th century and into the 21st.While we've seen profound disruptions and transformations from these inventions, they've often provided solutions to humanity's greatest challenges while opening up new realms of possibility. Despite the risks of powerful new technologies, that drive for incremental progress is part of the grand human experiment that has launched us from the age of the telegraph to interplanetary probes streaking through the cosmos.I feel tremendously fortunate to be a student experiencing the world made possible by a century's worth of groundbreaking inventions. At the same time, I'm inspired and motivated by these wonders of human ingenuity to keep learning, creating, and someday contributing innovations of my own for the betterment of the world we all share.篇2The Most Impactful Inventions of the Past 100 YearsAs a student living in the 21st century, I am constantly in awe of the rapid technological advancements that have shaped our modern world. It's mind-boggling to think about how different life was just a century ago, before many of the inventions we now take for granted were even conceived. In this essay, I will explore some of the most impactful inventions of the past 100 years and discuss how they have revolutionized various aspects of our lives.One of the inventions that has had a profound impact on society is the internet. Developed in the 1960s as a communication network for the U.S. military, the internet has since evolved into a vast global network that has transformed the way we communicate, access information, and conduct business. The advent of the World Wide Web in the 1990s made the internet accessible to the general public, and today, it is an integral part of our daily lives. From online shopping and banking to social media and remote work, the internet has reshaped nearly every aspect of modern society.Another game-changing invention is the smartphone. While mobile phones have been around since the 1970s, the introduction of smartphones in the early 2000s revolutionized the way we interact with technology. These pocket-sized devices have evolved into powerful computing devices that allow us toaccess the internet, take photos, navigate with GPS, and perform a myriad of other tasks on the go. Smartphones have become an indispensable tool for communication, productivity, and entertainment, and their impact on our lives is undeniable.In the field of medicine, one of the most significant inventions of the past century is the development of antibiotics. Prior to the discovery of penicillin in 1928 by Alexander Fleming, bacterial infections were often fatal, and even minor injuries could lead to life-threatening complications. The advent of antibiotics has saved millions of lives and has significantly improved our ability to treat and prevent a wide range of infectious diseases.The invention of the airplane has also had a profound impact on our world. While the Wright brothers achieved the first powered flight in 1903, it wasn't until the mid-20th century that air travel became widely accessible. Today, airplanes have revolutionized transportation, allowing us to travel vast distances in a matter of hours and facilitating the global exchange of goods, services, and ideas.In the realm of energy, the development of nuclear power has been both a significant achievement and a source of controversy. The first nuclear reactor was built in 1942, and thefirst nuclear power plant went online in 1954. While nuclear power has provided a source of clean and efficient energy, concerns over safety and the disposal of radioactive waste have sparked ongoing debates about its long-term viability.Another invention that has had a profound impact on our lives is the birth control pill. Introduced in the 1960s, the pill revolutionized family planning and gave women unprecedented control over their reproductive lives. This invention has played a significant role in advancing women's rights and empowerment, allowing women to pursue education and careers without the constant fear of unplanned pregnancies.In the field of electronics, the invention of the transistor in 1947 paved the way for the development of modern computers and countless other electronic devices. Transistors, which are small electronic switches, replaced bulky and inefficient vacuum tubes and enabled the miniaturization of electronics. Without the transistor, many of the technological advancements we enjoy today would not have been possible.As we look to the future, it's exciting to imagine the revolutionary inventions that lie ahead. Perhaps we will witness the development of practical quantum computers, which could solve complex problems at an unprecedented speed. Or maybewe will see the widespread adoption of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, helping to mitigate the effects of climate change.In conclusion, the past 100 years have been a period of remarkable innovation, with inventions that have transformed virtually every aspect of our lives. From the internet and smartphones to antibiotics and air travel, these inventions have reshaped our world in ways that would have been unimaginable to our ancestors. As students living in this era of rapid technological change, it's crucial that we appreciate the significance of these inventions and strive to build upon them, creating new innovations that will shape the world for generations to come.篇3The Greatest Innovations That Shaped Our WorldOver the past century, human ingenuity and relentless pursuit of progress have given rise to remarkable inventions that have transformed our world in profound ways. As a student witnessing the marvels of modern technology, I am in awe of the revolutionary advancements that have reshaped our lives, pushing the boundaries of what was once deemed impossible.One invention that stands out as a true game-changer is the internet. Born from the humble beginnings of interconnected computer networks, the internet has evolved into a vast digital realm that has redefined communication, knowledge sharing, and global connectivity. With just a few clicks, we can access a wealth of information, connect with individuals across the globe, and immerse ourselves in virtual worlds that blur the lines between reality and the digital realm. The internet has disrupted traditional industries, given rise to new business models, and democratized access to knowledge like never before.Another groundbreaking invention that has left an indelible mark on our lives is the smartphone. This sleek, pocket-sized device has revolutionized how we communicate, navigate, and interact with the world around us. Smartphones have become our constant companions, providing us with instant access to information, entertainment, and social connections. They have transformed the way we capture and share moments, enabling us to document our lives in real-time and connect with others in ways that were once unimaginable.The field of medicine has also witnessed remarkable advancements, thanks to innovative technologies like medical imaging and bioengineering. Devices such as MRI scanners, CTscans, and genetic sequencing have opened new frontiers in diagnosing and treating diseases, paving the way for personalized medicine and targeted therapies. Prosthetic limbs and implantable devices have restored mobility and quality of life for countless individuals, pushing the boundaries of what was once considered science fiction.However, innovations are not solely confined to the realm of technology. Social and cultural movements have also left an indelible mark on our world. The fight for civil rights, gender equality, and LGBTQ+ rights has reshaped societal norms, challenging long-held prejudices and paving the way for a more inclusive and equitable society. These movements have sparked crucial conversations, ignited social change, and challenged us to confront our biases, reminding us that progress is not solely measured in technological advancements but also in our collective evolution towards empathy and understanding.As we look to the future, the pace of innovation shows no signs of slowing down. Emerging technologies like artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and renewable energy sources promise to revolutionize industries, tackle global challenges, and unlock new realms of possibility. However, with theseadvancements come ethical considerations and responsibilities that we must navigate with wisdom and foresight.In conclusion, the past century has witnessed a remarkable tapestry of inventions and innovations that have profoundly shaped our world. From the internet and smartphones to medical breakthroughs and social movements, these advancements have not only transformed our daily lives but have also challenged our perceptions of what is possible. As students of this rapidly evolving world, it is our duty to embrace these innovations with curiosity and critical thinking, while also recognizing the ethical implications and responsibilities that accompany such transformative power. Only by striking a delicate balance between technological progress and ethical considerations can we truly harness the potential of these inventions to create a better world for ourselves and future generations.。
高矿化度水样中微量铀的测定
高矿化度水样中微量铀的测定白静;赵梁;范芳丽;吴晓蕾;丁华杰;雷富安;田伟;秦芝;郭俊盛【摘要】With the development of nuclear power industry in our country, the needs for uranium will increase drastically. But as the uranium resource in uranium mines are very limited, much attention has been paid on the uranium recovery from other resources, such as sea water and high salinity brine. Accurate determination of uranium concentration is very important, if uranium recovery was performed on this complicate water. Trace uranium determination in high salinity brine, for instance, salt lake and intercrystalline bittern samples, was studied in present work by using ultraviolet fluorescence method. As the instrument is stable, the optimal conditions for uranium determination are found to be: pH = 2-12, added fluorescence-enhancing agent amount of 500 μL; to reduce the negative effect of impurity ions on uranium determination, both direct dilution and TBP extraction fluorescence methods are investigated. The procedure used for TBP extraction fluorescence method is confirmed by employing different solvents as TBP diluent, and the uranium recov-ery rate is determined to be 85%. Under the optimal conditions, both methods mentioned above were used for analyzing uranium concentration in salt lake and intercrystalline bittern samples. The obtained results were compared with those measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method. Good consistency among the results is founded, which clearly shows that the method can be used for uraniumdetermination in high salinity brine.%通过系统对比实验,建立了一种适合于盐湖水、晶间卤水等高矿化度液体样品中微量铀的测定方法——紫外荧光法.在确定仪器测量稳定性的基础上,给出紫外荧光法测定铀的最佳条件为样品pH=2～12,荧光增强剂用量为500μL.为减少杂质离子对铀测定的干扰,分别采用直接稀释荧光法及TBP萃取荧光法进行铀的测定,确定了TBP萃取荧光法测量高矿化度水样中微量铀的步骤,实验测得铀的萃取—反萃回收率约为85％.利用上述两种方法分析盐湖和晶间卤水样品中铀的质量浓度,所得结果与电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定结果无显著差别,说明该法可用于高矿化度水样中微量铀的测定.【期刊名称】《核化学与放射化学》【年(卷),期】2011(033)006【总页数】7页(P321-327)【关键词】微量铀;荧光法【作者】白静;赵梁;范芳丽;吴晓蕾;丁华杰;雷富安;田伟;秦芝;郭俊盛【作者单位】中国科学院近代物理研究所,甘肃兰州730000;中国科学院研究生院,北京100049;中国科学院研究生院,北京100049;中国科学院近代物理研究所,甘肃兰州730000;中国科学院近代物理研究所,甘肃兰州730000;中国科学院近代物理研究所,甘肃兰州730000;中国科学院近代物理研究所,甘肃兰州730000;中国科学院近代物理研究所,甘肃兰州730000;中国科学院近代物理研究所,甘肃兰州730000;中国科学院近代物理研究所,甘肃兰州730000【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TL212.5随着我国国民经济的迅速发展，对能源的需求与日俱增，我国对核能给予了越来越高的重视，核电发展方针已经由“适度发展”调整为“积极发展”。
新能源英文
power
Nuclear submarine
Nuclear power plant
Changes in energy consumption
Natural gas
Coal
the coal of 18th century
Natural gas
Oil
Solar
Energy
Oil
Coal
1920s-1960s
宇宙射线
8% 辐射剂
天 然 宇宙射线
日常消费
建 3% 筑 核医学
量不大
陆地射线 8%
辐
4%
射 医疗X光照射 陆地射线11%
材 料电
医 疗
器
辐
花岗岩
辐
射
核电站周围辐射剂量为0.01mSv/年
射
肺部透视一次辐射剂量为0.02mSv
拍一次胸片的照射剂量为0.12mSv
北京与欧洲之间乘飞机往返一次的辐射剂量为0.04毫希
Nuclear power is "the safest, cleanest and most cost-effective power resources "
structure of non-polluting energy
Nuclear energy is a doubleedged sword
Nuclear power in the new energy
大连理工大学 2011
Hydrogen bomb
The use of Nuclear nuclear energy weapons
Atomic bomb
Marine nuclear power Nuclear
中国的核应急白皮书(中英对照)
中国的核应急（中英对照白皮书2016）来源：国新办/英文巴士中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室The State Council Information Office of the People‘s Republic of China2016年1月January, 2016目录Contents前言Preface一、核能发展与核应急基本形势I. Current Situation of Nuclear Energy Development and Nuclear Emergency Preparedness二、核应急方针政策II. Guidelines and Policies for Nuclear Emergency Preparedness三、核应急―一案三制‖建设III. All-round Promotion of Nuclear Emergency Preparedness四、核应急能力建设与保持IV. Building and Maintenance of Nuclear Emergency Capabilities五、核事故应对处置主要措施V. Main Measures to Cope with Nuclear Accidents六、核应急演习演练、培训与公众沟通VI. Nuclear Emergency Preparedness Exercises, Drills, Training and Public Communication七、核应急科技创新VII. Scientific and Technological Innovations in Nuclear Emergency Preparedness八、核应急国际合作与交流VIII. International Cooperation and Exchanges in the Field of Nuclear Emergency Preparedness结束语Conclusion前言Preface原子的发现和核能的开发利用给人类社会发展带来新的动力，极大增强人类认识世界和改造世界的能力。
作文范文之新型能源英语作文
新型能源英语作文【篇一：新能源发电英语演讲比赛稿件】good morning. welcome to the lecture here today.i believe everybody may know or hear about nuclear power. regarded as a source of power, nuclear power is an important element of a diverse, clean energy and an important source of low-carbon electricity. increasing the amount of electricity generated by nuclear power is critical to move toward a more sustainable and securer energy in the future.according to statistics, nuclear power is the second largest source of domestic electricity in america, and the country is expanding nuclear power as a key energy source for long-term energy security. regardless of what the u.s. does, the world is increasingly turning to nuclear power as a low-carbon electricity source. all in all, nuclear power plays a significant role in cutting air pollution, and protecting national security.although nuclear power plays a growing role in meeting the world’s energy needs, nuclear power dangers will remain. the disastrous earthquake and tsunami in japan, which led to the nuclear accidents at the fukushima reactor, have brought safety to the forefront of the discussion on nuclear power. at the same time, terrorism is another threat to the development of nuclear power. once the nuclear power plant encounters terrorist attacks, the consequences would be disastrous. we have known for years that a nuclear accident anywhere is a nuclear accident everywhere, which leave us many inspirations and questions worthy of consideration: what is the trend for the development of nuclear power in the future, and how rational to carry on the utilization of nuclear power?we know that the nuclear accident in japan has raised questions about the development of nuclear power plant in countries around the world. some eu countries have announced the suspension of nuclear power facilities projects, particularly in germany, chancellor angela merkel intimated that germany would not prepare to establish nuclear power plants. it should be said, however, that every choice is both narrow and wide, so in nuclear power. we must recognize that there is no major energy source that can be exploited withoutrisk. as long as we prohibit the abuse of nuclear power, and improve security to make use of its favorable factors, nuclear power will take more active part in improving living conditions and the ecological environment rather than destroying our home.in my view, given the worlds fast-growing energy needs, nuclear power should be properly developed due to its specialty in energy shortage supplement and environmental pollution reduction. under the safe and security premise, site selection of nuclear power plant should be places away from the population centre and where there are few or no natural geological hazards, such as earthquakes. in the transition of energy utilization, nuclear power can assume a major role to supply the power generation, and its development can be constrained after the technology maturity of wind power, solar power and other new energy power generation.while working to encourage the peaceful use of nuclear power, we must seek the security of a world without nuclear weapons and a peaceful expansion of nuclear power. working cooperatively and with a shared sense of commitment and obligation, we can succeed in building a clean and safer energy future, and without this support, nuclear power will not be able to play the right kind of role which it can and should play in the global energy future. i look forward to working with all of you gathered here today to turn this vision into a reality, and ultimately leave our children with a stronger, bettercountry than when we found it.thank you and i’m happy to take some questions.【篇二：机械英语作文】mechanical engineeringmechanical engineering is the science of natural science and technology as the theoretical basis of technical production practice experience, research and address the development, design, manufacture, installation, use and repair of all machinery in the application of theoretical and practical issues disciplines. machinery of modern society, the five elements of production and services (people, capital, energy, materials and machinery) of, and participation in energy and materials production. any modern industrial and mechanical engineeringapplications are required, such as agriculture, forestry, mining and other necessary agricultural machinery, forestry machinery, mining equipment; metallurgy and chemical industry needs metallurgical machinery, chemical machinery; textiles and food processing industry requires, textile machinery, food processing machinery; housing construction and roads, bridges, water and other projects required construction machinery; power industry need to power machinery; transportation needs of various types of vehicles, ships, aircraft, etc.; the measurement of a variety of goods, packaging, storage and handling needs of the corresponding working machinery. is the peoples daily lives, more and more application of machinery, such as the crusher, cars, bicycles, sewing machines, watches, cameras, washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioners, vacuum cleaners, and so on.the development of various engineering mechanical engineering are required to have a corresponding development of mechanical engineering are required to provide the necessary machinery. some mechanical invention and improvement has led to new engineering technologies and the emergence of new industries and development, such as large power machinery manufacturing success, led to the establishment of the power system; locomotive and railway invention led to the rise of railway undertakings ; internal combustion engines, gas turbines, rocket engines of invention and progress as well as aircraft and spacecraft led to the successful development of aviation, aerospace engineering and aviation, the rise of the aerospace industry; high-pressure equipment (including compressors, reactors, sealing technology, etc.) development synthetic chemistry has led to many new projects success. mechanical engineering is increasing in all areas under the pressure of demand to gain traction, same time and from various disciplines and technological advances in improved and innovative capacity.as a school of mechanical engineering in college, i consider mechanical and automation is a very difficult profession, in our school curriculum is a lot of people complain about more difficult, but to learn the mechanical and automation on the premise that those specialized good understand, and then after a lot of practice learning opportunities, grasp, morehands, more brains, not to indulge in those old knowledge to learn to think more about your mind to think about thosethings usually do not ask the teacher to know more, four in the big three to take to participate in the internship, what the teacher does not know how to communicate as soon as possible and do not pressure in the heart, drawing, the physical, computer must learn learn these fine, hope that wecan learn this door is very difficult course, do not give away because of pressure of course!翻译：机械工程机械工程是以有关的自然科学和技术科学为理论基础，结合生产实践中的技术经验，研究和解决在开发、设计、制造、安装、运用和修理各种机械中的全部理论和实际问题的应用学科。
【中考英语 热点话题之强化训练】热点13 核能的利用(原卷版) (通用版)
热点13 核能的利用东北地区首个！辽宁红沿河核电站核能供暖项目正式供热2022年11月1日，辽宁红沿河核电站核能供暖示范项目正式投运供热，该项目是东北地区首个核能供暖项目，共惠及周边红沿河镇近两万居民。
红沿河核电站核能供暖示范项目以大连市瓦房店红沿河镇为试点，规划供热面积24.24万平米，最大供热负荷为12.77MW，利用红沿河核电站汽轮机抽汽作为热源，替代红沿河镇原有的12个燃煤锅炉房，实现红沿河镇清洁供暖。
项目新建一次管网近10公里，二次管网5.7公里，新建换热站4座。
据测算，该项目投产后每年将减少标煤消耗5726吨，减排二氧化碳1.41万吨、烟尘209余吨、二氧化硫60余吨、氮氧化物85余吨、灰渣2621吨，环保效益显著，将有效改善供暖区域大气环境，助力东北地区天更蓝。
红沿河核电站位于辽宁大连瓦房店市，是东北地区首座核电站和东北最大电力能源投资项目。
一期工程4台机组采用中国广核集团(简称中广核)具有自主知识产权的CPR1000核电技术，于2016年9月全部投产商运。
二期工程2台机组采用中广核全面升级的ACPR1000核电技术，2022年6月，红沿河核电站一、二期工程6台机组全面建成投产，成为国内在运装机容量最大的核电站。
红沿河核电站年度发电量可达480亿千瓦时，约占辽宁省全社会用电量的20%，能有效缓解东北地区阶段性电力短缺、稳定区域电力供应。
与同等规模燃煤电厂相比，等效于每年减少标煤消耗约1452万吨，减排二氧化碳约3993万吨，相当于种植10.8万公顷森林。
在安全稳定提供清洁电力的同时，红沿河核电主动创新、不断拓宽核能应用边界，积极研究推进周边社区核能供暖项目。
红沿河核电站核能供暖示范项目是东北地区清洁取暖的一项民生工程、民心工程。
红沿河核电将继续深入学习贯彻党的二十大精神，践行习近平生态文明思想，牢固树立“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念，深入打好蓝天保卫战，充分发挥清洁能源优势，保障核安全万无一失，为实现“双碳”目标、推进美丽中国建设作出更大贡献。
核电新时代NewEraofNuclearPowerP
●NucleaGru●Rainvge●●drson●Vg台●a★★lTl山●ehyree●
Power Station
●
核电站
广东陆丰 Guangdong
Lu大fe亚ng湾核电站Dayawan Nuclear Power Station 岭澳核电站一期Ling Ao Nuclear Power Station
Agency (IAEA)
至2020年
42700万千瓦
Till 2020
427,000MW
127座百万千瓦核 电站
127 Nuclear Power Plants of 100 MW
机组数量增加 Increase of Unit Quantity
国内形势Domestic Situation
至2020年全国电力装机增长
中广核集团核电项目分布图
CNPEC Project Distribution Map
运行核电站Nuclear
★
power stations in
operation
●
在建和批准开展前期工 作核电站
Construction-in-progress
nuclear power stations and
nuclear power stations that
power, now there are about 16 provinces, municipalities and autonomous
regions that are actively promoting the development of nuclear power projects.
The nuclear power development in China has entered the period of very rare
原子化能力 英语
原子化能力英语The Power of Atomization: Exploring the Capabilities of Atomic TechnologyThe concept of atomization has long captivated the human imagination, promising revolutionary advancements in various fields. From the development of nuclear energy to the intricate workings of nanotechnology, the ability to manipulate matter at the atomic scale has opened up a world of possibilities. This essay delves into the remarkable capabilities of atomic technology and its far-reaching implications for our future.At the heart of atomization lies the fundamental understanding of the structure and behavior of atoms. Atoms, the building blocks of all matter, are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons, each with their own unique properties and interactions. By harnessing the power of these subatomic particles, scientists and engineers have made remarkable strides in unlocking the potential of atomic technology.One of the most prominent applications of atomization is the generation of nuclear energy. The controlled fission or fusion ofatomic nuclei can release an enormous amount of energy, which can be harnessed to power entire cities and drive industrial processes. The development of nuclear reactors has revolutionized the way we produce and distribute electricity, providing a reliable and efficient alternative to traditional fossil fuel-based power generation. However, the responsible and safe management of nuclear waste remains a significant challenge that requires ongoing research and innovation.Beyond the realm of energy production, atomization has also found applications in the field of materials science. By manipulating atoms and molecules, scientists have been able to create materials with unprecedented strength, durability, and functionality. The advent of nanotechnology, for instance, has enabled the development of ultra-lightweight and highly conductive materials, paving the way for advancements in fields such as aerospace engineering, electronics, and medical technology.In the medical field, atomization has played a crucial role in the development of targeted drug delivery systems. By encapsulating drugs within nanoparticles or utilizing atomic-scale structures, researchers have been able to improve the bioavailability and efficacy of various therapeutic agents. This has led to more precise and personalized treatment options, reducing side effects and improving patient outcomes.The potential of atomization extends even further into the realm of quantum computing. By harnessing the unique properties of atoms and subatomic particles, such as their quantum states and entanglement, scientists are working towards the creation of quantum computers. These revolutionary devices promise to vastly outperform traditional computers in tasks such as cryptography, simulations, and complex problem-solving, potentially unlocking new frontiers in scientific research and technological innovation.However, the power of atomization is not without its challenges and ethical considerations. The development of nuclear weapons, for instance, has raised significant concerns about the responsible use of atomic technology and the need for strict international regulations and safeguards. Additionally, the potential environmental and health impacts of certain atomic-scale materials and processes must be carefully evaluated and addressed.As we continue to push the boundaries of what is possible with atomic technology, it is crucial that we approach these advancements with a combination of scientific rigor, ethical considerations, and a deep understanding of the societal implications. By doing so, we can harness the transformative power of atomization to improve the human condition, while also ensuring the responsible and sustainable development of these technologies.In conclusion, the power of atomization is a testament to the ingenuity and curiosity of the human mind. From the generation of clean energy to the creation of revolutionary materials and computing systems, the ability to manipulate matter at the atomic scale has opened up a world of possibilities. As we continue to explore and expand the frontiers of atomic technology, we must remain mindful of the ethical and environmental challenges that come with such immense power, ensuring that the benefits of atomization are shared equitably and responsibly across the globe.。
核发电英文介绍文章
核发电英文介绍Nuclear power generation is a kind of efficient and clean energy, with the advantages of safety, reliability and sustainability. With the increasing global energy demand, nuclear power generation is playing an increasingly important role in the energy structure. This paper will introduce the basic principles, advantages, development status and future trend of nuclear power generation.1. The rationale for nuclear power generationNuclear power generation is the principle of using nuclear energy into electric energy to generate electricity. Nuclear energy is the energy generated by the nuclear fusion or nuclear fission of protons and neutrons in the nucleus at high temperature and high pressure. The energy released during the nuclear reaction is converted into heat, which is then used by thermodynamics to convert heat into electricity.2. Advantages of nuclear power generationEfficient: Nuclear power generation is more efficient and can generate large amounts of electricity with less fuel.Clean: Nuclear power generation does not produce large amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, with relatively little impact on the environment.Sustainable: Nuclear power generation can provide a stable supply of electricity and can play an important role in cases of energy shortages.Safety: Nuclear power generation has taken strict safety measures to ensure the safety and reliability of the nuclear reaction process.3. The development status of nuclear power generationAt present, many countries and regions around the world have established nuclear power plants, including the United States, France, China and so on. Nuclear power generation has been widely used in these countries and has become an important part of the energy structure. At the same time, with the continuous progress of technology and the reduction of costs, the competitiveness of nuclear power generation hasgradually increased, which has become an important direction of future energy development.4. Future trends of nuclear power generationThe development of small nuclear power plants: small nuclear power plants have the advantages of flexibility and strong adaptability, which can meet the needs of different countries and regions. In the future, small nuclear power plants will become an important trend in the development of nuclear power generation.Research and development of new nuclear reactors: New nuclear reactors have higher safety and efficiency, and can better meet the future energy needs. At present, some countries and regions have begun developing new nuclear reactors and will be put into use in the future.The combination of nuclear energy and renewable energy: the combination of nuclear energy and renewable energy can give full play to their respective advantages, improve the energy utilization efficiency, and reduce the impact on the environment. In the future, the combination of nuclear energy and renewable energy will become an important way to use energy.Application of digital technology: The application of digital technology can improve the intelligent level of nuclear power plants, improve the operation efficiency and management level. In the future, digital technology will become an important trend in nuclear power plant development.In short, nuclear power generation, as an efficient and clean energy source, has broad development prospects. In the future, with the continuous progress of technology and the change of energy structure, nuclear power generation will play a more important role in the global energy structure.译文：核发电是一种高效、清洁的能源，具有安全、可靠、可持续等优点。
安全工程专业英语
安全工程专业英语作业Unite SixteenThe History of Nuclear Power Plant Safety Safety has been an important consideration from the very beginning of the development of nuclear reactors. On December 2 , 1942 ,when the first atomic reactor was brought to criticality, Enrico Fermi had already made safety an important part of the experiment. In addition to a shutoff rod, other emergency procedures for shutting down the pile were prepared in advance.Fermi also considered the safety aspects of reactor operation. Shortly before the reactor was expected to reach criticality, Fermi noted the mounting tension of the crew. To make sure that the operation was carried out in a calm and considered manner, he directed that experiment be shut down and that all adjourn fou lunch. With such leadership in safety at the very beginning, it is no wonder that the operation of reactions to date has such an impressive track record.译：从核反应堆发展的初期开始，安全始终被放在一个非常重要的方面。
上海外国语大学 2016 年硕士研究生入学考试二外英语
上海外国语大学 2016 年硕士研究生入学考试英语二外（自命题）试题（考试时间 180 分钟，满分 100 分，共 11 页）I. Grammar and Vocabulary (30%)Directions: From the four choices given, choose ONE to complete the sentence.Section A: Grammar (15%, @1%)1.In an hour, we can travel to places __________ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.A. whereB. whenC. whichD. what2.________ men have learned much from the behavior of animals isbarely new.A That B. Those C. What D. Whether3. It is reported that a series of meetings _____ held about the best way to market the new product.A. wasB. wereC. hasD. have4. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he himself.A. injuredB. had injuredC. would injureD. injure5. ________ for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now.A. Had it not beenB. It were notC. Weren’t itD. Had not it been6. Anyone, once ____ positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.A. to be testedB. being testedC. testedD. to test7. Hearing his words, I couldn’t decide _________ or remain.A. whether to go abroadB. if I go abroadC. if to go abroadD. to go abroad8. ----To build a factory is beneficial to the locals, but on the other hand, it will be not environmentally friendly.---- That’s_____ environmental protection organizations disagree.A. whatB. whereC. howD. which第1页共11页9. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used late for his lecture.A. to have studentsB. for students' beingC. for students to beD. to students' being10. I can’t meet you on Sunday. I’ll be ________ occupied.A. alsoB. justC. neverthelessD. otherwise11. They have eaten all the oranges on the table and ____ was left for me.A. noneB. nothingC. no oneD. not anything12. —May I go and play with Dick this afternoon，Mum?—No，you can’t go out________your work is being done.A. beforeB. untilC. asD. the moment13. Let’s not wait any longer, he might not ________ at all.A. turn overB. turn upC. used toD. turn down14. The car _______ halfway for no reason.A. broke offB. broke downC. broke upD. broke out15. Even as a girl, _____ to be her life, and theater audiences were to be her best teachers.A. performing by Melissa wereB.it was known that Melissa’s performances wereC.knowing that Melissa’s performances wereD.Melissa knew that performing wasSection B Vocabulary (15%, @1%)1. The ________ majority of citizens tend to believe that the death penalty will help decrease the crime rate.A. overflowingB. overwhelmingC. prevalentD. premium2.The two most important ________ in making a cake are flour and sugar.A. elementsB. componentsC. ingredientsD. constituents3. Cultural ________ indicates that human beings hand their languages down from one generation to another.A. translationB. transitionC. transmissionD. transaction4. No one knew that the apparently ________ businessman was really a criminal.A. respectiveB. respectableC. respectfulD. realistic5. If nothing is done to protect the environment, millions of spiders that are alive today will have become ________.A. deterioratedB. degeneratedC. suppressedD. extinct第2页共11页6.In his last years, Henry suffered from a disease that slowly ________ him of much of his sight.A. relievedB. jeopardizedC. deprivedD. eliminated7. Because of the ________ of its ideas, the book was in wide circulation both at home and abroad.A. originalityB. subjectivityC. generalityD. ambiguity8.My sister is quite ________ and plans to get an M. A. degree within one year.A.aggressiveB. enthusiasticC. considerateD. ambitious9.The manager tried to wave aside these issues as ________ details that would be settled later.A. versatileB. trivialC. preliminaryD. alternate10. With its own parliament and currency and a common ________ for peace, the European Union declared itself—in 11 official languages—openfor business.A. inspirationB. assimilationC. intuitionD. aspiration11. As one of the youngest professors in the university, Miss King is certainly on the ________ of a brilliant career.A. thresholdB. edgeC. porchD. course12. Mainstream pro-market economists all agree that competition is an________ spur to efficiency and innovation.A. extravagantB. exquisiteC. intermittentD. indispensable13. In the late 19th century, Jules Verne, the master of science fiction,foresaw many of the technological wonders that are ________ today.A. transientB. commonplaceC. implicitD. elementary14. The advance of globalization is challenging some of our most ________ values and ideas, including our idea of what constitutes “home”.A. enrichedB. enlightenedC. cherishedD. chartered15. Researchers have discovered that ________ with animals in an active way may lower a person’s blood pressure.A. interactingB. integratingC. migratingD. mergingII. Cloze Test (15%, @1%)Directions: Fill in each blank of the following passage with an appropriate word.Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 1 to how they can best 2 such changes. Growing bodies need第3页共11页movement and exercise, but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 3 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of newintellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 4 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 5 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 6to plan activities inwhich thereare more winners thanlosers, 7 ,publishing newsletters with many student written book reviews, displaying student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of smallclubs can provide 8 opportunities for leadership,aswell as forpracticein successful 9 dynamics. Making friends is extremelyimportant to teenagers, and many shy students need the 10 of somekind of organization with a s upportive adult 11 visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that young teens have short attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 12 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to something else without feeling guilty and without letting the otherparticipants 13. This does not mean thatadults must acceptirresponsibility. 14 , they can help students acquire a senseofcommitment by planning for roles that are within their 15 and their attention spans and by shavings clearly stated rules.1. A. thought B. idea C. opinion D. advice2. A. strengthen B. accommodate C. stimulate D. enhance3. A. If B. Although C. Whereas D. Because4. A. assistance B. guidance C. confidence D. tolerance5. A. claimed B. admired C. ignored D. surpassed6. A. improper B. risky C. fair D. wise7.A. in effect B. as a result C. for example D. in a sense8.A. durable B. excessive C. surplus D. multiple9. A. group B. individual C. personnel D. corporation10. A. consent B. insurance C. admission D. security11. A. particularly B. barely C. definitely D. rarely12. A. if only B. now that C. so that D. even if13. A. off B. down C. out D. alone14. A. On the contrary B. On the averageC. On the wholeD. On the other hand15. A. capabilities B. responsibilities C. proficiency D. efficiencyIII. Reading Comprehension (30%, @1.5%)Directions: Read the following passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question.Passage 1In the early days of nuclear power, the United States made money on it. But today opponents have so complicated its development that no nuclear plants have been ordered or built here in 12 years.The greatest fear of nuclear power opponents has always been a reactor "meltdown". Today, the chances of a meltdown that would threaten U. S. public health are very little. But to even further reduce the possibility, engineers are testing new reactors that rely not on human judgment to shut them down but on the laws of nature. Now General Electric is already building two advanced reactors in Japan. But don't expect them even on U. S. shores unless things change in Washington.The procedure for licensing nuclear power plants is a bad dream. Any time during, or even after, construction,an objection by any group or individual can bring everything to a halt while the matter is investigated or taken to court. Meanwhile, the builder must add nice-but-not-necessary improvements, some of which force him to knock down walls and start over. In every case when a plant has been opposed, the Nuclear Regulation Commission has ultimately granted a license to construct or operate. But the victory often costs so much that the utility ends up abandoning the plant anyway.A case in point is the Shoreham plant on New York's Long Island. Shoreham was a virtual twin to the Millstone plant in Connecticut, both ordered in the mid-60's. Millstone, completed for $ 101 million, has been generating electricity for two decades. Shoreham, however, was singled out by antinuclear activists who, by sending in endless protests, drove the cost over $ 5 billion and delayed its use for many years.Shoreham finally won its operation license. But the plant has never produced a watt power. Governor Mario Cuomo, an opponent of a Shoreham start up, used his power to force New York's public-utilities commission to accept the following settlement: the power company could pass the cost of Shoreham along to its consumers only if it agreed not to operate the plant. Today, a perfectly good facility, capable of servicing hundreds of thousands第5页共11页of homes, sits rusting.1.The author's attitude toward the development of nuclear power is______.A. negativeB.neutralC. positiveD.questioning2.What has made the procedure for licensing nuclear power plants a bad dream?A.The inefficiency of the Nuclear Regulation Commission.B.The enormous cost of construction and operation.C.The length of time it takes to make investigations.D.The objection of the opponents of nuclear power.3.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that______.A.there are not enough safety measures in the U. S. for running new nuclear power plantsB.it is not technical difficulties that prevent the building of nuclear power plants in the U.S.C.there are already more nuclear power plants than necessary in the U. S.D.the American government will not allow Japanese nuclear reactors to be installed in the U. S.ernor Mario Cuomo's chief intention in proposing the settlement was to_______.A. stop the Shoreham plant from going into operationB. urge the power company to further increase its power supplyC.permit the Shoreham plant to operate under certain conditions D.help the power company to solve its financial problems5.The phrase "single out" is closest in meaning to_______.A. delayB. end upC. completeD. separatePassage 2Two hours from the tall buildings of Manhattan and Philadelphia live some of the world’s largest black bears. They are in northern Pennsylvania’s Pocono Mountains, a home they share with an abundance of other wildlife.The streams, lakes, meadows, mountain ridges and forests that make the Poconos an ideal place for black bears have also attracted more people to the region. Open spaces are threatened by plans for housing estates and important habitats are endangered by highway construction. To protect the Poconos natural beauty from irresponsible development, the Nature第6页共11页Conservancy named the area one of America’s “Last Great Places”.Operating out of a century-old schoolhouse in the village of Long Pond, Pennsylvania, the conservancy’s bud Cook is working with local people and business leaders to balance economic growth with environmental protection. By forging partnerships with people like Francis Altemose, the Conservancy has been able to protect more than 14,000 acres of environmentally important land in the area.Altemose’s family has farme d in the Pocono area for generations. Two years ago Francis worked with the Conservancy to include his farm in a county farmland protection program. As a result, his family’s land can be protected from development and the Altemoses will be better able to provide a secure financial future for their 7-year-old grandson.Cook attributes the Conservancy’s success in the Poconos to having a local presence and a commitment to working with local residents “The key to protecting these remarkable lands is connecti ng with the local community,” Cook said. “The people who live there respect the land. They value quiet forests, clear streams and abundant wildlife. They are eager to help with conservation effort.For more information on how you can help the Nature Conservancy protect the Poconos and the world’s other “Last Great Places,” please call1-888-564 6864 or visit us on the World Wide Web at .6.The purpose in naming the Poconos as one of America’s “Last Great Places” is to ________.A. gain support from the local communityB.protect it from irresponsible development C.make it a better home for black bearsD. provide financial security for future generations7.We learn from the passage that ________.A.the population in the Pocono area is growingB.wildlife in the Pocono area is dying out rapidlyC.the security of the Pocono residents is being threatenedD.farmlands in the Pocono area are shrinking fast8. What is important in protecting the Poconos according to Cook?A.The setting up of an environmental protection websiteB.Support from organizations like The Nature ConservancyC.Cooperation with the local residents and business leadersD.Inclusion of farmlands in the region’s protection program第7 页共11 页9.What does Bud Cook mean by “having a local presence” (Line 1, Para. 5)?A. Financial contributions from local business leadersB.Consideration of the interests of the local residentsC. The establishment of a wildlife protection foundation in the areaD. The setting up of a local Nature Conservancy branch in the Pocono area10.The passage most probably is ________.A.an official documentB.a news storyC.an advertisementD. a research reportPassage 3Once it was possible to define male and female roles easily by the division of labor. Men worked outside the home and earned the income to support their families, while women cooked the meals and took care of the home and the children. These roles were firmly fixed for most people, and there was not much opportunity for women to exchange their roles. But by the middle of this century, men’s and women’s roles were becoming less firmly fixed.In the 1950s, economic and social success was the goal of the typical American. But in the 1960s a new force developed called the counterculture. The people involved in this movement did not value the middle-class American goals. The counterculture presented men and women with new role choices. Taking more interest in childcare, men began to share child-raising tasks with their wives. In fact, some young men and women moved to communal homes or farms where the economic and childcare responsibilities were shared equally by both sexes. In addition, many Americans did not value the traditional male role of soldier. Some young men refused to be drafted as soldiers to fight in the war in Vietnam.In terms of numbers, the counterculture was not a very large group of people. But its influence spread to many parts of American society. Working men of all classes began to change their economic and social patterns. Industrial workers and business executives alike cut down on “overtime” work so that they could spend more leisure time with their families. Some doctors, lawyers, and teachers turned away from high paying situations to practice their professions in poorer neighborhoods.In the 1970s, the feminist movement, or women’s liberation, produced第8页共11页additional economic and social changes. Women of all ages and at all levels of society were entering the work force in greater numbers. Most of them still took traditional women’s jobs as public school teaching, nursing, and secretarial work. But some women began to enter traditionally male occupations: police work, banking, dentistry, and construction work. Women were asking for equal work, and equal opportunities for promotion.Today the experts generally agree that important changes are taking place in the roles of men and women. Naturally, there are difficulties in adjusting to these transformations.11.Which of the following best express the main idea of Paragraph 1?A. Women usually worked outside the home for wages.B. Men and women’s roles were easily exchanged in the past.C.Men’s roles at home were more firmly fixed than women’s.D. Men and women’s roles were usually quite separated in the past.12.Which sentence best expresses the main idea of Paragraph 2?A. The first sentence.B. The second and the third sentences.C. The fourth sentence.D. The last sentence.13. In the passage the author proposes that the counterculture___.A. destroyed the United States.B. transformed some American values.C.was not important in the United States.D.brought people more leisure time with their families.14. It could be inferred from the passage that___.A.men and women will never share the same goals.B.some men will be willing to exchange their traditional male roles.C.most men will be happy to share some of the household responsibilities with their wives.D.more American households are headed by women than ever before.15. The best title for the passage may be ___.A.Results of Feminist Movements.B.New influence in American Life.C.Counterculture and Its consequence.D.Traditional Division of Male and Female Roles.Passage 4What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science? We all know that science plays第9页共11页an important role in the societies in which we live. Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first of these is the application of the machines, products and systems of applied knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. Through technology, science improves the structure of society and helps man to gain increasing control over his environment.The second aspect is the application by all members of society of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is full of curiosity - he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually directs his attention towards problems which he notices have no satisfactory explanation, and his curiosity makes him look for underlying relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and applies logical thought to the observations he makes. He utilizes the facts he observes to the fullest extent. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum.He is skeptical - he does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available - and therefore rejects authority as the sole basis for truth. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively to verify them.Furthermore, he is not only critical of the work of others, but also of his own, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.Lastly, he is highly imaginative since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to make hypotheses of how processes work and how events take place.These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.16. Many people believe that science helps society to progress throughA. applied knowledge.B. more than one aspect.C. technology only.D. the use of machines.17.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about curiosity?第10 页共11 页A.It gives the scientist confidence and pleasure in work.B.It gives rise to interest in problems that are unexplained.C.It leads to efforts to investigate potential connections.D.It encourages the scientist to look for new ways of acting. 18.According to the passage, a successful scientist would notA.easily believe in unchecked statements.B.easily criticize others' research work.C.always use his imagination in work.D.always use evidence from observation. 19.What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Application of technology.B. Progress in modem society.C.Scientists' ways of thinking and acting.D.How to become a successful scientist.20. What is the author's attitude towards the topic?A. Critical.B. Objective.C. Biased.D. Unclear.IV. Writing (25%):Please write an essay of no less than 150 words on the title of “My View on Independence and Self-reliance”. The following statements are for your reference.1.God helps those who help themselves.2.Everyman is the architect of his own fortune.You are to write in three parts.In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is.In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your opinion.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, language and organization.第11页共11页。
国务院新闻办公室文件：中国的核应急（双语2）
I.Current Situation of Nuclear EnergyDevelopment and Nuclear EmergencyPreparedness ⼀、核能发展与核应急基本形势 It was in the mid-1950s that China embarked on itsnuclear industry. Over the past more than sixdecades China has made constant endeavors in thepeaceful use of nuclear energy by promoting theextensive application of nuclear technologies tosuch areas as industry, agriculture, medicine, theenvironment and energy. In particular, since theintroduction of the reform and opening-up policies in late 1978 China’s nuclear energy sectorhas seen particularly rapid development. 20世纪50年代中期，中国创建核⼯业。
60多年来，中国致⼒于和平利⽤核能事业，发展推动核技术在⼯业、农业、医学、环境、能源等领域⼴泛应⽤。
特别是改⾰开放以来，中国核能事业得到更⼤发展。
The development of nuclear power constitutes an important component of China’s nuclearenergy sector. Nuclear power is a clean, efficient and quality modern energy source. Chinahas consistently adhered to the principle of placing equal emphasis on development andsafety, and implemented the policy of developing nuclear power in a safe and efficient mannerby adopting the most advanced technology and most stringent standards. In March 1985construction started on the Qinshan Nuclear Power Station, the first of its kind in the mainlandof China. As of the end of October 2015, in the mainland of China 27 nuclear generating unitshad been in operation, with a total installed capacity of 25.50 GWe, and another 25 nucleargenerating units with a total installed capacity of 27.51 GWe had been under construction.China has already developed its large-sized advanced Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) andHigh Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR) technologies with proprietary intellectualproperty rights. Constructionof the HPR1000 technology pilot project has already commenced.The China Experimental Fast Reactor (CEFR) has achieved full power operation over 72 hours,signifying that China has already mastered the core technology associated with fast reactors. 发展核电是中国核能事业的重要组成部分。
发展核电站英语作文
发展核电站英语作文The Development of Nuclear Power Plants。
In recent years, the development of nuclear power plants has garnered significant attention worldwide due to its potential as a clean and efficient energy source. Nuclear power, derived from the controlled release of nuclear energy, has been hailed by many as a viablesolution to combat climate change and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. This essay will explore the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power plants, as well as the current status and future prospects of their development.Advantages of Nuclear Power Plants。
One of the primary advantages of nuclear power plants is their ability to generate large amounts of electricity with minimal greenhouse gas emissions. Unlike fossil fuels, such as coal and natural gas, which release carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere when burned,nuclear power plants produce electricity through nuclear fission, a process that does not emit greenhouse gases. This makes nuclear power a cleaner alternative totraditional forms of energy generation and can helpmitigate the effects of climate change.Furthermore, nuclear power plants have a high energy density, meaning they can produce a significant amount of electricity using relatively small amounts of fuel. This makes nuclear power a cost-effective option for meeting the energy needs of a growing population, particularly in regions with limited access to other sources of energy.Additionally, nuclear power plants provide a reliable source of baseload electricity, meaning they can operate continuously to meet the constant demand for power. Unlike renewable energy sources like wind and solar, which are dependent on weather conditions, nuclear power plants can generate electricity consistently, ensuring a stable supply of energy to consumers.Disadvantages of Nuclear Power Plants。
彭士禄英语作文
彭士禄：中国核电事业的先驱In the annals of Chinese nuclear power, one name stands out above the rest: Pu Chengyu. A pioneer in the field, Pu Chengyu's contributions to China's nuclear industry are immeasurable. His dedication, innovation, and perseverance have left a lasting impact on the development of nuclear power in China.Born in 1929, Pu Chengyu had a keen interest in science and technology from a young age. After graduating from university, he was recruited by the Chinese government to work on the country's fledgling nuclear program. This marked the beginning of a journey that would span decades and change the face of China's nuclear industry forever.Pu Chengyu's early work involved the research and development of nuclear reactors. His team faced numerous challenges, including limited resources, technical difficulties, and international pressure. However, Pu Chengyu's unwavering commitment to the cause saw them through these tough times. His innovative thinking and meticulous planning led to breakthroughs in reactor designand operation, laying the foundation for China's nuclear power program.One of Pu Chengyu's most significant achievements washis role in the development of China's first commercial nuclear power plant, the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant. Asthe chief engineer, he oversaw the entire project, ensuring its safe and efficient operation. The success of thisproject marked a major milestone in China's nuclear power history and established Pu Chengyu as a legend in the field. Pu Chengyu's contributions to nuclear power did not end there. He went on to lead several other key projects, including the construction of the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant and the expansion of China's nuclear fuel cycle capabilities. His leadership and expertise wereinstrumental in the safe and reliable operation of these facilities, ensuring that China's nuclear power program remained on track.Beyond his professional achievements, Pu Chengyu wasalso known for his dedication to the cause of nuclear power. He believed strongly in the potential of nuclear energy to power China's economic growth and improve people's lives.His passion and commitment to this cause inspired generations of scientists and engineers to follow in his footsteps and contribute to China's nuclear power program.In recognition of his outstanding contributions, Pu Chengyu was awarded numerous honors and accolades,including the National Science and Technology Award and the Medal of the Republic. However, he remained humble and focused on his work, always looking for new ways to improve and innovate in the field of nuclear power.In conclusion, Pu Chengyu's legacy in China's nuclear industry is unparalleled. His dedication, innovation, and perseverance have not only transformed China's nuclearpower program but have also inspired countless individualsto pursue scientific and technological careers. His contributions will forever be remembered and celebrated in the annals of Chinese nuclear power.**彭士禄：中国核电事业的先驱**在中国核电事业的史册上，一个名字熠熠生辉：彭士禄。
我了解的邓稼先作文
Title: Understanding Deng Jiaxian: A Giant Among MenDeng Jiaxian, a household name in China and a global icon in the field of nuclear science, stands tall in the pantheon of great minds. His life and contributions are not just a testament to his brilliant intellect but also a powerful reminder of the impact one individual can have on the course of history.Born in a scholarly family, Deng Jiaxian was exposed to the world of knowledge from a young age. His early education nurtured a keen interest in physics, which later blossomed into a passion for nuclear research. He pursued his studies abroad, honing his skills and gaining invaluable experience that would later serve as the foundation for his remarkable achievements.Upon his return to China, Deng Jiaxian threw himself into the nascent nuclear program with unwavering dedication and enthusiasm. He understood the strategic importance of nuclear science and technology in the context of the Cold War and the nation's need for self-reliance. His commitment to this cause was unwavering, and he led his team with a steely determination to overcome all obstacles.Deng Jiaxian's contributions to China's nuclear program are legendary. He played a pivotal role in the development of nuclear weapons, ensuring that China joined the nuclear-armednations with a credible deterrent. His expertise and leadership were crucial in overcoming the technological challenges faced by the nascent program. His dedication and perseverance inspired generations of scientists and researchers to follow in his footsteps.However, Deng Jiaxian's greatness lies not just in his scientific achievements but also in his character and values. He was a man of integrity and humility, who always put the interests of the nation above his own. He was known for his modesty and reluctance to seek personal glory, preferring to let his work speak for itself. His unwavering commitment to scientific truth and his unselfish dedication to the welfare of the nation made him a role model for generations of Chinese citizens.The impact of Deng Jiaxian's work is immeasurable. His contributions not only strengthened China's national security but also elevated the country's standing in the global scientific community. His achievements are a source of national pride and inspiration for the Chinese people. His legacy lives on in the institutions and programs he helped establish, and in the countless lives he touched through his work and example.Moreover, Deng Jiaxian's life and work serve as a powerfulreminder of the importance of science and technology in national development. His story is a testament to the transformative power of knowledge and the critical role that scientists and researchers play in shaping the future of their nations.In conclusion, Deng Jiaxian was not just a brilliant scientist but also a patriot and a humanitarian. His life and work are an inspiration to all who seek to make a positive impact on the world through their knowledge and skills. His legacy will continue to inspire future generations of Chinese and global citizens, reminding us all of the power of knowledge and the importance of serving the greater good. Deng Jiaxian's story is not just a chapter in the history of nuclear science or Chinese development; it is a universal tale of dedication, perseverance, and the pursuit of excellence that resonates with people of all backgrounds and nations.As we reflect on Deng Jiaxian's life and achievements, it is important to remember that he was a man of his times, shaped by the historical context and challenges of his era. His work was not without controversy or criticism, but his unwavering commitment to his beliefs and the welfare of his nation set him apart as a true leader and visionary.Deng Jiaxian's legacy is not just about nuclear weapons or scientific breakthroughs; it is about the spirit of innovation, dedication, and patriotism that he embodied. His life is a reminder that every individual, regardless of their field or station, has the potential to make a significant impact on the world. Through his example, Deng Jiaxian has shown us that with hard work, perseverance, and a commitment to the greater good, we can all achieve greatness.In conclusion, Deng Jiaxian stands as a giant among men, a beacon of inspiration and hope for generations to come. His life and work are a testament to the power of human intellect and will, and a reminder of the important role that individuals play in shaping the course of history. As we honor his memory and celebrate his achievements, let us also draw inspiration from his life and strive to make our own contributions to the world, in whatever field or capacity we find ourselves.。
探索新能源英语作文
探索新能源英语作文Exploring New Energy SourcesThe world is facing an unprecedented challenge in meeting the growing energy demands of a rapidly expanding global population. As traditional fossil fuels continue to deplete and their environmental impact becomes increasingly concerning, the search for alternative, sustainable energy sources has become a pressing priority. In this essay, we will delve into the exploration of new energy sources, examining their potential, challenges, and the promising future they hold.One of the most promising areas of new energy exploration is renewable energy. Solar power, wind energy, and hydroelectric power have gained significant traction in recent years, with advancements in technology and increasing cost-effectiveness making them viable alternatives to fossil fuels. Solar panels, for instance, have become more efficient and affordable, allowing for widespread adoption in both residential and commercial settings. Wind turbines, once seen as a niche technology, now dot the landscapes of many countries, generating clean, renewable electricity. Hydroelectric power, harnessing the power of flowing water, has alsoproven to be a reliable and environmentally friendly energy source.Another area of exploration is in the realm of biofuels. Biofuels, derived from organic materials such as agricultural waste, algae, and dedicated energy crops, offer the potential to reduce our reliance on traditional petroleum-based fuels. The development of advanced biofuel technologies has led to the production of fuels that can be used in existing transportation infrastructure, making the transition to sustainable energy sources more seamless. Additionally, the use of biofuels can help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to a more sustainable future.Nuclear energy, long a controversial topic, has also gained renewed attention as a potential new energy source. While the risks and safety concerns associated with nuclear power cannot be ignored, recent advancements in reactor design and waste management have made it a more viable option. Small modular reactors, for instance, offer a compact and scalable solution that can be deployed in a wide range of settings, potentially addressing the concerns of both energy security and environmental impact.Geothermal energy, which taps into the natural heat stored within the Earth's crust, is another area of exploration. This renewable energy source has the potential to provide a stable and reliable source of electricity, particularly in regions with high geothermalactivity. As technology continues to improve, the ability to access and harness geothermal resources in a wider range of environments is becoming more feasible.Hydrogen fuel cells, which convert hydrogen into electricity, have also emerged as a promising new energy solution. Hydrogen, when produced using renewable energy sources, can be a clean and efficient means of powering a variety of applications, from transportation to stationary power generation. The development of hydrogen infrastructure, including storage and distribution networks, is a key challenge that is being addressed through ongoing research and investment.The exploration of new energy sources is not without its challenges. Issues such as scalability, cost-effectiveness, and integration with existing infrastructure must be carefully navigated. Regulatory frameworks and policy support also play a crucial role in enabling the widespread adoption of these new technologies. Overcoming these hurdles will require a concerted effort from governments, industry, and the scientific community, working together to drive innovation and overcome the barriers to implementation.Despite the challenges, the exploration of new energy sources holds immense promise for the future. By diversifying our energy mix and reducing our reliance on fossil fuels, we can work towards a moresustainable and resilient global energy system. The environmental benefits of these new energy sources, such as reduced greenhouse gas emissions and improved air quality, are also significant, contributing to a healthier planet for generations to come.In conclusion, the exploration of new energy sources is a crucial endeavor that will shape the future of our global energy landscape. From renewable energy to advanced biofuels and nuclear power, the possibilities are vast and exciting. By embracing innovation, addressing the challenges, and fostering collaborative efforts, we can unlock the potential of these new energy sources and pave the way for a more sustainable and prosperous future.。
关于原子能的英语作文
As a high school student deeply fascinated by the world of science, I have always been intrigued by the power of the atom. The concept of harnessing the energy contained within the nucleus of an atom is nothing short of miraculous. Atomic energy, or nuclear power, has the potential to revolutionize the way we think about energy production and consumption.My journey into understanding atomic energy began with a simple curiosity about the stars. I wondered how they could burn for billions of years without running out of fuel. This led me to learn about nuclear fusion, the process that powers the sun and stars, where hydrogen atoms combine to form helium, releasing a tremendous amount of energy in the process. The realization that such a process could be replicated on Earth to generate power was mindblowing.In school, we studied the history of atomic energy, starting from the discovery of radioactivity by Henri Becquerel, to the groundbreaking work of Marie Curie, and the development of the atomic bomb during World War II by scientists like J. Robert Oppenheimer. These historical events were pivotal in shaping the narrative of atomic energy, highlighting both its destructive and constructive potentials.The peaceful use of atomic energy took center stage with the construction of the first nuclear power plant in Obninsk, Russia, in 1954. This marked the beginning of nuclear power as a viable source of electricity. I was amazed to learn that nuclear power plants produce energy through a process called nuclear fission, where the nucleus of an atom is split into smaller parts, releasing energy. This is different from fusion, but equallyimpressive.However, the benefits of nuclear power are not without controversy. The Chernobyl disaster in 1986 and the Fukushima incident in 2011 raised serious concerns about the safety of nuclear energy. These events taught me that while nuclear power can provide a significant amount of energy, it also comes with the risk of catastrophic failures if not managed properly.Despite the risks, the advantages of nuclear power are compelling. It is a clean energy source, producing minimal greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuels. This is crucial in our fight against climate change. Moreover, nuclear power is highly efficient, as a small amount of nuclear fuel can produce a large amount of energy. This efficiency is particularly attractive in a world where energy demand is everincreasing.My interest in atomic energy also led me to explore the concept of nuclear fusion, which is considered the holy grail of energy production. Fusion has the potential to provide a nearly limitless supply of energy with even fewer emissions than nuclear fission. Scientists around the world are working tirelessly to make controlled fusion a reality, and breakthroughs like the experiments at ITER in France give me hope for a sustainable energy future.In conclusion, atomic energy is a complex and powerful force that has the potential to shape our world in profound ways. As a high school student, I am excited about the possibilities it presents and the role it may play in my future career. Whether its through the continued development of nuclear fission power plants or the pursuit of fusion, atomic energy is a field that Iwill undoubtedly follow with great interest. The prospect of contributing to a cleaner, more efficient energy future is a driving force in my pursuit of knowledge in this fascinating field.。
网民,英语作文
网民,英语作文篇一：英语作文翻译2013年12月第二套翻译中国结(the Chinese knot)最初是由手工艺人发明的，经过数百年不断的改进，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。
在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要用于装饰的目的。
“结”在中文里意味着爱情、婚姻和团聚。
中国结常常作为礼物交换或用作饰品祈求好运和避邪。
这种形式的手工艺(handicn疵)代代相传，现在已经在中国和世界各地越来越受欢迎。
The Chinese knot. originally invented by the craftsmen, has become an elegant and colorful art and craft over hundreds of years' improvement. In ancient times, it was used to record events, but nowadays it is mainly functioning as decoration. "Knotsignifies love, marriage and reunion in Chinese. Often used as gift exchange and decoration, Chinese knot is believed to bring good luck as well as ward off evil spirits. The handicraft has been passed down from one generation to another and now enjoys more and more popularity both at home and abroad.2014年6月第二套中国应进一步发展核能，因为核电目前只占其总发电量的2％。
该比例在所有核国家中居第30位，几乎是最低的。