考研英语传统阅读
考研英语阅读真题翻译2001-2010
在过去的25年英语报纸所发生的变化中，影响最深远的可能就是它们对艺术方面的报道在范围上毫无疑问的缩小了，而且这些报道的严肃程度也绝对降低了。
对于年龄低于40岁的普通读者来讲，让他们想象一下当年可以在许多大城市报纸上读到精品的文艺评论简直几乎是天方夜谭。
然而，在20世纪出版的最重要的文艺评论集中，人们读到的大部分评论文章都是从报纸上收集而来。
现在，如果读到这些集子，人们肯定会惊诧，当年这般渊博深奥的内容竟然被认为适合发表在大众日报中。
从20世纪早期到二战以前，当时的英国报纸上的评论主题广泛，包罗万象，我们现在离此类报纸评论越来越远。
当时的报纸极其便宜，人们把高雅时尚的文艺批评当作是所刊登报纸的一个亮点。
在那些遥远的年代，各大报刊的评论家们都会不遗余力地详尽报道他们所报道的事情，这在当时被视为是理所当然的事情。
他们的写作是件严肃的事情，人们相信：甚至那些博学低调不喜欢炫耀的评论家，比如George Bernard Shaw和Ernest Newman也知道自己在做什么（即他们的文章会高调出现在报纸上）。
这些批评家们相信报刊评论是一项职业，并且对于他们的文章能够在报纸上发表感到很自豪。
“鉴于几乎没有作家能拥有足够的智慧或文学天赋以保证他们在新闻报纸写作中站稳脚跟”，Newman曾写道，“我倾向于把‘新闻写作’定义为不受读者欢迎的作家用来嘲讽受读者欢迎的作家的一个‘轻蔑之词’”不幸的是，这些批评家们现在实际上已被人们遗忘。
从1917年开始一直到1975年去世不久前还在为曼彻斯特《卫报》写文章的Neville Cardus，如今仅仅作为一个撰写关于板球比赛文章的作家被人们所知。
但是，在他的一生当中，他也是英国首屈一指的古典音乐评论家之一。
他也是一位深受读者青睐的文体家，所以1947年他的《自传》一书就成为热销读物。
1967年他被授予爵士称号，也是第一位获此殊荣的音乐评论家。
然而，他的书现在只有一本可以在市面上买到。
2018考研英语一阅读text4
题目：2018考研英语一阅读text4内容：1. 文章标题为《烹饪变革》，主要讨论了美食产业中厨师角色的变化以及对厨师素质的要求。
2. 文章提到了传统厨师的形象和责任，并且对现代厨师的素质进行了对比。
3. 作者分析了现代美食产业的发展趋势，并就新型厨师应具备的技能和品质提出了自己的见解。
开篇：2018考研英语一阅读text4《烹饪变革》述及了美食产业中厨师角色的变化和现代厨师素质的要求。
在这个快节奏发展的时代，厨师角色的变迁是不可避免的，而对于新型厨师的要求也随之发生了改变。
接下来将对此文进行全面解读。
1. 传统厨师的形象和责任传统的厨师形象往往是在厨房里忙碌的身影，他们擅长烹饪各类传统菜肴，对于食材的选用和处理也有着丰富的经验。
在过去，厨师更多地是扮演着传统烹饪技艺的传承者和实践者，他们所做的菜品更多地是为了满足人们的口腹之欲，而非在意菜品的营养和健康。
2. 现代厨师的素质要求而随着时代的变迁，美食产业也在不断地推陈出新，对于厨师的要求也随之发生了转变。
在这篇文章中，作者提到现代厨师不仅需要具备传统的烹饪技艺，还需要了解营养学、食品安全等知识，进而为顾客提供更加健康、美味的菜肴。
现代厨师还应具备创新精神和团队合作能力，能够根据市场需求不断推陈出新，创造出更具特色的菜品。
3. 现代美食产业的发展趋势随着人们生活水平的提高和消费观念的不断变化，现代餐饮业也在不断地向着多元化和健康化的方向发展。
而这一切都离不开现代厨师的努力和付出。
现代厨师需要不断提升自己的综合素质，才能适应这种发展趋势。
4. 新型厨师应具备的技能和品质在这篇文章中，作者还就新型厨师应具备的技能和品质提出了自己的见解。
他认为，新型厨师不仅需要懂得烹饪技艺，还需要了解食品安全、营养学等相关知识，以及具备创新意识和团队合作精神。
只有具备了这些素质，才能适应现代美食产业的发展需求。
结尾：2018考研英语一阅读text4《烹饪变革》一文对现代厨师的要求进行了全面的阐述，反映了美食产业中厨师角色的转变以及对新型厨师的要求。
2023考研英语：各题型答题时间分配技巧
2023考研英语：各题型答题时间分配技巧2023考研英语：各题型答题时间分配技巧考研英语总时长为180分钟，建议大家按照以下时间划分来完成各局部考题，下面是关于各题型答题时间分配，同学们在日常的英语复习中可以进展模拟演练。
1、考研英语完型填空：15-20分钟 (10分)2、考研英语阅读理解：110-115分钟 (分值：60分，Part A为40分，其余各占10分)Part A：传统阅读理解 70-75分钟(考试重点)Part B：新题型 20分钟Part C：翻译 20-25分钟3、考研英语作文：50分钟 (30分)(考试重点)Part A：小作文 15分钟Part B：大作文 35分钟考研英语作文答题时间应该控制在50分钟之内。
第一篇小作文15分钟差不多，因为第一篇小作文写6—8句话，超过8句话就过分了，就远远超过考试的字数要求，增加判卷教师的工作量。
第二篇作文35分钟足够了，也就是写3个自然段，12句话，冲到顶17句话。
很多同学感觉写作时间不够，主要是因为他们写的内容太多、太杂，层次不明晰，思路不明确，语言表达不到位。
在考场上写作文，不在于你写的内容、篇幅太长，关键是看你的质量，无论是从内容上还是从语言上。
对于以上的考研英语时间分配表，大家可以结合自身情况进展参考。
一个比拟平安的方法是各位考友在考前严格按照上面这个时间分配表做三套模拟题。
只有这样，你们在真正考场上才能纯熟而且严格按照时间表来做题。
由于考研英语阅读Part A和写作这两局部占的分值很大，可以说拿下这两个局部考生根本上可以高枕无忧了。
因此，大家在实际考试的时候，绝对要保证阅读和写作两个局部可以有充裕时间完成。
如何安排考研英语各个局部的答题顺序考研英语的答题顺序要因人而异的，考生可以根据自身答题情况来调整顺序，使自己到达最正确应试状态。
建议，还是按照传统的考题顺序来做比拟妥当一点，即先做“完形”、再做“阅读”，最后做“作文”。
2023考研英语如何攻克词汇记忆难关单词记忆的方法很多，比方常用的：谐音记忆法(周年纪念日：anniversary 爱你无所谓)、联想记忆法(angel 天使都很美，有着l一样苗条的身材)、重复记忆等。
2019英语二真题阅读Text4 细节与主题的统一_2019年考研英语二答案
2019英语二真题阅读Text4 细节与主题的统一_2019年考研英语二答案2019年考研英语已然结束，总体来说，这次英语二考题的传统阅读部分在题目内容及设计上仍旧维持往年难度，本篇文章选自2018年10月6日Huffpost 发表的名为“Let‘s Stop Pretending Quitting Straws Will Solve Plastic Pollution” 文章，属于社会生活类的文章，又与环境保护主题相关，是考生较为熟悉的话题，解读起来相对来说比较容易，主要的内容是探讨人们过去在解决塑料污染过程中出现的问题，以及应该如何真正解决塑料污染的问题。
本篇文章的题目设置仍旧是以细节题和推理题为主，五道题中有一道传统细节题，三道观点细节题，一道推理题，其题型分类的分配比例与往年相比基本一致，考生应对此类题目应该较为容易，准确率较高；其中观点态度题型占比最重，难度上略有增加，需要学生根据上下文中的结构关系，进行综合性分析，提炼主题要义进行题目的分析理解，进而匹配正确选项，因此学生应对此类题目时可能会感觉较为模糊，不能轻易确定答案。
本篇文章中的传统细节题较为直接明了，在题干中找到关键信息词，在文中进行一一匹配即可获得正确选项，例如第四篇文中的第36题，直接找到第一段的定位句，匹配选项A 即可。
而观点细节题主要涉及对人物观点及作者观点的提问，需要考生对于文章上下段落的结构有一个比较精准的把握，对文中意思进行深入理解，找出主题，与此同时，与选项进行一一匹配排除，才能选出正确答案。
譬如说39题中对于人物观点细节的考查，考生不仅需要找到五段中的精准定位，提炼关键词“structural”，还需要在第六段的论据中找到“structural”的具体体现，明确这种结构式的改变即是自上而下的过程，才能确定正确选项。
由此可见，在题目的理解上，要加注对于上下文的主题的综合考虑。
最后，仅有一道的推理题，难度最高，需要考生对文章的理解要更为深入，实际上也是与上下文中综合体现的中心思想有着紧密的练习，只有统一细节与主题，才能更好的确定答案。
新东方周征西：2018考研-英语一-传统阅读-Text2(新东方版)
social media.
的方面，也是在选择何时在社交媒体中分享信息的方
面。
题目解析
Байду номын сангаас
26. 事实细节题
正确答案 [D]
26. According to the Paragraphs 26. 根据一二两段，
1 and 2, many young Americans 许 多 美 国 年 轻 人 质
题目解析
三、得出结论，表明作者态度 第六段：年轻人在思辨能力和选择性分享信息上，展现出良好的行为准则
参考译文
Para1
第一段
① A new survey by Harvard University finds more
① 哈佛大学的一项最新调查发现，超过三分之二
than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of 的美国年轻人不赞成特朗普总统使用推特。② 这意味
actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,‖ the survey
concluded.
Para4
第四段
① Such active research can have another effect. ②
① 年轻人积极主动地辨明是非会产生另一种效
A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the 果。② 由威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校在澳大利亚、英国
filtered through other source, （31）not a president’s social
media platform.
Para2
第二段
2023英一阅读解析
2023英一阅读解析一、概述英语一阅读在考研英语中占据了重要的地位，本文将针对2023年的英语一阅读进行解析，帮助考生了解考试趋势、分析难点、总结技巧，为考生提供有益的参考。
二、题型分析1. 传统阅读传统阅读是考研英语中最基本的题型，主要考察考生对文章主旨、细节的理解和把握。
在2023年的考试中，考生需要重点关注文章的结构和逻辑关系，把握作者的观点和态度。
2. 匹配题匹配题是近年来逐渐增多的新题型，主要考察考生的阅读理解能力和匹配技巧。
在考试中，考生需要认真阅读各个选项和匹配段落，找出符合要求的匹配关系。
三、难点解析1. 长难句理解英语一阅读中经常出现长难句，这些句子结构复杂、语法难点多，给考生理解文章内容造成了很大的困扰。
针对这种情况，考生需要加强对语法知识的掌握，提高分析句子的能力。
2. 细节把握英语一阅读中有很多细节性的内容，需要考生认真阅读并加以把握。
但是，很多考生在考试中容易忽略一些关键信息，导致失分。
因此，考生需要提高自己的阅读速度和注意力，加强对细节的把握。
四、解题技巧1. 快速阅读法在考试中，考生可以利用快速阅读法，迅速浏览文章和题目，找出关键信息点，从而更好地把握文章内容和题目要求。
2. 逻辑关系分析法在理解长难句时，考生可以利用逻辑关系分析法，找出句子之间的逻辑关系，从而更好地理解文章内容。
五、实例解析以下是一个2023年英语一阅读的实例解析：原文：The research also revealed that only 44% of consumers say they would recommend a brand to a friend ifthey were delighted with its product or service. The rest are either undecided (28%) or unhappy (18%) with their experience.题目：根据原文信息可以推断出，如果消费者对一个品牌的产品或服务感到满意，那么他们推荐该品牌的比例是多少？解题思路：根据原文信息“Only 44% of consumers say they would recommend a brand to a friend if they were delighted with its product or service.”可以得出答案为44%。
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译o
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译1. In other words , there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.结构：•In other words , there is [谓] a conventional story line [主] in the newsroom culture [状]•定语从句：that provides [谓] a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure [宾] for otherwise confusing news [状] .单词：conventional a.传统的常见的惯例的符合习俗的Story n.叙述新闻报道情况史话Line n.方针原则方法概况思路newsroom n.新闻编辑部Backbone n.主干支柱脊骨骨气Ready-made a.现成的做好的陈旧的平凡的Narrative n.故事叙事记叙Otherwise ad.否则除此之外以不同方式相反Confuse vt.使混乱迷惑混淆困惑复杂化词组：In other words 换句话说直译：换句话说，在新闻编辑部文化中有一个传统的新闻报道方针。
它提供了一个框架和一个现成的叙事结构，给复杂的新闻解析：•There be句型是全部倒装，真正的主语在后面•that引导定语从句修饰story line 并在句子中做主语译文：换句话说，在新闻编辑部文化中有一个传统的新闻报道方针。
这个方针给复杂的新闻提供了一个主干框架和一个现成的叙事结构重点：•Story n.叙述新闻报道情况史话•Line n.方针原则方法概况思路•There be句型是全部倒装，真正的主语在后面•that引导定语从句修饰story line 并在句子中做主语2. There exists a social culture disconnect between journalists and their readers , which helps explain why the “ standard templates ”of the newsroom seem alien to many readers .结构：•There [主] exists [谓] a social and culture disconnect [宾] between journalists and their readers ,•定语从句：which helps explain [谓]•宾语从句：why the “ standard templates ”of the newsroom seem [谓] alien to many readers [表] .单词：Disconnect vt.断开切断供应是分离Alien n.外星人外国人a.外国的陌生的vt.转让词组：Alien to 不相容的与...相反陌生的直译：在新闻记者和读者之间存在社会和文化上的脱节，这也有助于解释了为什么新闻编辑部的标准模式似乎对很多读者来说是不相容的。
考研英语(一)题型与2020真题
英语一(满分：100)Section I：英语知识运用20×0.5Section II：Part A传统阅读20×2 Part B新题型5×2 Part C英译汉5×2Section III：Part A应用文10 Part B文章写作20第一部分英语知识运用该部分不仅考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素(包括词汇、表达方式和结构)的掌握程度，而且还考查考生对语段特征(如连贯性和一致性等)的辨识能力等。
共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。
在一篇240~280词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
第二部分阅读理解该部分由A、B、C三节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的能力。
共30小题，每小题2分，共60分。
A节(20小题)：主要考查考生理解主旨要义、具体信息、概念性含义，进行有关的判断、推理和引申，根据上下文推测生词的词义等能力。
要求考生根据所提供的4篇(总长度约为1600词)文章的内容，从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
B节(5小题)：主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。
本部分有3种备选题型。
每次考试从这3种备选题型中选择一种进行考查。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
备选题型有：1)本部分的内容是一篇总长度为500~600词的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有6~7段文字。
要求考生根据文章内容从这6~7段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。
2)在一篇长度约500~600词的文章中，各段落的原有顺序已被打乱。
要求考生根据文章的内容和结构将所列段落(7~8个)重新排序，其中有2~3个段落在文章中的位置已经给出。
3)在一篇长度约500词的文章前或后有6~7段文字或6~7个概括句或小标题。
这些文字或标题分别是对文章中某一部分的概括、阐述或举例。
新东方周征西—2018考研-英语一-传统阅读-Text1
① 正如埃里克〃布林约尔松和安德鲁〃麦卡非在
McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be 《第二次机器时代》这本书中所指出的：我们首先要思
rethinking education and job training. ② （ 23 ） 考的应该是教育和工作培训。② （23）从文法学校到
work. ⑤ （22）But in the medium term, middle-class 但是从中期来看，中产阶级工人也许要多做调整了。
workers may need a lot of help adjusting.
Para4
第四段
① The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew
business dynamism: Starting new companies must be 过去激烈的技术变革时期，企业家们通过想出劳动和机
made easier. ② In previous eras of drastic technological 器结合的方式来平稳过渡。③ 我们尚未发明出3D打印
to help workers adapt will be indispensable.
少的。
题目解析
21. 事实细节题
正确答案 [D]
21. Who will be most threatened 21. 自动化对下面哪
by automation?
类人威胁最大？
简要说明
[A] Leading politicians
by automation. ② Destroying the machines that are 工作机会的机器，这简直是愚蠢至极。③ （25）但是，
2020年考研英语阅读理解全文翻
Text1Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation.习惯是件有趣的事情。
我们无意识间养成了一些习惯，我们的大脑是自动运转的，轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。
“这并非选择，而是习惯控制了那些没有思想的人”，这是威廉•华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）19世纪时说的话。
在现在这个日新月异的21世纪，甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。
因此，在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯，似乎显得有点矛盾。
But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.但大脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候，我们创建了平行路径，甚至是全新的脑细胞，可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。
2019年考研英语一阅读理解全文翻译
2019年考研英语一阅读理解全文翻译一、概述在我国，考研英语一是每年很多本科毕业生梦寐以求的考试科目之一。
作为考研英语一的重要部分，阅读理解部分的全文翻译是许多考生备考过程中的难点之一。
本文旨在为考生提供2019年考研英语一阅读理解部分的全文翻译，帮助考生更好地准备考试。
二、全文翻译下面，我们将为大家呈现2019年考研英语一阅读理解部分的全文翻译，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
Passage One译文：赫尔曼·梅尔维尔是美国文学的一位杰出代表，他最著名的作品莫过于《白鲸》。
在这部作品中，梅尔维尔运用了丰富的象征手法，讲述了一个普遍而又深刻的故事。
在小说的主角白约翰中尉的身上，梅尔维尔创造了一个充满了复杂矛盾的形象，他不仅代表了美国传统的英雄形象，同时也是神秘和复杂的象征。
这部作品融合了古代和现代的元素，艺术性和象征性都达到了极高的水平。
分析：本文第一篇阅读文章是关于美国文学作家赫尔曼·梅尔维尔及其作品《白鲸》的介绍。
通过对这部作品的主要情节和象征手法的分析，读者可以对这部作品有一个初步的了解。
Passage Two译文：文艺复兴是欧洲历史上的一个重要时期，它标志着欧洲从中世纪的黑暗走向了文明。
文艺复兴的艺术家们追求真理和美的境界，他们创作出了许多杰出的作品，为欧洲文化的繁荣和发展做出了重要贡献。
文艺复兴艺术在文学、绘画、音乐等方面都有着巨大的成就，受到了后世文化的深刻影响。
分析：本文第二篇阅读文章是关于欧洲文艺复兴的总体介绍，内容包括文艺复兴的历史背景、艺术家们的追求和作品的影响等方面。
这篇文章的翻译对于了解欧洲文艺复兴的重要意义和影响具有重要的参考价值。
Passage Three译文：科技的快速发展给人类社会带来了许多便利和改变，然而，也伴随着一些问题和挑战。
虚拟现实技术是当今科技领域的一个热门话题，它可以带来沉浸式的视听体验，为人们的生活和工作带来了新的可能性。
然而，虚拟现实技术也存在着隐私安全、伦理道德等方面的问题，需要社会和法律的共同关注和规范。
考研英语阅读理解详解(第一篇)(英语一)
考研英语网课第一节1，Financial regulators in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks在英国的金融机构已经对各大银行的高管强制了一个相当不同寻常的规定。
简化版：Many teachers in the city have imposed a rather reasonable rule on the students of most schools词汇：1，impose 强制实行，推行，unusual 不寻常的，罕见的regulator 监管机构，监管者，financial 财政的，金融的，Britain英国，rule规则，boss 高管，bank银行2，Starting next year，any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing从明年开始，如果其所在银行因不当行为受到调查，任何保证给高管人员的奖金都有可能延迟10年发放。
简化版：Starting next week ，any guaranteed rewards of the personnel could be delayed 1 month if their companies areunder investigation for wrongdoing词汇：guarantee 保证，确保，bonus奖金，红利，executive 管理人员，经理，delay延迟，推迟，延期，investigation 调查，wrongdoing 不法行为，坏事3，The main purpose of this “clawback”rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institutions该项“回收款”规定的主要目的是让银行家们对有害的冒险行为负责，并恢复公众对金融机构的信任。
1994-2001考研英语阅读真题解析(含全文翻译)
文章分析：
这篇文章来自Commentary 2007年9月刊的一篇文章Selling Classical Music by TERRY TEACHOUT.这个杂志可以说知名度并不高，这可以看出命题人的出题指向性，反反命题的倾向很严重.以前的经济学人，今年只有在B节入选.这篇文章的体裁是议论文.第一二段都是一个引入.三段提出了作者的观点.四段和五段是对于三段观点进一步的递进和展开.而在第一个第二段中是不同的人对于新任指挥的看法.所以阅读考研文章没有什么复杂的就是关注观点！分清论点和论据！
1994—2006年考研英语阅读真题分析
1994—2006年考研英语阅读真题结构与内容分析2006Text1文章结构：一枝独秀型。
本文主要论述了移民融入美国文化的问题。
文章开始就指出了美国文化的同化（homogenizing）力。
作者从二段开始以移民为例说明这一点，论述时涉及语言、购房和不同种族之间通婚这三个方面。
阅读时注意作者对移民融入美国文化的态度。
Text2文章结构：花开两朵型。
本文主要论述了英国戏剧家莎士比亚的故乡——艾冯河畔的斯特拉特福镇（Stratford-on-Avon）的居民对小镇的剧场皇家莎士比亚公司（RSC）的不满，认为它没给小镇带来什么收入，却制造了喧闹。
RSC 却认为戏迷们不像一般游客早晨来、晚上就走，而是在小镇住下来，因此给小镇带来大量收入。
居民还认为RSC 不应享受补贴，因为剧场的上座率很高，而且在上升，但作者反驳了这一观点，因为票价提得太高容易吓跑最具有吸引力得年轻人。
注意居民和RSC 得态度对比，以及作者的立场。
Text3文章结构：一枝独秀型。
本文选自The Economist2003 年5 月15 日的文章Ocean’s eleventhhour？文章开始以史前大型动物的灭绝这一类比引出本文的主题：现在海洋中可能正在发生同样的事情（第一段末句），就是说海洋中的大型动物正在灭绝。
这是一个研究结论。
从第二段开始，作者对这一结论进行的详细的解释。
他介绍了Myers 和Worm 两位研究人员的研究结果：海洋渔场里大型掠食性动物的数量因为过度捕捞而锐减，但人们却未察觉，结果定出的鱼类存量基线不准确，原因是研究所涉及的时间段太短。
两位研究人员最后要求人们根据时间变化调整鱼类存量基线，以做到不过度捕捞，从而避免海洋中大型掠食性动物的灭绝。
注意文章开始所使用的类比的作用。
Text4文章结构：花开两朵型。
本文选自Time2005 年1 月17 日的文章The Art of Unhappiness。
文中对比了过去和现在人们的处境以及对快乐的感觉。
2019考研英语一阅读理解译文
2019考研英语一阅读理解译文随着我国经济的快速发展和国际地位的提升，越来越多的人选择参加研究生入学考试（以下简称考研）。
考研英语作为研究生入学考试的一项重要科目，一直备受考生关注。
其中，阅读理解部分是考研英语中的难点，也是考生们普遍认为需要下大力气准备的部分。
在这篇文章中，笔者将共享2019年考研英语一阅读理解题目的译文及相关内容分析，希望能够帮助考生更好地理解和应对这一部分的考试内容。
一、 2019考研英语一阅读理解原文2019考研英语一阅读理解部分共包括5个题目，其中每个题目都包含一篇英文文章及相关的题目。
以下是其中一篇文章的原文：As high art forms go, cooking has never been quite respectable. "No wonder," says one British critic, "it has long been dismissed as mere woman's work, akin to minding the carriage or beating the carpets." Even when it moved into the parlor, it f本人led to win approval; the Victorian mistress of the house who supervised from the drawing room never presumed to know anything of consequence about the kitchen. Policymakers, too, have tended to ignore cooking; home economics was taught to girls in school primarily as a means of keeping future husbandsin line.The despisal of cooking is all the odder in that it is surely the most widespread art: every single person must eat, and most must do it every day. Moreover, few people are untouched by food beyond the physiological it is a crucial element within almost every culture's expressive traditions. From the aging sophisticates of Qui Rousseau's time, who could not expl本人n what went on in the kitchen, down to the manipulated longing of a child's hunger, every time hunger is satisfied it helps to shape family and national allegiance.二、 2019考研英语一阅读理解译文以下是笔者根据上述原文进行的译文：烹饪作为一种高雅艺术形式，一直未能获得充分的尊重。
新东方刘鹏：2018考研-英语二,传统阅读真题解析(新东方版)
传统阅读解析——英语二18年考研英语已经顺利结束,冠辰老师在此为大家奉上英语二考研阅读的真题解析.今年的考研阅读难度系数不大,文章的题源主要出自于各大报刊或是网络文摘.四篇文章的话题各不相同: 第一篇(自行车机械化问题) 第二篇(能源问题) 第三篇(推特等网络媒体问题) 第四篇(艺术作品问题).近年英语二的题型中细节题占据了四篇阅读的大部分比例,主旨题和态度题的比例越来越低.18年比17年态度题的比例所有上升.我们依次对四篇阅读文章进行解析: Text 121. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show student's lack of.首先从题型角度分析: 这是一道例证题.难度系数较小.例证题例子本身不重要重点寻找例子支撑的观点.由于出题句在第二段的第三句.因此证明的观点在第二句. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and rote memorization, but practical, reports staff writer Stacy Teicher Khadaroo in this week’s cover story.核心观点是作为一个老师的他认为学习并不是书本知识考试以及记忆力而是实践额能力.not but 之前在2015年Text1考察过2018年再次重复考察.not A but B 不是A而是B对A的否定对B的肯定A. academic training 原文相反B. practical ability 正确答案C. pioneering spirit 细节错位无中生有D. mechanical memorization 原文相反22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who. 题型: 细节题.根据题干信息直接定位到第四段.出题句在第四段段首,其余所有句为答案句且出题句本身没有直接明确答案. But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice.答案句在第四段段尾Schools in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype ... that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” he says.现存的歧视现象针对的群体是学生who后为重点: 学术方面没有成功make it 完形填空和英语二阅读2013年连续考察两次均翻译为成功make itA. have a stereotyped mind 答非所问B. have no career motivation 意思相反C. are financially disadvantaged 无中生有D. are not academically successful 正确答案23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.题型: 段落推理题.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new mantra. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.段落推理没有明显的像but这样的转折处,但依旧出现了强化班课程中最流行的时间对比结构，且结合题干的设问对象high school graduates定位在本段第三句The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.美国经济曾经提供给高校毕业生的求职安全感已经很大程度上蒸发，意在表明过去工作很多现在很难找到工作.A. used to have more job opportunities 正确答案24. The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.题型: 细节题.根据题干信息定位到But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all – and the subtle devaluing of anything less – misses an important point: That’s not the only thing the American economy needs. 出题句在段落第一句。
2020年考研英语一阅读译文
2020年考研英语一阅读译文考研英语一阅读理解是考研英语重要的一部分，对于备考的同学来说，掌握阅读技巧和提升翻译能力至关重要。
以下是一篇2020年考研英语一阅读理解的译文。
Passage 1While researchers have studied farmers' markets for the past 20 years, studying not-for-profit food hubs is fairly new. For 15 years, the Food Hub Management Program at Michigan State University has helped organizations start and operate food hubs. Dr. Rich Pirog, who directs the program, has just edited a book on food hubs."The interest in local food systems is driving the increased attention to food hubs," says Pirog, who began studying farmers markets in the late 1990s. "Food hubs are about bringing agriculture back to cities and more populated areas."Pirog points to the huge amount of economic power of food sales in this country - $650 billion a year - and says, "A little bit of that localizes food to smaller areas. Ten percent is $65 billion. How do we get there?"To answer this question, he has begun a three-year project funded by the US Department of Agriculture, looking at the impact of food hubs, compared to farmers markets and conventional intermediaries, on the local economy.Food hubs are a fairly new concept. Some are for-profit, like Bon Appetit Management Company, which brings local food to collegecampuses like MSU. Some are not-for-profit, like Twin Cities-based The Good Acre, which focuses on serving low-income people who can't get to farmers markets.Food hubs can be both physical and virtual. They can be big, like the Chicago South Water Market, which has hundreds of farmers, sells $2 billion a year and has a physical connection to residential, retail and restaurant sectors. Or they can be small physical spaces like the MSU Student Organic Farm, which only sells a portion of its food.Pirog has ended the first phase of the project, which focused on synthesizing research on local food. Michigan State University researchers found that food hubs can create jobs and impact regional economies. They also found that they carry food that meets consumer demand and improves access to healthy food.Pirog and his team spent the past year reaching out to food hubs around the country to collect sales, employment and other data. They're studying 50 food hubs, in total. This summer, the team is entering the second phase of the project, looking at consumer behavior and attitudes about local food and food systems.译文如下：第一篇虽然研究人员在过去20年里一直在研究农民市场，但对于非营利性食品中心的研究还是相对较新的。
考研英语阅读理解A节（传统题型）分类精讲社会伦理类分类模拟（一）
考研英语阅读理解A节（传统题型）分类精讲社会伦理类分类模拟（一）考研英语阅读理解A节(传统题型)分类精讲社会伦理类分类模拟(一)SectionⅡReading ComprehensionThe stretch of the Pacific between Hawaii and California is virtually empty.There are no islands, no shipping lanes,no human presence for thousands of miles—just sea,sky and rubbish.The prevailing currents cause flotsam from around the world to accumulate in a vast becalmed patch of ocean.In places, there are a million pieces of plastic per square kilometre.That can mean as much as112times more plastic than plankton,the first link in the marine food chain.All this adds up to perhaps100m tonnes of floating garbage,and more is arriving every day. Wherever people have been—and some places where they have not—they have left waste behind.Litter lines the world's roads;dumps dot the landscape;slurry and sewage slosh into rivers and streams.Up above, thousands of fragments of defunct spacecraft careen through space,and occasionally more debris is produced by collisions such as the one that destroyed an American satellite in mid-February.Ken Noguchi,a mountaineer,estimates that he has collected nine tonnes of rubbish from the slopes of Mount Everest during five clean-up expeditions.There is still plenty left.The average Westerner produces over500kg of municipal waste a year—and that is only the most obvious portion of the rich world's discards.In Britain,for example, municipal waste from households and businesses makes up just24%of the total.In addition,both developed and developing countries generate vastquantities of construction and demolition debris,industrial effluent,mine tailings,sewage residue and agricultural waste.Extracting enough gold to make a typical wedding ring,for example,can generate three tonnes of mining waste.Rubbish may be universal,but it is little studied and poorly understood.Nobody knows how much of it the world generates or whatit does with it.In many rich countries,and most poor ones,only the patchiest of records are kept.That may be understandable:by definition,waste is something its owner no longer wants or takes much interest in. Ignorance spawns scares,such as the fuss surroundingNew York's infamous garbage barge,which in1987sailed the Atlantic for six months in search of a place to dump its load,giving many Americans the false impression that their country landfills had run out of space.It also makes it hard to draw up sensible policies:just think of the endless debate about whether recycling is the only way to save the planet ran expensive waste of time.1、It can be inferred from Paragraph1thatA.a large part of the Pacific doesn't have shipping lanes.B.most of the rubbish in the Pacific comes from the U.S..C.the first link of the food chain of sea lives on plastic.D.the quantity of rubbish in the Pacific increases day by day.2、The second paragraph mainly demonstratesA.space garbage hazard towards people.B.that people produce waste of all kinds with large amount.C.whether people should take recycling into account.D.Ken Noguchi five clean-up expeditions.3、The example of Britain indicates thatA.a large proportion of waste is generated by developedcountries.B.there are many other kinds of rubbish besides municipal waste.C.mining extraction generates large quantity of waste.D.agricultural waste makes up a large proportion of the total.4、By mentioning the definition of waste,the author intends toA.clear the misunderstanding of its meaning and its coverage.B.state that people tends to like the new and hate the old.C.manifest the fact people don't record things about rubbish by sarcasm.D.prove that ignorance can lead to terror and inaction.5、The incident of New York rubbish ship took place becauseA.people were ignorant of the rubbish disposal capacity of their country./doc/8110933650.html,ernment was in great dilemma of whether starts recycling or not.C.economics was in such recession as not be able to dispose the garbage.D.U.S.didn't have enough dump sites to digest the waste.The United States is not(thank goodness)a culturally homogeneous country.It consists of many distinct moral communities.On certain social issues,such as abortion and homosexuality,people don't agree and probably never will—and the signal political advantage of the federalist system is that they don't have to. Individuals and groups who find the values or laws of one state obnoxious have the right to live somewhere else.The nationalization of abortion policy in the Supreme Court's1973Roe v.Wade decision created a textbook example of what can happen when this federalist principle is ignored.If theSupreme Court hadnot stepped in,abortion would today be legal in most states but not all;pro-lifers would have the comfort of knowing they could live in a state whose law wascompatible with their views.Instead of endlessly confronting a cultural schism that affects every Supreme Court nomination,we would see occasional local flare-ups in state legislatures or courtrooms. America is a stronger country for the moral diversity that federalism uniquely allows.Moral law and family law govern the most intimate and,often,the most controversial spheres of life.For the sake of domestic tranquility,domestic law is best left to a level of government that is close to home.So well suited is the federalist system to the gay-marriage issue that it might almost have been set up to handle it.In a new land whose citizens followed different religious traditions,it would have made no sense to centralize marriage or family law.And so marriage has been the domain of local law not just since the days of the Founders but since Colonial times, before the states were states.To my knowledge,the federal government has overruled the states on marriage only twice.The first time was when it required Utah to ban polygamy as a condition for joining the Union —and note that this ruling was issued before Utah became a state.The second time was in1967,when the Supreme Court,in Loving v.Virginia,struck down sixteen states'bans on interracial marriage.Here the Court said not that marriage should be defined by the federal government but only that states could not define marriage in ways that violated core constitutional rights.On the one occasion when Congress directly addressed same-sex marriage,in the 1996Defense of MarriageAct,it decreed that the federal government would not recognize same-sex marriages but took care not to impose that rule on the states.6、The political advantages of a federalist system is thatA.people may have different opinions about abortion.B.controversial opinions on certain social issues are allowed.C.some states are more obnoxious than others.D.people can move from state to state if they like.7、What we know about abortion law in American is thatA.it is illegal in all over America to have an abortion.B.the Supreme Court had not interfered in abortion law.C.abortion used to be a legal practice in most states.D.abortion is still legal in most states in America today.8、The local government is often responsible for local domestic law affairs becauseA.the Supreme Court deems it a big burden.B.this way of handling domestic laws guarantees a better stability.C.local families resent the decisions made by the Supreme Court.D.the moral diversity is stronger on the local level of government.9、The author seems to think that gay marriage should beA.left to the decision of individual state government.B.the sole responsibility of the federal government.C.banned on both the federal and the local levels.D.overruled by the Supreme Court as soon as possible.10、We can learn from the text thatA.the federal government and the local government may have different rulings concerning the legal status of gay marriage.B.the federal government has a long history of interfering in the decisions concerning marriage issues on local levels.C.the federal government has never made a clear expression about their decision concerning gay marriage.D.if local government allows gay marriage then that marriage will also be recognized by the federal government.The teenagers are clustered around lunch tables, wolfing down heaps of beans on toast or pasta with a spicy eggplant sauce,buttering their bread,peeling oranges.These kids are refueling.It is midway through week five of a six-week sports camp,and they have spent the morning running and doing basketball drills.That —along with the fact that they are,after all, teenagers—means they are hungry.Based at Leeds Metropolitan University,the Carnegie International Camp is Britain's first summer weight-loss program for children,and their counselors know exactly how many calories are on those lunch plates. Some40boys and girls,11to17,pay$550a week tobe put on monitored meal plans,attend nutrition classes,have their bodyfat measured and,every day,exercise until they are ready to drop—or at least feign knee injuries.All of these kids had to be around35%above the World Health Organization's mean recommended weight to be accepted and chose to spend their summer vacations this way. It is nice,some of the campers say,to be someplace where they are not outcasts:where some of them,for the first time ever,can make friends,go on dates,and get special attention in sports classes,rather than get chosen last.By summer's end the weight losses were not dramatic.Most campers shed around2kg a week.That slow,steady loss,rather than somedramatic disappearance of poundsthat will reappear by Christmas,is exactly what Paul Gately,the camp's founder and a lecturer in exercise physiology and health atthe university,intended."The main aim is to encourage them to be active and competent at sports,and then they'll get confident,"he says."And if you get them early you can prevent diseases later in life."In our weight-obsessed society,it is sometimes easy to forget that more than a cosmetic issue fat is also a pressing health concern.Gately is a member a small European community of health and medical professionals who are focusing on one of the regions,most seriousand most misunderstood health problems:obesity. Obesity is definedby WHO as a body mass index(BMI)—one's weight in kilograms divided by the square of one's height in meters—equal to or greater than30.A person1.78rn tall and tipping the scales at125kg, for example,would have a BMI of39.5,definitely obese. It is a risk factor for a wide range of serious medical conditions,including diabetes,heart disease,stroke and certain forms of cancer,gall bladder disease and joint problems.11、The first paragraph is mainly written toA.explain why children take part in the weight loss program.B.describe what children usually take as their lunch food.C.persuade how to supply energy for children's body.D.illustrate how hungry those teenagers are when in the sports camp.12、The author mentions the Carnegie International Camptoillustrate thatA.it is the first summer weight-loss program for children in the Great Britain.B.it requires that children should eat less and exercise more for weight-loss.C.it is a profit-making company founded by the World Health Organization.D.it is set up for building up children's confidence and health awareness.13、Some children in the sports camp like it becauseA.it provides them an opportunity to make friends with others.B.it helps them to lose lots of weight very quickly.C.it offers them a chance to be specifically outstanding.D.it fills them with a lot of delicious food and drinks.14、Which of the following is not one of the resultscaused byoverweight according to this passage?/doc/8110933650.html,ck of confidence.B.Kinds of diseases.C.Cosmetic problems.D.Economic stress.15、The main topic of this passage is aboutA.how to lose weight.B.what the overweight is.C.why lose weight.D.where to lose weight.Everywhere you look in contemporary America you see a people engaged in the pursuit of happiness.You can see it in workhabits.Americans on average not only work longer and harder than most Europeans,but endure lengthy commutes to and from work.You can see it in geographical mobility.About40m of them move every year.They are remarkably willing to travel huge distances in pursuit of things like bowling conventions and so on.And you can see it in thecountry's general hopefulness:two-thirds of Americans are optimistic about the future.Since Americans are energetic even in deconstructing their own founding principles,there is no shortage of people who have taken exception to the happiness pursuit.They range from conservativeslike Robert Bork,believing the phrase summarizes the "emptiness at the heart of American ideology",to liberals who think that it is a justification for an acquisitive society.One criticism is that the pursuit is self-defeating. The more you pursue the illusion of happiness the more you sacrifice the real thing.The other side of mobility is turmoil and anxiety,broken marriages and unhappy children.Americans have less job security than ever before.They even report having fewer close friends than a few decades ago.And international studies of happiness suggest that people in certain poor countries, such as Mexico,are apparently happier than Americans. Another criticism is that Americans have confused happiness with material possessions.It is notable that Thomas Jefferson's call echoes Adam Smith's phrase about"life,liberty and the pursuit of property".Do all those pairs of Manolo Blahnik shoes really make youhappy?Or are they just a compensation for empty lives like in the soap opera Sex in the City?If opinion polls on such matters mean anything—and that isdubious—they suggest that both these criticisms are flawed.A2006Pew Research Centre study —"Are we happy yet?"—claims that84%of Americans are either"very happy"or"pretty happy".The Harris Poll's2004"feel good index"found that95%are pleased with their homes and91%are pleased with their social lives.The Pew About sponsorship polls show that money does indeed go some way towards buying happiness.They also suggest that Americans,devotion to religion makes them happier still.The pursuit of happiness accounts for all sorts of peculiarities of American life:from the$700/m spent on self-help books per yearto the irritating dinner guests constantly looking at theirBlackBerry cell phones.This pursuit may even help to explain the surge of anti-Americanism.Many people dislike it precisely becauseit is doing exactly what Jefferson intended.For some Europeans,the pursuit of happiness in the form of monster cars and mansions is objectionable on every possible ground.You cannot pursue happiness with such conspicuous enthusiasm without making quite a lot of people around the world rather unhappy.16、The author mentioned Robert Bork toA.prove Americans are enthusiastic about interpreting their founding principles.B.illustrate that many Americans pursue happiness.C.indicate that some Americans do not favor the happiness pursuit.D.justify the pursuit of happiness in America.17、According to the passage,American people's pursuit ofhappinessA.can be found in everyone's work and life.B.is reflected in their working attitudes.C.is criticized as a cause for social problems.D.did not make them happy at all.18、We can infer that Thomas Jefferson and Adam SmithA.mistook material wealth for happiness.B.did not share their views on the happiness pursuit.C.criticized the pursuit of happiness.D.believed life,liberty and material pursuit were equally important.19、Which of the following statements is true according to the last two paragraphs?A.Opinion polls proved that happiness can be bought.B.Opinion polls suggest that most Americans are happy because of religion.C.Some Europeans dislike Americans because of Jefferson's opinion.D.Americans'pursuit of happiness has irritated a lot of people.20、What is the passage mainly about?A.The reason why Americans pursue happiness.B.The seeking of happiness in America.C.The benefits and drawbacks of happiness pursuit in America.D.The results of happiness pursuit in America.The good news made headlines nationwide:Deaths from several kinds of cancer have declined significantly in recent years.But the news has to be bittersweet for many cancer patients and their families.Every year,more than500,000people in the United States still die ofcancer.In fact,more than half of all patients diagnosed with cancer will die of their disease within a few years.And while its true survival is longer today than in the past,the quality of life for these patients is often greatly diminished.Cancer—and many of the treatments used to fight it—causes pain,nausea, fatigue,and anxiety that routinely go undertreated or untreated.In the nation's single-minded focus on curing cancer, we have inadvertently devalued the critical need for palliative care,which focuses on alleviating physical and psychological symptoms over the course of the disease.Nothing would have a greater impact on the daily lives of cancer patients and their families than good symptom control and supportive therapy.Yet the National Cancer Institute(NCI),the federal government's leader in cancer research and training, spent less than one percent of its1999budget on any aspect of research or training in palliative care. The nation needs to get serious about reducing needless suffering.NCI should commit to and fund research aimedat improving symptom control and palliative care.NCI also could designate"centers of excellence"among the cancer centers it recognizes.T o get that designation, centers would deliver innovative,top-quality palliative care to all segments of the populations the centers serve;train professionals in medicine, nursing,psychology,social work,and other disciplines to provide palliative care;and conduct research.Insurance coverage for palliative and hospice care also contributes to the problem by forcing people to choose between active treatment or hospice care.This"either/or"approach does not readily allow these two types of essential care to be integrated.The Medicare hospice benefit is designed specifically for people in the final stages ofillness and allows enrollment only if patients are expected to survive six months or less.The benefit excludes patients from seeking both palliative care and potentially life-extending treatment.That makes hospice enrollment an obvious deterrent for many patients.And hospices,which may have the most skilled practitioners and the most experience in。
考研英语阅读理解A节(传统题型)分类精讲商业经济类分类模拟(二)
考研英语阅读理解A节(传统题型)分类精讲商业经济类分类模拟(二) Reading ComprehensionHow can an organization's sales operation be improved? One of the keys to becoming more effective is to first determine the type of "selling process" which needs to be used. In other words, the role the salesperson must play has to be identified. There are three different processes sales staff can adopt: narrative, suggestive and consultative.The narrative approach depends on the salesperson moving quickly into a standardized presentation. Every buyer receives the same presentation. Emphasis is on highlighting benefits and how the product or service can help the buyer. This is an effective approach if the buying motive for all customers is basically the same. This process is well suited where there are a great number of prospects to be called on.The suggestive approach depends on the seller being in a position to offer alternative recommendations. This is quite different from the narrative approach as the presentation is tailored to the individual customer. Here, the salesperson must initiate some discussion in order to get the buyer in a positive flame of mind.An example of this process would be a restaurant wine steward who has checked with the waiter what food the customer has ordered and then opens by saying that either "this or that" particular wine would go best with the food ordered.This is an excellent approach where one doesn't have much time with the customer but is able to acquire some basic information and then offer a particular recommendation. This process is well suited for products and services. However, it does require the salesperson to acquire basic information from the customer before moving on to the presentation.The consultative approach requires the salesperson to have a thorough understanding of the customer and what the customer is trying to achieve. The role of the salesperson is to become an adviser or consultant and he must acquire a great deal of information from the customer. With this information the salesperson can plan what to offer the customer.In this case, the salesperson must tailor the presentation to highlight how the salesperson's product or service can be of help. This approach will usually require a number of sales calls as the buyingprocess may be complex. The consultative approach requires a wide variety of skills, including probing, listening, analysis, creativity and persuasiveness. The other two approaches typically require fewer skills. Hiring, training, motivating and rewarding salespeople need to be linked to the type of sales process being used and this is where the problem starts. Many organizations which should be using a consultative approach use a narrative approach. They use standardized methods and do not tailor presentations to individual customers. You see this in many industries. When this is the case, price becomes a key criterion for the customer.A key issue in developing a professional sales organization is in first establishing the sales process. When that decision has been made, all other sales decisions, including hiring, training and rewards can be linked to it.1. How would you describe the writer's style?A.Persuasive.B.Critical.C.Personal.D.Argumentative.答案：A[解答] 推断题。
考研英语一阅读复盘
考研英语一阅读复盘考研英语已在26号下午落下帷幕，今年英一考题的传统阅读部分在选项设计方面与往年难度没有大的波动。
下面笔者就阅读第三篇进行深度解析。
第二篇阅读选自7月23日的Economist上发表的名为“Do-gooding policies help firms when they get prosecuted”的文章，就题材来说属于社会经济类，主要内容是探讨企业社会责任的承担程度对于公司的影响。
文章后五道考题中涉及一道观点态度题，一道词义推测题，三道细节分析题，其比例与往年相比基本持平，在题干设置上难度不大。
首先是31题是作者的观点态度题，这也是我们在钻石卡vip课程中多次强调的观点处常设考题。
答案是A项。
大家可以看到题干中关键信息“Milton Friedman”以及CRS，那么回到文章首段即可定位，“That is, …its profits.”But even if you …things may not be absolutely clear-act.该段落包含题干中的所有信息，高度吻合，同时出现things may not be absolutely clear-act.那么可以确定答案一定在此处，大家把ABCD四个选项都看一下，回归词句进行比对，那么看到clear-cut，其实就是Uncertainty的完美替换，毫不纠结的选A。
32题，细节定位题，答案选D，本题难度不大，直接回到第二段定位，从First, second, third 几条罗列信息当中，可以看到1take CSR spending as a "signal"…2. customers may be willing to buy…3. earn itgreater consideration from consumers and others.可以排除其他选项，得出D项是正解。
33题，该题是词义推测题，答案选D。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
June 4, 2011
考研英语试卷构成
完型填空 10分 阅读理解1传统阅读 阅读理解2阅读新题型 阅读理解3英译汉 作文 30分 40分 10分 10分
考研阅读与四六级阅读的关系
共性：出题方式基本一致 差异：四六级：35分钟（4） 考研 ：70—75分钟 （4） 四六级：所见即所得 考研：所见未必是所得
时间分配
传统阅读部分整体的时间为70—75分钟, 每篇 为17—18分钟. 阅读文章-处理题目--
解题步骤
第一步：标注原文有几段 第二步：扫描题干, 划出关键词 第三步：通读全文, 能定位的直接作答 第四步：解答不能定位的题目. 通过自然段定 位, 结合全文主旨.
先看文章or先看题目
1. 400词的文章问了5个问题, 所以应该带着 问题有目的的看文章. 注意:是先看问题, 不要看选项. 2. 通过题干要做出初步的判断. (逆向思维: 让你出题) 3. 关键词:专有名词, 数字, 时间, 名词或名词 短语等.
得分句vs. 辅助句
• 当得分句为某段的第一句话时, 那么辅助句 是该段后面所有的句子. • 当得分句是某段的最后一句话时, 辅助句为 该段的倒数第二句. • 当得分句是某段的中间一句时, 辅助句是该 句的前后句.
推理题
1. 标志: infer, suggest, imply, learn 2. 看是否能够通过题干或依据选项返回原文, 一般要围绕文中一两个点来推断. 3. 依据原文的意思进行判断, 先不要进行推 理, 若有选项和原文的含义完全相同, 则该 选项必然是正确答案.
考研英语阅读的五大题型
• 细节题 比重最大: 50%~ ①纯细节/②判断/③推理 • 词汇题 2~5个 ④词汇, 词组/⑤句子理解/ ⑥代词指代 • 态度题 ⑦ • 主旨题 ⑧ • 例证题 ⑨
细节题
1. 标志: 主要针对what, which, why, how 提问. 2. 关键: 返回原文，不要凭印象作题，返 回原文要有定位意识。
3. 最高原则: 选择一个选项与原文的表达方 式不同, 但是意思最为接近的. 例: 人包括男人和女人, xxx 不是女人, 请 问xxx是什么? A. 是男人 B. 不是女人 C. 是女人 D. 是女人是不可能的 E. 不详
何为“最为接近”? 对考研而言, 这个标准即命题组专家.
4. 解题步骤 a. 看题干确定中心词. b. 根据中心词回原文定位. (形指vs.意指) c. 对比原文和选项进行排查. d. 定位后不能得出答案的, 求助于辅助句. (得分句vs. 辅助句)
考研大纲对阅读的要求
理解主旨要义 (主旨) 理解文中的具体信息 (细节) 理解文中的概念性含义 (主旨, 词汇) 进行有关的判断、推理和引申 (判断, 推理) 根据上下文推测生词的词义 (词汇) 理解文章的总体结构以及单句之间、段落之间 的关系 (主旨, 细节) 7. 理解作者的意图、观点或态度 (态度) 8. 区分论点和论据 (例证) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
4. 破折号: 两个破折号之间是补充说明成分, 可以先不读. 一个破折号类似于冒号, 也是补充说明前面. 5. 引号: 引用 反讽, 讽刺 6. 括号: 解释生词 补充说明
主旨题
1. 类型:
a. main idea: What’s the passage mainly about? We can conclude from the last paragraph that … b. best title: Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? c. purpose: The text intends to express the idea that …
2. 历年态度题的选项: 褒义: approval, reserved consent, supportive, enthusiastic support, satisfaction, optimistic, rewarding, successful, carefree, sympathy, sympathetic. 中性: objective, objectiveness, impartial, detached, sensitive, amazed, apprehensive, skeptical
贬义: opposition, strongly disapproval, suspicion, skepticism, critical, subjective, biased, pessimistic, disappointed, gloomy, indignant, confused, puzzled, puzzling, scared, panicked, harmful, fruitless, indifferent, indifference, slight contempt
指代题
1. 返回原文, 找到出题的指代词. (it, them, this, that, as, such) 2. 向上搜索, 找最近的名词, 名词性从句或句 子. 3. 将找到的词, 词组或句子的含义代入, 替换 该代词, 看其意思是否通顺. 4. 尤其要关注段首句出现的指代关系.
态度题
1. 类型 (全文情感态度题vs.局部情感态度题) 区别: a. 表现形式: 最后vs.中间 b. 内容: 全文情感态度题的主体必须是作者, 对象必须是论点讨论的对象; 其他的就是局部情感态度题. 重要推论→
阅读理解的难点
1. 单词量不大, 句型结构复杂. 2. 作者观点的提出具有一定的隐蔽性. (作者观点的十大表现) 3. 选项设置的迷惑性比较大. (正确项vs.干扰项)
做题的误区
1. 读的太快,做题靠印象或直觉. 2. 花费大量时间阅读文章,题目匆匆做过. 3. 不知道如何做记号. 需要做记号的信息: (1) 具有感情色彩, 体现作者态度的词. blind, mechanical, excessively, too many, fortunately, mercifully
4. 正确答案与主旨相关, 注意起承转合. 正确答案包含很少的原文词汇, 多运用逆向 思维. 正确答案在相近和相反之间. 5. 推理题正确答案的两种类型: ⑴ 原文的重复型(绝不是原文的照抄); ⑵ 原文中未直接得出, 意思由推想可得出, 并且含义紧贴原文.
例证题
1. 标志: example, case, illustrate 2. 关键: 不在于是否看懂例子, 而解题
1. 返回原文找到句子 2. 对该句进行语法上的精确分析 3. 若该句的含义不能确定, 则根据上下文的 逻辑关系进行判断. 最常见的逻辑关系: 并列, 转折 4. 文中任何一句话都不是孤立存在的, 局部 含义是由整体决定的.
不要关注不可知, 通过已知推未知!
词汇题
1. 返回原文, 找到该词出现的地方 2. 充分利用上下文是解题的关键. 不要孤立的看待单词, 词汇和句子, 而要 通过上下文来猜. (解词题) 3. 两种考察方式: 超纲词汇 熟词生义或词汇在特定场合的含义
例子的形式有两种: 正面例证, 反面例证 例子的目的只有一个: 证明作者的观点
3. 解题步骤: ⑴ 返回原文找到该例子, 即给例子定位. ⑵ 80%向上20%向下搜索该例子周围的区 域, 寻找该例子支持的观点. 例子附近具 有抽象概括性的表达, 通常是论点. ⑶ 找出该论点, 并从四个选项中选出与该 论点意思最接近的.
结论：四六级考察的是快速返回原文定位 考研是考察快速定位后的细微辨别
传统阅读属性
1. 文章来源：主要是西方的期刊杂志 The Economist, New York Times, Time, Wall Street Journal, Newsweek, Business Week等. 2. 体裁：议论文，说明文，记叙文，应用文。 90% 3. 题材：社会科学为主，自然科学和人文科学为辅。 社会科学中经济类最常考，其次是教育 学，心理学和传播学。不会考专业性特别 强的内容。
(2) 标志性, 指示性信息. 并列关系: and, also, coupled with 转折关系: but, yet, however, by contrast 因果关系: therefore, thereby, consequently, as a result 递进关系: in addition to, even, besides, what’s more, further more 表示重要性: prime, above all, first of all, worst of all
通读读什么
1. 通读应把握的两个重点: a. 第一段 b. 其他各段的首尾和转折处 数据: 2005---- 15/20 2006 ----15/20 2007 ----14/20
定位的三大原则
1. 关键词定位原则：由题干出发，寻找题干中的 关键词，首选人名、地名、机构名、数字、年 代等，其次是原文肯定也会包含的实义词汇， 如体现说明或议论对象的词； 2. 自然段定位原则：考研中出题顺序与文章段落顺 序大体一致； 3. 长难句定位原则：答案通常蕴涵在长难句中。 以上三大原则要综合运用。
3. 解题步骤 a. 通过题干来分析判断 b. 借助找全文主题句或段落主题句 c. 串线法: 抓首段和其余各段首句, 把它们 的意思连成整体. 注意: 总结性提示词和转折词 d. 逆向思维法: 即快速作文法
4. 选项特点 a. 正确选项是对原文或段落的恰当归纳, 概括 总结, 程度比较恰当. 不会出现绝对的词汇, 经常包含一些语气委婉或不绝对的词: can, may, might, some, often, possible等. b. 错误选项: 以偏概全: 选项内容<文章内容 范围过宽: 选项内容>文章内容 程度不当
4. 解题两大原则: 不论该词多超纲, 根据上下文都能得出其含义. 不论该词多熟悉, 都必须根据上下文得出其在 特定场合的含义. 注意: 单词是由其所在的句子环境决定的. 5. 词汇题的正确答案经常蕴藏在原文该词汇的 附近, 搜索时应注意同位语, 特殊标点, 定语 从句以及前后缀, 特别应注意同词性原则.