FinancialOption-ChinaExportBuyer'sCredit
金融专业英语-税务术语词汇
金融专业英语-税务术语词汇保护关税 protective tariff保税制度 bonded system布鲁塞尔估价定义 Brussels definition of value (bdv)差别关税 differential duties差价关税 variable import levies产品对产品减税方式 product by product reduction of tariff 超保护贸易政策 policy of super-protection成本 cost出厂价格 cost price初级产品 primary commodity初级产品的价格 the price of primang products出口补贴 export subsidies出口动物产品检疫 quarantine of export animal products出口管制 export contral出口税 export duty出口退税 export rebates出口信贷 export finance出口限制 export restriction出口信贷国家担保制 export credit guarantee出口许可证 export licence储备货币 reserve carreacy处于发展初级阶段 in the early etages of development处理剩余产品的指导原则 the guiding principle of clealing with the surplus agricultural products船舶 vessel从量税 specific duty从价 ad valorem从价关税 ad valorem duties单方面转移收支 balance of unilateral transfers动物产品 animal product多种汇率 multiple rates of exchange反补贴税 counter-vailing duties反倾销 anti-dumping反倾销税 anti-dumping duties关税 customs duty关税和贸易总协定 the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade关税合作理事会 customs co-operation council关税减让 tariff concession关税配额 tariff quota关税升级 tariff escalation关税水平 tariff level关税税则 tariff关税同盟 customs union关税和贸易总协定秘书处 Secretariat of GATT规费 fees国际价格 international price约束税率 bound rate自主关税 autonomous tariff最惠国税率 the most-favoured-nation rate of duty 优惠差额 margin of preference优惠税率 preferential rate有效保护率 effective rate of protection。
中国进出口贸易英语作文
中国进出口贸易英语作文Title: China's Import and Export TradeChina's import and export trade has experienced remarkable growth over the past few decades, propelling the country to become the world's largest trading nation. This essay aims to explore the factors contributing to this phenomenon and the implications for the global economy.Introduction:China's integration into the global economy has been facilitated by its vibrant import and export trade. The country's export-oriented strategy has allowed it to leverage its comparative advantages in manufacturing and labor resources, while imports have played a crucial role in meeting domestic demand and promoting economic development.Body:1. Export Growth:- China's exports have expanded rapidly, driven by the country's competitive manufacturing sector. Industries such as electronics, textiles, and machinery have contributed significantly to export volumes.- The government's policies, including tax incentives and special economic zones, have supported export-oriented enterprises, enhancing their competitiveness in the global market.- The depreciation of the Chinese yuan in recent years has alsomade Chinese products more affordable and competitive in international markets.2. Import Expansion:- Imports have played an essential role in China's economic development. The country has imported raw materials, energy resources, and advanced technology to support its industrial upgrading and infrastructure construction.- China's growing middle class has led to an increase in consumer goods imports, satisfying the diverse demands of the domestic market.- The government has implemented policies to facilitate imports, such as reducing tariffs and simplifying customs procedures, to create a more favorable business environment.3. Global Implications:- China's dominant position in global trade has reshaped the international supply chain. Many countries have become dependent on China as a major export market and supplier.- The trade imbalance between China and some countries, particularly the United States, has been a source of tension. However, negotiations and agreements have been made to address these concerns and promote more balanced trade.- China's commitment to opening up its market and reducing trade barriers has been welcomed by the international community, as itcreates opportunities for foreign businesses to access the vast Chinese consumer market.Conclusion:China's import and export trade has been a crucial driver of its economic growth and global influence. As the country continues to evolve its trade policies and integrate further into the global economy, it will undoubtedly play a significant role in shaping the future of international trade.。
进出口贸易专业术语中英文对照
银行英语：出口信贷 export credit出口津贴 export subsidy商品倾销 dumping外汇倾销 exchange dumping优惠关税 special preferences保税仓库 bonded warehouse贸易顺差 favorable balance of trade贸易逆差 unfavorable balance of trade进口配额制 import quotas自由贸易区 free trade zone对外贸易值 value of foreign trade国际贸易值 value of international trade普遍优惠制 generalized system of preferences-GSP最惠国待遇 most-favored nation treatment-MFNT-------------------价格条件----------------------价格术语trade term (price term) 运费freight单价 price 码头费wharfage总值 total value 卸货费landing charges金额 amount 关税customs duty净价 net price 印花税stamp duty含佣价price including commission 港口税portdues回佣return commission 装运港portof shipment折扣discount,allowance 卸货港port of discharge批发价 wholesale price 目的港portof destination零售价 retail price 进口许口证inportlicence现货价格spot price 出口许口证exportlicence期货价格forward price现行价格（时价）current price prevailingprice国际市场价格 world(International)Marketprice离岸价（船上交货价）FOB-free on board成本加运费价（离岸加运费价） C&F-cost and freight到岸价（成本加运费、保险费价）CIF-cost,insurance and freight--------------------交货条件----------------------交货delivery 轮船steamship(缩写S.S)装运、装船shipment 租船charter (the chartered shep) 交货时间 time of delivery定程租船voyage charter; 装运期限time of shipment 定期租船time charter托运人（一般指出口商）shipper,consignor收货人consignee班轮regular shipping liner 驳船lighter舱位shipping space 油轮tanker报关clearance of goods 陆运收据cargo receipt提货to take delivery of goods空运提单airway bill 正本提单original B\L选择港（任意港）optional port选港费optional charges选港费由买方负担 optional charges to be borne by the Buyers 或 optional charges for Buyers account一月份装船 shipment during January 或January shipment一月底装船 shipment not later than Jan.31st.或shipment on or before Jan.31st.一/二月份装船 shipment during Jan./Feb.或 Jan./Feb. shipment在......(时间）分两批装船 shipment during....in two lots在......(时间）平均分两批装船 shipment during....in two equal lots分三个月装运 in three monthly shipments分三个月，每月平均装运 in three equal monthly shipments立即装运 immediate shipments即期装运 prompt shipments收到信用证后30天内装运 shipments within 30 days after receipt of L/C允许分批装船 partial shipment not allowed partial shipment not permittedpartial shipment not unacceptable---------------交易磋商、合同签订-----------------订单 indent 订货；订购 book; booking电复 cable reply 实盘 firm offer递盘 bid; bidding 递实盘 bid firm还盘 counter offer 发盘（发价) offer发实盘 offer firm 询盘（询价）inquiry;enquiry---------------交易磋商、合同签订-----------------指示性价格 price indication速复 reply immediately参考价 reference price习惯做法 usual practice交易磋商 business negotiation不受约束 without engagement业务洽谈 business discussion限**复 subject to reply **限* *复到 subject to reply reaching here **有效期限 time of validity有效至**: valid till **购货合同 purchase contract 销售合同sales contract购货确认书 purchase confirmation销售确认书 sales confirmation一般交易条件 general terms and conditions以未售出为准 subject to prior sale需经卖方确认 subject to sellers confirmation需经我方最后确认 subject to our final confirmation------------------贸易方式------------------------INT (拍卖auction) 寄售consignment招标invitation of tender投标submission of tender一般代理人agent 总代理人general agent代理协议agency agreement累计佣金accumulative commission补偿贸易compensation trade（或抵偿贸易）compensating/compensatory trade（又叫：往返贸易） counter trade来料加工processing on giving materials来料装配assembling on provided parts独家经营/专营权exclusive right独家经营/包销/代理协议exclusivity agreement独家代理 sole agency; sole agent; exclusive agency;exclusive agent-------------------品质条件-----------------------品质 quality 原样 original sample规格 specifications 复样 duplicate sample说明 description 对等样品countersample标准 standard type 参考样品reference sample商品目录 catalogue 封样 sealed sample宣传小册 pamphlet 公差 tolerance货号 article No. 花色（搭配）assortment样品 sample 5% 增减 5% plus or minus代表性样品 representative sample大路货（良好平均品质）fair average quality--------------------商检仲裁-----------------------索赔 claim 争议disputes罚金条款 penalty 仲裁arbitration不可抗力 force Majeure 仲裁庭arbitral tribunal产地证明书certificate of origin品质检验证书 inspection certificate of quanlity重量检验证书 inspection certificate of weight (quantity)**商品检验局 **commodity inspection bureau (*.C.I.B)品质、重量检验证书 inspectioncertificate---------------------数量条件-----------------------个数 number 净重 net weight容积 capacity 毛作净gross for net体积 volume 皮重 tare毛重 gross weight溢短装条款 more or less clause-----------------------外汇-------------------------外汇 foreign exchange 法定贬值devaluation外币 foreign currency 法定升值revaluation汇率 rate of exchange 浮动汇率floating rate国际收支 balance of payments 硬通货hard currency直接标价 direct quotation 软通货soft currency间接标价 indirect quotation 金平价gold standard买入汇率 buying rate 通货膨胀inflation卖出汇率 selling rate 固定汇率fixed rate金本位制度 gold standard 黄金输送点 gold points铸币平价 mint par 纸币制度 paper money system国际货币基金 international monetary fund黄金外汇储备 gold and foreign exchange reserve汇率波动的官定上下限 official upper and lower limits of fluctuation银行交易bank book/pass book存折open an account开户earn interest赚取利息savings account储蓄存款帐户current account活期存款帐户check/cheque account支票帐户deposit account定期存款帐户annual interest rate年利率monthly savings account按月计息帐户daily interest account按天计息帐户instant account速成户头 service charge服务费/手续费signature card签名卡 draw/withdraw 提款 order check/cheque记名支票 rubber check/cheque空头支票blank check/cheque空白支票 exchange rate汇率denomination=face value面额 four in hundred四张一百元面额give the money in fives/tens换成五元或十元面额bill钞票 change零钱cash现金 password/code 密码amount in figures小写金额 amount in words 大写金额credit card信用卡 the balance of your bank account帐户余额traveler’s check/chque 旅行支票 coin硬币penny便士 nickel（美、加）的五分硬币dime（美、加）的十分硬币 unit 货币单位value/worth面值 ounce盎司1/16磅commercial/merchant bank商业银行 full refund 全额偿还extension延期 overdraw/overdraft透支rebate回扣 payday发薪日pay slip/envelop 薪水单 mortgage抵押expense account公款支付帐户a princely sum(an excessive amount)巨款apply for/grant_______a loan申请/批准贷款debt债务 collateral担保物fill out/in填写chquebook/checkbook支票簿loan贷款 joint account联名帐户by installment分期付款cashier收银员teller银行职员 statement对帐单money order汇票 accountant会计 A.T.M自动取款机（M0）money in circulation 流通中的现金（M1） narrow money 狭义货币（M2） broad money 广义货币a minimum living standard system 最低生活保障系统Account 帐户Accounting equation 会计等式Accounting system 会计系统All Risks 一切险American Accounting Association 美国会计协会American Institute of CPAs 美国注册会计师协会Articulation 勾稽关系Assets 资产Audit 审计bad account 坏帐Balance sheet 资产负债表bear market 熊市blank endorsed 空白背书Bookkeepking 簿记bull market 牛市Business entity 企业个体Capital stock 股本cargo receipt 承运货物收据Cash flow prospects 现金流量预测catalogue 商品目录Certificate in Internal Auditing内部审计证书Certificate in Management Accounting 管理会计证书Certificate Public Accountant 注册会计师China Securities Regulatory Commission 中国证监会China's "Big Four" commercial banks中国四大商业银行close-ended fund 封闭式基金commission 佣金consignee 收货人Corporation 公司Cost accounting 成本会计cost and freightCFR 成本加运费价格cost insurance and freightCIF 成本加运保费Cost principle 成本原则Creditor 债权人cut a melon 分红dead account 呆帐Deflation 通货紧缩delivery 交货Disclosure 批露dividend，bonus stock 股息，红利downturn 低迷时期endorsed 背书enforce stockholding system 实行股份制Expenses 费用export department 出口部External users 外部使用者F.P.A.(Free from Particular Average) 平安险F.W.R.D.(Fresh Water Rain Damage) 淡水雨淋险face value 面值fees－for－tax reFORM 费改税Financial accounting 财务会计Financial Accounting Standards Board 财务会计准则委员会Financial activities 筹资活动Financial forecast 财务预测Financial statement 财务报表foreign exchange reservers 外汇储备futures market 期货市场Generally accepted accounting principles 公认会计原则General-purpose inFORMation 通用目的信息genetically－modified products 基因改良产品Going-concern assumption 持续经营假设Government Accounting Office govern会计办公室Hook Damage 钩损险import department 进口部Income statement 损益表income tax 所得税indicative price 参考价格Inflation 通货膨涨Inquiry 询盘Institute of Internal Auditors 内部审计师协会Institute of Management Accountants管理会计师协会Integrity 整合性Internal auditing 内部审计Internal control structure 内部控制结构Internal Revenue Service 国内收入署Internal users 内部使用者Investing activities 投资活动knowledge-based economy 知识经济labour-intensive economy 劳动密集型经济Liabilities 负债Management accounting 管理会计marine bills of lading 海运提单national bonds 国债nationalize；nationalization 国有化Negative cash flow 负现金流量non-perFORMing loan 不良贷款non-work income 非劳动收入notify 被通知人open-ended fund 开放式基金Operating activities 经营活动order 订货outstanding of deposits 存款余额Owner's equity 所有者权益partial shipment 分批装运Partnership 合伙企业Positive cash flow 正现金流量press conference 记者招待会price list 价目表privatize；privatization 私有化proactive fiscal measures 积极的财政政策promote independent decision－making by state－owned enterprises 提高企业自主权public relations department公关部publicly owned economy 公有经济recession 衰退时期rectify the market order 整顿市场秩序reduce state's stake in listed companies 国有股减持restraint of trade 贸易管制Retained earning 留存利润Return of investment 投资回报Return on investment 投资报酬Revenue 收入Risk of Intermixture and Contamination 混杂、玷污险Risk of Leakage 渗漏险Risk of odor 串味险Risk of Rust 锈蚀险sales terms and conditions销售条件Securities and Exchange Commission 证券交易委员会shareholding system; joint-stock system 股份制shipping order 托运单Shortage Risk 短缺险Sole proprietorship 独资企业Solvency 清偿能力specification 规格Stable-dollar assumption 稳定货币假设state stock reduction 国有股减持Statement of cash flow 现金流量表Statement of financial position 财务状况表steady monetary policies 稳健的货币政策Stockholders 股东Stockholders' equity 股东权益streghten the government's macro - regulatory functions 加强govern宏观调控作用Strikes Risk 罢工险T.P.N.D.( Theft,Pilferage & Non-delivery) 偷窃提货不着险Tax accounting 税务会计technology-intensive economy 技术密集型经济the Dow Jones industrial average 道琼斯工业平均指数the first majority shareholder 第一大股东the Hang Seng index 恒生指数thin trade 交易薄弱to become the majority shareholder/to take a controlling stake 控股to expand domestic demand 扩大内需value-added tax 增值税W.A./W.P.A(With Average or With Particular Average) 水渍险War Risk 战争险Window dressing 门面粉饰year-on-year 与去年同期数字相比的bull market: 牛市，多头市场bear market :熊市，空头市场股息，红利 dividend or bonus stock国民生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product)人均国民生产总值 per capita GNP产值 output value鼓励 give incentive to投入 input宏观控制 exercise macro-control优化经济结构 optimize the economic structure输入活力 bring vigor into改善经济环境 improve economic environment整顿经济秩序 rectify economic order有效地控制通货膨胀 effectively control inflation非公有成分 non-public sectors主要成分 dominant sector实在的 tangible全体会议 plenary session解放生产力 liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces引入歧途 lead one to a blind alley举措 move实事求是 seek truth from facts引进、输入 importation和平演变 peaceful evolution试一下 have a go (at sth.)精华、精粹、实质 quintessence家庭联产责任承包制 family-contract responsibility system搞活企业 invigorate enterprises商品经济 commodity economy基石 cornerstone零售 retail发电量 electric energy production有色金属 nonferrous metals人均收入 per capita income使负担 be saddled with营业发达的公司 going concerns被兼并或挤掉 annexed or forced out of business善于接受的 receptive增额、增值、增长 increment发展过快 excessive growth抽样调查 data from the sample survey扣除物价上涨部分 price increase are deducted(excluded)实际增长率 actual growth rate国际收支 international balance of payments流通制度 circulation system总工资 total wages分配形式 FORMs of distribution风险资金 risk funds管理不善 poor management一个中心、两个基本点one central task and two basic points以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则（1）社会主义道路（2）党的领导（3）人民民主专政（4）马列主义\*\*\*思想、坚持改革开放the central task refers to economic construction and two basic points are the four cardinal principles - adherence to the socialist road, to Communist Party leadership, to the people's democratic dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought - and persisting in reFORM and opening.改革是"社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展"。
双优及买贷专业术语
双优项目及商业买贷专业术语英汉对照中国政府对外优惠贷款Chinese Government Concessional Loan中国开发银行China Development Bank (CDB)抵押品Collateral承诺费Commitment Fee商业信贷参考利率Commercial Interest Reference Rate (CIRR)商业贷款Commercial Loan信用贷款Credit Loan信用级别Credit Rating支付日Disbursement Date首期付款，分期付款的定金Downpayment授信时间表Drawdown Schedule出口买方信贷Export Buyer’s Credit可行性研究报告Feasibility Study Report (FSR)财务报表Financial Statesments出资金额Financed Amount框架协议Framework Agreement宽限期Grace Period贷款利率Interest Rate指示性条款说明Indicative Term Sheet保险费用Insurance Premium意向书Letter of Intent按揭批准通知书Letter of Offer伦敦银行间拆放款利率LIBOR(London Interbank Offered Rate)贷款协议Loan Agreement当地财务出资部分Local Financing Portion/counterpart浮动Margin谅解备忘录Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)世界经济合作与发展组织Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)优惠出口买方信贷Preferential Export Buyer’s Credit本金偿还期Principal Repayment Term风险承担费用Risk Exposure Fee中国出口信用保险公司Sinosure (China Export & Credit Insurance Corporation)主权担保Sovereign Guarantee中国进出口银行the Export-Import Bank of China (EXIM Bank)定期贷款,分期偿还贷款Term Loan合约期Tenor东京银行间拆放款利率TIBOR(Tokyo Interbank Offered Rate)。
进出口贸易专业术语中英文对照
银行英语：净价net price印花税stamp duty出口信贷export credit含佣价price including commission港口subsidy出口津贴export税portduesdumping商品倾销回佣return commission装运港portofshipmentdumping外汇倾销exchange折扣discount,allowance卸货港portpreferences优惠关税special of dischargewarehouse保税仓库bonded批发价wholesale price目的港portof destination trade of balance贸易顺差favorable零售价retail price进口许口证trade贸易逆差unfavorable balanceof inportlicence quotasimport进口配额制现货价格spot price出口许口证exportlicence trade zone自由贸易区free期货价格forward price tradeforeignofvalue对外贸易值现行价格（时价）current price internationaltrade国际贸易值valueof prevailingprice of普遍优惠制generalized system(International)国际市场价格world preferences-GSP Marketprice most-favored nation最惠国待遇board on FOB-free离岸价（船上交货价）treatment-MFNT C&F-cost成本加运费价（离岸加运费价）-------------------价格条件------------and freight----------到岸价（成本加运费、保险费价）CIF-价格术语tradeterm(priceterm) 运freightcost,insurance and费freight交货条件-------------------------------码头费price单价-----------wharfage steamship(缩写轮船交货delivery总值卸货费 valuetotal S.S)landing charges(theshipment租船charter装运、装船amount金额关税deliveryof chartered shep)交货时间time customsduty voyage charter;装运期限time定程租船charter time定期租船shipment of托运人（一般指出口商）shipper,consignor即期装运prompt shipments收到信用证后30天内装运shipments收货人consigneewithin30days after receipt of L/C班轮regular shipping liner 驳船允许分批装船partial shipment not lighter allowed partial shipment not permitted 油轮舱位shipping spacepartial shipment not unacceptable tanker---------------交易磋商、合同签订 goods陆运收据------报关clearance of-----------receipt cargo订单indent订货；订购提货to take deliveryof goodsbook;bookingbill正本提单airway空运提单电复cable reply 实盘firm offer B\Loriginal递盘bid;bidding 递实盘bid firm选择港（任意港） optional port发盘（发价)offer optional选港费charges还盘counter offer be选港费由买方负担optionalcharges to询盘（询价）borneby theBuyers或optional chargesfor发实盘offer firm Buyersaccountinquiry;enquiry------或January---------------交易磋商、合同签订duringshipment一月份装船-----------shipmentJanuaryindication price一月底装船shipmentnotlater than指示性价格Jan.31st.beforeoronshipment或Jan.31st.immediatelyreply速复/一二月份装船Jan./Feb.shipmentduring pricereference参考价shipment或Jan./Feb.practice习惯做法usual......(在shipment时间）分两批装船twoduring....in lots交易磋商business negotiation......(在时间）平均分两批装船shipment engagement without不受约束during....in two equallotsdiscussionbusiness业务洽谈threein分三个月装运shipments monthly**toreply限**复subject three in分三个月，每月平均装运equal monthlyshipments reachingreplytosubject复到限****here shipments immediate立即装运．有效期限time of validity来料装配assembling on provided parts独家经营/valid till**专营权exclusive right有效至**:独家经营/包销/代理协议购货合同purchase contract 销售合同exclusivityagreement sales contract独家代理sole agency;purchase购货确认书confirmation sole agent;exclusive agency;销售确认书salesconfirmationexclusive agentterms and一般交易条件general-------------------品质条件------------conditions-----------sale to prior以未售出为准subject品质quality原样original需经卖方确认subject sellersto sampleconfirmation规格specifications复样duplicatetofinal our需经我方最后确认subject sampleconfirmation说明description对等样品------------------贸易方式-------------countersample-----------标准standard type参考样品auction) 拍卖INT(寄售reference sampleconsignment商品目录catalogue封样sealedinvitation招标tenderof sampletender投标submissionof宣传小册pamphlet公差tolerance总代理人 agent 一般代理人货号article No.花色（搭配）general agentassortmentagreement代理协议agency样品sample5%增减5%plus orminuscommissionaccumulative累计佣金代表性样品representative samplecompensation补偿贸易trade大路货（良好平均品质）fair average（或抵偿贸易） qualitycompensating/compensatory trade--------------------商检仲裁-----------counter（又叫：往返贸易） trade------------materials giving on processing来料加工disputes争议 claim 索赔．罚金条款penalty仲裁国际收支balance of payments硬通货hard arbitration currency直接标价direct quotation 软通货不可抗力force Majeure 仲裁庭soft currency arbitral tribunal间接标价indirect quotationof产地证明书certificate origin金平价gold standardof品质检验证书inspectioncertificate买入汇率buying rate 通货膨胀quanlity inflationofcertificate重量检验证书inspection卖出汇率selling rate 固定汇率(quantity)weightfixed rateinspection**commodity**商品检验局金本位制度gold standard黄金输送bureau(*.C.I.B)点gold points品质、重量检验证书inspection铸币平价mint par纸币制度paper certificate money system---------------------数量条件----------国际货币基金international monetary-------------fund个数number 净重net黄金外汇储备gold and foreign exchange weight reserve毛作净 capacity容积汇率波动的官定上下限official upper and grossfornetlower limits of fluctuation皮重tare volume 体积银行交易weight gross毛重bank book/pass book存折less clauseormore溢短装条款open an account开户-----------汇外-----------------------earn interest赚取利息--------------savings account储蓄存款帐户 exchange foreign外汇法定贬值devaluationcurrentaccount活期存款帐户foreign外币currency法定升值check/cheque account支票帐户revaluationdeposit account定期存款帐户exchange of rate汇率浮动汇率floatingrate年利率rate interest annualmonthly savings account按月计息帐户All Risks一切险American按天计息帐户Accounting Association美国会accountdaily interest计协会instant account速成户头service charge服务签名卡signature card费/手续费American Institute of CPAs美国注册会计记名支check/cheque draw/withdraw提款order师协会blank票rubber check/cheque空头支票check/cheque汇率exchange rate空白支票Articulation勾稽关系hundredin value面额four denomination=face the money in fives/tens四张一百元面额giveAssets资产cash换成五元或十元面额bill钞票change零钱密码现金password/code amount in figures小Audit审计cardwordsin大写金额credit写金额amount帐户bank account your信用卡the balance of bad account坏帐coin旅行支票余额traveler'scheck/chque（美、加）的五分硬币nickel硬币penny便士Balance sheet资产负债表货币单位dime（美、加）的十分硬币unit1/16磅盎司面值value/worth ounce bear market熊市fullbankcommercial/merchant商业银行refund延期extension全额偿还blank endorsed空白背书发回扣透支overdraw/overdraft rebate payday薪日mortgage抵押薪水单pay slip/envelop Bookkeepking簿记princelyaaccountexpense公款支付帐户bull market牛市applyamount)excessivesum(an巨款loandebt债申请/批准贷款for/grant_______aBusiness entity企业个体务collateral填写担保物fillout/in贷款joint chquebook/checkbook支票簿loanCapital stock股本分期付款account联名帐户byinstallment银行职员statement对帐cashier收银员tellercargo receipt承运货物收据单moneyorder汇票accountant会计 A.T.M自动取款机Cash flow prospects现金流量预测）（M0money incirculation流通中的现金catalogue商品目录moneynarrow）M1（狭义货币Certificate in Internal Auditing内部审计证书money M2（）broad广义货币Certificate in Management Accounting管system standardliving minimuma最低生理会计证书活保障系统注册会计Accountant CertificatePublic Account帐户师会计等式equation Accounting Commission ChinaSecuritiesRegulatory中国证监会会计系统system AccountingChina's Big潆牵commercial banks中 F.W.R.D.(Fresh Water Rain Damage)淡水雨淋险国四大商业银行face value封闭式基金面值close-ended fundfeescommission佣金－for－tax reFORM费改税Financial accounting收货人财务会计consigneeFinancial Corporation公司Accounting Standards Board财务会计准则委员会成本会计Cost accountingFinancial activities筹资活动costand freightCFR成本加运费价格Financial forecast财务预测成本加运andinsurance freightCIF costFinancial statement财务报表保费foreign exchange reservers Cost principle成本原则外汇储备futures market债权人Creditor期货市场分红cut amelon Generally accepted accountingprinciples公认会计原则accountdead呆帐General-purpose inFORMation通用目的信Deflation通货紧缩息交货deliverygenetically－modified products基因改良产品批露DisclosureGoing-concern assumption持续经营假设stockbonus，股息，红利dividendGovernment Accounting Office govern会downturn低迷时期计办公室背书endorsed Hook Damage钩损险stockholding enforce实行股份制systemimport department进口部费用ExpensesIncome statement损益表出口部exportdepartmentincome tax所得税外部使用者users External indicative price参考价格from F.P.A.(Free平Average)Particular通货膨涨Inflation安险．所有者权益Owner's询盘Inquiry equity分批装运partialInstitute of Internal Auditors内部审计shipment师协会合伙企业Partnership管Institute of Management Accountants正现金流量flow Positive cash理会计师协会记者招待会conference press Integrity整合性价目表list price内部审计Internal auditing私有化；privatization privatize structure内部控制结构Internal control积极的财政政measures proactive fiscal Service国内收入署RevenueInternal策内部使用者users Internal bymaking independent decision－promote投资活动activitiesInvesting提高企业自主权enterprises state－owned公关部relations department knowledge-based economy知识经济public公有经济owned劳动密集型经济economylabour-intensive economypublicly衰退时期recession Liabilities负债整顿市场秩序market order管理会计Management accounting rectify themarinebillsof lading海运提单listed in reduce state's stake国有股减持companies 国债bondsnational贸易管制trade restraint ofnationalization国有化；nationalize留存利润earning RetainedcashNegative flow负现金流量投资回报of investmentReturn不良贷款non-perFORMingloan投资报酬on investmentReturn非劳动收入income non-work收入Revenue被通知人notify andContamination of Intermixture Risk开放式基金fund open-ended 混杂、玷污险activities Operating经营活动渗漏险Leakage ofRiskorder订货串味险Riskof odoroutstanding of deposits存款余额锈蚀险Rust of Risksales terms and conditions销售条件the Dow Jones industrial average道琼斯工业平均指数证券and Exchange CommissionSecuritiesthe first majority shareholder第一大股交易委员会东systemsystem;joint-stockshareholdingthe Hang Seng index恒生指数股份制thin trade交易薄弱托运单shipping order短缺险Shortage Riskto become the majority shareholder/totake a controlling stake控股独资企业Sole proprietorshipto expand domestic demand扩大内需清偿能力Solvency value-added tax增值税规格specification W.A./W.P.A(With Average or With稳定货币假设Stable-dollarassumptionParticular Average)水渍险国有股减持stockstate reductionWar Risk战争险of cashflow现金流量表StatementWindow dressing门面粉饰position财务状financialofStatement year-on-year与去年同期数字相比的况表bull market:牛市，多头市场policies稳健的货币政策steadymonetary bear market:熊市，空头市场股东Stockholders股息，红利dividend or bonus stockStockholders'equity股东权益国民生产总值GNP(Gross National-macro government'sthe streghten Product)govern加强functionsregulatory宏观调控作人均国民生产总值per capita GNP用产值Risk Strikes罢工险output value鼓励give incentive to Non-&Theft,PilferageT.P.N.D.(delivery)偷窃提货不着险投入inputaccounting Tax税务会计宏观控制exercise macro-controleconomy technology-intensive技术密集型优化经济结构optimize the economic经济structure输入活力bring vigor into人均收入per capita income使负担be改善经济环境improve economic saddled withenvironment营业发达的公司going concerns整顿经济秩序rectify economic order被兼并或挤掉annexed or forced out ofcontrol有效地控制通货膨胀effectivelybusinessinflation善于接受的receptivenon-public sectors非公有成分增额、增值、增长incrementsector主要成分dominant发展过快excessive growth实在的tangible抽样调查data from the sample surveyplenary session全体会议扣除物价上涨部分price increase are解放生产力liberate/unshackle/releasededucted(excluded)forces theproductive实际增长率actual growth ratea alleyblind tolead引入歧途one国际收支international balance of举措movepaymentsseek实事求是truth factsfrom流通制度circulation system总工资引进、输入importation total wages分配形式evolutionpeaceful和平演变FORMs of distribution风险资金risk funds试一下haveago(atsth.)管理不善poor managementquintessence精华、精粹、实质一个中心、两个基本点one central家庭联产责任承包制family-contract taskand two responsibilitysystem basic points以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则（invigorate搞活企业1）enterprises）人民民主专政2）党的领导（3社会主义道路（商品经济commodity economy思想、坚持改革开放）马列主义\*\*\*（4cornerstone基石economicreferstask tothe central thearepointsandconstruction two basic零售retail theto-adherence principlesfour cardinal CommunistParty socialist road,to发电量energy electricproduction democratic to thepeople's leadership,and Marxism-Leninism to and dictatorship metals nonferrous有色金属资本主义和社会主义并不是以计划经济和市inand persisting ZedongMao Thought-场的多少来划分的。
进出口贸易专用词
PI = Proforma Invoice 形式发票, 估价发票, 试算发票, 备考货单作用：1.让客户知道自己买的什么，数量多少，单价多少以及总值；2.客户用以办理申请开立信用证或其他付款方式的单据。
形式发票Proforma Invoice (PI) 其作用等同于报价单!做好报价单就能安排生产吗?那做贸易不是太简单啦?形式发票只有经过双方签字后,就意味着合同生效!—–但仅仅合同生效,也不一定就要安排生产——通常要等LC或者预付款收到以后才能安排生产的!Proforma Invoice做好后还不能安排生产的.它的另一作用就作合同之用.需双方盖章(stamp)才能生效!我的英国客户每次都喜欢用PI的形式作合同之用,而且当他收到PI后都会付订金的!形式发票还可以用于其他需要结算的场合。
(1)用于预付货款，即在装货前要求现金支付。
(2)在寄售方式中，出口的货物没有确定的销售合约，而是放在代理商手中，对代理商来说，形式发票可以作为向潜在的买方报价的指南。
(3)如果是投标，形式发票可以使买方在许多相互竞争的供货商中按合理的价格和销售条件签订销售合同。
易损件：wearing parts备件：spare part消耗件：consumable part操作更换件：Operating change Partsyou did not make it very clear in your question.if the part is easily broken, you may say it is a 'fragile' or 'vulnerable' part.or if the part is easily worn out, you may it is a 'easily wearing' part.just suggestion for you to make it more specific when you post question next time.PI = Proforma Invoice 形式发票, 估价发票, 试算发票, 备考货单作用：1.让客户知道自己买的什么，数量多少，单价多少以及总值；2.客户用以办理申请开立信用证或其他付款方式的单据。
金融外汇买卖相关英语词汇翻译
金融外汇买卖相关英语词汇翻译accepted 承兑accrued interest累计利息advance 放款american style 美式选择权appreciation 升值arbitrage 套利交易asset allocation 资产分配原则asset swap 就持有的资产利息进行交换asset/liability management 资产负债管理assets liquidity 资产的流动性assets safety 资产安全assets yield 资产的获利性at the money (atm) 价平auction 标售authority letter 授权书banker’s acceptance银行承兑汇票basis swap (floating -against floating irs) bear call spread 买权看空价差bear put spread 卖权看空价差bearer form 持有人形式best order 最佳价格交易指示单bid rate 借入利率（或买入价格，汇率）big figure 大数（交易时忽略不报的前几位数）book entry form 无实体形式break-even exchange rate 两平点汇率bretton woods system 布莱登国际货币制度broken date 畸零天期(见odd date)bull call spread 买权看多价差bull put spread 卖权看多价差buy call 买入买权buy or sell forward 买卖远期buy or sell spot 买卖即期buy put 买入卖权buyer 买方calendar spread 水平式价差策略call option 买权calling customer 询价者calling party 询价者cash flow book 现金流量登记薄cash flow gap 现金流量缺口cash flow gap 资金缺口cash flow projection现金流量之预期cash 当日交割cd(certificate of deposit) 存单chain method 联算法chief money dealer首席货币交易员clearing house 清算所commercial hedge 进出口商避险commercial paper商业本票commodity futures trading commission 美国期货交易委员会competitive bid 竞标contract date 定约日contract limit 契约额度contract risk 契约风险counter party 交易对手country limit 国家额度coupon rate 票面利率coupon swap (fixed-against floating irs)cover 补回，冲销covered interest arbitrage 无汇率波动风险的套利操作credit risk 信用风险cross hedge 交叉避险cross rates 交叉汇率（通过第三种货币计算两种货币的汇率）currency future 外汇期货currency futures contracts 外汇期货契约currency futures 外汇期货current yield 当期收益率cut off time 营业截止时间day trading 当日冲销（使当日净部位为零）dealer’s authority 交易权限dealing day 交易日dealing room 交易室dealing ticket 交易单delivery date 交割日direct quotation=price quotation直接报价discount 贴水dj index future 道·琼斯指数期货合约draft 汇票duration 存续期间easy money 低价货币effective interest rate 有效利率engineered swap transaction操纵式换率交易（将买入卖出两个不同交易合并，使其具有换汇交易的效果）european currency unit(ecu)欧洲货币单位exchange control system 外汇管制制度exercise price 履约价格expiry date 到期日face value 面值（股票、票据上记载的名目价值）firm market 行情坚挺的市场firm order 确定指示单fixed exchange rate system 固定汇率制定fixed rate liability 利率固定负债fixing date 指标利率定订基准日flat yield curve 水平收益率曲线floating exchange 浮动汇率制度floor broker 场内经纪商floor trader 场内交易商follow up action 动态策略forward against forward远期对远期换汇交易forward rate agreement（fra）远期利率协定forward rate 远期汇率forward value date 远期外汇到期日ft-se 100 index future 伦敦金融时报指数期货futures 期货fx risk 汇率风险gapping 期差操作general floating 普遍浮动generic swap 标准型的irs 交易gold exchange standard金汇兑本位制度gold export point 黄金输出点gold rush 黄金抢购风gold standard 金本位制度government bonds 政府债券group of twenty 20国委员会hang seng index 恒生估价指数hedging interest rate risk规避利率波动风险hit 询价者以bid rate 卖出被报价币给报价银行holding position 持有部位if order 附条件交易指示单imm 芝加哥国际货币市场in the money (itm) 价内index swap 利率交换indirect quotation=quantity quotation 间接报价inter bank offer rates 银行同业拆放利率interest rate futures 利率期货interest rate parity theory 利率平价理论interest rate return 报酬率interest rate swaps(irs)利率交换intermediary 中间人international payment system 国际支付制度intra day limit 日间额度intra-day trader日间交易者，短线交易员intrinsic value 隐含价值junior money dealer资浅货币交易员libor 伦敦银行同业拆借利率liffe 伦敦国际金融期货交易所line of credit 信用额度line of limit 额度限制liquidity premium流通性风险补贴london inter bank bid rate (libid) 伦敦银行间存款利率long butterfly call spread 买入碟式买权价差long butterfly put spread 买入碟式卖权价差long currency future contract 买入外汇期货契约long straddle 买入跨式部位，下跨式部位long strangle 买入不同履约价格的跨式部位margin call 追加保证金margin trading 保证金交易mark to market 调整至市场价market order 市场价格指示单mismatch gapping 到期缺口money market swap irs持有时间短于两年者money position 货币部位long position 买超或长部位（借入的金额大于贷）monthly limit 每月限额multiple currency reserve system多种货币准备制度nasdaq index future 纳斯达克指数期货near the money 价近negative yield curve 负收益率曲线negotiable certificate of deposit 可转让定期存单net mismatch 净缺口nikki index future 日经指数期货nominal interest rate 名目利率nominal interest rate名目利率（票面或双方约定的利率，减通货膨胀等于实质利率）non earning asset 非利率敏感资产non profitable liability非利率敏感负债non reference currency 报价币notional amount 承作金额odd date（odd maturity）畸零天期，畸零期（fx交易非整周整月的日期，如10天，40天）off-balance sheet 表外交易工具（衍生性金融产品）offer rate 贷放利率（或卖出价格，汇率）offset 对冲，轧平open spot net position 即期净部位operation risk 作业风险option date forward 任选交割日的远期汇率option 选择权options reserve 选择权保留额度order 交易指示单out of the money(otm) 价外outright forward 远期直接汇率over the counter店头市场，柜台交易市场overall limit 总合限额overbought 买超overnight(o/n) 当日交割之隔夜拆放oversold 卖超par 报价与被报价币的利率相同，换汇汇率为零。
金融术语中英文对照
Back-door listing 借壳上市Back-end load 撤离费；后收费用Back office 后勤办公室Back to back FX agreement 背靠背外汇协议Balance of payments 国际收支平衡；收支结余Balance of trade 贸易平衡Balance sheet 资产负债表Balance sheet date 年结日Balloon maturity 到期大额偿还Balloon payment 期末大额偿还Bank, Banker, Banking 银行；银行家；银行业Bank for国际结算银行International Settlements(BIS)Bankruptcy 破产Base day 基准日Base rate 基准利率Basel Capital Accord 巴塞尔资本协议Basis Point (BP) 基点；点子一个基点等如一个百分点（%）的百分之一。
举例：25个基点=0.25%Basis swap 基准掉期Basket of currencies 一揽子货币Basket warrant 一揽子备兑证Bear market 熊市；股市行情看淡Bear position 空仓；空头Bear raid 疯狂抛售Bearer 持票人Bearer stock 不记名股票Behind-the-scene 未开拓市场Below par 低于平值Benchmark 比较基准Benchmark mortgage pool 按揭贷款基准组合Beneficiary 受益人Bermudan option 百慕大期权百慕大期权介乎美式与欧式之间，持有人有权在到期日前的一个或多个日期执行期权。
Best practice 最佳做法；典范做法Beta (Market beta) 贝他(系数)；市场风险指数Bid 出价；投标价；买盘指由买方报出表示愿意按此水平买入的一个价格。
期货期权英语词汇
1 Futures market 期货市场2 Futures contract 期货合约3 Financial futures 金融期货4 Commodity futures 商品期货5 Financial futures contract 金融期货合约6 Currency futures contract 货币期货合约7 Interest rate futures contract 利率期货合约8 Stock index futures contract 股票指数期货合约9 Financial forward contract 金融远期合约10 Clearing house 清算所11 Initial margins 初始保证金12 Settlement 交割13 Short seller 卖空者14 The Gilts 金边债券15 Futures delivery 期货交割16 Futures transaction 期货交易17 Hedging mechanism 规避机制18 Market expectation 市场预期19 To defuse(attempted monopoly positions) 冲破（形成的市场垄断状况）20 Net settlement status 净结算状况，净结算头寸21 Synthetic financial futures positon 综合金融期货头寸22 Status inquiry 信用状况调查23 Stock indexes 股票指数24 Stock index futures 股票指数期货25 Currency futures 外币期货26 Distant futures 远期期货27 Nearby futures 近期期货28 On a discount basis 以折价形式29 A long position 多头部位，利多形势30 A short position 空头部位，短缺头寸31 Short purchase 买空，空头补进32 Shifting risk 转嫁风险，转移风险33 Basis risk 基差风险34 Converge 集聚，（为共同利益而）结合一起35 Swing 变动（幅度），摆动，涨跌36 Cross hedge 交叉套做37 V olatile 易变的，不稳定的38 V olatile market 不稳定的市场行情39 Margin money 预收保证金，开设信用证保证金40 position 头寸，交易部位，部位41 Long position 多头寸，买进的期货合同42 Short position 空头43 Exchange position 外汇头寸，外汇动态44 Interest position 利率头寸45 Swap position 调期汇率头寸46 Square position 差额轧平（未抵冲的外汇买卖余额的轧平状况）47 Brokerage firm 经纪商（号）48 Security bond 保付单49 Post 登记总帐，过帐50 Brokerage 经纪业，付给经纪人的佣金51 FX futures contract 外汇期货合约52 Foreign currency futures 外汇期货53 Futures price 期货价格54 Go long 买金，多头55 Total FX portfolio 外汇投资总额56 A long position 多头寸，买进的期货合约57 Go short 短缺，卖空，空头58 A short position 空头，卖出的期货合约59 Place an order 订购，下单60 Trading pit 交易场61 Open outcry 公开喊价，公开叫价62 Floor broker 场内经纪人63 Transactions costs 交易费用64 Zero-sum game 零和竞争65 Current futures price 现时的期货价格66 The open interest 未结清权益67 Building agreement 具有约束力的协定68 Pay up 付清，缴清69 In force （法律上的）有效的70 Kill a bet 终止赌博71 Settlement price 结算价格72 Date of delivery 交割期73 Point of delivery 交割地点74 Futures commission merchants 期货经纪公司75 Market order 市价订单76 Time order 限时订单77 Opening order 开市价订单78 Closing order 收市价订单79 Basis order 基差订单80 Corners 垄断81 Outright positon 单笔头寸82 Direct hedging 直接套做83 Indirect hedging 间接套做84 Short hedging 空头套做85 Long arbitrage 多头套做86 Back spreads 反套利87 Margin call 保证金统治88 Price discovery 价格发现1 Option 期权，选择权，买卖权2 Call and put options 买入期权和卖出期权3 Option buyer 期权的买方4 Option seller 期权的卖方5 Underlying securities 标的证券6 Exercise price, striking price 履约价格，认购价格7 Option fee =option premium or premium on option 期权费8 Intrinsic value 实际价值，内部价值9 Intrinsic utility 内在效用10 Arbitrage opportunity 套价机会11 Arbitrage 套购，套利，套汇12 Arbitrage of exchange or stock 套汇或套股13 Speculation on foreign exchange 外汇投机14 Speculation in stock 股票投机15 To be hedging 进行套做保值16 A put option on a debt security 债务证券的卖出期权17 Call options on an equity 权益（证券）的买入期权18 Cover 弥补，补进（卖完的商品等）19 Write 签发，签署，承保，编写20 Margin call 追加保证金的通知21 Close out 平仓，结清（帐）22 Notional sum 名义金额23 Notional principal 名义本金24 Equity portfolio 股票资产25 predetermined 预先约定的26 Strike price 协定价格27 Put (option) 卖方期权，看跌期权28 Call (option) 买方期权，看涨期权29 Open market 公开市场30 premium 期权费31 downside 下降趋势32 Open-ended 开口的，无限制的，无限度的33 Out-of-the-money 无内在价值的期权34 In-the-money 有内在价值的期权35 At-the-money 平值期权36 Crop up(out) 出现，呈现37 cap 带利率上限的期权38 floor 带利率下限的期权39 collar 带利率上限的期权40 Break-even 不亏不盈，收支相抵41 asymmetry 不对称42 symmetry 对称43 Sell forward 远期卖出44 Up-front fee 预付费用，先期费用45 Change hands 交换，换手46 Contractual value 合同价格47 Over-the-counter 场外的，不同过交易所的48 customize 按顾客要求制作49 Futures margin期货保证金50 Initial margin初始保证金51 Open position 头寸52 Maintenance margin最低保证金，维持保证金53 Variation margin盈亏保证金，变动保证54 Market makers 造市者55 Extrinsic value 外在价值56 Contracts of difference 差异合约57 Market-clearing 市场结算58 Adaptive expectations 适应性预期59 Bid-ask spread 递盘虚盘差价60 Small-order automatic system 小额定单执行系统61 dealers 批发商62 Dual trading 双重交易63 Mature liquid contracts 到期合约64 Back wardation 现货溢价65 Nearby contract 近期合约66 Short-lived securities 短期有效证券67 Cash-and-carry arbitrage 现货持有套利68 Open positions 敞口头寸69 Uncovered interest arbitrage 未担保利率套利70 prumium 期权权利金71 Call-options 认购期权72 Put-options 认售期权73 speculation 投机74 Cross hedging 交叉保值75 Hedging risk 套期保值风险76 Synthetic options 合成期权77 Option purchase price 期权的购进价格78 Options on futures contract 期货合同的期权交易79 Forward swap 远期掉期80 Swap rate 掉期率81 Risk transformation 风险转移82 Contract size 合约容量83 Daily limit 每日涨跌停板84 Double option 双向期权。
金融英语词汇
金融英语词汇a flat percentage rate of income 统一比率的所得税税率。
a long position 多头部位，利多形势。
a long position 多头寸；买进的期货合同。
a put option on a debt security 债务证券的卖出期权。
a sales slip 签购单据，售货清单。
a short position 空头部位，短缺头寸。
a short position 空头；卖出的期货合同。
a tax return 税务申报表。
abnormal depreciation 特别折旧。
abnormal spoilage 非正常损坏。
aboriginal cost 原始成本。
acceptance bank 票据承兑行acceptance method 承兑方式。
acceptance risks 承兑风险。
accepting bank 承兑银行accessory risks 附加保险，附加险。
accident insurance 意外保险。
(不包括海上，火灾和人寿保险)。
accommodation of funds 资金融通。
accompany vt.附带，伴随，陪同account charges 账户费用account current (A/C,a/c) 往来帐户account number (A/N) 帐号account statement 帐户清单accounting exposure 会计风险。
accounting risks 会计风险。
accounting value 帐面价值。
accounts of assured 保险帐户。
accrued bond interest 应计债券利息accrued depreciation 应计折旧。
accrued dividend 应计股利acknowledgement of declaration (under op 预约保险申报确认书。
中国进出口的英语作文高中
中国进出口的英语作文高中China's import and export business has been thriving in recent years. With its booming economy and increasing global influence, China has become one of the world's largest trading nations. Its import and export activities cover a wide range of industries, including electronics, textiles, machinery, and agriculture.Chinese exports are known for their competitive prices and high quality. Chinese manufacturers have been able to produce goods at a lower cost, making them attractive to buyers around the world. From smartphones to clothing, "Made in China" products have become ubiquitous in global markets.On the other hand, China's imports have also been on the rise. The country's growing middle class has a strong demand for foreign goods, especially luxury items and high-end technology. Imported cars, designer clothes, and premium electronics have become increasingly popular amongChinese consumers.China's import and export business has not been without challenges. The country has faced trade disputes with other nations, leading to tariffs and restrictions on certain products. However, China has been proactive in finding solutions and diversifying its trading partners. It has been actively exploring new markets in Africa, Latin America, and Southeast Asia, in addition to its traditional trading partners in Europe and North America.China's import and export business has also benefited from its participation in international trade agreements. The country has been actively involved in negotiations and has signed numerous free trade agreements, reducing trade barriers and promoting economic cooperation. These agreements have opened up new opportunities for Chinese businesses and facilitated the flow of goods and services across borders.In conclusion, China's import and export business has played a vital role in its economic growth and globalintegration. The country's competitive prices, high-quality products, and expanding consumer market have made it a major player in international trade. Despite challenges and trade disputes, China remains committed to expanding its import and export activities and strengthening its position as a global trading powerhouse.。
医药企业中国境内融资介绍 英文
医药企业中国境内融资介绍英文As a pharmaceutical company in China, there are several financing options available to us in the domestic market. These options include bank loans, equity financing, bond issuance, and government subsidies. Each of these options has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of financing method depends on the specific needs and circumstances of the company.Bank loans are a common form of financing for pharmaceutical companies in China. These loans aretypically used to fund working capital needs, capital expenditures, and other short-term financial requirements. The interest rates and terms of bank loans can vary depending on the financial health of the company and the prevailing market conditions.Equity financing is another important source of funding for pharmaceutical companies in China. This can be done through private placements, public offerings, or strategic investments from venture capital firms or otherinstitutional investors. Equity financing provides thecompany with the capital it needs to expand its operations, develop new products, or pursue strategic acquisitions.Bond issuance is also a viable option for pharmaceutical companies in China to raise funds. By issuing corporate bonds, the company can access the debt capital markets and secure long-term financing at competitive interest rates. This can be an attractive option for companies with a strong credit profile and a stable cash flow.In addition to traditional forms of financing, pharmaceutical companies in China may also be eligible for government subsidies and incentives. These can include grants, tax breaks, and other forms of financial support provided by the government to promote the development of the pharmaceutical industry and encourage innovation.Overall, the choice of financing for a pharmaceutical company in China depends on a variety of factors, including the company's financial position, growth prospects, and the prevailing market conditions. By carefully evaluating the available options and seeking professional advice, companies can make informed decisions about the most appropriate financing strategy for their specific needs.作为一家位于中国的医药企业，我们在国内市场有几种融资选择。
2023年中国出口商品英文词汇
2023年中国出口商品英文词汇As the world's largest exporter, China has a significant influence on global trade. In recent years, the country's export market has been growing rapidly, and it is expected to continue to do so in the future. By 2023, China's exports are predicted to reach new heights, with a wide range of products expected to be shipped overseas. In this article, we will explore some of the key English terms associated with China's export market in 2023.Consumer ElectronicsConsumer electronics refer to electronic devices that are intended for everyday use by individuals. In 2023, China is expected to continue its dominant position as the world's largest manufacturer of consumer electronics. Some of the key products in this category include smartphones, tablets, laptops, and smart home devices. English terms associated with these products include "smartphone", "tablet", "laptop", "wireless charger", "Bluetooth speaker", and "smart thermostat".Apparel and FootwearChina is also a major producer of apparel and footwear, accounting for a significant share of the global market. By 2023, Chinese exports of clothing and footwear are expected to grow even further, with new trends and fashions emerging. English terms associated with apparel and footwear exports include "fashion", "high-end clothing", "sneakers", "sandals", and "luxury shoes".Machinery and EquipmentChina is a major exporter of machinery and equipment, including construction machinery, agricultural machinery, and industrial machinery. The country's export market for machinery and equipment is expected to grow, driven by continued demand from various industries. Key English terms associated with these products include "excavator", "bulldozer", "agricultural machinery", "industrial robot", "precision instrument", and "heavy equipment".Automotive and PartsChina's automotive industry has been growing rapidly in recent years, and the country is now the world's largest producer and consumer of cars. In 2023, China's automotive exports are expected to grow further, with an emphasis on electric vehicles and new energyvehicles. English terms associated with China's automotive and parts exports include "electric vehicle", "plug-in hybrid", "battery management system", "airbag", "brake system", and "engine parts".CosmeticsChina's cosmetics industry has also been growing rapidly, with a wide range of beauty products exported overseas. By 2023, Chinese cosmetics exports are expected to expand, driven by changing consumer preferences and emerging beauty trends. English terms associated with Chinese cosmetics exports include "skincare", "makeup", "haircare", "perfume", and "beauty accessories".ConclusionIn conclusion, China's export market is expected to continue growing in the coming years, with a wide range of products expected to be shipped overseas. From consumer electronics and apparel to machinery and automotive products, China's exports are set to have a significant impact on global trade in 2023. While there are many English terms associated with China's export market, understanding these key terms can help businesses effectively navigate this complex and rapidly changing market.。
中国银行信贷产品
中国银行公司信贷产品手册2011年4月6日信贷产品手册目录1传统贷款融资 (3)1.1固定资产贷款 (3)1.2流动资金贷款 (4)1.3房地产企业贷款 (5)1.4委托贷款 (7)2特色贷款融资 (8)2.1出口买方信贷（Export Buyer's Credit） (8)2.2出口卖方信贷 (10)2.3项目融资（Project Finance） (11)2.4现汇贷款（Foreign Currency Loan） (13)2.5授信额度（Credit Line） (14)2.6企业发债担保 (16)2.7政策性银行委托代理业务 (16)3金融市场融资 (17)3.1财务顾问（Financial Advisory） (17)3.2企业短期融资券（Corporate Commercial Paper Underwriting） (18)3.3企业中期票据（Mid-Term Notes Underwriting） (19)3.4结构性融资（Underwriting of Structured Product Financing） (19)3.5票据贴现 (20)3.6买方付息票据贴现 (21)3.7人民币债券分销 (22)信贷产品手册1传统贷款融资1.1固定资产贷款产品说明固定资产贷款是指银行为解决企业固定资产投资活动的资金需求而发放的贷款。
企业固定资产投资活动包括：基本建设、技术改造、开发并生产新产品等活动及相关的房屋购置、工程建设、技术设备购买与安装等。
贷款种类固定资产贷款分为下列各项用途的长期贷款、临时周转性贷款和外汇转贷款：基本建设是指经国家有权部门批准的基础设施、市政工程、服务设施和新建或扩建生产性工程等活动。
技术改造是现有企业以扩大再生产为主的技术改造项目。
科技开发是指用于新技术和新产品的研制开发并将开发成果向生产领域转化或应用的活动。
其他固定购置是指不自行建设，直接购置生产、仓储、办公等用房或设施的活动。
两优贷款的区别
贷款币种
人民币
融资比例
最高可提供中方企业承揽EPC合同额的100%
主管部门
国家国际发展合作署（国合署）、财政部、外交部
贷款利率
一般按2%考虑；可根据贷款优惠度调整而低于2%
贷款期限
原则上不超过20年（含宽限期，一般为5年）
两费费率 承担费+管理费
不超过0.25%，一般按0.25%考虑
优贷
基本定义
“援外优惠贷款”（Chinese Government Concessional Loan）， 简 称“优贷”，指中国政府指定金融机构（中国进出口银行，以下简称 “口行”）对外提供的具有政府援助性质的中长期低息贷款，主要支 持与中国在政治、外交、经济等方面具有良好合作关系、并具备 偿还能力的受援国。
中国成分
中国成分不低于50%
优买
优惠出口买方信贷” (Preferential Buyer’s Credit Loan) 简称“优买”， 指为推动与重点国家和地区的经贸合作，经国务院批准，采用出 口买方信贷形式对外提供的具有一定优惠条件的特定贷款。
借款国政府作为借款人或提供主权担保 外币，一般为美元 一般不超过中方企业承揽EPC合同额的85% 商务部（合作司）、财政部、外交部 可低至2%，一般按3%考虑； 原则上不超过20年（含宽限期，一般为5年） 通常为0.25%-0.5%，一般按0.5%考虑 中国成分不低于50%
进出口销售英文合同模板
Contract No.: [Contract Number]Date: [Contract Date]This Contract is made and entered into by and between the following parties:Buyer:[Buyer's Name][Buyer's Address][Buyer's Contact Information]Seller:[Seller's Name][Seller's Address][Seller's Contact Information]WHEREAS, the Buyer desires to purchase from the Seller, and the Seller desires to sell to the Buyer, the following goods:1. Description of Goods:[Detailed description of the goods, including specifications, quality standards, and models.]2. Quantity:[Total quantity of goods to be purchased.]3. Unit Price:[Price per unit of the goods.]4. Total Amount:[Total price of the goods, inclusive of all taxes and fees.]5. Payment Terms:[Details of payment method, including the percentage of advance payment, payment schedule, and due dates.]Advance Payment:[Percentage of the total amount to be paid in advance, along with the payment schedule.]Balance Payment:[Details of the balance payment, including the payment method, due dates, and any penalties for late payment.]6. Shipment Details:[Details of shipment, including the mode of transportation, port of loading, port of discharge, and any specific requirements for the transport of goods.]7. Insurance:[Details of insurance coverage, including the type of insurance, coverage amount, and the insurance company to be used.]8. Inspection and Quality Control:[Details regarding the inspection of goods before shipment, includingthe right to inspect and the authority of the inspection agency.]9. Warranty:[Details of the warranty period and conditions, including any repairs or replacements that will be provided by the Seller.]10. Force Majeure:[Conditions under which the performance of the contract may be excused due to unforeseen circumstances beyond the control of either party.]11. Governing Law and Dispute Resolution:[The laws of which country will govern the interpretation and performance of this contract, and the method of dispute resolution, including arbitration or litigation.]12. Confidentiality:[Provisions regarding the confidentiality of any information exchanged between the parties during the negotiation and execution of this contract.]13. Miscellaneous:[Other terms and conditions, including but not limited to, intellectual property rights, termination of the contract, and any applicable taxes.]In Witness Whereof, the parties hereto have executed this Contract as of the date first above written.Buyer’s Signature: ___________________________[Name of Buyer’s Representative]Seller’s Signature: ___________________________[Name of Seller’s Representative]Appendices:[References to any appendices or attachments that are part of this contract.][End of Contract]---Note:- This template is a general outline and should be customized to meet the specific requirements of the transaction.- It is advisable to have this contract reviewed by a legal professional to ensure that all legal aspects are covered and that the contract complies with the relevant laws and regulations.- All dates, names, and specific details should be filled in before the contract is executed.。
英文版进出口销售合同
Contract No.: [Contract Number]Date: [Date]Parties Involved:1. Seller: [Seller's Full Name][Seller's Address][Seller's Contact Information]2. Buyer: [Buyer's Full Name][Buyer's Address][Buyer's Contact Information]This Sales Contract is hereby entered into between the Seller and the Buyer on [Date], where the Seller agrees to sell and the Buyer agrees to buy the following goods according to the terms and conditions stipulated below:1. Description of Goods:The goods to be sold under this contract are as follows:- Item No.: [Item Number]- Description: [Detailed Description of the Goods]- Brand: [Brand Name, if applicable]- Model: [Model Number, if applicable]- Quantity: [Number of Units]- Unit Price: [Price per Unit]- Total Amount: [Total Price]2. Quality and Packaging:- The quality of the goods shall comply with the specifications and standards set forth in the attached quality certificate and the sample submitted by the Seller.- The goods shall be packed in [Type of Packaging], with each package marked clearly with the following information: [Marking Information].- The Seller shall ensure that the goods are properly packed and protected against damage during transportation.3. Delivery:- The goods shall be delivered to the Buyer at [Delivery Address] on or before [Delivery Date].- The Seller shall be responsible for arranging and paying for all necessary transportation costs, insurance, and other expenses related to the delivery of the goods.- In case of delay in delivery, the Seller shall compensate the Buyerfor any loss or damage resulting from such delay.4. Payment Terms:- The Buyer shall make the payment to the Seller in accordance with the following terms:- [Percentage of Total Amount] of the total amount shall be paid upon the Buyer's confirmation of the order.- The remaining [Percentage of Total Amount] shall be paid upon the receipt of the shipping documents and confirmation of the goods' arrival at the destination.- Payment shall be made through [Payment Method], i.e., [Bank Transfer, Letter of Credit, etc.].5. Inspection and Claims:- The Buyer shall have the right to inspect the goods upon receipt and, if any discrepancies or defects are found, the Buyer shall inform the Seller within [Number of Days] of receipt of the goods.- The Seller shall be responsible for any claims arising from thequality or quantity of the goods, provided that such claims are made in accordance with the terms and conditions of this contract.6. Force Majeure:- In the event of any force majeure event beyond the reasonable control of either party, including but not limited to war, flood, fire, earthquake, or other natural disasters, the affected party shall be excused from its obligations under this contract for the duration of the event and the period required for its consequences to be overcome.7. Governing Law and Dispute Resolution:- This contract shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of [Jurisdiction].- Any disputes arising out of or in connection with this contract shall be settled through amicable negotiation between the parties. In the event of failure to reach an amicable solution, the dispute shall be submitted to [Arbitration Board/ Court] for arbitration or litigation.8. General Provisions:- This contract constitutes the entire agreement between the Seller and the Buyer with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior agreements, understandings, negotiations, and discussions, whether written or oral.- Any amendment or modification of this contract shall be binding onlyif it is in writing and signed by both parties.IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Sales Contract as of the date first above written.Seller’s Signature:_________________________Buyer’s Signature:_________________________Witness:_________________________Note: This is a general template for an import and export sales contract. It is important to customize the terms to meet the specific needs and circumstances of the transaction.。
对金砖国家贸易进出口的英语作文
对金砖国家贸易进出口的英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The trade between the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) has seen significant growth in recent years. These emerging economies have become increasingly important players in the global economy, with their combined GDP accounting for a substantial share of the world's total output. In this essay, I will examine the trade dynamics between the BRICS nations, focusing on the opportunities and challenges that come with it.One of the most noticeable trends in BRICS trade is the rapid increase in the volume of goods and services exchanged between members. This has been driven by a variety of factors, including the complementary nature of their economies, the rise of global value chains, and the increasing purchasing power of th eir populations. For example, China’s manufacturing sector has become a major destination for Brazilian and South African exports, while India and Russia have been key suppliers of raw materials to their counterparts. This trade has not only created economic opportunities for businesses in these countries butalso fostered closer diplomatic ties and cooperation on various fronts.However, the BRICS trade partnership also faces several challenges that need to be addressed. One of the main issues is the lack of infrastructure and logistical connectivity between member countries, which hinders the smooth flow of goods and services. This is particularly evident in the case of landlocked South Africa, which relies heavily on its ports for trade with other BRICS nations. Moreover, non-tariff barriers, such as complex customs procedures and regulations, pose a significant obstacle to trade facilitation.Another concern is the imbalance in trade between member countries, with China being the largest importer and exporter among the BRICS nations. This has led to calls for greater reciprocity and a more balanced trade relationship among members. Additionally, the ongoing trade tensions between some BRICS nations and other global players, such as the United States, could have implications for the future of intra-BRICS trade.To address these challenges and further enhance BRICS trade, member countries have taken several initiatives. This includes the establishment of the BRICS Business Council, whichaims to promote trade and investment opportunities among members. Progress has also been made in enhancing transportation links, such as the China-Europe railway network, which could facilitate greater connectivity between BRICS nations.In conclusion, the trade between the BRICS countries presents both opportunities and challenges for member nations. While the increasing volume of trade indicates the growing economic cooperation among these emerging economies, there are still barriers that need to be overcome to fully realize the potential of this partnership. By addressing issues such as infrastructure connectivity, trade imbalances, and external trade pressures, the BRICS nations can further strengthen their trade relations and contribute to the prosperity of their economies.篇2Title: Trade Import and Export of BRICS CountriesIntroductionThe BRICS countries, which consist of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, are leading emerging markets that have been playing a significant role in the global economy. These countries have been actively engaging in trade and commercewith each other and with the rest of the world. In this essay, we will explore the trade import and export of the BRICS countries and the impact it has on the global economy.Trade OverviewThe BRICS countries are major players in the international trade market, with China being the largest exporter among the group, followed by Russia, Brazil, India, and South Africa. These countries have been able to strengthen their trade relations with each other through various agreements and partnerships, such as the BRICS Business Council and the BRICS Trade Fair.Import and Export TrendsChina is known for its manufacturing capabilities and is a global leader in exporting goods such as electronics, machinery, and textiles. Russia is a major exporter of natural resources such as oil, gas, and minerals. Brazil is known for its agricultural products such as soybeans, coffee, and sugar. India is a major exporter of IT services, pharmaceuticals, and textiles. South Africa mainly exports minerals, metals, and agricultural products.Importantly, the BRICS countries also import goods and services from each other, further enhancing their trade relationships. China, for example, imports raw materials fromBrazil and Russia, while Brazil imports electronics and machinery from China. This trade balance helps to strengthen the economic ties between the BRICS countries and promotes mutual growth and development.Impact on the Global EconomyThe trade import and export of the BRICS countries have a significant impact on the global economy. These countries are major players in various industries and have a large market share in many sectors. As such, their trade activities can influence global prices, supply chains, and consumer demand.The BRICS countries also play a crucial role in promoting economic growth and stability in the global economy. By trading with each other and with other countries, they create opportunities for investment, job creation, and technological innovation. This, in turn, can help to drive economic growth and development on a global scale.Challenges and OpportunitiesDespite the many benefits of trade among the BRICS countries, there are also challenges that need to be addressed. These include trade barriers, currency fluctuations, and political instability. However, by working together and strengtheningtheir trade partnerships, the BRICS countries can overcome these challenges and create new opportunities for growth and prosperity.ConclusionIn conclusion, the trade import and export of the BRICS countries play a crucial role in the global economy. These countries are major players in various industries and have a significant impact on global trade. By strengthening their trade relationships with each other and with the rest of the world, the BRICS countries can continue to promote economic growth and stability on a global scale.篇3With the rise of the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) in recent decades, the global economic landscape has undergone significant changes. These countries, also known as the "Emerging Markets", have become major players in international trade, with their combined GDP surpassing that of many developed nations. In this essay, we will explore the trade relations between the BRICS countries and examine the impact of their trade on the global economy.First and foremost, it is important to note that the BRICS countries represent a diverse range of economies, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. Brazil is a major exporter of agricultural products and minerals, while Russia is known for its vast reserves of oil and natural gas. India is a hub for information technology and services, while China is the world's largest manufacturing hub. South Africa, on the other hand, is a significant exporter of precious metals and minerals.The trade relations between the BRICS countries are characterized by a high volume of trade in both goods and services. According to the World Bank, trade among the BRICS nations has been growing steadily in recent years, reaching a total of $632 billion in 2020. China is the largest trading partner for all the BRICS countries, followed by India and Brazil.One of the key drivers of trade among the BRICS countries is the increasing interdependence of their economies. For example, China's rapid industrialization has led to a surge in demand for raw materials, which Brazil and South Africa can supply. In return, these countries import manufactured goods and electronics from China. Similarly, India's growing IT and services sector has created opportunities for collaboration with Russia in the field of technology and innovation.In addition to bilateral trade agreements, the BRICS countries have also come together to form multilateral trade platforms such as the BRICS Business Council and the New Development Bank. These institutions aim to facilitate trade and investment among the member countries, as well as promote economic cooperation on a global scale. For example, the New Development Bank provides funding for infrastructure projects in developing countries, which benefits not only the BRICS nations but also other emerging economies.Despite the economic potential of the BRICS countries, there are challenges that hinder their trade relations. One of the main obstacles is the lack of infrastructure and connectivity between the member countries, which makes it difficult to transport goods and services efficiently. In addition, trade barriers such as tariffs and regulations can also impede the flow of goods and services between the BRICS nations.Furthermore, the recent global pandemic has had a significant impact on the trade dynamics among the BRICS countries. The disruption of supply chains and the decline in demand for certain products have led to a decrease in trade volumes. However, the BRICS nations have shown resilience inthe face of these challenges, with many of them implementing stimulus measures to support their economies.In conclusion, the trade relations among the BRICS countries play a crucial role in shaping the global economy. As these countries continue to grow and expand their presence in international trade, it is essential for them to address the challenges they face and work towards enhancing their cooperation. By strengthening their trade ties and promoting economic integration, the BRICS countries can contribute to sustainable growth and development not only within their own region but also on a global scale.。
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13. Financial Option- China Export Buyer's Credit13.1.Requirements for Application●The BorrowerThe borrower should be a foreign importer, or the importer's bank, or Ministry of Finance of or other authorized government institutions of the importingcountry, and should be acknowledged by China Bank. The borrower shouldhave reliable credit standing, and should be capable of repaying all theprincipals and paying the accrued interests and related fees and charges ofthe loan as prescribed in the agreed repayment schedule.●Commercial ContractThe commercial contract that seeks for export buyer's credit should beexamined and approved by the Bank, and should satisfy the followingrequirements:✧The portion of the Chinese content of exported goods should be no lessthan 50% of the total value.✧The cash payment (down payment) made by the importer to the Chineseexporter should not be less than 15% of the total contract value.The requirement of the Chinese content portion and the down paymentpercentage on overseas construction projects should be consistent withrelevant policies and guidelines set by the Chinese government.Subject to the credit policy of the Bank, the borrower is required to provide arepayment guarantee, and when necessary, a sovereign guarantee of theimporting country should be provided.Whether it is necessary to apply for export credit insurance should bedecided by the Bank in accordance with the country risk of the borrower.13.2 Credit Terms and Condition●Loan CurrencyThe currency of the loan could be either US Dollar or other currenciesacceptable to China Bank.●Loan AmountGenerally, the Export Buyer's Credit provided by the Bank for an exportproject of goods or services shall not exceed 85% of the total contract value,the loan amount should follow the regulations of state relevant policies.●Maturity PeriodThe maximum maturity period is 15 years from the date of the firstdisbursement of the loan to the last repayment date as stipulated in the loanagreement.●Interest RateThe interest rate could be either a fixed interest rate on the basis of theCommercial Interest Reference Rate (CIRR) as monthly announced byOECD, or a floating interest rate on the basis of London Interbank offeredRate (LIBOR) plus a certain interest rate spread. For special cases, theinterest rate could be negotiated and decided between the lender and theborrower.●Drawdown of the LoanThe availability of drawdown under the loan agreement shall be consistentwith the terms and conditions of the commercial contract related.●Fees & ChargesThe borrower shall pay management fees, commitment fees and exposurefees to China Bank.13.3 Loan Application and ApprovalAn eligible borrower should submit a formal application to China Bank for Export Buyer's Credit together with the following documents and materials:●Draft commercial contract or letter of intention, Tendering and biddingdocuments, feasibility study report on the project and relevant approvaldocuments;●Documentation that proves the credit standing of the borrower, the guarantor,the importer and the exporter; the financial statements of the borrower andthe guarantor;●Other documents and materials required by the Bank.China Bank will examine the application documents submitted by the borrower, confirm the qualification of the borrower and the guarantor, decide credit terms and conditions, and start project appraisal and approval process. Upon approval of theloan, China Bank will sign with the borrower a loan agreement on Export Buyer's Credit, and the guarantor will present to the Bank a Repayment Letter ofGuarantee.13.4 Loan Disbursement and RepaymentChina Bank shall disburse the loan to the borrower as prescribed in the loanagreement.The borrower shall repay to the Bank the principal and pay the interests together with relevant fees of the loan as stipulated in the loan agreement. Unlessotherwise specified, once the drawdown period is over, the principal of the loan should be repaid semi-annually in equal installments. The interests incurredshould be either paid semi-annually as calculated on the basis of the loanoutstanding or follow the terms stipulated in the loan agreement.13.5 Working Procedures● A loan agreement is signed between China Bank and the borrower. The loanamount should not exceed 85% of the commercial contract value.●Repayment guarantee provided by the guarantor to China Bank may be requiredaccording to the project case by case.●Whether to require export credit insurance or not shall be determined by ChinaBank according to the country risk of the importing country.●The down payment should not be lower than 15% of the commercial contractvalue.●The exporter delivers goods to the importer as stipulated in the commercialcontract.●China Bank disburses the loan after the delivery of the goods.●The borrower shall semi-annually repay to China Bank the principal, the interestsand all the fees and charges of the loan in accordance with the provisions of the loan agreement。