Megacities are particularly endangered as they are

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speciation in geographically答案

speciation in geographically答案【1】Evolutionary biologists believe that speciation,th e formation of a new species,often begins when some kind of physical barrier arises and divides a population of a sing le species into separate subpopulations.Physical separation between subpopulations promotes the formation of new speci es because once the members of one subpopulation can no lon ger mate with members of another subpopulation,they cannot exchange variant genes that arise in one of the subpopulati ons.In the absences of gene flow between the subpopulations, genetic differences between the groups begin to accumulate. Eventually the subpopulations become so genetically distinc t that they cannot interbreed even if the physical barriers between them were removed.At this point the subpopulations have evolved into distinct species.This route to speciatio n is known as allopatry(“alio-”means“different”，and“p atria”means“homeland”).【2】Allopatric speciation may be the main speciation r oute.This should not be surprising,since allopatry is prett y common.In general,the subpopulations of most species are separated from each other by some measurable distance.So ev en under normal situations the gene flow among the subpopulations is more of an intermittent trickle than a steady str eam.In addition,barriers can rapidly arise and shut off the trickle.For example,in the 1800s a monstrous earthquake ch anged the course of the Mississippi River,a large river flo wing in the central part of the United States of America.Th e change separated populations of insects now living along opposite shore,completely cutting off gene flow between the m.【3】Geographic isolation also can proceed slowly,over great spans of time.We find evidence of such extended event s in the fossil record,which affords glimpses into the brea kup of formerly continuous environments.For example,during past ice ages,glaciers advanced down through North America and Europe and gradually cut off parts of populations from one another.When the glacier retreated,the separated popula tions of plants and animals came into contact again.Some gr oups that had descended from the same parent population wer e no longer reproductively compatible—they had evolved int o separate species.In other groups,however,genetic divergen ces had not proceeded so far,and the descendants could stil l interbreed—for them,reproductive isolation was not compl eted,and so speciation had not occurred.【4】Allopatric speciation can also be brought by the i mperceptibly slow but colossal movements of the tectonic pl ates that make up Earth’s surface.About 5 million years ag o such geologic movements created the land bridge between N orth America and South America that we call the Isthmus of Panama.The formation of the isthmus had important consequen ces for global patterns of ocean water flow.While previousl y the gap between the continents had allowed a free flow of water,now the isthmus presented a barrier that divided the Atlantic Ocean from the Pacific Ocean.This division set th e stage for allopatric speciation among populations of fish es and other marine species.【5】In the 1980s,John Graves studied two populations o f closely related fishes,one population from the Atlantic s ide of isthmus,the other from the Pacific side.He compared four enzymes found in the muscles of each population.Graves found that all four Pacific enzymes function better at low er temperatures than the four Atlantic versions of the same enzymes.This is significant because Pacific seawater is ty pically 2 to 3 degrees cooler than seawater on the Atlantic side of isthmus.Analysis by gel electrophoresis revealed s light differences in amino acid sequence of the enzymes oftwo of the four pairs.This is significant because the amino acid sequence of an enzyme is determined by genes.【6】Graves drew two conclusions from these observation s.First,at least some of the observed differences between t he enzymes of the Atlantic and Pacific fish populations wer e not random but were the result of evolutionary adaption.S econd,it appears that closely related populations of fishes on both sides of the isthmus are starting to genetically d iverge from each other.Because Graves’s study of geographi cally isolated populations of isthmus fishes offers a glimp se of the beginning of a process of gradual accumulation of mutations that are neutral or adaptive,divergences here mi ght be evidence of allopatric speciation in process.托福阅读试题1.The word"promotes"in the passage is closest in meaning toA.describes.B.encourages.C.delays.D.requires.2.According to paragraph 1,allopatric speciation involv es which of the following?A.The division of a population into subspecies.B.The reuniting of separated populations after they hav e become distinct species.C.The movement of a population to a new homeland.D.The absence of gene flow between subpopulations.3.Why does the author provide the information that"the subpopulations of most species are separated from each othe r by some measurable distance"?A.To indicate how scientists are able to determine whet her subpopulations of a species are allopatric.B.To define what it means for a group of animals or pla nts to be a subpopulation.C.To suggest that allopatric speciation is not the only route to subpopulation.D.To help explain why allopatric speciation is a common way for new species to come about.4.The word"accumulate"in the passage is closest in mean ing toA.Become more significant.B.Occur randomly.C.Gradually increase in number.D.Cause changes.5.In paragraph 2,why does the author mention that some insect populations were separated from each other by a chan ge in the course of Mississippi River caused by an earthqua ke?A.To make the point that some kind of physical barrier separates the subpopulations of most species.B.To support the claim that the condition of allopatry can sometimes arise in a short time.C.To provide an example of a situation in which gene fl ow among the subpopulations of a species happens at a slow rate.D.To explain why insects living along opposite shores of the Mississippi River are very different from each other.6.According to paragraph 3，separation of subpopulation s by glaciers resulted in speciation in those groups of pla nts and animals thatA.were reproductively isolated even after the glaciers disappeared.B.had adjusted to the old conditions caused by the glac iers.C.were able to survive being separated from their paren t population.D.had experienced some genetic divergences from their p arent population.7.The word"colossal"in the passage is closet in meaning toA.consistent.B.gradual.C.enormous.D.effective.8.According to paragraph 4,which of the following is tr ue of the geologic movements that brought about the Isthmus of Panama?A.The movements brought populations of certain fishes a nd marine organisms into contact with one another for the f irst time.B.The movements transferred populations of fishes and o ther marine animals between the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean s.C.The movements created conditions that allowed water t o flow more freely between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.D.The movements created conditions for the formation of new species of fishes and other marine animals.9.The word"sequence"in the passage is closet in meaning toA.quality.B.order.C.function.D.number.10.According to paragraph 5,by comparing the enzymes fr om two related groups of fishes on opposite sides of the is thmus,Graves found evidence thatA.there were slight genetic divergences between the two groups.B.the Atlantic group of fishes were descended from the Pacific group of fishes.C.the temperature of water on either side of the isthmu s had changed.D.genetic changes in the Atlantic group of fishes were more rapid and frequent than in the Pacific group of fishe s.11.It can be inferred from paragraph 5 and 6 that the r eason Graves concluded that some of the differences between the Pacific and Atlantic enzymes were not random was thatA.each of the Pacific enzymes works better in cooler wa ters.B.the Enzymes of the Atlantic fish populations had not changed since the formation of the Isthmus of Panama.C.gel electrophoresis showed that the changes benefited both the Atlantic and the Pacific fish populations.D.the differences between the enzymes disappeared when the two fish populations were experimentally switched to ot her side of the isthmus.12.Which of the sentence below best expresses the essen tial information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or l eave out essential information.A.Graves's study provides evidence that isthmus fishes are in the process of becoming geographically isolated.B.Graves's study of mutating isthmus fishes yields resu lts that differ from results of other studies involving all opatric speciation.C.Graves's study of isolated populations of isthmus fis hes provides some evidence that allopatric speciation might be beginningD.Grave's study indicates that when isolated,population s of isthmus fished register neutral or adaptive mutations.13.Look at the four squares[]that indicate where the fo llowing sentence can be added to the passage.Where would th e sentence best fit?The formation of the isthmus had import ant consequences for global patterns of ocean water flow.【A】About 5 million years ago such geologic movements created the land bridge between North America and South Ame rica that we call the Isthmus of Panama.The formation of th e isthmus had important consequences for global patterns of ocean water flow.【B】While previously the gap between the continents ha d allowed a free flow of water,now the isthmus presented a barrier that divided the Atlantic Ocean from the Pacific Oc ean.【C】This division set the stage for allopatric speciat ion among populations of fishes and other marine species.【D】Allopatric speciation can also be brought by the i mperceptibly slow but colossal movements of the tectonic pl ates that make up Earth's surface.14.Directions:An introductory sentence for a brief summ ary of the passage is provided plete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage.Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not pre sented in the passages or are minor ideas in the passage.Th is question is worth 2 points.Allopatric speciation takes place when physically separ ated populations of a single species gradually diverge gene tically to the point of becoming unable to interbreedA.Allopatric speciation is common because the gene flow between subpopulations is generally limited and the barrie rs that completely separate subpopulations can arise in a v ariety of ways.B.During past ice ages,some,but not all,subpopulations separated by glaciers evolved into distinct species.C.Speciation does not need to take place through allopa try because subpopulations will form distinct species whene ver there are adaptive advantages or notD.Physical barriers from glaciers and the movement of t ectonic plates form so slowly that the subpopulations on ei ther side of the barriers usually do not form distinct spec ies.E.Graves's study of fish populations separated by the I sthmus of Panama may well provide a picture of the beginning stages of speciation.F.Graves's study of physically separated fish populatio ns show that there must be large differences between the en vironments of the isolated populations if allopatric specia tion is to take place.托福阅读答案1.promote本身是促进的意思。

新视野大学英语(第三版)读写2课文翻译

Unit1 一堂难忘的英语课1 如果我是唯一一个还在纠正小孩英语的家长，那么我儿子也许是对的。

对他而言，我是一个乏味的怪物：一个他不得不听其教诲的父亲，一个还沉湎于语法规则的人，对此我儿子似乎颇为反感。

2 我觉得我是在最近偶遇我以前的一位学生时，才开始对这个问题认真起来的。

这个学生刚从欧洲旅游回来。

我满怀着诚挚期待问她：“欧洲之行如何？”3 她点了三四下头，绞尽脑汁，苦苦寻找恰当的词语，然后惊呼：“真是，哇！”4 没了。

所有希腊文明和罗马建筑的辉煌居然囊括于一个浓缩的、不完整的语句之中！我的学生以“哇！”来表示她的惊叹，我只能以摇头表达比之更强烈的忧虑。

5 关于正确使用英语能力下降的问题，有许多不同的故事。

学生的确本应该能够区分诸如their / there / they're之间的不同，或区别complimentary跟complementary之间显而易见的差异。

由于这些知识缺陷，他们承受着大部分不该承受的批评和指责，因为舆论认为他们应该学得更好。

6 学生并不笨，他们只是被周围所看到和听到的语言误导了。

举例来说，杂货店的指示牌会把他们引向stationary（静止处），虽然便笺本、相册、笔记本等真正的stationery（文具用品）并没有被钉在那儿。

朋友和亲人常宣称They've just ate。

实际上，他们应该说They've just eaten。

因此，批评学生不合乎情理。

7 对这种缺乏语言功底而引起的负面指责应归咎于我们的学校。

学校应对英语熟练程度制定出更高的标准。

可相反，学校只教零星的语法，高级词汇更是少之又少。

还有就是，学校的年轻教师显然缺乏这些重要的语言结构方面的知识，因为他们过去也没接触过。

学校有责任教会年轻人进行有效的语言沟通，可他们并没把语言的基本框架——准确的语法和恰当的词汇——充分地传授给学生。

8 因为语法对大多数年轻学生而言枯燥且乏味，所以我觉得讲授语法得一步一步、注重技巧地进行。

1986—2009考研英语真题及参考答案

1986-2009考研英语真题汇总1986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I: Structure and VocabularyIn each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choice in the brackets on the left. (15 points) EXAMPLE:I was caught ________ the rain yesterday.[A] in[B] by[C] with[D] atANSWER: [A]1. No doctors could cure the patient ________ his strange disease.[A] with[B] of[C] from[D] off2. He was ________ his wits‘ end what to do.[A] in[B] on[C] at[D] of3. Prior ________ his departure, he addressed a letter to his daughter.[A] to[B] of[C] in[D] from4. The driving instructor told me to pull ________ at the post office.[A] up[B] back[C] round[D] along5. When there‘s a doubt, the chairman‘s decision is ________.[A] right[B] definite[C] fixed[D] final6. We can rely on William to carry out this mission, for his judgment is always ________.[A] unquestionable[B] sound[C] subtle[D] healthy7. The noise of the plane died ________ in the distance.[A] away[B] out[C] down[D] off8. Hospital doctors don‘t go out very often as their work ________ all their time.[A] takes away[B] takes in[C] takes over[D] takes up9. Attendances at football matches have ________ since the coming of television.[A] dropped in[B] dropped down[C] dropped off[D] dropped out10. After the death of their parents, the sisters got well ________ and never quarreled.[A] away[B] in[C] along[D] out11. They always give the vacant seats to ________ comes first.[A] who[B] whom[C] whoever[D] whomever12. Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication ________ the advertiser paysfor the message to be delivered.[A] in that[B] in which[C] in order that[D] in the way13. He is ________ of an actor.[A] anybody[B] anyone[C] somebody[D] something14. The captain apologized ________ to tell us more about the accident.[A] for to be unable[B] that he was unable[C] to be unable[D] for being unable15. ________ is no reason for discharging her.[A] Because she was a few minutes late[B] Owing to a few minutes being late[C] The fact that she was a few minutes late[D] Being a few minutes lateSection II: Close T estFor each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices labeled [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and put your choice in the brackets below the passage. Read the whole passage before making your choices. (10 points)On Wednesday afternoons Annie took the bus into town to shop in the market. For an hour or __16__ she would walk up and down between the stalls looking at everything, buying here and there, and __17__ a sharp lookout for the bargains that were sometimes to be had. And then, with all thethings she needed __18__ she would leave the market for the streets of the town to spend another hour __19__ she liked best: looking in furniture shop windows.One Wednesday she found a new shop full of the most delightful things, with a notice inviting anyone to walk in and look __20__ without feeling they had to buy something. Annie hesitated for a moment before stepping through the doorway where, almost at once, she stopped __21__ before a green armchair. There was a card on the chair which said: ―This fine cha ir is yours __22__ less than a pound a week,‖ and very small at the bottom, ―Cash price eighty-nine pounds fifty.‖ A pound a week... __23__, she could almost pay that out of her housekeeping money and never miss it! A voice at her shoulder made her __24__. ―Can I help you, Madam?‖ She looked round at the assistant who had come softly to her __25__.―Oh, well, no,‖ she said. ―I was just looking.‖ ―We‘ve chairs of all kinds in the showroom. If you‘ll just come up, you will find something to suit you.‖Annie, worried at the thought of being persuaded to buy something she didn‘t need, left the shop hurriedly.16. [A] so[B] more[C] else[D] another17. [A] taking[B] making[C] fixing[D] keeping18. [A] buy[B] bought[C] buying[D] to have bought19. [A] in a way[B] by the way[C] in the way[D] on the way20. [A] behind[B] round[C] back[D] on21. [A] doubted[B] wondered[C] puzzled[D] delighted22. [A] at[B] for[C] with[D] in23. [A] Why[B] When[C] How[D] What24. [A] jump[B] leap[C] laugh[D] wonder25. [A] place[B] back[C] side[D] frontSection III: Reading ComprehensionEach of the two passages below is followed by five questions. For each question there are four answers. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the brackets on the left. (10 points)T ext 1There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. Y ou find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in great area at a glance, people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments. We can call these people ―generalists.‖ And these ―generalists‖ are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other people‘s work, to begin it and judge it.The specialist understands one field; his concern is with technique and tools. He is a ―trained‖ man; and his educational background is properly technical or professional. The generalist -- and especially the administrator -- deals with people; his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving. He is an ―educated‖ man; and the humanities are his strongest foundation. V ery rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator. And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in particular field. Any organization needs both kinds of people, though different organizations need them in different proportions. It is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly.Y our first job may turn out to be the right job for you -- but this is pure accident. Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold any job. At the same time you must not look upon the first job as the final job; it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.26. There is an increasing demand for ________.[A] all round people in their own fields[B] people whose job is to organize other people‘s work[C] generalists whose educational background is either technical or professional[D] specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others27. The specialist is ________.[A] a man whose job is to train other people[B] a man who has been trained in more than one fields[C] a man who can see the forest rather than the trees[D] a man whose concern is mainly with technical or professional matters28. The administrator is ________.[A] a ―trained‖ man who is more a specialist than a generalist[B] a man who sees the trees as well as the forest[C] a man who is very strong in the humanities[D] a man who is an ―educated‖ specialist29. During your training period, it is important ________.[A] to try to be a generalist[B] to choose a profitable job[C] to find an organization which fits you[D] to decide whether you are fit to be a specialist or a generalist30. A man‘s first job ________.[A] is never the right job for him[B] should not be regarded as his final job[C] should not be changed or people will become suspicious of his ability to hold any job[D] is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final jobT est 2At the bottom of the world lies a mighty continent still wrapped in the Ice Age and, until recent times, unknown to man. It is a great land mass with mountain ranges whose extent and elevation are still uncertain. Much of the continent is a complete blank on our maps. Man has explored, on foot, less than one per cent of its area. Antarctica differs fundamentally from the Arctic regions. The Arctic is an ocean, covered with drifting packed ice and hemmed in by the land masses of Europe, Asia, and North America. The Antarctic is a continent almost as large as Europe and Australia combined, centered roughly on the South Pole and surrounded by the most unobstructed water areas of the world -- the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans.The continental ice sheet is more than two miles high in its centre, thus, the air over the Antarctic is far more refrigerated than it is over the Arctic regions. This cold air current from the land is so forceful that it makes the nearby seas the stormiest in the world and renders unlivable those regions whose counterparts at the opposite end of the globe are inhabited. Thus, more than a million persons live within 2,000 miles of the North Pole in an area that includes most of Alaska, Siberia, and Scandinavia -- a region rich in forest and mining industries. Apart from a handful of weather stations, within the same distance of the South Pole there is not a single tree, industry, or settlement.31. The best title for this selection would be ________.[A] Iceland[B] Land of Opportunity[C] The Unknown Continent[D] Utopia at Last32. At the time this article was written, our knowledge of Antarctica was ________.[A] very limited[B] vast[C] fairly rich[D] nonexistent33. Antarctica is bordered by the ________.[A] Pacific Ocean[B] Indian Ocean[C] Atlantic Ocean[D] All three34. The Antarctic is made uninhabitable primarily by ________.[B] calm seas[C] ice[D] lack of knowledge about the continent35. According to this article ________.[A] 2,000 people live on the Antarctic Continent[B] a million people live within 2,000 miles of the South Pole[C] weather conditions within a 2,000 mile radius of the South Pole make settlementsimpractical[D] only a handful of natives inhabit AntarcticaSection IV: Structure and VocabularyFill in the blanks with the words which best complete the sentences. Put your choices in the brackets on the left. (10 points)EXAMPLE:It was the largest experiment we have ever had; it ________ six houses.[A] ended[B] finished[C] was[D] lastedANSWER: [D]36. Music often ________ us of events in the past.[A] remembers[B] memorizes[C] reminds[D] reflects37. If I take this medicine twice a day it should ________ my cold.[A] heat[B] cure[C] treat[D] recover38. I could just see a car in the distance, but I couldn‘t ________ what colour it was.[A] make out[B] look to[D] take in39. I could tell he was surprised from the ________ on his face.[A] appearance[B] shock[C] look[D] sight40. The toy boat turned over and sank to the ________ of the pool.[A] base[B] depth[C] ground[D] bottom41. Mary never tells anyone what she does for a ________.[A] job[B] work[C] profession[D] living42. That boy is such a good violinist he will probably make quite a ________ for himself.[A] star[B] credit[C] name[D] character43. Old photographs give one a brief ________ of the past.[A] glance[B] glimpse[C] sight[D] look44. The novelist is a highly ________ person.[A] imaginable[B] imaginative[C] imaginary[D] imagined45. Although the pay is not good, people usually find social work ________ in other ways.[A] payable[B] respectful[C] grateful[D] rewardingSection V: Error-detection and CorrectionEach question consists of a sentence with four underlined parts (words or phrases). These parts are labeled [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Choose the part of the sentence that is incorrect and put your choice in the brackets on the left. Then, without altering the meaning of the sentence, write down the correct word or phrase on the line following the brackets. (10 points)EXAMPLE:Y ou‘ve to hurry up if you want to buy something because [A] there‘s [B] hardly something [C] left. [D]ANSWER: [C] anything46. The professor told the economics [A] student that he didn‘t approve [B] in [C] his taking theadvanced course before [D] he made a passing mark in Economics 1.47. Although a great number of houses in that area are still [A] in need of repair, [B] there havebeen [C] improvement in the facilities. [D]48. Mr. Gilmore is one of those men who appears [A] to be friendly [B] however, it is very hard todeal [C] with him. [D]49. To understand the situation completely [A] requires [B] more thought than has given [C] thusfar. [D]50. [A] great many [A] educators firmly [B] believe that English is one of the poorest [C] taughtsubjects in high schools today. [D]51. Of all his outdoor [A] activities. Paul likes fishing best of all, [B] but he doesn‘t enjoy cleaning[C] fishing rods afterwards. [D]52. I should [A] not have recognized the [B] man even [C] you had told [D] me his name.53. In an hour‘s [A] time I had done the work with [B] my satisfaction; I got my hat in [C] halland slipped out unnoticed. [D]54. The new hotel has erected [A] a beautiful building with [B] recreation areas and conferencefacilities on the top floor in which [C] the finest view of the city can be obtained. [D]55. While in [A] Europe, the tourists enjoyed to [B] their heart‘s [C] content the weather, the foodand going to the theatre. [D]Section VI: Verb FormsFill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of verbs given in brackets. (10 points) EXAMPLE:It is highly desirable that a new president ________ (appointed) for this college.ANSWER: (should) be appointed56. The enemy retreated to the woods after they (defeat).57. I (speak) to him for some time before I realized who he was.58. One shou ld never lose one‘s heart when (confront) with temporary difficulties.59. The house suddenly collapsed while it (pull) down.60. On (give) an assignment to make a business tour abroad, he gladly accepted it.61. (Get) everything ready, they got down to map out a plan for the construction of a new expressway.62. After Peter grew a beard, even his close friends (not recognize) him at first sight.63. Darkness (set) in, the young people lingered on merrymaking.64. The students were to (assemble) at the auditorium before 1:30 p.m., but the lecture wascanceled at the last minute.65. Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objectives to be attained (take) into account beforestarting a new project.Section VII: Chinese-English TranslationTranslate the following sentences into English. (15 points)66. 去年的好收成是由于农场管理的改进和有利的气体条件。

高级英语6-1

About the author’s identity
1. How much do you know about the ID of a columnist? 2. Do you know the property of mass media such as newspapers, TV programs and mass cultural loader like movies and entertainment business? 3. What is the essence of info/media/ communication/discourse/language?
Text analysis
Para.4: key words of semantics 1. comeback: a quick and firm response 2. compress: to abstract highly enough to save space or time 3. vitas: vision, scope or horizon 4. arithmetic: a counting or numbering skill 5. bulky: huge, heavy and dumb 6. access: to attach to
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1.现代资产阶级社会曾经像变戏法一样造就了极其庞大的生产与交换资料，现在却像一个倒霉的魔法师，再也不能对付它自己用符咒唤出来的魔鬼了。（《共产党宣言》） 2. 现代性原为一种抽象的哲理构想，它出自一批心地善良的启蒙思想家之手……它满腔激情、气势如虹，一扫中世纪蒙昧和封建传统的僵滞。从诞生之日起，现代性就不断向世界发布变革信息，许诺理性解决方案，发誓要把人类带入一个自由境界。（赵一凡） 3. 西方现代性是三位一体：即科学精神、民主政治、艺术自由。作为理性，它包含三个子项，分别是认知理性、道德理性、艺术理性。（赵一凡） 4. 理性蜕变成工具理性，技术上升为统治原则，文化工业加剧了精神生活萎缩：它窒息天才、压抑反叛、继而强使语言庸俗化，引诱文艺向商品衰变。（阿多诺） 5. 在自然科学、法律行政、经济生活中，这种貌似合理、实为功利的工具理性，正在不断地扩大其机构统治。（韦伯） 6. 工具行为讲究效益、追求利润，价值行为不计成败，只认道德义务。这两大理性行为水火不容，此消彼长，就造成社会价值领域的持续分裂。(赵一凡)

2022年考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：35

2022年考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题As many as 100 species of fish, some（） to these waters, may have been affected by the pollution.问题1选项A.unusualB.particularC.typicalD.unique【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。

unusual “不寻常的”；particular “特别的，详细的”；typical “典型的”；unique “独一无二的”。

句意：在这片水域有100多种鱼类，有些是独一无二的，已经被污水影响了。

选项D符合题意。

2.单选题The public can rest（）that detectives are doing everything possible to find the murderer.问题1选项A.assuredB.approvedC.guaranteedD.convinced【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。

rest assured that “(强调所言确凿无误)尽管放心”。

因此选项A符合题意。

3.单选题I spent most of my money in the first week and（）had very little to eat during the last few days of the holiday.问题1选项A.after allB.consequentlyC.otherwiseD.anyhow【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。

after all“毕竟”；consequently“因此，结果”；otherwise“否则，不然”；anyhow“无论如何，总之”。

句意：我第一周就花掉了大部分的钱，因此在假期的最后几天只能吃一点点东西。

选项B符合题意。

晨读英语美文60篇58 Feed the World

esistant crops might kill good insects as well as bad appear unfounded.
[02:36.50]Viruses often cause massive failure in staple crops in developing countries.
[03:00.69]Biotech can also help solve the problem of soil that contains excess aluminum,
[03:06.24]which can damage roots and cause many staple-crop failures.
[03:10.09]A gene that helps neutralize aluminum toxicity in rice has been identified.
[03:16.00]Many scientists believe biotech could raise overall crop productivity in developing countries
[01:16.30]almost all that growth occer in developing countries.
[01:20.00]At the same time,
[01:20.82]the world’s available cultivable land per person is declining.
[02:51.06]virus-resistant crops can reduce that damage,
[02:53.78]as can drought-tolerant seeds in regions

央企笔试英语中远海运

央企笔试英语中远海运As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, international trade has become a key component of economic growth. Central enterprises (央企) play a crucial role inthis process, and one particular area of focus is long-haul maritime transportation (中远海运). In this document, we will explore the intricacies of this field and the challenges that arise when it comes to the English language.1. Introduction to Long-Haul Maritime TransportationLong-haul maritime transportation refers to the movementof goods and products across vast oceanic distances. It involves the use of large cargo ships and plays a significant role in international trade. This mode of transportation is often preferred for bulky or non-perishable items due to its cost-effectiveness.2. Importance of English in the IndustryEnglish serves as the lingua franca in the maritime industry, allowing for effective communication among stakeholders from different countries. Command of the English language is essential for successful navigation, coordination, and documentation in the international waters. It ensures smooth operations and minimizes the risk of misunderstandings or accidents.3. Key Terminologies and PhrasesTo effectively communicate in the context of long-haul maritime transportation, it is crucial to familiarize oneself with the key terminologies and phrases used in this field. Some examples include port operations, vessel navigation, cargo handling, customs clearance, voyage planning, andfreight rates. Understanding and correctly using these terms will facilitate clear and concise communication.4. Challenges of Language BarrierWhile English serves as the industry's common language, the language barrier remains a challenge for many in thefield of long-haul maritime transportation, especially those whose native language is not English. It is imperative for professionals in this sector to overcome this challenge by actively improving their English language skills throughself-study, language courses, or other resources.5. Strategies for Enhancing English ProficiencyTo enhance English proficiency in the context of long-haul maritime transportation, individuals can employ various strategies. These may include participating in language exchange programs, attending industry-specific language courses, practicing communication skills, and reading relevant materials or publications. It is essential to remain proactive in improving language abilities to ensure effective communication.6. ConclusionIn conclusion, long-haul maritime transportation is a vital aspect of international trade, and proficiency in English is crucial for success in this field. By understanding the key terminologies, overcoming language barriers, and actively improving language skills, professionals can enhance their overall effectiveness and contribute to the smooth operation of this industry.In this document, we have discussed the importance of English in long-haul maritime transportation and the challenges that arise in overcoming the language barrier. By utilizing appropriate strategies and continuously enhancinglanguage proficiency, professionals in this sector can navigate the global waters of international trade with confidence.。

托福阅读tpo64R-3原文+译文+题目+答案+背景知识

TPO64 R-3 The Development of Complex Societies in Ancient Mexico原文 (1)译文 (3)题目 (4)答案 (8)背景知识 (9)原文The Development of Complex Societies in Ancient Mexico①Between 9,000 and 4,000 years ago, most of Mexico was inhabited mainly by hunter-foragers who lived in small bands that moved with the seasons to exploit cactus fruits, deer herds, nuts, and the hundreds of other plant and animal species in their range, depending on the season. Since these bands were small in size and never stayed in one place for a sufficient period of time to have much long-term effect on the plant and animal populations on which they subsisted, the hunter-foragers’overall impact on their environment was low. A few groups along the margins of the lake in the Valley of Mexico may have been sedentary villagers, as were some groups along the coasts, and their role in the domestication of plants and animals and the eventual spread of agriculture is unclear. Some researchers suggest, however, that by about 4,000 years ago, maize cob size had become large enough that people over large areas of the Mexican highlands could subsist mainly on maize.②The recent re-dating of some of the supposedly earliest domesticated maize in Mesoamerica (Ancient Mexico) to about 3500 B.C. raises the possibility that initial agriculture evolved out of intensified foraging by groups of people who were relatively sedentary, perhaps living all or most of the year in one or a few places, and that they were perhaps even in the process of developing social differences (social hierarchy) that increased the intensity of their foraging. However maize was domesticated, and by whom, maize appears to have reached sufficient productivity to permit the village-farming way of life soon after about 2000 B.C., and agricultural communities appeared at about this time in many different areas.③From the hot, wet coastal lowlands to the arid Tehuacan Valley, the earliest villages were quite similar in size and contents. Almost all houses were built using the wattle-and-daub method—sticks branches, and cane were woven in-and-out between vertical wall poles, then covered with a mud plaster, which was dried by the hot sun. Houses, which were seldom larger than four by six meters, featured thatched roofs and tamped clay floors on which fine sand was scattered.④Most of the earliest farming communities were tiny hamlets—villages of ten to twelve houses that were home to about fifty to sixty people—but some communities were larger. Most houses that have been excavated have yielded the same remains, mainly grinding stones, storage pits, pieces of large ceramic storage jars, bones of cottontail rabbits, carbonized maize fragments, and broken pieces of ceramic charcoal braziers. In addition, ovens, middens, and graves are very common. While the proportion of plant and animal foods varied somewhat, all villages probably grew maize, beans, squash, peppers, and some other crops, and hunted deer and rabbits. Each village, or each extended family, may have had a specialist who did pressure flaking of stone (to make tools), leather-working, or a similar craft, and individual villages may have concentrated on specialties like salt production, feather-weaving, shell-working, and grinding stone manufacture.⑤As in Mesopotamia, China, and elsewhere, the background to the origins of complex society in Mesoamerica was a great scatter of relatively simple agricultural villages in which the mechanics of producing a reliable, expandable food supply had been mastered. An early radical break with the simple village farming tradition of Mesoamerica occurred in the sweltering lowlands of the South Gulf Coast of Mexico. Here, beginning at about 1000 B.C., people built massive clay pyramids and platforms, lived in small town groups of hundreds or even thousands, intensively farmed a variety of ecological zones, and produced what is one of the world’s most valued examples of stone sculpture.⑥These people are known to us as the Olmec, a name derived from an ancient American word for rubber—doubtless a reference to the rubber trees that grow in this area—but a name they themselves probably did not use. Some scholars have considered the possibility that the Olmec culture was the mother culture of all later complex societies in Mesoamerica and that the Olmec were directly responsible for transforming their neighbors by military, political, religious, or economic means into complex societies. Other scholars, however, have argued convincingly that the Olmec represent only one of several largely independentcases of the evolution of social complexity in Mesoamerica.译文古代墨西哥复杂社会的发展①在9,000到4,000年前之间，墨西哥的大部分地区主要是狩猎觅食者，他们以小群体生活，随季节迁移；以仙人掌果实、鹿群、坚果以及范围内的数百种其他动植物物种为食，随季节而定。

自考英语(一)复习资料第五章

自考英语(一)复习资料第五章本课主要单词1. fallacy n. 谬误；谬论；错误的推理或信念That the earth is flat used to be a popular fallacy.（地球是扁平的这一谬误曾一度很流行。

）Needless to say， this statement is based on fallacy.（不用说，这是一个基于谬误推理的陈述。

）2. quality n. 质量；品质，特性adj. 优质的，高级的He is a man of many good qualities.（他具有许多优秀品质。

）The quality of your products is superior to that of ours.（你们的产品质量比我们的好。

）You have no reason to deprive me of the right to a quality education.（你没有理由剥夺我受良好教育的权利。

）qualify v. 使合适，使胜任I am not very sure if he is qualified for the job.（我不很肯定他是否胜任这份工作。

）His skills qualify him for the job.（他的技艺使他有资格担任这一工作。

）qualified adj. 有资格的；称职的He is trying hard to make himself a qualified teacher.（他在努力使自己成为一个称职的教师。

）3. savage adj. 野蛮的，未开化的；凶猛的，残酷的n.野蛮人，粗野的人Most of the time elephants are tame but they can be very savage.（大多数时候大象很温顺，但他们也会大发野性。

）No one can put up with his savage manners.（谁也忍受不了他的粗暴态度。

比较难的高考英语试卷

Part I Listening Comprehension (25 points)Section A (5 points)In this section, you will hear 5 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.1. A) The man has finished his assignment.B) The man needs to write another paper.C) The woman has already submitted her assignment.D) The woman has completed her assignment.2. A) The woman is a doctor.B) The woman is a teacher.C) The woman is a nurse.D) The woman is a student.3. A) The man will meet the woman at the airport.B) The man will drive the woman to the airport.C) The woman will take a bus to the airport.D) The woman will fly to another city.4. A) The man is going to a movie.B) The man is going to the gym.C) The man is going to a concert.D) The man is going to a sports game.5. A) The woman is planning a vacation.B) The woman is working on a project.C) The woman is studying for an exam.D) The woman is preparing for a presentation.Section B (10 points)In this section, you will hear a passage three times. The passage is printed in your answer book and you are required to answer the questions after you hear the passage. The passage is about a famous author's life and work.6. What is the author's main occupation?A) A teacherB) A writerC) A lawyerD) A doctor7. How many books has the author published so far?A) 10B) 15C) 20D) 258. What inspired the author to write his first novel?A) A personal experienceB) A historical eventC) A friend's storyD) A dream9. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a theme in the author's books?A) LoveB) AdventureC) WarD) Science10. How does the author feel about his writing career?A) ExcitedB) OverwhelmedC) DisappointedD) SatisfiedPart II Structure and Vocabulary (40 points)Section A (15 points)In this section, there are 15 incomplete sentences. Each sentence has a blank. For each blank, there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the one that best completes the sentence.11. The students were surprised ______ the teacher showed up at the last minute.A) whenB) thatC) whichD) where12. ______ he was tired, he continued to work until midnight.A) AlthoughB) BecauseC) Even thoughD) Since13. She ______ the book so many times that it fell apart.A) has readB) had readC) readsD) read14. It is ______ to leave the meeting early without permission.A) not possibleB) not permissionC) permission notD) permission to not15. The new law ______ to go into effect on January 1st.A) willB) hasC) haveD) having16. If you ______ to the party, you would have met my sister.A) would have goneB) had goneC) would goD) have gone17. ______ you come to the meeting, I would have told you the secret.A) HadB) WouldC) ShouldD) Were18. She ______ her homework until the last minute, so she was late for school.A) always finishedB) always had finishedC) has always finishedD) has always had finished19. ______ the weather is so bad, we have to cancel the picnic.A) BecauseB) AlthoughC) SinceD) If20. ______ he worked hard, he failed the exam.A) BecauseB) AlthoughC) DespiteD) Despite of21. ______ you don't understand the instructions, please ask for help.A) IfB) BecauseC) SinceD) As22. ______ you have finished your work, you can go home.A) IfB) OnceC) UntilD) Because23. ______ you are free, you can come to my house for dinner.A) IfB) WhenC) AsD) Because24. ______ you are not sure about the answer, you can check the dictionary.A) IfB) WhenC) AsD) Because25. ______ you are late, you can't enter the exam room.A) IfB) WhenC) AsD) BecauseSection B (25 points)In this section, there are 25 sentences. Each sentence has a blank. For each blank, there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the one that best completes the sentence.26. The students were (A) excited (B) surprising (C) amazed (D) puzzled when they found out that the test had been postponed.27. The (A) government (B) country (C) nation (D) state is taking steps to reduce air pollution.28. The (A) restaurant (B) café (C) diner (D) tavern has been closed due to health code violations.29. The (A) police (B) officer (C) detective (D) sheriff arrested the suspect for (A) shoplifting (B) stealing (C) burglary (D) theft.30. The (A) manager (B) supervisor (C) director (D) president of the company is responsible for (A) hiring (B) firing (C) promoting (D) disciplining employees.31. The (A) movie (B) film (C) picture (D) video was (A) boring (B) interesting (C) exciting (D) thrilling.32. The (A) professor (B) teacher (C) instructor (D) lecturer gave the students a (A) lecture (B) talk (C) speech (D) address.33. The (A) hospital (B) clinic (C) doctor's office (D) healthcarecenter is (A) open (B) closed (C) available (D) accessible.34. The (A) library (B) bookstore (C) newsstand (D) bookstore has a (A) wide (B) narrow (C) large (D) small selection of books.35. The (A) museum (B) gallery (C) exhibit (D) show is (A) free (B) expensive (C) discounted (D) on sale.36. The (A) concert (B) recital (C) performance (D) show was (A)fantastic (B) terrible (C) boring (D) amazing.37. The (A) restaurant (B) café (C) diner (D) tavern serves (A)delicious (B) tasty (C) good (D) bad food.38. The (A) hospital (B) clinic (C) doctor's office (D) healthcarecenter provides (A) excellent (B) poor (C) average (D) great care.39. The (A) movie (B) film (C) picture (D) video was (A) entertaining (B) boring (C) exciting (D) thrilling.40. The (A) library (B) bookstore (C) newsstand (D) bookstore has a (A) wide (B) narrow (C) large (D) small selection of books.41. The (A) museum (B) gallery (C) exhibit (D) show is (A) free (B) expensive (C) discounted (D) on sale.42. The (A) concert (B) recital (C) performance (D) show was (A)fantastic (B) terrible (C) boring (D) amazing.43. The (A) restaurant (B) café (C) diner (D) tavern serves (A)delicious (B) tasty (C) good (D) bad food.44. The (A) hospital (B) clinic (C) doctor's office (D) healthcarecenter provides (A) excellent (B) poor (C) average (D) great care.45. The (A) movie (B) film (C) picture (D) video was (A) entertaining (B) boring (C) exciting (D) thrilling.46. The (A) library (B) bookstore (C) newsstand (D) bookstore has a (A) wide (B) narrow (C) large (D) small selection of books.47. The (A) museum (B) gallery (C) exhibit (D) show is (A) free (B) expensive (C) discounted (D) on sale.48. The (A) concert (B) recital (C) performance (D) show was (A)fantastic (B) terrible (C) boring (D) amazing.49. The (A) restaurant (B) café (C) diner (D) tavern serves (A)delicious (B) tasty (C) good (D) bad food.50. The (A) hospital (B) clinic (C) doctor's office (D) healthcarecenter provides (A) excellent (B) poor (C) average (D) great care.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section A (20 points)Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.The internet has revolutionized the way we communicate, access information, and conduct business. One of the most significant impactsof the internet is the rise of social media platforms. These platformshave transformed the way individuals interact with each other, as well as how they consume and share information.Social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have become integral parts of daily life for many people. They allow users to connect with friends and family, share updates, and express their opinions. However, the rise of social media has also brought about several challenges. One of the most pressing issues is the spread of misinformation and fake news. This has led to increased polarization and social division.Another challenge is the issue of privacy. Many social media platforms collect vast amounts of personal data from users, which can be used for targeted advertising and other purposes. This has raised concerns about the potential for misuse of personal information.Despite these challenges, social media has also had a positive impact on society. It has provided a platform for marginalized voices to be heard, and has helped to organize social movements. For example, the Arab Spring was largely fueled by social media activism.The future of social media is uncertain. As technology continues to evolve, new platforms and features will emerge. It is important for users to be aware of the potential risks and to use these platforms responsibly.51. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The benefits of social mediaB) The challenges of social mediaC) The impact of social media on societyD) The future of social media52. According to the passage, what is one of the main challenges of social media?A) The lack of privacyB) The spread of misinformationC) The cost of using social mediaD) The difficulty of finding friends53. How has social media impacted marginalized voices?A) It has silenced themB) It has provided a platform for themC) It has made them more invisibleD) It has made them less influential54. What is the author's opinion about the future of social media?A) It will become more expensiveB) It will become more accessibleC) It will become more dangerousD) It will become more responsibleSection B (20 points)Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.The environmental impact of human activity is a critical issue that affects the health and well-being of all living organisms on Earth. One of the most significant environmental problems is climate change, which is primarily caused by the excessive emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.Climate change leads to a variety of negative consequences, including rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and the loss of biodiversity. These effects are particularly severe in developing countries, where the most vulnerable populations are at risk.To address the issue of climate change, several international agreements have been established, such as the Paris Agreement. These agreements aimto reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote sustainable development. However, the effectiveness of these agreements is often limited by the actions of individual countries.Individuals can also play a significant role in mitigating climate change. By adopting more sustainable practices, such as reducing energy consumption, using public transportation, and supporting renewable energy sources, individuals can help to reduce their carbon footprint.55. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The causes of climate changeB) The effects of climate changeC) The solutions to climate changeD) The history of climate change56. According to the passage, which of the following is a consequence of climate change?A) Decreased biodiversityB) Increased biodiversityC) No change in biodiversityD) Unknown effects on biodiversity57. What is the purpose of the Paris Agreement?A) To increase greenhouse gas emissionsB) To reduce greenhouse gas emissionsC) To ignore climate changeD) To promote the use of fossil fuels58. How can individuals contribute to mitigating climate change?A) By increasing energy consumptionB) By using public transportationC) By supporting renewable energy sourcesD) By buying more carsPart IV Writing (25 points)59. Write a letter to a friend who is considering studying abroad. In your letter, you should:- Express your opinion on whether studying abroad is a good idea.- Give specific reasons and details to support your opinion.。

中国最具有代表性的事物英语作文

中国最具有代表性的事物英语作文The Most Amazing Things in ChinaWow, China is such an incredible country! There are so many fascinating and unique things that make China special. If someone asked me what the most representative things in China are, I would have a tough time choosing because there are just so many amazing possibilities. But I'll do my best to tell you about some of the coolest, most iconic things that come to mind when I think about my wonderful homeland.Let me start by talking about the Great Wall of China. This massive wall stretching across the north of China has to be one of the most famous attractions not just in China, but in the entire world! It's so incredibly long—over 13,000 miles! Just imagining people building that enormous thing all the way back hundreds of years ago blows my mind. The Great Wall winds up and down across mountains and through valleys in this epic zigzag pattern. Some parts are rough with crumbling stone, while other renovated sections look smooth and sturdy. No matter where you see it though, the Great Wall is always this impressive, larger-than-life landmark that makes you feel puny in comparison. I remember going there on a field trip and being completely awestruck by how ginormous it was. Climbing up thesteep steps really took my breath away! But it was worth it to take in those amazing views from up high on the wall's winding path. Just thinking about the Great Wall's sheer size and length gives me a sense of the incredible history, manpower and scale of ambition in China's past.Another hugely iconic symbol of China has to be the giant panda bear. Oh my gosh, aren't pandas just about the cutest, most adorable animals ever? With their distinctive black and white markings, round fuzzy bodies, and curious black patches around their eyes, pandas are definitely one of the most recognizable animals on the planet. And they are very uniquely Chinese too! You can only find giant pandas naturally living in the bamboo forests of a few mountain ranges in central China. Seeing pandas lounging around and munching lazily on bamboo at a panda reserve is such a delight. They always seem so relaxed and carefree. I just want to give them a big old hug! Though I'd probably get shredded by their sharp claws since they can be kinda grumpy at times. Even as cubs, baby pandas look like these magic little toys come to life. Did you know baby pandas are actually born pink and tiny—only about as big as a stick of butter? And then they grow into these big, lumbering, gentle giants over time. China goes to great lengths to protect and care for these precious pandas since they are so endangered in the wild. I'mproud that these special bears are a Chinese treasure loved by people around the world.Let's see, what else is a classic, iconic symbol of China? How about the legendary Chinese dragon! Yup, that mighty, mythical beast is found all across Chinese art, architecture, literature and culture. The Chinese dragon has such a striking, powerful look with its long serpentine body, fierce face, claws and those incredible scales running all along its form. It's usually depicted as soaring, flying or twisting its way through misty clouds and erupting fire from its mouth. The dragon is a revered symbol of strength, good luck and power in Chinese tradition. You'll see colorful, intricate designs of dragons decorating temples, palaces, pottery, clothing, festivals and all sorts of other places. Some dragon designs feel elegant and flowy, while others are more bold and intimidating. But they all capture the aura of this sacred, magical creature from Chinese mythology. Every Chinese person grows up hearing fables about dragons and their incredible, heroic adventures. I used to love falling asleep to those ancient dragon legends as a kid. Maybe if I dream hard enough, I'll spot a real dragon taking flight through the clouds someday!Speaking of mythology, I can't talk about iconic Chinese things without mentioning the famous Monkey King character from the classic Journey to the West novel. The Monkey King is basically the mischievous superhero trickster of Chinese folklore! He's this kick-butt warrior monkey who can magically transform into different objects and animals, summon powerful gusts of wind, run across planets in the blink of an eye, and even travel all the way to the depths of the ocean. Basically, the Monkey King has mad skills and is pretty much capable of just about anything once he really focuses his abilities. At the same time though, he can also be this total prankster who stirs up trouble and likes to clown around. I used to act out those silly Monkey King stories and imagine going on adventures like him when I was little. Every kid knows those captivating tales of the Monkey King battling demons, causing chaos in the heavens, and eventually joining the journey to bring sacred Buddhist scrolls from India back to China. His bold defiance but also devotion to virtue is so inspiring. The Monkey King epitomizes the very best of Chinese wit, kung fu spirit and dauntless heroism. You can see his iconic image of holding his signature staff weapon everywhere in Chinese pop culture, from TV shows to snacks to murals.I could go on and on about so many other things that capture the richness and wonder of Chinese culture. Likefirecrackers and lanterns during the festive Chinese New Year's celebrations. Or the intricate flavors of regional Chinese cuisines—the peppery Sichuan dishes, the subtle dim sum of Canton, the noodles of the northwest, the fresh seafood along the coasts. Or Chinese inventions like the compass, gunpowder, paper, printing and so many others that transformed the entire world. Maybe I could describe Chinese brush painting next, with its elegant depictions of natural landscapes, animals and poetic calligraphy. Or the iconic sights like the Forbidden City in Beijing, the towering Buddha statues carved into mountainsides, the endless rice terrace farms winding among hills, or the futuristic skylines of modern Chinese megacities.There's just so much vibrancy, history, artistry and diversity woven into the fabric of this vast nation. My little essay can't possibly cover all the richness that defines the beautiful culture of China. From ancient wonders and traditions to contemporary marvels, China brims with iconic sights, sounds, stories and symbols unlike anywhere else. I feel so lucky to come from such an amazing place with so many astounding treasures to behold. That feeling of pride and wonder is what I think of whenever I envision the Great Wall, pandas, flying dragons, the Monkey King and all those other legendary images etched into the identity of the Chinese people. This country's essence and spirit stretchesback thousands of years, yet burns so brilliantly and colorfully in the modern era too. I hope I've given you just a tiny glimpse into what makes China such an awesome, monumental place. Maybe someday you'll get to experience its majesty for yourself! Until then, I'll keep soaking in all the beauty, power and magic around me.。

专升本英语考试真题2024湖北

专升本英语考试真题2024湖北全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12024湖北省专升本英语考试真题Part I Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions: There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.Climate change is a global issue that affects us all. However, its impact varies from region to region, and some countries are more vulnerable than others. In Africa, for example, climate change has led to longer and more severe droughts, which have had devastating effects on agriculture and food security. This has resulted in food shortages and famines, which in turn have led to political instability and conflict in some parts of the continent.In Asia, the effects of climate change are also being felt. Rising sea levels and more frequent cyclones are putting coastal communities at risk, while melting glaciers in the Himalayas are affecting water supplies for millions of people in South Asia. In some countries, such as Bangladesh, which is already vulnerable to floods and cyclones, the situation is becoming increasingly dire.In Latin America, deforestation and land degradation have made some countries more vulnerable to the impact of climate change. Forests play a crucial role in regulating the climate by absorbing carbon dioxide, but when they are cut down or burned, this natural carbon sink is lost. This leads to higher levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which contribute to global warming.1. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The impact of climate change on AfricaB. The effects of climate change in AsiaC. The vulnerability of countries to climate changeD. The role of forests in regulating the climate2. According to the passage, what have longer and more severe droughts in Africa led to?A. Political instabilityB. Rising sea levelsC. Melting glaciersD. Deforestation3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an effect of climate change in Asia?A. Rising sea levelsB. More frequent cyclonesC. DeforestationD. Melting glaciers4. 4. Why are some countries in Latin America more vulnerable to the impact of climate change?A. Because of longer and more severe droughtsB. Because of political instabilityC. Because of deforestation and land degradationD. Because of food shortages5. What is the role of forests in regulating the climate?A. Absorbing carbon dioxideB. Leading to higher levels of greenhouse gasesC. Contributing to global warmingD. Melting glaciersPassage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.Global warming is one of the most pressing challenges of our time, and urgent action is needed to address it. Scientists have warned that if we do not take immediate steps to reduce our carbon emissions, the consequences could be catastrophic. Rising temperatures, more frequent extreme weather events, and rising sea levels are just some of the potential impacts of climate change.One of the main causes of global warming is the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas. These fuels release carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, which trap heat and cause the Earth's temperature to rise. To combat global warming, we need to shift to cleaner, renewable sources of energy such as wind, solar, and hydro power.In addition to reducing our carbon emissions, we also need to adapt to the changing climate. This means building resilient infrastructure that can withstand extreme weather events, suchas floods and storms. It also means developing sustainable agriculture practices that can cope with changing weather patterns and ensure food security for all.6. According to the passage, why is urgent action needed to address global warming?A. Because of rising sea levelsB. Because of more frequent extreme weather eventsC. Because of catastrophic consequencesD. Because of renewable sources of energy7. What is one of the main causes of global warming?A. Rising temperaturesB. More frequent extreme weather eventsC. Burning fossil fuelsD. Shifting to renewable sources of energy8. What do fossil fuels release into the atmosphere?A. Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gasesB. HeatC. Rising sea levelsD. Changing weather patterns9. What do cleaner, renewable sources of energy do?A. Trap heat in the atmosphereB. Cause the Earth's temperature to riseC. Release greenhouse gasesD. Reduce carbon emissions10. Besides reducing our carbon emissions, what else do we need to do to address global warming?A. Building resilient infrastructureB. Developing sustainable agriculture practicesC. Shifting to cleaner, renewable sources of energyD. All of the abovePassage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Climate change is not just an environmental issue; it is also a social justice issue. The impacts of climate change are disproportionately felt by the most vulnerable communities, whooften have the least resources to cope with them. This is known as climate injustice.For example, the people who are most affected by rising sea levels and extreme weather events are often those living in poverty in developing countries. These communities are more likely to be located in low-lying coastal areas or areas prone to natural disasters, making them particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change.In addition to the physical impacts of climate change, there are also social and economic consequences. For instance, food shortages and famines resulting from droughts can exacerbate poverty and inequality, leading to social unrest and conflict. Climate change is also expected to worsen existing social inequalities, making it an issue of social justice as well.11. According to the passage, who are the most vulnerable communities to the impacts of climate change?A. Those living in developed countriesB. Those with the most resourcesC. Those living in poverty in developing countriesD. Those located in low-lying coastal areas12. What is climate injustice?A. The impacts of climate changeB. The physical impacts of climate changeC. The disproportionate impacts of climate change on vulnerable communitiesD. The social and economic consequences of climate change13. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a consequence of climate change?A. Food shortages and faminesB. Social unrest and conflictC. Rising sea levelsD. Exacerbating poverty and inequality14. How is climate change expected to worsen existing social inequalities?A. By decreasing food shortagesB. By mitigating poverty and inequalityC. By increasing social unrest and conflictD. By reducing the physical impacts of climate change15. Why is climate change also a social justice issue?A. Because of rising sea levelsB. Because of the impacts on vulnerable communitiesC. Because of existing social inequalitiesD. Because of the economic consequencesPart II Vocabulary (10 points)Directions: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part. Each sentence is followed by four choices. You are required to fill in each blank with only one word or phrase from the choices given.16. The (blank) of climate change are being (blank) around the world.A. impacts; feltB. causes; reducedC. consequences; ignoredD. effects; affected17. It is crucial to (blank) awareness about climate change and its (blank) on our planet.A. raise; impactB. reduce; influenceC. increase; effectsD. spread; consequences18. Renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power can help (blank) our reliance on fossil fuels.A. reduceB. increaseC. eliminateD. support19. The government needs to (blank) legislation to (blank) carbon emissions.A. pass; reduceB. enforce; eliminateC. abolish; raiseD. implement; increase20. Sustainable agriculture practices can help ensure (blank) security for all.A. foodB. energyC. waterD. resourcePart III Error Correction (20 points)Directions: There are 20 sentences in this part. Each sentences contains one error. You are required to correct the error in each sentence.21. The impacts of climate change are already being felf around the world.22. We need to take immediate actions to combat global warning.23. Rising temperatures, more frequent extreme weather events, and rising sea levels are just some potential impacts of climate change.24. One of the main causes of global warming is the burring of fossil fuels.25. To address global warming, we need shifting to cleaner, renewable sources of energy.26. Climate change is expect to worsen existing social inequalities.27. Sustainable agriculture practices can cope with changing weather patterns and ensure food securities for all.28. The government needs passing legislation to reduce carbon emissions.29. It is cruical that we raise awareness about the impacts of climate change on our planet.30. Climate change is also a social justice issue, with the impacts felt most by the most vulnerable communities.Part IV Writing (30 points)Directions: The environment is a hot topic today. Please write an essay (200-300 words) on the following topic: What can individuals do to help combat climate change? You should include the following points in your essay: reducing carbon footprint, using renewable energy sources, supporting sustainable practices, and raising awareness about climate change.篇2Special Upgrade Examination for Junior College to Bachelor's Degree in English 2024 in Hubei ProvincePart I: Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: In this part, there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter with a single line through the center.Passage 1It is important to maintain a good work-life balance to lead a healthy and happy life. This balance can be achieved by setting priorities, delegating tasks, and learning to say no when necessary. Work is important, but it should not come at the cost of your health and personal relationships.1. According to the passage, what can help achieve work-life balance?A. Setting prioritiesB. Working overtimeC. Taking on more tasksD. Ignoring personal relationships2. Why is it important to say no sometimes?A. To show powerB. To maintain healthy relationshipsC. To avoid workD. To get promotionsPart II: Writing (30%)Directions: For this part, you are required to write an essay on the topic "The Importance of Continuous Learning." You should write at least 200 words.Essay Sample:Continuous learning plays a crucial role in personal and professional growth. In today's fast-paced world, the only way to stay relevant and succeed is to keep learning and adapting to new technologies and trends. Lifelong learning not only enhances our knowledge and skills but also helps us to stay competitive in the job market.To begin with, continuous learning allows us to acquire new skills and knowledge that can improve our performance in various fields. For example, learning a new language can open up new career opportunities and enhance our communication skills.Additionally, staying updated on the latest industry trends and technologies can help us stay ahead of the competition and adapt to changes in the workplace.Moreover, continuous learning promotes personal growth and self-improvement. By challenging ourselves to learn new things, we can expand our horizons, boost our confidence, and develop a growth mindset. This mindset is essential for overcoming challenges and achieving our goals in life.In conclusion, continuous learning is essential for personal and professional development. By embracing lifelong learning, we can enrich our lives, stay competitive, and achieve our full potential.Part III: Translation (40%)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English.1. 他们的公司计划扩大业务，进军国际市场。

英语高考作文最后一个月提分句式

英语高考作文最后一个月提分句式In recent years, the issue of climate change has become a topic of international concern. With the earth's environment rapidly deteriorating, urgent actions need to be taken to address this pressing issue. In my opinion, it is crucial for governments, industries, and individuals to collaborate in order to combat climate change and protect our planet.Firstly, it is imperative for governments to implement effective policies and regulations. This includes setting strict emission reduction targets for industries and implementing stricter environmental standards. Governments should also invest in renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power, and provide incentives for industries to adopt sustainable practices. Furthermore, international cooperation is essential in tackling climate change, as no single country can solve this issue on its own. Governmentsmust come together and establish global initiatives to combat greenhouse gas emissions and promote environmental sustainability.Secondly, industries play a significant role inmitigating climate change. They need to acknowledge their responsibility and actively seek eco-friendly solutions. This can be achieved through technological advancements and innovation in production processes. Industries should reduce their reliance on fossil fuels and explore alternative energy sources. Additionally, companies should implement sustainable manufacturing practices, such as recycling and reducing waste. They can also promote environmentally friendly products and educate consumers about the importance of making eco-conscious choices.Lastly, individuals must also contribute to the fight against climate change. Every person can make a difference through their daily actions. Adopting energy-saving habitslike turning off lights when not in use and reducing water consumption can have a positive impact. Additionally, individuals can choose eco-friendly transportation methods, such as cycling or carpooling, to reduce carbon emissions. Moreover, raising awareness about climate change and the importance of conservation is crucial. Educating others and encouraging them to make environmentally responsible choices can create a collective effort towards a sustainable future.In conclusion, combating climate change requires collaborative efforts from governments, industries, and individuals. By implementing effective policies, investing in renewable energy, and adopting sustainable practices, we can protect our planet for future generations. It is our responsibility to act now and make a difference in the fight against climate change. Let us all work together towards a greener and more sustainable future.。

专四词汇打卡第十二天答案

Translate the Words with Shading Colors in the Sentences1.One group claimed to have executed the American hostage.一个组织声称已经处决了那名美国人质。

2.They drew up and executed a plan to reduce fuel consumption.他们制订并实施了一项降低燃料消耗的计划。

3.He used to astound his friends with feats of physical endurance.过去，他表现出来的惊人耐力常使朋友们大吃一惊。

4.He was engrossed in his job to the detriment of his health.他全身心地投入工作结果有损于他的健康。

（注：detriment[ˈdetrɪmənt]n.伤害;损害;造成伤害(或损害)的事物engross[ɪnˈgrəʊs]v.使某人全部的注意力和时间贯注）5.Staff who have to travel farther can claim excess travel expenses.需要到更远的地方出差的职员可以领取额外的差旅费。

6.New research shows that an excess of meat and salt can contract muscles.新的研究表明，过量食用肉类和盐可能会导致肌肉收缩。

7.The national chairman was fastidious in his preparation for the gigantic state banquet.这位国家主席在盛大国宴的准备上是一丝不苟的。

（同义词辨析：gigantic[dʒaɪˈgæntɪk]adj.巨大的;庞大的，指规格、数量或程度巨大的。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-上海交通大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：42

2022年考研考博-考博英语-上海交通大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The Maya civilization reached its period of greatest development about A.D.250 and continued to （） for hundreds of years.问题1选项A.thriveB.flourishC.prevailD.popularize【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。

thrive繁荣, 兴旺, 主要指生长得健壮;flourish繁荣, 兴旺, 指健康地成长发展或处于发展的高峰;prevail盛行, 战胜;popularize普及, 推广。

句意：玛雅文明大约在公元250年达到了其最伟大的发展时期, 并持续繁荣了数百年。

所以选项B更合适。

2.单选题Can you explain this （） of ten years in your job history which you have not accounted for? 问题1选项A.interruptionB.gapC.splitD.paring【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。

interruption"中断, 干扰";gap"缺口,差距,间隔";split"劈裂,裂缝;paring"削皮"。

选项中只有gap可以表示时间的间隔。

句意：你能解释一下在你的工作经历中你没有解释的十年空白期吗? 选项B正确。

3.单选题As many as one in four U. S. workers may be chronically angry on the job, with angry employees also more likely to be bored, have low energy and feel "stuck" in their posts, according to a report Tuesday. Employees are most likely to be angered by a boss or supervisor by a fellow employee or by others in the workplace not being productive, by tight deadlines or by heavy workloads, said Donald Gibson, a professor at the Yale School of Management."A turbulent economic environment that has produced, on the one hand, productivity and growth and, on the other, wrenching change and uncertainty, has buffeted the workplace," the report saiD."While a majority of employees are responding to these conditions with reports of workplace satisfaction there remain a substantial portion who are dissatisfied, even angry, at work," it addeD."Most visibly, anger is linked to workplace aggression, which appears to be increasing: We are weekly confronted with stories of workers taking aggressive, even violent, action particularly against supervisors." The survey found that 25 percent of those contacted said they were at least somewhat angry at work on a continuing basis. Angry employees tend to have less energy and interest in the job, and tend also to be bored, according to Gibson. And angry employees tend to feel"stuck"in the joB.The study did not speculate on what percentage of angry workers are likely to resort to violence. It did find that they feel less loyal to an employer. There have been a number of workplace shootings in the United States over the years, most recently rampages in Georgia and Alabama which left 12 dead.1.What's the meaning of "stuck"in Line 2 ParA.1?2.According to the passage, the angry workers are more likely to do the following EXCEPT （） .3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause for anger?4.What can you infer from the passage?5.Which is best fit for the title?问题1选项A.AttractedB.TrappedC.PuzzledD.Irritated问题2选项A.quit their jobsB.feel boredomC.have less loyaltyD.resort to violence问题3选项A.Great pressure.B.Less motion.C.Fear and uncertainty.D.Quarrel with a boss or other employees.问题4选项A.A considerable number of angry workers develop their angel into aggression.B.The relationship between the worker and the boss is the primary reason for anger at work.C.Angry workers are more likely to lose their jobs than others as a result.D.Economic environment might be the root cause for the feeling of anger at work.问题5选项A.The Increasing Violence of Angry Workers.B.Chronic Anger in U. S. Workplace.C.The Cause for Angry Workers.D.The Conflict between Capital and Labor.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.语义题。

物以稀为贵英语作文

物以稀为贵英语作文Title: The Value of Rarity: A Reflection on Scarce Resources。

In our world, scarcity often breeds value. This concept is encapsulated in the phrase "物以稀为贵" in Chinese, which translates to "scarce items are precious." This notion transcends cultural boundaries and finds resonancein various aspects of our lives, from economics to ecology. In this essay, we delve into the significance of rarity and its implications, exploring how it shapes our perceptions, behaviors, and the allocation of resources.One realm where the principle of rarity holds sway isin the natural world. Rare species, such as the giant panda or the snow leopard, capture our fascination and admiration precisely because of their scarcity. Their rarity renders them symbols of conservation efforts and emblematic of the fragility of our ecosystems. In the field of biodiversity conservation, the intrinsic value of these speciesmotivates preservation initiatives and underscores the importance of protecting their habitats.Similarly, in economics, scarcity underpins the laws of supply and demand. Scarce resources command higher prices due to their limited availability and heightened desirability. This principle is evident in various markets, from luxury goods to commodities like gold and diamonds. The allure of exclusivity drives consumer demand, leading to a premium placed on rare items. Consequently, scarcity not only influences pricing dynamics but also shapes consumer behavior and market trends.Moreover, rarity extends beyond tangible goods to intangible assets such as time and talent. Time, as afinite resource, becomes more precious when scarce. The scarcity of time prompts individuals to prioritize tasks, allocate resources efficiently, and cherish moments of leisure. Similarly, talent or expertise, when rare, becomes highly sought after and valued in professional spheres. The scarcity of skilled professionals in certain industries drives competition and incentivizes investment in educationand training.Furthermore, scarcity plays a pivotal role in shaping cultural perceptions and societal norms. Rare artifacts, artworks, or historical relics often hold significant cultural and historical value. Their scarcity enhancestheir mystique and imbues them with symbolic importance, shaping collective identities and narratives. Moreover, scarcity can also influence social hierarchies, as access to scarce resources confers status and prestige within communities.However, while rarity can enhance value, it also poses challenges and ethical dilemmas. The pursuit of rare resources, whether natural or man-made, can lead to exploitation, environmental degradation, and social inequities. The quest for rare minerals or precious metals, for instance, may fuel conflicts, exacerbate inequalities, and perpetuate unsustainable practices. Additionally, the commodification of rarity can foster elitism and exclusivity, creating barriers to access and perpetuating disparities.In conclusion, the principle of "物以稀为贵" encapsulates the inherent value of scarcity across various domains of human experience. From the natural world to the realms of economics, culture, and society, rarity shapes perceptions, behaviors, and the allocation of resources. While rarity can enhance value and intrigue, it also poses ethical challenges and prompts reflection on our relationship with scarce resources. Ultimately, understanding the dynamics of rarity is essential for fostering sustainability, equity, and responsible stewardship of our planet's resources.。

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Megacities are particularly endangered as they are increasingly affected by natural and man-made hazards , and they are ever more exposed to global change as well as contributing to it themselves . Therefore , they can be both victims and producers of risk.
Generally it is necessary to distinguish between the terms hazard (potential threat to humans and their welfare) and risk (the probability of specific hazard occurrence) . The definition of disaster is also provided .(an event , concentrated in time and space ,in which a community undergoes severe danger and incurs such losses to its members and physical appurtenances that the social structure is disrupted and the fulfilment of all or some of thee essential functions of the society is prevented).
Then , in order to get more information of the problem , we are supposed to do some examination . But what to examined ? The two general complexes of environmental and man-made hazards and risks need to be examined at least to an extent under the growing influence of global change processes .
It is necessary to consider the impacts of hazards with sudden or slow onset
Gains and losses , Direct and indirect , Tangible and intangible , Short term and long term effect
Here are some examples of environmental or man-made hazards.
As far as global societal changes are concerned , megacities are prone to growing socio-economic vulnerability because of
Pronounced poverty
Socio-spatial and political fragmentation
Extreme forms of segregation,disparities and conflicts
The juxtaposition of very different local lifeworlds , lifeforms and lifestyles play a significant differentiating role .
The cumulative result of different causes , effects and feed back effects in problem areas interconnected at many levels reinforce each other ,which impedes the analysis of material flows and their management .
On the other hand , megacities offer positive potential for global transformation , high effectivity of resources applied , efficient disaster prevention .
The above-mentioned high risk potential is already beyond the reach of direction and governability .a particular problem lies in the fact that the existing administrations and their organizational structures are not designed for thee scale .
Finally , it must be born in mind that megacities can not be regarded as isolated entities as they are nodal points of national and global systems and economies .。