托福写作备考之长句翻译练习答案
tpo32三篇托福阅读TOEFL原文译文题目答案译文背景知识
tpo32三篇托福阅读TOEFL原文译文题目答案译文背景知识阅读-1 (2)原文 (2)译文 (5)题目 (7)答案 (16)背景知识 (16)阅读-2 (25)原文 (25)译文 (28)题目 (31)答案 (40)背景知识 (41)阅读-3 (49)原文 (49)译文 (53)题目 (55)答案 (63)背景知识 (64)阅读-1原文Plant Colonization①Colonization is one way in which plants can change the ecology of a site.Colonization is a process with two components:invasion and survival.The rate at which a site is colonized by plants depends on both the rate at which individual organisms(seeds,spores,immature or mature individuals)arrive at the site and their success at becoming established and surviving.Success in colonization depends to a great extent on there being a site available for colonization–a safe site where disturbance by fire or by cutting down of trees has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level at which the invading species can become established.For a given rate of invasion,colonization of a moist,fertile site is likely to be much more rapid than that of a dry, infertile site because of poor survival on the latter.A fertile,plowed field is rapidly invaded by a large variety of weeds,whereas a neighboring construction site from which the soil has been compacted or removed to expose a coarse,infertile parent material may remain virtually free of vegetation for many months or even years despite receiving the same input of seeds as the plowed field.②Both the rate of invasion and the rate of extinction vary greatly among different plant species.Pioneer species-those that occur only in the earliest stages of colonization-tend to have high rates of invasion because they produce very large numbers of reproductive propagules(seeds,spores,and so on)and because they have an efficient means of dispersal(normally,wind).③If colonizers produce short-lived reproductive propagules,they must produce very large numbers unless they have an efficient means of dispersal to suitable new habitats.Many plants depend on wind for dispersal and produce abundant quantities of small,relatively short-lived seeds to compensate for the fact that wind is not always a reliable means If reaching the appropriate type of habitat.Alternative strategies have evolved in some plants,such as those that produce fewer but larger seeds that are dispersed to suitable sites by birds or small mammals or those that produce long-lived seeds.Many forest plants seem to exhibit the latter adaptation,and viable seeds of pioneer species can be found in large numbers on some forest floors. For example,as many as1,125viable seeds per square meter were found in a100-year-old Douglas fir/western hemlock forest in coastal British Columbia.Nearly all the seeds that had germinated from this seed bank were from pioneer species.The rapid colonization of such sites after disturbance is undoubtedly in part a reflection of the largeseed band on the forest floor.④An adaptation that is well developed in colonizing species is a high degree of variation in germination(the beginning of a seed’s growth). Seeds of a given species exhibit a wide range of germination dates, increasing the probability that at least some of the seeds will germinate during a period of favorable environmental conditions.This is particularly important for species that colonize an environment where there is no existing vegetation to ameliorate climatic extremes and in which there may be great climatic diversity.⑤Species succession in plant communities,i.e.,the temporal sequence of appearance and disappearance of species is dependent on events occurring at different stages in the life history of a species. Variation in rates of invasion and growth plays an important role in determining patterns of succession,especially secondary succession. The species that are first to colonize a site are those that produce abundant seed that is distributed successfully to new sites.Such species generally grow rapidly and quickly dominate new sites, excluding other species with lower invasion and growth rates.The first community that occupies a disturbed area therefore may be composed of specie with the highest rate of invasion,whereas the community of the subsequent stage may consist of plants with similar survival ratesbut lower invasion rates.译文植物定居①定居是植物改变一个地点生态环境的一种方式。
托福阅读长句有译文
1.Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space．(定语后置in some ways…)由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。
Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface原因状语the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans 主句in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space 后置定语，修饰a hostile environment to humans整个句子结构是：原因状语+主句+后置定语这是一个主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是不是复合句。
句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。
2.Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressive population growth．(倒装结构Basic to any understanding…is…)要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。
托福阅读长句(有译文)
创作编号：BG7531400019813488897SX创作者：别如克*1.Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space．(定语后置in some ways…)由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。
Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface原因状语the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans 主句in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space 后置定语，修饰a hostile environment to humans整个句子结构是：原因状语+主句+后置定语这是一个主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是不是复合句。
句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。
2.Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressive population growth．(倒装结构Basic to any understanding…is…)要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。
toefl长难句200例精讲与精练
Toefl长难句200例精讲与精练导言托福（T OE FL）考试中，长难句是阅读和听力部分常见的难点之一。
掌握长难句的解读和运用对于备考者来说至关重要。
本文将提供200个精选的长难句例题，并进行深入解析和练习，帮助考生更好地掌握托福长难句。
第一部分：例题解析1.1长难句例题1高考英语试卷中，“I t is+被强调部分+th a t/wh o+其他部分”的句型非常常见。
请分析下面这个例句：>I ti st he sh ee rs cal e of th eI nt er ne t's i nf lu en ce th at mak e si ts or e ma rk ab le.这个句子的主干是“t he sh ee rs ca le of t he In te rn et's inf l ue nc e”，而主语是整个句子的强调部分。
1.2长难句例题2在阅读中，遇到由一个“主语从句”和一个“宾语从句”组成的句子结构时，要注意从属连词的引导和从句中的主谓一致。
请分析下面这个例句：>I ti si mp or ta nt tha t st ud en ts un de rst a nd th ei mp or ta nce o ft im em a na ge me nt if th eyw a nt to su cc ee d.这个句子的主句是“I t is im po rt an t”，从句是“t ha ts tu de nt su nd e rs ta nd th ei mp ort a nc eo ft im em an age m en ti ft he y wa nt to su cc ee d”，注意从句中的主谓一致现象。
1.3长难句例题3有时候，长难句会通过添加让步状语从句来增加句子的复杂度和意义。
请分析下面这个例句：>D es pi te be in gt ire d,I de ci de dt og ofo r ar un.这个句子中，“D esp i t e be in gt ir ed”是一个让步状语从句，它表达了尽管疲倦，但我还是决定去跑步的意思。
托福长难句120有翻译
1.T o t a l l y w i t h o u t l i g h t a n d s u b j e c t e d t o i n t e n s e p r e s s u r e s h u n d r e d s o f t i m e s g r e a t e r t h a n a t t h e E a r t h’s s u r f a c e，t h e d e e p—o c e a n b o t t o m i s a h o s t i l e e n v i r o n m e n t t o h u m a n s，i n s o m e w a y s a s f o r b i d d i n g a n d r e m o t e a s t h e v o i d o f o u t e r s p a c e．由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。
T o t a l l y w i t h o u t l i g h t a n d s u b j e c t e d t o i n t e n s e p r e s s u r e s h u n d r e d s o f t i m e s g r e a t e r t h a n a t t h e E a r t h’s s u r f a c e原因状语t h e d e e p—o c e a n b o t t o m i s a h o s t i l e e n v i r o n m e n t t o h u m a n s主句i n s o m e w a y s a s f o r b i d d i n g a n d r e m o t e a s t h e v o i d o f o u t e r s p a c e 后置定语，修饰a h o s t i l e e n v i r o n m e n t t o h u m a n s整个句子结构是：原因状语+主句+后置定语这是一个主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是不是复合句。
托福阅读长句有译文
1.Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space．(定语后置in some ways…)由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。
Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface原因状语the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans 主句in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space 后置定语，修饰a hostile environment to humans整个句子结构是：原因状语+主句+后置定语这是一个主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是不是复合句。
句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。
2.Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressive population growth．(倒装结构Basic to any understanding…is…)要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。
托福阅读长句(有译文)
，1.Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space．(定语后置in some way s…)由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。
Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface原因状语the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans 主句…in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space 后置定语，修饰a hostile environment to humans整个句子结构是：原因状语+主句+后置定语这是一个主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是不是复合句。
句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。
to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressive population growth．(倒装结构Basic to any understanding…is…)要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。
托福写作句子翻译
In the past decades, advanced medical technology makes a longer life expentancy than before possible.Advances in medical technoloyg ( have made) makes it possible for people to live longer than before ( in the past).In fact, we must( have to) admit( the fact) that the quality of life is as important as life itself. / equals life itself.24. spare no effort25. people believe that computer skills will enhance job opportunities or promotion opportunities.People believe that more working or promotion opportunities will be obtained by having computer skills.26. According to the information I have collected these years, the knowledge is not as useful as people expected.The information I’ve collected over last few years leads me to believe that this knowledge may be less useful than most people think.27. it is generally believed/ thought /accepted that no college or university ...28.This is a problem that matters life and death, which no nation can ignore.It is a matter of life and death—a matter no country can afford to ingore.29. I prefer the later one with serveral reasons as follows.For my part, I agree with the later opinion for the following reasons.30. it is important for me to look at the arguments on both sides.。
托福写作初级-翻译、词句替换练习题
托福写作初级-翻译、词句替换练习题（含学生答案）课程1第一部分翻译下面的句子1.为了保护濒危物种(the endangered species)，我们必须竭尽所能We must do everything to protect the endangered species.2.为了完成任务，我尝试了各种工具来修(repair)我的车I try every tours to repair my car in an effort to achieve the work.3.北朝鲜和美国重启双边会谈(restart bilateral talks)，试图解决由来已久的(age-old)核问题(nuclear issue)North Korea and America restarted bilateral talks in an effort to solve the age-old nuclear issue.4.奥巴马的目标是提高(increase)中产阶级的可支配收入(disposable income)Obama’s goal is to increase disposable income.5.昨天老妈同意给我买车了，但是她没买My mother agreed to buy me a car yesterday, but she failed to do it.6.我的想法(idea)是去租一辆汽车My idea is to lease a car.7.为了通过SAT考试，提高我的词汇量很关键(essential)It’s essential to improve my number of words to pass SAT8.达到目标体重的方法之一是通过(through)身体锻炼(physical exercise)It’s one way to reach goal weight through physical exercise.9.解决空气污染的方法之一是发展公共交通(public transport)（两种写法）One way to reduce air pollution is to develop public transport.To develop public transport is a way to reduce air pollution.10.使用人工色素(artificial color)是使食物色彩丰富(colorful)的最常见方法（两种写法）It’s the most popular way to make food colorful to use artificial color.To use artificial color is the most popular way to make food colorful.11.修建地铁(metro)是降低交通堵塞(congestion)的最佳方法（两种写法）To make metro is the best way to reduce transport congestion.The best way to reduce transport congestion is to make metro.第二部分地道的替换词1.事实是：In factthe reality is that2.快乐：happiness，例句：America is about life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness3.悲伤sadnessgrief4.私家车保有量：the ownership of private cars5.名人：Famous mancelebritie s6.领域：Place onSphere造句练习：1.残酷的(harsh)现实是她不爱我The harsh fact is she doesn’t love me.2.我的目标是追求快乐My goal is to look for happiness.3.我不得不掩藏我的悲伤(grieves)I have to cover my grieves.4.正在上涨的私家车保有量引发了一系列的交通问题An increasing number of the ownership of private cars causes some traffic problems.第三部分段落阅读及仿写Obviously, you can't make everyone happy all the time, and some of your actions are going to ruffle feathers. One way to figure out how to handle these situations is to imagine how you will describe what happened later, when the dust has cleared（主旨句）. I'm reminded of a case a few years ago when a student come to me for advice. He was leading the campus-wide business competition and one team didn't show up for the final round of judging. Like all the teams that reach that stage of the competition, the team had been working on the project for seven months and had managed to（设法做到了）make it over a lot of hurdles （跨栏）to get to the finish line（目的）. The team hadn't received the message about the presentation time, in part because it was posted late and in part because they weren't paying attention. The student came to ask my opinion（目的）was torn（撕裂）about what to do （该做什么）. He felt there were two clear choices: he could hold fast to（坚持）the rules and disqualify the team, or he could be flexible and find another time for them to present their work.（目的）His gut reaction （直觉反应）was to stick to the rules. Everyone else had managed to show up, and it was going to be a burden to reschedule（目的）. The only guidance I gave him was this: whatever he did, I hoped he would be pleased with his decision at a later date. I urged him to consider how he would describe this challenge if during a job interview he were asked how he handled an ambiguous situation. The delinquent team was subsequently allowed to present, and I realized afterward that thinking about how you want to tell the story in the future is a great way to assess your response to dilemmas in general. Craft the story now so you'll be proud to tell it later.（段尾总结，与主旨句呼应）地道表达：克服了很多困难：Try ones bestover a lot of hurdles到达终点/完成：achieveget to the finish line（面对两难的选择时）不知道该如何选择：be torn about what to do，其中torn是tear的过去时，这里做动词Don’t know how to choose坚持规则：hold fast to the rules, stick to the rulesObey the rules佳句仿写你可以为我找另一个时间来做演讲(give a lecture)You can give a lecture for me in another time.成为我们的一员，你将会非常自豪You’ll be proud of yourself to join us.我不知道该选哪个女孩I don’t know which girl to choose.课程21，很少有人能克服困难成功的戒了烟(quit smoking)。
托福写作备考之长句翻译练习答案
托福写作备考之长句翻译练习1. It is inevitable for the old to have generation gap with their children. 对老年人来说，和他们的孩子有代沟是不可避免的。
2. It is sagacious that all relevant factors should be taken into account before taking any action. 在采取任何行动之前，应该考虑所有相关的因素，这是明智之举。
3. A fear has arisen among some people that the more machines will be used, the more workers will be unemployed and the lower our living standard will become. 恐惧在一些人当中出现了。
那就是，机器用得越多，失业的工人就越多，而我们的生活水平就会越低。
4. Before airing my opinion, I will analyze the hot issue from diverse perspectives. 在表明观点之前，我将从不从的角度来分析这个热门话题。
5. A s soon as a child becomes old enough to communicate with other children, he begins having friends, who sometimes influence him more rapidly than his family. 当一个孩子长到足以和其他人交流时，他便开始交朋友，这些朋友对他的影响有时比家庭更快6. They spend too much time in front of the television, ignoring their study, outdoor activities and even their families. 他们在电视机前面花费了太多的时间，忽略了学习、户外活动，甚至他们的家庭。
托福作文模板及翻译题
托福作文模板及翻译题Title: TOEFL Writing Template and Translation Questions。
Introduction。
The TOEFL exam is a widely recognized English language proficiency test that is required for non-native English speakers who want to study or work in English-speaking countries. The exam consists of four sections: reading, listening, speaking, and writing. In this article, we will provide a template for the TOEFL writing section and discuss common translation questions that may appear on the exam.TOEFL Writing Template。
The TOEFL writing section consists of two tasks: an integrated writing task and an independent writing task. For the integrated writing task, test takers are required to read a passage and listen to a lecture on the same topic. They must then write a response that summarizes the main points of the passage and the lecture. Here is a template that can be used for the integrated writing task:Introduction:Paraphrase the topic and state the main points of the passage and the lecture.Body Paragraph 1:Summarize the main points of the passage.Provide examples or details from the passage to support the summary.Body Paragraph 2:Summarize the main points of the lecture.Provide examples or details from the lecture to support the summary.Conclusion:Summarize the relationship between the passage and the lecture.Restate the main points and express your opinion if necessary.For the independent writing task, test takers are given a prompt and must write an essay expressing their opinion on the topic. Here is a template that can be used for the independent writing task:Introduction:Paraphrase the topic and state your opinion.Body Paragraph 1:Present the first reason or example to support your opinion.Provide details or examples to support your reason.Body Paragraph 2:Present the second reason or example to support your opinion.Provide details or examples to support your reason.Body Paragraph 3:Present the third reason or example to support your opinion.Provide details or examples to support your reason.Conclusion:Restate your opinion and summarize the main points.Translation Questions。
托福英语长句翻译
According to a research recently ,4000000 people die from diseases linked to smoking each year.The research recently show that most of children have no favorable impression about homework.No invention like Internet has received so much praise and criticismPeople seem to ignore that the education should’t finish with the graduation.Many professor point out that sport directly link to the healthy.Nowadays,many students always feel exciting about the coming life of high school or college they will begin.However,for most people,on their first day on campus is not a pleasant experience.Considering the seriousness of the problem,before it become more serious ,effective measures should be taken.We should take some measure to limit the number of foreign tourists,efforts to protect local environment and history from the negative effects from international tourism.An increasing number of experts believe that migrants in city construction has played a positive role.However,more and more city residents have challenged this claim,they complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems in city,like crime and prostitutionMany city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city,they have to spend a long time waiting for a bus,and the bus may be full of passengers.There is no denying that air pollution is a serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to solve the pollution problem.An investigation show that female have a positive attitude toward the problem of retire.A proper part time job will not take many time of student, it is not healthy to spend all the time on study.Any government which can not see this point will pay a heavy price.More and more people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.About education , most of people think it is a process of study all one’s life.Most of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills,which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.We can not deny that there are millions of people who live in hungry and cold environment.Although this view is wildly accepted ,there is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.No one can deny this fact, education is the most important part of one’s life.。
托福阅读长句(有译文)
1.Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space．(定语后置in some ways…)由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。
Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface原因状语the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans 主句in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space 后置定语，修饰a hostile environment to humans整个句子结构是：原因状语+主句+后置定语这是一个主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是不是复合句。
句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。
2.Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressive population growth．(倒装结构Basic to any understanding…is…)要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。
托福阅读长句(有译文)
1.Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space．(定语后置in some ways…)由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。
Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface原因状语the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans 主句in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space 后置定语，修饰a hostile environment to humans整个句子结构是：原因状语+主句+后置定语这是一个主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是不是复合句。
句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。
2.Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressive population growth．(倒装结构Basic to any understanding…is…)要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。
托福阅读长句有译文
1.Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface,the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans,in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space．定语后置in some ways…由于完全没有光,而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力,深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境,在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远;Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface原因状语the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans 主句in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space 后置定语,修饰a hostile environment to humans整个句子结构是：原因状语+主句+后置定语这是一个主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分,但是不是复合句;句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境;to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressive population growth．倒装结构Basic to any understanding…is…要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大,就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长;该句的正常语序是The country's impressive population growth is basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War．本句是一个简单句,只不过使用了倒装,谓语动词是is.a result,claims that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore．同位语从句claims that…本句的主句结构是claims have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore. 那些观点广为人知,并成为一些民间说法的基础;同位语从句是that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health：只食用绿色食品就能防治疾病或增进健康本句的机构是主句内部嵌套一个同位语从句,结果,那些认为只食用绿色食品就能防治疾病或增进健康的观点广为人知,并成为一些民间说法的基础;are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones,that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs,that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like．并列同位语从句reports that…,that…,that…关于天然维生素优于人造维生素,受精蛋比未受精蛋的营养价值更高,未经熏蒸消毒处理的谷物比经过处理的好等等报道屡见不鲜,但都没有得到证实;5·The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact that reconstruction had to be undertaken also in the North,though less spectacularly．同位语从句fact that…南方极为严重的困境使北方同样需要开始重建尽管不像南方那么引人注目这一事实显得不太重要;6·The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl．宾语从句what we now know as现在可以获得这些环绕几乎每个大城市边缘地区的土地,这一可能性激发了一场房地产开发的热潮并造成了我们现在称为城区无计划扩展的现象;these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth．Of结构作定语：of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnan t ichthyosaurs…但这些因素并不能解释这个有趣的问题：为何在一个特定的地点会如此集中地出现即将临产的怀孕鱼龙群;rumors that there were prehistoric mammoths wandering around the unknown region and that somewhere in its wilds was a mountain of rock salt 80 by 45 miles in extent,the two captains set out．同位语从句rumors that…当时有一些传言,说有史前的猛犸在这一陌生的区域活动,而且在这一区域的某个地方有一座巨大的盐石山,其面积达80英里长50英里宽;就在这些传言中,两位上尉出发了;9. In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord,and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group,a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century．同位语a supremacy17世纪时风琴、敲弦琴和拨弦琴成为键盘乐器类的主要成员,这种至高无上的地位一直由它们保持,直到18世纪末被钢琴所取代;10．A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality,finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound,from a liquid,singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance．介词结构from…to…作定语持续到19世纪的一系列机械上的改进,包括引入踏板以维持音调或使其柔和,改善金属框架,以及使用最佳牲能的钢丝,最终产生了一种具备无数音调效果的乐器——这些效果涵盖了从最精致的和声到几乎全部的管弦乐音响,从明快流畅的吟唱音调到尖锐的打击乐器的恢弘气氛;11．The largest;later named Pueblo BonitoPretty Townby the Spanish, rose in five terraced stories,contained more than 800 rooms,and could have housed a population of 1,000 or more．虚拟语气最大的一座后来被西班牙人称为Pueblo Bonito美丽的城镇,是一个五层梯式楼,有800多问房子,能够容纳1 000人以上;12．Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”,the film has never been,in the full sense of the word, silent．倒装accustomed though we are…=though we are accustomed…虽然我们习惯于将1927年以前的电影叫做“无声电影”,但是就“无声’’这个词的完整意义上说,电影从未真正的无声过;a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra,and very often the principal qualification far holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces．特殊结构not…SO much as…——与其说…不如说…在好些年内,为各部影片选择配乐的权力完全掌握在乐队指挥或队长手中,而通常担任这种职位的资格与其说是技巧或鉴赏品位,不如说是个人拥有音乐作品的丰富收藏; 14·Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity,the number of species in a particular ecosystem,to the health of the Earth and human well-being．倒装coincident with concerns…has been…=…has been coincident with concerns…在对物种和动物栖息地加速消失表示关注的同时,人们也越来越认识到生物多样化,即一个特定生态系统中物种的数量对地球的健康以及人类幸福的重要性;fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests does not seem surprising,considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species．同位语从句fact that…；定语从句that compris e the bulk…考虑到组成大部分物种的昆虫的巨大数量,认为半数的已知物种栖息在世界的雨林中这一事实看起来并不令人吃惊;appreciate fully the diversity and abundance of life in the sea,it helps to think small．特殊结构it helps to…做…有帮助要充分认识海洋生命的多样性和丰富性,从小的角度思考有帮助;1 is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks,but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house．特殊结构not any more than像…一样不…科学建立在事实上,就像房子用砖砌成一样;但收集的事实不能被叫做科学,就像一堆砖不能被称为房子一样;variation between the hemispheres corresponds to which side of the body is used to perform specific activities．从句which side…is used…作corresponds to的宾语两个半球之间的不同与身体的哪一部分用于进行特定的活动是对应的;a period characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic tradition by authors such as John Barth,Donald Barthelme,and Thomas Pynchon, Joyce Carol Oates has seemed at times determinedly old-fashioned in her insistence OD the essentially mimetic quality of her fiction．特殊结构characterized by…——以…为特征尽管处于一个以抛弃大量现实主义传统以作家约翰·巴思、唐纳德·巴塞尔姆和托马斯．品钦为代表为特征的时代,乔伊斯·卡罗尔·欧茨因为坚持自己小说本质上模仿的特点,有时候看起来是一个坚定的守旧派;20．If it were not for this faculty,they would devour all the food available in short time and would probably starve themselves out of existence．虚拟语气如果不是具有这种能力,它们就会在短时间内吞掉所有能得到的食物,而且很可能会因饿死而灭绝;21．Individualism is weakly developed in folk cultures,as are social classes．倒装as are social classes ’个人主义和社会阶层在民间文化群体中的发展十分薄弱;22．People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect that unprecedented change in the nation's economy would bring social chaos．同位语从句prospect that…19世纪的美国人因为害怕国家经济中史无前例的变化会带来社会混乱这一前景而提心吊胆; 23．Accompanying that growth was a structural change that featured increasing economic diversification and a gradual shift in the nation's labor force from agriculture to manufacturing and other nonagricultural pursuits．倒装Accompanying that growth was a structural change that…=A structural change…was accompanying that growth伴随着这一增长的是一个结构变化,它以经济的不断多样化和国家劳动力从农业到制造业和其他非农业职业的逐渐转化为特征;24．As the roles men and women played in society became more rigidly defined, so did the roles they played in the home．倒装so did…随着男人和女人在社会中扮演的角色被限定得更加严格,他们在家中的角色也是如此;the column are three sepals and three petals,sometimes easily recognizable as such,often distorted into gorgeous,weird,but always functional shapes．倒装Surrounding the column are…围绕着蕊柱的是三个萼片和三个花瓣,有时很容易辨认出来,但经常被扭成华丽、奇特但总是有用的形状;26．With the growing prosperity brought on by the Second World War and the economic boom that followed it,young people married and established households earlier and began to raise larger families than had their predecessors during the Depression．倒装than had their predecessors—比较结构的第二部分随着二战带来的持续繁荣以及随之而来的经济增长,年轻人比大萧条中的同龄人结婚成家更早,而且养育的家庭比他们的前辈更大;27．The railroad could be and was a despoiler of nature；furthermore,in its manifestation of speed and noise,it might be a despoiler of human nature as well．关联结构could be and was铁路可以,事实上也是自然的掠夺者；而且,在其速度和噪音的表现上也可能是人性的掠夺者; 28．In the railroads' prime years,between 1 890 and 1920,there were a few individuals in the United States,most of them with solid railroading experience behind them,who made a profession of writing about railroading--works offering the ambience ofstations,yards,and locomotive cabs．同位语most of them；定语从句who made a profession of writing在1890年到1920年间铁路的黄金时期,美国有几个人他们大多有丰富的铁路经验以写铁路题材为职业——作品围绕车站、停车场和机车;29．On the other hand,when it comes to substantive--particularlybehavioral-information,crows are less well known than many comparably commonspecies and,for that matter,not a few quite uncommon ones：the endangered California condor,to cite one obvious example．特殊结构for that matter另一方面,当涉及实质性的,特别是行为方面的信息时,乌鸦就不如许多比较而言很普通的鸟类那样为人所知；而且,也不如许多很不寻常的鸟类,举一个明显的例子,如像濒危的加利福尼亚大秃鹫那样为人所知;30．Keen observers and quick learners,they are astute about the intentions of other creatures,including researchers,and adept at avoiding them．并列同位语keen observers and quick learners乌鸦是敏锐的观察家和快捷的学习者,它们对其他生物包括研究人员的意图感觉非常敏锐,并且善于躲开它们;31．These researchers have sought to demonstrate that their work can be a valuable tool not only of science but also of history,providing flesh insights into the daily lives of ordinary people whose existences might not otherwise be so well documented．宾语从句demonstrate that…；特殊结构otherwise这些研究人员已经力图证实他们的工作不仅可以成为科学而且还是历史的宝贵工具,为了解普通人的日常生活提供崭新的观点,否则这些普通人的生存状态不可能被记载得这么好; 32．Legend has it that sometime toward the end of the Civil War1861--1865a government train carrying oxen traveling through the northern plains of eastern Wyoming was caught in a snowstorm and had to be abandoned．特殊结构Legend has it that…=There is a legend that…传说在内战1861--1865快结束的某个时候,一列载着牛群的政府的火车在穿过怀俄明州东部的北部平原时遇到了暴风雪,因此不得不被遗弃;33．It is a lifelong process,a process that starts long before the start of school and one that should be an integral part of one's entire life．并列同位语a process that…,and one that…教育是一个终生的过程,早在人们上学之前就开始了;它应成为人的一生中不可缺少的一部分;34．Life's transition from the sea to the land was perhaps as much of an evolutionary challenge as was the genesis of life．特殊结构as much…as；倒装as was the genesis of life生命从海洋到陆地的过渡可能是一个像生命起源那样的进化挑战;35．In agriculture,the transformation was marked by the emergence of the grain elevators,the cotton presses,the warehouses,and the commodity exchanges that seemed to so many of the nation's farmers the visible sign of a vast conspiracy against them．特殊结构marked by；定语从句that seemed…the visible sign…在农业上,这一变化的标志是谷物升降机、皮棉打包机厂、货栈和商品交换的出现,对全国的众多农民来说它们是反对农民的大阴谋的明显标志;36．And there were factories in occupations such as metalwork where individual contractors presided over what were essentially handicraft proprietorships that coexisted within a single building．where引导定语从句；what引导的从句作presided over的宾语仍然有像金属制造厂一类的工厂,在那里个体承包商管理在同一幢楼里的本质上是手工艺品所有人的工场;37．But as the number of wage earners in manufacturing rose from million in 1880 to million in 1900 to 8．4 million in 1920．the number of huge plants like the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia burgeoned,as did the size of the average plant．倒装结构as did…但随着制造业中挣工资的人数从1880年的270万上升到1900年的450万到1920年的840万,像费城的包德温机车工厂这样的大型工厂的数量也大幅增加,同时普通工厂的规模也剧增;38．What we today call American folk art was,indeed, art of, by, and for ordinary, everyday “folks” who, with increasing prosperity and leisure, created a market for art of all kinds．and especially for portraits．what引导的从句作主语；介词结构artof,by,and for…——…所有、所创和所享的艺术我们今天所称的美国民间艺术确实是被普通民众所有、所创和所享的艺术;随着日渐繁荣和不断增加的空闲,这些民众为各种艺术,尤其是肖像艺术创造了一个市场;39．But in the heyday of portrait painting--from the late eighteenth century until the 1850’s—anyone with a modicum of artistic ability could become a limner as such a portraitist was called.as引导方式状语从句但是在肖像画的全盛期——从18世纪晚期一直到19世纪50年代——任何一个稍有艺术能力的人都能够成为一个绘画者人们当时就是这样称呼一个肖像画家的;40．The sculptural legacy that the new United States inherited from its colonial predecessors was far from a rich one,and in fact,in 1776 sculpture as an art form was still in the hands of artisans and craftspeople．并列句；特殊结构far from新生的美国从其殖民地时期的先辈那里继承的雕塑遗产远远谈不上丰富,而且,实际上在1776年雕塑作为—种艺术形式仍然掌握在手艺人和工匠的手里;41．0n the rare occasion when a fine piece of sculpture was desired,Americans turned to foreign sculptors,as in the 1770's when the cities of New York and Charleston, South Carolina,commissioned the Englishman Joseph Wilton to make marble statues of William Pitt．句子主干是Americans turned to foreign sculptors；两个when都引导定语从句：occasion when…,1770's when…；asin the 1770's的意思是“正如”在少数情况下,当需要一件精美的雕刻品时,就像1770年纽约与南卡罗来纳的查尔斯顿城委托英国人约瑟夫·威尔顿制造威廉·皮特的大理石雕像一样,美国人求助于外国人;42．Add to this the timidity with which unschooled artisans—originally trained as stonemasons,carpenters,or cabinetmakers--attacked the medium from which they were to make their images,and one understands more fully the development of sculpture made in the United States in the late eighteenth century．add to this the timidity…=add the timidity…to this为祈使句,相当于一个条件句：if one adds to this the timidity…这个再加上没有受过学校教育的艺人——他们最初是被训练为石匠、木匠或家具木工的——对待他们要制作成雕像的媒介物的胆怯,使人更充分地了解18世纪晚期美国雕刻艺术的发展;43．Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body, which would involve the expenditure of water and energy,desert mammals allow theirtemperatures to rise to what would normally be fever height,and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in Grant's gazelles．what引导的从句作rise to的宾语沙漠哺乳动物并不试图将体温控制得很低,因为这么做将会涉及水和能量的消耗,而是允许体温上升到平常是高烧的温度——有人在格兰特羚羊身上曾测到高达46摄氏度的体温; 44．Rent control is the system whereby the local government tells building owners how much they can charge their tenants in rent.whereby=by which,引导定语从句,表示手段租金管制是政府借以告诉房主他们可以收取多少租金的系统;45．They were spurred by the inflation of the 1970's,which,combined with California's rapid population growth,pushed housing prices,as well as rents, to record levels．which引导非限定性定语从句它们受到了20世纪70年代通货膨胀的刺激,这次通货膨胀与加利福尼亚人口的迅速增长结合在一起,将房价与租金推到了创纪录的水平;46．Implicit in it is an aesthetic principle as well：that the medium has certain qualities of beauty and expressiveness with which sculptors must bring their own aesthetic sensibilities into harmony．倒装结构Implicit in it is an aesthetic principle as well=An aesthetic principle is implicit in it as well,that引导的句子做principle的同位语其中也蕴涵一个美学原则：用于雕刻的媒介物有一定的美和富于表现力的特性,雕刻家必须使他们自己的审美感与这些特性融为和谐的—体;47．With the turn-of-century Crafts movement and the discovery of nontraditional sources of inspiration,such as wooden African figures and masks,there arose a new urge for hands-on, personal execution of art and an interaction with the medium．there arose…是一个存在句随着世纪之交的手工艺运动和非传统灵感源泉像非洲形体和面具的发现,出现了一种亲自实践、亲手制作艺术和与媒介物直接接触的新要求;48．The common kestrel roosts and hunts alone,but the lesser kestrel roosts and hunts in flocks,possibly SO one bird can learn from others where to find insect swarms．possibly so=possibly so that普通红隼单独栖息和狩猎,但较小的红隼群栖群食,很可能因此一只鸟可以从其他鸟那儿了解到在哪儿可以找到成群的昆虫;49．In the 1500s when the Spanish moved into what later was to become the southwestern United States,they encountered the ancestors of the modern day Pueblo,Hopi,and Zuni peoples．when引导定语从句,what引导的从句作moved into的宾语16世纪西班牙人进入后来成为美国西南部的地方时,他们遇到了今天皮艾布鲁人、霍比人和株尼人的祖先;50．During the 1940's electron microscopes routinely achieved resolution better than that possible with a visible light microscope,while the performance of x-ray microscopes resisted improvement．that指代前面的resolution,possible with a visible．1ight microscope作that的定语20世纪40年代,电子显微镜通常比可见光显微镜的分辨能力更强,而X光显微镜的表现却没有改进;5 1．What they do is look at familiar conditions from a perspective that makes these conditions seem foolish,harmful or affected．what引导主语从句；that引导定语从句它们所做的就是从这样一个角度来看待熟悉的环境,使这些环境看上去愚蠢、有害或做作; 52．Satire jars US out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked realization that many of the values we unquestioningly accept are false．out of…into…摆脱…,进入…；that引导的从句many of the values…are false作realization 的同位语；we unquestioningly accept作values的定语讽刺作品使我们摆脱了自满情绪,并在愉快与震惊之中认识到：许多我们毫无疑问地接受的价值观是错误的;53．With spontaneous irreverence,satire rearranges perspectives．scrambles familiar objects into incongruous juxtaposition and speaks in a personal idiom instead of abstract platitude．and连接并列句讽刺作品用自然流露的嘲讽态度再设了视角,将熟悉的事物自相矛盾地置于一起,使用个性化语言,而不是抽象的陈词滥调;54．It has lived because readers appreciate a refreshing stimulus,an irreverent reminder that they lived in a world of platitudinous thinking, cheap moralizing, and foolish philosophy．that引导的从句作reminder的同位语它之所以存在,是因为读者欣赏它使人耳目一新的刺激,它毫不客气地提醒：他们活在一个充满陈腐思想、廉价的道德说教与荒谬哲学的世界里;55．Soldiers rarely hold the ideals that movies attribute to them;nor do ordinary citizens devote their lives to unselfish service of humanity．特殊结构attribute to——赋予,归因于；nor放在句首引起倒装军人很少拥有人们在电影中赋予他们的那种理想,普通公民也很少奉献他们的生命为人类无私地服务;56．In addition to having to be a generalist while specializing in what may seem to be a narrow field,the researcher is faced with the problem of primary materials that have little or no documentation．what引导的从句作specializing in的宾语除了在专攻似乎是一个狭窄领域时不得不成为多面手以外,研究人员还面临着关于原始材料的文献很少或者根本没有这一问题;,the degree to which cones are naturally slightly open or tightly closed helps determine which bill design is the best．句子主干是the degree…helps determine…,从句to which cones are naturally slightly open or tightly closed作degree的定语而且球果自然地轻微开口或紧紧关闭的程度有助于确定哪种喙的设计是最好的;was she,a Baltimore printer,who published the first official copies of the Declaration,the first copies that included the names of its signers and therefore heralded the support of all thirteen colonies．It was…who为强调句；the first copies为前面the first official copies的同位语就是她,一位巴尔的摩的印刷商,出版了独立宣言的最早的官方版本,即包括独立宣言签署者名字并因此预告所有13个殖民地的支持的早期版本;comparison with these familiar yardsticks,the distances to the galaxies are incomprehensibly large,but they too are made more manageable by using a time calibration,in this case the distance that light travels in one year.与这些熟悉的尺度相比,到太空的距离远得难以理解,但它们也通过使用一个时间的标尺而变得更加容易对付了,在这种情况下是光在一年内走过的距离;primary reason was skepticism that a railroad built through so challenging and thinly settled a stretch of desert,mountain,and semiarid plain could pay a profit．that引导的从句作skepticism的同位语主要原因是存在一种怀疑主义,人们怀疑途经如此富于挑战性、人口稀疏的大片沙漠、山脉和半干旱平原的一条铁路能否获得利润;argument that humans,even in prehistoric times,had some number sense,at least to the extent of recognizing the concepts of more and less when some objects were added to or taken away from a small group,seems fair．for studies have shown that some animals possess such a sense．复合句,主句的主干是the argument…seems fair,其中从句that humans…had some number sense做argument的同位语人类甚至在史前已经有数字感,至少到有些物体被加到一小组里或者被拿走时能够辨别出“多了”还是“少了”的程度,这一观点似乎很合理,因为研究已经表明有些动物就有这样的意识; useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals,vegetation,or materials adversely．特殊结构such…as to——如此…以致空气污染物的一个有用定义是：一种直接或间接加入到空气里的化合物,其数量足以对人类、动物、植物或物质产生不利影响;63．The acute,growing public awareness of the social changes that had been taking place for some time was tied to tremendous growth in popular journalism in the late nineteenth century,including growth in quantity and circulation of both magazines and newspapers．awareness…was tied to tremendous growth…为句子主干公众对一段时间内一直在发生的社会变化敏锐的、不断增强的意识,与19世纪晚期通俗新闻的巨大增长包括杂志和报纸在数量和发行量上的增长紧密相连;64．A detailed study has been made of the prints using photogrammetry,a technique for obtaining measurements through photographs,which created a drawing showing all the curves and contours of the prints．被动语态已经使用照相测量法一种通过照相获得测量数据的技术对这些脚印进行了一项详细的研究,这种方法产生了一张显示脚印所有曲线和轮廓的照片;65．Footprints thus provide US not merely with rare impressions of the soft tissue of early hominids,but also with evidence of upright walking that in many ways is clearer than can be obtained from the analysis of bones．特殊结构not merely…but also；比较结构因此脚印不仅仅为我们提供早期人类软组织的稀有印记,而且为我们提供了直立行走的证据,这些证据在许多方面比骨头分析所提供的证据更清楚;66．In fact,throughout the animal kingdom,from sponges to certain types ofworms,shellfish,and all vertebratescreatures possessing a spinal column, there isevidence that transplants of cells or fragments of tissues into an animal are accepted only if they come from genetically compatible or closely related individuals．从句that transplants…are accepted…作evidence的同位语实际上,从海绵到某些种类的蠕虫、有壳的水生动物和所有的脊椎动物有脊柱的生物的整个动物界都有证据表明,进入动物体的细胞或组织片断移植只有在来自基因上相容或关系密切的个体时才被接受;67．In the twenties,jazz became the hottest new thing in dance music, much as ragtime had at the turn of the century,and as would rhythm and blues in the forties,rock in the fifties,and disco in the seventies．特殊结构much as…and as…——就像…以及…一样20年代,爵士乐成为舞蹈音乐中最热门的新事物,正如世纪之交流行的拉格泰姆音乐,以及40年代节奏与布鲁斯,50年代摇滚乐,和70年代迪斯科将会流行一样;68．They made these quilt until the advent of the Revolutionary War in 1775,when everything English came to be frowned upon．when引导的定语从句修饰1775；flown upon——对…表示不满他们一直做这种被子,直到1775年美国革命来临,当时美国人对英国的任何东西都表示不满; 69．Growing tightly packed together and collectively weaving a dense canopy of branches, a stand of red alder trees can totally dominate a site to the exclusion of almost everything else.特殊结构to the exclusion of 除…的存在一片红赤杨树紧紧长在一起,枝叶共同编织出一个厚密的树顶,它们能够完全占领一个地方,以致排除几乎任何其他东西的生长;70．In taking up a new life across the Atlantic,the early European settlers of the United States did not abandon the diversions with which their ancestors had traditionally relieved the tedium of life．介词提前的定语从句：with which…,其中which指前面的diversions在越过大西洋开始新生活后,美国早期的欧洲移民并没有抛弃他们的祖先传统上借以解闷的消遣;71．Farm dwellers in their isolation not only found it harder to locate companions in play but also thanks to the unending demands and pressures of their work, felt it necessary to combine fun with purpose.Farm dwellers…not only found it harder to…,but also…felt it necessary to…为句子主干单独居住的农场居民不仅发现在娱乐中很难找到伴侣,而且,由于来自工作的无休止的要求和压力,他们觉得必须把实用目的与乐趣结合起来;72．The scientific investigation of an experience as private as consciousness is frustratingly beyond the usual tools of the experimental psychologist.特殊结构as…as——像…一样…对像意识这样个人化的经历的科学研究令人沮丧,它远非实验心理学家通常的研究工具所能胜任;73．Among the species of seabirds that use the windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate,lay eggs,and rear their young are common murres, Atlantic puffins,black-legged kittiwakes,and northern gannets．倒装句：Among the species of seabirds…are…=…are among the species of seabirds…夏天在加拿大大西洋沿岸迎风的悬崖上交配、产卵并抚育后代的海鸟中有普通海鸦、大西洋。
托福阅读长句有译文
1.Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space．(定语后置in some ways…)由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。
Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface原因状语the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans 主句in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space 后置定语，修饰a hostile environment to humans整个句子结构是：原因状语+主句+后置定语这是一个主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是不是复合句。
句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。
2.Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressive population growth．(倒装结构Basic to any understanding…is…)要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。
托福阅读长句有译文
1.Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space．(定语后置in some ways…)由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。
Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface原因状语the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans 主句in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space 后置定语，修饰a hostile environment to humans整个句子结构是：原因状语+主句+后置定语这是一个主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是不是复合句。
句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。
2.Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressive population growth．(倒装结构Basic to any understanding…is…)要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。
托福阅读长句(有译文)
1.Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space．(定语后置in some ways…)由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球外表大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。
Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface原因状语the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans 主句in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space 后置定语，修饰a hostile environment to humans整个句子构造是：原因状语+主句+后置定语这是一个主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是不是复合句。
句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。
2.Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressive population growth．(倒装构造Basic to any understanding…is…)要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。
长句翻译课后练习
长句翻译课后练习1这家实业公司建于四年前，隶属上海工业技术发展中心，注重协调帮助所属企业进行生产技术的更新、老厂机制的转换，并且参与投资。
2上海大众汽车公司是一家中德合资企业，去年汽车产量为十万辆，预计今年产量可再增加五万两。
3可能知道中国一向坚持开放政策并对引进国外投资采取积极立场，以在平等互利的基础上与其他国家扩大经济合作和技术交流。
4. 许多人都说他是个笨蛋, 但果真如此吗?5. 应当承认, 每个民族都有它的长处, 不然它为什么能存在? 为什么能发展?6中国学生很灵, 一挥而就, 洋教师阅后,评出了最佳作文一篇, 学生们听后大为不解, 这种文章怎么能被评为“最佳”?7几千年来，形成老者自以为经验丰富而鄙薄少年为处事幼稚，而少年自以为活力充沛而蔑视老者为老朽昏庸。
这真是偏颇的见地！8农民的生活水平不断提高，大部分农民已解决了温饱问题，不少农民已过上小康生活。
9父亲毕竟比她多吃了几年盐, 她的男朋友是什么样的人, 父亲一看就知道。
10他很少乘车坐船, 几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭, 长途跋涉; 为了弄清大自然的真相, 他总是挑选道路艰险的山区、人迹稀少的森林进行考察, 发现了许多奇山秀景。
11你们的人参酒质量很好，但包装较差，瓶子易碎，纸盒太薄，对我们今后的订货，请每瓶套一只泡沫塑料套，并装在较厚的纸盒内，否则我们只能放弃这个业务。
12这种经营方式的特点是共同投资，共同管理，共负盈亏，可使双方的关系更为密切，协作更为加强，对双方都是有利的。
13我在学堂里坐着, 心里也闷, 不如给他家放牛, 倒快活些。
14要解决问题, 还需做系统而周密的调查研究, 这就是分析的过程。
15各种语言嘈杂极了, 有的在吵架, 有的在患难中谈爱, 真是一个热闹的世界。
16中国目前的教育制度可以分为四个阶段：学前教育，也就是托儿所和幼儿园阶段，然后从六岁开始六年小学，六年中学和四年大学17我们工厂引进了最先进的工艺和设备来提高印花行业的技术，我们倡导高科技和高生产力，产品质量稳定，花样美观，另外我们还坚持高产低耗的原则。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
托福写作备考之长句翻译练习1. It is inevitable for the old to have generation gap with their children. 对老年人来说，和他们的孩子有代沟是不可避免的。
2. It is sagacious that all relevant factors should be taken into account before taking any action. 在采取任何行动之前，应该考虑所有相关的因素，这是明智之举。
3. A fear has arisen among some people that the more machines will be used, the more workers will be unemployed and the lower our living standard will become. 恐惧在一些人当中出现了。
那就是，机器用得越多，失业的工人就越多，而我们的生活水平就会越低。
4. Before airing my opinion, I will analyze the hot issue from diverse perspectives. 在表明观点之前，我将从不从的角度来分析这个热门话题。
5. As soon as a child becomes old enough to communicate with other children, he begins having friends, who sometimes influence him more rapidly than his family. 当一个孩子长到足以和其他人交流时，他便开始交朋友，这些朋友对他的影响有时比家庭更快6. They spend too much time in front of the television, ignoring their study, outdoor activities and even their families. 他们在电视机前面花费了太多的时间，忽略了学习、户外活动，甚至他们的家庭。
7. But the disadvantage of this solution lies in the fact that too much land that could be used for farming or housing will inevitably be occupied by more and more roads.(同位语从句) 但此种方案的不足之处在于这样一个事实：修建越来越多的道路会不可避免的占用过多的土地，而这些土地原本是可以用于耕种或建房的。
8. In the countryside, the air is clean, the food is fresh and houses are totally spacious with large yards around them. (并列句) 在乡村，空气清新，食物新鲜，房子四周通常有宽敞的庭院。
9. Then couldn’t we live in the fresh air while enjoying the mobility of cars? 否定疑问句我们在享受着汽车带来的行动自如的同时，难道就呼吸不上新鲜的空气了吗?10. If students are forced to wear uniforms every day, how can they develop their individuality and creativity? 特殊疑问句如果学生被迫每天都穿校服，那他们怎么发展个性和创造力呢? 11. Today when the global economy is in depression, how will you make the choice to domesticate animals with an empty stomach or to solve the living problem with animals as the source of food and clothing? 在全球经济并不景气的今天，你会选择饿着肚子驯养宠物，还是把它们当作衣物和食物的来源，以求解决自身生存的问题呢? 选择疑问句12. In addition, the huge amounts of money spared may be poured into the construction of many highways, factories, hospitals and schools, which is of immense benefit to individuals as well as to the society. 此外，所节省的大笔资金可以用来建高速公路、工厂、医院和学校，这无论是对个人还是社会都有很大的好处。
13. They are printed in our newspapers and shown on our television screens as a visible proof of the man’s newest achievements. 它们作为人类最新成就的明证被登在报纸上，而且出现在电视屏幕上。
14. It is true that the whole world is witnessing China’s construction of modernization. 中国的现代化建设确实正为全世界所关注。
15. It is the controversial question, which has aroused heated discussion among people. 这是一个有争议的问题，它引起了人们的激烈讨论。
(名词作表语+定从)16. When we grow old enough to earn a living, it does not surprise us to discover that success is measured in terms of the money you earn. 当我们长大了，可以自谋生计的时候，我们毫不惊奇地发现，成功是用一个人挣多少钱来衡量的。
17. Finally，I will quote a classic sentence from a famous article entitled Give Me Liberty Or Give Me Death by Patrick Henry, the greatest writer in American history. 最后，我讲引用美国历史上最伟大的作家帕杰克亨利一篇题目为《不自由，勿宁死》的著名艺术作品里的最经典的话。
18. Over the last generation, we have worked hard to restore our natural treasures and find a way to conduct our economy that is more in harmony with the environment. 从我们父辈起，我们努力保护自然环境，找到使我们的经济与环境协调一致地发展的办法。
19. Wearing uniforms, to some extent, discourages individuality and hinder the development of creativity. 在某种程度上，穿校服不鼓励个性化，阻碍了创造力的发展。
20. Mutual understanding between them is desired for by them all, but achieved by only a few. 他们都期待相互理解，但能做到的人却很少。
21. So one thing is clear enough: for the sake of our students’ prospects, teachers should also be called on to respect students and add more attention to enlighten the individuality of students. 所以，这一点是很明确的：为了学生的前程，老师也应该尊重学生，把更多的注意力放在鼓励学生的个性发展上。
22. The critics argue that the practice does not coincide with the present-day civilized world in which liberty and individuality are highly worshiped. 批评家们争辩说这种做法与目前高度尊崇自由和个性的文明社会不一致。
23. Now people in growing numbers are enjoying the benefits at dinner table from the application of the new scientific advances to agriculture. 现在，越来越多的人从餐桌上就能感受到新科技应用到农业所带来的好处。
24. With population rapidly increasing, heavy traffic has become a big headache for many cities. 随着人口的迅速增长，交通拥挤已成为许多城市难以解决的问题。
25. Solving problems in the dormitory will, in the long run, help students understand how to communicate with others. 解决宿舍中的问题从长远角度看将帮助学生懂得如何与其他人交流。
26. While building more roads in places where land is less useful, we should increase the number of public bus lines. 一方面在土地不紧张的地方建造更多的道路，另一方面增加公共汽车线路。
27. What is more important, China, in which agriculture plays a leading role, will suffering a lot more than western countries if once stepping into the stage of popularization of cars. 更为重要的是，在中国这样一个以农业为主导地位的国家，汽车一旦普及将遭受比西方国家曾经历的更为严重的危害。